THE  FOLLOWING  LI8T  OP  THE  LATITUDES  AND  LONGI- 

rv\ 

TUDES    OP    LIGHT-HOUSES    ON    THE   COA8T    OF    THE 

u 

UNITED  STATES  HAS  BEEN  RECEIVED  AT  LLOYD'S  :— 

§ 

The  degrees  ef  latitude 

we  given  from  observations  made  at  various 

stations  of  the  United  States  Coast  survey,  and  the  longitudes  are  taken 

by  the  three  solar  eclipses 

or  1831,  1836.  and  1838,  reduce!  to  the  City- 

hall  of  New  York  as  a  meridian,  and  likewise  from  the  meridian  of 
Greenwich. 

X 

Names   of  States 

Lengitude 

from 

LoneitudeWest 

and  Places. 

Latitude. 

New  York  City - 
hali. 

from    Green- 
wich. 

* 

-r 

Deg.Mia.  Sec. 

Deg.  Min. 

See. 

Deg.  Min.  Sec 

New  York  City-hall 

40 

42     40.9 

0         0 

0 

74         0      56.7 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

Point  Judith 

41 

31      35 

2       31 

31  E. 

71       29     25 

Watch-hill  .. 

41 

18      09 

2       08 

54  „ 

71       52     0$ 

Block  island 

41 

'  13      24 

2       25 

53  „ 

71       35     04 

\ 

CONNECTICUT. 

Stonington  .. 
Mystic 

41 
41 

19     34 
18     54 

2       06 

2       01 

05  E. 
03  „ 

71       54      52 
71       59     54 

^ 

New  London 

41 

13      55 

1       55 

0    „ 

72       05      56 

\ 

Savbrook 

41 

16      13 

1        39 

50  „ 

72        20      59 

\wl 

Faulkner's  Island. . 

41 

IS      38 

1        21 

10  „ 

72        39      46 

VV 

New  Haven.. 

41 

14      X 

I       06 

09  „ 

72        54      47 

k\ 

Stratford 

41 

09     02 

0       54 

11  ,, 

73        06      46 

^  ^ 

Stratford  Beacon  . . 

41 

09      42 

0       51 

09  „ 

73        06      47 

Sheffield       .. 
Black  Rock.. 

41 

02      50 

0       35 

J3  „ 

73        25      43 

41 

l>8      27 

0        47 

25  „ 

73        13      31 

A 

Captain  Island 

40 

53     52 

0       22 

57  „ 

73       37     59 

NKW  YORK. 

1 

Throgs  Point 

40 

48      15 

0        12 

55  E. 

73       48     61 

Sands 

49 

51      52 

0        16 

36  „ 

73        44      21 

Eaton  Neck. . 

40 

57      09 

0        36 

38  „ 

73       34      18 

V 

OldSeld 

40 

58     33 

0       53 

15  „ 

73       07      41 

I 

Plumb  Island 

41 

10      21 

1        47 

42  „ 

72        13      14 

Gnll  Island 

41 

12      18 

1        54 

00  „ 

72       06      57 

Montauk 

41 

04      10 

2       08 

58  „ 

71       51      58 

Fire  Island 

40 

37      48 

0        47 

19  „ 

73       13     33 

Prince's  Bay 

40 

30      22 

0       12 

27  W. 

74        13      24 

K^ 

Narrow's 

40 

35      57 

0       02 

53  „ 

74       03      50 

\X 

Robin's  Reef 

40 

39      21 

0       03 

34  „ 

74       04      10 

v\ 

NKW    JKR8BY. 

j 

Sandy  Hook 

40 

97     37 

0       00 

15  E. 

74       00      42 

Neversink    . . 

40 

23     40 

0       01 

14  u. 
59  W. 

73       59      42 

Barnegatt 
Cape  May 

39 

45     54 

0       05 

71        0*      56 

[ 

38 

55     45 

0       57 

36  „ 

74       58      33 

N 

Egg  Island 
Cohansey     . . 

39 
39 

10     28 
20      15 

I       07 
1       31 

5* 

75       08      58 
75       22      12 

s 

DKLAWARK. 

1% 

Christiana   . .       .  • 

39 

43      12 

1       30 

53  W. 

75       31      50 

1 

Reedy  Island 

39 

29     57 

1       33 

47  m 

75       34      44 

K 

Bombay  Hook     I- . 
MitbWs      . . 

39 
39 

21      43 
10      13 

1       30 
1        23 

17  „ 
41  „ 

75       31      13 
75       24      38 

X\r 

Mispellion  .. 

38 

56      34 

1        18 

27  „ 

75       19      24 

\v\ 

Cape  Henlopen    . . 

38 

46     35 

1       04 

41  „ 

75       05      31 

\3  % 

Cape  Beacon 

38 

47      21 

1       04 

47  „ 

75       05     44 

I  Cape  Breakwater . . 

38 

47      50 

1       06 

06  „ 

75       07     0$ 

1 

Havre-de-Grace    .. 

39 

32     30 

2       04 

46  „ 

76       05     4S 

Gl 


A  COMPLETE 


DESCRIPTIVE  AND  STATISTICAL  GAZETTEER 


UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA, 

CONTAINING  A  PARTICULAR  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE 

STATES,  TERRITORIES,  COUNTIES,  DISTRICTS,  PARISHES,  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND 
VILLAGES MOUNTAINS,  RIVERS,  LAKES,  CANALS,  AND  RAILROADS; 

WITH  AN  ABSTRACT  OF  THE 

CENSUS  AND  STATISTICS  FOR  1840, 

EXHIBITING  A  COMPLETE 

VIEW  OF    THE    AGRICULTURAL,  COMMERCIAL,  MANUFACTURING,  AND  LITERARY 
CONDITION  AND  RESOURCES  OF  THE  COUNTRY. 


BY     DANIEL    HASKEL,     A.M. 

Late  President  of  the  t*niversity  of  Vermont ; 

AND 

J.    CALVIN    SMITH, 

Geographer,  Author  of  a  new  Map  of  the  United  States,  &c. 


NEW   YORK: 

PUBLISHED    BY    SHERMAN    &    SMITH, 

192  Broadway,  corner  of  Cedar  street. 


i  sin. 


E!5f 
H 


Entered, 
According  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1843,  by 
George  E.  Sherman  and  J.  Calvin  Smith, 
In  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  Southern  District  of  New  York. 


Stereotyped  by 

R.  C.  VALENTINE, 

45  Gold  Street,  New  York. 

HITCHCOCK  &  STAFFORD, 
Printers,  New  Haven,  Ct 


PREFACE 


The  present  is  eminently  a  proper  time  in  which  to  prepare  a  Gazetteer  of  the 
United  States.  The  progress  of  the  country  in  population,  in  agriculture,  in  com- 
merce, in  manufactures,  and  in  education,  has  recently  been  ascertained  with  great 
labor  and  expense  by  the  census,  and  it  is  important  that  this,  and  other  continually 
accumulating  information,  should  be  widely  diffused.  All  former  gazetteers  are 
rendered  obsolete  by  the  census,  which  has  but  recently  become  available,  and  by 
the  rapid  changes  which  the  country  is  undergoing,  particularly  in  its  newer  por- 
tions. 

The  progress  of  the  United  States  is  unexampled  in  the  history  of  the  world.  A 
little  more  than  two  hundred  years  since,  the  country  was  an  unbroken  forest, 
inhabited  by  a  sparse  population  of  savages,  who  camped  on  its  streams  or  roamed 
through  its  woods,  to  obtain  a  precarious  subsistence  from  fishing  and  the  chase. 
No  plough  had  furrowed  the  soil,  no  flocks  and  herds  of  domestic  animals  spread 
over  its  hills  or  grazed  in  its  valleys,  no  fields  of  grain  covered  its  fertile  plains ; 
no  roads  connected  distant  parts  of  the  country,  no  bridges  spanned  its  rivers,  no 
mills  plied  on  its  waterfalls.  Its  large  rivers  rolled  in  mighty  volume  to  the  ocean, 
but  they  bore  on  their  surface  nothing  but  the  clumsy  raft  and  the  frail  canoe  of  the 
Indian.  But  what  a  change  has  two  centuries  wrought !  The  little  bands  of  James- 
town and  of  Plymouth  have  become  a  mighty  nation,  whose  commerce  whitens 
every  ocean  and  penetrates  every  sea,  whose  name  is  known  and  respected  to  the 
ends  of  the  earth,  and  whose  institutions  and  improvements  attract  the  attention  of 
the  civilized  world.  Great  have  been  the  toil  and  privation  and  hardship  which 
were  necessary  to  fell  this  immensity  of  forest,  to  change  the  wilderness  into  culti- 
vated fields,  to  rear  villages  and  cities,  and  to  overspread  the  country  with  its  various 
and  noble  works  of  improvement.  But  the  pioneers  of  civilization  were  a  body  of 
men  who  shrunk  not  from  labor  and  suffering,  that  they  might  perpetuate  their  prin- 
ciples, and  rear  a  country  which  should  constitute  a  noble  legacy  to  their  posterity. 

The  following  work  is  designed  to  exhibit  the  present  condition  of  the  United 
States  ; — its  progress  in  agriculture,  in  commerce,  in  manufactures,  and  in  general  im- 
provement. To  do  this,  the  best  sources  of  information  have  been  resorted  to.  The 
materials  of  American  geography  have  been  accumulating  for  a  long  course  of 
years,  by  the  labor  and  research  of  many  gifted  minds ;  and  he  who  should  at- 
tempt to  construct  a  gazetteer  independently  of  the  labors  of  his  predecessors,  would 
be  chargeable  with  great  folly.  It  would  be  a  long  and  ostentatious  catalogue  to  pre- 
sent the  names  of  the  authors  who  have  been  consulted  in  the  preparation  of  the  fol- 
lowing work.    It  is  sufficient  to  say  that  the  best  works  on  American  geography  have 

ivil93267 


been  consulted,  and  such  use  has  been  made  of  them  as  is  consistent  with  the  rights 
of  others  ;  while  much  new  and  valuable  information  has  been  derived  from  a  writ- 
ten correspondence,  continued  for  several  years,  with  intelligent  gentlemen  in  various 
parts  of  the  country,  for  whose  communications  a  respectful  acknowledgment  is  ten- 
dered. • 

Hundreds  of  new  counties,  towns,  and  post-offices,  are  described  in  this  work, 
which  are  not  to  be  found  in  any  preceding  gazetteer.  All  the  existing  post-offices 
in  the  United  States,  at  the  date  of  this  publication,  will  be  here  found,  with  their 
bearing  and  distance  from  the  capital  of  the  state  in  which  they  are  located,  and  their 
distance  from  Washington.  To  effect  this,  the  new  post-office  book  was  obligingly 
furnished  by  the  Hon.  Charles  A.  Wickliffe,  Postmaster-General,  as  the  sheets  were 
issued  from  the  press,  which  is  greatly  more  complete  and  correct  than  the  similar 
work  previously  in  existence.  Distances  have  been  more  correctly  ascertained,  and 
the  whole  brought  down  to  the  present  time.  The  greatest  source,  however,  from 
which  this  gazetteer  has  been  enriched,  is  the  recent  census  of  the  United  States, 
and  its  very  minute  and  valuable  statistics:  and  an  acknowledgment  is  due  to 
the  Hon.  Daniel  Webster,  Secretary  of  State,  for  generously  transmitting  the  vol- 
ume of  the  statistics,  before  it  could  have  been  otherwise  obtained.  The  above  work, 
in  its  present  form,  published  by  Congress,  is  voluminous  and  inconvenient  to  con- 
sult for  general  purposes,  though  exceedingly  valuable  as  a  public  document ;  and 
had  the  following  work  done  nothing  more  than  furnish  an  abstract  of  this,  in  a  form 
suitable  for  general  reference  and  use,  it  would  have  accomplished  an  important 
object 

That  great  labor  has  been  encountered  in  the  preparation  of  this  work,  will  be 
evident  to  all  persons  acquainted  with  such  undertakings.  It  is  not  constructed 
upon  the  basis  of  any  former  work.  Every  article  has  been  prepared  expressly  for 
this  gazetteer ;  and  it  will  be  found  to  have  all  the  originality  which  can  be  reasonably 
expected.  That  in  a  work  involving  such  an  immense  number  of  particulars  no 
mistakes  have  occurred,  it  would  be  presumptuous  to  affirm  ;  though  the  utmost 
pains  have  been  taken  to  avoid  them.  The  United  States  census  may  have  some 
errors;  it  is, however,  the  nearest  approximation  to  the  truth,  in  regard  to  the  whole 
country,  which  can  be  obtained  for  ten  years  to  come. 

The  authors  commit  their  work  to  the  public,  in  the  confident  expectation  that 
the  great  amount  of  labor  employed  in  compiling  it  will  not  have  been  spent  in 
vain. 


EXPLANATION 

OF   THE 

ABBREVIATIONS  MADE  USE   OF  IN  THIS  WORK. 


In  the  preparation  of  this  work,  in  order  to  a  great  condensation  of  its  matter, 
many  ellipses  and  abbreviations  have  been  necessary.  It  is  presumed  that  every 
reader  would  prefer  an  accumulation  of  facts,  to  smoothness,  and  even  regularity  of 
periods.  A  little  attention  will  render  them  familiar,  and  in  most  instances  their 
import  will  suggest  itself,  without  explanation. 

New  Hampshire. 

New  Jersey. 

New  York. 

Ohio. 

Pennsylvania. 

Parish. 

Population. 

Post  township. 

Post  village. 

Post  borough. 

Retail. 

Rhode  Island. 

Square  miles. 

South  Carolina. 

Common  school,  or 
schools. 

Tennessee. 

Township. 

Virginia. 

Vermont. 

Wisconsin. 

Following  a  number, 
Washington  City. 

Yards. 

North,  South,  East, 
West,  and  so  of 
other  points  of  the 
compass. 


Auburn,  p-v.,  capital  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y.,  154  w.  Albany,  333  W.  There  are  59 
stores,  cap.  $341,447  ;  1  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac,  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  1  brewery, 
4  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.,  3  furnaces,  4  printing  offices.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $643,550. 
1  college,  48  students,  2  acad.  250  students,  9  sch.  740  scholars.  Pop.  5,626  :— 
Which  should  be  read — 

Auburn,  post  village,  capital  of  Cayuga  county,  New  York,  154  miles  west  of  Al- 
bany, 333  miles  from  Washington  City.    There  are  59  stores,  with  a  capital  invest- 


acad. 

Academy. 

N.H. 

Ala. 

Alabama. 

N.J. 

Ark. 

Arkansas. 

N.  Y. 

bush. 

Bushels. 

O. 

cap. 

Invested  capital. 

Pa. 

C.H. 

Court  house. 

par. 
Pop. 

CO. 

County. 

Ct. 

Connecticut. 

p-t 

Del. 

Delaware. 

p-v. 

Dist. 

District. 

p-b. 

for. 

Foreign. 

ret. 

fac. 

Factory. 

R.I. 

Flor. 

Florida. 

sq.  ms. 

Ga. 

Georgia. 
Hundred. 

S  C. 

hund. 

sch. 

isl. 

Island. 

la. 

Indiana. 

Te.  or  Tenn 

111. 

Illinois. 

t 

Io. 

Iowa. 

Va. 

Ky. 

Kentucky. 

Vt. 

La. 

Louisiana. 

Wis. 

m. 

Mill  or  mills. 

W. 

m.  ms. 

Mile,  miles. 

manufac. 

Manufactures. 

yds. 

Me. 

Maine. 

Ms.  or  Mass. 

Massachusetts. 

Miss. 

Mississippi. 

N.  S.  E.  W.      ' 

Mo. 

Missouri. 

mt  mts. 

Mountain,  mountains. 

Md. 

Maryland. 

Where  no  ds 

N.  C. 

North  Carolina. 

EXAI 

ulation,  it  is  unc 

HFLE. 

6 

ed  of  $341,447 ;  1  woollen  factory,  1  cotton  factory,  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  1  brewery, 
4  flouring  mills,  2  saw  mills,  3  furnaces,  4  printing  offices.  Capital  invested  in 
manufactures,  $643,550.  1  college,  with  48  students,  2  academies,  with  250  stu- 
dents, 9  common  schools,  with  740  scholars.    Population,  5,626. 

In  the  Northern  states,  every  county  is  divided  into  townships,  generally  from  4 
to  6  miles  square,  though  their  dimensions  vary.  In  New  England,  the  principal 
village  takes  the  name  of  the  township  in  which  it  is  situated  ;  but  in  some  parts  of 
the  township,  a  village  occasionally  has  a  different  name  from  that  of  the  township. 
In  New  York,  the  villages  have  frequently  an  incorporation  distinct  from  that  of  the 
township  in  which  they  are  situated,  and  the  village  is  often  more  prominent  than 
the  township ;  and  in  some  instances,  persons  who  know  well  the  location  of  a  pro- 
minent village,  might  not  be  able  to  name  the  township  in  which  it  is  situated.  The 
same  is  to  a  degree  true  in  the  states  of  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  and  In- 
diana. In  the  states  south  of  Pennsylvania  and  of  the  Ohio  river,  and  in  Illinois, 
there  is  no  such  subdivision  as  townships ;  as  an  incorporated  district,  and  a  collec- 
tion of  houses,  whether  few  or  many,  is  called  a  town.  In  the  following  work,  t. 
denotes  a  township,  and  v.  a  village,  or  collection  of  houses,  whether  few  or  many, 
whether  with  or  without  an  incorporation.  In  South  Carolina,  districts  answer  to 
counties  in  other  states,  and  in  Louisiana,  parishes.  In  Delaware,  hundreds  an- 
swer to  towns.  In  those  states  where  the  division  of  townships  does  not  obtain,  the 
census  was  taken  only  by  counties,  and  the  statistics,  therefore,  will  be  found  under 
the  heads  of  the  counties. 


GENERAL  DESCRIPTION 


OF 


THE    UNITED    STATES 


The  United  States  of  America  occupy  the  middle  division  of  North  America,  and  are  bounded 
north  by  British  and  Russian  America ;  east  by  New  Brunswick  and  the  Atlantic  ocean  ;  south 
by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  Texas,  and  Mexico ;  and  west  by  the  Pacific  ocean.  It  lies  between 
25°  and  54°  of  north  latitude,  and  between  66°  50'  and  125°  west  longitude  from  Greenwich ; 
or  between  9°  35'  east,  and  48°  20'  west  longitude  from  Washington.  Its  greatest  length  is  3,000 
miles,  and  its  greatest  breadth  is  1,700  miles,  containing  about  2,300,000  square  miles.  It  has  a 
frontier  line  of  about  10,000  miles  ;  a  sea  coast  of  3,600;  and  a  lake  coast  of  1,200  miles.  It  con- 
tains about  one  twentieth  of  the  habitable  land  of  the  whole  earth.  The  population  in  1790  was 
3,929,328;  in  1800,  5,309,758;  in  1810,  7,239,903;  in  1820,  9,638,166;  in  1830,  12,856,165;  in  1840, 
17,062,666;  of  which  2,487,113  were  slaves.  Employed  in  agriculture.  3,717,756;  in  commerce, 
1 17,575 ;  in  manufactures  and  trades,  791 ,545 ;  navigating  the  ocean,  56,025 ;  navigating  rivers,  lakes, 
canals,  &c,  33,067;  in  mining,  15,203;  learned  professions,  65,236. 

The  territory  of  the  United  States  is  divided  into  26  states  and  three  territories,  each  of  which 
has  a  separate  government,  and  the  District  of  Columbia.  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  states,— 
which  are  divided  into  the  northern  or  eastern,  the  middle,  the  southern,  and  the  western, — 
their  population  in  1840,  and  their  capitals. 

Northern,  or  Eastern  States.— Maine,  501,793,  Augusta;  New  Hampshire,  284,574,  Con- 
cord; Vermont,  292,948,  Montpelier ;  Massachusetts,  737,699,  Boston;  Rhode  Island,  108,830, 
Newport  and  Providence  ;  Connecticut,  309,978,  Hartford  and  New  Haven. 

Middle  States.— New  York,  2,428,921,  Albany ;  New  Jersey,  373,306,  Trenton ;  Pennsylva- 
nia, 1,724,033,  Harrisburg ;  Delaware,  78,085,  Dover  ;  Maryland,  469,232,  Annapolis. 

Southern  States.— Virginia,  1,239,797,  Richmond ;  North  Carolina,  763,419,  Raleigh;  South 
Carolina,  594,398,  Columbia;  Georgia,  691,392,  Milledgeville ;  Alabama,  590,756,  Tuscaloosa; 
Mississippi,  375,651,  Jackson;  Louisiana,  352,411,  New  Orleans. 

Western  States.— Ohio,  1,519,467,  Columbus ;  Kentucky,  779,828,  Frankfort ;  Tennessee, 
829,210,  Nashville ;  Michigan,  212,267,  Detroit;  Indiana,  685,866,  Indianapolis;  Illinois,  476,183, 
Springfield ;  Missouri,  383,702,  Jefferson  City ;  Arkansas,  97,574,  Little  Rock. 

Territories.— District  of  Columbia,  43,712,  Washington ;  Florida,  54,477,  Tallahassee ;  Wis- 
consin, 30,945,  Madison;  Iowa,  43,112,  Iowa  city. 

Washington,  on  the  Potomac  river,  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  is  the  capital  of  the  United 
States,  and  became  such  in  the  year  1800. 

The  country  has  every  variety  of  surface  and  of  soil.  It  has  two  principal,  and  a  number  of  les- 
ser ranges  of  mountains.  The  two  principal  are  the  Alleghany  and  the  Rocky  mountains.  The 
Alleghany  mountains  commence  in  the  south,  in  Alabama,  and  run  in  a  northeast  direction, 
generally  in  a  number  of  separate  ridges,  with  a  breadth  of  from  60  to  120  miles,  and  at  a  distance 
from  the  sea  coast  of  from  250  to  80  miles,  and  terminate  in  the  Cattskill  mountains,  on  the 
west  of  Hudson  river.  The  general  height  of  the  Alleghany  range  is  about  2,000  or  3,000  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  ocean,  but  not  more  than  one  half  of  this  above  the  level  of  their  base.  The 
highest  peak  in  this  range  is  Black  mountain,  in  the  west  part  of  North  Carolina,  which  is  6,476 
feet     Round  Top,  the  highest  peak  of  the  Catskill  mountains,  is  3,804  feet. 


8  GENERAL    DESCRIPTION    OF 

The  Rocky  mountains  may  be  regarded  as  a  part  of  the  great  chain  of  the  Cordilleras,  and  ex- 
tend from  Mexico  to  70°  north  latitude,  running  at  an  average  distance  of  600  miles  from  the 
Pacific,  and  with  a  general  height  of  about  9,000  feet,  though  some  peaks  are  much  higher.  Some 
have  estimated  them  from  20  to  25,000  feet. 

The  Green  mountains  commence  near  New  Haven,  in  Connecticut,  and  run  north  through 
this  state,  Massachusetts,  and  Vermont,  to  Canada.  Mansfield  mountain,  the  highest  peak,  in  a 
town  of  the  same  name,  in  Vermont,  is  4,280  feet  high. 

The  White  mountains  in  New  Hampshire  are  very  elevated,  the  highest  peak,  Mount  Washing- 
ton, being  6,428  feet  high.  West  of  Lake  Champlain,  in  the  state  of  New  York,  are  some  high 
mountains,  the  highest  peak  of  which,  Mount  Marcy,  is  5,460  feet. 

The  waters  west  of  the  Rocky  mountains  generally  flow  into  the  Pacific,  though  north  of  the 
United  States,  Unjigah,  or  Peace  river,  passes  this  great  barrier,  and  enters  the  Northern  ocean. 
The  Mississippi,  with  its  great  tributaries,  drains  the  country  between  the  Rocky  and  Alleghany 
mountains,  excepting  a  few  of  an  inferior  class,  which  flow  into  the  great  northern  lakes.  East 
of  the  Alle'ghanies,  the  rivers  flow  into  the  Atlantic  ocean.  A  great  portion  of  the  vast  valley  of 
the  Mississippi  is  level,  or  moderately  uneven.  The  surface  of  the  Eastern,  or  New  England 
states,  is  hilly  or  mountainous.  The  Atlantic  coast  south  of  Long  Island,  to  the  distance  gene- 
rally of  100  miles  from  the  ocean,  is  a  sandy  plain,  but  little  elevated  above  the  level  of  the  ocean. 
But  back  of  this,  the  country  is  hilly,  until  it  rises  into  mountains. 

The  soil  of  New  England,  with  the  exception  of  the  valley  of  the  Connecticut  river,  is  general- 
ly rocky  and  rough,  though  in  some  parts  fertile,  better  adapted  to  grazing  than  to  grain.-  The 
low  country  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  has  a  light  and  rather  barren  soil,  excepting  on  the  margins  of 
the  rivers  j  but  the  hilly  country  back  of  this  is  fertile.  The  soil,  generally,  in  the  valley  of  the 
Mississippi,  is  fertile.  But  toward  the  Rocky  mountains,  the  country  is  barren ;  though  the  ex- 
tensive prairies  are  adapted  to  grazing,  as  is  proved  by  the  vast  herds  of  buffaloes  which  have 
found  a  subsistence  there.  The  soil  west  of  the  Rocky  mountains  is  in  some  parts  fertile,  but  gen- 
erally but  moderately  productive. 

Beef,  pork,  butter,  and  cheese  are  the  principal  productions  of  the  Eastern  states  ;  though  grains 
of  various  kinds  are  raised  for  home  consumption.  Wheat  is  the  staple  of  the  Middle  states.  In  the 
northern  portion  of  the  Southern  states,  wheat  and  tobacco  are  chiefly  cultivated ;  and  further 
south,  cotton,  rice,  and  sugar.  Throughout  the  United  States,  Indian  corn,  an  indigenous  grain,  is 
extensively  cultivated,  and  forms  a  most  important  crop.— (For  the  Agricultural  statistics,  see 
the  particular  states.) 

Among  the  minerals,  iron  ore,  coal,  limestone,  and  salt  are  exceedingly  abundant.  The  lead 
region  in  Missouri,  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  and  Iowa,  is  probably  the  finest  in  the  world.  Gold  is  foun J 
to  a  considerable  extent  in  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  and  Georgia;  and  marble  and  gypsum  are 
very  extensive. 

Extending,  as  the  United  States  does,  through  20  degrees  of  latitude,  differing  greatly  in  differ- 
ent parts  in  the  elevation  of  its  surface,  it  must,  of  course,  have  a  great  variety  of  climate.  In 
the  northern  part,  it  is  subject  to  great  extremes  of  heat  and  cold,  but  the  climate  is  generally 
healthy.  In  the  southern  portion,  along  the  Atlantic  coast,  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  the  climate 
from  July  to  November  is  unhealthy.  The  elevated  portion  of  the  country  is  generally  healthy. 
The  Western  states,  with  the  exception  of  some  low  and  marshy  portions,  have  a  fine  and  salu- 
brious climate. 

There  are  many  large  and  extensively  navigable  rivers,  furnishing  an  immensity  of  water  power 
for  mills  and  manufactories,  and  great  facilities  for  navigation  and  commerce.  The  following 
are  the  principal  rivers  which  flow  into  the  Atlantic,  with  about  their  length  in  miles  :  Penob- 
scot, 250 ;  Kennebec,  200 ;  Androscoggin,  170  ;  Saco,  160  ;  Merrimac,  200 ;  Connecticut,  410 ; 
Hudson,  324 ;  Delaware,  300 ;  Susquehanna,  450 ;  Potomac,  500  ;  James,  500  ;  Roanoke,  400 ;  Cape 
Fear,  350;  Pedee,  450;  Santee,450;  Savannah,  500;  Altamaha,  400 ;  St.  Johns,  300.  The  fol- 
lowing rivers  flow  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico :  Appalachicola,  500 ;  Alabama,  600 ;  Tombigbee, 
450  ;  Mississippi,  3,000.  The  following  are  tributaries  of  the  Mississippi :  Red  river,  1,500  ,  Ar- 
kansas, 2,150;  White  river,  1,200;  Missouri,  3,180;  Kansas,  1,100;  Platte,  1,600;  Osage,  500; 
Yellowstone,  1,100  ;  Ohio,  1,350;  Illinois,  500;  Des  Moines,  800  ;  Tennessee,  900 ;  Cumberland, 
600;  Wabash,  500.  The  following  rivers  are  west  of  the  Rocky  mountains  :  Columbia,  1,500; 
Multnomah,  900  ;  Lewis's,  900 ;  Clarke's,  600.     The  above,  include  their  remote  sources. 

The  two  largest  lakes  which  lie  wholly  in  the  United  States  are  Michigan,  330  miles  long  and 
60  broad  ;  and  Champlain,  120  miles  long  and  15  broad.  But  the  great  lakes  Superior,  380  miles 
long,  and  130  broad  ;  Huron,  240  by  150 ;  Erie,  240  by  60  ;  and  Ontario,  190  by  55,  are  one  half  in 
the  United  States,  the  boundary  passing  through  the  middle  of  them.  There  are  many  smaller 
hikes,  for  an  account  of  which,  sen  the  particular  states. 

TheGulf  of  .Mexico,  on  the  south  of  the  United  States,  is  a  large  bran«h  of  the  Atlantic  ocean 
which  receives  the  waters  from  the  great  Mississippi  valley     The  Chesapeake,  Delaware,  Massa 


THE  UNITED    STATES. 


9 


chusetts,  and  Penobscot  are  the  largest  bays.  The  principal  sounds  are  Long  Island,  Albemarle, 
and  Pamlico.  The  principal  capes  are  Cape  Ann,  Cod,  May,  Henlopen,  Charles,  Henry,  Hatteras, 
Lookout,  Fear,  and  Sable. 

Among  the  principal  harbors,  proceeding  from  north  to  south,  are  Portland,  Portsmouth,  Boston, 
Newport,  New  London,  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  Norfolk,  Charleston,  Savannah,  Mo- 
bile, and  New  Orleans. 

The  following  are  the  most  populous  towns  in  the  United  States,  with  the  number  of  inhabitants 
of  each  in  1840.  New  York,  312,710  ;  Philadelphia,  228,691 ;  Baltimore,  102,313  ;  New  Orleans, 
102,193;  Boston,  93,383;  Cincinnati,  46,338;  Brooklyn,  36,233;  Albany,  33,721;  Charleston, 
29,261;  Washington,  23,364 ;  Providence,  23,171 ;  Louisville,  21,210;  Pittsburg,  21,115;  Lowell, 
20/796;  Rochester,  20,191 ;  Richmond,  20,153 ;  Troy,  19,334;  Buffalo,  18,213;  Newark,  17,290; 
St.  Louis,  16,469;  Portland,  15,218;  Salem,  15,082. 

The  people  of  the  United  States  are  principally  an  agricultural  people.  The  extent  of  their  ter- 
ritory, and  the  fertility  of  the  soil,  contribute  to  this  result.  Their  agricultural  resources  are  al- 
ready immense,  and  they  are  but  partially  developed :  they  are  capable  of  becoming  the  granary 
of  the  world.  The  following  agricultural  statistics,  derived  from  the  census  of  1840,  show  a  pro- 
gress, remarkable  as  it  is  encouraging. 

There  were  in  the  United  States  in  1840,  4,335,669  horses  and  mules  ;  14,971,586  neat  cattle  ; 
19,311,374  sheep  ;  26,301,293  swine ;  poultry  to  the  value  of  $9,344,410.  There  were  produced 
84,823,272  bushels  of  wheat;  4,161,504  of  barley  ;  123,071,341  of  oats  ;  18,645,567  of  rye  ;  7,291,743 
of  buckwheat ;  377,531,875  of  Indian  corn  ;  35,802,114  pounds  of  wool ;  1,238,502  of  hops  ;  628,303  of 
wax;  108,298,060  bush,  of  potatoes;  10,248,108  tons  of  hay  ;  95,251  of  hemp  and  flax  ;  219,163,319 
pounds  of  tobacco  ;  80,841,422  of  rice  ;  790,479,275  of  cotton;  61,552  of  silk  cocoons ;  155,100,809 
of  sugar ;  value  of  the  products  of  the  dairy,  $33,787,008  ;  of  the  orchard,  $7,256,904  ;  of  lumber 
$12,943,507.    There  were  made  124,734  gallons  of  wine. 

In  its  commerce  this  country  is  the  second  on  the  globe,  being  inferior  only  to  Great  Britain.  In 
1840  the  capital  invested  in  foreign  trade,  by  importing  and  commission  merchants,  was  $1 19,295,367  : 
in  domestic  retail  dry  goods  and  other  stores,  $250,301,799;  in  the  fisheries,  $16,429,620.  The 
registered  tonnage  of  the  United  States  is  899,764 ;  the  enrolled  and  licensed,  1,176,694  ;  fishing 
vessels,  104,304 ;  total,  2,180,764.  Of  the  registered  and  enrolled  tonnage  there  were  employed 
in  the  whale  fishery,  136,926. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  imports  and  exports  of  the  several  states  and  territories,  for  the  year  end- 
ing September  30th,  1840. 


VALUE  OF 

VALUE    OF   EXPORTS. 

STATES  AND   TERRITORIES. 

Domestic  Produce. 

Foreign 
produce. 

Total  of  do- 
mestic and 
foreign  pro- 
duce. 

IMPORTS. 

In  Amer. 

vessels. 

In  foreign 
vessels. 

Total. 

Maine,         .... 

$628,762 

$959,903 

$50,007 

$1,009,910 

$8,359 

$1,018,269 

New  Hampshire, 

114,647 

19,676 

1,085 

29,761 

218 

20,979 

Vermont, 

404,617 

305,150 

305,150 

305,150 

Massachusetts,   . 

16,513,858 

5,504,441 

763,717 

6,268,158 

3,918,103 

10,186,261 

Rhode  Island,    . 

274,534 

203,006 

203,006 

3,933 

206,989 

Connecticut, 

277,072 

518,066 

144 

518,210 

518,210 

New  York,          i 

60,440,750 

17,329,071 

5,347,538 

22,676,609 

11,587,471 

34,264,080 

New  Jersey, 

19,209 

14,883 

14,883 

1,193 

16,076 

Pennsylvania,    . 

8,464,882 

5,282,456 

454,000 

5,736,456 

1,083,689 

6,820,145 

Delaware,  . 

802 

37,001 

37,001 

37,001 

Maryland,  . 

4,910,746 

4,098,139 

1,396,881 

5,495,020 

273,748 

5,768,768 

District  of  Columbia, 

119,852 

643,950 

107,479 

751,429 

2,494 

753,923 

Virginia, 

545,085 

4,518,632 

251,305 

4,769,937 

8,283 

4,778,220 

North  Carolina,  . 

252,532 

343,981 

43,503 

387,484 

387,484 

South  Carolina,  . 

2,058,870 

7,750,546 

2,230,470 

9,981,016 

55,753 

10,036,769 

Georgia, 

491,428 

3,979,912 

2,883,047 

6,862,959 

6,862,959 

Alabama,    . 

Mississippi, 
Louisiana, 

574,651 

10,483,694 

2,371,000 

12,854,694 

12,854,694 

10,673,190 

27,182,807 

5,815,252 

32,998,059 

1,238,877 

34,236,936 

Ohio, 

4,915 

864,164 

127,790 

991,954 

991,954 

Kentucky,  . 

2,241 

Tennessee, 

28,938 

Michigan, 

138,610 

162,229 

162,229 

162,229 

Florida, 

190,728 

1,829,191 

21,518 

1,850,709 

8,141 

1,858,850 

Missouri,     . 

10,600 

Total, 

107,141,519 

92,030,898 

21,864,736 

113,895,634 

18,190,312 

132,085,946 

The  total  amount  of  the  tonnage  of  the  United  States  for  the  year  1840,  was  2,190,615  tons. 

2 


10 


GENERAL   DESCRIPTION   OF 


The  following  table  will  show  the  amount  of  import*  from,  and  exports 
theyear  ending  September  dOtk,  1840. 


to,  each  foreign  country,  during 


COUNTRIES. 


Russia,  ...• 

Prussia,         .... 
Sweden  and  Norway,  . 
Swedish  West  Indies, . 
Denmark,      .... 
Danish  West  Indies,    . 
Hanse  Towns, 
Holland,  i 

Dutch  East  Indies, 
Dutch  West  Indies,      . 
Dutch  Guiana,     . 
Belgium,       .... 
England,       .... 
Scotland,      .... 
Ireland,         ... 
Gibraltar,      .... 

Malta, 

Mauritius,     .... 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,    . 
British  East  Indies, 
British  West  Indies,     . 
British  Honduras, 
British  Guiana, 
British  American  colonies,  . 
Australia,      .... 
British  African  ports,   . 
France,         .... 
French  West  Indies,    . 
French  Guiana,    . 
Bourbon,       .... 

Hayti, 

Spain, 

Teneriffe  and  other  Canaries, 

Manilla  and  Philippine  islands, 

Cuba,  .... 

Other  Spanish  West  Indies, 

Portugal,       .... 

Madeira,       . 

Fayal  and  the  other  Azores, 

Cape  de  Verd  islands, 

Italy 

Sicily, 

Ionian  islands, 

Greece, 

Trieste,         .... 

Turkey,        .... 

Morocco,      .... 

Texas,  .... 

Mexico,         .... 

Venezuela,  .... 

New  Granada, 

Central  America, 

Brazil,  .... 

Argentine  republic, 

Cisplatine  republic, 

Chili,  .... 

Peru,  .... 

Republic  of  Ecuador, 

South  America,  generally, 

China,  .... 

Europe,  generally, 

Asia,  generally, 

Africa,  generally, 

Arabia,         .... 

West  Indies,  generally, 

South  Seas, 

Sandwich  Islands, 

Atlantic  ocean, 

Northwest  coast  of  America, 

Uncertain  places, 

Total, 


VALUE  OF 
IMPORTS. 


VALUK  OF  EXl'ORTS. 


Domestic 
produce. 


$2,572,427 

59,304 

1,217,913 

57,545 

7,501 

969,177 

2,521,493 

1,074,754 

817,897 

396,479 

37,766 

274,867 

33,114,133 

525,217 

98,349 

32,567 

28,471 

32,324 

1,952,461 

1,048,165 

158,353 

10,973 

2,007,767 

122,141 

17,572,876 
335,251 


1,252,824 

1,684,665 

150,522 

450,251 

9,835,477 

1,898,732 

222,884 

309,524 

38,138 

29,348 

1,157,200 

649,525 

43,027 

5,138 

373,365 

563,476 

62,138 

303,847 

4,175,001 

1,355,166 

217,382 

189,021 

4,927,296 

293,562 

494,402 

1,616,859 

438,495 

28,685 

6,640,829 

284,452 
372,537 


13,762 
16,293 


1,525 


Foreign 
produce. 


$234,856 

43,353 

435,092 

98,710 

76,183 

918,931 

3,367,963 

3,345,264 

132,751 

259,438 

52,118 

1,834,229 

51,951,778 

2,022,636 

217,762 

643,344 

14,610 

8,319 

35,816 

280,404 

2,907,584 

132,095 

118,896 

5,889,215 

84,847 

18,919,327 
483,595 


945,365 

353,419 

11,816 

90,589 

5,331,471 

770,420 
97,341 
93,819 
10,471 
82,611 
1,189,838 

303,217 


1,590,356 
119,745 

937,072 

969,938 

554,267 

57,922 

130,661 

2,145,863 

280,144 

82,102 

1,372,254 


96,042 
469,186 

63,976 
170,734 
511,215 

376,715 
177,229 


720 


Total. 


$934,625 

43,115 

115,134 

3,610 

17,868 

180,518 

830,496 

511,046 

202,552 

42,916 

486,426 

5,096,882 

28,304 

257,110 

45,386 

153 

197 

351,791 

58,000 

58,371 

538 

204,035 

6,022 


$1,169,481 

86,468 

550,226 

102,320 

94,051 

1,099,449 

4,198,459 

3,856,310 

335,303 

302,354 

52,118 

2,320,655 

57,048,660 

2,050,940 

217,762 

900,454 

59,996 

8,472 

36,013 

632,195 

2,965,584 

190,466 

119,434 

6,093,250 

90,869 


2,922,227  21,841,554 

30,656   514,251 

100      100 


81,849 
8,874 

11,579 

30,927 
979,044 

29,208 
5,724 

22,858 

5,623 

2,809 

283,347 

33,923 


196,264 
156,873 

281,199 
1,545,403 

229,605 
77,329 
87,285 

360,711 
89,132 
67,628 

356,575 


28,291 
540,786 

138,092 
43,048 

2,514 
65,200 


540 


107,141,519  113,895,634  18,190,312  132,085,946 


1,027,214 

362,293 

23,395 

121,516 

6,310,515 

799,628 

103,065 

116,677 

16,094 

85,420 

1,473,185 

337.140 


1,786,620 
276,618 

1,218,271 

2,515,341 
783,872 
135,251 
217,946 

2,506,574 
369,276 
149,730 

1,728,829 


124,333 

1,009,966 

63,976 

308,826 

554,263 

379,229 
242,429 


1,260 


THE   UNITED    STATES. 


11 


The  following  table  exhibits  ike  value  of  the  exports  of  the  growth,  produce  and  manufacture  of  the  Uni- 
ted States,  Jor  tfie  year  ending  September  30th,  1840. 


hewn  tim. 


THE   SEA. 

Fisheries — 

Dried  fish,  or  cod  fisheries,     . 
Pickled    fish,    or    river    fisheries 
(herring,  shad,  salmon,  mackerel) 

Whale  and  other  fish  oil, 

Spermaceti  oil, 

Whalebone, 

Spermaceti  candles, 

THE    FOREST. 

Skins  and  furs, 

Ginseng, 

Products  of  wood — 

Staves,  shingles,  boards, 

Other  lumber, 

Masts  and  spars, 

Oak  bark  and  other  dye 

All  manufactures  of  wood. 
Naval  stores,  tar,  pitch,  rosin  and  tur- 
pentine, 
Ashes,  pot  and  pearl, 

AGRICULTURE. 

Product  of  animals — 

Beef,  tallow,  hides,  horned  cattle, 

Butter  and  cheese, 

Pork,  (pickled,)  bacon,  lard,  live 
hogs, 
Horses  and  mules, 
Sheep, 
Vegetable  food — 

Wheat,    . 

Flour,      . 

Indian  corn,    . 

Indian  meal,    . 

Rye  meal, 

Rye,  oats,  and  other  small  grain, 
and  pulse,    . 

Biscuit,  or  shipbread, 

Potatoes, 

Apples,    .... 

Rice,  .... 
Tobacco,  .... 
Cotton,  .... 
All  other  agricultural  products- 

Flaxseed, 

Hops,      .... 

Brown  sugar,  . 

Indigo,     .... 

MANUFACTURES. 

Soap,  and  tallow  candles, 
Leather,  boots  and  shoes, 
Household  furniture, 
Coaches  and  other  carriages, 
Hats,  .... 

Saddlery, 


$541,058 

179,106 
1,404,984 
430,490 
310,379 
332,353 

1,237,789 
22,728 

1,801,049 

270,933 

29,049 

229,510 

596,305 

602,529 
533,193 


623,373 
210,749 

1,894,894 

246,320 

30,698 

1,635,483 

10,143,615 

338,333 

705,183 

170,931 

113,393 

428,988 

54,524 

55,131 

1,942,076 

9,883,957 

63,870,307 

120,000 

11,235 

45,940 

209 

451,995 
214,360 
295,844 

74,416 
103,398 

59,5171 


Wax, 

Spirits  from  grain,  beer,  ale  and  porter 

Snuff'  and  tobacco, 

Lead, 

Linseed  oil,  and  spirits  of  turpentine, 

Cordage, 

Iron,  pig,  bar  and  nails, 

Castings, 

All  manufactures  of 

Spirits  from  molasses, 

Sugar,  refined 

Chocolate, 

Gunpowder, 

Copper  and  brass, 

Medicinal  drugs, 

Cotton  piece  goods — 

Printed  and  colored, 

White, 

Nankeens, 

Twist,  yarn  and  thread, 

All  other  manufactures  of 
Flax  and  hemp — 

Cloth  and  thread, 

Bags  and  all  manufactures  of 
Wearing  apparel, 
Combs  ana  buttons, 
Brushes,     .... 
Billiard  tables  and  apparatus 
Umbrellas  and  parasols,     . 
Leather  and  morocco  skins  not  sold 

per  pound, 
Printing  presses  and  type, 
Fire  engines  and  apparatus, 
Musical  instruments, 
Books  and  maps, 
Paper  and  stationery, 
Paints  and  varnish,    . 
Vinegar, 

Earthen  and  stone  ware, 
Manufactures  of  glass, 
Tin,  .... 

Pewter  and  lead, 
Marble  and  stone, 
Gold  and  silver,  and  gold  leaf, 
Gold  and  silver  coin, 
Artificial  flowers  and  jewelry, 
Molasses,    .... 
Trunks,      .... 
Brick  and  lime, 
Domestic  salt,     .        .        . 
Articles  not  enumerated — 

Manufactured, 
Other  articles, 


59,685 

$128,330 

813,671 

39,687 

63,348 

43,510 

147,397 

115,664 

841,394 

283,707 

1,214,658 

2,048 

117,347 

86,954 

122,387 

398,977 

2,925,257 

1,200 

31,445 

192,728 

7,114 

1,128 

152,055 

40,299 

12,263 

2,471 

9,654 

19,557 
17,105 

6,317 
12,199 
29,632 
76,957 
34,631 

6,401 
10,959 
56,688 

7,501 
15,296 
.35,794 

1,965 
2,235,073 

9,479 

9,775 

6,607 
16,949 
42,246 

403,496 
740,305 


113,895,634 


The  manufactures  of  the  United  States,  though  inferior  to  its  agriculture  and  its  commerce,  have 
recently  received  much  attention,  and  have  risen  to  great  respectability.  A  large  amount  of  cap- 
ital has  been  invested  in  them,  and  they  not  only  supply  a  great  resource  for  home  consumption, 
but  also,  to  a  considerable  extent  already,  for  exportation. 

This  great  source  of  national  wealth  and  prosperity  has  but  recently  begun  to  be  developed. 
During  the  colonial  state,  and  even  long  after,  there  were  few  manufactures  excepting  those  of  the 
domestic  and  family  kind.  Before  the  revolution,  it  was  the  policy  of  the  mother  country  to  dis- 
courage colonial  manufactures,  and  a  distinguished  statesman  expressed  the  sentiment  of  the  gov- 
ernment when  he  said,  "  that  he  would  not  suffer  America  to  manufacture  a  hob-nail  for  herself, 
if  he  could  prevent  it."    But  the  state  of  things  is  wonderfully  altered  now. 

Home-made  or  family  goods  were  produced  in  1840  to  the  amount  of  $29,023,380. 

The  cotton  manufactories  were  1,240,  with  2,284,631  spindles ;  employed  72,119  persons ;  produced 
articles  to  the  value  of  $46,350,453 ;  and  had  a  capital  employed  of  $51,102,359.  The  woollen 
manufactures  employed  21,342  persons,  produced  goods  to  the  amount  of  $20,696,999,  and  employed 


12  GENERAL   DESCRIPTION   OF 

a  capital  of  $15,765,124  ;  and  paper  manufactures  a  capital  of  $4,745,239.  Hats  and  caps  were 
manufactured  to  the  amount  of  $8,704,342 ;  straw  bonnets  to  the  amount  of  $1,476,505  ;  tanneries, 
&c.  employed  26,018  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $15,650,929  ;  and  saddleries  and  other  leather  manu- 
factories, a  capital  of  $12,881,262  ;  carriages  and  wagons  employed  21,994  persons,  and  produced 
the  value  of  $10,897,887,  and  employed  a  capital  of  $5,551,632;  mills  of  various  kinds  employed 
60,788  persons,  produced  to  the  amount  of  $76,545,246,  and  employed  a  capital  of  $65,858,470. 
Vessels  were  built  to  the  amount  of  $7,016,094.  Furniture  was  made  to  the  amount  of  $7,555,405, 
by  18,003  persons,  and  a  capital  was  employed  of  $6,989,971.  There  were  1,552  printing  offices, 
447  binderies,  138  daily  newspapers,  125  semi  or  tri-weekly,  1,141  weekly,  227  periodicals,  the 
whole  employing  11,523  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $5,873,815.  The  capital  employed  in  the  manu- 
facture of  iron,  was  $20,432,131 ;  in  glass  manufactures,  $2,084,100,  which  produced  articles  to  the 
amount  of  $2,890,293.  The  anthracite  coal  employed  a  capital  of  $4,355,602  ;  and  the  bituminous, 
of  $1,868,862 ;  the  lead,  a  capital  of  $1,346,756.  The  total  amount  of  capital  employed  in  manu- 
factures of  every  kind,  was  $267,726,579. 

The  revenue  of  the  United  States  has  arisen  chiefly  from  customs  on  imports,  and  from  the 
sale  of  the  public  lands.  The  National  Government  has  rarely  resorted  to  direct  taxation.  By 
these  means,  the  government  was  enabled,  January  1st,  1837,  not  only  to  complete  the  payment 
of  the  public  debt,  contracted  during  two  wars  with  Great  Britain,  but  had,  after  reserving  $5,000,000, 
a  surplus  of  $37,468,859,  which,  agreeably  to  an  act  of  Congress  of  June  23d,  1836,  was  mostly 
deposited  with  the  States,  according  to  the  number  of  their  electoral  votes,  liable  to  be  recalled 
in  case  of  necessity,  but  with  little  expectation  probably  that  it  would  ever  be  called  for.  The 
great  expense  of  the  Indian  war  in  Florida,  and  the  diminution  of  the  customs  arising  from  the 
stagnation  of  trade,  have  caused  the  expenses  of  the  government  to  exceed  the  income,  so  that  a 
small  debt  has  been  contracted. 

The  public  lands  have  recently  been  a  great  source  of  revenue.  These  lands  have  been 
ceded  to  the  United  States  by  the  new  States,  or  have  been  derived  from  the  purchase  of 
Louisiana  in  1803,  and  of  Florida  in  1819.  These  lands  are  considered  as  belonging  to  the  native 
tribes  of  Indians  who  inhabit  them,  until  the  title  has  been  regularly  extinguished  by  pur- 
chase and  by  treaty.  When  this  has  been  done,  they  are  surveyed  and  sold  at  a  dollar  25  cents 
the  acre,  as  the  lowest  price.  The  amount  paid  into  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States  in  1839, 
arising  from  the  sale  of  public  lands,  was  $7,076,447.  For  the  first  three  quarters  of  1840,  it  was 
$2,630,217.  By  an  act  of  Congress  of  1841,  it  was  ordered  that  the  amount  of  these  sales  should 
hereafter  be  divided  among  the  States.  The  revenue  for  1840  was  $28,234,512 ;  and  the  ex- 
penditure for  the  civil,  military,  naval,  and  other  expenses,  was  $26,643,656.  The  U.  States  have 
about  100,000,000  acres  of  public  land  surveyed  and  unsold,  and  vastly  more  which  is  not  surveyed. 

The  Mint  of  the  United  States  is  established  at  Philadelphia ;  and  recently,  branches  have 
been  established  at  Charlotte,  North  Carolina ;  Dahlonega,  in  Georgia ;  and  at  New  Orleans, 
Louisiana.  The  Mint  and  its  branches  received  for  coinage,  gold  found  in  the  United  States, 
from  1824  to  1840,  to  the  amount  of  $6,373,025.  The  amount  of  gold,  silver,  and  copper  coins  pro- 
duced at  the  Mint  in  Philadelphia,  in  1840,  was  $2,260,667. 

The  following  table  exhibits  a  general  view  of  the  regular  army  of  the  United  States,  according 
to  the  law  of  1842,  which  consists  of— 

Commissioned  officers    .                                         •  712 

Eight  regiments  of  Infantry,  each  composed  of  non-commissioned  officers,  musicians  and 

privates,  510 4,080 

Four  regiments  of  Artillery,  each  composed  of  non-commissioned  officers,  musicians,  and 

privates,  660 : 2,640 

Two  regiments  of  Dragoons,  each  composed  of  non-commissioned  officers  and  privates,  660  1,320 

Cadets 269 

Total 9,012 

The  following  exhibits  the  reduction  of  officers  and  soldiers  from  the  previous  establishment:— 
1  Com.  General,  2  Surveyors,  10  Assistant  Surgeons,  1  Inspector  General,  6  Military  Store- 
keepers, 3  Paymasters ...  23 

Privates  reduced  in  Infantry  ....                3  152 

"            "             Artillery         ....                .                .....  203 

"        *  "            Dragroons •        .  178 

Whole  reduction ...3  561 

The  principal  reliance  of  the  country  for  defence  is  on  the  Militia  of  the  several  states, 
amounting  in  the  whole,  on  the  21st  November,  1841,  according  to  the  latest  official  returns, 
to  1,587,722,  distributed  among  the  several  states  as  shown  in  the  following  table. 


THE    UNITED    STATES. 


13 


States  and  Territories. 

Date 

of 

return 

No.  of 
militia. 

States  and  Territories. 

Date 
of 

return. 

No.  of 
militia. 

Maine,        .... 

1840 

46,338 

Alabama, 

1840 

44,332 

New  Hampshire, 

1839 

28,762 

Louisiana, 

1830 

L4£08 

Massachusetts, 

1840 

90,857 

Mississippi, 

1838 

36,084 

Vermont, 

1840 

20,307 

Tennessee, 

1830 

72,99 1 

Rhode  Island, 

1840 

4,491 

Kentucky, 

1840 

82,835 

Connecticut, 

1840 

43,176 

Ohio, 

1836 

173,214 

New  York, 

1840 

162,172 

Indiana, 

1833 

53,913 

New  Jersey, 

1829 

39,171 

Illinois, 

1831 

27,386 

Pennsylvania,    . 

1840 

257,178 

Missouri, 

1840 

34,856 

Delaware, 

1827 

9,229 

Arkansas, 

1825 

2,028 

Maryland, 

1839 

46,864 

Michigan, 

1831 

5,476 

Virginia,     .... 

1840 

105,522 

Florida  Ter. 

1831 

2,413 

North  Carolina, 

1838 

65,218 

Wisconsin  Ter. 

1840 

5,223 

South  Carolina, 

1840 

48,817 

Iowa  Ter. 

no  rt'n 

Georgia,     .... 

1840 

57,312 

Dist.  of  Columbia, 

1832 

1,249 

1,587,722 


The  navy  of  the  United  States,  though  not  large  in  comparison  with  those  of  some  other  na- 
tions, is  undoubtedly  the  most  efficient  in  proportion  to  its  size  of  any  in  the  world.  It  con- 
sisted, in  July  1841,  of  11  ships  of  the  line ;  15  frigates  of  the  1st  class ;  2  frigates  of  the  2d 
class ;  21  sloops  of  war ;  4  brigs ;  8  schooners ;  besides  2  steam  frigates,  and  several  smaller 
steam  vessels. 

The  United  States  have  navy-yards  at  the  following  places  :  Portsmouth,  Boston,  New 
York,  Philadelphia,  Washington,  Norfolk,  and  Pensacola. 

There  were  in  the  Navy,  30th  September,  1841,  68  Captains ;  97  Commanders  ;  328  Lieutenants ; 
70  Surgeons ;  57  Assistant  Surgeons  and  Passed  Assistant  Surgeons ;  63  Pursers ;  24  Chaplains  ; 
103  Passed  Midshipmen ;  370  Midshipmen ;  30  Masters. 

There  were  in  December,  1840,  13,638  Post  Offices.  The  revenue  in  1840  was  $4,539,265 ; 
and  the  expenditure  was  $4,759,111. 

The  following  are  the  rates  of  postage  by  mail. 

On  a  single  letter  composed  of  one  piece  of  paper,  for  any  distance  not  exceeding  30  miles,  6  cts. 
Over  30,  and  not  exceeding  80, 10  ct.  Over  80,  and  not  exceeding  150,  12^  cts.  Over  150,  and  not 
exceeding  400,  18$  cts.    Over  400  miles,  25  cents. 

A  letter  composed  of  two  pieces  of  paper,  is  charged  with  double  these  rates ;  of  three,  with 
triple ;  of  four,  with  quadruple.  One  or  more  pieces  of  paper,  mailed  as  a  letter,  and  weigh- 
ing one  ounce,  shall  be  charged  with  quadruple  postage  5  and  at  the  same  rate,  should  the  weight 
be  greater. 

For  each  newspaper  not  carried  out  of  the  State  in  which  it  is  published,  1  cent,  or  if  carried  over 
100  miles  out  of  the  State  in  which  it  is  published,  li  cents. 

Magazines  and  pamphlets,  if  published  periodically,  and  distance  not  exceeding  100  miles,  H 
cents  per  sheet ;  do.  over  100  miles,  2£  cents.  If  not  published  periodically,  and  the  distance 
not  exceeding  100  miles,  4  cents  ;  do.  over  100  miles,  6  cents. 

Every  printed  pamphlet  or  magazine,  which  contains  more  than  24  pages  on  a  royal  sheet,  or 
any  sheet  of  less  dimensions,  shall  be  charged  by  the  sheet ;  and  small  pamphlets,  printed  on  a 
half  or  quarter  of  a  sheet,  of  royal  or  less  size,  shall  be  charged  with  half  the  amount  of  postage 
charged  on  a  full  sheet. 

The  President  of  the  United  States,  and  the  officers  of  the  general  government  at  Washing- 
ton, receive  newspapers  and  letters  free  of  postage. 

The  members  of  both  houses  of  Congress  are  not  charged,  excepting  for  a  letter  or  package 
weighing  over  two  ounces,  when  the  excess  is  charged.  Postmasters  have  also  the  privilege 
of  receiving  newspapers  and  letters  free  of  postage  under  certain  restrictions ;  and  printers  of 
newspapers,  receive  newspapers  without  charge,  with  certain  limitations. 

The  constitution  of  the  United  States  forbids  the  establishment  of  religion  by  law ;  but  every 
person,  who  does  not  interrupt  the  peace  of  society,  is  protected  in  the  exercise  of  his  religion. 
The  voluntary  principle,  as  it  is  sometimes  called,  has  been  found  to  be  more  efficient  than  any 
legal  enactment  for  the  support  of  religious  institutions. 


14 


GENERAL   DESCRIPTION  OF 


The  following  table  exhibits  the  numbers  of  the  different  religious  denominations  in  1840. 

Denominations. 

Churches, 
or  congre- 
gations. 

Ministers. 

Denominations. 

Churches, 
or  congre- 
gations. 

Ministers. 

Baptists, 

44        Freewill, 

44        Seventh  Day, 

44        Six-Principle, 

Catholics, 

Christians, 

Congregationalists, 

Campbellites, 

Dutch  Reformed, 

Episcopalians, 

Friends, 

German  Reformed,    . 

Jews, 

Lutherans, 

6,319 

753 

42 

16 

512 

1,000 

1,300 

197 
950 
500 
600 

750 

4,239 

612 

46 

10 

545 

800 

1,150 

192 
849 

180 

267 

Menonites,         , 

Methodists, 
44        Protestant,    . 

Moravians  or  U.  Brethren, 

Mormonites, 

New  Jerusalem  Church, 

Presbyterians, 

44             Cumberland, 
"             Associate, 
"             Reformed, 
41            A.  Reform'd, 

Shakers, 

Tunkers, 

Unitarians, 

Universalists,     . 

200 

24 

27 

2,807 

500 

183 

40 
214 

15 

40 
200 
653 

3,106 

400 

33 

33 

2,227 
450 
85 
20 
116 
45 
40 
174 
317 

The  people  of  the  United  States,  from  the  first  settlement  of  the  country,  have  been  attentive 
to  the  cause  of  popular  education,  not  only  by  making  provision  for  the  support  of  common 
schools  and  academies,  and  grammar  schools,  but  by  founding  (perhaps  too  many)  higher 
seminaries  of  learning.  In  less  than  20  years  after  the  first  tree  was  felled,  and  the  first  log- 
house  was  erected  in  the  wilderness,  by  the  Pilgrim  Fathers  of  New  England,  Cambridge 
College  was  founded ;  and  the  cause  of  education  has  been,  from  year  to  year,  obtaining  con- 
tinually,  a  stronger  hold  upon  the  community.  A  general  impression  exists  in  the  public  mind, 
that  the  perpetuity  and  prosperity  of  free  institutions,  depends  upon  the  general  intelligence 
of  the  people.  A  particular  reference  to  the  colleges  will  be  found  under  the  states,  and  a 
description  of  them  under  the  towns  where  they  are  located. 

According  to  the  census  of  1840,  there  were  in  the  United  States  173  universities  and  col 
leges,  with  16,233  students  ;  3,242  academies  and  grammar  schools,  with  164,159  students  ;  47,209 
common  and  primary  schools,  with  1,845,244  scholars.  In  the  above  enumeration,  theologi- 
cal and  medical  institutions,  where  they  are  separate  from  colleges,  are  ranked  among  universi- 
ties and  colleges. 

Theological  institutions  for  a  professional  education,  to  succeed  the  collegiate,  have  been  founded 
m  different  parts  of  the  country,  and  by  different  denominations.  They  will  be  described  under 
the  places  where  they  are  located. 

One  of  the  earliest  law  schools  in  the  United  States  was  founded  in  Litchfield,  Conn.,  in  1798,  by 
the  Hon.  Tapping  Reeve,  and  taught  afterwards  by  him,  in  connection  with  the  Hon.  James 
Gould.  At  this  institution  many  of  the  principal  civilians  in  the  country  have  been  educated. 
It  is  now  discontinued.  Others  have  been  established  in  different  places.  An  account  of  them 
will  be  found  under  the  places  where  they  are  located. 

Numerous  medical  institutions  have  been  founded  for  the  education  of  physicians  and  surgeons. 
Many  of  the  students  have  received  an  education  at  some  college ;  but  this  is  not  generally  indis- 
pensable, where  the  acquirements  of  the  candidate  are  respectable,  in  order  to  membership.  They 
will  be  described  under  the  places  where  they  are  located. 

The  government  of  the  United  States  is  that  of  a  confederated  Republic,  formed  by  a  union  of 
states,  each  of  which  has  a  local  government,  for  the  management  of  its  immediate  concerns. 
The  powers  of  the  general  government  are  defined  by  the  constitution,  formed  by  delegates  from 
the  original  states,  submitted  to  the  people,  the  only  acknowledged  sources  of  power,  and  by  them 
adopted  in  state  conventions,  assembled  for  the  purpose.  It  went  into  operation  by  the  election 
and  inauguration  of  Gen.  George  Washington,  as  first  President,  in  1789. 

The  President  of  the  United  States,  who  possesses  the  supreme  executive  power,  is  chosen  for 
the  term  of  4  years,  by  electors  from  each  state,  equal  to  the  whole  number  of  senators  and  repre- 
sentatives in  the  state.  No  person  holding  an  office  of  trust  under  the  government  of  the  United 
States  can  be  an  elector.  The  person  who  has  a  majority  of  all  the  votes,  is  President ;  but  if  no 
one  has  such  majority,  the  House  of  Representatives  choose  a  President  from  3  candidates,  having 
the  greatest  number  of  votes.  In  the  election  of  President,  the  votes  are  given  by  states.  A 
Vice-President  is  chosen  at  the  same  time,  and  in  the  same  form. 

No  person  can  be  elected  as  President,  who  is  less  than  35  years  of  age,  who  is  not  a  native 
born  citizen  of  the  United  States,  or  was  not  a  citizen  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  the  constitu- 
tion, and  who  has  not  been  a  resident  in  the  United  States  for  14  years.    The  same  qualifications 
are  necessary  for  a  candidate  for  the  Vice- Presidency. 
The  President  is  commander-in-chief  of  the  army  and  navy,  and  of  the  militia  when  in  the  actual 


THE  UNITED  STATES.  15 

service  of  the  United  States.  With  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  lie  makes  treaties,  ap- 
points ambassadors,  and  judges  of  the  supreme  court,  and  other  officers  of  the  national  government, 
whose  appointment  is  not  otherwise  provided  for  by  the  constitution.  He  takes  arc  thai  the  laws 
be  executed,  and  commissions  all  officers.  He  has  power  to  grant  reprieves  and  pardons  for  all 
offences  against  the  United  States,  except  in  case  of  impeachments.  In  making  treaties,  the  con- 
currence of  two  thirds  of  the  Senate  is  necessary. 

In  case  of  the  death,  removal,  or  resignation  of  the  President,  the  Vice-President  succeeds  to  the 
duties  of  his  office. 

The  Senate  consists  of  2  members  from  each  state,  chosen  by  the  legislature,  for  the  term  of  6 
years.  One  third  of  the  Senate  is  chosen  every  year.  To  be  eligible  as  a  senator,  a  person  must 
be  not  less  than  35  years  of  age  ;  and  must  have  been  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  for  9  years. 
It  belongs  to  the  Senate  to  try  all  cases  of  the  impeachment  of  the  President  or  Vice-President. 

The  representatives  are  chosen  for  2  years.  No  person  can  be  a  representative  who  is  not  25 
years  of  age,  and  who  has  not  been  for  7  years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States.  The  representa- 
tives are  proportioned  according  to  the  number  of  inhabitants,  and  since  the  census  of  1810,  has 
been  fixed  at  70,680.     In  the  enumeration,  three  fifths  of  the  slaves  are  omitted. 

Congress  has  power  to  lay  and  collect  taxes  ;  to  provide  for  the  common  defence  and  general 
welfare  ;  to  borrow  money  ;  to  regulate  foreign  and  domestic  commerce ;  to  establish  uniform  laws 
of  naturalization  and  bankruptcy  ;  to  coin  money,  and  regulate  its  value ;  to  fix  the  standard  of 
weights  and  measures ;  to  establish  post-offices  and  post-roads ;  to  grant  patent  and  copy-rights  ; 
to  constitute  tribunals  inferior  to  the  supreme  court ;  to  define  and  punish  piracies,  and  offences  on 
the  high  seas,  and  against  the  law  of  nations  ;  to  declare  war,  and  grant  letters  of  marque  and 
reprisal ;  make  rules  respecting  captures ;  raise  and  support  armies  ;  provide  and  maintain  a  navy ; 
provide  for  the  calling  out  of  the  militia,  to  execute  the  laws  of  the  Union,  suppress  insurrections 
and  repel  invasions ;  and  to  exercise  exclusive  jurisdiction  over  the  District  of  Columbia. 

No  member  of  Congress  is  allowed  to  hold  any  office  under  the  Government  of  the  United  States, 
while  he  continues  such.  All  bills  for  raising  money  must  originate  in  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives. 

The  Judicial  power  of  the  United  States  is  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court,  consisting  of  a  Chief  Jus- 
tice, and  8  Associate  Justices  ;  of  9  District  Courts,  consisting  of  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  a 
District  Judge  ;  and  34  District  Courts,  held  by  a  District  Judge  alone ;  from  whose  decisions  there 
is,  in  certain  cases,  an  appeal  to  the  Circuit  Court,  and  from  this  to  the  Supreme  Court.  The  Judges 
hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior ;  and  their  salaries  cannot  be  diminished,  during  their  con- 
tinuance in  office. 

The  Supreme  Court  meets  annually  at  Washington,  on  the  2d  Monday  of  January. 

The  national  existence  of  this  country  commenced  July  4th,  1776,  when  the  delegates  from  the 
states,  in  congress  assembled,  declared  that  "  the  United  States  are,  and  of  right  ought  to  be, 
free  and  independent ;"  but  long  and  arduous  was  the  struggle  by  which  they  made  good  the 
declaration.  With  a  population  of  about  3,000,000,  and  unprovided  with  the  means  of  carrying  on 
a  war  with  one  of  the  most  powerful  nations  in  the  world,  with  stout  hearts,  indomitable  perse- 
verance, and  a  devoted  patriotism,  they  persevered  in  the  contest,  until  complete  success  crowned 
their  exertions. 

There  was  much  in  the  colonial  history  of  the  country,  which  was  well  fitted  to  train  up  its 
inhabitants  for  freedom.  In  their  early  state,  the  colonies  were  much  neglected  by  the  mother 
country,  and  were  left,  in  a  great  measure,  to  manage  their  own  affairs  in  their  own  way  ;  and 
they  were  thus  prepared  to  resist  all  the  encroachments  of  the  mother  country  and  the  royal 
governors,  and  finally  to  assert  their  independence.  The  Indian  and  French  wars  had  trained 
them  extensively  to  military  operations ;  and  some  of  the  colonial  commanding  officers  in  the 
French  war,  had  fought  side  by  side  with  British  officers,  to  whom  they  were  afterwards  opposed 
in  mortal  combat.  The  hero  who  led  the  American  armies  to  victory  and  triumph,  had  received 
the  best  possible  military  education,  by  being  called  to  lead  the  colonial  militia  against  the  French 
at  Fort  du  Quesne,  (now  Pittsburg.)  After  Braddock's  defeat,  he  conducted  the  retreat  of  the 
shattered  forces,  in  a  masterly  manner  ;  and  if  his  advice  had  been  followed  in  time,  the  British 
army  would  not  probably  have  fallen  into  an  ambush,  and  been  defeated.  President  Davies,  then 
a  distinguished  clergyman  in  Virginia,  afterwards  of  Princeton  College,  in  a  sermon  on  this  sub- 
ject, uttered  more  of  a  prophecy  than  he  was  aware  of  when  he  said,  u  that  he  could  not  but  think, 
that  heaven  had  preserved  that  brave  youth,  Col.  Washington,  for  some  signal  service  to  his  coun- 
try." Washington  refused  all  compensation  for  his  arduous  services  in  the  revolutionary  war, 
excepting  his  expenses  of  which  he  kept  an  accurate  account. 

The  following  are  the  principal  battles  of  the  revolution,  with  the  commanders,  and  loss  on  each 
side.  The  war  commenced  with  the  battle  of  Lexington,  April  19th,  1775.  American  loss,  84; 
British  loss,  245.  Bunker  Hm,  June  17th,  1775,  American,  Prescot,  loss,  453  ;  British,  Howe,  1,054. 
Fhibush,  August  12th,  1776,  British,  Howe,  loss,  400;  American,  Putnam  &  Sullivan,  2,000.  White 


16 


GENERAL   DESCRIPTION    OF 


Plains,  October  28th,  1776,  American,  Washington,  3  or  400 ;  British,  Howe,  3  or  400.  Trenton, 
December  25th,  1776,  American,  Washington,  9 ;  British,  Rahl,  1,000.  Princeton,  Jan.  3d,  1777, 
American,  Washington,  100  ;  British,  Mawhood,  400.  Bennington,  August  16th,  1777,  American, 
Stark,  100;  British,  Baum  &  Breman,  600.  Brandy  wine,  September  11th,  1777,  British,  Howe,  500; 
American,'  Washington,  1,000.  Germantown,  October  4th,  1777,  British,  Howe,  600  ;  American, 
Washington,  1,200.  Stillwater,  October  17th,  1777,  American,  Gates,  350  ;  British,  Burgoyne,  600, 
5,752  men  surrendered.  Monmouth,  June  25th,  1778,  American,  Washington,  230  ;  British,  Clinton, 
400.  BJiode  Island,  August  29th,  1778,  American,  Sullivan,  211 ;  British,  Pigott,  260.  Briar  Creek, 
March  30th,  1779,  British,  Prevost,  16 ;  American,  Ash,  300.  Stony  Point,  July  15th,  1779,  American, 
Wayne,  100 ;  British,  600.  Camden,  August  16th,  1780,  British,  Cornwallis,  375  ;  American,  Gates, 
720.  Cowpens,  January  17th,  1781,  American,  Morgan,  72  ;  British,  Tarleton,  800.  Guilford  Court 
House,  March  15th,  1781,  American,  Greene,  400 ;  British,  Cornwallis,  523.  Eutaw  Springs,  Septem- 
ber 8th,  1781,  American,  Greene,  555,  British,  Stewart,  1,000.  The  war  closed  by  the  surrender 
at  York'town,'  by  Cornwallis,  October  19th,  1783,  of  7,073  British  soldiers  to  Washington.  The 
whole  amount  of  the  expenses  of  the  revolutionary  war,  estimated  in  specie,  was  $135,193,703. 

The  following  table  will  show  what  proportion  of  the  war  was  borne  by  the  several  states,  to 
which  the  population  in  round  numbers  in  1790,  is  subjoined. 


States.         Continentals.  Militia.  Pop.  1790. 
New  Hampshire,        12,497 
Mass.  including  Me.,  67,907 
Rhode  Island,  5,908 

Connecticut,  31,959 

New  York,  17,781 

New  Jersey,  10,726 

Pennsylvania,  25,678 


2,093 

141,000 

15,155 

475,000 

4,284 

68,000 

7,792 

235,000 

3,304 

319,000 

6,055 

173,000 

7,357 

431,000 

States.         Continentals.  Militia.  Pop.  1790. 
Delaware, 
Maryland, 
Virginia, 
North  Carolina, 
South  Carolina, 
Georgia, 

Total, 


2,386 

376 

51,000 

13,912 

4,127 

216,000 

26,678 

5,620 

455,000 

7,263 

293,000 

6,417 

133,000 

2,679 

56,163 

53,000 

231,971 

3,043,000 

Vermont,  which  was  not  then  admitted  to  the  Union,  bore  her  full  share  in  the  revolutionary  war. 

Provisional  articles  of  peace  were  signed  in  Paris,  Nov.  30th,  1782,  by  John  Adams,  Benjamin 
Franklin,  John  Jay,  and  Henry  Laurens,  on  the  part  of  the  United  States ;  and  Mr.  Fitzherbert  and 
Mr.  Oswald  on  the  part  of  Great  Britain.  The  definitive  treaty  was  signed  September  30th,  1783. 
The  Independence  of  the  United  States  was  acknowledged  by  Holland,  April  19th,  1782 ;  by 
Sweden,  February  5th ;  by  Denmark,  February  25th ;  by  Spain,  March  24th ;  by  Russia  in  July 
1783,  and  by  Prussia  in  1785. 

On  the  second  Monday  of  May,  1787,  delegates  from  the  several  states  assembled  at  Philadel- 
phia, for  the  purpose  of  forming  a  constitution ;  and  George  Washington  was  appointed  to  preside 
over  them.  On  the  17th  of  September,  after  a  debate  of  4  months,  a  constitution  was  adopted,  sign- 
ed by  all  the  members,  and  sent  to  the  several  states  for  their  approval.  It  was  provided  that  the 
ratification  of  nine  states  should  be  sufficient  for  its  establishment.  It  was  warmly  debated  by 
the  state  conventions,  but  finally  adopted  by  them  all.  (For  the  vote  in  the  several  states,  see  the 
particular  articles  on  the  states.)    In  several  of  the  states  amendments  were  recommended. 

The  adoption  of  the  constitution  forms  a  most  important  era  in  the  history  of  the  United  States, 
and  its  happy  operation  has  perpetuated  the  blessings  secured  by  the  blood  and  treasure  expended 
in  the  revolution.  The  following  history  of  its  adoption  is  extracted  from  Morse's  Geography, 
published  in  1789,  and  written  when  the  event  was  transpiring.    It  deserves  to  be  perpetuated. 

"  In  the  small  state  of  Delaware,  a  convention  was  called  in  November,  which,  after  a  few  days' 
deliberation,  ratified  the  constitution  without  a  dissenting  voice. 

"  In  the  convention  of  Pennsylvania,  held  the  same  month,  there  was  a  spirited  opposition  to  the 
new  form  of  government.  The  debates  were  long  and  interesting.  Great  abilities  and  firmness 
were  displayed  on  both  sides ;  but,  on  the  13th  of  December,  the  constitution  was  received  by  two 
thirds  of  the  members. 

"  In  New  Jersey,  the  convention  which  met  in  December,  were  unanimous  in  adopting  the  con- 
stitution ;  as  was  likewise  that  of  Georgia. 

"  In  Connecticut  there  was  some  opposition ;  but  the  constitution  was,  on  the  9th  of  January, 
1788,  ratified  by  three  fourths  of  the  votes  in  convention,  and  the  minority  peaceably  acquiesced  in 
the  decision. 

"  In  Massachusetts,  the  opposition  was  large  and  respectable.  The  convention,  consisting  of 
more  than  three  hundred  delegates,  were  assembled  in  January,  and  continued  their  debates,  with 
great  candor  and  liberality,  about  five  weeks.  At  length  the  question  was  carried  for  the  constitu- 
tion by  a  small  majority,  and  the  minority,  with  that  manly  condescension  which  becomes  great 
minds,  submitted  to  the  measure,  and  united  to  support  the  government. 

"  In  New  Hampshire,  the  federal  cause  was,  for  some  time,  doubtful.  The  greatest  number  of 
the  delegates  in  convention  were  at  first  on  tho  side  of  the  opposition ;  and  some,  who  might  have 


THE   UNITED   STATES.  17 

had  their  objections  removed  by  the  discussion  of  the  subject,  were  instructed  to  reject  the  constitu- 
tion. An  adjournment  was  therefore  moved  and  carried.  This  gave  the  people  opportunity  to 
gain  a  further  knowledge  of  the  merits  of  the  constitution,  and  at  the  second  meeting  of  the  conven- 
tion, it  was  ratified  by  a  respectable  majority. 

"  In  Maryland,  several  men  of  abilities  appeared  in  the  opposition,  and  were  unremitted  in  their 
endeavors  to  persuade  the  people,  that  the  proposed  plan  of  government  was  artfully  calculated  to 
deprive  them  of  their  dearest  rights ;  yet  in  convention  it  appeared  that  five  sixths  of  the  voices 
were  in  favor  of  it. 

"  In  South  Carolina,  the  opposition  was  respectable ;  but  two  thirds  of  the  convention  appeared 
to  advocate  and  vote  for  the  constitution. 

"  In  Virginia,  many  of  the  principal  characters  opposed  the  ratification  of  the  constitution  with 
great  abilities  and  industry.  But  after  a  full  discussion  of  the  subject,  a  small  majority,  of  a  numer- 
ous convention,  appeared  for  its  adoption. 

"  In  New  York,  two  thirds  of  the  delegates  in  convention  were,  at  their  first  meeting,  determined 
to  reject  the  constitution.  Here,  therefore,  the  debates  were  the  most  interesting,  and  the  event 
extremely  doubtful.  The  argument  was  managed  with  uncommon  address  and  abilities  on  both 
sides  of  the  question.  But  during  the  session,  the  ninth  and  tenth  states  had  acceded  to  the  pro- 
posed plan,  so  that  by  the  constitution,  Congress  were  empowered  to  issue  an  ordinance  for  organ- 
izing the  new  government.  This  event  placed  the  opposition  on  new  ground ;  and  the  expediency 
of  uniting  with  the  other  states— the  generous  motives  of  conciliating  all  differences,  and  the  danger 
of  a  rejection,  influenced  a  respectable  number,  who  were  originally  opposed  to  the  constitution,  to 
join  the  federal  interest.  The  constitution  was  accordingly  ratified  by  a  small  majority  ;  but  the 
ratification  was  accompanied  here,  as  in  Virginia,  with  a  bill  of  rights,  declaratory  of  the  sense  of 
the  convention,  as  to  certain  great  principles,  and  with  a  catalogue  of  amendments,  which  were  to 
be  recommended  to  the  consideration  of  the  new  congress,  and  the  several  state  legislatures. 

44  North  Carolina  met  in  convention  in  July,  to  deliberate  on  the  new  constitution.  After  a  short 
session  they  rejected  it,  by  a  majority  of  one  hundred  and  seventy-six  against  seventy-six.  This 
was  the  first  state  that  had,  in  a  formal  manner,  rejected  the  constitution. 

"  Rhode  Island  was  doomed  to  be  the  sport  of  a  blind  and  singular  policy.  The  legislature,  in 
consistency  with  the  measures  which  had  been  before  pursued,  did  not  call  a  convention,  to  col- 
lect the  sense  of  the  state  upon  the  proposed  constitution  ;  but  in  an  unconstitutional  and  absurd 
manner,  submitted  the  plan  of  government  to  the  consideration  of  the  people.  Accordingly  it  was 
brought  before  town-meetings,  and  in  most  of  them  rejected.  In  some  of  the  large  towns,  particu- 
larly in  Newport  and  Providence,  the  people  collected  and  resolved,  with  great  propriety,  that  they 
could  not  take  up  Jhe  subject ;  and  that  the  proposition  for  embracing  or  rejecting  the  federal  con- 
stitution, could  come  before  no  tribunal  but  that  of  the  state  in  convention  or  legislature." 

(North  Carolina  finally  adopted  the  constitution  in  Nov.  1789  ;  and  Rhode  Island  in  May,  1790.) 

"  From  the  moment  the  proceedings  of  the  general  convention  at  Philadelphia  transpired,  the 
public  mind  was  exceedingly  agitated,  and  suspended  between  hope  and  fear,  until  nine  states  had 
ratified  their  plan  of  a  federal  government.  Indeed,  the  anxiety  continued  until  Virginia  and  New 
York  had  acceded  to  the  system.  But  this  did  not  prevent  the  demonstrations  of  their  joy  on  the 
accession  of  each  state. 

"  On  the  ratification  in  Massachusetts,  the  citizens  of  Boston,  in  the  elevation  of  their  joy,  formed 
a  procession  in  honor  of  the  happy  event,  which  was  novel,  splendid,  and  magnificent.  This  exam- 
ple was  afterwards  followed,  and  in  some  instances  improved  upon,  in  Baltimore,  Charleston,  Phil- 
adelphia, New  Haven,  Portsmouth,  and  New  York,  successively.  '  Nothing  could  equal  the  beauty 
and  grandeur  of  these  exhibitions.  A  ship  was  mounted  upon  wheels,  and  drawn  through  the 
streets ;  mechanics  erected  stages,  and  exhibited  specimens  of  labor  in  their  several  occupations,  as 
they  moved  along  the  road ;  flags  with  emblems,  descriptive  of  all  the  arts  and  of  the  federal  union, 
were  invented  and  displayed  in  honor  of  the  government ;  multitudes  of  all  ranks  in  life  assembled 
to  view  the  majestic  scenes ;  while  sobriety,  joy,  and  harmony,  marked  the  brilliant  exhibitions,  by 
which  the  Americans  celebrated  the  establishment  of  their  Empire." 

The  constitution  was  finally  ratified  by  Congress,  July  14th,  1788.  On  the  first  Wednesday  of 
January,  1789,  electors  of  President  and  Vice-President  were  appointed.  The  electors  met  on  the 
1st  Wednesday  of  February,  1789,  and  George  Washington  was  unanimously  chosen  President, 
and  John  Adams  was  chosen  Vice-President.  Gen.  Washington  was  inaugurated  as  first  Presi- 
dent, on  the  30th  of  April,  1789,  in  the  open  gallery  of  the  old  Federal  Hall  in  New  York,  where 
the  Customhouse  now  stands  ;  and  at  the  conclusion,  the  mass  of  citizens  in  Wall-street,  and  far 
down  Broad-street,  rent  the  air  with  the  hearty  and  universal  shout,  "  Long  live  George  Wash- 
ington !" 

3 


1797 

8  years 

1801 

4   " 

1809 

8   " 

1817 

8   " 

1825 

8   " 

1829 

4   " 

1837 

8   " 

1841 

4   ■ 

18  GENERAL    DESCRIPTION    OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  Presidents  of  the  United  States. 

1.  George  Washington,  of  Virginia,                from     1789        to 

»               2.  John  Adams,  Massachusetts,       "         1797        " 

3.  Thomas  Jefferson,  Virginia,                  "         1801        " 

4.  James  Madison,  Virginia,                  "        1809        " 

5.  James  Monroe,  Virginia,                  "        1817        " 

6.  John  Quincy  Adams,  Massachusetts,       "        1825        " 

7.  Andrew  Jackson,  Tennessee,             "        1829        " 

8.  Martin  Van  Buren,  New  York,              "        1837        " 

9.  William  H.  Harrison,  Ohio ;  died  1  month  after  his  inauguration,  1841. 
10.  John  Tyler,  Virginia,  as  Vice-President,  succeeded,  1841. 

Gen.  Washington  died  suddenly,  at  his  residence  at  Mount  Vernon,  December  14th,  1799,  of  an 
inflammation  of  the  throat,  at  the  age  of  68  years  ;  and  the  nation  everywhere  mourned  for  him,  as 
for  a  father.  Funeral  processions  were  formed,  and  funeral  orations  were  delivered  in  almost 
every  considerable  place  in  the  country ;  and  the  respect  of  the  world  has  added  its  sanction  to 
the  nation's  tears. 

In  1803,  Louisiana  was  purchased  of  the  French,  for  $15,000,000  ;  and  Florida  was  ceded  to  the 
United  States  in  1821  by  Spain,  in  compensation  for  spoliations  on  American  commerce,  for 
$5,000,000. 

On  the  4th  of  June,  1812,  war  was  declared  with  Great  Britain  by  the  American  Congress,  by  a 
vote  in  the  House  of  79  to  49;  and  in  the  Senate  by  a  vote  of  19  to  13.  This  war  continued  with 
varied  success,  until  peace  was  concluded  at  Ghent,  December  24th,  1814,  leaving  the  parties  in 
the  condition  in  which  the  war  was  commenced,  except  the  expenditure  of  money  and  of  life. 

The  original  13  states  that  adopted  the  constitution,  were  New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts, 
Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Maryland,  Vir- 
ginia, North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Georgia.  To  these,  13  new  states  have  been  added  ;  Ver- 
mont in  1791,  Kentucky  in  1792,  Tennessee  in  1796,  Ohio  in  1802,  Louisiana  in  1812,  Indiana  in 
1816,  Mississippi  in  1817,  Illinois  in  1818,  Alabama  in  1819,  Maine  in  1820,  Missouri  in  1821, 
Arkansas  in  1836  Michigan  in  1836. 


A  DESCRIPTIVE  AND  STATISTICAL 

GAZETTEER  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 


ABI 


ACC 


Aaronsburg,  p-v.,  Hains  t.,  Centre  co.,  Pa. 
It  is  at  the  eastern  extremity  of  Penn's  valley, 
near  Penn's  creek,  32  ms.  Bellefonte,  89  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  181  W.  It  contains  a  Lutheran 
church,  2  stores,  80  dwellings,  and  about  450 
inhabitants. 

Aaron's  Run,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Ky.,  65 
E.  Frankfort,  520  W. 

Abbeville  district,  S.C.,  situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state.  It  lies  between  the  Savannah  and 
Saluda  rs.,  drained  principally  by  branches  of  the 
Savannah  r.  ;  the  surface  is  agreeably  diversified, 
well  watered  and  fertile.  Capital,  Abbeville. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  28,642,  sheep 
12,973,  swine  54,939;  wheat  93,104  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  2,445,  Ind.  corn  1,135,834,  oats  104,606, 
potatoes  38,699,  silk  cocoons  266  pounds,  tobacco 
1,200,  cotton  8,526,482 ;  12  for.  com.  houses,  cap. 
$68,000;  16  stores,  cap.  $178,139;  14  distilleries, 
7  tanneries,  10  flouring  m.,  42  grist  m.,  24  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $84,555.  11  acad.  412  stu- 
dents, 50  sch.  1,115  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  28,149; 
1840,  whites  13,880,  slaves  15,148,  free  col'd 
323 ;  total,  29,351. 

Abbeville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Abbeville  district, 
S.  C,  97  w.  Columbia,  259  W.  Situated  on  a  small 
branch  of  Little  r.  in  the  centre  of  the  district. 
It  has  a  court  house,  a  jail,  an  arsenal,  a  maga- 
zine, and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Abbeville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Henry  co.,  Ala., 
211  s.  E.  Tuscaloosa,  837  W.  Situated  on  Yatta- 
yabba  cr. :  has  a  court  house  and  400  inhabitants. 

Abb vville,  p-v  ,  Medina  co.,  O.,  5  Medina,  123 
N.  E.  Columbus,  357  W.  It  has  15  houses,  1  store, 
cap.  $60:!0  ;  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.     Pop.  55. 

Abbot,  p-t.,  Piscatiquis  co.,  Me.,  70  n.  by  e. 
Augusta,  130  n.  by  e.  Portland,  674  W.  The 
Piscatiquis  r.  passes  through  its  centre.  Incorpo- 
rated in  1827.  It  has  12  sch.  314  scholars.  Pop.  661. 

Abbott's  creek,  p-o.,  Davidson  co.,  N.  C. 

Abbot's  Mills,  p-o.,  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn.,  40 
s.  e.  Nashville,  668  W. 

Abbottstown,  p-v.,  Berwick  t.,  Adams  co., 
Penn.,  18  s.  York,  29  s.  Harrisburg,  88  W.  It  is 
on  Beaver  cr.  a  branch  of  the  Conewago  creek. 
It  contains  2  churches,  3  stores,  and  75  dwellings. 

Abel's  Creek,  p-o.,  Arkansas  co.,  Ark.,  84  s.  E. 
Little  Rock,  1,149  W. 

Aberdeen,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Miss.,  168  n.  Jack- 
son, 899  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Tombig- 
bee  r. 

Aberdeen,  p-v.,  Brown  co.,  O.,  123  s.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 460  W.  It  is  on  the  Ohio  r.  opposite 
Maysville,  Ken.,  and  contains  60  dwelling  houses, 
6  stores,  and  various  mechanic  shops. 

Aberfoil,  p-o.,  Macon  co.,  Ala.,  158  s.  e.  Tus- 
caloosa, 830  W. 

Abingdon,  p-v.,  Harford  co.,  Md.,  22  e.  Balti- 
more. 52  n.  E.  Annapolis,  62  W.    It  contains  2 


Methodist  churches,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  120. 

Abingdon,  p-v.,  capital  of  Washington  co.,  Va., 
304  s.  w.  Richmond,  372  W.  Situated  between 
the  2  forks  of  Holston  r.,  7  ms.  from  each.  It 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  4  churches,  2  Presby- 
terian and  2  Methodist,  2  academies,  1  male  and 
1  female,  both  brick  edifices ;  12  stores,  some  of 
them  wholesale,  1  flouring  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2 
cotton  fac,  4  tanneries,  numerous  mechanic 
shops,  200  dwellings,  many  of  them  elegant,  and 
about  1,000  inhabitants.  It  is  a  distributing  post- 
office. 

Abingdon,  p-o.,  Lake  co.,  111.,  243  n.  by  e. 
Springfield,  749  W. 

Abington,  p-t.,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  20  s.  s.  E. 
Boston,  22  n.  w.  Plymouth,  18  n.  n.  e.  Taunton, 
438  W.  It  has  3  Congregational  churches.  There 
were  in  1840  20  stores,  with  a  cap.  of  $27,400 ; 
hardware  and  cutlery  manufac.  $31,533 ;  of  leather 
$621,100.  It  has  1  tannery,  5  grist  m.,  9  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $163,650.  10  sch.  673  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  3,214. 

Abington,  p-v.,  Pomfret  t.,  Windham  co.,  Ct., 
39  e.  by  n.  Hartford,  374  W.  It  has  a  Congrega- 
tional church,  and  several  neat  dwellings. 

Abington,  p-t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  109  e. 
Harrisburg,  149  W.  It  has  a  Presbyterian  and  a 
Friends'  church  ;   2  stores,  with  a  cap.  of  $4,300 ; 

1  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.    Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $11,320.     3  acad.  171  students.     Pop.  1,704. 

Abington,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  la.,  72  e.  Indian- 
apolis, 505  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  the  E. 
fork  of  White  Water  r.    Pop.  923. 

Abington  (Centre,)  p-v.,  Wyoming  co.,  Pa., 
151  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  257  W.  Drained  by  the 
south  branch  of  Tunkhannock  cr.  The  t.  has  5 
stores,  cap.  $10,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  2  grist 
m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,950.  2  acad. 
60  students,  10  sch.  373  scholars.     Pop.  1,770. 

Aboite,  p-t.,  Allen  co.,  la.,  120  n.  n.  e.  Indi- 
anapolis, 555  W.    2  sch.  38  scholars.    Pop.  235. 

Abram's  Creek,  Columbia  co.,  N.  Y.,  is  a 
small  stream  which  falls  into  the  Hudson,  4  ma. 
above  Hudson  city. 

Abram's  Plains,  p-o.,  Granville  co.,  N.  C. 

Abscota,  p-o.,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich..  120  w.  De- 
troit, 578  W. 

Absecum,  v.,  in  Galloway  t.,  Atlantic  co.,  N. 
J.,  95  s.  Trenton,  105  W.     It  is  on  Absecum  cr., 

2  ms.  above  Absecum  Bay.    It  has  1  store,  and  8 
or  10  dwellings. 

Academia,  p-o.,  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  193  e.  Nash- 
ville, 488  W. 

Ac  as  to,  p-o.,  Kane  co.,  HI.,  187  n.  by  e. 
Springfield,  764  W. 

Accomac  county,  Va.  Situated  on  the  east- 
ern shore  of  Chesapeake  Bay  ;  and,  with  North- 
ampton co.  on  the  s.,  it  constitutes  the  "  east- 
ern shore  of  Virginia."    It  contains  480  sq.  ms., 


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and  considerable  fertile  land.  The  soil  is  mostly 
sandy,  and  there  are  several  islands  belonging  to 
it,  in  Chesapeake  Bay.  On  the  n.  w.  is  a  large 
branch  of  the  Chesapeake,  denominated  Poco- 
moke  Bay.  It  is  divided  into  2  Parishes,  Accomac 
parish,  and  St.  George's  parish.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  13,376,  sheep  10,251,  swine 
20,549 ;  wheat  14,479  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
642,682,  oats  453,137,  potatoes  113,3%,  cotton 
4,251  lbs. ;  47  stores,  cap.  $125,059 ;  1  lumber  yard, 
cap.  $1,000 ;  6  tanneries,  49  grist  m.,  1  oil  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $72,921.  26  sch.  751  scholars. 
Pop.  1830,  19,656 ;  1840,  whites  9,518,  slaves 
4,630,  free  col'd  2,  818  ;  total  17,096. 

Accomac,  p-v.,  capital  of  Accomac  co.,  Va., 
193  e.  by  N.  Richmond,  197  W.  It  contains  a 
Methodist  church,  3  stores,  1  tannery,  3  grist  m., 
various  mechanic  shops,  and  about  40  dwellings. 
Accoman,  p-o.,  Accomac  co.,  Va.,  212  e.  by  N. 
Richmond,  178  W. 

Achor,  p-o.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.,  172  n.  e. 
Columbus,  278  W.  The  v.  is  called  Achorstown. 
Acquackan'Onck,  p-t.,  Passaic  co.,  N.  J.,  13 
N.  w.  New  York,  79  n.  e.  Trenton,  236  W.  Sit- 
uated s.  and  w.  of  the  Passaic  r.  Surface  hilly 
and  mountainous  on  the  west,  and  rolling  on  the 
east ;  the  soil  generally  fertile.  The  v.  is  situa- 
ted on  the  w.  bank  of  the  Passaic  r.  at  the  head 
of  sloop  navigation.  It  has  2  Dutch  Reformed 
churches,  several  stores,  and  about  80  dwellings. 
There  are  in  the  t.  8  stores,  cap.  $8,350 ;  1  cotton 
fac,  1,000  spindles,  2  tanneries,  1  brewery,  1 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap  in  manufac.  $73,600.  1 
acad.  34  students,  3  sch.  130  scholars.  Pop.  2,483. 
Acra,  p-v.,  Greene  co.,  N.  Y.,  47  s.  s.  w.  Al- 
bany, 349  W.  It  has  1  Baptist  church,  1  store,  1 
tannery,  and  12  or  15  dwellings. 

Acton,  p-t.,  York  co.,  Me.,  91  s.  w.  Augusta, 
520  W.  It  lies  near  the  head  waters  of  Salmon 
Falls  r.,  by  which  it  is  separated  from  N.  Hamp- 
shire. It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $2,000 ;  2  tanneries,  4 
grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac,  $7,664.  In 
common  schools,  489  scholars.    Pop.  1,401. 

Acton,  t.,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  18  n.  w.  Brat- 
tleboro,  15  n.  Newfane,  about  90  s.  Montpelier. 
The  surface  is  uneven  a*nd  well  watered  by 
brooks,  not  sufficiently  large  for  mill  streams. 
There  is,  however,  1  saw  m.  It  has  4  sch.  51 
scholars.     Pop.  170. 

Acton,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  22  n.  w.  Bos- 
ton, 462  W.  It  has  a  good  soil,  and  Assabet  r. 
passes  through  it.  Incorporated  in  1735.  It  has 
4  stores,  cap.  $4,800  ;  1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m., 
3  saw  m.  <'ap.  in  manufac,  $81,000.  5  sch.  337 
scholars.    Pop.  1,121. 

Acton  Corner,  p-o.,  York  co.,  Me.,  91  s.  w. 
Augusta,  520  W. 

Acworth,  p-t.,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  H.,  46  w.  Con- 
cord, 460  W.  The  soil  is  good,  and  it  has  some 
good  mill  seats  on  Cold  river,  issuing  from  Cold 
pond.  Incorporated  in  1712.  It  has  two  stores, 
cap.  $6,000  ;  1  woollen  fac.  producing  $8,000;  520 
scholars  in  com.  schools.     Pop.  1,450. 

Ada,  p-t.,  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  158  n.  w.  Detroit,  639 
W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of  Grand  r.  The  v.  is 
at  the  junction  of  Thorn-apple  r. 

Adair,  county,  Ky.  A  central,  southern  co., 
and  contains  440  sq.  ms.  Drained  chiefly  by 
Green  r.  and  its  branches,  soil  fertile.  Capital, 
Columbia.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,018, 
sheep  12,263,  swine  31,192;  wheat  27,888  bush, 
produced,  rye  1,164,  Ind.  corn  308,103,  oats 
104,647,  potatoes  12,708,  tobacco  1,030,116 
pounds,  cotton  8,806,  sugar  24,705 ;  10  stores, 
cap.  $39,375  ;  10  tanneries,  19  distilleries,  5  flour- 
ing m.,  19  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$32,304.    1 1  sell.  212  scholars.     Pop.  1830,  8,220 ; 


1840,  whites  6,769,  slaves   1,605,  free  col'd  92  ; 
total  8,466. 

Adair,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the  n.  part  of 

the  state,  and  contains  567  sq.  ms.    It  is  drained  by 

Chariton  r.  Capital,  Hopkinsville.  Erected,  1S40. 

Aoairs,  p-o.,  Natchitoches  par.,  La. 

Adairsvillk,  p-o.,  Cass  co.,  Ga.,  156   n.  w. 

Milledgeville,  63  W. 

Adairsville,  p-v.,  Logan  co.,  Ky.,  10  s.  w. 
Russelvilie,  182  s.  w.  Frankfort,  706  W. 

Adams,  tape,  the  s.  point  of  land  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Columbia  r.,  on  the  Pacific  A  sand  bar 
5  ms.  across,  extends  from  it  to  within  a  mile  of 
Cape  Disappointment,  which  is  7  ms.  distant  in  a 
n.  w.  direction.  When  the  wind  blows  from  the 
w.,  this  sand  bar  is  covered  with  dangerous  break- 
ers. The  cape  is  low,  and  thinly  wooded,  and  is 
in  46°  17'  n.  lat.,  46©  50'  w.  Ion.  from  W.  With- 
in Cape  Disappointment,  the  U.  S.  sloop  of  war 
Peacock,  belonging  to  the  Exploring  Expedition, 
was  stranded  and  lost,  July  18th,  1841. 

Adams,  county,  Penn.,  lies  in  the  south  part  of 
the  state.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  the  soil  is 
fertile.  It  contains  528  sq.  ms.,  and  the  waters 
flow  into  the  Susquehanna  and  the  Potomac 
Capital,  Gettysburg.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  19,343,  sheep  19,140,  swine  31,583; 
wheat  216,606  bush,  produced,  rye  88,561,  Ind. 
corn  290,724,  buckwheat  5,404,  barley  1,666, 
oats  274,960,  potatoes  69,915,  171  pounds 
silk  cocoons;  59  stores,  cap.  $217,800;  2 lumber 
yards,  cap.  1,070;  3  furnaces,  3  fulling  m.,  5  wool- 
len fac,  28  tanneries,  18  distilleries,  2  breweries, 
8  potteries,  42  flouring  m.,  40  grist  m.,  76  saw  m., 
4  oil  m.,  5  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  5  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $188,020.  2  col- 
leges, 190  students,  1  acad.  42  students,  97  sch. 
4,065  scholars.     Pop.  23,044. 

Adams,  s.  w.  county,  Miss.,  is  bounded  on  the 
w.  by  the  Mississippi.  Contains  440  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  moderately  hilly,  excepting  bottoms  on 
the  rivers,  and  the  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Cap- 
ital, Natchez.  There  were  in  1810,  neat  cattle 
22,033,  sheep  4,741,  swine  4,553;  Ind.  corn 
196,569  bush,  produced,  oats  13,843,  potatoes 
51,701,  cotton  20,292,470  pounds  ;  7  commercial 
and  11  com.  houses,  cap.  $365,000;  112  stores, 
cap.  $1,290,010  ;  6  lumber  yards,  cap.  $110,000 ;  4 
saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  2  dail  y ,2  week- 
ly, and  1  semi-weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac $164,100;  1  college,  90  students,  7  acad. 
311  students,  13  sch.  269  scholars.  Pop.,  whites 
5,010,  slaves  14,241,  free  col'd  283 ;  total  19,434. 
Adams,  county,  O.,  in  the  s.  part  of  the  state, 
on  the  Ohio  r.  Contains  550  sq.  ms.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly,  and  the  soil  various.  Watered  by 
Brush  cr.,  along  which  is  iron  ore.  Capital,  West 
Union.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  17,839, 
sheep  20,550,  swine  17,470;  wheat  136,292 
bush,  produced,  rye  177,  Ind.  corn  211,049, 
barley  214,  oats  102,545,  potatoes  7,806,  sugar 
32,510  pounds  ;  52  stores,  cap.  $76,482  ;  2  furna- 
ces, 6  tanneries,  6  flouring  m.,  10  grist  m.,  10  saw 
m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  printing  office.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$21,971.    10  sch.  284  scholars.    Pop.  13,183. 

Adams,  county,  la.  In  the  e.  part  of  the  state, 
bounded  e.  by  the  state  of  Ohio.  Contains  336 
sq.  ms.  Organized  in  1836.  St.  Mary's  r.  flows 
through  the  n.  and  Wabash  through  the  s.  part. 
Capital,  Decatur.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  2,194,  sheep  338,  swine  4,319 ;  wheat 
3,948  bush,  produced,  rye  147,  Ind.  corn  36,688, 
buckwheat  509,  oats  4,577,  potatoes  7,907,  to- 
bacco 120  pounds,  sugar  15,588;  3  stores,  cap. 
$3,400  ;  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$3,500.  3  sch.  35  scholars.  Pop.  2,264. 
Adams,  county,  111.,  in  the  w.  part  of  the  state, 


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Tts  waters  flow  into  the  Mississippi  and  Illinois. 
Contains  768  sq.  ms.  Capital,  Quiney.  There 
were  in  1940,  neat  cattle  19,312,  .sheep  13,093, 
swine  49,391;  wheat  143,863  bush,  produced, 
rye  297,  Ind.  corn  721,565,  buckwheat  1,197, 
barley  1,280,  oats  154,577,  potatoes  61,013,  to- 
bacco 7,269  pounds,  sugar  1,810;  56  stores,  cap. 
$185,280;  4  com.  houses,  cap.  $9,000;  1  lum- 
ber yard,  cap.  $6,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2  breweries,  4  flour- 
ing m.,  14  grist  m.,  24  saw  m.,  4  printing  offices, 
1  bindery,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $163,419.  1  acad.  60  students,  101  sch.  2,724 
scholars.     Pop.  14,476. 

Adams,  p-t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  20  n.  Pitts- 
field,  40  K.  Albany,  132  w.  n.  w.  Boston,  392  W. 
It  is  a  valuable  township,  and  contains  2  post  vil- 
lages, 5  or  6  ms.  apart,  each  of  which  contains  3 
churches.  The  N.  village  contains  1  Congrega- 
tional, 1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist ;  the  s.  village,  1 
Baptist,  1  Friends,  and  1  free  to  all  denominations. 
In  the  n.  village  is  a  bank,  with  a  cap.  of  $200,000. 
Hoosack  river  passes  through  the  town,  and  affords 
an  extensive  water  power,  which  has  been  em- 
ployed in  manufactures.  There  were  in  1840, 18 
stores,  with  a  cap.  of  $25,890 ;  14  cotton  manufac- 
tories, with  18,320  spindles,  1  dyeing  and  printing 
establishment,  the  whole  producing  articles  to  the 
amountof  $481, 107,  employing  a  cap.  of  $316,000; 
1  furnace,  5  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m. 
Manufactures  of  leather,  $12,200.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac.  $488,900.  1  acad.  45  students,  18  sch.  735 
scholars.     Pop.  3,703. 

There  is  a  natural  bridge  in  this  town  over  Hud- 
son's brook,  a  branch  of  Hoosack  r.,  which  is  a 
great  curiosity.  The  stream  has  worn  a  channel 
from  30  to  60  feet  deep,  and  30  rods  in  length,  in 
a  body  of  white  marble  or  limestone,  leaving,  in 
one  place,  a  natural  bridge,  12  or  15  feet  long,  10 
feet  wide,  and  60  feet  above  the  surface  of  the 
stream.  Saddleback  mountain  is  between  this 
town  and  Williamstown,  but  mostly  in  this  town. 
The  highest  peak,  denominated  Gray  lock,  is  3,600 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

The  remains  of  old  fort  Massachusetts  are  still 
to  be  seen,  on  the  N.  end  of  Saddle  mountain, 
erected  as  a  defence  against  the  savages. 

Adams,  p-t.,  Jefferson  co.,  N.  Y.,  162  n.  w.  Al- 
bany, 403  W.,  situated  on  both  sides  of  Sandy  cr., 
where  there  is  a  fall  of  15  feet,  producing  a  good 
water  power.  It  has  10  stores,  cap.  $32,200 ;  1  ful- 
ling m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  3 
saw  m.,  1  tannery,  and  1  brewery ;  15  com.  sch. 
with  581  scholars.  Pop.  2,966.  The  v.  has  120 
dwelling  houses,  1  Presbyterian,  and  1  Methodist 
church,  and  a  seminary  for  young  ladies. 

Adams,  t.,  Coshocton  co.,  O.,  on  the  n.  side  of 
Tuscarawas  r.  It  contains  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m., 
and  1  distillery  ;  1  sch.,  with  25  scholars.    Pop.  838. 

Adams,  t.,  Guernsey  co.,  O.,  5  ms.  w.  of  Cam- 
bridge. The  national  road,  and  Crooked  cr.  pass 
through  the  s.  E.  corner.     Pop.  867. 

Adams,  t.,  Henry  co.,  O.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,000.  2  sch.,  34  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  188. 

Adams,  t.,  Washington  co.,  O.,  on  the  Musking- 
um r.     It  has  6  sch.,  with  200  scholars.  Pop.  792. 

Adams,  t.,  in  the  n.  part  of  Seneca  co.,  O.  Drain- 
ed by  Green  cr.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $5,000. 
Pop.  1,250. 

Adams,  t.,  Allen  co.,  O.  2  sch.  35  scholars. 
Pop.  363. 

Adams,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  O.,  drained  centrally  by 
Sunfish  cr.    It  contains  22  sq.  ms.     Pop.  898. 

Adams  t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.,  watered  by  Wills' 
cr.  and  the  Muskingum  r.     Pop.  988. 

Adams,  t.,  Dark  co.,  O.,  3  ms.  from  Greenville, 


the  co.  seat.     It  is  watered  by  Greenville  and 
Panther  rare.    Top.  tiff, 

Adams,  t.,  Champaign  co*,  (>.,  10  ms.  n.  w.  Ur- 
bainui.  It  is  drained  by  Stony  and  Tawawacrs.; 
has  1  store,  cap.  $1,200;  1  tannery,  2  saw  m. ;  5 
sch.  93  scholar!.     Top.  970. 

Adams,  p-t.,  Hillsdale  »  o.,  Mich.,  93  s.  w.  De- 
troit, 533  W.  It  has  2  saw  m.,  and  emptor*  a 
manufacturing  cap.  of  $3,000  ;  4  sch.  174  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  331. 

Adams,  p-t.,  Decatur  co.,  la.,  54  s.  K.  by  E.  In- 
dianapolis, 557  W. 

Adams,  t.,  Hamilton  co.,  la.     Pop.  512. 

Adams,  p-o.,  Irwin  co.,  Ga.,  97  s.  Milledgeville, 
761  W. 

Adams  Basin,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y.,  230  w. 
Albany,  379  W.  Situated  on  the  Erie  canal.  It 
has  1  church,  1  store,  2  saw  m.,  and  25  dwellings. 

Adamsburg,  p-v.,  Hempfield  t.,  Westmoreland 
co.,  Pa.,  183  w.  Harrisburg,  209  W.  The  road 
from  Greensburg  to  Pittsburg  passes  through  it. 
It  contains  4  stores,  1  grist  m.,  and  30  dwellings. 

Adams  Centre,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  N.  Y.,  162 
N.  w.  Albany,  403  W. 

Adams'  Mills,  p-v.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.,  61  E. 
Columbus,  346  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  Ohio  ca- 
nal, 6  n.  e.  Dresden.  It  has  1  store,  a  warehouse, 
a  large  flouring  mill,  supplied  with  water  from  the 
canal,  and  a  few  other  buildings. 

Adams'  Mills,  p-o.,  Pulaski  co.,  Ky.,  12  Som- 
erset, 76  s.  by  E.  Frankfort,  587  W. 

Adamstown,  p-v.,  Cocalico  t.,  Lancaster  co., 
Pa.,  23  n.  N.  E.  Lancaster,  47  Harrisburg,  136  W 
It  contains  25  or  30  buildings,  including  dwellings, 
stores,  <fec. 

Adamsville,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Ms.,  104  w.  by 
n.  Boston,  414  W. 

Adamsville,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  N.  Y.,  in 
the  town  of  Kingsbury,  58  N.  Albany,  430  W. 

Adamsville,  p-o.,  Somerset  co.,  N.  J.,  35  n. 
Trenton,  206  W. 

Adamsville,  p-o.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  252  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  302  W. 

Adamsville,  p-v.,  Ontwa  t.,  Cass  co.,  Mich., 
172  w.  by  s.  Detroit,  617  W.  It  lies  on  both  sides 
of  Christiana  r.,  has  1  flouring  ra.,  1  saw  m.,  and  2 
stores. 

Adamsville,  p-v.,  McNairy  co.,  Tenn.,  133  s. 
w.  Nashville,  815  W. 

Adamsville,  p-v.,  Marlborough dist.,  S.  C,  114 
e.  n.  e.  Columbus,  402  s.  s.  w.  W. 

Adamsville,  p-o.,  Cass  co.,  Ga.,  157  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  653  W. 

Adamsville,  p-o.,  Panola  co.,  Miss.,  184  n. 
Jackson,  922  W. 

Addison,  county,  Vt.,  on  the  west  side  of  the 
state,  lies  on  Lake  Champlain.  It  was  organized 
in  1787,  and  contains  about  700  sq.  ms.  The  sur- 
face is  mostly  level  near  the  lake,  but  becomes 
hilly  and  mountainous  towards  the  e.  The  land 
in  the  lake  towns  is  of  a  superior  quality,  and  in 
the  hilly  parts  is  well  adapted  to  grazing.  It  is 
watered  chiefly  by  Otter  cr.,  and  its  tributaries. 
This  is  the  longest  r.  in  Vt.,  and  has  several  sets 
of  falls,  which  afford  the  finest  water  power ;  and 
it  is  navigable  for  sloops,  7  ms.  to  Vergennes. 
Lake  Champlain  has  some  good  harbors  in  this 
county,  and  affords  great  commercial  advantages. 
A  quarry  of  beautiful  white  statuary  marble  is 
found  at  Middlebury,  and  is  extensively  wrought. 
Capital,  Middlebury.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  39,718,  sheep  261,010,  swine  14,305 ;  wheat 
31,322  bush,  produced,  rye  11,427,  Ind.  corn 
95,304,  buckwheat  7,219,  barley  255,  oats  141,794, 
potatoes  440.079,  silk  cocoons  299  pounds,  sugar 
132,013;  70  stores,  cap.  $347,600 ;  2  lumber  yards, 
cap.  $18,000 ;   1  furnace,  8  forges,  20  fulling  m..  7 


AGA 


22 


ALA 


woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fee.  3,860  sp.,  22  tanneries, 
3  potteries,  1  glass  fac,  17  grist  m.,  63  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.,  1  paper  fac,  3  printing  offices,  2  binderies, 

1  periodical,  3  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  man- 
ll/ac  $37,375.  1  college,  62  students,  5  acad.  134 
students,  177  sen.  6,449  scholars.    Pop.  23,583. 

Addison,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  (p-o.  Addi- 
son Point,)  138  ms.  e.  by  N.  Augusta,  720  W  Con- 
tains 3  stores,  cap.  $6,000 ;  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m., 

2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,350.  6  sch.  450 
scholars.     Pop.  1,053. 

Addison,  p-t.,  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  12  w.  n.  w. 
Middlebury,  72  s.  w.  Montpelier,  483  W.,  situated 
on  Lake  Champlain,  opposite  Crown  Point,  N.  Y. 
The  lake  is  here  3  miles  broad.  Settled  in  1770. 
Otter  cr.  passes  into  the  town,  and  Mill  and  Pike, 
small  rs.,  enter  into  Lake  Champlain.  The  surface 
is  level  and  the  soil  good.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$7,000;  1  fulling  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. ;  10  sch. 
260  scholars.      Pop.  1,232. 

Addison,  p-t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  18  s.  Bath, 
227  w.  by  s.  Albany,  292  W.  It  is  watered  by 
Canisteo  and  Tuscarora  crs.,  the  former  of  which 
is  navigable  for  boats.  The  land  is  broken,  and 
the  soil  is  poor.  It  furnishes  sandstone,  which 
is  manufactured  into  grindstones.  It  has  2  saw 
rn.,  1  fulling  m.,  2  stores,  cap.  $13,000 ;  a  printing 
office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$14,490.  1  acad.  120  students,  10  sch.  463  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  1,920. 

Addison,  p-t.,  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  ou  the  Youghi- 
ogheny  r.,  153  s.  w.  Harrisburg,  170  W.  10  stores, 
cap.  $23,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  3  distilleries, 

1  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,500. 

2  schools,  30  scholars.     Pop.  1,301. 

Addison,  p-t.,  Gallia  co.,  O.,  107  s.  by  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 354  W.  It  lies  on  the  Ohio  r.  a  few  miles 
above  Gallipolis.  It  has  3  tanneries,  1  grist,  m.,  2 
saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,425.     Pop.  692. 

Addison,  t.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  has  1  store,  cap. 
$6000 ;  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $10,000.  5  sch.  125  scholars.    Pop.  537. 

Adelfhia,  p-v.,  Ross  co.,  O.,  67  s.  w.  Colum- 
bus, 412  W :  in  Colraine  township,  n.  e.  corner 
of  the  co.,  on  the  N.  fork  of  Salt  cr.     It  contains 

3  stores  and  about  30  dwellings. 
Adirondack  Mountains,  a  name  recently 

given  to  a  cluster  of  mountains  in  the  state  of 
.New  York,  s.  w.  of  Lake  Champlain.  These 
mountains  are  little  inferior  in  height,  to  the  White 
Mountains  in  N.  H.    (See  New  York,  state  of.) 

Adrian,  p-t.,  capital  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich., 
opposite  the  junction  of  Beaver  creek  with  the 
Kaisin  r.  67  Detroit,  501  W.  It  has  3  churches, 
1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist,  the 
two  former  of  which  are  elegant  buildings.  It 
is  one  of  the  most  flourishing  towns  in  the  state, 
and  has  27  stores,  cap.  $116,800 ;  3  grist  m.,  6  saw 
m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers ;  16 
schools,  671  scholars.  Pop.  2,496.  A  railroad  be- 
tween this  place  and  Toledo  was  opened  in  1836. 

Adriance,  p-o.,  Dutchess  co.,  N.  Y.,  98  s.  Al- 
bany, 358  W.  It  is  in  the  town  of  Fishkill,  and 
settlement  of  Hopewell. 

Agamenticus  Mountain,  in  York  co.,  Me., 
4  miles  from  the  ocean,  673  feet  above  tide  water, 
a  famous  landmark  for  seamen. 

Agawam,  p-v.,  West  Springfield  t,  Hampden 
co.,  Mass..  98  w.  Boston.  358  W.    Situated  on 


the  w.  side  of  the  Connecticut,  just  below  the 
entrance  of  Westfield  r.  It  has  2  churches,  1 
Baptist  and  1  Congregational,  several  stores,  man- 
ufactories, and  dwellings. 

Agnews  Mills,  p-o.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  220  n. 
w  Harrisburg,  274  W. 

Ai,  p-o.,  Grant  co.,  la.,  60  n.  by  e.  Indianapolis, 
568  W. 

Aiken,  p-v.,  Barnwell  dist.,  S.  C,  77  s.  by  w 
Columbia,  590  W. 

Aischum  co.,  Mich.,  in  the  n.  western  part  of 
the  state,  contains  576  square  miles,  drained  by 
the  Notipekago  and  branches  of  the  Manistee 
rivers :  (unorganized.) 

Aid,  t.,  Lawrence  co.,  O.,  15  Burlington,  the 
county  seat.  Watered  by  the  branches  of  Sy  mmes 
cr.     It  has  3  schools  and  78  scholars.     Pop.  609. 

Air,  t.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous with  fertile  valleys,  drained  by  Big  Cove 
cr.  It  contains  1  store,  cap.  $4,000 ;  1  fulling  m., 
1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  2  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m., 

3  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $21,785.   Pop.  1,453. 
Air  Mount,  p-o.,  Clarke  co.,  Ala.,  118  s.  Tus- 
caloosa, 930  W. 

Airy  Grove,  p-v.,  Lenoir  co.,  N.  C,  88  w. 
Raleigh,  310  W. 

Akron,  p-v.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y.,  268  w.  Albany, 
388  W.  It  is  situated  on  Muddy  cr.,  and  con- 
tains 2  churches,  3  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1 
clothiers'  works,  and  50  dwellings.  Pop.  about  300. 

Akron,  p-v.,  Portage  t.,  capital  of  Summit  co., 
O.,  at  the  junction  of  the  Ohio  and  Erie  and  the 
Ohio  and  Pennsylvania  canals,  38  s.  Cleveland, 
1 16  w.  Pittsburg,  123  n.  e.  Columbus,  321  W.  By 
a  succession  of  locks  at  Akron,  the  Ohio  and  Erie 
canal  rises  suddenly  to  the  Portage  summit,  and 
presents  many  picturesque  views.  The  Little  Cu- 
yahoga r.  and  the  waste  water  of  the  canal  afford 
extensive  water  power ;  and  so  great  is  the  de- 
scent, that  it  is  used  several  times  over.  By  means 
of  another  canal,  the  water  of  the  Great  Cuya- 
hoga r.  is  brought  along  a  ridge  of  high  land  in 
the  north  part  of  Akron,  by  which  a  great  water 
power  is  produced.  Akron  is  a  place  of  great 
activity  in  business,  and  has  an  extensive  trade. 
It  contains  a  court  house  and  jail  of  stone,  5 
churches,  1  Baptist,  1  Episcopal,  1  Presbyterian, 
1  Methodist,  and  1  Universalist.  It  has  4  com- 
mission houses,  cap.  $4,500;  30  retail  stores, 
cap.  $64,850 ;  4  furnaces,  4  fulling  m.,  5  wool- 
len factories,  1  powder  m.,  4  flouring  m.,  1  grist 
m.,  1  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  and  3  weekly 
newspapers.  Capital  in  manufactures  $153,750. 
The  village  of  Akron  has  1  academy,  9  students, 
6  schools,  269  scholars.  Pop.  1,665 ;  Portage  t. 
exclusive  of  Akron,  718. 

Alabama  River,  is  formed  by  the  junction  of 
the  Coosa  and  the  Tallapoosa,  and  flowing  s.  s. 
w.  it  unites  with  the  Tombigbee,  48  ms.  above 
Mobile  Bay,  and  after  the  junction,  has  the  name 
of  Mobile  r.  From  the  junction,  60  miles  to  Clai- 
borne, it  is  navigable  at  all  seasons,  for  vessels 
requiring  6  feet  of  water.  From  Claiborne,  150 
ms.,  to  the  mouth  of  the  Cahawba,  the  river  has 

4  or  5  feet  of  water.  From  the  mouth  of  the  Ca- 
hawba to  the  junction  of  the  Coosa  and  Talla- 
poosa, its  head  branches,  the  river  affords,  in  all 
places,  3  feet  of  water.  The  river  is  subject  to 
great  changes  by  rising  and  falling. 


ALABAMA. 

Alabama,  one  of  the  southern  United  States,  is  bounded  on  the  n.  by  Tennessee  ;  E.by  Georgia; 
8  by  Florida,  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico;  and  w.  by  Mississippi.  It  is  between  30°  10'  and  35°  n. 
lat.,  and  between  85°  and  88°  30/  w.  Ion.,  and  between  8°  and  11°  30'  w.  Ion.  from  W.  It  is  317 
miles  long  from  n.  to  s.,  and  174  broad  from  E.  to  w.    It  contains  46,000  sq.  miles,  or  28,160,000 


ALA 23 ALA 

acres.  The  population  in  1810  was  less  than  10,000;  in  1816,  20,083;  in  1818,  70,544;  in  1820, 
127,901;  in  1827,  244,041;  in  1830,  308,997;  in  1840.  590,756,  of  whom  253,532  were  slaves.  Free 
white  males,  176,692  ;  do.  females,  158,493 ;  free  colored  males,  1,030 ;  do.  females,  1,009.  Employed 
in  agriculture,  177,439;  in  commerce,  2,212;  in  manufactures  and  trades,  7,195;  navigating  the 
ocean,  256;  do.  canals,  rivers,  &c,  758 ;  mining,  96;  learned  professions,  1,514.  It  to  divided  into 
49  counties,  which,  with  their  population  in  1840,  and  their  capitals,  were  as  follows  i  Northern 
District. — Benton,  14,260,  Jacksonville ;  Blount,  5,570,  Blountsville;  Cherokee,  8,773,  Jeffer- 
son; De  Kalb,  5,929,  Lebanon;  Fayette,  6,942,  Fayette  c.  h. ;  Franklin,  14,270,  Russellville ; 
Jackson,  15,715,  Bellefonte;  Lauderdale,  14,485,  Florence;  Lawrence,  13,313,  Moulton ;  Lime- 
stone, 14,374,  Athens ;  Madison,  25,706,  Huntsville ;  Marion,  5,847,  Pikeville ;  Marshall,  7,553, 
Warrenton;  Morgan,  9,841,  Somerville;  Randolph,  4,973,  McDonald;  St.  Clair,  5,638,  Ashvilhs 
Talladega,  12,587,  Talladega. — Southern  District. — Autauga,  14,342,  Kingston;  Baldwin,  2,951; 
Blakeley;  Barbour,  12,024,  Clayton;  Bibb,  8,284,  Centreville;  Butler,  8,685,  Greenville; 
Chambers,  17,333,  Lafayette;  Clarke,  8,640,  Macon;  Conecuh,  8,197,  Sparta;  Coosa,  6,995, 
Rockford;  Covington,  2,425,  Montezuma;  Dale,  7,397,  Daleville;  Dallas,  25,199,  Cahawba; 
Greene,  24,024,  Erie;  Henry,  5,787,  Abbeville ;  Jefferson,  7,131,  Elyton;  Lowndes,  19,539, 
Haynesville;  Macon,  11,247,  Tuskegee ;  Marengo,  17,264,  Linden;  Mobile,  18,741,  Mobile; 
Monroe,  10,680,  Monroeville  ;  Montgomery,  24,574,  Montgomery  ;  Perry,  19,086,  Marion ;  Pick- 
ens, 17,118,  Carrolton;  Pike,  10,108,  Troy;  Russell,  13,513,  Crocketsville;  Shelby,  6,112,  Co- 
lumbiana ;  Sumter,  29,937,  Livingston ;  Tallapoosa,  6,444,  Dadeville ;  Tuscaloosa,  16,583  Tus- 
caloosa; Walker,  4,032,  Jasper;  Washington,  5,300,  Barryton;    Wilcox,  15,278,  Barboursville. 

The  southern  part  of  this  state  which  borders  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  for  the  space  of  50  or  60 
miles,  is  low  and  level,  covered  with  pine,  Cyprus,  and  loblolly.  In  the  middle  it  is  hilly,  inter- 
spersed with  prairies ;  in  the  north  it  is  broken  and  somewhat  mountainous.  The  soil  in  the 
southern  part  of  the  state  is  generally  sandy  and  barren,  but  throughout  a  large  part  it  is  excellent. 
In  the  northern  and  middle  sections,  the  natural  growth  is  post,  black  and  white  oak,  hickory,  poplar, 
cedar,  chestnut,  pine,  mulberry,  &c.  The  Alleghany  mountains  terminate  in  the  n.  e.  section  of 
this  state,  sinking  here  to  elevated  lulls.  The  climate  in  the  southern  part,  and  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
bottom  land  on  the  rivers,  and  near  the  muscle  shoals  in  the  Tennessee  river,  is  unhealthy ;  but  in 
the  more  elevated  portions  it  is  salubrious.  The  winters  are  mild,  the  streams  being  rarely  frozen, 
and  the  heat  of  summer  is  tempered  by  refreshing  breezes  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Cotton  is  the  staple  production  of  the  state ;  but  Indian  corn,  rice,  wheat,  oats,  &c.,  are  produced. 
Iron  ore  is  found  in  various  parts  of  the  state,  and  coal  abounds  on  the  Black  Warrior  and  Cahawba 
rivers. 

There  were  in  this  state  in  1840,  143,147  horses  and  mules ;  668,018,  neat  cattle ;  163,243  sheep ; 
1,423,873  swine  ;  poultry  to  the  value  of  $404,994.  There  were  produced  828,052  bushels  of  wheat ; 
7,692  of  barley;  1,406,353  of  oats ;  51,008  of  rye;  20,947,004  Indian  corn;  220,353  pounds  of 
wool ;  25,226  of  wax ;  1,708,356  bushels  of  potatoes ;  12,718  tons  of  hay  ;  273,302  pounds  of  tobacco, 
149,019  of  rice,  117,133,823  of  cotton,  1,592  of  silk  cocoons,  10,143  of  sugar.  The  products  of  the 
dairy  were  valued  at  $265,200 ;  and  of  the  orchard,  $55,240 ;  of  lumber,  $169,008.  There  were 
made  177  gallons  of  wine. 

The  exports  of  this  state  in  1840,  amounted  to  $12,854,694 ;  and  the  imports  to  $574,651.  There 
were  51  commercial  and  101  commission  houses  engaged  in  foreign  trade,  with  a  capital  of  $3,355,012 ; 
899  retail  dry  goods  and  other  stores,  with  a  capital  of  $5,642,885 ;  73  persons  employed  in  the  lum- 
ber trade,  and  a  capital  of  $1,800 ;  49  persons  engaged  in  internal  transportation,  who  with  57 
butchers,  packers,  &c,  employed  a  capital  of  $93,370. 

Home-made  or  family  manufactures  amounted  to  $1,656,119.  There  were  14  cotton  manufac- 
tories, with  1,502  spindles,  employing  82  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $17,547,  and 
employing  a  capital  of  $35,575 ;  1  furnace  producing  30  tons  of  cast  iron,  and  5  forges,  producing  75 
tons  of  bar  iron,  the  whole  employing  30  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $9,500 ;  31  persons  manufactured 
hats  and  caps  to  the  amount  of  $8,210 ;  142  tanneries  employed  300  persons,  and  a  cap.  of  $147,463; 
137  manufactories  of  leather,  as  saddleries,  &c,  produced  articles  to  the  amount  of  $180,152, 
and  employed  a  capital  of  $58,332;  15  persons  produced  confectionery  to  the  amount  of  $13,800, 
with  a  capital  of  6,120 ;  47  persons  produced  gold  to  the  amount  of  $61,230,  with  a  capital  of  $1,000 ; 
4  persons  produced  drugs  and  paints  to  the  amount  of  $16,600,  with  a  capital  of  $16,000 ;  96  persons 
produced  machinery  to  the  amount  of  $131,825;  41  persons  produced  hardware  and  cutlery  to  the 
amount  of  $13,875;  20  persons  manufactured  4  cannon,  and  428  «mall-arms;  7  persons  manufac- 
tured the  precious  metals  to  the  amount  of  $1,650;  17  persons  manufactured  granite  and  marble  to 
the  amount  of  $7,311 ;  264  persons  produced  bricks  and  lime  to  the  amount  of  $91,326,  with  a  capi- 
tal of  $95,370 ;  235  persons  manufactured  carriages  and  wagons  to  the  amount  of  $88,891,  employ- 
ing a  capital  of  $49,074;  189  distilleries  produced  127,230  gallons,  and  7  breweries  produced  200 
gallons,  employing  220  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $34,212;  51  flouring  mills  produced  23,664  barrels 
of  flour,  and  with  other  mills,  employed  1,386  persons,  manufacturing  articles  to  the  amount  of 


ALA 24 ALA 

$1,225,425,  and  employing  a  cap.  of  $1,413,107;  53  persons  prod,  furniture  to  the  amount  of  $41,671, 
and  employed  a  capital  of  $18,430 ;  67  brick  or  stone  houses,  and  472  wooden  houses  employed  882 
persons,  and  cost  $739,871 ;  22  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  3  daily,  1  semi-weekly,  and  24  weekly 
newspapers,  employed  105  persons,  and  a  capital  of  98,100.  The  whole  amount  of  capital  employed 
in  manufactures  was  $2,130,064. 

The  Mobile  is  the  principal  river  in  the  state.  It  is  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Tombigbee  and 
the  Alabama,  40  miles  above  the  city  of  Mobile.  The  Alabama  is  a  large  river,  and  is  navigable 
for  vessels  drawing  6  feet  of  water  to  Claiborne,  60  miles  above  its  junction ;  150  miles  further  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Cahawba,  it  has  4  or  5  feet  of  water ;  and  to  the  junction  of  the  Coosa  and  Tallapoosa, 
of  which  it  is  formed,  it  has,  in  its  shallowest  places,  three  feet  of  water.  The  Tombigbee  is 
navigable  for  schooners  120  miles  to  St.  Stephens,  and  for  steamboats  to  Columbus,  Miss.  It  is  450 
miles  long,  and  boatable  for  a  greater  part  of  its  course.  The  Black  Warrior  forms  a  large  branch 
of  it,  and  is  navigable  to  Tuscaloosa.  The  Chatahoochee  river  forms  a  part  of  the  eastern  boundary 
of  the  state  ;  and  the  Tennessee  runs  through  the  northern  part. 

Alabama  has  only  60  miles  of  sea  coast.  But  this  includes  Mobile  Bay,  which  is  30  miles  long, 
and  from  3  to  18  broad. 

Mobile,  on  the  w.  side  of  Mobile  Bay,  is  the  most  commercial  place  in  the  state,  and  has  an  ex- 
tensive trade,  particularly  in  cotton.  The  other  principal  places  are  St.  Stephens,  Tuscaloosa, 
Cahawba,  Montgomery,  Wetumpka,  Florence,  and  Huntsville. 

The  University  of  Alabama  at  Tuscaloosa  was  founded  in  1820,  has  been  liberally  endowed  by 
the  state,  and  is  a  flourishing  institution.  La  Grange  College  in  the  county  of  Franklin,  was  founded 
in  1830.  In  these  institutions  there  were  in  1840,  152  students.  There  were  in  the  state,  114 
academies  and  grammar  schools,  with  5,018  students;  and  639  common  and  primary  schools,  with 
16,243  scholars.  There  were  22,592  free  white  persons  over  20  years  of  age,  who  could  neither 
read  nor  write. 

In  1835  the  Baptists  had  250  churches,  109  ministers,  and  11,445  communicants;  the  Methodists 
had  60  ministers  and  13,845  communicants ;  the  Presbyterians  had  45  churches,  29  ministers,  and 
2,268  communicants.  The  Roman  Catholics  had  1  bishop  and  5  ministers ;  and  the  Episcopalians 
had  7  ministers. 

At  the  commencement  of  1840,  there  was  one  bank  in  this  state,  with  a  capital  of  $3,389,739,  and 
a  circulation  of  $696,855.    At  the  close  of  1840,  the  state  debt  amounted  to  $10,859,556. 

The  constitution  of  this  state  was  formed  in  1819,  preparatory  to  its  admission  to  the  Union,  in 
1820.  The  governor  is  elected  by  the  people  for  two  years,  but  is  eligible  only  4  years  in  6.  The 
senators  ere  elected  for  3  years,  and  one  third  are  chosen  every  year.  Their  number  cannot  be 
more  than  one  third,  nor  less  than  a  fourth  of  the  number  of  the  representatives.  The  representa- 
tives are  elected  annually,  and  are  apportioned  among  the  counties  in  proportion  to  their  white 
population.  They  cannot  be  more  than  100  nor  less  than  60  in  number.  The  representatives  and 
one  third  of  the  senators  are  elected  annually,  on  the  first  Monday  in  August,  and  the  day  following ; 
and  the  governor  is  elected  biennially,  at  the  same  time.  The  legislature  meets  annually  at  Tus- 
caloosa, on  the  4th  Monday  in  October.  The  judiciary  consists  of  a  supreme  court,  a  circuit  court, 
and  such  inferior  courts  as  the  general  assembly  may,  from  time  to  time,  direct  and  establish.  The 
judges  are  elected  every  six  years,  by  the  joint  vote  of  both  houses  of  the  general  assembly.  The 
right  of  suffrage  is  possessed  by  every  white  male  citizen  of  21  years  of  age,  who  has  resided  within 
the  state  one  year  next  preceding  an  election,  and  the  last  three  months  within  the  county,  city,  or 
town  in  which  he  offers  his  vote. 

The  Muscle  Shoals  Canal  is  designed  to  overcome  the  obstruction  in  the  Tennessee  river.  It 
extends  from  the  head  of  the  falls,  35$  miles  to  Florence,  and  cost  $571,835.  But  to  extend  the  work 
to  its  completion  will  cost  $1,361,057.  The  Huntsville  canal  extends  from  Triena  on  the  Tennessee, 
16  miles  to  Huntsville. 

The  Alabama  and  Florida  railroad  extends  from  Pensacola,  156*  miles  to  Montgomery,  and  cost 
$2,500,000.  The  Selma  and  Cahawba  railroad  is  a  branch  of  the  Alabama  and  Florida  railroad, 
extending  from  Selma  10  miles  to  Cahawba. 

The  Montgomery  and  Westpoint  railroad  extends  from  Montgomery,  the  northern  termination  of 
the  Pensacola  and  Montgomery  railroad  to  Westpoint,  at  the  head  of  the  rapids  of  the  Chattahoochee 
river,  30  miles  above  Columbus.  It  is  87  miles  long.  The  Tuscumbia,  Cortland,  and  Decatur  rail- 
road extends  from  Tuscumbia  44  miles  to  Decatur.  The  Wetumpka  railroad  extends  10  miles, 
and  is  designed  to  connect,  when  completed,  the  Tennessee  and  Alabama  rivers,  at  Wetumpka. 

The  French  formed  a  small  settlement,  and  built  a  fort  where  the  city  of  Mobile  now  stands,  early 
in  the  18th  century.  Most  of  the  territory  of  Alabama  was  included  in  the  original  patent  of  Georgia. 
In  1802  Georgia  ceded  all  her  territory  w.  of  the  Chattahoochee  river  to  the  United  States;  and  ex- 
tending to  the  Mississippi  river,  it  was  erected  into  the  Mississippi  territory,  in  1817.  It  continued 
a  part  of  the  Mississippi  territory  until  1819,  when  a  state  constitution  was  formed;  and  in  1820  it 
was  admitted  to  the  Union,  as  an  independent  state. 


ALB 


25 


ALB 


Alabama,  p-t.,  Genesee  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  n.  w. 
Batiivia,  263  Albany,  388  W.  It  is  watered  by 
the  Tonawanda  creek,  which  in  the  n.  w.  part 
of  the  town  furnishes  a  feeder  to  the  Erie  canal, 
near  which  the  creek  has  falls  of  30  feet.  There 
is  an  Indian  reservation  and  settlement  in  the 
town.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $9,000 ;  2  tanneries,  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,128.  Pop.  1,798. 
The  village  at  the  p-o.  has  12  or  15  houses. 

Alachua  Savanna,  a  grassy  and  marshy 
plain  in  Alachua  co.,  Florida,  which  is  supposed 
to  discharge  its  waters  by  an  underground  passage 
into  Lake  Orange. 

Alachua,  county  of  e.  Florida,  situated  on  the 
w.  part  of  the  peninsula,  and  contains  about  2,500 
square  miles.  It  embraces  one  of  the  largest 
tracts  of  good  land  in  the  ter.,  and  has  long  been 
densely  populated.  It  has  a  number  of  ponds 
and  prairies,  and  furnishes  excellent  pasture  for 
numerous  herds  of  cattle.  Suwanee  river  runs 
on  its  w.  border,  and  Withlacoochee  river  through 
its  s.  part.  Wakassassee  river  passes  through  it. 
Some  part  of  the  surface  is  rolling,  but  toward 
the  coast  it  is  flat  and  wet.  Capital,  Newmans- 
ville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,665, 
sheep  87,  swine  2,441 ;  Ind.  corn  27,365  bush, 
produced,  potatoes  9,652,  sugar  2,000  lbs.  Pop. 
whites  1,719,  slaves  562;  total,  2,282. 

Alamo,  t,  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.  1  saw  m.,  1 
sch.  23  scholars.    Pop.  194. 

Alamutcha,  p-o.,  Lauderdale  co.,  Miss. 

Alapaha,  p-o.,  Lowndes  co.,  Ga.,  262  s.  Mel- 
ledgeville,  861  W. 

Alapapaha,  a  river  of  Geo.,  which  flows  into 
the  Suwanee,  and  is  about  100  miles  in  length. 

Alaq.ua,  a  river  of  Florida,  falls  into  Choc- 
tawhatchee  Bay,  and  is  navigable  15  miles, 
for  vessels  requiring  5  feet  of  water. 

Alaqua,  v.,  Walton  co.,  Flor.,  161  n.  of  w. 
from  Tallahassee.  It  is  situated  on  Alaqua  river. 
Pop.  221. 

Alatamaha  or  Altamaha,  a  navigable  river 
of  Georgia,  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Ockmul- 
gee  and  the  Oconee.  After  the  junction,  the 
Alatamaha  becomes  a  large  river,  flowing  with  a 
gentle  current  through  forests  and  plains,  up- 
wards of  100  miles,  and  enters  by  several  outlets 
into  Alatamaha  sound,  60  s.  w.  Savannah, 
through  which  it  passes  into  the  Atlantic.  This 
sound  contains  a  number  of  beautiful  islands.  The 
Alatamaha  is  navigable  on  the  Oconee  branch, 
300  ms.  from  the  ocean,  for  boats  of  30  tons,  and  for 
steamboats  to  Milledgeville ;  and  to  an  equal  dis- 
tance on  the  Ockmulgee  branch.  The  bar  at  the 
mouth  has  14  feet,  at  low  water.  The  whole 
length  of  the  river  to  its  source,  is  about  500  miles. 

Alba,  p-v.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  143  n.  by  e.  Har- 
risburgh,  250  W. 

Albany,  t.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.-,  the  surface  is 
hilly ;  soil  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  Towanda 
cr.  and  the  w.  branch  of  Mahoopeny  cr.  It  con- 
tains 1  store,  cap.  $2,500 ;  1  gnst  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,050. 

Albany,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  18  N.  w.  Paris, 
62  w.  Augusta,  597  W.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,000 ; 
1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,400. 
7  sch.  275  scholars.     Pop.  691. 

Albany,  t.,  Strafford  co.,  N.  H.,  6  n.  by  E. 
Concord.  The  surface  is  uneven  and  rough,  but 
the  soil  is  a  fertile  sandy  loam,  mixed  with  gravel. 
Watered  by  Swift  r.  and  other  streams,  which  af- 
ford water  power.  Chartered  in  1766.  It  con- 
tains 5  sch.  153  scholars.    Pop.  406. 

Albany,  p-t.,  Orleans  co.,  V t.,  9  s.  Irasburgh, 

39  n.  Montpelier,  555  W.     It  was  granted  in 

1781  by  the  name  of  Lutterloh,  and  received  its 

present  name  in  1815.    It  is  watered  by  Black 

4 


river  and  its  branches,  ami  has  a  number  of 
ponds.  It  has  1  Hon,  cap.  13,000  dollars  ;  1  ful- 
ling m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $3,150.  10  sch.  356  scholars.  Pop.  920. 
Albany-  county,  N.  Y.,  is  situated  150  n.  of 
the  city  of  New  York.  It  was  organised  in  1683. 
It  lies  on  the  w.  side  of  Hudson  r.  The  surface 
is  uneven,  and  in  the  s.  w.  part  hilly  and  moun- 
tainous. On  the  river  the  soil  is  good,  and  well 
cultivated,  but  in  the  interior  it  is  sandy  and  un- 

Kroductive.  Among  its  mineral  productions  are 
og  iron  ore,  and  water  limestone.  There  are 
also  several  mineral  springs.  Besides  the  Mo- 
hawk, on  its  n.,  and  the  Hudson  on  its  e.  bound- 
ary, its  streams  are  Normanskill,  Vlamanskill, 
Haivankrauskill  and  Coeyman's  cr.,  which  enter 
the  Hudson,  and  some  others.  It  has  an  area  of 
515  sq.  miles.  The  Erie  and  Champlain  canals 
form  a  junction  in  the  n.  e.  part  of  this  county. 
Capital,  Albany.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 25,784,  sheep  57,478,  •  swine  49,068;  wheat 
21,008  bushels  produced,  rye  145,941,  Ind.  corn 
127,162,  buckwheat  103,582,  barley  155,902,  oats 
653,794,  potatoes  540,582,  sugar  24,366  pounds ; 
47  commission  houses,  cap.  $650,000;  1,166 
stores,  capital  $1,244,903;  27  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$464,000;  1  furnace,  11  fulling  m.,  8  woollen  fac. 
2  cotton  fac,  5,160  sp.,  20  tanneries,  8  breweries, 
4  potteries,  6  flouring  m.,  22  grist  m.,  84  saw  m., 
1  paper  factory,  1 1  pruning  offices,  5  binderies,  1 
periodical,  3  daily,  5  weekly,  2  semi- weekly  news- 
papers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,712,825.  5  acad. 
469  students,  119  sch.  9,319  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 
53,560;  1840,68,593. 

Albany  city,  N.  Y.,  the  capital  of  the  state, 
is  situated  on  the  Hudson  r.,  145  miles,  by  the 
course  of  the  river,  above  the  city  of  New  York, 
in  42°  39'  3"  n.  lat.,  and  73°  Zi'  w.  Ion.,  and  3° 
12'  e.  long,  from  W.  164  w.  by  n.  Boston.  230 
s.  Montreal,  370  W.  The  population,  in  1810, 
was  9,356;  in  1820,  12,630;  in  1830,  24,238;  in 
1840,  33,721.  Employed  in  agriculture  144; 
manufactures  and  trades  1,621 ;  navigating  the 
ocean  8 ;  do.  rivers  and  canals  106 ;  in  the  learned 
professions  237.  The  ground  on  which  Albany 
is  built  has  a  flat  alluvial  tract  along  the  margin  of 
the  river,  from  15  to  100  rods  wide,  back  of  which 
it  rises  abruptly,  and  in  half  a  mile  in  the  direc- 
tion of  State-street,  attains  an  elevation  of  153 
feet ;  and  in  1  mile  of  220  feet,  above  the  level 
of  the  river.  Beyond  this,  the  surface  is  level. 
The  older  parts  of  the  city  were  not  laid  out  with 
much  regularity,  and  some  of  the  streets  are  nar- 
row, but  the  parts  more  recently  laid  out,  have 
spacious  and  regular  streets.  State-street,  one 
of  the  early  streets,  from  the  meeting  of  Court 
and  Market  streets,  is  from  150  to  170  feet  wide, 
and  has  a  steep  ascent,  at  the  head  of  which  the 
capitol,  which  fronts  it,  has  a  commanding  posi- 
tion. Many  of  the  private,  and  more  especially 
the  public  buildings  of  Albany,  have  fine  situa- 
tions, and  overlook  an  extensive  and  a  beautiful 
prospect. 

The  capitol  is  a  large  stone  edifice  115  feet 
long  and  90  feet  broad,  fronting  e.  on  a  fine 
square,  at  the  head  of  State-street.  It  contains 
spacious  and  richly  furnished  apartments  for  the 
accommodation  of  the  Senate  and  Assembly, 
and  various  rooms  for  other  public  purposes.  Tho 
City  Hall  is  on  the  e.  side  of  the  same  «square, 
facing  w.,  and  is  a  large  marble  building,  with  a 
gilded  dome.  The  State  Hall,  for  the  public 
offices,  is  a  corresponding  building  on  the  same 
side  of  the  same  square,  and  is  a  splendid  edi- 
fice. The  Albany  Academy  is  a  fine  building 
of  freestone,  and  has  a  park  in  front  of  it,  ad- 
joining the  public  square ;  and  both  squares  axe 


ALB 


26 


ALB 


surrounded  by  an  iron  fence,  and  in  fact,  consti- 
tute one  large  and  beautiful  public  ground,  divid- 
ed by  a  street,  laid  out  with  walks,  and  orna- 
mented with  trees.  The  other  public  buildings 
are  a  Medical  College,  a  Female  Academy,  the 
Albany  Exchange,  a  large  building  of  granite  at 
the  foot  of  State-street,  and  the  county  jail. 

The  Albany  Academy,  in  its  course  of  instruc- 
tion, approaches  to  a  college,  and  has  400  stu- 
dents, and  eminent  instructors.  The  Albany 
Female  Academy  has  obtained  an  extensive  and 
a  deserved  celebrity,  and  has  from  300  to  350 
pupils.  The  Albany  library  contains  9,000  vol- 
umes. The  Young  Men's  Association,  establish- 
ed for  mutual  improvement,  occupies  rooms  in 
the  exchange  building,  and  has  1,500  members. 
It  has  a  fine  reading  room,  liberally  furnished, 
has  a  library  of  3,200  volumes,  and  supports, 
through  the  winter  season,  an  able  course  of  lec- 
tures. The  Albany  Orphan  Asylum  is  situated 
one  mile  w.  of  the  city  hall,  and  generally  sup- 
ports 80  or  90  male  and  female  children.  The 
poorhouse,  in  the  s.  w.  part  of  the  city,  has  a 
number  of  large  buildings,  and  a  farm  of  150 
acres,  cultivated  by  its  inmates.  St.  Joseph's 
Orphan  Asylum  is  a  Roman  Catholic  institution, 
for  females  only,  and  has  about  40  inmates,  un- 
der the  charge  of  the  Sisters  of  Charity. 

Albany  has  about  100  streets  and  alleys  built 
on,  11  public  squares,  3  markets,  10  public  school 
buildings,  containing  also  dwellings  for  the  teach- 
ers, and  11  engine  houses,  all  built  substantially 
of  brick. 

The  city  contains  30  places  of  worship,  of 
which  the  Presbyterians  have  4,  the  Associate 
Reformed  1,  the  Dutch  Reformed  3,  the  Methodists 
4,  the  African  Methodist  1,  the  Episcopalians  3, 
the  Baptists  2,  the  colored  Baptists  1,  the  Lu- 
therans 2,  the  Universalists  1,  and  the  Roman 
Catholics  2.  There  are  1  Independent  church, 
1  Mission  church,  1  Bethel  church,  1  Friends' 
meeting-house,  and  2  Jewish  synagogues. 

The  old  state  hall  on  the  s.  side  of  State-street, 
is  now  converted  into  a  museum,  for  the  recep- 
tion of  the  geological  cabinet,  collected  by  the 
state  geologists  in  their  surveys.  The  Albany 
Institute  is  a  respectable  scientific  association, 
which  has  a  valuable  library  and  cabinet. 

The  situation  of  Albany  for  trade  and  com- 
merce, is  commanding.  Being  on  one  of  the 
finest  rivers  in  the  United  States,  and  having  a 
rich  back  country,  its  natural  advantages  are 
great ;  but  these  advantages  have  been  vastly  in- 
creased by  the  Erie  and  the  Champlain  canals, 
which  give  it  a  ready  access  to  a  widely  extend- 
ed country  to  the  n.  and  w. ;  and  its  connection 
to  Boston  by  railroad,  will  add  to  these  advan- 
tages. The  Mohawk  and  Hudson  railroad  termi- 
nates here,  and  connects  with  other  lines  to  the 
west.  The  Erie  canal,  comprising  also  the 
Champlain  canal,  enters  the  city  in  its  n.  part, 
and  flows  into  a  spacious  basin,  formed  by  a  pier 
built  in  the  river,  a  mile  and  a  quarter  long, 
which  produces  a  safe  harbor,  not  only  for  boats, 
but  also  for  vessels,  to  defend  them  against  the 
ice  in  the  spring  floods.  These  advantages  have 
been  improved.  There  are  in  the  city  53  com- 
mission houses,  35  importers,  137  wholesale 
houses,  440  retail  stores,  and  612  grocery  and 
provision  stores.  There  are  8  banks,  with  an 
aggregate  cap.  of  $2,751,000 ;  4  insurance  compa- 
nies, with  a  total  cap.  of  $700,000. 

The  manufactures  of  Albany  are  not  less 
flourishing  than  its  commerce.  There  are  15 
manufactories  of  carriages,  some  of  them  very 
extensive  ;  20  of  hats  and  caps,  producing  articles 
to  the  amount  of  $900,000  annually ;  4  of  tobac- 


co, 2  of  morocco  leather,  5  rope-walks,  15  of  soap 
and  candles,  5  of  musical  instruments,  2  of  combs, 
20  of  copper,  tin,  and  sheet  iron ;  and  a  great 
many  others.  There  are  2  type  foundries,  1  ste- 
reotype, 2  manufactories  of  oil  cloth,  8  of  stoves, 
4  of  carpets,  &c.  There  are  10  furnaces,  3  steam 
sawing  and  planing  machines,  4  plane  manufac- 
tories, 1  manufactory  ofphilosophical  instruments, 
and  1  of  coach  lace.  There  are  3  malting  houses 
and  9  breweries.  According  to  the  late  census 
there  were  in  Albany  in  1840,  47  commission 
houses  engaged  in  foreign  trade,  with  a  cap.  of 
$650,000 ;  976  retail  drygoods  and  other  stores, 
with  a  cap.  of  $975,000.  The  total  cap.  employed 
in  manufactures  was  $1,735,500.  In  1840,  20 
steamboats  and  51  towboats  regularly  plied  be- 
tween Albany  and  New  York,  and  the  interme- 
diate places  on  the  river.  A  large  number  of 
sloops  also  navigate  the  river.  It  is  estimated 
that  over  1,000  persons  arrive  at,  and  depart 
from  Albany,  daily,  by  its  various  lines  of  com- 
munication. 

Albany  was  founded  by  the  Dutch  in  1623, 
and  by  them  called  "  Beaver  Wyck,"  and  after- 
ward "  Williamstadt."  It  capitulated  to  the  Eng- 
lish in  1664,  who  gave  it  its  present  name,  in 
honor  of  the  Duke  of  York  and  Albany,  its  pro- 
prietor.    It  was  incorporated  in  1686. 

Albany,  t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is  hilly ; 
soil  gravelly  and  poor.  It  has  1  Presbyterian 
and  1  Lutheran  church,  and  several  forges. 
Drained  by  Maiden  cr.  and  its  tributaries.  It  has 
1  tannery,  6  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $3,000.     Pop.  1,057. 

Albany,  p-v.,  capital  of  Clinton  co.,  Ky.,  8  n. 
Tenn.  line,  126  Frankfort,  620  W.  Situated  on 
Spring  cr.,  a  tributary  of  the  Cumberland  r. 

Albany,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  Term.,  106  w.  Nash- 
ville, 792  W. 

Albany,  p-v.,  Whitesides  co.,  111.,  177  n.  by  w. 
Springfield,  873  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of 
the  Mississippi  r. 

Albany,  p-v.,  Baker  co.,  Ga.,  128  s.  s.  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  785  W.     Situated  w.  side  of  Flint  r. 

Albemarle  Sound,  a  large  inlet  from  the  sea, 
in  the  n.  e.  part  of  N.  Carolina.  It  extends  60 
ms.  from  e.  to  w.,  and  is  from  4  to  15  ms.  wide. 
It  receives  the  Chowan,  Roanoke,  and  several 
smaller  rs.  It  communicates  with  Pamlico  sound 
and  the  ocean,  by  several  narrow  inlets ;  and 
with  Chesapeake  Bay  by  a  canal  through  the 
Dismal  Swamp. 

Albemarle,  county,  Va.,  one  of  the  central 
counties  of  the  state.  It  has  the  Blue  Ridge  on 
the  n.  w.,  and  James  r.  on  the  s.,  and  contains  an 
area  of  700  sq.  ms.  Its  streams  consist  chiefly  of 
the  head  waters  of  the  Rivanna  r.  The  surface 
of  this  county  is  diversified,  and  its  soil  various. 
Capital,  Charlottesville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  14,819,  sheep  20,512,  swine  34,606 ;  wheat 
326,986  bush,  produced,  rye  117,369,  Ind.  corn 
711,516,  oats  216,382,  potatoes  28,539,  tobacco 
2,409,598  pounds;  74  stores,  cap.  $302,300;  1 
cotton  fac.  1,500  sp.,  13  tanneries,  4  distilleries, 
15  flouring  m.,  51  grist  m.,  46  saw  m.,  2  printing 
offices,  2  weeklv  newspapers,  2  periodicals.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $260,885.  1  college,  247  students, 
18  acad.  400  students,  21  com.  sch.  386  scholars. 
Pop.  1830,  22,618;  1840,  whites  10,512,  slaves 
13,809;  total,  22,924. 

Albemarle,  p-o.,  Stanley  co.,  N.  C,  146  Ra- 
leigh, 383  W. 

Albertson's,  p-o.,  Duplin  co.,  N.  C,  79  Ra- 
leigh, 309  W. 

Albion,  p-t.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  26  n.  e.  Au- 
gusta, 44  s.  w.  Bangor,  621  W.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $2,400 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 


ALE 


27 


ALE 


9  sch.  692   scholars.     Pop 


in  manufac.  $7,250. 
1,624. 

Albion,  p-v.,  and  capital  Orleans  co.,  N.  Y., 
250  w.  by  n.  Albany,  392  W.  Situated  in  Barre 
t.,  and  on  the  Erie  canal.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  clerk's  office,  2  banks,  3  churches — 1 
Baptist,  1  Methodist,  1  Presbyterian— an  acade- 
my, a  female  seminary,  18  stores,  7  war^Jiouses, 
and  1  flouring  m.,  200  dwellings,  and  about  1,400 
inhabitants. 

Albion,  t.,  Oswego  co.,  N.  Y.,  25  e.  Oswego, 
147  w.  n.  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  undula- 
ting, and  the  soil  good.  Watered  by  Salmon  r. 
on  the  n.,  and  Salmon  cr.  on  the  s.     It  contains 

3  stores,  cap.  $3,900 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  18 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,200.  It  has  16  sch. 
561  scholars.     Pop.  1,503. 

Albion,  t.,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.  The  Kalamazoo 
r.  passes  through  it.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $29,000 ; 
2  distilleries,  2  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $42,630.  8  sch.  201  scholars.  Pop.  932. 

Albion,  p-v.,  Albion  t.,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  92 
Detroit,  564  W.  It  is  on  the  right  bank  of  Kala- 
mazoo r.,  and  contains  80  dwellings,  1  saw  m.,  1 
flouring  m.,  and  3  stores. 

Albion,  p-v.,  Fairfield  dist.,  S.  C,  34  Colum- 
bia, 475  W. 

Albion  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  O.,  112  Columbus, 
363  W. 

Albion  C.  H.,  p-v.,  Edwards  co.,  HI.,  165 
Springfield,  40  s.  w.  Vincennes,  731 W.  Establish- 
ed in  1819.  Settled  chiefly  by  English  emigrants. 
The  situation  is  high  and  healthy.  It  contains  3 
stores,  a  flouring  m.  moved  by  oxen,  and  40  or  50 
families.  It  has  a  brick  court  house,  44  feet 
square,  and  2  stories  high. 

Albrights,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C,  63  Raleigh, 
297  W.  b 

Alburg,  p-t.,  and  port  of  entry,  Grand  Isle  co., 
Vt.,  83  Montpelier,  557  W.  It  lies  in  the  n.  w. 
corner  of  the  state,  and  is  a  triangular  body  of 
land  projecting  from  Canada  into  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  by  which  it  is  surrounded,  excepting  on 
the  Canada  side.  The  surface  is  low  and  level, 
and  the  soil  is  good,  and  well  timbered.    It  has 

4  stores,  cap.  $7,900 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw 
m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,150.     Pop.  1,344. 

Alburg  Springs,  p-v.,  Alburg  t.,  Grand  Isle 
co.,  Vt.,  87  Montpelier,  561  W.  Here  is  a  min- 
eral spring  of  considerable  efficacy  in  scrofulous 
and  other  cases. 

Alden,  p-t.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y.,  22  e.  Buffalo,  270 
Albany,  380  W.  The  village  has  30  dwellings, 
and  1  Presbyterian  church,  and  contains  1  store, 
cap.  $1,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tan- 
nery, 3  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$11,500.    14  sch.  667  scholars.    Pop.  1,984. 

Alder  Branch,  p-o.,  Bradley  co.,  Term.,  168 
Nashville,  593  W. 

Alder  Creek,  p-o.,  Booneville  t.,  Oneida  co., 
N.  Y.,  107  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  412  W. 

Aldie,  p-o.,  Loudon  co.,  Va.,  139  n.  Richmond, 
42  W. 

Aledon,  p-t.,  Ingham  co.,  Mich.,  92  w.  by  n. 
Detroit,  578  W.     Pop.  221. 

Aleppo,  t.,  Greene  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  650. 

Alexander,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  25  n. 
by  w.  Machias,  202  e.  n.  e.  Augusta,  788  W.  It 
has  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$1,420.    6  sch.  237  scholars.    Pop.  513. 

Alexander,  county,  111.,  situated  in  the  s. 
part  of  the  state,  contains  375  sq.  ms.  It  has  the 
Ohio  r.  on  its  s.  e.,  and  the  Mississippi  r.  on  its 
s.  w.  border.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  one  third, 
at  least,  alluvion.  The  s.  part  is  liable  to  be 
overflowed.    Watered  by  Cash  r.  and  branches. 


,  Potomac,  _ 
Sextons  and  Clear  creeks.    Organized  in  1819.  |  The  soil  is  generally  thin,  and  the  surface  un- 


CapitaL  Unity.  There  were  in  1810,  neat  cattle 
2,952,  sheep  998,  swine  10,339;  wheat  3,947 
bushels  produced,  bid.  corn  Nl,020,  oats  11,620, 
potatoes  10.112;  13  stores,  cap.  $29,040;  1  tan- 
nery, 1  distillery.  10  gruf  m.,  9  shw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $102,730.  8  sch.  190  scholars.  Pop.  3,313. 

Alexander,  p-t.,  (iencsee  co.,  R  Y.,  8s.  w. 
Batavia,  258  w.  by  n.  Albany,  382  W.  It  is 
crossed  by  the  Tonawanda  creek;  and  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $31,000;  4  fulling  in.,  1  woollen  fac, 
2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
134300.  1  acad.  200  students,  14  com.  sch.  516 
scholars.     Pop.  2,242. 

Alexander,  p-t.,  Athens  co.,  O.,  78  Colum- 
bus, 345  W.  It  is  one  of  the  two  townships 
granted  to  the  Ohio  University.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $5,000 ;  3  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $3,200.    5  sch.  130  scholars.     Pop.  1,451. 

Alexandersville,  p-v.,  Montgomery  co., 
O.,  7  below  Dayton,  on  the  Miami  canal,  74  w. 
s.  w.  Columbus,  469  W. 

Alexandria,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  34  n.  w. 
Concord,  515  W.  It  has  2,000  acres  of  rich  in- 
terval land  on  its  streams,  while  other  parts  are 
rough.  It  contains  2  stores,  cap.  $5,000  ;  1  wol- 
len  fac,  1  fulling  m.,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $8,185.  14  sch.  394  scholars.   Pop.1,284. 

Alexandria,  p-t.,  Jefferson  co.,  N.  Y.,  20  n. 
Watertown,  195  n.  w.  Albany,  447  W.  To  this 
town  belong  a  part  of  the  Thousand  islands  in  the 
St.  Lawrence  r.  opposite  to  it.  The  shore  of  the 
St.  Lawrence  is  here  high  and  picturesque.  The 
military  road  from  Plattsburg  to  Sacketts  Harbor 
leads  centrally  through  the  town.  It  has  several 
good  mill  streams.  It  contains  6  stores,  cap. 
$19,200 ;  1  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$14,505.   6  sch.  135  scholars.    Pop.  3,475. 

Alexandria,  p-b.,  Porter  t.,  Huntingdon  co., 
Pa.,  98  w.  Hamsburg,  157  W.  It  contains  2 
churches,  70  dwellings,  7  stores,  cap.  $26,400 ; 
2  tanneries,  1  brewery,  1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $17,100.    Pop.  575. 

Alexandria  t.,  Hunterdon  co.,  N.  J.,  12  n.  e. 
Flemington.  It  contains  33,000  acres,  and  has 
several  post  villages ;  10  stores,  cap.  $66,000 ;  1 
fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  5  distilleries,  1  ropewalk, 
6  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.,  3  oil  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $139,955.  9  sch.  420  scholars.  Pop.  3,420. 

Alexandria,  p-o.,  St.  Albans  t.,  Licking  co., 
O.,  40  e.  by  n.  Columbus,  379  W. 

Alexandria  city,  seaport  and  capital  of  Alex- 
andria co.,  D.  C,  43  s.  s.  w.  Baltimore,  115  n. 
Richmond,  7  W.  38°  48'  n.  lat.  0°  3'  w.  Ion.  W. 
It  is  finely  situated  on  the  w.  side  of  the  Potomac, 
which  has  a  depth  of  water  here  sufficient  for 
vessels  of  the  largest  class.  The  population  in 
1800  was  4,196;  in  1810,  7,227;  in  1820,  8,218; 
in  1830,  8,263 ;  in  1840, 8,459.  The  city  is  consid- 
erably elevated,  ascending  gradually  from  the  r ; 
the  streets  cross  each  other  at  right  angles.  The 
public  buildings  are  a  court  house,  and  10  churches 
— 2  Presbyterian,  2  Episcopal,  2  Methodist,  1  Bap- 
tist, 1  Friends,  1  colored  Methodist,  and  1  Roman 
Catholic.  The  city  has  considerable  shipping, 
and  exports  wheat,  Indian  corn,  and  tobacco,  to  a 
considerable  amount.  The  tonnage  of  the  port 
in  1840,  was  14,470.  The  Chesapeake  and  Ohio 
canal  extends  to  this  place,  and  may  be  expected 
to  add  to  its  prosperity.  It  has  2  banks,  with  an 
aggregate  cap.  of  $1,000,000,  and  1  fire,  and  1 
marine  insurance  co.  It  is  governed  by  a  mayor 
and  a  common  council  of  16  members.  It  has  8 
acad.  296  students,  10  sch.  224  scholars. 

Alexandria,  county,  comprises  all  that  part 
of  the  District  of  Columbia  which  lies  w.  of  the 
and   formerly  belonged    to  Virginia. 


ALL 


28 


ALL 


even.  It  contains  about  36  sq.  m.  A  bridge,  of 
over  a  mile  in  length,  connects  it  with  Washing- 
ton city.  The  laws  of  Virginia  are  in  force  here, 
unless  superseded  by  the  special  enactments  of 
the  general  government.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  989,  sheep  263,  swine  1,190;  wheat 
4,334  bushels  produced,  rye  2,798,  Ind.  corn 
18,800,  oats  9,091,  potatoes  6,283 ;  156  stores,  cap. 
$1,528,450 ,  5  tanneries,  1  pottery,  1  ropewalk,  3 
grist  m.,  1  daily  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$474,400.  Pop.  1830,  9,608 ;  1840,  whites  6,731, 
slaves  1,374,  free  colored  1,862  ;  total,  9,967. 

Alexandria,  p-v.,  Campbell  co.,  Ky.,  85 
Frankfort,  506  W. 

Alexandria,  p-v.,  De  Kalb  co.,  Tenn.,15  s.  Car- 
thage, 50  e.  Nashville,  640  W.  It  is  on  Lickneus 
cr.  15  ms.  Cumberland  r.  It  has  2  stores,  2 
churches— 1  Campbellite,  and  1  Methodist— and 
about  250  inhabitants. 

Alexandria,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  la.,  48  N.  N. 
E.  Indianapolis,  556  W. 

Alexandria,  p-o.,  Clark  co.,  Mo. 

Alexandria,  p-o.,  Benton  co.,  Ala.,  129  n.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  727  W. 

Alexandria,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Rapides 
Parish,  La.,  291  n.  w.  New  Orleans,  1,210  W.  It 
is  situated  on  Red  r.,  a  little  below  the  lower  rapids. 
The  houses  are  on  a  single  street,  along  the  river. 
It  has  a  court  house,  jail,  and  printing  office. 

Alexandriana,  p-v.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.  C, 
161  s.  w.  by  w.  Raleigh,  398  W. 

Alford,  p-t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  14  s.  by  w. 
Lenox,  24  e.  Hudson,  N.  Y.,  14  Boston,  361  W. 
Incorporated  in  1773.  It  is  watered  by  Green  r. 
and  branches,  which  enter  the  Housatonic.  It 
has  1  store,  cap.  $2,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m. ;  4  sch.  144  scholars.  Pop.  481. 

Alfordsville,  p-v.,  Robeson  co.,  N.  C,  107 
s.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  395  W. 

Alfred,  p-o.,  Meigs  co.,  O.,  101  s.  e.  by  s.  Co- 
lumbus, 328  W. 

Alfred,  p-t.,  York  co.,  Me.,  one  of  the  shire 
towns  of  the  co.,  24  n.  by  w.  York,  35  s.  w.  Port- 
land, 78  s.  w.  Augusta,  517  W.  Incorporated 
1808.  There  is  a  society  of  Shakers  in  the  town. 
The  soil  is  good,  and  well  watered.  It  has  7  stores, 
cap.  $14,500 ;  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,352.  1  acad.  35  students,  10 
sch.  397  scholars.     Pop.  1,408. 

Alfred,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  s.  E. 
Angelica,  249  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  321  W.  The  N. 
York  and  Erie  railroad  is  to  pass  through  it.  It  is 
watered  by  several  mill  streams.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $20,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,2  tanneries,  1  grist  m., 
3  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,400.     Pop.  1,630. 

Algansi,  t.,  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  contains  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000.  3  sch.  45 
scholars.     Pop.  424. 

Allamuchy,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  N.  J.,  66  n.  by 
w.Trenton,  227  W. 

Allatoona,  p-o.,  Cass  co.,  Ga.,  130  n.  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  659  W. 

Allegan,  county,  Mich.,  lies  on  the  west  bor- 
der of  the  state,  on  Lake  Michigan,  was  organized 
in  1835,  and  contains  840  sq.  ms.  It  is  watered 
by  the  Kalamazoo,  Black,  and  Rabbit  rs.  The 
surface  is  undulating.  On  the  lake  shore  the  soil 
is  sandy,  on  the  rivers  a  rich  alluvion ;  and  in  other 
parts  a  mixture  of  clay  and  sand.  Lumber  is  ex 
tensively  manufactured.  Chief  town,  Allegan 
There  were  1840,  neat  cattle  1,511,  sheep  107, 
swine  2.266 ;  wheat  13,815  bush,  produced,  Ind, 
corn  14,735,  oats  15,424,  potatoes  23,792,  sugar 
118,845  pounds,  lumber  valued  at  $97,700;  1  fur- 
nace, 1  tannery,  2  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  15  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $213,375.  1  acad.  15  stu- 
dents, 12  sch.  305  scholars.    Pop.  1,783. 


Allegan,  p-t.,  and  capital  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich., 
is  situated  on  both  sides  of  the  Kalamazoo  r.,  con- 
nected by  2  bridges,  161  w.  by  N.  Detroit,  626 
W.  It  is  at  the  head  of  navigation,  and  has  good 
water  power.  It  has  an  elevated  location,  on  a 
dry,  sandy  soil,  and  commands  a  fine  prospect. 
It  has  1  furnace,  1  flouring  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $89,100.  1  acad.  15  students,  3  sch.  61 
scholars.     Pop.  634. 

Alleghany,  r.,  the  principal  head  branch  of 
the  Ohio  r.,  which  see. 

Alleghany  or  Appallachian  Mountains, 
constitute  a  range  of  great  length,  and  from  50  to 
200  ms.  in  breadth,  and  reach  from  the  Cattskill 
mountains  in  the  state  of  New  York,  their  most 
elevated  part,  to  Georgia.  The  course  of  this 
great  chain  is  nearly  parallel  with  the  Atlantic, 
and  about  from  50  to  130  ms.  distant  from  it ;  and 
it  consists  of  a  number  of  parallel  ridges,  denom- 
inated the  Blue  Ridge,  North  mountain,  Jackson's 
mountain,  Laurel  mountain,  Cumberland  moun- 
tain, &c.  These  mountains,  for  the  most  part,  are 
not  over  2,500  feet  high,  and  they  divide  the  wa- 
ters which  flow  into  the  Atlantic  on  the  E.,  from 
those  which  flow  into  the  Mississippi  and  the  lakes 
to  the  n.  and  w.  These  ridges  rarely  present  naked 
summits,  but  are  generally  wooded  to  the  top; 
and  between  the  ridges  are  often  valleys  of  fertile 
land,  though  the  country  among  them  is  generally 
rocky  and  rough.  They  consist  of  granite,  gneiss, 
mica  and  clay  slate,  primitive  limestone,  &c. 

Allegany,  county,  N.  Y.,  is  one  of  the  south- 
ern tier  of  counties,  being  bounded  s.  by  Pennsyl- 
vania. It  was  taken  from  Genesee  co.  in  1806. 
It  is  watered  by  Genesee  r.,  which  flows  nearly 
through  the  middle  of  it,  from  s.  to  n.,  and  a  num- 
ber of  smaller  streams  or  creeks,  which  flow  into 
it  on  each  side.  The  valley  of  the  Genesee  con- 
tains much  excellent  land,  and  the  country  on  each 
side  rises,  and  in  the  E.  and  w.  part  of  the  co. 
consists  of  an  elevated  table  land,  from  1,500  to 
2,500  feet  above  tide  water  in  the  Hudson  r.  The 
area  of  the  county  is  about  1,185  sq.  ms.  The 
Genesee  Valley  canal  passes  through  the  county, 
from  s.  to  N.,  and  commences  at  Olean,  in  Catta- 
raugus co.,  on  the  Alleghany  r.,  and  will  form  a 
line  of  communication  from  the  Erie  canal  at  Ro- 
chester to  Pittsburg.  The  New  York  and  Erie 
railroad  will  also  pass  through  this  county  by  a 
circuitous  course,  from  E.tow.  The  soil  of  this 
county  is  generally  fertile,  but  better  adapted  to 
grazing  than  to  grain.  Among  the  minerals  arc 
limestone  and  bog  iron  ore.  The  growth  of  tim- 
ber is  large,  consisting  of  oak,  maple,  beech,  bass- 
wood,  ash,  elm,  and  white  and  yellow  pine,  and 
hemlock,  the  last  3  being  found  chiefly  in  the  s. 
part.  Capital,  Angelica.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  45,864,  sheep  129,655,  swine  30,043 ; 
wheat  232,471  bush,  produced,  buckwheat  20,068, 
Ind.  corn  60,137,  potatoes  583,945,  oats  354,566  • 
13  stores,  cap.  $376,400 ;  24  fulling  m.,  4  woollen 
fee,  31  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  3  flouring  m.,  36 
grist  m.,  204  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  6  furnaces,  3  print- 
ing offices,  2  weekly  papers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$403,370.    Pop.  in  1830,  26,218 ;  in  1840,  40,975. 

Alleghany,  county,  Pa.  This  important  coun- 
ty lies  on  the  w.  border  of  Pennsylvania,  and  con- 
tains the  Monongahela  and  Alleghany  rs.,  where 
they  unite  to  form  the  Ohio,  which  runs  14  ms.  in 
this  county.  Pittsburg,  its  capital,  situated  at  the 
confluence  of  these  rivers,  is  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant places  of  the  west.  The  country,  though 
hilly,  is  fertile,  and  the  natural  growth  is  dense 
and  large.  The  agriculture,  manufactures  and 
commerce  of  the  county  are  in  a  very  flourishing 
state.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  21,512, 
sheep  56,459,  swine  34,635 ;  wheat  461,167  bush. 


ALL 


29 


ALL 


product,  rye  58,045,  buckwheat  29,894,  Ind.  corn 
289,797,  potatoes  409,2 10,  oats  770,378.  It  contains  7 
commer.  houses,  in  for.  tr.,  and  32  com.  $1,241,1 10; 
551  stores,  cap.  $4,389,290 ;  5  fulling  m.,  5  woollen 
fac,  5  cotton  fac,  17,270  so.,  32  tanneries,  14  dis- 
tilleries, 6  breweries,  17  glass  houses,  1  pottery, 
37  flouring  m.,  52  grist  m.,  81  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.,  28 
furnaces,  18  printing  offices,  4  daily  and  11  weekly 
newspapers,  10  periodicals.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$3,554,562.  It  has  2  colleges,  81  students,  21  acad. 
1,186  students,  202  sch.  10,281  scholars.  Pop.  in 
1830,  40,506;  in  1840,  81,235. 

Alleghany,  county,  Md.,  lies  in  the  extreme 
western  part  of  the  state.  The  main  branch  of 
the  Alleghany  mountains  passes  through  it,  and 
its  surface  is  extremely  rough  and  broken,  though 
much  of  the  soil  is  fertile.  It  forms  the  dividing 
ridge  whence  the  Youghiogeny  proceeds  n.  w. 
into  the  Monongahela ;  and  the  head  branch  of 
the  Potomac  proceeds  s.  w.  toward  the  Atlantic. 
It  is  by  this  route  that  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio 
canal  and  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  railroad  are  to 
proceed.  The  great  national  road,  constructed  by 
the  general  government,  at  a  great  expense,  and 
leading  into  the  western  states,  commences  at 
Cumberland,  the  capital  of  this  co.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,031,  sheep  13,763,  swine 
11,490;  wheat  86,648  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
121,747,  potatoes  87,193,  oats  213,581 ;  63  stores, 
cap.  $211,400 ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  8  tan- 
neries, 8  distilleries,  11  flouring  m.,  18  grist  m., 
44  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  furnace,  2  printing  offices, 
3  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $99,410. 
Pop.  in  1830, 10,609  \  in  1840, 15,690,  of  which  812 
were  slaves. 

Alleghany  county,  Va.,  lies  in  the  central  part 
of  the  state,  among  the  Alleghany  mountains,  and 
is  drained  by  the  head  waters  of  James  r.  It  con- 
tains an  area  of  521  sq.  ms.  Soil  is  rich  on  the 
si  reams,  and  on  the  "rich  patch  mountain"  is 
highly  productive,  and  densely  populated.  On 
the  other  mountains,  the  land  is  poor,  and  covered 
with  pines.  A  stream  issuing  from  a  spring, 
after  a  short,  tranquil  course,  has  a  fall  of  180  feet, 
and  proceeds  from  cataract  to  cataract,  until  its 
entrance  into  Jackson's  r.  The  passage  of  Jack- 
son's r.  through  Waite's  mountain,  is  regarded  as 
a  curiosity.  Its  mountainous  situation,  and  great 
elevation,  give  it  a  cooler  temperature  than  might 
be  expected  from  its  latitude.  Capital,  Covington. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,686,  sheep  3,647, 
swine  4,578;  wheat  25,449  bush,  produced,  rye 
9,142,  Ind.  corn  70,828,  oats  58,860,  potatoes  9,372, 
tobacco  42,500  pounds ;  5  stores,  cap.  $2,400 ;  4 
tanneries,  5  distilleries,  1  pottery,  4  flouring  m., 
20  grist  m.,  21  saw  m.,  1  furnace.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $28,890.  5  sch.  88  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 
2,816 ;  1840,  whites  2,142,  slaves  547,  free  col'd 
60;  total,  2,749. 

Alleghany,  t,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly ;  soil,  generally  lean.  Drained  by 
Kiskiminitas  and  Crooked  crs.  It  contains  salt 
works,  and  has  5  stores,  cap.  $9,600 ;  1  tannery, 

1  distillery,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $8,300.     Pop.  1,839. 

Alleghany,  t,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  surface 
mountainous ;  soil  red  shale,  and  fertile  in  the  val- 
leys. Drained  principally  by  Beaverdam,  branch 
of  the  Susquehanna  r.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $42,000 ; 

2  woollen  fac,  1  furnace,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m., 
20  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $  14,223.    Pop.  2,225. 

Alleghany,  t.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.  The  surface 
is  hilly  ;  soil,  gravel.  Drained  by  Stewart's  and 
Hickory  crs.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $4,000  ;  2  tan- 
neries, 1  pottery,  3  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $8,300.    4  sch.  108  scholars.    Pop.  804. 

Alleghany,  t.,  Somerset  co.,  Pa.    The  surface 


is  very  hilly ;  soil,  reddish  gravel.     Drained  by 
Willis's  find  Rush  crs.     It  has  1  store,  cap.  $500  , 

1  tannery,  1  distillery,  3  grist  m.,  8  saw  in.     Cap. 
in  manulac  $2,910.     Pop.  633. 

Alleghany,  t.,  Potter  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  238. 

Alleghany,  t.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Alleghany  r.,  and  has  Kiskiminitas 
r.  on  the  n.  e.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $3,400 ;  6 
flouring  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manulac.  $24,000. 
11  sch.  343  scholars.     Pop.  2,641. 

Alleghany,  t.,  (and  I.oretto  v.)  Cambria  co., 
Pa.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $6,100 ;  1  tannery,  1  potte- 
ry, 2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $3,877. 
7  sch.  256  scholars.    Pop.  1,217. 

Alleghany,  city,  Ross  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa., 
(see  Pittsburg.)  It  has  58  stores,  cap.  $83,400; 
9  lumber  yards,  3  cotton  fac,  14,270  sp.,  2  tanne- 
ries, 1  furnace,  1  brewery,  1  ropewalk.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $726,640.     Pop.  10,089 

Allemance,  p-v.,  Guilford  co ,  N.  C,  69  w.  n. 
w.Raleigh,  303  W. 

Allen,  t.,  Noble  co.,  la.  1  sch.  18  scholars. 
Pop.  179. 

Allen,  p-t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  18  w.  s.  w. 
Harrisburg,  102  W.    It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $26,500 ; 

2  fulling  m.    Cap.  in  manufac  $3, 175.  Pop.  2, 122. 

Allen,  t.,  Dark  co.,  O.    Pop.  194. 

Allen,  t.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  Lu- 
theran churches,  and  several  mills,  and  contains 
11  stores,  cap.  $47,000;  2  tanneries,  3  distilleries, 
6  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $72,000.  1  acad.  50  students,  7  sen. 
275  scholars.    Pop.  2,547. 

Allen,  county,  O.,  in  the  n.  w.  part  of  the  state. 
It  occupies  the  height  of  land  between  Lake  Erie 
and  the  Ohio  r.  Watered  chiefly  by  Auglaize 
r.  The  county  contains  554  sq.  ms.,  and  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Capital,  Lima.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  9,085,  sheep  3,723,  swine  18,869; 
wheat  60,521  bush,  produced,  rye  3,204,  Ind.  corn 
168,545,  oats  53,272,  potatoes  63,119,  sugar  106,744 
pounds ;  19  stores,  cap.  20,500 ;  4  tanneries,  2  dis- 
tilleries, 7  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$19,565.     19  sch.  418  scholars.    Pop.  9,079. 

Allen,  county,  la.,  in  the  n.  e.  part  of  the  state. 
It  was  organized  in  1824,  and  contains  650  sq. 
ms.  The  surface  is  level,  the  soil  is  fertile,  and 
the  country  is  well  timbered.  Some  wet  prairies 
abound  with  grass,  which  forms  a  kind  of  winter 
pasture  for  cattle,  and  a  partial  substitute  for  hay. 
St.  Joseph's  r.  from  the  n.  and  St.  Mary's  from 
the  s.  unite  at  Fort  Wayne,  and  form  the  Maumee 
r.,  which  proceeds  eastwardly  to  Lake  Erie.  The 
Wabash  and  Erie  canal,  connecting  Lake  Erie  at 
Toledo,  with  the  Ohio  at  Evansville,  passes  through 
this  county.  Capital,  Fort  Wayne.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,654,  sheep  924,  swine  8,524 ; 
wheat  34,819  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  84,275, 
potatoes  34,056,  sugar  24,865  pounds ;  5  for.  com. 
houses,  cap.  $16,000;  36  stores,  cap.  $180,200;  1 
tannery,  1  distillery,  1  brewery,  1  pottery,  3  flour- 
ing m.,  2  grist  m.,  14  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1 
weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $67,300. 
32  sch.  920  scholars.    Pop.  5,942. 

Allen,  county,  on  the  s.  border  of  Ky.,  has  a 
level  surface,  and  a  soil  moderately  good.  The 
Big  Barren  r.,  a  branch  of  Green  r.,  runs  on  its 
eastern  and  northern  border,  by  the  branches  of 
which  it  is  watered.  Capital,  Scottsville.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,051,  sheep  11,419,  swine 
28,165;  wheat  47,157  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
312,665,  oats  103,418,  potatoes  16,117,  tobacco 
508,870  pounds,  cotton  17,869,  sugar  35,113;  11 
stores,  cap.  $19,800;  2  tanneries,  49  distilleries, 
6  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac $8,850.  5  sch.  104  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
6,375,  slaves  935,  free  col'd  19 ;  total,  7,329. 


ALM 


30 


ALT 


Allen,  l,  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $4,000.    3  sen.  96  scholars.  Pop.  466. 

Allen  Centre,  p-o.,  in  Allen  t.,  Alleghany 
co  N.  Y.  The  town  is  7  n.  Angelica,  268  w.  by 
s.  Albany,  341  W.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  the  soil  clay  and  sandy  loam.  It  has  1  store, 
cap  $2,500 ;  4  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,000. 

Allen's,  p-o.,  Miami  co.,  O.,  62  w.  Columbus, 
456  W. 

Allen's  Bridge,  p-o.,  Marlborough  dist.,  S.  C, 
148  n.  e.  Columbus,  437  W. 

Allen's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Cannon  co.,Tenn.,  bt  s. 
E.  by  e.  Nashville,  614  W. 

Allen's  Fresh,  p-o.,  Charles  co.,  Md.,  81  s.  s. 
w.  Annapolis,  41  W. 

Allen's  Hill,  p-o.,  Richmond  t.,  Ontario  co., 
N.  Y.,  217  w.  Albany,  354  W.  It  has  a  church, 
2  stores,  12  dwellings. 

Allen's  Settlement,  p-o.,  Claiborne  par., 
La.,  396  N.  w.  N.  Orleans,  1,266  W. 

Allen's  Station,  p-o.,  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn., 
246  Nashville,  456  W. 

Allenstown,  p-t.,  Merrimac  co.,  N.  H.,  10  s 
K.  Concord,  480  W.  It  is  on  the  Suncook  r.,  soil 
moderately  good,  with  growth  of  oak  and  pine 
timber.    Incorporated  1831 ;  4  sch.  106  scholars. 

P°P- 445-  «      £ 

Allensville,  p-o.,  Mifflen  co.,  Pa.,  76  n.  w. 

Harrisburg,  157  W. 

Allensville,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  O.,  72  s.  by  e. 
Columbus,  373  W. 

Allensville,  p-o.,  Todd  co.,  Ky.,  186  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  710  W. 

Allensville,  p-o.,  Switzerland  co.,  la.,  102  s. 
s.  E.  Indianapolis,  534  W. 

Allensville,  p-o.,  Forsyth  co.,  Ga.,  115  n.  n. 
w.  Milledgeville,  647  W. 

Allentown,  p-v.,  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  Ills.  Tus- 
caloosa, 903  W. 

Allentown,  p-v.,  in  Upper  Freehold  L,  Mon- 
mouth co.,  N.  J.,  12  e.  by  N.  Trenton,  178  W. 
It  has  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist  church,  1 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  a  cotton  fac,  and  some  good 
frame  and  brick  houses.  The  village  is  pleasant, 
but  the  land  around  is  not  very  good. 

Allentown,  p-b.,  (called  also  Northampton,) 
capital  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  87  e.  n.  e.  Harrisburg, 
180  W.  It  contains  15  stores,  cap.  $231,600 ;  2 
tanneries,  1  pottery,  4  printing  offices,  4  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $55,410.  1  acad. 
30  students,  7  sch.  425  scholars.    Pop.  2,493. 

Alligator,  p-o.,  Columbia  co.,  Flor.,  110  s.  e. 
by  E.  Tallahassee,  851  W. 

Allinsonville,  p-o.,  Marion  co.,  la.,  19  n.  by 
E.  Indianapolis,  571  W. 

Allison,  t.,  Clinton  co.,  Pa.,  has  6  stores,  cap. 
$27,500 ;  1  tannery,  1  brewery,  2  printing  offices, 
2  weekly  newspapers.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,835. 

1  sen.  70  scholars.    Pop.  643. 
Alloway,  p-v.,  Lyons  t.,  Wayne  co.,  N.  Y., 

183  w.  N.  w.  Albany,  354  W.  It  is  on  the  e.  side 
of  Canandaigua  outlet,  3  ms.  s.  of  the  village  of 
Lyons.    It  has  1  church,  2  stores,  2  flouring  m., 

2  saw  m.,  2  distilleries,  2  cloth-dressing  works, 
and  40  dwellings.    Pop.  300. 

Alloway's  Creek,  Salem  co.,  N.  J.,  rises  in 
this  co.,  and  falls  into  the  Delaware  r.  6  ms.  s.  of 
Salem.  It  is  20  ms.  long,  and  navigable  12  ms. 
for  wood  boats. 

Allowaystown,  p-v.,  Salem  co.,  N.  J.,  60  s. 
8.  w.  Trenton,  171  W.  It  contains  1  Baptist  and 
1  Methodist  church,  4  or  5  stores,  and  /0  or  80 
dwellings.  Two  large  saw  m.  are  chiefly  em- 
ployed in  cutting  ship  timber. 

Almirante,  p-o.,  Walton  co.,  Flor.,  132  w. 
Tallahassee. 


Almond,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y.,  14 e.  An- 
gelica, 240  w.  by  s.  Albany.  The  surface  is  un- 
even, and  the  soil  generally  a  fertile  clay  loam. 
Watered  by  Canisteo  r.  The  v.  has  1  Presbyte- 
rian and  1  Baptist  church,  60  dwellings,  and  400 
inhabitants.  In  the  t.  are  4  stores,  cap.  $24,000 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1 
furnace.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,000.  It  has  12 
sch.  565  scholars.     Pop.  1,434. 

Alna,  p-t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  10  n.  Wiscasset, 
20  B.  by  e.  Augusta,  598  W.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1794,  with  the  name  of  New  Milford.  The 
Sheepscot  r.  passes  through  it.  It  has  6  stores, 
cap.  $5,800  ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  2  grist  m., 
4  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,250.     Pop.  990. 

Alps,  p-v.,  Nassau  t.,  Rensselaer  co.,  N.  Y., 
24  e.  by  s.  Albany,  384  W.  It  contains  1  store 
and  30  dwellings.     Pop.  200. 

Alq.uina,  p-o.,  Fayette  co.,  la.,  65  e.  s.  e.  Indian- 
apolis, 521  W.  '  ■ 

Alsace,  t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.  Situated  on  the  e. 
side  of  Schuylkill  r.  The  surface  is  mountain- 
ous, and  the  soil  calcareous  and  productive.  Wa- 
tered by  Roush's  cr.,  which  affords  Water  power. 
There  are  2  churches,  common  to  the  Lutherans 
and  Presbyterians.  It  has  2  fulling  m.,  4  grist  m., 
3sawm.     Pop.  2,498. 

Alstead,  p-t.,  Cheshire  co.,  N.  H.,  14  N.  Keene, 
66  w.  by  s.  Concord,  450  W.  It  is  watered  by 
Cold  r.  and  the  branches  of  Ashuelot  r.  It  was 
chartered  in  1763  under  the  name  of  INewton.  It 
has  a  good  soil,  which  is  well  cultivated.  It  has 
4  stores,  cap.  $12,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $51,060.  2 
acad.  59  students,  14  sch.  454  scholars.  Pop. 
1,454. 

Althea,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  111.,  45  w.  by  s. 
Springfield,  825  W. 

Alton,  p-t.,  Belknap  co.,  N.  H.,  28  n.  e.  Con- 
cord, 25  n.  w.  Dover,  509  W.  It  lies  on  Lake 
Winnepisiogee,  a  bay  of  which  extends  1,800  rods 
into  the  town,  and  receives  Merrymeeting  r.  The 
soil  is  uneven  and  rough,  but  productive  ;  and  the 
natural  growth  is  oak,  beech,  maple,  and  pine. 
It  was  settled  in  1770,  and  incorporated  in  1796, 
originally  called  New  Durham  Gore.  It  contains 
7  stores,  cap.  $9,300  ;  1  grist  m.,  25  sch.  798  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  2,002. 

Alton,  p-v.,  Sodus  t.,  Wayne  co.,  N.  Y.,  219 
N.  w.  Albany,  367  W.  It  is  on  the  ridge  road, 
13  n.  w.  Lyons.  It  has  1  store,  3  saw  m.,  and  25 
dwellings.     Pop.  150. 

Alton,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  O.,  9  n.  Columbus, 
402  W. 

Alton,  p-o.,  Dearborn  co.,  la.,  89  s.  e.  Indian- 
apolis, 540  W. 

Alton,  p-t  and  city,  Madison  co.,  111.,  82  w. 
by  s.  Springfield,  808  W,  is  situated  on  the  e. 
bank  of  the  Mississippi,  2*  ms.  above  the  mouth 
of  the  Missouri,  18  ms.  below  the  mouth  of  the 
Illinois.  In  commercial  advantages  it  is  second 
to  no  town  in  the  state.  It  has  the  best  landing 
for  steamboats  on  the  e.  bank  of  the  Mississippi 
A  flat  rock,  level  with  the  surface  of  the  ground, 
forms  an  excellent  natural  wharf.  The  finest 
timber  surrounds  it  for  several  miles,  which  will 
furnish  a  vast  amount  of  lumber.  Bituminous 
coal  exists  in  great  abundance,  near  the  town. 
Limestone,  freestone,  and  water  limestone,  exist 
in  abundance.  The  corporate  bounds  of  the  city 
extend  2  mile3  along  the  river,  and  half  a  mile 
back.  There  are  5  squares  reserved  for  public 
purposes,  and  a  large  reservation  at  the  landing 
place.  Market-street  is  150  feet  wide,  and  other 
streets  from  60  to  180  feet,  regularly  laid  out. 

There  are  6  churches,  several  of  which  are 
large  and  handsome.    The  Baptists,  Presbyteri- 


A  ME 


31 


AMEI 


ans,  Methodists,  Protestant.  Methodists,  Episcopa- 
lians, Unitarians,  and  German  Evangelical  chnrch, 
have  each  a  place  of  worship.  There  is  a  bank, 
an  insurance  office,  a  Lyceum,  and  a  mechanics' 
association.  Depositories  of  the  bible,  tract,  tem- 
perance and  Sunday  school  societies  are  kept  in 
a  large  building,  erected  for  the  purpose.  7  or  8 
steamboats  are  owned  here.  The  growth  of  this 
place  has  been  exceedingly  rapid.  There  were 
in  1840, 4  for.  com.  houses,  cap.  $22,000 ;  38  stores, 
cap.  $319,800;  1  brewery,  1  flouring  m.,  3  saw 
m.,  3  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers,  and  1 
periodical.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $80,175.  8  sch. 
253  scholars.     Pop.  2,340. 

Alton  Hill,  p-o.,  Smith  co.,  Tenn. 

Alum  Bank,  p-o.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  117  w.  s. 
w.  Harrisburg,  143  W. 

Alum  Crkek,  p-o.,  Delaware  co.,  O.,  31  Co- 
lumbus, 401  W. 

Amagansett,  p-v.,  East  Hampton  t.,  Suffolk 
co.,  N.  Y.,  near  the  e.  extremity  of  Long  Island. 
Contains  35  dwellings. 

Amanda,  p-o.,  Greenup  co.,  Ky.,  156  e.  n.  e. 
Frankfort,  419  W. 

Amanda,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  O.,  drained  by  the 
head  waters  of  Blanchard's  fork  of  the  Auglaize 
r.     It  has  3  sch.  153  scholars.     Pop.  490. 

Amanda,  p-t.,  Fairfield  co.,  O.,  12  e.  Circleville, 
33  s.  s.  e.  Columbus,  343  W.  It  is  watered  by 
Clear  cr.,  and  has  a  good  soil.    Pop.  1.937. 

Amanda,  t.,  Allen  co.,  O.,  is  a  good  township  of 
land.  The  Auglaize  r.  passes  centrally  through 
it.    Contains  1  sch.  25  scholars.    Pop.  280. 

Amanda ville,  p-o.,  Elbert  co.,  Ga.,  108  n.  by 
E.  Milledgeville,  532  W. 

Amazon,  p-o.,  Boone  co.,  III.,  242  n.  by  e. 
Springfield,  734  W. 

Amber,  p-v.,  Otisco  t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N.  Y., 
142  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  336  W.  Situated  near  Otis- 
co lake,  containing  1  church,  2  stores,  and  15 
dwellings.     Pop.  100. 

Amboy,  p-t.,  Oswego  co.,  N.  Y.,  80  e.  Oswego, 
137  Albany,  336  W.  The  surface  is  level,  and 
the  soil  a  rich  loam,  well  adapted  both  to  grain 
and  grazing.  It  is  watered  by  Salmon  and  Scriba 
crs.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $1,600 ;  1  tannery,  2 
grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,300.  11 
sch.  331  scholars.     Pop.  1,070. 

Amboy,  p-o.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.,  217  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 344  W. 

Amboy,  p-o.,  Lapier  co.,  Mich.,  49  n.  by  w 
Detroit,  574  W. 

Amboy  Perth,  city,  N.J.  (See  Perth  Amboy.) 

Amboy,  t.,  Lucas  co.,  O.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  7 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,000.  5  sch.  186 
scholars.     Pop.  452. 

Ambrosia,  p-o.,  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  s.  of  Iowa  city. 

Amelia,  p-o.,  Clermont  co.,  O.,  123  s.  s.  w. 
Columbus,  494  W. 

Amelia,  county,  Va.,  central  in  the  e.  part  of  the 
state.  The  surface  is  agreeably  diversified,  the 
soil  of  an  ordinary  quality.  It  is  drained  by 
branches  of  the  Appomattox  r.  It  contains  an 
area  of  300  sq.  ms.  Neat  cattle  6,029,  sheep  7,708, 
swine  12,664,  wheat  50,637,  Ind.  corn  244,785, 
oats  106,466,  potatoes  57,699,  tobacco  1,871,134 
pounds,  cotton  6,015;  13  stores,  cap.  $42,100;  1 
tannery,  3  flouring  m.,  18  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $20,650.  2  acad.  50  students, 
7  sch.  156  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  11,031  ;  in  1840, 
whites  3,074,  slaves  7,023,  free  col'd  223 ;  total, 
10,320.    Capital,  Amelia. 

Amelia,  p-v.,  capital,  Amelia  co.,  Va.,  45  s 
w.  by  w.  Richmond,  162  W.     It  contains  a  court 


Ter.,  Nassau  co.     It  is  15  ms. 
Fernandina,  a  town  at  the  v 


long,  and  4  wide, 
tv.  end,  was  once 


the  capital  of  Nassau  co.,  and  a  flourishing  place, 
but  it  lias  greatly  declined.  The  land  is  gener- 
ally fertile. 

Amenia,  p-t.,  Dutchess  co.,  N.  Y.,  20  e.  n.  e. 
Poughkeepsie,  70  s.  by  e.  Albany,  324  W.  The 
surface  is  much  diversified,  having  the  Taugh- 
kannic  mountains  on  the  E.  and  the  Fislikill 
range  on  the  s.  w.  with  a  considerable  valley  be- 
tween, through  which  flow  several  tributaries  of 
the  Housatonic.  Marble,  magnetic  iron  ore,  and 
some  mineral  Bprings,  are  found  here.  It  has  8 
stores,  cap.  $23,000 ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  flouring  m.,  4 
grist  m.,  7  saw  m.,  1  furnace.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$37,700.  1  acad.  249  students,  5  sch.  159  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  2,179. 

Amenia  Union,  p-v.,  in  the  above,  65  8.  by  e. 
Albany,  328  W.  Contains  2  churches,  2  stores, 
1  cotton  lac,  1  woollen  fac,  1  saw  m.,  and  35 
dwellings. 

Ameniaville,  v.,  Amenia  t.,  Dutchess  co.,  N. 
Y.,  25  E.  n.  E.  Poughkeepsie.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  Presbyterian,  a  Baptist  and  a  Methodist,  an 
academy,  3  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  and  40 
dwellings.     Pop.  200. 

America,  p-v.,  Wabash  co.,  la.,  81  n.  by  e. 
Indianapolis,  570.  W. 

Americus,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Sumpter  co., 
Ga.,  104  s.  s.  w.  Milledgeville,  760  W.  It  lies  16 
w.  Flint  r.,  and  con  tarns  a  court  house,  an  acade- 
my, 7  stores,  and  about  100  buildings. 

Americus,  p-o.,  Tippecanoe  co.,  la.,  73  n.  w. 
Indianapolis,  631  W. 

Ames,  p-v.,  Canajoharie  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  N. 
Y.,  56  n.  w.  Albany,  395  W.  It  contains  2 
churches,  an  academy,  1  store,  1  grist  m.,  and  25 
dwellings.     Pop.  175. 

Amesbury,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  44  n.  e. 
Boston,  475  W.,  on  the  n.  side  of  the  Merrimac 
A  pond,  covering  about  1,000  acres,  90  feet  above 
tide  water,  furnishes,  by  its  outlet,  an  extensive 
water  power.  Powow  r.  runs  through  it,  and 
furnishes  mill  seats.  This  river  is  navigable  to 
the  falls,  and  large  ships  are  built  here,  and 
floated  through  the  Merrimac  to  the  ocean.  There 
are  in  the  t.,  15  stores,  cap.  $18,170  ;  10  fulling 
m.,  2  woollen  fac,  3  tanneries,  1  pottery,  4  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $246,715.  1 
acad.  40  students,  15  com.  sch.  646  scholars. 
Pop.  2,471. 

Amesville,  p-v.,  Ames  t.,  Athens  co.,  O.,  84 
s.  e.  Columbus,  327  W.  In  Ames  t.  are  1  store, 
cap.  $1,000;  3  saw  m.,  9  schools,  218  scholars. 
Pop.  1,431. 

Amesville,  p-o.,  Boone  co.,  111.,  224  n.  by  E. 
Springfield,  783  W. 

Amherst,  p-t.,  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  113  Augusta, 
695  W.  1  saw  m.,  2  sch.  54  scholars.  Pop.  196. 
Amherst,  p-t.,  capital  of  Hillsborough  co.,  N. 
II.,  30  s.  Concord,  459  W.  Souhegan,  a  branch 
of  the  Merrimac,  furnishes  a  fine  water  power. 
Incorporated  1769.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $14,800 ; 
1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac $25,425;  11  sch.  512  scholars.  Pop.  1,565. 
Amherst,  p-t.,  Hampshire  co.,  Ms.,  82  w.  Bos- 
ton, 7  e.  by  n.  Northampton,  385  W.  2  branches 
of  Connecticut  r.,  furnish  good  water  power. 
It  had  in  1840, 14  stores,  cap.  $48,000 ;  2  woollen 
fac,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $62,400.  It  was  separated  from  Hadley,  and 
incorporated  in  1759.  It  is  the  seat  of  Amherst  Col- 
lege, a  highly  flourishing  institution,  which  was 
founded  in  1821,  and  incorporated  in  1825.    It  has  a 


house  and  other  county  buildings,  a  few  dwell-  President  and  10  Professors,  or  other  instructors, 
ings,  and  several  mechanic  shops.  The  whole  number  of  alumni  is  613,  of  whom 

Amelia  Island,  Flor.,  in  the  n.  e.  part  of  the  1 137  have  been  ministers  of  the  gospel.    It  naa 


AMI 


32 


ANA 


(1841)  157  students,  and  15,000  volumes  in  its 
libraries.  Its  philosophical  apparatus  is  very- 
complete,  and  it  has  a  fine  cabinet  of  natural  his- 
tory, including  mineralogy.  The  necessary  ex- 
penses are  from  $113  to  $137  annually.  The 
rooms  of  indigent  students  are  supplied  with  fur- 
niture. The  commencement  is  on  the  4th  Wed- 
nesday of  August.  The  buildings  are  conveni- 
ent and  commanding.  The  institution  has  been 
supported  chiefly  by  private  liberality.  Amherst 
has  2  parishes,  in  each  of  which  is  a  pleasant 
village,  and  a  Congregational  church.  It  has  1 
acad.  87  students,  8  sch.  586  scholars.     Pop.  2,550. 

Amherst,  t.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  n.  e.  Buffalo, 
283  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
the  soil  indifferent.  Tonawanda  cr.  runs  on  its 
N.  boundary,  and  Ellicott's  cr.  flows  through  its 
centre.  10  stores,  cap.  $18,700;  1  tannery,  1 
brewery,  1  distillery,  2  potteries,  3  flouring  m.,  7 
grist  m.,  1  furnace.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,900. 
Pop.  2,451. 

Amherst,  p-t.,  Lorain  co.,  O.,  8  w.  Elyria,  121 
N.  n.  E.  Columbus,  382  W.  The  v.  has  1  store, 
cap.  $2,000,  and  over  20  dwellings.  The  t.  was 
incorporated  in  1829.  It  has  1  tannery,  1  grist 
m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap  in  manufac.  $2,300.  7  sch. 
272  scholars.    Pop.  1,184. 

Amherst,  a  central  county  of  Va.,  on  the  n. 
side  of  James  r.  It  has  an  area  of  418  sq.  ms. 
The  country  is  elevated  and  finely  variegated, 
and  the  soil  tolerably  good.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  8,352,  sheep  6,235,  swine  16,913; 
wheat  112,677  bush,  produced,  rye  11,051,  Ind. 
corn  381,146,  oats  145,022,  tobacco  2,106,149 
pounds,  cotton  2,277 ;  18  stores,  cap.  $78,300,  7 
tanneries,  24  distilleries,  10  flouring  m.,  40  grist 
m.,  16  sawm.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $112,007.  17 
acad.  408  students,  11  sch.  266  scholars.  Pop. 
in  1830,  12,072;  in  1840,  whites  6,426,  slaves 
5,577,  free  col'd  373 ;  total,  12,576. 

Amherst,  p-o.,  and  capital  of  Amherst  co., 
Va.,  15  n.  n.  e.  Lynchburg,  115  w.  Richmond, 
176  W.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and 
county  offices,  all  of  brick,  2  stores,  1  tannery, 
15  dwellings,  and  130  inhabitants. 

Amissville,  p-o.,  Rappahannock  co.,  Va.,  116 
N.  N.  w.  Richmond,  65  W. 

Amite,  a  river  of  La.,  rises  in  Miss.,  and  flow- 
ing s.  unites  with  the  Ibberville  at  Galveston,  to 
which  it  is  navigable,  and  after  a  course  of  100 
ms.,  falls  into  Lake  Maurepas. 

Amite,  a  s.  w.  county  of  Miss.,  has  an  area  of 
900  sq.  ms.  It  is  watered  by  the  Amite  r.  and 
its  branches.  Good  land  is  found  along  the 
streams,  the  rest  is  uneven  and  moderately  fer- 
tile, well  covered  with  timber.  Capital,  Liberty. 
Neat  cattle  13,904,  sheep  5,212,  swine  29,428; 
Ind.  corn  311,270  bush.,  oats  18,205,  potatoes 
90,212,  rice  167,497  pounds,  cotton  5,066,605  ;  12 
stores,  cap.  $50,499 ;  34  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.,  2  print- 
ing offices,  one  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $107,325.  6  acad.  149  students,  11 
com.  sch.  199  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  7,934  ;  1840, 
whites  3,741,  slaves  5,741,  free  col'd  29 ;  total, 
9,511. 

Amity,  p-v.,  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  210  n.  e. 
Augusta,  805  W.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  2 
sch.  77  scholars.    Pop.  169. 

Amity,  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y.,  6  s.  Angelica, 
255  w.  s.  w.  Albany.  The  Genesee  r.  flows 
through  the  middle  of  it  from  s.  to  n.  On  the  r. 
the  soil  is  good.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $9,000 ;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $9,150.     Pop.  1,354. 

Amity,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  10  s.  Wash- 
ington, the  capital,  225  Harrisburg,  244  W. 
Amity,  t.,  Erie  co.,  Pa.    The  surface  is  hilly ; 


soil,  gravelly  loam.  It  contains  1  fulling  m.,  1  grist 
m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,080.  4  sch. 
175  scholars.     Pop.  560. 

Amity,  t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.  Watered  by  Mana- 
tawny  and  Manokesy  crs.,  which  afford  water 
power.  There  are  3  churches,  belonging  to  Lu- 
therans and  Presbyterians  ;  4  stores,  cap.  $18,000 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  6  grist  m.,  5  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,400.     Pop.  1,664. 

Amity,  p-v.,  Orange  co.,  N.  Y.,  122  s.  Albany, 
268  W.  It  has  a  Presbyterian  church,  2  stores, 
1  select  school,  and  15  dwellings.     Pop.  100. 

Ammonoosuc,  (Lower,)  r.,  N.  H.,  rises  in  the 
White  mountains,  and  after  a  course  of  50  miles, 
enters  the  Connecticut  in  Bath.  It  has  a  fall  of 
50  feet,  6  miles  from  the  .Notch  in  the  White 
mountains. 

Ammonoosuc,  (Upper,)  N.  H.,  has  a  course  of 
50  miles,  and  enters  the  Connecticut  in  North- 
umberland. 

Amorysville,  p-o.,  Gloucester  co.,  Va.,  17  e. 
Richmond,  464  W. 

Amoskeag,  p-v.,  and  Falls,  Hillsborough  co., 
N.  H.,  17  s.  by  e.  Concord,  464  W.  The  Merri- 
mac  r.  here  fails  54  feet  in  the  distance  of  a  mile 
and  a  half,  furnishing  an  extensive  water  power. 
The  water  is  taken  out  of  the  river  by  2  canals, 
each  a  mile  in  length,  for  the  supply  of  factories 
and  mills.  The  village  is  in  Goffstown,  and  has 
considerable  manufactures.  Boats  pass  these 
falls  by  a  canal,  one  mile  in  length,  with  9  locks, 
which  cost  $50,000. 

Amsterdam,  p-v.,  Amsterdam  t.,  Montgomery 
co.,  N.  Y.,  32  w.  Albany,  400  W.  The  village 
is  on  the  n.  side  of  the  Mohawk  r.,  over  which  is 
a  toll-bridge.  It  has  4  churches,  one  each  for 
Presbyterians,  Baptists,  Methodists,  and  Univer- 
salists,  1  bank,  an  academy,  female  seminary,  14 
stores,  2  grist  m.,  2  furnaces,  1  carpet  manufac- 
tory, 1  scythe  factory,  and  various  other  manufac- 
tories, 1  printing  office,  &c.  The  Utica  and 
Schenectady  railroad  passes  through  the  place. 
It  has  about  250  dwellings.  Pop.  about  1,700. 
The  t.  contains  15  stores,  cap.  $55,500  ;  1  fulling 
m.,  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  1  brewery,  2  flouring 
m.,  4  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$86,300.  It  has  1  acad.  130  students,  7  sch.  267 
scholars.     Pop.  5,333. 

Amsterdam,  p-v.,  Carroll  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  O., 
131  e.  by  n.  Columbus,  284  W. 

Amsterdam,  p-v.,  Botetourt  co.,  Va.,  181  w. 
by  s.  Richmond,  231  W.  It  contains  1  church, 
free  to  all  denominations,  1  store,  1  tannery,  and 
various  mechanic  shops.     Pop.  120. 

Amsterdam,  p-o.,  Cass  co.,  la.,  79  N.  by  w. 
Indianapolis,  617  W. 

Amsterdam,  p-o.,  Hinds  co.,  Miss.,  30  Jackson, 
1,042  W. 

Amwell,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly ;  soil,  loam.  Coal  is  abundant.  Drain- 
ed by  branches  of  Ten  Mile  cr.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $6,000  ;  1  tannery,  4  distilleries,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,400.  10  sch.  300  scholars. 
Pop.  1,536. 

Amwell,  t,  Hunterdon  co.,  N.  J.  The  sur- 
face is  uneven,  and  the  soil  in  some  parts  good. 
Drained  by  the  s.  branch  of  Raritan  r.  and  its 
tributaries.  It  contains  2  Presbyterian  churches  ; 
16  stores,  cap.  $55,800;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 

~    2  tanneries,  6  distilleries,  1  brewery,  1  pot- 


fac 


tery,  1  flouring  m.,  9  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  1  oil  rn. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $40,950.  11  sch.  331  scholars. 
Pop.  3,071. 

Anamickee,  county,  n.  e.  part  of  Mich.  Sit- 
uated around  Thunder  Bay,  and  w.  of  Lake  Hu- 
ron. Contains  about  600  sq.  ms.  Principal 
stream,  Thunder  Bay  r.  (Unorganized.) 


AND 


33 


AND 


Anandale,  p-o.,  Butler  co.,  Pa. 

Anaquascook,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  N.  Y., 
40  n.  by  E.  Albany,  410  W. 

Anastasia,  island,  Flor.,  on  the  E.  coast,  18 
ms.  long,  and  about  H  broad.  A  signal  tower 
on  its  n.  end,  is  in  29°  50'  n.  lat.  4°  29'  w.  Ion, 
from  W. 

ANCRAM,p-t., Columbia  co., N.  Y.,  45  s.  s.  E.  Al- 
bany, 340  W.  It  is  watered  by  Ancram  and 
Punch  creeks,  on  the  former  of  which  are  ex- 
tensive iron  works.  The  iron  works  contain  1 
furnace,  2  forges,  and  30  or  40  dwellings.  The 
iron  which  is  here  manufactured,  is  distinguished 
for  its  strength  and  tenacity,  and  is  extensively 
made  into  gun-barrels.  The  ore  is  procured  in 
the  vicinity,  most  of  it  from  the  margin  of  Salis^ 
bury,  Conn.  The  town  yields  not  only  iron,  but 
also  lead  ore.  The  property  is  generally  held 
on  life  leases,  having  formerly  belonged  to 
Livingston's  Manor.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $3,700 ; 
1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  furnace.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $3,300.    10  sch.  474  scholars.    Pop.  1,770. 

Ancram  Lead  Mines,  p-v.,  in  the  above  t, 
50  s.  s.  e.  Albany,  345  W.  Situated  on  Punch 
creek.  It  has  1  store,  and  a  few  dwellings.  A 
rich  lead  ore  exists  in  the  vicinity,  but  is  not 
much  wrought. 

Andalusia,  p-o.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  113  e.  Har- 
risburg,  153  W. 

Anderson,  p-o.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.,  205  n.  e. 
Columbus,  321  W. 

Anderson,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  N.  J.,  51  n.  Tren- 
ton, 212  W. 

Anderson,  one  of  the  n.  w.  districts  of  S.  C, 
lying  between  the  Savannah  and  Saluda  rivers. 
It  contains  about  800  sq.  ms.  It  forms  part  of 
what  was  formerly  Pendleton  dist.,  which  has 
been  superseded.  It  is  drained  by  branches  of 
the  Savannah  and  Saluda  rivers.  Capital,  An- 
derson. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  18,499, 
sheep  10,387,  swine  36,381 ;  wheat  106,105  bush, 
produced,  rye  1,511,  Ind.  corn  698,518,  oats 
69,988,  potatoes  34,575,  tobacco  3,875  pounds, 
cotton  2,349,054 ;  20  stores,  cap.  $54,500 ;  1  cot- 
ton fac,  1,308  sp.,  8  tanneries,  26  distilleries,  13 
flouring  m.,  38  grist  m.,  29  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $136,973.  5  acad.  233  students,  29  sch. 
687  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  17,169;  1840,  whites 
12,747,  slaves  5,683,  free  col'd  63 ;  total,  18,493. 

Anderson,  p-v.,  capital  of  Anderson  dist.,  S. 
C,  127  n.  w.  Columbia,  546  W.  The  village  is 
incorporated,  and  contains  1  Baptist,  1  Method- 
ist, and  1  Presbyterian  church,  2  academies,  6 
stores,  and  40  dwellings.    Pop.  500. 

Anderson,  a  central  county,  Ky.,  has  an  area 
of  about  170  sq.  ms.  It  is  drained  by  Salt  river 
and  branches.  Capital,  Lawrenceburg.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,418,  sheep  8,518, 
swine  14,237 ;  wheat  24,526  bush,  produced,  rye 
7,685,  Ind.  corn  221,574,  oats  43,823,  potatoes 
5,700,  tobacco  34,476 ;  5  stores,  cap.  $39,400 ;  4 
tanneries,  8  distilleries,  9  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $26,115.  7  sch.  175  scholars.  Pop. 
1840,  whites  4,372,  slaves  1,059,  free  col'd  21 ; 
total,  5,452. 

Anderson,  a  central  county  of  e.  Tenn.,  has 
an  area  of  750  sq.  ms.,  with  a  rough  surface  and 
a  fertile  soil.  It  is  watered  by  Clinch  r.  Capital, 
Clinton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,428, 
sheep  5,463,  swine  18,655 ;  wheat  18,003  bush, 
produced,  Ind.  corn  335,685,  buckwheat  8,360, 
oats  35,665,  potatoes  5,440,  tobacco  5,402  pounds, 
cotton  8,386,  sugar  5,034 ;  7  stores,  cap.  $22,400 ; 
3  tanneries,  18  distilleries,  1  flouring  m.,  15  grist 
m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,140.  1  acad. 
14  students.  Pop.  1830,  5,310;  1840,  whites 
5,218,  slaves  425,  free  col'd  15  ;  total,  5,658. 
5 


Anderson,  t.,  Hamilton  co.,  O.,  on  the  Ohio 
r.  It  contains  the  village  of  Newton,  10  n.  e. 
Cincinnati.  It  embraces  all  the  Virginia  military 
lands,  which  lie  in  the  county.     Pop.  2,311. 

Anderson,  t.,  Rush  co.,  la.  2  sch.  60  scholars. 
Pop.  1,423. 

Andersonburg,  p-o.,  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  40  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  128  W. 

Anderson  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Macoupin  co., 
m.,  25  s.  by  w.  Springfield,  797  W. 

Anderson's  Store,  p-o.,  Caswell  co.,  N.  C. 
81  N.  n.  w.  Raleigh,  277  W. 

Anderson's  Store,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  O.,  83 
S.  E.  Columbus,  325  W. 

Andersontown,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Madi- 
son co.,  la.,  39  n.  E.  Indianapolis,  548  W.  It  is 
situated  on  the  s.  side  of  White  r. 

Andersonville,  p-v.,  Pickens  dist.,  S.  C, 
145  n.  w.  Columbia,  547  W. 

Andersonville,  p-o.,  Cobb  co.,  Ga.,  123  n. 
w.  Milledgeville,  666  W. 

Andersonville,  p-v.,  Franklin  co.,  la.,  53  s. 
e.  Indianapolis,  537  W. 

Andes,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.,  N.  Y.,  87  s.  w.  Al- 
bany, 344  W.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  the  soil 
adapted  to  grazing.  It  is  watered  by  the  Papac- 
ton  Dranch  of  the  Delaware,  and  its  tributary 
Tempers  kill,  &c.    The  village  has  2  churches, 

1  store,  and  about  20  dwellings.    The  t.  has  6 
stores,  cap.  $10,950 ;  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries, 

2  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,400. 
17  sch.  737  scholars.    Pop.  2,176. 

Andesville,  p-o.,  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  33  w.  by  n. 
Harrisburg,  121  W. 

Andover,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  62  w.  s.  w. 
Augusta,  624  W.  It  was  incorporated  in  1804. 
It  is  watered  by  Ellis'  r.,  a  branch  of  the  Andros- 
coggin. The  land  is  of  a  good  quality,  and  the 
town  is  surrounded  by  mountains.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $500;  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  6  sch.  105 
scholars.     Pop.  551. 

Andover,  p-t.,  Merrimack  co.,  N.  H.,  22  n. 
w.  Concord,  497  W.  It  is  watered  by  Black- 
water  r.  The  surface  is  very  uneven,  and  in 
some  parts  it  is  rocky  and  barren,  but  in  other 
parts  fertile.  It  was  first  settled  in  1761,  and  in- 
corporated by  its  present  name  in  1779.  There 
is  an  academy,  with  a  fund  of  $10,000.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $6,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,100.  9  sch.  344  scholars. 
Pop.  1,168. 

Andover,  p-t.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  20  s.  w. 
Windsor,  91  s.  Montpelier,  453  W.  It  lies  on  the 
margin  of  the  Green  mountains,  and  the  surface 
is  uneven  and  rough,  and  chiefly  adapted  to  graz- 
ing. It  is  watered  by  the  head  branches  of  Wil- 
liams r.  First  settled  in  1776.  It  contains  1  full- 
ing m.,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$2,750.   9  sch.  293  scholars.    Pop.  877. 

Andover,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  21  n.  Boston, 
16  n.  w.  Salem,  454  W.  It  is  on  the  s.  w.  side 
of  Merrimack  r.,  and  is  watered  also  by  the 
Shawsheen  r. ;  is  elevated,  pleasant,  and  well 
cultivated.  Incorporated  in  1646.  Its  stream* 
furnish  a  good  water  power,  which  is  extensively 
employed  in  manufacturing.  It  has  14  stores, 
cap.  $4,700 ;  5  fulling  m.,  6  woollen  fac,  1  fur- 
nace, 1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $417,700.  The  s.  village  contains  5 
churches — 1  Congregational,  1  Episcopal,  1  Bap- 
tist, 1  Universalist,  and  1  Methodist— a  bank,  a 
savings  institution,  an  insurance  office,  Philips' 
Academy,  and  the  Andover  Theological  Semi- 
nary. Philips'  Academy  was  founded  in  1788 
by  the  Hon.  Samuel  and  John  Philips.  It  has 
funds  to  the  amount  of  over  $50,000.  The  num- 
ber of  students  is  limited  to  130,  which  is  its 


ANG 


34 


ANN 


usual  number,  all  of  whom  study  the  learned 
languages,  under  a  principal  and  three  assistants. 
The  academic  building  is  of  brick,  80  by  40  feet, 
on  a  range  with  the  theological  buildings,  40  rods 
distant.  This  is  the  best  endowed  academy  in 
the  state. 

The  Andover  Theological  Seminary  was  found- 
ed in  1807,  and  opened  in  the  autumn  of  1808. 
It  has  an  elevated  and  commanding  location. 
The  buildings  consist  of  three  dwelling  houses 
for  professors ;  a  steward's  house,  containing  a 
dining  hall ;  and  three  public  edifices  of  brick ; 
Philips'  Hall,  90  by  40  feet,  4  stories,  containing 
32  rooms  for  students ;  Bartlet  chapel,  94  by  40 
feet,  containing  a  chapel,  library,  and  three  lec- 
ture rooms ;  and  Bartlet  Hall,  104  by  40  feet,  4 
stories,  containing  32  suits  of  rooms  for  students. 
The  institution  is  under  a  president  and  four  pro- 
fessors :  the  associate  professor  of  sacred  litera- 
ture ;  the  Abbott  professor  of  Christian  theology ; 
the  Bartlet  professor  of  sacred  rhetoric  ;  and  the 
Brown  professor  of  sacred  rhetoric  and  ecclesias- 
tical history.  The  students  on  entering  are  re- 
quired to  have  a  liberal  education,  and  testimo- 
nials of  good  character  and  talents,  and  complete 
their  course  in  three  years.  They  are  divided 
into  the  junior,  middle,  and  senior  classes.  Tui- 
tion and  room  rent  are  free  to  all,  and  further  aid 
is  furnished  to  the  indigent.  A  public  examina- 
tion and  commencement  are  held  on  the  4th 
Wednesday  of  Sept.  It  has  142  students  ;  785 
have  completed  their  education  here  since  its 
first  establishment;  and  the  libraries  contain 
17,500  volumes.  The  whole  amount  contributed 
by  its  donors  is  about  $400,000.  A  seminary  for 
teachers  was  founded  in  Andover  in  1830,  which 
gives  a  thorough  education,  and  promises  to  be 
of  great  use  in  preparing  competent  teachers  for 
schools.  Manual  labor  is  connected  with  the  in- 
stitution. 4  acad.  379  students,  23  sch.  1,153 
scholars.    Pop.  1830,  4,540;  1840,  5,207. 

Andover,  p-v.,  Tolland  co.,  Ct.,  19  e.  Hartford, 
350  W. 

Andover,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y.,  15  s.  e. 
Angelica,  257  w.  by  s.  Albany,  317  W.  It  is  on 
the  line  of  the  N.  York  and  Erie  railroad.  The 
v.  has  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Baptist  church,  25 
dwellings,  and  150  inhabitants.  There  are  in 
the  t.  2  stores,  cap.  $8,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  grist  m., 
4  saw  m.   Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,000.     Pop.  848. 

Andover,  p-v.,  Sussex  co.,  N.  J.,  64  n.  Tren- 
ton, 236  W. 

Andover,  t.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.,  s.  E.  corner  of 
the  co.     Pop.  881. 

Andover,  p-v.,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  142  w. 
Detroit,  577  W. 

Andover,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  111.,  130  Spring- 
field, 859  W. 

Andrew,  n.  w.  county  Missouri,  on  the  Mis- 
souri r.  Principal  streams,  Platte  and  102  rivers, 
Capital,  Savannah.     Erected  since  1840. 

Andrew,  C.  H.,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Iowa. 

Andrews,  p-v.,  Williamsport  t.,  Richland  co., 
22  s.  E.  Bucyrus,  47  n.  by  e.  Columbus,  394  W 

Andrews'  Bridge,  p-o.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa., 
61  s.  E.  Harrisburg,  106  W. 

Androscoggin  r.,  (or  Ameriscoggin)  Me.,  is 
formed  by  the  junction  of  Magalloway  r.  and  the 
outlet  of  Umbagog  lake.  Its  course  is  first  s.  in 
N.  H.,  then  e.  into  Me.,  and  s.  e.  until  it  enters 
the  Kennebec,  at  Merrymeeting  Bay,  6  miles 
above  Bath,  18  ms.  from  the  ocean.  It  runs  40 
ms.  in  N.  H.  and  100  in  Me. 

Angelica,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Alleghany 
coM  N.  Y.  The  t.  contains  1,257  inhabitants. 
The  v.  is  on  Angelica  cr.,  262  w.  Albany,  335 
W     Incorporated  1835.  It  has  1  Presbyterian,  1 


Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist  church,  a  bank,  120 
dwellings.  Pop.  900,  in  the  t.  11  stores,  cap. 
$50,250 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery, 
2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $31,600. 

Angley's  Branch,  p-o.,  Barnwell  dist.,  S.  C 
97  s.  by  w.  Columbus,  603  W. 

Angola,  p-o.,  Collins  t.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y.,  306 
w.  Albany,  358  W. 

Angola,  p-v.,  capital  of  Steuben  co.,  la.,  174 
n.  n.  e.  Indianapolis,  549  W.  In  the  t.  are  2  sch. 
53  scholars.     Pop.  166. 

Annapolis,  city  and  port  of  entry,  capital  of 
Maryland,  and  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  on  the  w. 
side  of  the  Severn,  2  miles  from  its  mouth  in 
Chesapeake  Bay,  28  s.  s.  E.  Baltimore,  40  e.  n. 
e.  W.  39°  n.  lat.,  76°  43'  w.  Ion.,  and  0°  31'  e. 
Ion.  W.  Pop.  1830,  2,623;  1840,  2,792.  It  has 
been  the  seat  of  government  in  Md.  since  1699. 
The  tonnage  of  the  port  in  1840,  was  4,519.  The 
state  house  is  a  fine  building  in  the  centre  of  the 
city,  from  which,  and  from  the  Episcopal  church, 
the  streets  radiate  as  from  two  centres.  There 
is  an  Episcopal  and  a  Methodist  church,  a  market 
house,  bank,  and  theatre,  and  about  350  dwel- 
lings, stores,  &c.  The  University  of  Maryland 
has  one  of  its  branches  here,  called  St.  John's  col- 
lege, chartered  as  a  Roman  Catholic  institution  in 
1784 ;  but  as  such  became  extinct ;  and  has  been 
resuscitated  under  different  auspices.  It  has  a 
president,  four  professors,  or  other  instructors, 
120  alumni,  of  whom  6  were  ministers,  27  stu- 
dents, and  4,000  volumes  in  its  libraries.  Com- 
mencement 22d  Feb.  Aid  is  afforded  to  indi- 
gent students.  The  city  contains  40  stores,  cap. 
$59,550 ;  1  tannery,  2  printing  offices,  2  semi- 
weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,150. 
5  acad.  97  students,  3  sch.  181  scholars. 

Annapolis,  p-v.,  Salem  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  O.,  16 
N.  w.  Steubenville,  128  e.  by  n.  Columbus,  281 W. 

Annapolis,  p-o.,  Parke  co.,  la.,  68  w.  Indian- 
apolis, 637  W. 

Ann  Arbor,  p-v.,  capital  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich, 
on  the  w.  bank  of  the  Huron  r.  It  is  regularly 
laid  out  on  elevated  ground,  with  a  dry  soil.  It  has 
a  court  house,  jail,  bank,  4  churches — 1  Presby- 
terian, 1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  1  Universalist — 2 
printing  offices,  with  2  weekly  newspapers, 
about  20  stores,  1  large  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  1  iron  foundry,  1  plane  fac,  &c. 
The  University  of  Michigan  has  been  located  in 
this  place.  It  has  a  flourishing  academy,  with 
70  students.  The  town  contains  27  stores,  cap. 
$94,575 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery, 
2  distilleries,  2  breweries,  2  flouring  m.,  5  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $46,750. 

Anne  Arundel,  county,  Md.,  on  the  w.  side  of 
Chesapeake  Bay.  It  has  a  rolling  surface,  and 
a  soil  moderately  fertile.  Capital,  Annapolis. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  13,854,  sheep 
18,189,  swine  31,741 ;  wheat  206,143  bushels  pro- 
duced, rye  26,179,  oats  266,132,  potatoes  51,776 ; 
127  stores,  cap.  $164,365 ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  woollen 
fac,  2  cotton  fac.  400  sp.,  4  furnaces,  2  tanneries, 
5  flouring  m.,  33  grist  m.,  16  saw  m.,  3  printing 
offices,  1  weekly,  2  semi-weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $307,150.  1  college  35  student?, 
13  acad.  242  students,  32  sch.  1,018  scholars.  Pop 
29,532. 

Annawaika,  p-o.,  De  Kalb  co.,  Ala. 

Annisquam,  p-o.,  Essex  co.,  Ms.,  39  Boston, 
479  W. 

Annsville,  t.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  25  n.  w. 
Utica,  118  n.  w.  Albany.  Watered  by  Fish  cr. 
It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $10*500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  wool- 
len fac,  3  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.,  1  fur- 
nace. Cap.  in  manufac.  $20,875  12  sch.  519 
scholars     Pop  1,765. 


ANT 


35 


APP 


Annsburg,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.  Watered 
by  Narraguagus  r.     Pop.  23. 

Annsville,  v.,  Dinwiddie  co.,  Va.,  57  s.  w. 
Richmond. 

Annville,  p-L,  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.,  19  k.  Har- 
risburg,  129  W.    Pop.  2,949. 

Anson,  p-t.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  44  n.  e.  Au- 
gusta, 639  W.  It  is  on  the  w.  side  of  the  Ken- 
nebec river.  It  is  well  cultivated,  and  pro- 
duces good  wheat.     It  has  8  stores,  cap.  $6,800 ; 

2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $8,650.  1  acad.  30  students,  23  com.  sch. 
837  scholars.    Pop.  1,941. 

Anson,  county,  N.  C,  on  its  s.  border,  with 
Rocky  r.  on  the  n.,  and  the  Yadkin  r.  e.  It  is 
watered  by  branches  of  these  rivers,  and  con- 
tains 760  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  uneven.  Cap- 
ital, Wadesboro'.  There  were  in  1810,  neat  cat- 
tle 15,461,  sheep  10,401,  swine  28,492;  wheat 
39,991  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  416,102,  oats 
25,528,  potatoes  32,744,  tobacco  3,210  pounds, 
cotton  9,078,659 ;  17  stores,  cap.  $115,800  ;  1  tan- 
nery, 21  distilleries,  2  flouring  m.,  30  grist  m.,  13 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $33,637.  7  acad.  150 
students.  Pop.  1830,  14,081 ;  1840,  whites  9,633, 
slaves  5,304,  free  col'd  140 ;  total,  15,077. 

Antes,  n-t.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  116  Harris- 
burg,  172  W.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $24,500 ;  1 
woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  furnace,  1  distillery, 
4  grist  m.,  38  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,940. 
8  sch.  560  scholars.     Pop.  2,154. 

Anthony's  Creek,  p-o.,  Greenbriar  co.,  Va., 
220  w.  by  N.  Richmond,  257  W. 

Anthony's  nose,  the  name  of  several  eleva- 
ted peaks  in  N.  Y.,  2  in  the  Highlands,  on  the  e. 
of  Hudson  r.,  1  in  Johnstown,  n.  of  the  Mohawk 
river. 

Antietam  Creek,  runs  through  Washington 
co.,  Md.,  into  the  Potomac. 

Antioch,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  O.,  274  e.  by  s. 
Columbus,  126  W. 

Antioch,  p-o.,  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  88  s.  Tusca- 
loosa, 900  W. 

Antistown,  v.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  124  w. 
Harrisburg. 

Antoine,  p-t.,  Clark  co.,  Ark.,  86  Little  Rock, 
1,151  W.    Pop.  245. 

Antrim,  p-t.,  Hillsborough  co.,  N.  H.,  28  w.  by 
s.  Concord,  460  W.  It  is  watered  by  Contocook 
r.  and  North  Branch  r.,  which  furnishes  valuable 
mill  seats.  It  has  6  ponds  well  stored  with  fish. 
One  of  them,  Gregg's  pond,  covers  200  acres, 
and  is  80  feet  deep.  On  the  streams  are  fertile 
intervales,  and  otherwise  it  is  uneven,  but  good 
for  grazing.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $7,000  ;  1  full- 
ing m.,  3  tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $31,545.  12  sch.  421  scholars.  Pop. 
1,225. 

Antrim,  p-v.,  Guernsey  co.,  O.,  91  e.  Colum- 
bus, 40  e.  Zanesville,  307  W.     It  has  3  churches, 

3  stores,  1  acad.,  which  is  flourishing,  and  about 
30  buildings. 

Antrim,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  O.,    Pop.  261. 

Antrim,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  209  w.  Har- 
risburg, 229  W. 

Antrim,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.  Watered  by 
Conecheague  cr.  and  its  tributaries.  The  sur- 
face is  level,  and  the  soil  calcareous  loam.  It 
Has  7  stores,  cap.  $48,000 ;  1  woollen  fac,  3  tan- 
neries, 3  distilleries,  2  flouring  m.,  9  grist  m.,  8 
saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $22,450.  13 
sch.  493  scholars.    Pop.  4,061. 

Antrim,  t.,  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.  1  saw  m. 
Pop.  117. 

Antwerp,  p-t.,  Jefferson  co.,  N.  Y.,  20  n.  e. 
Watertown,  169  n.  w.  Albany,  438  W.  The 
surface  is  uneven,  and  the  soil  a  clay  loam,  and 


fertile.  It  is  watered  by  Oswegatchie  r.  on  the 
n.,  and  Indian  r.  on  the  s.  It  has  6  stores,  cap. 
$23,000 ;  3  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  m 
manufac.  $22,150.  12  sch.  295  scholars.  Pop.  3,109. 

Antwerp,  p-o.,  Paulding  co.,  O. 

Antwerp,  t.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.  2  sawm. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,000.  6  sch.  88  scholars. 
Pop.  316. 

Anville,  t.,  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.  The  surface 
is  level,  and  the  soil  gravel  and  calcareous  loam. 
Drained  by  Quitapahilla  cr.,  which  affords  water 
power.  It  has  11  stores,  cap.  $47,000  ;  1  fulling 
m.,  1  woollen  fac,  3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  8 
grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$33,820.  2  acad.  62  students,  6  sch.  194  scholars. 
Pop.  2,949. 

Apalachin,  p-o.,  Tioga  co.,  N.  Y.,  169  s.  w. 
Albany,  283  W. 

Apollo,  p-v.,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  193  w.  Har. 
risburg,  216  W. 

Appalachee,  a  large  open  bay  on  the  coast  of 
Florida,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Through  this 
bay  is  a  passage  10  feet  deep,  which  is  gradually 
reduced  to  8,  by  which  St.  Marks  is  reached.  It 
furnishes  the  best  anchorage  ground  along  the 
coast  for  the  distance  of  230  miles. 

Appalachian  mts.    See  Alleghany  mts. 

Appalachicola,  p-v.,  port  of  entry  and  capi- 
tal Franklin  co.,  Flor.,  135  s.  w.  Tallahassee, 
976  W.  It  is  situated  on  a  bluff  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Appalachicola  r.,  w.  side.  It  occupies  a 
square  mile,  and  is  regularly  laid  out.  On  Front- 
street  there  are  7  blocks  of  large  brick  stores  and 
warehouses,  with  granite  fronts,  back  of  which 
the  houses  are  of  wood.  It  has  1  Episcopal 
church,  2  banks,  is  the  seat  of  admiralty  jurisdic- 
tion, and  has  1  weekly  newspaper.  This  place 
is  a  considerable  cotton  mart.  It  generally  has  a 
number  of  large  vessels  in  its  harbor,  and  20 
steamboats,  besides  other  craft,  navigating  the 
Appalachicola  r.  The  tonnage  in  1840,  was 
4,054. 

Appalachicola  r.  is  formed  by  the  union  of 
Chattahoochee,  and  Flint  rs.,  which  unite  in  the 
state  of  Georgia,  in  lat.  30°  42'  n.,  from  which 
it  proceeds  s.  70  ms.  to  St.  George's  sound,  and 
thence  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Near  the  mouth 
of  the  river  it  forms  a  broad  estuary,  denominated 
Appalachicola  Bay,  which  connects  with  St. 
George's  sound.  The  latter  is  enclosed  by  three 
islands,  and  is  50  miles  in  length,  and  from  4  to 
9  wide.  Between  the  islands  are  3  passages  in- 
to the  sound,  which  have  a  depth  of  about  15 
feet  of  water  at  low  tide.  The  river  is  navigable 
for  small  vessels  to  the  junction  of  the  Chatta- 
hoochee and  Flint  rs.  The  Chattahoochee,  the 
largest  branch,  is  navigable  for  boats  nearly  400 
miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  The  whole 
surface  drained  by  the  Appalachicola  and  its 
branches,  is  estimated  at  a  little  less  than  20,000 
sq.  miles. 

Appanoos,  p-o.,  Hancock  co.,  111.,  122  w.  n.  w. 
Springfield,  883  W. 

Apple  r.,  111.,  passes  through  Jo.  Daviess  co., 
in  the  n.  w.  part  of  the  state ;  and  after  a  course 
of  45  miles,  falls  into  the  Mississippi,  20  miles  be- 
low Galena.  It  is  50  yds.  wide  at  its  mouth.  It 
is  a  rocky  and  rapid  stream,  furnishing  many 
good  mill  seats. 

Apple  River,  p-o.,  Jo.  Daviess  co.,  111.,  215  n. 
by  w.  Springfield,  867  W. 

Apple  Creek,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  99  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 341  W. 

Apple  Creek,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  111.,  37  w.  by 
s.Springfield,  809  W. 

Apple  Creek,  p-o.,  Cape  Girardeau  co.,  Mo., 
212  s.  e.  Jefferson  city,  880  W. 


ARK 


36 


ARK 


Appleton.  p-o.,  Bennington  t.,  Licking  co.,  O., 
*>2  f  bv  n.  Columbus,  389  W. 

Appleton,  t.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  20  s.  w.  Belfast, 
84  n  w.  Portland,  35  E.  by  s.  Augusta.  Incor- 
porated 1829.  Situated  between  the  head  waters 
of  St.  George's  and  Muscongus  rs.  Soil  fertile. 
It  has  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $800.  5  sch. 
301  scholars.     Pop.  891. 

Appling,  county,  Ga.,  in  the  s.  part  of  the 
state,  contains  1,600  sq.  ms.  It  lies  on  the  s.  side 
of  Ockmidgee  r.  Drained  by  the  head  waters  ot 
Santilla  r.  Surface  level,  soil  sandy  and  light. 
Capital,  Holraesville.  There  were  m  1840,  neat 
cattle  13,328,  sheep  766,  swine  9,563;  wheat 
2,027  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  24,24o,  potatoes 
13,428,  cotton,  5,159  pounds;  4  stores,  cap. 
$8,200 ;  7  grist  m.,  7  saw  rn.,1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $5,150  2  sch.  55  scholars.  Pop.  1830  1,468  ; 
1840,  whites  1,755,  slaves  282,  free  col  d  15 ; 
total,  2,052.  ^T  ,r         * 

Appling,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  N.  Y.,  169  N.  w. 
Albany,  410  W.  .    , 

Appling,  C.  H.,  or  Applington,  p-v.,  capital 
of  Columbia  co.,  Ga.,  Ill  s.  s.  e.  Milledgeville, 
597  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  Great  Kiokee  cr., 
has  a  court  house,  jail,  an  acad.,  1  Baptist  and  1 
Methodist  church,  3  stores,  and  20  dwellings. 

Appomattox  r.,  Va.,  rises  in  Prince  Edward 
co.,  and  after  flowing  e.  120  miles,  unites  with 
James  r.  at  City  Point.  It  is  navigable  for  ves- 
sels of  100  tons  to  the  falls  at  Petersburg,  the 
head  of  tide  water.  There  is  a  canal  around 
these  falls,  and  the  r.  is  boatable  80  miles  above 

AppoaumiMiNK,  (hundred,)  Newcastle  co., 
Delaware.  It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $10,400 ;  3  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,110.  2  sch. 
61  scholars.    Pop.  3,075. 

Apulia,  p-o.,  Fabius  t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N.  Y., 
124  w.  Albany,  331  W. 

Aquasco,  p-o.,  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  51  s. 
w.  Annapolis,  44  W. 

Aquebogue,  p-v.,  Riverhead  t.,  Suffolk  co.,  N. 
Y.,  229  s.  s.  e.  Albany,  309  W.    It  has  1  church, 

1  store,  and  about  15  dwellings. 

Aquia,  p-o.,  Stafford  co.,  Va.,  42  s.  s.  w.  of  W., 
on  a  small  creek  of  the  same  name. 

Aquilla,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Ga.,  120  n.  by  e. 
Milledgeville,  576  W. 

Ararat,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Ala.,  122  s.  s. 
w.  Tuscaloosa,  940  W. 

Arator,  p-o.,  Pettis  co.,  Mo.,  58  w.  by  n.  Jeffer- 
son city,  994  W. 

Arbuckle,  p-o.,  Mason  co.,  Va.,  354  w.  by  N. 
Richmond,  367  W. 

Arcadia,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  111.,  40  s.  w. 
Springfield,  820  W. 

Arcadia,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  N.  Y.,  5  w.  Lyons, 
190  w.  N.  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil 
sandy  and  calcareous  loam.  Gypsum  is  found 
and  quarried.  Watered  by  Meed  cr.  The  v.  is 
situated  on  the  Erie  canal,  and  contains  1  Bap- 
tist church,  2  stores,  and  several  groceries,  1 
flouring  m.,  1  tannery,  100  dwellings,  and  500  in- 
habitants.   In  the  t.  are  14  stores,  cap.  $62,800 ; 

2  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  flouring 
m.,  1  grist  m.,  14  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1 
weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $103,145. 


46  students,  22  sch.  646  scholars.    Pop 
Madison  co.,  Mo.,  s.  e.  Jeffer- 


2  acad. 
4,980. 

Arcadia,  p-o.. 
son  city. 

Archer,  p-t.,  Harrison  co.,  O.,  122  e.  by  n. 
Columbus,  202  W.    It  is  watered  by  Stillwater 

and  its  tributaries.  It  has  5  sch.  230  scholars. 
Pop.  1,012. 

Arcola,  p-o.,  Loudon  co.,  Va.,  141  n.  Rich- 
mond, 36  W. 

Arcola,  p-v.,  Madison  t.,  Lake  co.,  O.  It  has 
30  dwellings,  2  blast  furnaces,  which  yield  1,400 
tons  of  fine  iron  castings  annually,  a  steam  grist 
m.,  and  various  mechanic  shops. 

Arenac  county,  Mich.  Situated  on  the  n.  w. 
side  of  Saginaw  Bay.  Contains  about  400  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Rifle  r.,  and  some  small  streams  fall- 
ing into  Saginaw  Bay.    (Unorganized.) 

Arentsville,  p-o.,  Adams  co.,  Pa. 

Arenzville,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  111.,  52  s.  w. 
Springfield,  832  W. 

Argentine,  t.,  Genesee  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  177. 

Argo,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  73  e.  by  s.  Jef- 
ferson city,  917  W. 

Argosville,  p-o.,  Schoharie  co.,  N.  Y.,  46  w. 
Albany,  395  W. 

Argus,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Ala.,  141  s.  E. 
Tuscaloosa,  395  W. 

Argyle,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  N.  Y.,  36  n.  Al- 
bany, 416  W.  The  v.  is  on  Moseskill,  and  was  in- 
corporated in  1838.  It  has  1  Scotch  Presbyterian, 
1  Cameronian,  and  1  Methodist  church,  5  stores, 

1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  fulling  m.,  1  carding  ma- 
chine, and  80  dwellings.  Pop.  of  the  v.,  500. 
In  the  t.  are  10  stores,  cap.  $25,000  ;  2  fulling  m., 

2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $1,500.  17  sch.  363  scholars.    Pop.  3,111. 

Argyle,  p-o.,  McDonough  co.,  111.,  92  n.  w 
Springfield,  865  W. 

Argyle,  p-t.,  Cumberland  co.,  N.  C,  74  s.  s. 
w.  Raleigh,  361  W. 

Argyle,  t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  89  n.  e.  Au- 
gusta. The  soil  is  fertile,  and  produces  good 
wheat.  It  has  2  grist  m.,  42  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $101,800.  8  sch.  204  scholars.  Pop. 
527. 

Arietta,  t,  Hamilton  co.,  N.  Y.,  72  n.  w. 
Albany.  It  is  a  large  t.,  partly  settled  on  the 
s.  only.  It  contains  several  lakes.  Drained  by 
Canada  cr.  and  Sacandago  r.  2  stores,  cap. 
$8,500  ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.    Pop.  209. 

Arkansas  river,  Ark.,  rises  in  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  about  lat.  42°  n.  near  the  sources  of 
the  Del  Norte,  and  near  the  boundary  between 
the  United  States  and  Mexico,  and  for  some  dis- 
tance forms  a  part  of  that  boundary.  It  flows 
through  the  central  part  of  Arkansas,  and  after  a 
whole  course  of  2,170  miles,  enters  the  Mississip- 
pi in  lat.  33°  40'  n.  Its  general  course  is  E.  s.  E 
It  is  navigable  for  boats,  at  some  seasons,  1,980 
ms.  The  navigation  is  not  obstructed  by  rocks, 
shoals,  or  rapids.  The  country  watered  by  the 
Arkansas,  in  its  upper  parts,  is  sterile ;  but  in  the 
lower  parts  it  is  tolerably  fertile,  and  on  its 
alluvial  borders,  it  is  rich.  The  whole  surface 
drained  by  this  river  and  its  tributaries,  is  esti- 
mated at  178,000  sq.  ms. 


ARKANSAS. 

Arkansas,  one  of  the  Western  United  States,  is  bounded  n.  by  Missouri ;  E.  by  the  Mississippi 
river,  which  separates  it  from  Tennessee  and  Mississippi ;  and  w.  by  the  Indian  territory.  It  is 
between  33°  and  36°  30'  n.  lat.  and  between  89°  30' and  94°  30'  w.  Ion.,  and  between  12°  30'  and 
17°  ^  w.  Ion.  from  W.  It  is  240  miles  long,  and  228  wide,  containing  54  500  square  miles  ;  or 
34,880,000  acres.    The  population  in  1830  was  30,388 ;  in  1840, 97,574,  of  which  19,935  were  slaves. 


ARK 37 ARK 

Of  the  free  population,  42,211  were  white  males;  34,963  do.  females  ;  248  were  colored  males;  217 
do.  females.  Employed  in  agriculture,  26,355 ;  in  commerce  215 ;  in  manufactures  and  trades, 
1,173 ;  navigating  the  ocean,  3 ;  do.  rivers,  canals,  &c.  39  ;  learned  professions,  301. 

This  state  is  divided  into  40  counties,  which,  with  their  population  in  1840,  and  their  capitals, 
were  as  follows :  Arkansas,  1,346,  Arkansas  Post ;  Benton,  2,228,  Bentonville ;  Carroll,  2,844,' 
Carrollton  ;  Chicot,  3,806,  Columbia ;  Clarke,  2,309,  Greenville ;  Conway,  2,892,  Lewisburg  ; 
Crawford,  4,266,  Van  Buren ;  Crittenden,  1,561,  Marion ;  Desha,  1,598,  Belleville ;  Frank- 
lin, 2,665,  Ozark;  Greene,  1,586,  Gainesville ;  Hemsptead,  4,921,  Washington;  Hot  Springs, 
1,907,  Hot  Springs ;  Independence,  3,669,  Batesville ;  Izard,  2,244,  Athens ;  Jackson,  1,540, 
Elizabeth ;  Jefferson,  2,566,  Pine  Bluff;  Johnson,  3,433,  Clarkesville ;  Lafayette,  2,200, 
Lewisville  ;  Lawrence,  2,835,  Smithville  ;  Madison,  2,775,  Huntsville ;  Marion,  1,325,  Yell- 
ville ;  Mississippi,  1,410,  Osceola ;  Monroe,  936,  Lawrenceville ;  Phillips,  3,547,  Helena ;  Pike, 
969,  Murfreesboro ;  Poinsett,  1,320,  Bolivar ;  Pope,  2,850,  Dover ;  Pulaski,  5,350,  Little  Rock ; 
Randolph,  2,196,  Pochahontas ;  St.  Francis,  2,499,  Mount  Vernon;  Saline,  2,061,  Benton; 
Scott,  1,694,  Booneville  ;  Searcy,  936,  Lebanon ;  Sevier,  2,810,  Paraclifta ;  Union,  2,889,  Union 
C.  H. ;  Van  Buren,  1,518,  Clinton ;  Washington,  7,148,  Fayetteville ;  White,  929,  Searcy  ; 
Bradley,  erected  since  census,  Warren. 

Little  Rock,  on  the  s.  bank  of  the  Arkansas,  300  miles  from  the  Mississippi,  is  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment. 

In  the  eastern  part  of  the  state,  bordering  on  the  Mississippi  and  the  large  rivers  which  empty 
into  it,  the  country  is  low  and  swampy,  with  a  heavy  growth  of  timber,  and  is  frequently  overflow- 
ed. In  the  central  part,  it  is  undulated  and  broken ;  and  in  the  western  parts,  the  Ozark  mountains, 
rising  sometimes  to  the  height  of  1  or  2,000  feet,  cross  the  n.  w.  part  of  the  state.  The  Black  Hills, 
north  of  the  Arkansas,  and  the  Washita  Hills,  north  of  the  Washita  river,  have  considerable  eleva- 
tion. The  soil  is  of  every  variety,  from  the  most  productive  to  the  most  sterile.  On  the  margins 
of  the  rivers,  it  is  exceedingly  fertile  ;  but  back  of  this,  the  land  is  generally  poor.  Prairies  are 
abundant,  of  immense  extent ;  but  in  many  parts,  there  is  a  scarcity  of  water.  Cotton  and  Indian 
corn  are  the  staple  productions ;  but  the  country  is  well  calculated  for  raising  cattle.  Wild  animals 
and  fowls,  as  the  buffalo,  deer,  elk,  otter,  beaver,  rabbit,  racoon,  wild-cat,  catamount,  wolf,  bear, 
and  wild-geese,  turkeys,  and  quails,  are  abundant.  Near  the  centre  of  the  state  there  are  nume- 
rous hot-springs,  the  temperature  of  which  sometimes  rises  nearly  to  the  boiling  point,  though  sub- 
ject to  considerable  variation.    Iron  ore,  gypsum,  coal,  and  salt  are  found. 

There  were  in  this  state  in  1840,  51,472  horses  and  mules ;  188,786  neat  cattle  ;  42,151  sheep  ; 
393,058  swine ;  poultry  to  the  value  of  $109,468.  There  was  produced  105,878  bushels  of  wheat ; 
6,219  of  rye ;  4,846,632  of  Indian  corn  ;  189,553  of  oats ;  293,608  of  potatoes ;  64,943  pounds  of 
wool;  1,079  of  wax;  148,439  of  tobacco ;  5,454  of  rice;  6,028,642  of  cotton;  1,542  of  sugar ;  586 
tons  of  hay;  1,039  of  hemp  and  flax.  The  products  of  the  dairy  were  valued  at  $59,205 ;  of  the 
orchard,  $10,690  ;  of  the  forest,  $176,617. 

There  were  10  commercial  and  10  commission  houses  engaged  in  foreign  trade,  with  a  capital 
of  $91,000  ;  263  retail  dry  goods  and  other  stores,  with  a  capital  of  $1,578,719;  263  persons  em- 
ployed in  the  lumber  trade,  with  a  capital  of  $12,220. 

The  amount  of  home-made  or  family  manufactures  was,  $489,750  ;  2  cotton  manufactories  with 
90  spindles,  employed  7  persons,  and  had  a  capital  of  $2,125 ;  7  persons  produced  5,500  bushels  of 
bituminous  coal,  with  a  capital  of  $605  ;  25  persons  produced  8,700  bushels  of  salt,  with  a  capital 
of  $20,800 ;  30  persons  produced  granite  and  marble  to  the  amount  of  $15,500 ;  3  persons  produced 
hats  and  caps  to  the  amount  of  $1,400,  with  a  capital  of  $400 ;  37  tanneries  employed  70  persons, 
and  a  capital  of  $43,510  ;  545  other  manufactories  of  leather,  as  saddleries,  &c,  produced  articles  to 
the  amount  of  $17,400,  with  a  capital  of  $8,830  ;  51  persons  produced  machinery  to  the  amount  of 
$14,065 ;  66  persons  produced  bricks  and  lime  to  the  amount  of  $319,696 ;  6  persons  produced 
142,775  pounds  of  soap,  and  16,541  pounds  of  tallow  candles,  and  632  pounds  of  wax  or  sperma- 
ceti candles,  with  a  capital  of  $200  ;  53  distilleries  produced  26,415  gallons,  employing  98  persons, 
and  a  capital  of  $10,205 ;  15  persons  produced  carriages  and  wagons  to  the  amount  of  $2,675,  with  a 
capital  of  $1,555 ;  1  powder  mill  made  400  pounds  of  gunpowder,  with  a  capital  of  $700 ;  10 
flouring  mills  produced  1,430  barrels  of  flour,  and  with  other  mills  employed  400  persons,  produ- 
cing articles  to  the  amount  of  $330,847,  and  employing  a  capital  of  $288,257 ;  45  persons  manufac- 
tured  furniture  to  the  amount  of  $20,293,  with  a  capital  of  $7,810 ;  21  brick  or  stone  houses,  and 
1,083  wooden  houses  built,  employed  1,251  persons,  and  cost  $1,141,174 ;  9  printing  offices,  1 
bindery,  3  semi-weekly  and  6  weekly  newspapers  employed  37  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $13,100. 
The  whole  amount  of  capital  employed  in  manufactures  was  $424,467. 

In  the  eastern  part  of  the  state,  particularly  in  the  country  bordering  on  the  rivers,  and  especially 
on  the  Arkansas,  the  climate  is  moist  and  unhealthy.  But  toward  the  middle  and  in  the  western 
part,  the  climate  becomes  healthy. 

This  state  is  well  situated  for  commerce,  having  an  easy  communication,  by  means  of  its  rivers, 


ARK 


38 


ARM 


^^"Mississippi.  The  Arkansas,  the  principal  river,  rises  in  the  Rocky  Mountain*  and 
^vvithabroadand  deep  current  through  the  state,  in  a  s.  eastward*  direction  I .is  naviga- 
b^for  teamboats,  300  miles  to  Little  Rock  ;  and  in  time  of  high  water,  3d0  miles  farther  to  Fort 
Slon  wtoh  is  west  of  the  limits  of  the  state.  The  Red  river  passes  through  the  s.  w.  part  of 
the  state     The  St.  Francis,  the  White,  and  the  Washita,  are  other  important  rivers. 

LttieRock;  Arkansas,  an  old  French  settlement  on  the  Arkansas ;  Columbia  and  Helena  on 
the  Mississippi ;  Batesvilie  on  White  river ;  Fayetteville  in  the  N.  w.  part  of  the  state  ;  and  *ul- 
ton  on  Red  river,  are  considerable  and  growing  places. 

This  state  is  too  young  to  have  done  much  for  education  in  its  higher  departments  There  is  no 
There  were  in  1840,  8  academies,  with  300  students;  and  113  common  and 


There  were  6,567  white  persons  over  20  years  of  age  who 


bank  with  3  branches,  and  a  capital  of  $1,501,888, 


college  in  this  state 

primary  schools,  with  2,614  scholars 

could  neither  read  nor  write.  .  ..'    __'J_. 

The  Methodists  and  Baptists  are  the  most  numerous  religious  denominations,  though  there  are 
some  Presbyterians,  Episcopalians,  and  Roman  Catholics 

At  the  commencement  of  1840,  there  was  " 
and  a  circulation  of  $301,310. 

At  the  close  of  1840,  the  state  debt  was  $3,755,362. 

The  constitution  of  this  state  was  formed  in  1836.  The  governor  is  chosen  by  the  people  for  4 
years  but  cannot  hold  the  office  more  than  8  years  in  12.  The  members  of  the  Senate  are  elected 
by  the  people  for  4  years,  and  the  representatives  for  2  years.  The  elections  are  viva  voce.  The 
Senate  can  never  consist  of  less  than  17,  nor  more  than  33  members  ;  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives of  less  than  54,  or  more  than  100  members.  The  judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  are  appointed 
for  8  years,  and  of  the  Circuit  Courts  for  4  years.  These  judges  are  chosen  by  the  legislature. 
The  judges  of  the  county  courts  are  chosen  by  justices  of  the  peace.  The  legislature  meets  once  in 
2  years.  Every  white  male  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  who  has  resided  in  the  state  6  months, 
is  entitled  to  vote.  .       .  . 

No  lotteries  can  be  established,  or  lottery  tickets  sold.  No  debtor  can  be  imprisoned,  without 
strong  presumption  of  fraud.  The  legislature  may  establish  one  bank  with  branches,  and  one 
banking  institution  to  promote  the  interests  of  agriculture.  It  cannot  emancipate  slaves,  without  the 
consent  of  their  owners.  Slaves  have  the  right  of  trial  by  jury,  and  suffer  the  same  degree  of 
punishment  for  a  crime  as  white  persons,  and  no  other.  Courts  of  justice  are  obliged  to  assign  to 
slaves,  counsel  for  their  defence. 

Arkansas  was  a  part  of  the  Louisiana  purchase.  It  was  made  a  separate  territory  m  1819,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  Union  in  1836.    It  derives  its  name  from  the  great  river  which  runs  through  it- 

and  suited  to  grazing  and  to  grain.     It  has  4  saw 


Arkansas  county,  Ark.,  lies  on  both  sides  of 
Arkansas  r.,  near  its  mouth.  White  r.  runs  on 
its  n.  e.  boundary.  It  is  watered  on  the  n.  parts 
by  Bayou  Agnew  r.,  which  enters  White  r.,  and 
Big  Meter  r.,  which  enters  the  Arkansas.  The 
south  end  of  Grand  Prairie  is  in  this  county,  and 
is  very  rich  land.  The  surface  is  generally 
level,  though  rising  some  in  the  w.  part.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,251,  sheep  413,  swine 
6,810.  Ind.  corn  70,834  bush,  produced,  potatoes 
3,164^  tobacco  1,422  pounds,  cotton  361,404;  2 
stores,  cap.  $27,250 ;  5  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  sch. 
24  scholars.  Pop.  whites  980,  slaves  361,  free 
col'd  5  ;  total,  1,346. 

Arkansas  Post,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Arkansas 
co.,  Ark.,  117  s.  E.  Little  Rock,  1,087  W.  It 
was  founded  by  the  French  in  1685.  It  is  on 
the  n.  bank  of  Arkansas  r.  in  34°  n.  lat.  and  14° 
25'  w.  Ion.  from  W.  It  occupies  a  high  bluff  of 
sterile  land,  and  has  flats  in  the  rear,  inundated 
at  certain  seasons  by  White  r.  It  is  50  miles 
above  the  Mississippi,  by  the  course  of  the  river. 
Contains  a  printing  office,  court  house,  jail,  and 
40  or  50  houses. 

Arkport,  p-v.,  Hornellsville  t.,  Steuben  co., 
N.  Y.,  246  w.  by  s.  Albany,  322  W.  It  is  on 
Canisteo  r.,  and  contains  1  store  and  30  dwell- 
ings.   Pop.  175. 

Arkville,  p-o.,  Middletown  t.,  Delaware  co., 
N.  Y.,  83  s.  w.  Albany,  393  w. 

Arkwright,  p-t.,  Chautauque  co.,  N.  Y.,  328 
w.  by  s.  Albany,  350  W.  It  has  7  schools,  320 
scholars.  Pop.  1,418.  It  occupies  the  height  of 
land  from  which  the  water  flows  in  opposite  direc- 
tions N.  s.  e.  and  w.    The  soil  is  gravelly  loam. 


m.    Cap.  in  manufec.  $2,245.  7  sch.  Pop.  1,410. 

Arlington,  p-t.,  Bennington  co.,  Vt  ,15  n. 
Bennington,  103  s.  w.  Montpelier,  420  W.  It 
is  watered  by  Green  r.,  and  other  branches  of  the 
Battenkill,  which  latter  passes  through  the  n. 
part  of  the  town.  These  streams  afford  a  good 
water  power.  The  land  is  generally  good,  and 
particularly  on  the  rivers.  A  good  white  marble 
is  quarried  and  exported,  and  lime  is  produced 
There  is  a  chalybeate  spring,  and  a  curious  cav- 
ern, in  the  town.  It  contains  3  stores,  capital 
$13,500.  1  fullingm.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1 
grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $24,850 
9  sch.  325  scholars.     Pop.  1,038. 

Armada,  t.,  Macomb  county,  Mich.,  has  9  sch. 
303  scholars.    Pop.  652. 

Armagh,  p-b.,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  60  e.  Pitts- 
burg, 158  w.  by  n.  Harrisburg,  201  W.  It 
contains  40  dwellings ;  3  stores,  cap.  $20,000 ;  1 
tannery.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,200.     Pop.  625. 

Armagh,  t.,  Mifflin  co.,  Pa.,  contains  4  stores, 
cap.  $26,200;  1  woollen  fee,  2  tanneries,  1  distil- 
lery, 4  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$39,320.    7  sch.  250  scholars.     Pop.  1,468. 

Armenia,  p-o.,  Scriven  co.,  Ga.,  122  E.  s.  e. 
Milledgeville,  661  W. 

Armstrong,  county,  Pa.,  central  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state,  contains  575  sq.  ms.  The  Alleghany 
r.  passes  through  the  co.,  and  its  tributaries  Red- 
bank,  Mahoning,  and  Crooked  creeks.  The  sur- 
face is  agreeably  diversified.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  26, 1 10,  sheep  54,815,  swine  29,621; 
wheat  289,789  bushels  produced,  rye  138,120, 
Indian    corn    171,089,    oats    508,998,    potatoes 


ASC 


39 


ASH 


170,046  ;  79  stores,  cap.  $186,200 ;  2  woollen  fac- 
tories, 12  fulling  ra.,  25  tanneries,  68  grist  m.,  91 
saw  m.;  5  potteries  produced  $1,010;  machinery, 
$19,660;  3  furnaces;  bushels  of  bituminous  coal 
prod.  705,490 ;  of  salt,  322,030.2  printing  offices,  2 
weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $225,825. 
2  acad.  166  students,  105  schools,  1,936  scholars. 
Pop.  28,365. 

Armstrong,  t.,  Indiana  county,  Pa.  The  sur- 
face is  level ;  soil,  clay  and  gravel.  Drained  by 
Crooked  cr.  It  contains  3  stores,  cap.  $4,500  ;  3 
tanneries,  3  distilleries,  3  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $13,260.  2sch.  76  schol.    Pop.  1,054. 

Armstrong,  p-o.,  Wabash  co.,  111.,  176  s.  e. 
Springfield,  708  W. 

Armstrong's  Mills,  p-o.,  Belmont  co.,  Ohio, 
131  e.  Columbus,  292  W. 

Armutchee,  p-o.,  Floyd  co.,  Ga.,  174  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  659  W. 

Arneytown,  p-v.,  Hanover  t,  Burlington  co., 
N.  J.,  15  s.  E.  Trenton,  176  W.  It  contains  a  large 
Friends'  meeting-house,  1  store,  and  15  dwellings. 

Arnheim,  p-o.,  Brown  co.,  Ohio,  97  s.  s.  w. 
Columbus,  464  W. 

Arnoldsburgh,  p-o.,  Kanawha  co.,  Va.,  352 
w.  N.  w.  Richmond,  320  W. 

Arnoldtown,  p-v.,  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  138 
w.  by  s.  Richmond,  213  W. 

Aroostook,  co.,  Me.,  in  the  n.  e.  part  of  the 
state,  is  a  long  co.,  extending  to  the  Canada  line, 
and  unsettled  in  its  n.  part.  Watered  by  Mada- 
waska  r.,  Aroostook  r.,  and  Matawamkeag  r.,  and 
branches.  Its  waters  flow  partly  into  St.  John's 
r.,  and  partly  into  the  Penobscot.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,109,  sheep  9,905,  swine 
4,303 ;  wheat  41,982  bush,  produced,  oats  36,518, 
buckwheat  21,912,  potatoes  108,554;  20  stores, 
cap.  $13,029 ;  2  tanneries,  2  flouring  m.,  13  grist 
m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,800.  28 
sch.  1,150  scholars.     Pop.  9,413. 

Aroostook  r.,  Me.,  rises  in  the  e.  part  of  Pis- 
cataquis co.,  separated  by  high  lands  from  the 
head  waters  of  the  Penobscot,  which  are  not  more 
than  20  miles  distant.  Several  ponds  connect 
with  its  head  waters  ;  its  course  is  circuitous,  to 
the  n.  e.  and  e.  until  it  falls  into  the  St.  John's 
in  New  Brunswick.  A  road  passes  from  Bangor 
to  Fort  Fairfield  on  this  river,  near  the  E.  boun- 
dary of  the  United  States.  The  lands  on  this  r. 
are  very  fertile,  and  are  said  to  equal  the  best 
lands  in  the  state  of  N.Y.  for  the  culture  of  wheat. 

Arrow  Rock,  p-v.,  Saline  co.,  Mo.,  72  n.w.  Jef- 
ferson city,  986  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  s.  side 
of  the  Missouri  r.,  on  a  high  bluff,  with  a  good 
landing.  Here  is  a  ferry  across  the  Missouri  r. 
It  is  surrounded  by  a  fertile  country. 

Arthursburg,  p-o.,  La  Grange  t.,  Dutchess 
co.,  N.  Y.,  83  s.  Albany,  310  W. 

Asbury,  p-v.,  Mansfield  t.,  Warren  co.,  N.  J., 
42  n.  Trenton,  202  W.    It  has  1  Methodist  church. 

2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  woollen  factory, 

3  stores,  and  about  30  dwellings. 

Asbury,  p-o.,  Perry  co.,  O.,  46  E.  s.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 357  W. 

Asbury,  p-o.,  Fayette  co.,  Ala.,  52  n.  w.  Tus- 
caloosa, 854  W. 

Ascension,  parish,  La.,  in  the  middle  of  the  s 
E.  part  of  the  state,  on  both  sides  of  the  Missis- 
sippi r.  The  surface  is  level,  and  is  overflowed  in 
the  annual  inundation  of  the  river,  the  banks  of 
which  constitute  the  highest  land  in  the  parish. 
The  La  Fourche,  one  of  the  outlets  of  the  Missis- 
sippi, passes  off  at  Donaldsonville,  in  this  parish 
The  principal  settlement  is  on  the  borders  of  the 
river,  where  the  land  is  also  best  for  cultivation, 
which  is  chiefly  devoted  to  sugar  and  cotton.  It 
also  produces  oranges,  figs,  peaches,  plums,  &c. 


in  abundance.  Capital,  Donaldsonville.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,815,  sheep  3,845,  swine 
1,082,  Ind.  corn  280,725  bush,  produced,  potatoes 
750,  cotton  1,028,050  pounds,  sumir  13.568,000; 
20  for.  and  commission  houses,  cap.  $280,000 ;  78 
ret.  stores,  cap  $50,000 ;  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $50,000.  3  acad.  56  students,  2  com.  sch.  69 
scholars.  Pop.  1830,  5,426 ;  1840,  whites  2,255, 
slaves  4,553,  tree  colored  143;  total,  6,951. 

Ascutney  mountain,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  lies 
between  Windsor  and  Weathersfield.  It  is  ele- 
vated above  Connecticut  r.,  at  Windsor,  2,903 
feet,  and  3,320  feet  above  the  level  of  the  ocean. 
Its  basis  is  granite,  and  it  has  but  little  vegeta- 
tion.  It  is  5  miles  w.  of  Connecticut  r.,  and  5  s. 
w.  Windsor  v.  The  prospect  from  the  summit  is 
very  extensive  and  beautiful. 

Ash,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  949. 

Ashborough,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  N.  C,  72  w. 
Raleigh,  329  W. 

Ashburnham,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  53 
N.  w.  Boston,  426  W.  It  is  watered  by  the  head 
branches  of  Miller's,  Nashua,  and  Souhegan  rs., 
issuing  from  ponds.  Miller's  river  flows  into  the 
Connecticut,  and  the  others  into  the  Merrimac. 
The  surface  is  uneven,  the  soil  fertile,  particular- 
ly in  grass,  and  the  forest  trees  are  large.  Great 
and  Little  Wetatick  mts.  are  in  the  town,  the  for- 
mer in  the  n  e.,  the  latter  s.  w.  of  them.  It  con- 
tains 5  stores,  cap.  $11,700;  1  cotton  fac.  784 
sp.,  value  of  manufac.  articles  $16,000 ;  3  tan- 
neries, 3  grist  m.,  18  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$48,250;  10  sch.  549  scholars.     Pop.  1,652. 

Ashby,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Ms.,  47  n.  n.  w 
Boston,  443  W.  It  borders  on  the  line  of  N.  H. 
Surface  moderately  uneven,  and  the  soil  is  good, 
particularly  for  grazing.  A  head  branch  of  Nashua 
r.  furnishes  good  water  power.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $5,000 ;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap 
in  manufac.  $2,100.  1  acad.  50  students,  9  sch. 
375  scholars.    Pop.  1,246. 

Ashe,  county,  N.  C,  in  the  n.  w.  part  of  the 
state.  It  is  an  elevated  table  lana,  between 
Bald  mt.  and  Blue  Ridge.  It  has  an  area  of  840 
sq.  miles,  and  is  drained  by  the  head  waters  of 
Great  Kenawha  and  Holston  rivers.  The  sur- 
face is  rough,  and  the  soil  moderately  good.  Cap- 
ital, Jeffersonton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle, 13,611,  sheep  16,522,  swine  24,071 ;  wheat 
10,836  bushels  produced,  rye  17,805,  Ind.  corn 
150,279,  oats  108,505,  potatoes  57,982,  sugar 
16,193  pounds,  wool  22,202;  8  stores,  capital 
$48,000 :  3  tanneries,  97  distill.,  57  grist  m.,  20  saw 
m.,  2  sch.  58  schools.  Pop.  1830,6,991;  1840,  whites 
6,911,  slaves  497,  free  colored  59 ;  total,  7,467. 

Ashfield,  p  t.,  Franklin  county,  Ms.,  108  w. 
Boston,  403  W.  The  land  is  elevated,  and  drain- 
ed by  branches  of  Deerfield  and  Westfield  rivers. 
Incorporated  in  1764.  It  has  4  stores,  capital 
$18,300 ;  3  fulling  m..  2  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries, 
1  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,000, 
13  sch.  366  scholars.    Pop.  1,610. 

Ashford,  p-t.,  Windham  co.,  Ct.,  32  E.  Hart- 
ford, 368  W.  The  surface  is  rough  and  stony,  but 
well  adapted  to  grazing.  Several  small  streams 
afford  good  water  power.  Incorporated  in  1714. 
It  contains  12  stores,  cap.  $20,250  ;  2  woollen  fac, 
1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$84,400.  1  acad.  32  students,  18  sch.  817  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  2,651.  ^t  w    one 

Ashford,  p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.  Y.,  295  w. 
by  s.  Albany,  345  W.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
the  soil  clay  loam ;  and  it  is  drained  by  Cattarau- 
gus cr.  and  its  tributaries.  It  has  1  store,  cap 
$2,000.  1  fulling  m.,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap 
in  manufac.  $4,000.  It  has  10  sch.  346  scliolars. 
Pop.  1,469. 


AST 


40 


ATH 


Ashland,  p-o.,  Bertie  co.,  N.  C. 
Ashland,  p-o.,  Union  co.,  Ky.,  224  w.  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  765  W. 

Ashland,  p-v.,  Richland  co.,  O.,  79  n.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 368  W.  It  has  6  stores,  2  churches,  1 
Methodist  and  1  Presbyterian,  and  70  dwellings. 
Pop.  about  500. 

Ashland,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  Tenn.,  88  s.  w. 
Nashville,  765  W. 

Ashley,  p-o.,  Pike  co.,  Mo.,  69  n.  e.  Jefferson 
city,  887  W. 

Ashleysville,  p-o.,  Hampden  co.,  Ms.,  97  w. 
Boston,  367  W. 

Ashport,  p-v.,  Lauderdale  co.,  Tenn.  It  is  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Mississippi,  near  the  lower  end 
of  the  Canadadian  reach.  It  has  several  ware- 
houses, and  a  steam  mill.    Pop.  about  200. 

Ashtabula,  county,  O.,  in  the  n.  w.  part  of  the 
state,  on  Lake  Erie.  It  is  drained  by  Grand  and 
Ashtabula  rs.,  and  Conneaut  cr.,  which  enter  Lake 
Erie,  and  by  the  head  waters  of  Chenango  cr., 
which  enters  Big  Beaver  r.  and  passes  into  the 
Ohio.  It  must  therefore  occupy  the  height  of 
land  between  Lake  Erie  and  the  Ohio.  The  soil 
is  generally  good.  It  was  organized  in  1811. 
Capital,  J  efferson.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 30,019,  sheep  39,633,  swine  13,143 ;  wheat 
105,693  bush,  produced,  rye  4,229,  Ind.  corn 
171,576,  buckwheat  4,495,  oats  142,256,  potatoes 
156,395,  tobacco  53,975  pounds,  sugar  148,563, 
silk  cocoons  260 ;  6  com.  mer.  houses,  cap.  $6,000 ; 
66  ret.  stores,  cap.  $122,500 ;  16  fulling  m.,  4  wool- 
len lac,  4  furnaces,  29  tanneries,  4  distilleries, 
34  grist  m.,  72  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices, 
2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $151,600. 
4  acad.  421  students,  133  sch.  5,769  scholars. 
Pop.  23,724. 

Ashtabula,  v.,  is  in  the  n.  e.  part  of  Ashtabula 
co.,  on  the  Ashtabula  r.,  near  its  entrance  into 
Lake  Erie,  191  n.  e.  Columbus.  There  are  2 
churches  and  10  stores. 

Ashville,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Buncombe 
co.,  N.  C,  256  w.  Raleigh,  486  W.  It  is  situated 
on  French  Broad  r.  Contains  a  court  house  and 
several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Ashville,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  St.  Clair 
co.,  Ala.,  90  n.  e.  Tuscaloosa.  Situated  on  the 
s.  e.  side  of  Canoe  cr.  It  contains  a  court  house 
and  several  dwellings. 

Ashuelot,  r.,  Cheshire  co.,  N.  H.    It  enters 
the  Connecticut  a  little  above  the  Ms.  line. 
Ashwood,  p-o.,  Maury  co.,  Tenn. 
Asp al ag a,  v.,  Gadsden  co.,  Flor.,  35  w.  Tal- 
lahassee. 

Aspen  Grove,  p-o.,  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  148 
s.  w.  Richmond,  235  W. 
Aspen  Wall,  p-o.,  Charlotte  co.,  Va. 
Assumption,  parish,  La.,  in  the  middle  of  the  s. 
E.  part  of  the  state.  It  has  the  Mississippi  on  the 
N.  e.,  and  the  Bayou  La  Fourche  passes  through 
it.  It  produces  cotton,  and  sugar,  and  some  or- 
anges. Capital,  Assumption  C.  H.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,647,  sheep  1,590,  swine 
6,340 ;  Ind.  corn  265,650  bush,  produced,  potatoes 
34,600,  cotton  2,106,700  pounds,  sugar  6,520,000 ; 
13  stores,  cap.  $30,000 ;  1  saw  m. ;  1  college,  44 
students.  Pop.  1830,  5,669 ;  1840,  whites  4,103, 
slaves  2,938,  free  col'd  50 ;  total,  7,141. 

Assumption,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  Assumption  parish, 
La.,  89  w.  N.  Orleans,  1,261  W.  Situated  on  w. 
side  of  Bayou  La  Fourche.  It  contains  a  court 
house  and  several  dwellings. 

Aston,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  Pa.    It  contains  4 
stores,  cap.  $9,500 ;  5  cotton  fac.  7,120  sp.,  1  tan- 
4  saw  mills.     Cap.  in  manufac 


situated  at  Hallett's  cove,  just  below  Hell  Gate, 
East  r.,  6  n.  e.  of  the  city  of  New  York.  It  con- 
tains 4  churches,  1  Dutch  Reformed,  1  Episcopal, 
1  Methodist,  and  1  Roman  Catholic,  a  female 
seminary,  2  stores,  a  turpentine  fac,  a  carpet  fac, 
and  hat  fac.  It  has  about  100  dwellings  and  600 
inhabitants.  It  is  connected  with  N.  York  by  a 
steam  ferry. 

Astoria,  p-o.,  Butler  co.,  O. 

Astoria,  p-o.,  Fulton  co.,  111.,  72  n.  n.  w. 
Springfield,  850  W. 

Astoria,  a  trading  post  8  ms.  from  the  mouth 
of  the  Columbia  r.,  on  the  s.  side,  near  the  Pacific 
It  was  established  by  the  enterprising  gentleman 
from  whom  it  was  named,  in  1811,  as  a  depot  of 
the  fur  trade,  in  which  he  was  largely  engaged, 
but  is  now  occupied  by  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany, and  called  Fort  George. 

Asylum,  p-t.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  145  n.  Harris- 
burg,  255  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  gravelly 
loam.  The  Susquehanna  r.  runs  on  its  n.  and  n. 
e.  border.  Drained  by  Duval's,  Sugar,  and  To- 
wanda  crs.  Wyalusing  rapids  or  falls  in  the  Sus- 
quehanna r.  are  in  this  t.  It  has  6  sch.  196  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  947. 

Atchafalaya,  an  outlet  of  the  Mississippi  r., 
which  it  leaves  a  little  over  a  mile  below  the 
mouth  of  the  Red  r.  It  flows  by  a  winding  course, 
147  ms.,  and  enters  a  bay  of  the  same  name,  25 
ms.  long,  which  sets  up  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 
It  receives,  in  its  course,  the  Placquemine,  an- 
other outlet  of  the  Mississippi.  It  forms  the  w. 
boundary  of  what  is  called  the  delta  of  the  Mis- 
sisippi.  Its  navigation  is  prevented  by  rafts,  form- 
ed by  trees  floated  down  by  the  Mississippi.  The 
Red  r.  has  recently  altered  its  channel,  by  which 
it  flows  into  the  Atchafalaya,  shortly  before  it  en- 
ters the  Mississippi,  though  the  deeper  channel  is 
probably  into  the  latter. 

Athens,  p-t.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  49  n.  Augusta, 
644  W.  Incorporated  in  1803.  It  is  drained  by 
a  tributary  of  the  Kennebec  r.,  and  contains  4 
stores,  cap.  $8,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  7  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,575.  It  has 
10  sch.  603  scholars.    Pop.  1,427. 

Athens,  p-t.,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  109  s.  Mont- 
pelier,  447  W.  Settled  in  1780.  The  surface  is 
uneven,  but  it  is  a  good  grazing  town,  and  has  a 
small  mill  stream.  It  contains  1  tannery,  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,200.  3  sch.  119  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  378. 

Athens,  p-t.,  Greene  co.,  N.  Y.,  5  n.  Catskill, 
29  s.  Albany,  341  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Hudson  r.,  opposite  the  city  of  Hudson. 
The  surface  is  hilly  on  the  w.,  but  less  so  near 
the  Hudson.  The  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Gray- 
wacke  slate  is  found  in  the  t.,  from  which  flag- 
ging stones  are  exported.  The  village  on  the 
Hudson  contains  1  Episcopal,  1  Dutch  Reformed, 
1  Lutheran,  and  1  Baptist  church,  and  a  Friends' 
meeting-house,  and  200  dwellings.  Incorporated 
1805.  In  the  t.  are  18  stores,  cap.  $35,610 ;  1  tan- 
nery, 1  distillery,  1  flouring  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$98,650.  3  sch.  80  scholars.  Pop.  2,387.  From 
20  to  25  sloops  are  employed  in  the  trade  with  N. 
York  city.  A  steam  ferryboat  connects  this  place 
with  Hudson. 

Athens,  p-b.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  152  n.  by  e» 
Harrisburg,  262  W.  It  was  formerly  called  Tio- 
ga Point,  and  is  situated  at  the  junction  of  Che- 
mung r.  with  the  Susquehanna.  It  is  beautifully 
situated  on  an  undulating  plain,  environed  by 
mountains.  It  has  1  Presbyterian  church,  an 
acad. ;  11  stores,  cap.  $29,450 ;  and  60  dwellings. 
Pop.  about  400.  The  North  Branch  canal,  of 
Pennsylvania,  terminates  here,  and  will  be  con- 


nery,  6  grist  m. 

$108,700.  3  sch.  70  scholars.    Pop.  1,469. 
Astoria,  p-v.   Newtown,  Queens  co.,  N.  Y.,  nected'by  a  railroad,  4  ms.,  with  the  New  York 


ATH 


41 


ATL 


and  Erie  railroad.  Its  advantages  promise  to 
make  it  a  place  of  importance.     The  t.  contains 

2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fee.,  2  grist  m.,  14  saw  m. 
5  sch.  275  scholars.     Pop.  1,532. 

Athens,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  grist 
m.,  5  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,300. 

Athens,  county,  O.,  is  in  the  s.  E.  part  of  the 
state,  on  the  Ohio  r.  It  contains  an  area  of  740 
sq.  ms.  The  Ilockhocking  r.  runs  in  a  s.  E.  di- 
rection through  the  co.,  and  several  of  its  branches 
furnish  good  mill  sites.  There  are  also  several 
other  small  rivers,  among  which  is  Raccoon  cr., 
in  the  w.  part  of  the  co.  Two  townships  in  this 
ro.,  containing  46,030  acres,  were  granted  by  the 
United  States  congress  to  the  Ohio  Company,  for 
the  use  of  a  university.  The  surface  is  broken 
and  hilly,  but  the  soil  is  productive,  and  adapted 
alike  to  grain  and  to  grazing.  Lime  and  freestone, 
and  clay  for  brick,  are  abundant,  and  furnish  great 
facilities  for  building.  Bituminous  coal  is  plenty, 
iron  ore  is  found  in  many  places,  and  several  wells 
have  been  sunk,  from  wliich  salt  of  an  excellent 
quality  is  manufactured.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  15,871,  sheep  29,590,  swine  24,459 ; 
wheat  175,894  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  387,077, 
oats  152,346,  potatoes  63,740,  tobacco  108,878 
pounds,  sugar  69,202,  salt  92,800  bush.,  bitumin- 
ous coal  84,200 ;  54  stores,  cap.  $64,700 ;  6  tan- 
neries, 1  distillery,  18  grist  m.,  52  saw  m.,  3  oil 
m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Can. 
in  manufac.  $105,850.  1  university,  and  1  acad., 
88  sch.  2,083  scholars.     Pop.  19,109. 

Athens,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Athens  co.,  Ohio. 
72  s.  e.  Columbus,  339  W.  It  is  beautifully  situ- 
ated on  a  peninsula,  formed  by  a  bend  in  the 
Hockhocking  r.  It  is  in  the  northernmost  of  2 
townships,  granted  by  congress  for  the  support 
of  a  university.  The  houses  are  generally  built 
of  brick,  and  are  large  and  commodious  ;  and  the 
whole  appearance  of  the  village  is  picturesque 
and  beautiful.  It  contains  over  100  dwellings 
and  710  inhabitants.  The  public  buildings  are 
a  Presbyterian  and  Methodist  church,  a  college, 
and  an  academy,  a  court  house,  public  offices,  a 
jail,  &c.  The  Ohio  University  was  founded  in 
1821,  has  a  president,  5  professors,  or  other  in- 
structors, 145  alumni,  of  whom  34  have  been 
clergymen  165  students,  and  2,500  volumes  in  its 
libraries.  The  commencement  is  on  the  first 
Wednesday  in  August.  Its  funds  yield  about 
$5,000.  Connected  with  it  is  an  academy,  with 
a  building  2  stories  high,  containing  40  students. 
The  college  edifice  including  a  stone  basement, 
is  4  stories  high,  on  a  slight  eminence  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  town,  with  abeautiful  green  of  several  acres 
in  front.  It  is  one  of  the  most  respectable  institu- 
tions of  the  kind  in  the  state.  There  are  in  the 
v.  13  stores,  cap.  26,600 ;  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m., 

3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $24,900.  3  schools, 
120  scholars.  Athens  t.,  in  which  the  above  vil- 
lage is  situated  has,  exclusive  of  the  village,  2  saw 
m.,  6  grist  m.,  9  sch.,  208  scholars.    Pop.  1,593. 

Athens,  p  t.,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  126  w.  De- 
troit, 584  W.  It  contains  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $3,000.     2  sch.  45  scholars.    Pop.  134. 

Athens,  t.,  Harrison  co.,  O.  It  has  7  sch.  242 
scholars.     Pop.  1,439. 

Athens,  p-o.,  Caroline  co.,  Va. 

Athens,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Clarke  co.,  Ga., 
75  n.  by  w.  Milledgeville,  610  W.  It  is  on  the 
w.  bank  of  the  Oconee  r.  It  is  the  seat  of  the 
Georgia  University,  which  was  founded  in  1785. 
It  has  a  president  and  8  professors,  or  other  in- 
structors, 433  alumni,  116  students,  and  11,000 
volumes  in  its  libraries.  The  commencement  is 
on  the  first  Wednesdav  in  August.  It  has  a  fund 
of  $100,000  in  bank  stock,  and  50,000  acres  of 


land.  It  has  a  line  philosphiral  apparatus,  which 
cost  $12,000.  It  has  2  large  buildings,  120  by  45 
feet,  a  chapel,  &c.  There  are  3  ehurches,  1  Pres- 
byterian, 1  Methodist,  and  1  Baptist,  in  the  place. 
Pop.  about  1,200. 

Athens,  p-v.,  and  capital  Limestone  co.,  Ala., 
25  n.  w.  Huntsville,  154  n.  by  B.  Tuscaloosa, 
733  W.  Situated  1  m.  w.  of  Swan  cr.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  several  stores  and 
dwellings. 

Athens,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Miss.,  175  n.  w. 
Jackson,  906  W.  Situated  on  a  small  stream,  5 
miles  e.  of  the  Tombigbee  r. 

Athens,  p-v.,  capital  of  McMinn  co.,  Tenn., 
154  s.  e.  Nasnville,  555  W.  On  Eastanalla  cr.,  15 
ms.  from  its  entrance  into  the  Tennessee.  It  has  3 
churches,  2  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist,  3 
academies,  2  male  and  1  female,  a  court  house, 
2  banks,  13  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  2 
printing  offices.     Pop.  1,000. 

Athens,  p-o.,  Fayette  co.,  Ky.,  34  s.  e.  Frank- 
fort, 532  W.  Situated  on  a  small  branch  of  Ken- 
tucky r. 

Athens,  p-v.,  Sangamon  co.,  111.,  14  n.  Spring- 
field, 794  W.  Situated  4  ms.  from  Sangamon 
r.  It  has  several  stores,  and  one  steam  mill  for 
sawing  and  flouring.  It  has  timber  of  the  San- 
gamon on  the  w.,  and  prairies  e.,  with  a  flourish- 
ing country  around  it. 

Athens,  p-o.,  Clark  co.,  Mo. 

Athens,  p-v.,  capital  of  Izard  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
north  bank  of  White  r. 

Athensville,j)-o.,  Greene  co.,  111.,  52  s.  w. 
Springfield,  833  W. 

Athol,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  69  w.  n.  w 
Boston,  410  W.  Incorporated  1762.  It  is  water- 
ed by  Miller's  r.,  which  affords  an  extensive  water 
power.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  the  soil  good 
It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $20,000 ;  1  furnace,  2  tan- 
neries, 3  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$48,625.     13  sch.  412  scholars.     Pop.  1,591. 

Athol,  p-t.,  Warren  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  w.  Cald- 
well, 74  n.  by  w.  Albany,  443  W.  It  is  watered 
by  the  Hudson  r.,  and  has  2  stores,  cap.  $3000, 
2  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.     Pop.  1,210. 

Atkinson,  p-t.,  Piscatiquis  co.,  Me.,  35  n.  n. 
e.  Bangor,  90  n.  e.  Augusta,  687  W.  Incorpo- 
rated 1819.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $600 ;  1  tannery, 
2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  6  com.  sch.  280  scholars. 
Pop.  704. 

Atkinson,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.,  33  s.  e. 
Concord,  466  W.  The  surface  is  uneven,  but 
the  soil  good,  and  well  cultivated.  Incorporated 
1767.  An  academy  here  was  incorporated  in 
1791,  and  is  one  of  the  most  respectable  in  the 
state.  An  island  of  7  or  8  acres  in  a  meadow, 
sometimes  overflowed  by  means  of  an  artificial 
dam,  rises  with  the  water,  sometimes  to  the 
height  of  6  feet,  and  also  settles  as  the  water 
subsides.  This  is  a  wonderful  fact,  stated  on  the 
authority  of  Dr.  Belknap.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$500;  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$3,600.  1  acad.  120  students,  6  sch.  181  scholars. 
Pop.  557. 

Atkinson's  Mills,  p-o.,  Mifflin  co.,  Pa.,  73  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  149  W. 

Atlantic,  county,  N.  J.,  situated  in  the  south 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  550  square  miles. 
Watered  by  Great  Egg  Harbor  r.  and  its  branches. 
Little  Egg  Harbor  r.  bounds  it  on  the  n.  e.,  and 
receives  various  branches  from  the  county.  The 
Atlantic  lies  on  its  s.  E.  border,  and  has  along  its 
shore  numerous  bays  and  islands,  and  extensive 
marshes.  The  soil  is  generally  light  and  sandy. 
Capital,  May's  Landing.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  4,668,  sheep  2,413,  swine  2,959 ;  wheat 
2,099  bush,  prod.,  rye  1,661,  Ind.  corn  60,370,  pota- 


AUB 


42 


AUD 


toes  15,932,  oats  8,750 ;  43  stores,  cap.  $68,800 ;  2 
class  houses,  12 grist m.,  33  saw m.  Cap. in  manu- 
fac $112,50.  35  sch.  2,520  scholars.    Pop.  8,726. 

Atlas,  p-v.,  Pike  co.,  111.,  81  w.  by  s.  Spring- 
field, 861  W.  It  is  a  handsome  tract  of  ground, 
under  the  bluffs,  half  a  mile  from  Snyeartee 
Slough,  which  is  navigable  for  steamboats  to  this 
place,  in  high  water. 

Atlas,  t.,  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.  It  contains  2 
stores,  cap.  $1,300  ;  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  m 
manufac.  $11,000.  4  schools,  98  scholars.  Pop. 
660. 

Atsion,  p-v.,  Galloway  t.,  Burlington  co.,  N. 
J.,  43  s.  Trenton,  167  W.  Situated  on  Atsion  r. 
Here  is  an  extensive  furnace,  a  forge,  grist  m., 
and  3  saw  m.    The  furnace  employs  about  100 


Attala,  county,  Miss.,  in  the  central  part  of 
the  state,  contains  720  sq.  ms.  Drained  by  Big 
Black  r.,  and  the  head  branches  of  Pearl  r.  Sur- 
face level,  soil  moderately  good.  Capital,  Kos- 
ciusko. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  915,  sheep 
687,  swine  13,640 ;  wheat  2,909  bushels  produced, 
Ind.  corn  170,892,  oats  5,557,  potatoes  28,322,  to- 
bacco 4,174  pounds,  rice  3,230,  cotton  151,489 ; 

2  stores,  cap.  $2,500  ;  6  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  1  print- 
ing office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manuf. 
$30,900.  6  sch.  85  scholars.  Pop.  1840,  whites 
2,955,  slaves  1,082,  free  colored  266  ;  total,  4,303. 

Attapulgus,  p-o.,  Decatur  co.,  Ga.,  200  s.  s. 
w.  Milledgeville,  858  W. 

Attica,  p-t.,  Wyoming  co.,  N.  Y.,  257  w.  Al- 
bany, 375  W.  The  surface  is  rolling,  and  the 
soil,  a  fertile  clay  loam.  It  is  watered  by  the 
Tonawanda  cr.  and  its  tributaries.  The  village 
contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist  church, 
a  bank,  a  female  seminary,  8  stores,  2  grist  m.,  1 
tannery,  1  clothiers'  works,  100  dwellings,  and 
800  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  12  stores, 
cap.  $45,000,  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tan- 
neries, 1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  1 
flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $33,950.  2  acad.  140  students,  13 
sch.  725  scholars.     Pop.  2,710. 

Attica,  p-v,  Venice  t.,  Seneca  co.,  O.,  80  n. 
Columbus,  405  W.    It  was  laid  out  in  1834  ;  has 

3  stores,  and  over  20  dwellings;    Pop.  over  100. 
Attica,  p-o.,  Fountain  co.,  la.,  73  w.  n.  w. 

Indianapolis,  644  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of 
Wabash  r. 

Attica  Centre,  p-v.,  Attica  t.,  Wyoming  co., 
N.  Y.,  261  w.  Albany,  371  W. 

Attleborough,  p-t.,  Bristol  county,  Ms.,  12  n. 
Providence,  30  s.  Boston,  412  W.  Incorporated 
1694.  Branches  of  Pawtucket  r.  pass  through  the 
t.,  and  afford  extensive  water  power.  It  has  8 
stores,  6  cotton  fac.  with  9,846  spin.;  amount  pro- 
duced $150,000 ;  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Total  cap. 
in  manufac.  $280,000.  1  acad.  50  students,  24 
sch.  833  scholars.     Pop.  3,585. 

Attleborough,  p-v.,  Buck's  co.,  Pa.,  20  n. 
e.  Philadelphia,  120  e.  Harrisburg,  162  W. 

Attlebury,  p-o.,  Sanford  t.,  Dutchess  co.,  N. 
Y.,  71  s.  Albany,  322  W. 

Atwater,  p-t.,  Portage  co.,  O.,  21  e.  Akron, 
144  N.  E.  Columbus,  310  W.  It  has  1  Congrega- 
tional and  1  Methodist  church,  3  schools,  128 
scholars.    Pop.  755. 

Auburn,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Ms.,  5  s.  by  w. 
Worcester,  47  w.  s.  w.  Boston,  395  W.  Incor- 
porated in  1788,  by  the  name  of  Ward.  French 
r.  passes  through  it.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,000 ; 
1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,400.  6  sch.  181  scholars. 
Pop.  649. 

Auburn,  p-v.,  capital  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y., 
173  w.  Albany,  333  W.    On  the  outlet  of  Owas- 


colake,  7  s.  Erie  canal.  It  has  a  state  prison  which 
is  considered  a  model  for  such  institutions.  It  oc- 
cupies a  plot  of  ground  500  by  1000  ft.,  which  is 
enclosed  by  a  stone  wall  3,000  feet  in  length,  30 
feet  high,  and  4  feet  thick  at  the  base.  The  out- 
let of  Owasco  lake  passes  along  the  outside  of 
the  s.  wall,  and  by  a  water-wheel  and  shaft 
through  the  wall,  moves  machinery  within  the 
prison.  The  prison  buildings  stand  about  80  feet 
within  the  outside  wall,  and  form  3  sides  of  a 
square,  the  front  of  which  is  280  feet  long,  and 
the  wings  240  feet  long  and  45  wide.  The 
earnings  exceeded  the  expenditures  in  1839,  by 
$8,490. 

There  is  a  flourishing  theological  seminary  at 
Auburn,  under  the  patronage  and  direction  of 
the  Presbyterians,  founded  in  1821,  which  has  4 
professors  and  71  students.  Whole  number  ed- 
ucated, 344.  Vols,  in  libraries,  5,000.  Auburn 
has  a  court  house,  jail,  and  other  county  buildings. 
The  Auburn  Academy,  and  the  Auburn  Female 
Seminary,  are  incorporated  institutions.  There 
are  7  churches — 2  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  1 
Methodist,  1  Episcopal,  1  Roman  Catholic,  and  1 
Universalist.  It  has  a  museum,  and  2  banking 
houses.  There  are  59  stores,  cap.  $341,447;  1 
woollen  fac,  1  cotton  factory,  2  tanneries,  1  distil- 
lery, 1  brewery,  4  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.,  3  fur- 
naces, 4  printing  offices,  4  newspapers,  1  daily  and 
3  weekly.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $643,550.  2  acad., 
250  students,  9  schools,  740  scholars.  Popula- 
tion 5,626. 

Auburn,  p-o.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  79,  s.  e.  Har- 
risburg, 103  W. 

Auburn,  p-o.,  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  109  n.  by  w. 
Richmond,  58  W. 

Auburn,  p-t.,  Geauga  co.,  O.,  156  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 33 J  W.  It  is  a  fine  farming  town.  It 
has  300  houses ;  3  stores,  with  a  cap.  of  $7,000  ; 
1  tannery,  4  saw  m.  Cap  in  manufac.  $4,500. 
10  sch.  520  scholars.     Pop.  1,198. 

Auburn,  p-v.,  Pontiac  t.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich., 
27  n.  w.  Detroit,  549  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side 
of  Clinton  r.,  and  contains  1  Baptist  church, 
an  academy,  and  several  stores.  Pop.  about 
100. 

Auburn,  p-o.,  De  Kalb  co.,  la.,  153  n.  n.  e. 
Indianapolis,  566  W. 

Auburn,  p-v.,  Sangamon  co.,  111.,  15  s.  by  w. 
Springfield,  795  W.  It  is  on  the  n.  side  of  Sugar 
creek,  surrounded  by  a  beautiful  prairie.  It  has 
3  stores,  and  12  or  15  families. 

Auburn,  p-v.,  Lincoln  co.,  Mo.,  84  e.  n.  e. 
Jefferson  city,  872  W. 

Auburn,  p-o.,  Hinds  co.,  Miss.,  32  w.  Jackson, 
1,042  W. 

Auburn,  p-o.,  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga.,  94  n.  n.  w 
Milledgeville,  655  W. 

Auburn,  p-v.,  Macon  co.,  Ala.,  172  s.  E.  Tus- 
caloosa, 786  W. 

Auburn,' (Four  Corners,)  p-v.,  Susquehan- 
na co.,  Pa.,  185  n.  by  e.  Harrisburg,  285  W.  In 
the  t.  are  2  stores,  cap.  $3,000  ;  1  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $3,995.  8  schools,  200 
scholars.    Pop.  1,113. 

Audrain,  county,  Mo.  It  is  central  toward 
the  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  435  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  level,  and  the  soil  good.  It  is 
drained  by  the  s.  Fork  of  Salt  river.  Capital, 
Mexico.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,016, 
sheep  1,655,  swine  5,975  ;  wheat  2,927  bush,  pro- 
duced, Ind.  corn  77,320,  oats  12,700,  potatoes 
i  3,715,  tobacco  24,080  pounds;  4  stores,  cap. 
$7,600 ;  5  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. ;  2  sch.  45  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  1,752,  slaves  195,  free  col'd  2  ;  total, 
1,949. 

Audubon,  p-o.,  Hardiman  co.,  Tenn.,  172  s.  w. 


AUG 


43 


AUR 


Nashville,  887  W.  It  is  on  Cat  cr.,  10  s.  s.  e. 
Bolivar. 

Auglaize,  t,  Allen  co.,  O.  It  hag  3  schools. 
Pop.  732. 

Auglaize,  t.,  Paulding  co.,  O.    Pop.  298. 

Auglaize,  r.,  O.,  rises  in  Allen  co.,  has  nu- 
merous branches,  and  forms  a  large  branch  of 
the  Maumee  r.,  entering  it  on  the  s.  side,  at  De- 
fiance. It  is  boatable,  in  high  water,  50  or  60 
miles. 

Augusta,  p-t.,  capital  of  Kennebec  co.,  and  of 
the  state  of  Me.,  is  situated  on  both  sides  of  the 
Kennebec  r.,  43  ms.  from  the  ocean,  at  the  head 
of  sloop  navigation,  44°  18'  43"  n.  lat.  69°  50'  w. 
Ion.,  146  n.  e.  Concord,  N.  H.,  163  n.  n.  e.  Bos- 
ton, Mass.,  595  W.  Pop.  1810,  1,805;  1820, 
2,475;  1830,  3,980;  1840,  5,314.  First  settled 
1771,  incorporated  1797.  The  t.  is  8  by  6  miles. 
The  parts  of  the  village  are  connected  by  a  fine 
bridge  across  the  Kennebec,  520  feet  long, 
which  cost  $28,000.  It  is  regularly  laid  out ;  the 
ground  rises  on  each  side  of  the  river ;  it  has 
many  fine  buildings,  and  the  streets  are  orna- 
mented by  trees  on  each  side.  Its  agriculture, 
commerce,  and  manufactures  are  flourishing. 
Its  tonnage  is  over  3,000.  The  state  house  is  a 
beautiful  white  granite  building  on  a  command- 
ing eminence,  half  a  mile  s.  from  the  village. 
The  apartments  for  the  senate,  house  of  repre- 
sentatives, and  state  offices,  are  spacious  and 
elegant.  Before  it,  is  a  spacious  park,  ornament- 
ed with  walks  and  trees.  The  United  States 
arsenal  is  a  large  stone  edifice  on  the  E.  side  of 
the  r.  The  state  insane  hospital  is  a  splendid 
granite  edifice  with  wings, on  the  e.  side  of  the 
r.,  surrounded  by  70  acres  of  ground,  and  cost 
$100,000.  The  Augusta  high  school  is  a  large 
brick  building,  65  by  50  feet,  2  stories  high,  with 
a  fine  doric  portico,  and  cost  $7,000.  There  is  a 
splendid  dam  erected  across  the  Kennebec,  half 
a  mile  above  the  village,  with  locks  to  facilitate 
navigation,  completed  in  1837,  at  an  expense  of 
$300,000,  which  will  create  an  immense  water 
power.  In  constructing  the  dam,  2,500,000  feet 
of  timber  were  used,  and  75,000  tons  of  stones 
and  gravel  were  deposited  in  it.  The  pond 
formed  by  this  dam  extends  16  miles,  and  covers 
1,200  acres.  It  has  64  stores,  cap.  $141,650; 
3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  2 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $66,550.  2  acad.  150 
students,  26  sch.  1,129  scholars. 

Augusta,  p-t.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  100  w.  N.  w. 
Albany,  370  W.  The  v.  is  on  Skanandoa  cr. 
Contains  1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Metho- 
dist church,  an  academy,  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  and 
40  dwellings.  The  t.  contains  4  stores,  cap. 
$22,000 ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  5  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $45,950.  1  acad.  92 
students,  14  sch.  626  scholars.     Pop.  2,175. 

Augusta,  p-v.,  Frankford  t.,  Sussex  co.,  N.  J., 
75  n.  Trenton,  244  W.  It  has  a  Presbyterian 
church,  and  8  or  10  dwellings. 

Augusta,  p-t.,  Northumberland  co.,  Pa.,  65  n. 
Harrisburg,  165  W.  The  surface  is  diversified  ; 
soil,  alluvial,  red  shale,  and  gravel.  Drained  by 
Great  and  Little  Shamokin  creeks,  which  unite 
and  flow  into  the  Susquehanna.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $3,000 ;  1  pottery,  5  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $21,400.  9  sch.  452  sch' s.  Pop.  2,409. 

Augusta,  p-t.,  Carroll  co.,  O.,  135  e.  Colum- 
bus, 304  W.  It  is  watered  by  tributaries  of 
Sandy  cr.    Pop.  1,234.      . 

Augusta,  p-v.,  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa.  Situa- 
ted on  the  n.  side  of  Skunk  r.  It  contains  seve- 
ral stores  and  neat  dwellings,  1  carding  ma- 
chine, and  1  flouring  m.,  the  largest  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  territory. 


Augusta,  C.H.,  p-v.,  Bracken  co.,  Ky.,73  n.  e 
Frankfort,  487  W.  It  contains  a  church,  a  court 
house,  a  jail,  and  a  college  with  104  students,  ] 
sch.  28  scholars.     Pop.  786. 

Augusta,  county,  Va.,  central  in  the  w.  dis- 
trict, contains  900  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  uneven 
or  mountainous.  It  is  drained  by  tributaries  of 
James  r.  and  Shenandoah  r.  The  soil  is  fertile, 
of  which  wheat  is  the  principal  production. 
Capital,  Staunton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  21,479,  sheep  19,660,  swine  32,445  ;  wheat 
324,332  bush,  produced,  rye  92,227,  Ind.  corn 
384,408,  oats  244,889,  potatoes  48,357  ;  34  stores, 
cap.  $117,300;  2  fulling  m.,  18  tanneries,  58 
distilleries,  3  furnaces,  1  paper  manufac,  29  flour- 
ing m.,  13  grist  m.,  31  saw  m.,  3  oil  m.,  1  printing 
office,  1  weekly  paper.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$137,910.  2  acad.  60  students,  29  com.  sch. 
633  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  19,925;  1840,  whites 
15,072,  slaves  4,145,  free  col'd  421 ;  total  19,628. 

Augusta,  p-v.,  city  and  capital  of  Richmond 
co.,  Ga.,  on  the  s.  w.  side  of  Savannah  r.,  96 
Milledgeville,  120  n.  w.  Savannah,  575  W. 
Pop.  1830,  4,000 ;  1840,  6,403.  It  is  regularly 
lain  out  and  handsomely  built,  chiefly  of  brick. 
The  streets  cross  each  other  at  right  angles,  and 
are  ornamented  with  trees,  and  many  of  the 
houses  are  spacious  and  elegant.  It  has  a  city 
hall,  court  house,  jail,  theatre,  arsenal,  hospital, 
and  a  female  asylum.     It  contains  7  churches, 

1  Baptist,  1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist,  1  Presbyte- 
rian, 1  Roman  Catholic,  1  Unitarian,  and  1 
African.  It  is  connected  with  Charleston  and 
Milledgeville  by  railroad.  It  has  a  rich  back 
country,  and  a  very  active  trade,  and  sends  a 
great  amount  of  cotton,  tobacco,  and  other  pro- 
duce, down  the  r.  to  Savannah.  It  contains  12 
commission  houses  in  foreign  trade,  capital 
$245,000 ;  265  stores,  cap.  $1,281,870  ;  2  furnaces, 

2  printing  offices,  2  daily,  4  weekly,  2  semi- 
weekly  newspapers,  and  2  periodicals.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $44,500.  3  acad.  105  students,  3 
sch.  148  scholars. 

Augusta,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Perry  co.,  Miss., 
173  s.  e.  Jackson,  1,051  W.  It  is  situated  on 
Leaf  r.,  a  branch  of  the  Pascagoula  r. 

Augusta,  p-v.,  Marion  co.,  la.,  9  n.  Indian- 
apolis, 580  W.    Situated  on  a  branch  of  White  r. 

Augusta,  p-v.,  Hancock  co.,  111.,  87  w.  by  s. 
Springfield,  865  W. 

Augusta,  t.,  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  12  E. 
Kalamazoo.  It  is  on  the  s.  bank  of  Kalamazoo  r. 
Pop.  616. 

Augusta,  t.,  Washtenaw  Co.,  Mich.    Pop.  646. 

Auraria,  p-v.,  Lumpkin  co.,  Ga.,  135  n.  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  625  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  di- 
viding ridge  between  Chestatee  and  Etowah  rs., 
in  the  richest  part  of  the  gold  region,  and  is  rapid- 
ly increasing  m  population. 

Aurelius,  p-t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y.,  5  w.  Au- 
burn, 158  w.  by  n.  Albany,  337  W.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating,  and  the  soil  good,  being  clay 
and  gravelly  loam.  Watered  by  the  Owasco 
outlet,  and  streams  flowing  w.  into  Cayuga  lake. 
It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $il,950 ;  3  fulling  m.,  3 
woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  1  flouring  m.,  6  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $52,900.  It 
has  14  sch.  786  scholars.    Pop.  2,645. 

Aurelius,  t.,  Washington  co.,  O.,  20  n.  Ma- 
rietta, 40  s.  e.  Columbus,  408  W.  Situated  on 
the  w.  branch  of  Duck  cr.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  the  soil  rich. 

Aurelius,  t.,  Ingham  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1 
sch.  20  scholars.    Pop.  148. 

Auriesville,  p-o.,  Glen  t.,  Montgomery  co., 
N.  Y.,  40  n.  w.  Albany,  408  W. 

Aurora,  t.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y.,  276  w.  Albany, 


AUT 


44 


AVO 


15  s.   «.  Buffalo.    The~surface  is  ululating 
soil    clav  and  gravelly  loam.     Drained  by  Se- 
neca  S  Cazenove    creeks.      It    contain.    10 
Stores,  cap.  $24,600  ;  3  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  5 
19  saw  m.     Cap.  m  manufac 


Au- 


gnst  m.,  i»  saw  ui.     vy *     ' 

Aurora,  p-t.,  Hancock  co.  Me  ,  116  e. 
gusta,  698  W.    It  has  2  sch.  d0  scholars.    Pop. 

149 

Aurora,  p-v.,  Ledyard  t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y., 
170  w  Albany,  323  V.  Delightfully  situated 
on  the  e.  bank  of  Cayuga  lake.  Incorporated 
1837  It  has  1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  and  1 
Methodist  church,  the  Cayuga  academy,  4 
stores  and  several  warehouses,  80  dwellings, 
and  500  inhabitants.  It  has  a  number  of  manu- 
factories; and  steamboats  stop  here  several 
times  daily.  , 

Aurora,  p-t.,  Portage  co.,  O.,  25  Cleveland, 
144  n.  E.  Columbus,  335  W.  It  has  2  churches, 
4  stores,  and  16  mechanic  shops.  It  is  celebra- 
ted for  the  quantity  and  quality  of  its  cheese. 
More  than  2,000  cows  are  kept  in  the  town, 
which  produce  over  300  tons  of  cheese,  and  30 
tons  of  butter  annually.  7  schools,  199  scholars. 
Pop.  906. 

Aurora,  p-v.,  Racine  co 
Madison,  776  W. 

Aurora,  p-v.,  Dearborn  co.,  la.,  87  s.  E.  In- 
dianapolis, 518  W.  Situated  on  the  N.  w.  bank 
of  Ohio  r.  '     .;,., 

Aurora,  p-v.,  Kane  co.,  111.,  117  n.  n.  e. 
Springfield,  754  W.    Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 

Aurora,  p-v.,  Callaway  co.,  Ky.,  243  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  770  W. 

Aurora,  p-o.,  Marshall  co.,  Ala.,  122  n.  n.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  715  W. 
Aurora,  p-o.,  Clark  co.,  Ark. 
Au  Sable,  t.,  Clinton  co.,  N.  Y.,  15  s.  Platts- 
burg,  140  n.  Albany.    The  surface  is  undula- 
~. — j„  — i  «i„,r  I™™     Drain- 
It  has 


Wis.  Ter.,  110  s.  e. 


ting  or  hilly  ;  soil,  sandy  and  clay  loam, 
ed  by  Great  and  Little  Au  Sable  rivers. 
17  stores,  cap.  $60,300 ;  1  tannery,  1  brewery,  1 
grist  m.,  15  saw  m.,  2  furnaces.    Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $101,975.    Pop.  3,222. 

Au  Sable,  p-o.,  Jay  t.,  Essex  co.,  N.  Y.,  144 
N.  Albany,  519  W. 
Au  Sable,  p-o.,  Kendall  co.,  111. 
Au  Sable  Forks,  p-v.,  Jay  t.,  Essex  co.,  N. 
Y.,  154  Albany,  529  W.  It  is  situated  at  the 
junction  of  the  e.  and  w.  branch  of  Au  Sable  r. 
It  has  1  church,  5  stores,  1  forge,  1  rolling  m.,  1 
nail  factory,  2  saw  m.,  and  70  dwellings.  Pop 
500. 

Au  Sable,  r.,  rises  in  Essex  co.,  N.  Y.,  near 
the  head  waters  of  the  Hudson,  and  empties  into 
Lake  Champlain,  in  the  s.  part  of  Clinton  co. 
It  passes  by  the  manufacturing  villages  of  Clin- 
tonville,  Keeseville,  and  Birmingham,  affording 
by  its  falls  great  water  power.  Immediately 
below  the  lower  falls  at  Birmingham,  the  river 
passes  through  a  chasm,  for  the  distance  of  2 
miles,  in  which  the  banks  consist  of  nearly  per- 
pendicular rocks,  from  75  to  150  feet  high,  and 
about  50  feet  across  at  top. 

Autauga,  county,  Ala.,  near  the  centre  of  the 
state,  contains  1,000  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  va- 
ried and  broken,  and  the  soil  moderately  fertile, 
except  on  the  rivers,  where  it  is  rich.  It  is 
drained  by  Autauga  cr.  and  other  branches  of 
the  Alabama  r.  Capital,  Kingston.  There  were 
in  18-40,  neat  cattle  9,989,  sheep  1,889,  swine  8,938 ; 
wheat  7,155  bush,  produced,  rye  2,326,  Ind.  corn 
402,700,  oats  26,159,  potatoes  22,090,  cotton 
1,076,801  pounds,  3  tanneries,  1  pottery,  3  flouring 
m.,  43  grist  m.,  20  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac. 


$177  250  1  acad.  50  students,  22  com.  sch.  549 
scholars.  Pop.  1830,  11,874 ;  1840,  whites  6,217 
slaves  8,109,  free  col'd  16  ;  total,  14,342. 

Austerlitz,  p-t.,  Columbia  co.,  N.  Y.,  31  s.s. 
w.  Albany,  363  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
rough,  and  the  soil  is  gravelly,  and  clay  loam.  It 
is  watered  by  Green  r.,  a  branch  of  the  Housato- 
nic.  The  village  has  1  church,  2  stores,  and  20 
dwellings.  Spencertown  is  another  small  vil- 
lage in  the  town.  The  t.  contains  4  stores,  cap. 
$2,900  ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $19,600.  1  acad.  35  stu- 
dents, 18  sch.  824  scholars.     Pop.  2,091. 

Austerlitz,  p-v.,  Kentco.,  Mich.,  178  w.  N. 
w.  Detroit,  659  W. 

Austinburg,  p-t.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.,  201  N.  E. 
Columbus,  334  W.  It  has  1  Presbyterian  church, 
1  academy,  1  store,  2  flouring  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  fulling  m.,  and  2  carding 
machines,  1  acad.  71  students.     Pop.  1,047. 

Austin's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Grainger  co.,  Tenn., 
217  e.  by  n.  Nashville,  473  W. 

Austintown,  t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  12  s.  e. 
Warren,  160  n.  e.  Columbus ;  12  sch.  425  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  1,245. 

Austinville,  p-o.,  Wythe  co.,  Va.,  247  w. 
s.  w.  Richmond,  315  W. 

Austinville,  p-o.,  Livingston  co.,  Mo.,  173 
N.  w.  Jefferson  city,  1,067  W. 

Ava,  p-o.,  Boonville  t.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  124 
w.  N.  w.  Albany,  408  W. 
Ava,  p-v.,  Winnebago  co.,  111. 
Averill,  t.,  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  30  n.  Guildhall,  on 
the  Canada  line.  The  head  branches  of  Nulhe- 
gan  r.  flow  s.  into  the  Connecticut,  while  other 
streams,  the  outlets  of  large  ponds,  flow  into  the 
St.  Francis  r.  in  Canada.  The  soil  is  broken 
and  cold.    Pop.  11. 

Avent's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Greenville  co., 
Va.,  99  s.  Richmond,  215  W. 

Averysborough,  p-v.,  Cumberland  co.,  N.  C, 
35  s.  Raleigh,  323  W.  On  the  s.  e.  bank  of 
Cape  Fear  r. 

Avery's  Gore,  t.,  Addison  co.,  Vt.  It  lies 
nearly  on  the  summit  of  the  Green  Mountains. 
Chartered  in  1791,  and  has  1  sch.  10  scholars. 
Pop.  78. 

Avery's  Gore,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  57  n. 
by  w.  Montpelier,  567  W.  1  sch.  12  scholars. 
Pop.  35. 

Aviston,  p-t.,  Clinton  co.,  111.,  102  s.  Spring- 
field, 786  W. 

Avoca,  p-v.,  Bath  t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  225 
w.  by  s.  Albany,  307  W.  It  is  on  the  Conhoc- 
ton  r.,  and  has  1  Presbyterian  church,  2  stores, 
1  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.,  and  30  dwellings.  Pop. 
200. 

Avoca,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Mo.,  159  e.  by  s. 
Jefferson  city,  921  W. 

Avon,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  49  n.  w.  Augus- 
ta, 635  W.  2  stores,  cap.  $900  ;  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $1,915.  13  sch.  345  scholars.  Pop. 
827. 

Avon,  p-t.,  Hartford  co.,  Ct.,  10  w.  n.  w. 
Hartford,  336  W.  It  was  taken  from  Farming- 
ton  in  1830,  and  has  considerable  good  land  on 
the  borders  of  Farmington  r.  It  contains  3  stores, 
cap.  $3,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,500.  5  sch.  164  scholars. 
Pop.  1,001. 

Avon,  p-v.,  Livingston  co.,  N.  Y..  222  w.  by 
n.  Albany,  355  W.  It  is  pleasantly  situated 
about  half  a  mile  e.  of  Genesee  r.,  elevated 
100  feet  above  the  level  of  the  r.  The  village 
contains  3  churches,  1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  and 
1  Methodist,  3  hotels  and  public  boarding  houses. 
4  stores,  and  various  mechanic  shops.    On  the 


BAT 


45 


BAI 


s.  w.  of  the  village  are  two  celebrated  mineral 
springs,  60  or  80  rods  apart.  Near  them  are  3 
bathing  houses,  for  the  use  of  the  waters.  These 
waters  contain  various  salts,  with  sulphuretted 
hydrogen  gas,  and  other  gases,  and  are  effica- 
cious in  disordered  digestion,  rheumatism,  gout, 
and  cutaneous  affections.  The  t.  contains  10 
stores,  cap.  $16,000;  1  furnace,  1  flouring  m.,  2 
grist  mills,  3  saw  mills.  Capital  in  manufactures 
$46,960.   15  sch.  515  scholars.     Pop.  2,999. 

Avon,  p-t.,  Lorain  co.,  O.,  17  w.  Cleveland, 
135  n.  n.  k.  Columbus,  377  W.  It  lies  bordering 
on  Lake  Erie.  French  cr.  passes  through  the 
middle  of  the  town.  It  has  1  store,  capital 
$3,000;  1  tannery,  5  saw  mill.  Capital  in 
manufactures,  $2,900.  7  schools,  305  scholars. 
Fop.  1,220. 

Avon,  p-v.,  Kane  co.,  111.,  198  N.  N.  E.  Spring- 
field, 769  W. 

Avon,  t.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.  It  contains  9 
stores,  cap.  $25,150;  3  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1 
distillery,  5  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $85,745.  8  sch.  517  scholars. 
Pop.  1,630. 

Avondale,  p-o.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  71  s.  e. 
Harrisburg,  101  W. 


Axeville,  p-o.,  Connewango  t.,  Cattaraugus 
co.,  N.  Y.,  312  w.  by  s.  Albany,  342  W. 

Aversville,  p-o.,  Stokes  co.,  N.  C,  122  w.  n. 
w.  Raleigh,  302  W. 

Aylett's,  p-o.,  King  William  co.,  Va.,  28  n. 
E.Richmond,  116  W. 

Azalia,  p-v.,  Bartholomew  co.,  la.,  60  s.  s.  E. 
Indianapolis,  596  W. 

Aztalan,  p-t.,  Jefferson  co.,  Wis.,  30  e.  by  s. 
Madison,  840  W.  It  has  1  saw  m.,  2  sch.  42 
scholars.     Pop.  250. 

Avoyelles,  parish,  La.,  lies  on  the  w.  of  the 
Mississippi,  and  the  Atchafalaya  and  the  Red  r. 
pass  through  it.  It  contains  a  surface  of  1,080 
sq.  ms.  The  part  of  it  bordering  on  the  streams 
is  subject  to  be  overflowed,  and  is  not  fit  for  cul- 
tivation ;  but  in  its  w.  part,  is  a  slightly  elevated 
table  land,  which  is  dry,  and  tolerably  fertile. 
The  principal  production  is  cotton.  Capital, 
Marksville.  It  had  in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,801, 
sheep  1,870,  swine  1,510;  Ind.  corn  115,861 
bush,  produced,  potatoes  39,218,  cotton  7,015,922 
pounds  ;  54  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  50  oil  m. ;  2  acad.  45 
students,  3  sch.  47  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  3,484  ; 
1840,  whites  3,066,  slaves  3,472,  free  col'd  78 ; 
total,  6,616. 


B. 


Babylon,  p-v.,  Huntington  t.,  Suffolk  co.,  N. 
Y.,  185  s.  E.  Albany,  265  W.  It  is  situated  near 
South  Bay,  has  1  church,  4  stores,  4  m.  It  is  a 
pleasant  resort,  in  the  summer  season,  for  fishing 
and  fowling.     Pop.  about  250. 

Bachelor's  Retreat,  p-o.,  Pickens  dist.,  S. 
C,  20  s.  w.  Pendleton,  167  n.  w.  Columbia,  572  W. 

Bachman's  Mills,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  65  n. 
Annapolis,  75  W. 

Back  Creek,  p-o.,  Somerset  co.,  Md.,  117  s. 
E.  Annapolis,  157  W. 

Back  Creek,  p-o.,  Scriven  co.,  Ga.,  123  e. 
Milledgeville,  644  W. 

Back  Creek  Valley,  p-o.,  Frederick  co., 
Va.,  159  n.  Richmond,  87  W. 

Bacon  Castle,  p-o.,  Surry  co.,  Va.,  63  s.  E. 
Richmond,  186  W. 

Bad  River,  rises  in  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  and 
enters  into  Saginaw  r. 

Bagdad,  p-o.,  Smith  co.,  Term.,  64  e.  n.  e. 
Nashville,  643  W. 

Baggs,  p-o.,  Mcintosh  co.,  Ga.,  130  s.  E.  Mil- 
ledgeville, 35  Darien. 

Bahama  Channel,  or  Gulf  of  Florida,  the  nar- 
row sea  between  the  coast  of  America  and  the 
Bahama  islands,  135  ms.  long,  and  46  wide.  The 
currents  here  are  most  violent,  formed  by  an  in- 
flection of  the  Gulf  Stream,  passing  at  the  rate  of 
from  2  to  5  ms.  an  hour,  among  islands ;  and  ves- 
sels are  frequently  wrecked  in  passing  through 
this  strait. 

Baileysburgh,  p-v.,  Surry  co.,  Va.,  66  s.  e. 
Richmond,  185  W. 

Bailey's  Landing,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  Mo.,  96 
N.  E.  Jefferson  city,  865  W. 

Bailey's  Mills,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Flor. 

Baileyville,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  209 
E.  Augusta,  795  W.  Situated  on  the  St.  Croix  r. 
It  has  1  saw  m. ;  4  sch.  154  scholars.     Pop.  329. 

Baileysville,  p-o.,  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  98  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  170  W. 

Bald  Eagle,  t.,  Clinton  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1,178. 

Bainbridge,  p-t.,  Chenango  co.,  N.  Y,  104  w. 
by  s.  Albany,  320  W.  The  soil  is  good,  and 
adapted  both  to  grain  and  grazing.  It  is  watered 
bv  the  Susquehanna  r.  and  its  tributaries.  Pop. 
3,324.7  grist  m.,  12  saw  m. ;  24  ech.  1,064  scholars. 


Bainbridge,  p-v.,  West  Donnegal  t.,  Lancas- 
ter co.,  Pa.,  20  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  112  W.  It  is  on 
the  w.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna,  and  contains  15 
or  20  dwellings. 

Bainbridge,  p-v.,  Ross  co.,  O.,  18  s.  w.  Chih- 
cothe,  69  s.  Columbus,  424  W.  It  is  near  the  falls 
of  Paint  cr.,  contains  2  brick  churches,  and  about 
60  dwellings. 

Bainbridge,  t.,  Geauga  co.,  O.,  in  the  s.  w. 
comer  of  the  co.  It  is  watered  by  Chagrin  r.  and 
its  branches.  It  contains  1  store,  cap.  $300 ;  1 
tannery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. ;  10  sch.  389  scholars. 
Pop.  988. 

Bainbridge,  t.,  Berrien  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,500.  2 
sch.  41  scholars.    Pop.  251. 

Bainbridge,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Decatur  co., 
Ga.,  188  s.  s.  w.  Milledgeville,  845  W.  Situated 
on  the  e.  side  of  Flint  r.  It  has  a  court  house, 
jail,  and  several  dwellings. 

Bainbridge,  p-v.,  Putnam  co.,  la.,  38  w.  In- 
dianapolis, 609  W.  Situated  a  little  w.  of  the 
Walnut  fork  of  Eel  r. 

Bainbridge,  p-o.,  Macon  co.,  Ala.,  102  s.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  789  W. 

Bainbridge,  p-v., Williamson  co.,  111.,  176  s.  by 
e.  Springfield,  827  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of 
a  small  branch  of  Big  Muddy  r. 

Bainbridge,  v.,  Cape  Girardeau  co.,  Mo.  Sit- 
uated on  the  Mississippi  r.,  E.  of  Jackson,  the  co. 
seat,  and  opposite  Hamburg. 

Bainbridge  Centre,  p-o.,  Bainbridge  t.,  Che- 
nango co.,  N.  Y.,   107  w.  by  s.  Albany,  317  W. 

Bairdstown,  p-t.,  capital  of  Nelson  co.,  Ky., 
40  s.  w.  Frankfort,  60  w.  s.  w.  Lexington,  615  W. 
It  is  on  the  e.  side  of  Beech  Fork,  one  of  the 
branches  of  Salt  r.  It  has  a  stone  court  house 
and  jail,  a  church,  market  house,  1  acad.  100  stu- 
dents, 1  sch.  35  scholars.  Pop.  1,492.  St.  Jo- 
seph's college,  Roman  Catholic,  situated  in  the 
vicinity,  was  founded  in  1819.  It  has  a  president, 
and  14  professors  or  other  instructors,  150  alumni, 
69  students,  and  7,000  volumes  in  its  libraries. 
The  commencement  is  on  the  1st  of  August. 

Baiting  Hollow,  p-v.,  Riverhead  t.,  Suffolk 
co.,  N.  Y.,  221  s.  e.  Albany,  301  W.  Contains  a 
i  Methodist  churcn,  and  about  12  or  15  dwellings. 


BAL 


46 


BAL 


Baker,  p-o.,  Jackson  t.,  Champaign  co.,  O., 
11  s.  w.  Urbanna,  56  w.  Columbus,  450  W. 

Baker's,  p-o.,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  82  s.  w. 
Detroit,  497  W. 

Baker's,  r.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  II.,  is  formed  of  a 
n.  and  s.  branch,  the  former  of  which  rises  near 
Moosehillock  mountain,  and  pursuing  a  s.  e.  and 
E.  course,  it  falls  into  Pemigewasset  r.,  just  above 
the  village  of  Plymouth. 

Baker's  Island,  Mass.,  off  Salem  harbor,  on 
the  n.  end  of  which  is  a  lighthouse.  It  is  not 
quite  half  a  mile  long,  and  is  5  ms.  e.  n.  e.  of  Sa- 
lem. 

Baker's  Falls,  on  Hudson  r.,  Sandy  Hill  t., 
Washington  co.,  N.  Y.  The  falls,  with  the  con- 
nected rapids,  descend  70  feet  in  100  rods. 

Baker,  county,  Ga.,  is  situated  in  the  s.  w. 
part  of  the  state.  Organized  in  1825.  It  is  wa- 
tered by  Flint  r.,  which  passes  through  it  from  the 
N.  e.  to  the  s.  w.  The  Itchawaynochaway  and  its 
branches,  also  traverse  it  from  N.  to  s.,  and 
enter  Flint  r.  near  the  s.  border  of  the  county. 
The  soil  is  sandv,  but  productive  for  sugar.  Cap- 
ital, Newton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
12,450,  sheep  879,  swine  13,355;  wheat  1,931 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  92,509,  oats  2,718,  po- 
tatoes 5,222,  cotton  815,473  pounds,  sugar  4,260  ; 
8  stores,  cap.  $33,1 16  ;  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Pop. 
1830,  1,253 ;  1840,  whites  2,447,  slaves  1,773,  free 
col'd  6  ;  total,  4,226. 

Bakersfield,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Vt,  30  n.  e. 
Burlington,  49  n.  n.  w.  Montpelier,  551  W.  First 
settled  1789,  chartered  1791.  The  surface,  con- 
taining 26,000  acres,  is  broken,  but  not  mountain- 
ous, and  the  soil  warm  and  productive.  Watered 
by  small  branches  of  the  Missisque  r.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $5,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist 
m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,450.  9  sch. 
197  scholars.    Pop.  1,258. 

Bakerstown,  p-v.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  14 
Pittsburg,  217  w.  Harrisburg,  243  W. 

Bakersville,  p-v.,  Yancey  co.,  N.  C.,247  w. 
Raleigh,  473  W. 

Balcony  Falls,  p-o.,  Rockbridge  co.,  Va., 
147  w.  Richmond,  210  W.  Situated  on  James  r., 
at  the  passage  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  at  the  western 
termination  of  the  James  r.  canal.  The  r.  is  here 
compressed,  and  is  crossed  by  a  dam,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  feeding  the  canal.  The  surrounding 
scenery  is  highly  picturesque. 

Bald  Creek,  p-o.,  Yancey  co.,  N.  C,  251  w. 
Raleigh,  481  W. 

Bald  Eagle,  t.,  Clinton  co.,  Pa.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  11,000;  2  forges,  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2 
flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu 
fac.  $13,350.    2  sch.  99  scholars.     Pop.  1,178. 

Bald  Eagle,  r.,  Pa.,  runs  n.  e.  44  ms.,  through 
Centre  and  Clinton  counties,  and  after  a  course  of 
50  ms.,  falls  into  the  w.  branch  of  the  Susque- 
hanna. 

Bald  Eagle,  mountains,  Pa.,  situated  on  the 
confines  of  Huntingdon  and  Centre  counties,  n. 
e.  of  Juniata  r.  Bald  Eagle  valley  lies  on  the  e. 
side,  and  is  5  ms.  wide,  having  beneath  it  a  bed  of 
limestone.  This  valley,  which  is  pleasant,  has  a 
place  where  caverns  in  the  rocks  absorb  the  prin- 
cipal streams  of  the  valley,  and  they  run  several 
miles  under  ground,  before  they  emerge. 

Bald  Head,  cape,  on  the  s.  w.  point  of  Wells 
Bay,  Me. 

Bald  Head,  the  s.  w.  end  of  Smith's  island, 
at  the  mouth  of  Cape  Fear  r.,  N.  C.  It  has  a  light- 
house, lat.  33°  51'  n.,  Ion.  78°  13'  w. 

Bald  Mount,  p-o.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  147  n.  n. 
E.  Harrisburg,  251  W. 

Baldwin,  p-o.,  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  207  w.  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  259  W. 


Baldwin,  t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  40  n.  w 
Portland,  150  N.  N.  e.  Boston,  583  W.  It  has  Se- 
bago  pond  on  the  e.,  and  Saco  r.  on  the  w.  In- 
corporated, 1802.  It  contains  1  tannery,  4  grist 
m.,  4  saw  m. ;  11  sch.  471  scholars.  Pop.  1,134. 
Baldwin,  p-v.,  Hinds  co.,  Miss.,  43  Jackson, 
1,053  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Big  Black  r. 
Baldwin,  county,  Ga.,  in  the  central  part  of 
the  state.  It  has  an  area  of  about  216  sq.  ms. 
The  face  of  the  country  is  uneven,  and  the  soil 
moderately  good,  excepting  on  the  streams,  where 
it  is  fertile.  The  Oconee  r.  passes  through  it. 
The  capital  of  the  co.,  and  also  of  the  state,  is 
Milledgeville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
6,041,  sheep  2,639,  swine  12,549;  wheat  9,779 
bush,  produced,  rye  1,195,  Ind.  corn  210,686,  oats 
12,556,  potatoes  9,486,  cotton  1,561,654  pounds  ; 
18  stores,  cap.  $171,000  ;  4  tanneries,  4  saw  m., 
4  printing  offices,  4  weekly  newspapers.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $97,810.  1  college,  50  students,  7 
acad.  233  students,  1  sch.  12  scholars.  Pop. 
1830,  7,295;  1840,  whites  3,075,  slaves  4,107,  free 
col'd  68 ;  total,  7,250. 

Baldwin,  county,  Ala.,  in  the  s.  part  of  the 
state.  It  contains  about  2,000  sq.  ms.  The  sur- 
face near  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  is  a  sandy  plain, 
but  gradually  rises  into  pine  ridges,  in  the  inte- 
rior. The  soil  is  generally  poor,  though  some 
good  land  is  found  along  the  streams.  Chief  pro- 
duction, cotton.  Capital,  Blakely.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  17,359,  sheep  648,  swine  5, 175 ; 
Ind.  corn  49,330  bush,  produced,  potatoes  12,941, 
rice  15,180  pounds,  cotton  213,121 ;  11  stores,  cap. 
$28,150;  2  distilleries,  14  grist  m.,  39  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $135,000.  7  sch.  110  scholars. 
Pop.  1830,  2,324 ;  1840,  whites  1,161,  slaves  1,707, 
free  col'd  83  ;  total,  2,951. 

Baldwinsville,  p-v.,  Templeton  t.,  Worces- 
ter co.,  Ms.,  64  w.  by  n.  Boston,  414  W. 

Baldwinsville,  p-v.,  Lysander  t,  Onondaga 
co.,  N.  Y.,  145  w.  by  n.  Albany,  262  W.,  on  the  n. 
side  of  Seneca  r.  It  has  2  churches,  8  stores,  150 
dwellings,  1  large  woollen  fac,  3  flouring  m.,  3 
saw  m.,  1  iron  foundry,  2  machine  shops,  1  sash 
fac,  &c.  It  has  a  flourishing  academy.  Seneca 
r.  has  a  tow  path,  by  which  this  place  is  connect- 
ed with  the  Oswego  canal.     Pop.  about  1,000. 

Baldwinsville,  p-v.,  Scott  co.,  Mo.,  260  s.  e. 
Jefferson  city,  838  W. 

Bale's  Branch,  p-o.,  Green  co.,  Tenn.,  262 
Nashville,  424  W. 

Baley,  t.,  Benton  co.,  Ark.  Pop.  373. 
Balize,  La.,  (See  North  West  Pass  village.) 
Ballard,  co.,  Ky.,  taken  from  Hickman  and 
McCracken  counties  in  1842,  situated  in  the  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  375  sq.  ms.  The 
Ohio  r.  bounds  it  on  the  n.  and  n.  w.,  and  the 
Mississippi  r.  on  the  w.  Drained  by  Mayfield's 
cr.  and  branches.     Capital,  Columbus. 

Ballard's  Bridge,  p-o.,  Chowan  co.,  N.  C. 
195  e.  n.  E.  Raleigh,  275  W. 

Ballardsville,  p-v.,  Logan  co.,  Va.,  346 
Richmond,  383  W. 

Ballardsville,  p-v.,  Oldham  co.,  Ky.,  29  n. 
w.  Frankfort,  571  W.  Situated  near  the  e.  line 
of  the  county. 

Ballow's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Calcasieu  parish,  La., 
334  w.  n.  w.  N.  Orleans,  1,359  W.    Situated  on 
e.  side  of  the  Sabine  r. 
Ball  Ground,  p-o.,  Cherokee  co.,  Ga. 
Ball  Play,  p-o.,  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  189  N.  E. 
Tuscaloosa,  680  W. 

Ballville,  t.,  Sandusky  co.,  O.,  lying  on  both 
sides  of  Sandusky  r.,  affording  excellent  mill 
seats. 

Ballston,  t.,  Saratoga  co.,  N.  Y.,  26  Albany 
395  W.    The  surface  of  the  t.  is  undulating,  and 


BAL 


47 


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the  soil  a  gravelly  loam.  On  its  eastern  boundary 
is  Ballston  or  Long  lake,  4  ms.  long,  and  half  a 
mile  wide,  the  outlet  of  which  affords  some  wa- 
ter1 power.  Organized  in  1788.  There  are  sev- 
eral post-offices  and  small  villages  in  the  place. 
The  Schenectady  and  Saratoga  railroad  passes 
through  the  t.     It  contains  2  stores,  cap.  $4,500 ; 

1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  3  tanneries,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,800.  1  acad.  23  students, 
1 1  sch.  269  scholars.   Pop.  2,044. 

Ballston  Centre,  p-v.,  Ballston  t.,  Saratoga 
co.,  N.  Y.,  25  Albany,  396  W.  It  has  1  Presby- 
terian church,  1  store,  and  10  or  12  dwellings. 

Balston  Spa,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Saratoga  co., 
N.  Y.,  is  situated  in  Milton  t.,  28  Albany,  399  W. 
Through  the  village  flows  a  small  branch  of  the 
Kayaderosseras  creek.  Incorporated  1807.  It 
has  a  brick  court  house  and  jail,  a  county  clerk's 
office,  4  churches,  1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1 
Baptist,  and  1  Methodist,  1  banking  house,  20 
stores,  200  dwellings,  and  about  1,500  inhabitants. 
It  has  2  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  iron  foundry,  1 
maclune  shop,  2  tanneries,  and  1  distillery.  There 
are  several  mineral  springs  at  the  place,  more 
celebrated  formerly  than  at  present,  as  they  have 
lost  some  of  their  properties,  and  the  Sans  Souci 
Hotel,  a  large  building,  erected  for  the  accommo- 
dation of  visiters,  and  which  is  much  frequented 
in  the  summer  season.  It  is  connected  by  rail 
roads  with  Troy,  Schenectady,  and  Saratoga. 

Ballsville,  p-o.,  Powhatan  co.,  Va.,  48  w. 
Richmond,  151  W. 

Baltimore,  county,  Md.,  situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  contains  900  sq.  ms.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly,  but  not  mountainous.  It  is  watered 
by  Gunpowder  and  Patapsco  rivers.  The  capi- 
tal is  Baltimore.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  13,723,  sheep  16,826,  swine  23,883;  wheat 
153,181  bushels  produced,  rye  79,132,  Ind.  corn 
523,423,  buckwheat  9,116,  oats  300,278,  potatoes 
183,684,  tobacco  9,417  pounds ;  70  for.  commercial, 
and  108  commission  houses,  cap.  $4,404,500 ;  1,310 
ret.  stores,  cap.  $6,795,038 ;  2  forges,  4  fulling  m., 

2  woollen  fac,  13  cotton  fac.  34,102  sp.,  3  dyeing 
and  printing  estab.,  27  tanneries,  5  distilleries,  3 
breweries,  5  powder  m.,  1  glass  fac.  9  potteries,  33 
flouring  m.,  48  grist  m.,  34  saw  m.,  8  rope  walks, 
4  paper  fac,  19  printing  offices,  6  daily,  7  week- 
ly, and  5  semi-weekly  newspapers,  6  periodicals. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,294,792.  4  colleges,  395 
students,  61  acad.  2,372  students,  94  sch.  3,043 
scholars.  Population  1830, 120,876;  1840,  whites 
105,331,  slaves  7,595,  free  colored  21,453;  total, 
134,379. 

Baltimore,  the  third  city  in  population  and 
commerce  in  the  United  States,  and  capital  of 
Baltimore  county,  in  Maryland,  is  situated  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  Patapsco  river,  14  miles  from  its 
entrance  into  the  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  200  ms. 
from  the  ocean,  by  ship  channel ;  and  is  in  39° 
17'  n.  lat.,  and  76°  36'  w.  Ion.  from  Greenwich, 
and  0°  26'  e.  Ion.  from  Washington.  It  is  40 
miles  n.  e.  from  Washington,  97  s.  w.  from  Phila- 
delphia, 183  s.  w.  from  New  York,  398  s.  w. 
from  Boston,  160  n.  e.  from  Richmond,  230  e. 
s.  E.  from  Pittsburg,  590  n.  n.  e.  from  Charleston. 
The  population  in  1790,  was  13,503;  in  1800, 
26,514;  in  1810,  35,583;  in  1820,62,738;  in  1830, 
80,625;  in  1840,  102,313,  of  which  3,199  were 
slaves.  Employed  in  commerce,  1,991 ;  in  man- 
ufactures and  trades,  8,847 ;  learned  professions, 
554.  It  had  4  colleges  with  395  students;  50 
academies  and  grammar  schools,  with  2,044  stu- 
dents, 63  common  schools  with  3,401  scholars ; 
and  1,191  white  persons  over  twenty,  who  could 
neither  read  nor  write.  The  city  is  pleasantly 
situated,  on  slightly  undulating  ground,  with 


commanding  elevations  on  the  n.  and  E.  As 
laid  out  it  includes  4  miles  square,  and  is  built 
around  a  bay  which  sets  up  from  the  n.  side  of 
the  Patapsco.  The  streets  are  regular  and  spa- 
cious, and  the  houses  are  neat,  most  of  them  of 
brick,  and  some  of  them  are  splendid.  The  har- 
bor, which  is  very  fine,  consists  of  three  parts. 
The  entrance  to  it,  between  Fort  M'Henry  and 
the  Lazaretto,  is  about  600  yards  wide,  with  22 
feet  of  water.  This  depth  is  continued,  with  an 
increased  width,  for  a  mile  and  a  quarter,  to  mar 
Fell's  Point.  Opposite  Fell's  Point,  the  width 
is  contracted  to  one  fourth  of  a  mile.  This  is  the 
entrance  to  the  second  harbor,  and  is  about  12 
feet  deep;  but  it  widens  above  into  an  ellipse, 
a  mile  long,  half  a  mile  broad,  and  15  feet  deep. 
The  third  or  inner  harbor  has  a  depth  of  10  feet, 
and  penetrates  to  near  the  centre  of  the  city.  It  is 
well  defended  by  Fort  M'Henry,  at  the  entrance 
to  the  outer  harbor,  which  was  proved  by  a  pow- 
erful attack  that  was  made  upon  it  and  repulsed, 
in  the  last  war  with  Great  Britain.  Jones'  Fulls, 
a  small  stream  from  the  N.,  divides  the  city  into 
2  parts,  and  over  it  are  erected  3  elegant  stone 
bridges  and  4  wooden  ones.  Vessels  of  500  or 
600  tons  can  lie  at  the  wharves  near  Fell's  Point ; 
but  those  of  200  tons  can  come  up  to  the  town  m 
the  inner  harbor.  The  amount  of  the  tonnage  of 
this  port  in  1840,  was  76,022. 

Among  the  public  buildings,  the  City  Hall,  on 
Holliday-street,  is  a  plain  building,  3  stories 
high,  having  a  portico  with  4  massive  pillars; 
and  is  occupied  by  the  city  council  and  several 
offices.  The  Court  House,  corner  of  Monument 
square  and  Lexington-street,  is  a  large  and  com- 
modious building,  and  is  appropriated  to  the  city 
and  county  courts,  with  their  connected  offices. 
It  is  145  feet  long  and  65  wide,  two  stories  high, 
constructed  of  marble  and  brick  In  front  are 
several  Tuscan  columns,  and  the  whole  is  sur- 
mounted by  a  cupola  of  an  imposing  appearance 
There  are  six  markets.  The  State  Penitentiary 
consists  of  three  large  buildings,  besides  work- 
shops and  some  other  buildings,  and  occupies  4 
acres,  containing  gardens  and  walks,  surrounded 
by  a  stone  wall  20  feet  high.  The  prisoners 
work  together  by  day,  and  are  confined  in  sepa- 
rate cells  at  night.  The  County  Prison,  near 
the  Penitentiary,  is  a  neat  building,  with  embat- 
tled towers  at  the  ends,  and  has  an  appropriate 
cupola.  The  House  of  Refuge  is  well  fitted  for 
its  purpose.  But  the  most  imposing  public  struc- 
ture is  the  Washington  Monument,  at  the  inter- 
section of  Charles  and  Monument  streets.  Its 
base  is  50  feet  square  and  20  feet  high,  on  which 
is  a  pedestal  supporting  a  Doric  column,  140  feet 
high,  on  the  top  of  which  is  a  statue  of  Wash- 
ington, 13  feet  high.  The  column  is  20  feet  in 
diameter  at  the  bottom  and  14  feet  at  the  top, 
and  is  ascended  by  a  circular  stair-case  on  the 
inside.  The  Battle  Monument,  corner  of  Calvert 
and  Fayette  streets,  was  erected  in  1815,  in  com- 
memoration of  the  successful  defence  of  the  city 
against  an  attack  of  the  British  in  September, 
1814,  and  is  52  feet  high,  including  an  elegant 
statue  on  the  top,  emblematical  of  the  city  of 
Baltimore.  The  names  of  those  who  fell  in  the 
battle  are  inscribed  on  the  column  in  letters  of 
gold. 

Baltimore  is  well  supplied  with  pure  and  whole- 
some water.  In  several  parts  of  the  city  are 
public  springs  or  fountains,  accessible  to  all  the 
citizens.  These  fountains  are  enclosed  by  cir- 
cular railings,  and  covered  by  small,  neat,  open 
temples,  consisting  of  columns  supporting  a  dome. 
These  are  denominated  the  City  Spring,  Western 
Fountain,  Centre  Fountain,  and  Eastern  Fount- 


BAL 


48 


BAN 


ain;  and  they  are  an  ornament  as  well  as  a 
convenience  to  the  city.  But  there  is  a  still  more 
copious  supply  of  water  from  an  elevated  part 
of  Jones'  Falls,  in  an  aqueduct  half  a  mile  long, 
to  a  reservoir  on  Calvert-street,  whence  it  is  dis- 
tributed in  pipes  through  the  city.  The  harbor 
of  Baltimore  is  accessible  through  a  great  part 
of  the  year,  though  sometimes  obstructed  by  ice. 
The  commerce  is  great,  for  which  it  enjoys  pe- 
culiar facilities.  It  possesses  most  of  the  trade 
of  Maryland,  about  half  that  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  a  portion  of  that  of  the  Western  States.  In 
its  shipping,  it  is  the  third  city  in  the  Union.  It 
is  the  greatest  market  for  tobacco  in  the  United 
States,  and  the  greatest  flour  market  in  the  world. 
Its  tonnage  in  1840  amounted  to  76,022.  Its  man- 
ufactures are  not  less  extensive  than  its  com- 
merce. A  vast  amount  of  water  power  is  con- 
centrated in  its  vicinity.  Jones'  Falls,  though 
a  small  stream,  has  a  succession  of  falls  which 
afford  considerable  water  power.  The  Patapsco, 
though  not  a  large  river,  has  a  fall  of  about  800 
feet  in  a  course  of  thirty  miles ;  and  it  affords 
many  valuable  mill  sites.  There  are  within  20 
miles  of  the  city,  60  flouring  mills,  besides  numer- 
ous cotton  manufactories,  and  other  manufac- 
tories of  cloth,  powder,  paper,  iron,  copper,  glass, 
steam  engines,  chemicals,  tobacco,  &c.  There 
were  in  1840,  70  commercial  and  108  commis- 
sion houses,  with  a  cap.  of  $4,404,500 ;  1,254  retail 
stores,  cap.  $6,703,611;  20  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$267,500 ;  machinery  manufac.  to  the  amount  of 
$284,000;  hardware  and  cutlery  $10,300;  pre- 
cious metals  $13,000 ;  of  various  metals  $310,000 ; 

1  woollen  fac,  cap.  $20,000 ;  1  cotton  fac.  3,600 
sp.;  1  dyeing  and  printing  establishment,  total  cap, 
$16,200;  tobacco,  cap.  $118,900;  13  tanneries, 
cap.  $132,800;  3  distilleries,  3  breweries,  capital 
$87,000;  1  powder  m.,  cap.  $30,000;  paints, 
drugs,  &c,  cap.  $79,000  ;  1  glass  factory,  capital 
$30,000 ;  9  potteries,  cap.  $22,300 ;  6  sugar  re- 
fineries produced  $176,000;  3  paper  fac.  prod. 
$59,000 ;  8  rope  walks,  cap.  $66,550 ;  1  grist  m., 

2  saw  m.,  cap.  $27,000 ;  furniture  to  the  amount 
of  $268,200;  213  brick  and  stone  houses,  and 
1  wooden  house,  employed  845  persons,  and 
cost  $548,400 ;  19  printing  offices,  10  binderies, 
6  daily,  7  weekly,  5  semi-weekly  newspapers, 
and  6  periodicals,  employed  279  persons,  and  a 
cap.  of  $119,900.  Total  cap.  in  manufactures 
$2,729,983.  4  univ.  and  colleges,  395  students, 
50  acad.  or  gram,  sch.,  2,044  students,  63  com. 
and  prim,  schools  with  3,401  scholars. 

The  Baltimore  and  Port  Deposite  railroad  ex- 
tends 36  miles  to  Havre  de  Grace,  and  there 
connects  with  a  chain  of  railroads  to  Philadelphia, 
making  the  whole  distance  95  miles.  The  Wash- 
ington branch  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  rail- 
road extends  38  miles  to  Washington  city.  The 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  railroad  is  completed  over 
80  miles  to  Harper's  Ferry,  and  is  designed  to  be 
continued  to  Wheeling,  on  the  Ohio.  It  already 
brings  much  trade  into  Baltimore  and  when 
completed  will  form  the  most  direct  communica- 
tion which  exists  between  the  Atlantic  coast  and 
the  Mississippi  valley.  The  Baltimore  and  Sus- 
quehanna railroad  extends  to  York  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  connects  with  a  chain  of  railroads  to 
Philadelphia  and  Baltimore.  There  are  lines  of 
steam  packets  to  Philadelphia  and  to  Norfolk, 
and  other  packets  to  New  York  and  to  various 
parts  of  the  Atlantic  coast. 

There  were  in  1840,  9  banks,  besides  savings 

institutions,  with  an  aggregate  cap.  of  $2,500,000. 

The  University  of  Maryland  was  incorporated 

in  1812,  and  the  Baltimore  College  has  since  been 


The  medical 
St. 


a  medical  and  a  law  department 
department  has  6  professors  and  65  students 
Mary's  College  is  a  flourishing  Catholic  institu- 
tion; has  25  instructors  and  73  students,  and 
12,000  volumes  in  its  libraries.  The  Maryland 
Institute  has  for  its  object  the  diffusion  of  scien- 
tific and  mechanical  knowledge,  by  means  of 
lectures  and  otherwise.  It  has  a  fine  chemical 
laboratory,  and  a  complete  philosophical  appara- 
tus. The  Maryland  Academy  of  Science  and 
Literature,  located  in  the  Athenseum  buildings, 
which  were  erected  for  scientific  purposes,  has 
collections  in  the  several  departments  of  natural 
history,  plaster  casts,  &c.  Other  institutions  are 
Asbury  College,  and  several  free  schools,  found- 
ed by  donations  from  benevolent  individuals, 
The  City  Library,  the  Apprentices  Library,  and 
the  Exchange  Reading  Room  are  valuable  insti- 
tutions. 

There  is  a  number  of  public  schools,  some  of 
which  have  fine  buildings,  and  are  well  provided 
with  all  the  means  of  instruction. 

There  are  in  the  city  42  churches,  of  which  the 
Episcopalians  have  5,  the  Roman  Catholics  have 
6,  one  of  which  is  a  splendid  cathedral,  the  Pres- 
byterians have  3,  the  Scotch  Presbyterians  2,  the 
Baptists  4,  the  Methodists  have  9,  and  there  are 
various  others. 

There  are  various  benevolent  institutions, 
among  which  are  the  hospital,  the  building  of 
which  cost  $150,000;  the  almshouse,  375  feet 
long,  with  spacious  grounds ;  several  dispensa- 
ries and  several  orphan  asylums,  and  some  others. 
There  are  2  theatres,  a  circus,  a  museum,  with 
some  other  places  of  amusement. 

Baltimore  was  first  laid  out  as  a  town  in  1729, 
and  in  1765,  it  contained  but  50  houses.  It  re- 
ceived a  charter  as  a  city  in  1797.  Few  towns 
in  the  United  States  have  risen  more  rapidly  ; 
and  its  growth  is  of  a  substantial  and  permanent 
character. 

Baltimore,  p-v.,  Liberty  t.,  Fairfield  co.,  O., 
32  s.  w.  Columbus,  378  W.  It  is  on  high  ground, 
on  both  sides  of  the  Ohio  canal.  It  has  3  stores 
and  2  warehouses,  1  large  flouring  m.,  2  tanne- 
ries, 1  woollen  factory,  over  100  dwellings,  and 
more  than  500  inhabitants.  It  has  a  printing  of- 
fice, at  which  a  weekly  paper  is  issued. 

Baltimore,  t.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  65  s.  Mont- 
pelier.  Organized  in  1794.  The  surface  is 
stony,  and  the  soil  warm.  Hawk  Mountain  di- 
vides it  from  Cavendish,  to  which  it  originally 
belonged.  It  has  1  sch.  40  scholars.  Pop.  155. 
Baltimore,  Hundred,  Sussex  co.,  Del.  It 
has  7  stores,  cap.  6,400;  2  grist  m.,  2  sawm., 
6  sch.  185  scholars.     Pop.  2,241. 

Baltimore,  p-v.,  Warren  co.,  la.,  77  n.  w. 
Indianapolis,  648  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
the  Wabash  r. 

Bangor,  city  and  p-t.,  the  capital  of  Penob- 
scot co.,  Me.  It  is  situated  at  the  head  of  the 
navigation  on  the  w.  side  of  Penobscot  river,  60 
miles  from  the  ocean.  It  is  in  44°  47'  50'  n. 
lat.,  and  68°  47'  w.  Ion.,  68  e.  n.  e.  Augusta,  120 
n.  E.  by  E.  Portland,  230  n.  e.  Boston,  Mass., 
663  W.  Pop.  1790,  169;  1800,  277;  1810,  850 
1820,  1,221;  1830,  2,868;  1840,  8,627.  Kendus- 
keag,  a  stream  190  yards  wide  at  its  mouth,  di- 
vides the  city  into  2  parts,  which  are  connected 
by  bridges.  This  stream  has  falls  about  1  mile 
from  the  city,  which  afford  many  mill  seats. 
Just  above  the  city,  is  abridge  across  the  Penob- 
scot r.,  1,320  feet  long,  connecting  it  with  Orring- 

tnn    m/LJoVi    f.,i.,f  £-%n  t\iv\       n^u*   u. 1 ___!._•   i_  r_. 


I  ton,  which  cost  $50,000.  The  harbor,  which  is 
at  and  below  the  mouth  of  the  Kenduskeag,  is 
-pacious ;  the  tide  here  rises  17  feet,  and  is  of 


merged  in  it.   It  has  an  academical  and  scientific,  |  itself  sufficient  to  float  vessels  of  a  large  class. 


BAR 


49 


BAR 


The  principal  article  of  trade  is  lumber,  which 
comes  down  the  river  in  immense  quantities. 
1,200  vessels,  of  over  100  tons  burden  each,  are 
employed,  in  the  season  of  navigation,  in  the 
lumber  trade,  besides  a  large  number  of  vessels 
engaged  in  the  coasting  and  foreign  trade.  It 
has  an  extensive  back  country,  in  which  there 
is  much  good  land.  The  city  occupies  a  plea- 
sant and  commanding  situation,  affording  a  fine 
view  of  the  river  and  surrounding  country.  The 
buildings,  both  public  and  private,  are  not  only 
neat,  but  many  of  them  elegant.  Steamboats 
regularly  ply  between  this  place  and  Portland, 
and  Boston,  when  the  river  is  open,  which  is 
about  eight  months  in  the  year.  Bangor  has  7 
churches,  1  Congregational,  1  Episcopal,  1  Bap- 
tist, 1  Methodist,  1  Lutheran,  1  Universalist,  and 

1  Roman  Catholic.  It  was  incorporated  as  a 
town  in  1791 ;  as  a  city,  in  1834.  The  Bangor 
Theological  Seminary,  originally  called  the 
"Maine  Charity  School,"  and  first  located  at 
Hampden,  6  ms.  s.,  was  opened  in  1816.  It  is 
designed  to  give  a  classical  and  theological  edu- 
cation for  the  ministry,  in  a  shorter  time  than  is 
ordinarily  employed  in  a  collegiate  and  theolo- 
gical course,  and  is  under  the  direction  of  the 
Congregationalists.  It  has  3  professors,  43  stu- 
dents, 139  alumni,  and  7,000  vols,  in  its  libraries. 
11  commercial  and  commission  houses  in  foreign 
trade,  cap.  $98,500 ;  134  ret.  stores,  cap.  $318,500 ; 
value  of  lumber  produced  $305,500  ;  1  tannery, 

2  grist  m.,  42  saw  m.,  3  printing  offices,  1  daily, 
2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$101,800.  2  academies,  29  students,  25  schools, 
1,647  scholars. 

Bangor,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  N.  Y.,  6  w.  Ma- 
lone,  219  n.  n.  w.  Albany,  530  W.  The  surface 
is  level ;  and  the  soil,  a  sandy  loam,  is  fer- 
tile. It  is  watered  by  the  tributaries  of  Salmon 
r.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $7,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2 
tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap. 
inmanufac.  $12,620.  7  sch.  400  scholars.  Pop. 
1,289. 

Bangor,  p-o.,  Richland  co.,  O.,  65  n.  by  e. 
Columbus,  390  W. 

Bannister,  r.,  waters  Pittsylvania  and  Hali- 
fax counties,  Va.,  and  falls  into  Dan  r.  10  ms. 
above  the  junction  of  the  latter  with  Roanoke  r. 

Bantam,  p-o.,  Clermont  co.,  O.,  108  s.  w. 
Columbus,  479  W. 

Bantam  Fall,  p-o.,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct.,  36 
Hartford,  328  W. 

Baptistown,  p-v.,  Kingwood  t.,  Hunterdon 
co.,  N.  J.,  33  n.  n.  w.  Trenton,  190  W.  It  con- 
tains a  Baptist  church,  a  store,  and  10  or  12 
dwellings.  There  is  a  Presbyterian  church 
within  1  mile  of  the  v.  The  country  around 
has  a  fertile  soil,  and  is  well  cultivated. 

Barber's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Isle  of  Wight 
co.,  Va. 

Barbour,  county,  Ala.,  in  the  E.  border  of  the 
state,  has  the  Chattahoochee  r.  on  the  E.,  and 
Pea  r.  on  the  w.  Drained  principally  by  branches 
of  the  Chattahoochee  r.  The  surface  is  rolling, 
soil  on  the  margins  of  streams  fertile.  Capital, 
Clayton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
18,544,  sheep  2,063,  swine  28,465 ;  wheat  6,239 
bush,  produced,  rye  123,  Ind.  corn  327,936,  bar- 
ley 295,  oats  4,039,  potatoes  12,204,  rice  4,860 
pounds,  cotton  2,959,109 ;  36  stores,  cap.  $184,196 ; 
2  tanneries,  22  grist  m.,  22  saw  m.,  1  printing  of- 
fice, 1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$22,094.  1  acad.  50  students,  22  sch.  549  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  6,469,  slaves  5,548,  free  col'  d  7 ; 
total,  12,024. 

Barbour's  Mills,  p-o.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa., 
113  N.  by  w.  Harrisburg,  223  W. 
7 


Barboursville,  p-o.,  Tompkins  t.,  Delawuio 
co.,  N.  Y.,  117  w.  by  s.  Albany,  307  W. 

Barboursville,  p-v.,  Orange  co.,  Va.,  at  the 
foot  of  S.  Mountain,  80  n.  w.  Richmond,  107  W. 

Barboursville,  p-o.,  Chautauque  co.,  N.  Y., 

Barboursville,  p-o.,  capital  Knox  co.,  Ky., 
119  s.  e.  by  s.  Frankfort,  519  W.  Situated  on 
the  n.  side  of  Cumberland  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  several  stores  and  dwellings,  2  sch. 
54  scholars,  and  224  inhabitants. 

Barboursville,  v.,  capital  of  Cabell  co.,  Va., 
352  n.  n.  w.  Richmond,  389  W.  On  the  e. 
bank  of  Great  Guyandot  r.,  5  ms.  above  its  en- 
trance into  Ohio  r.  (See  Cabell,  C.  H.) 

Barcelona,  p-o.,  and  port  of  entry,  Westfield 
t.,  Chautauque  co.,  N.  Y.,  51  s.  w.  Buffalo,  343  w. 
Albany,  346  W.  Situated  on  Lake  Erie,  the  west- 
ernmost village  in  the  state,  and  is  a  place  of 
considerable  trade.  It  has  10  stores  and  ware- 
houses, and  50  dwellings.    Pop.  300. 

Barcelona,  p-o.,  Bloomfield  t.,  Richland  co., 
O.,  14  Mansfield,  60  n.  n.  e.  Columbus,  393  W. 

Bardstown,  p-t.,  Nelson  co.,  Ky.  (See  Bairds- 
town.) 

Bares,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  O.,  144  e.  Columbus, 
278  W. 

Bargaintown,  p-v.,  Egg  Harbor  t.,  Atlantic 
co.,  N.  J.,  87  s.  by  e.  Trenton,  197  W.  It  has  a 
Methodist  church,  1  store,  1  grist  m.,  and  30 
dwellings. 

Barges,  p-o.,  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  122  s.  by  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  903  W. 

Barhamsville,  p-o.,  New  Kent  co.,  Va.,  40 
E.  Richmond,  157  W. 

Bar  Harbor,  p-o.,  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  109  n. 
w.  Augusta,  691  W. 

Bairfield's  Point,  p-o.,  Crittenden  co.,  Ark. 

Baring,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  201  e.  n.  e. 
Augusta,  871  W.  It  lies  s.  of  the  St.  Croix  r., 
and  has  a  railroad  4  ms.  to  Calais.  It  contains  1 
store,  cap.  $1,500 ;  1  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $39,160.  2  sch.  162  scholars.  Pop. 
376. 

Bark  Camp,  p-o.,  Burke  co.,  Ga.,  68  e  Milledge- 
ville,  642  W. 

Barker,  t.,  Broome  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  n.  Bingham- 
ton,  135  s.  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and 
the  soil  good  for  grazing.  Watered  by  Tiough- 
nioga  cr.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $9,000 ;  1  fulling 
m.,  1  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.,  14  sch.  419  scholars. 
Pop.  1,259. 

Barker's,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Pa.,  219  w.  s.  w. 
Harrisburg,  235  W. 

Barker's  Settlement,  p-o.,  Randolph  co., 
Va.,  221  n.  w.  Richmond,  248  W. 

Barkhamstead,  p-t.,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct.,  24  n. 
w.  Hartford,  360  W.  The  surface  is  rough,  but 
the  soil  is  good  for  grazing.  Watered  by 
branches  of  Farmington  r.  Incorporated,  1779. 
It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $17,500  ;  1  tannery,  1  grist 
m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $25,527.  8  sch. 
308  scholars.    Pop.  1,571. 

Bark  River,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  Wis.  It  has  2 
saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,500.    Pop.  53. 

Barksdale,  p-o.,  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  132  s.  w. 
Richmond,  219  W. 

Barnard,  t.,  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.  It  has  2 
sch.  80  scholars.    Pop.  153. 

Barnard,  p-t.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  10  n.  Wood- 
stock, 42  s.  Montpelier,  491  W.  The  surface  is 
hilly,  but  the  soil  is  good  for  grazing.  It  is  wa- 
tered by  tributaries  of  White  and  Queechee  rs. 
Near  the  centre  of  the  town  is  a  pond,  covering 
100  acres,  from  which  a  small  mill  stream  issues. 
It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $15,000;  3  tanneries,  1  grist 
m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,300.  15 
sch.  628  scholars.    Pop.  1,774. 


BAR 


50 


BAR 


151 


Barnardsville,  p-v,  Roane  co.,  Tenn., 

riefttfeT'byE.ColumU  310W     The  sur- 
face is  moderately  uneven.    Fop.  111. 

Barnegat,  v,  Poughkeepsie  t.,  Dutchess  co 
N  Y.,  E.  side  of  Hudson  r.,  4  ms.  s.  ot  the  vj. 
lace  of  Poughkeepsie.    It  has  1  store,  and  2d  or 
30  dwellings.      Lime  is  extensively  produced 
here.    Pop.  180. 

Barnegat,  p-v.,  Stafford  t.,  Monmouth  co.,N. 
J  56  s.  e.  Trenton,  205  W.  It  is  on  a  sandy 
soil,  surrounded  by  pine  forest,  has  4  stores,  and 
50  dwellings. 

Barnegat  Bay,  is  separated  from  the  ocean 
by  Island  Beach,  and  Squam  Beach,  and  ex- 
tends from  Barnegat  Inlet,  by  which  it  is  entered, 
20  miles  to  Metetecunk  r.,  and  is  from  1  to  4 

miles  wide.  „**---/     J,v* 

Barnes,  p-o.,  Richland  co.,  O.,  67  N.  Colum- 
bus, 379  W.  m 

Barnes,  p-o.,  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  97  s.  by  E.  Tus- 
caloosa, 858  W. 

Barnes'  Bridge,  p-o.,  Richmond  co.,  IS.  C, 
100  s.  w.  Raleigh,  396  W. 

Barnesville,  v.,  Warren  t.,  Belmont  co.,  O. 
30  s.  w.  by  w.  Wheeling,  101  e.  Columbus,  299 
W.  It  has  9  stores,  1  Methodist  church,  130 
dwellings,  40  mechanic  shops,  6  large  tobacco 
warehouses,  1  steam  woollen  fac,  1  do.  saw  m., 
1  do.  large  grist  m. ;  1  select  female  school,  2  com. 
schools.    Incorporated  1835.    Pop.  700. 

Barnesview,  v.,  Clark  co.,  Mo.,  2  ms.  e. 
Wiaconda  r. 

Barnet,  p-t.,  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  10  s.  by  e. 
Danville,  48  E.  Montpelier,  535  W.  It  lies  on 
Connecticut  r.  at  the  Fifteen-miles  Falls,  oppo- 
site to  Lyman,  N.  H.  It  has  a  good  soil,  and  is 
watered  by  Pasumsic  and  Stevens'  rivers,  the 
latter  of  which  has  falls  of  100  feet  in  10  rods, 
affording  good  mill  privileges.  The  t.  contains 
slate  and  iron  ore.  It  has  8  stores,  cap.  $20,300 ; 
4  woollen  fac,  4  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  10  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $88,100.  14  sch.  607  scholars. 
Pop.  2,030. 

Barnett's  Creek,  p-o.,  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  162 
s.  by  w.  Frankfort,  706  W. 

Barnetts'  Mills,  p-o.,  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  91 
n.  by  w.  Richmond,  79  W. 

Barnhart's  Mills,  p-o.,  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  212 
w.  by  n.  Harrisburg,  254  W. 

Barnstable,  county,  Mass.,  includes  the 
whole  of  Cape  Cod,  in  the  e.  part  of  the  state. 
The  cape  is  65  ms.  long,  and  has  a  medium 
breadth  of  5  ms.  A  greater  portion  of  the  cape 
is  sandy  and  dry,  and  incapable  of  furnishing  the 
necessary  subsistence  to  the  inhabitants,  who 
depend  chiefly  upon  the  cod,  mackerel,  and 
other  fisheries.  Salt  is  extensively  made  from 
sea  water,  evaporated  by  the  heat  of  the  sun. 
Most  of  the  male  inhabitants  are  sailors ;  and  the 
dangers  of  the  sea  are  evinced  by  the  great  num- 
ber of  widows  found  in  the  population.  There 
are  13  towns  in  the  county.  Capital,  Barnsta- 
ble. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,797,  sheen 
6,207,  swine  4,153  ;  wheat  3,107  bush,  produced, 
rye  13,256,  Ind.  corn  59,55 3,  oats  10,281,  potatoes 
75,759,  domestic  salt  311,326;  186  stores,  cap. 
$303,925  ;  cap.  in  fisheries  $739,455  ;  3  fulling  m. 
1  woollen  fac,  9  tanneries,  1  glass  fac,  1  pottery, 
1  rope  walk,  61  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  2  printing 
offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$441,220.  11  acad.  557  students,  167  sch.  10,359 
scholars.    Pop.  1830,28,525;  1840,32,513. 

Barnstable,  p-t.,  seaport,  and  capital  of 
Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  74  s.  e.  Boston,  475  W. 
The  t.  extends  across  the  cape,  and  the  village 


is  on  the  s.  side  of 'Barnstable  Bay,  which  opens 
into  Cape  Cod  Bay.  The  mouth  of  the  bay  has 
a  bar,  with  6  or  7  feet  water.  Between  50  and 
60  fishing  and  coasting  vessels  belong  to  the 
place.  The  tonnage  of  the  port  in  1840,  was 
56,556.  The  land  of  the  t.  is  much  better  than 
that  of  most  parts  of  Cape  Cod.  It  has  29  stores, 
cap.  $41,750  ;  cap.  in  fisheries  $57,000  ;  salt  pro- 
duced, $22,585  bushels ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery, 
1  pottery,  9  grist  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac  $30,500.  2  acad. 
87  students,  22  sch.  1,193  scholars.  Pop.  4,301. 
Barnstead,  p-t.,  Belknap  co.,  N.  H.,  18  n.  e. 
Concord,  499  W.  Incorporated,  1767.  The  sur- 
face is  rolling,  but  not  -mountainous ;  soil,  well 
adapted  to  grazing.  It  has  several  ponds  which 
discharge  their  waters  into  Suncook  r.  It  has 
7  stores,  cap.  $12,500  ;  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  11 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,850.  17  sch.  702 
scholars.     Pop.  1,945. 

Barnsville,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  79 
w.  by  n.  Annapolis,  39  W. 

Barnsville,  p-v.,  Pike  co.,  Ga.,  40  Macon,  65 
w.  Milledgeville,  687  W.  It  has  1  Baptist  church, 
1  academy,  and  8  stores.  The  Monroe  railroad 
passes  through  it. 

Barnwell,  s.  w.  district  of  S.  C,  contains  an 
area  of  1,680  sq.  ms.  It  lies  between  the  Sa- 
vannah r.  on  the  s.  w.  and  the  S.  Edisto  r.  on 
the  n.  e.  Soil,  moderately  good.  Cotton  is  the 
chief  production.  It  communicates  with  Savan- 
nah by  the  Savannah  r.,  and  with  Beaufort,  and 
the  adjoining  islands,  by  the  Salkahatchie  r.,  and 
with  Charleston  by  the  Charleston  and  Ham- 
burg railroad,  which  passes  through  it.  There 
are  several  sulphur  springs  in  the  district,  one  of 
which  affords  water  sufficient  to  propel  an  ordi- 
nary grist  mill.  Capital,  Barnwell  C.  H.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  28,117,  sheep  6,201, 
swine  47,724 ;  wheat  15,889  bush,  produced,  rye 
4,525,  Ind.  corn  670,581,  oats  16,700,  potatoes 
45,952,  rice  18,000  pounds,  cotton  2,804,067, 
silk  cocoons  240 ;  38  stores,  cap.  $196,450;  1  cot- 
ton fac.  1,308  sp.,  7  flouring  m.,  66  grist  m.,  75 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $183,475.  4  acad.  95 
students,  20  sch.  481  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  19,236  ; 
1840,  whites  10,533,  slaves  10,503,  free  col'd  435 ; 
total,  21,471.  ' 

Barnwell,  p-v.,  capital  of  Barnwell  dist.,  S. 
C,  100  s.  by  w.  Columbia,  604  W.  Situated  on 
Turkey  creek,  near  the  Great  Salkahatchie  r. 
It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  market  house,  3 
churches,  1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  1  Roman  Cath- 
olic It  has  3  academies,  7  stores,  and  35  dwell- 
ings.   Pop.  400. 

Barre,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  7  s.  Mont- 
pelier, 48  n.  by  w.  Windsor,  520  W.  The  soil 
is  good,  particularly  for  grazing.  Watered  by 
branches  of  Onion  r.  which  afford  water  power. 
Organized  in  1793.  There  is  1  Congregational, 
1  Methodist,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Universalist  church. 
This  town  furnishes  an  inexhaustible  quantity 
of  fine  building  granite,  of  which  the  state  house 
in  Montpelier  was  constructed.  It  is  also 
wrought  into  mill  stones.  It  has  6  stores,  cap. 
$22,300  ;  4  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  2  flouring  m., 
4  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,000. 
15  sch.  610  scholars.     Pop.  2,126. 

Barre,  t.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.  8  stores,  cap. 
$35,900 ;  1  furnace,  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
3  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  3  grist  m.,  19  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  22,540.  10  sch.  331  scholars. 
Pop.  2,225. 

Barre,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Ms.,  65  w.  Boston, 
409  W.  It  is  on  elevated  ground,  has  a  good 
soil,  particularly  for  grazing,  and  is  watered  by 
Ware  r.  and  its  branches,  supplying  good  water 


BAR 


51 


BAR 


power,  which  has  been  employed  in  manufac- 
tures. 1  woollen  i'ac,  1  cotton  far.  2,500  sp.,  1 
powder  m.,  3  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac 121,300.  1  acad.  40  students,  13  sch.  712 
scholars.     Pop.  2,751. 

Bar  re,  p-t.,  Orleans  co.,  N.  Y.,  252  w.  Albany, 
390  W.  The  surface  is  undulating,  the  soil  a 
fertile  loam,  adapted  both  to  grain  and  grazing. 
The  Erie  canal  passes  through  the  town.  It  con- 
tains several  villages,  the  chief  of  which  are  Al- 
bion and  Barre  Centre.  It  has  26  stores,  cap. 
Si 08,800 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  furnaces,  3  tanneries,  1 
flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  2  printing  of- 
fices, 2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$6  1,140.  2  acad.  344  students,  34  com.  schools, 
1,746  scholars.     Pop.  5,539. 

Barre  Centre,  p-v.,  Barre  t,  Orleans  co., 
N.  Y.,  254  w.  by  N.  Albany,  383  W.  It  has  1 
church,  2  stores,  1  steam  flouring  m.,  and  20 
dwellings. 

Barren,  county,  in  the  s.  part  of  Ky.,  contains 
540  sq.  ms.  Watered  by  Little  Barren  r.,  and 
Beaver  branch  of  Big  Barren  r.  The  surface  is 
moderately  uneven,  and  the  soil  tolerably  fer- 
tile. Capital,  Glasgow.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  18,472,  sheep  24,916,  swine  60,932 ; 
wheat  80,346  bush,  produced,  rye  5,087,  Indian 
corn  697,578,  oats  229,403,  potatoes  28,109,  to- 
bacco 2,321,283  pounds,  cotton  15,040,  sugar 
22,390,  salt  9,000  bush. ;  24  stores,  cap.  $106,400; 
17  tanneries,  43  distilleries,  2  flouring  m.,  55  grist 
m.,  22  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $68,883.  2 
acad.  32  students,  33  sch.  739  scholars.  Pop. 
1830,15,079;  1840,  whites  13,147,  slaves  4,065, 
free  col'd  76  ;  total,  17,238. 

Barren,  2  small  rivers  of  Kentucky,  called 
Big  Barren  and  Little  Barren  rivers,  tributaries 
of  Green  r.  The  former  falls  into  Green  r.  in 
the  n.  w.  corner  of  Warren  co. ;  the  latter,  w.  of 
Greensburg. 

Barren,  p-o.,  Harrison  co.,  la.,  118  s.  Indian- 
apolis, 622  W. 

Barren,  p-o.,  Williamson  co.,  Tenn.,  25  s. 
Nashville,  709  W. 

Barren  Creek  Springs,  p-o.,  Somerset  co., 
Md.,  84  s.  e.  Annapolis,  124  W. 

Barren  Hill,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  96  e. 
by  s.  Harrisburg,  149  W. 

Barren  Hill,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,  Tenn.,  105  w. 
N.  w.  Nashville,  791  W. 

Barren  Plain,  p-o.,  Robertson  co.,  Tenn.,  32 
N.  Nashville,  714  W. 

Barretsville,  p-v.,  Lumpkin  co.,  Ga.,  20  s. 
w.  Dahlonega,  124  n.  n.  w.  Milledgeville,  645 
W.    Situated  near  the  Etowah  r. 

Barrington,  p-t.,  Strafford  co.,  N.  H.,  20  n. 
w.  Portsmouth,  35  e.  Concord,  505  W.  The  sur- 
face is  uneven,  and  the  soil  a  gravelly  loam.  It 
has  13  ponds,  the  outlets  of  some  of  which  fur- 
nish mill  seats.  ■  Incorporated  1722.  There  is  a 
curious  cave  in  this  town,  called  the  Devil's  den, 
having  several  chambers,  one  of  which  is  60  feet 
long,  10  or  15  high,  and  6  or  8  wide.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $2,300 ;  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $3,100.  12  sch.  535  scholars.  Pop. 
1,844. 

Barrington,  p-t.,  Bristol  co.,  R.  I.,  8  e.  s.  e. 
Providence,  408  W.  Soil,  fertile  sandy  loam, 
manured  by  sea  weed.  Incorporated  1771.  It 
is  connected  with  Warren  by  a  bridge.  It  has 
1  store,  cap.  $500 ;  1  grist  m. ;  3  sch.  90  scholars. 
Pop.  549. 

Barrington,  p-t.,  Yates  co.,  N.  Y.,  8  s.  Penn 
Yan,  201  w.  Albany,  322  W.  Surface  slightly 
uneven,  soil  a  fertile  gravelly  loam.  It  lies  on 
the  e.  side  of  Crooked  Lake,  and  has  1  store,  cap. 
$2,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries, 


1  brewery,  3  (louring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  11  saw  m., 

2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  papers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $199,450.  12  sch.  578  scholars.  Pop. 
1,868.  v 

Barrington,  Great,  p-t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass. 
(See  Great  Barrington.) 

Barrowimi.e,  p-v.,  Fairfield  dist.,  S.  C,  26  n. 
Columbia,  479  W. 

Barry,  county,  in  the  w.  part  of  Michigan 
proper,  has  an  area  of  576  sq.  ms.  Drained 
chiefly  by  Thorn  Apple  r.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating and  sometimes  broken,  and  the  soil  fertile. 
The  natural  growth  is  beech,  sugar-maple,  white- 
wood,  ash,  &c.  Capital,  Hastings.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  991,  sheep  86,  swine  1,307; 
wheat  12,884  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn.  9,435, 
barley  563,  oats  13,775,  potatoes  13,255,  sugar 
10,950  pounds;  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$1,800.     12  sch.  240  scholars.     Pop.  1,078. 

Barry,  county,  Mo.,  in  the  s.  w.  part  of  the 
state,  contains  830  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  the  soil  generally  good.  It  contains  an  in- 
termixture of  woodland  and  prairie.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,490,  sheep  2,918,  swine 
18,672;  wheat  13,157  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
280,140,  oats  17,735,  potatoes  8,585,  cotton  10,001 
pounds ;  9  stores,  cap.  $52,210 ;  2  tanneries,  5 
distilleries,  4  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $6,650.  10  sch.  278  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
4,515,  slaves  269,  free  col'd  8;  total,  4,795. 

Barry,  p-o.,  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  91  n.  w.  An- 
napolis, 59  W. 

Barry,  p-t.,  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  76  Harrisburg, 
186  W.  It  has  broad  mountains  and  fruitful  val- 
leys. Watered  by  Deep  cr.,  a  tributary  of  the 
Susquehanna  r.    It  contains  2  stores,  cap.  $800 ; 

1  forge,  3  grist  m.,  23  saw  m.    Pop.  639. 
Barry,  p-o.,  Cuyahoga  co.,  O.,  158  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 346  W. 

Barry,  p-v.,  Sandstone  t.,  Jackson  co.,  Mich., 
85  w.  Detroit,  555  W. ;  on  Sandstone  creek, 
and  has  2  stores,  a  saw  mill,  and  a  quarry  of 
sandstone.  It  is  on  the  route  of  Detroit  and  St. 
Joseph  railroad. 

Barry,  p-o.,  Campbell  co.,  Ky.,  86  n.  by  E. 
Frankfort,  501  W. 

Barry,  p-o.,  Pike  co.,  111.,  78  w.  s.  w.  Spring- 
field, 858  W. 

Barry,  p-o.,  Clay  co.,  Mo.,  169  w.  by  n.  Jef- 
ferson city,  1,082  W. 

Barry,  t.,  Barry  co.,  Mich.    It  has  1  saw  m., 

3  sch.  70  scholars.    Pop.  343. 

Barry's  Bridge,  p-o.,  Lunenburg  co.,  Va.r 
119  s.  w.  Richmond,  235  W. 

Barryton,  p-o.,  capital  Washington  co.,  Ala.r 
133  s.  s.  w.  Tuscaloosa,  951  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Barrytown,  p-o.,  Redhookt.,  Dutchess  eo., 
N.  Y.,  53  s.  Albany,  325  W.  It  is  on  the  e.  side 
of  Hudson  r.  It  has  a  convenient  landing,  2 
stores,  and  several  dwellings. 

Barryville,  p-o.,  Forrestburgh  t,  Sullivan 
co.,  N.  Y.,  137  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  295  W. 

Barryville,  p-o.,  Stark  co.,  O,,  131  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 310  W. 

Barryville,  p-o.,  Fayette  co*,  Ga.,  93  w.  n. 
w.  Milledgeville,  697  W. 

Bart,  p-t.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  55  e.  Harris- 
burg, 112  W.  Drained  by  a  head  branch  of  the 
Octarara  cr.     7  stores,  cap.  $18,000 ;  1  furnace, 

2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  3  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m., 

4  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $28,500.  7 
sch.  245  scholars.    Pop.  1,859. 

Barter  Brook,  p-o.,  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  114 
Richmond,  156  W. 

Bartholomew,  county,  la.,  a  little  s.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state,  contains  480  sq.  ms.  Watered 


BAT 


52 


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by  Clifty  and  Flat  Rock  crs.,  and  Driftwood  er.,  I 
a  large  branch  of  White  r.  The  soil  is  very  fer- 1 
tile  Capital,  Columbus.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  7,32-4,  sheep  7,061,  swine  25,244; 
wheat  37,149  bush,  produced,  rye  2,127,  Ind.  corn 
470  630,  oats  53,277,  potatoes  10,861,  tobacco 
1,454  pounds,  sugar  20,758;  20  stores,  capital 
$42,500 ;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $2,000  ;  4  tanne- 
ries, 4  distilleries,  2  flouring  m.,  10  grist  m.,  11 
saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $49,495.  28  sch.  943  scholars. 
Pop.  10,042.  ■ 

Bartholomew,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  Ark.    It  has 

1  grist  m.     Pop.  148. 

Bartholomew,  p-o.,  Chicot  co.,  Ark.,  lib  s. 
E.  Little  Rock,  1,154  W. 

Bartlett,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.,  has  9  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,200.    Pop.  259. 

Bartlett,  p-t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H.,  80  n.  n.  e. 
Concord,  566  W.  It  lies  at  the  foot  of  the  White 
mountains,  on  the  E.  side.  The  soil  is  various, 
some  of  it  rough ;  and  on  the  Saco  r.,  which 
flows  through  it,  is  some  good  land.  Incorpora- 
ted in  1790.  It  contains  1  store,  cap.  $4,000  ;  3 
grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,500. 
4  sch.  258  scholars.    Pop.  706. 

Bartlett,  p-o.,  Wesley  t.,  Washington  co., 
O.,  90  e.  Columbus,  319  W. 

Barton,  p-t.,  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  42  n.  e.  Mont- 

Eelier,  558  W.  It  is  watered  by  Barton  r.  and  its 
ranches,  issuing  from  several  ponds,  and  afford- 
ing a  good  water  power.  The  soil  is  good.  Or- 
ganized in  1798.  Barton  r.  runs  n.  into  Lake 
Memphremagog.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $5,000 ;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m., 

2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,900.  6  sch.  135 
scholars.    Pop.  892. 

Barton,  p-t.,  Tioga  co.,  N.  Y.,  174  s.  w.  Al- 
bany, 269  W.  Surface  hilly,  and  soil  sterile,  ex- 
cept in  the  valleys.  It  has  the  Susquehanna  r. 
on  the  s.  e.,  and  the  Chemung  r.  on  the  s.  w., 
which  unite  a  few  miles  below,  in  Pa.  Cayuga 
cr.  runs  on  its  w.  boundary.  The  village  has  1 
Methodist  church,  3  stores,  and  15  or  20  dwel- 
lings. In  the  t.  are  7  stores,  cap.  $28,700;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  4  grist  m., 
28  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $22,823.  847 
scholars  in  sch.     Pop.  2,324. 

Barton's,  p-o.,  Lauderdale  co.,  Ala.,  150  n.  by 
w.  Tuscaloosa,  795  W. 

Barton's  Creek,  p-o.,  Dickson  co.,  Tenn. 
Bartonsville,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  121  n. 
E.  Harrisburg,  214  W. 
*►       Bascobel,  p-v.,  Jackson  co.,  Ga.,  83  n.  by  w. 
Milledgeville,  618  W. 

Bason  Harbor,  p-v.,  Ferrisburg  t.,  Addison 
co.,  Vt.,  is  an  important  port  on  the  E.  side  of 
Lake  Charaplain,  through  which  a  considerable 
amount  of  the  exports  and  imports  of  this  region 
pass. 

Baskingridge,  p-v.,  Somerset  co.,  N.  J.,  46 
N.  by  E.  Trenton,  216  W.  Beautifully  situated 
in  a  high,  rich,  well  cultivated  and  healthy 
country.  It  has  a  Presbyterian  church,  and  an 
academy,  formerly  very  celebrated.  It  was 
memorable  in  the  revolutionary  war  for  the  cap- 
ture of  Gen.  Lee,  by  the  British. 

Bass  River  Hotel,  p-o.,  Little  Egg  Harbor 
t.,  Burlington  co.,  N.  J.,  63  s.  e.  Trenton,  187  W. 
Bassville,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  Miss.,   11  n. 
Jackson,  999  W. 

Batav.a,  t.,  and  p-v.,  capital  of  Genesee  co., 
N.  Y.  The  surface  of  the  t.  is  level,  and  the 
soil  sandy  and  calcareous  loam,  of  a  good  quality. 
The  Tonawanda  cr.  flows  through  the  t.  It 
has  2  for.  com.  houses,  cap.  $12,000  •  20  ret.  stores, 
cap.  $114,900 ;  1  woollen  fac,  1  furnace,  1  tan- 


nery, 1  brewery,  2  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m,  2  printing"  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $70,875.  3acad.  146  students, 
22  sch.  819  scholars.  Pop.  4,219.  The  p-v.  is 
249  w.  Albany,  374  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  county  clerk's  office,  state  arsenal, 
and  general  land  office  of  the  Holland  Land 
Company.  It  has  5  churches— 1  Presbyterian, 
1  Episcopal,  2  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist — a  flour- 
ishing female  seminary,  2  banking  houses,  30 
stores,  shops,  and  groceries,  1  flouring  m.,  2  fur- 
naces, 1  tannery,  and  3  printing  offices.  The 
Tonawanda  railroad  extends  32  ms.  from  Roches- 
ter, to  this  place,  making  a  part  of  the  great 
western  chain  from  Albany.  Incorporated  1823, 
and  has  300  houses.    Pop.  2,000. 

Batavia,  p-v.,  Batavia  t.,  Clermont  co.,  O., 
103  s.  w.  Columbus,  474  W.  Capital  of  the 
county,  situated  on  the  n.  bank  of  the  e.  fork  of 
Little  Miami  r.  In  the  t.  there  are  7  stores,  cap. 
$19,500  ;  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  2  print- 
ing offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $12,105.    4  sch.  187  scholars.    Pop.  2,187. 

Batavia,  t.,  Geauga  co.,  O.  Drained  by 
branches  of  Cuyahoga  and  Grand  rs.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $4,000  ;  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  4  sch. 
130  scholars.    Pop.  771. 

Batavia,  p-o.,  Kane  co.,  111.,  184  n.  Springfield, 
755  W. 

Batavia,  p-t.,  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  117  s.  w.  De- 
troit, 565  W.  It  has  1  saw  m.,  2  sch.  40  scholars. 
Pop.  400. 

Batavia  Kill,  p-o.,  Westchester  co.,  N.  Y., 
77  s.  Albany,  350  W. 

Bateman's  Store,  p-o.,  Houston  co.,  Ga.,  49 
s.  s.  w.  Milledgeville,  705  W. 

Bates,  county,  Mo.,  on  the  s.  w.  border  of  the 
state,  contains  1,160  sq.  ms.  Drained  by  Osage 
r.  and  branches.  Surface  undulating,  principally 
prairie.  Capital,  Batesville.  Organized  since 
1840. 

Batesville,  p-v.,  Guernsey  co.,  O.,  Ill  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 314  W. 

Batesville,  p-v.,  temporary  capital  Bates  co., 
Mo.,  (formerly  Harmony  Missionary  Station)  on 
the  n.  bank  of  Osage  r. 

Batesville,  p-o.,  Habersham  co.,  Ga.,  163  n. 
by  w.  Milledgeville,  603  W. 

Batesville,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Independence 
co.,  Ark.,  90  n.  n.  e.  Little  Rock,  1,036  W.  It 
contains  a  court  house,  a  U.  S.  land  office,  sev- 
eral stores  and  dwellings. 

Bath,  p-t.,  seaport,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  37  s. 
Augusta,  577  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank  of 
Kennebec  r.,  twelve  miles  from  the  ocean.  Pop. 
1810,  2,491;  1820,  3,026;  1830,  3,773;  1840, 
5,141.  Incorporated  in  1780.  It  is  pleasantly 
situated,  and  has  great  advantages  for  navigation, 
as  the  river  is  here  seldom  frozen  over.  It  is  one 
of  the  principal  commercial  towns  in  Maine. 
Ship  building  is  an  extensive  business  here.  The 
tonnage  of  this  port  in  1840,  amounted  to  61,035. 
It  contains  2  banks,  3  churches — 2  Congregation- 
alist  and  1  Baptist.  Steamboats  regularly  ply 
between  this  place  and  Portland  and  Boston, 
three  fourths  of  the  year.  It  contains  75  stores, 
cap.  $223,300  ;  2  furnaces,  2  tanneries,  4  grist  m., 
15  saw  m.,  (value  of  ships  built  $220,000,)  1  print- 
ing office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $247,500.  5  acad.  170  students,  20  sch.  1,010 
scholars. 

Bath,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  83  n.  w.  Con- 
cord, 528  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  bank  of  Connec- 
ticut r.  Incorporated  in  1761.  The  Ammonoo- 
suck  r.  passes  through  the  t.,  and  affords  an  ex- 
tensive water  power,  and  has  a  bridge  over  it  at 
the  v.  350  feet  long.    The  soil  on  the  hills  is  a 


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53 


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reddish  loam,  on  a  bed  of  marl ;  on  the  rivers,  it 
is  alluvial  and  rich.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $24,000 ; 
3  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $17,810.     500  scholars  in  sch.     Pop.  1,595. 

Bath,  p-t.,  and  capital  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,219 
w.  s.  w.  Albany,  299  W.  The  surface  is  hilly 
and  broken,  but  the  soil  good.  Watered  by  Con- 
hocton  r.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  n.  e.  side  of 
Conhocton  r.,  216  w.  Albany.  Incorporated  in 
1836.  It  has  a  court  house,  jail,  county  clerk's 
office,  1  bank,  5  churches,  2  Presbyterian,  1  Epis- 
copal, 1  Methodist,  and  1  African,  a  female  sem- 
inary, and  200  dwellings.  Pop.  1,400.  There  are 
in  the  t.,  15  stores,  cap.  $43,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  6  tanneries,  2  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m., 
22  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $96,785.  26  sch. 
1,112  scholars.     Pop.  4,915. 

Bath,  v.,  Greenbush  t.,  on  the  e.  side  of  Hud- 
son r.,  opposite  the  n.  part  of  the  city  of  Albany. 
It  has  a  sulphur  mineral  spring,  of  some  celebrity. 
It  contains  1  store,  20  dwellings,  and  125  inhabit- 
ants.   A  ferry  connects  it  with  Albany. 

Bath,  p-v.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  100  n.  e.  Har- 
risburg,  193  W.  It  contains  2  stores,  2  grist  m., 
1  tannery,  and  120  inhabitants. 

Bath,  p-t.,  Summit  co.,  O.,  129  n.  e.  Columbus, 
342  W.    It  has  10  sch.  266  scholars.    Pop.  1,425. 

Bath,  a  central  county  of  Va.  It  is  watered 
by  the  head  branches  of  James,  Cowpasture,  and 
Jackson's  rivers,  has  an  elevated  situation,  and 
contains  756  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  rough,  and 
the  soil  moderately  fertile.  Capital,  Bath.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,707,  sheep  10,598, 
swine  8,099  ;  wheat  32,954  bush,  produced,  rye 
26,689,  Ind.  corn  117,817,  buckwheat  4,486,  oats 
78,668,  potatoes  32,498,  sugar  39,137  pounds;  8 
stores,  cap.  $32,300 ;  3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  8 
flouring  m.,  31  grist  m.,  37  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $39,470.  9  sch.  196  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 
4,008  :  1840,  whites  3,170,  slaves  347,  free  col'd 
83;  total,  4,300. 

Bath,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  Bath  co.,  Va.,  164  w.  N.  w. 
Richmond,  201  W.  Here  is  a  medicinal  spring, 
called  Warm  Spring,  with  a  temperature  of  96°, 
and  another  about  6  ms.  s.  w.,  called  Hot  Spring, 
with  a  temperature  of  112°,  and  at  some  seasons 
sufficiently  hot  to  boil  an  egg.  They  are  useful 
in  rheumatic  and  other  complaints. 

Bath,  county,  n.  e.  part  of  Ky.,  containing  256 
sq.  ms.  It  lies  n.  e.  on  Licking  r.  Capital, 
Owingsville.  Pop.  whites  7,708,  slaves  1,951, 
free  col'd  104 ;  total,  9,763. 

Bath,  p-v.,  Beaufort  co.,  N.  C,  143  e.  by  s. 
Raleigh,  329  W. 

Bath,  p-v.,  Cass  co.,  111.,  48  w.  by  n.  Spring- 
field, 828  W. 

Bath,  t.,  Allen  co.,  O.  4  sch.  91  scholars. 
Pop.  1,382. 

Bath,  t.,  Greene  co.,  O.  Watered  by  Mad  r. 
It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $11,350  ;  3  distilleries,  1  brew- 
ery, 5  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  1  oil  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $39,600.    Pop.  1,721. 

Bath,  v.,  Richmond  co.,  Ga.,  15  s.  w.  Augusta, 
on  the  s.  side  of  Spirit  cr.  It  contains  1  Presby- 
terian church,  1  acad.  and  about  15  houses.  The 
situation  is  elevated  and  healthy,  and  it  is  resort- 
ed to  in  the  sickly  season.  The  soil  is  sandy  and 
the  water  good. 

Bath,  county,  Ky.,  toward  the  n.  e.  part  of  the 
state,  contains  256  sq.  ms.  Licking  r.  runs  on  its 
N.  e.  border.  Capital,  Owingsville.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,440,  sheep  17,237,  swine 
30,674  ;  wheat  71,122  bush,  produced,  rye  22,624, 
Ind.  corn  1,029,797,  oats  79,942,  potatoes  11,781, 
tobacco  20,223  pounds,  sugar  68,430;  11  stores, 
cap.  $38,400 ;  2  furnaces,  1  forge,  4  tanneries,  6 


distilleries,  1  flouring  m.,  10  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $34,090.  22  sch.  562 
scholars.  Pop.  1830,  8,799 ;  1840,  whites  7,708, 
slaves  1,951,  free  col'd  104 ;  total,  9,763. 

Bathes,  (Jefferson,)  v.,  Jefferson  co.,Ga.,near 
Reedy  cr.,  contains  about  20  houses. 

Baton  Rouge,  Chester  dist.,  S.  C,  67  n.  Co- 
lumbia, 462  W. 

Baton  Rouge,  East,  parish,  La.,  on  the  E. 
bank  of  the  Mississippi  r.  It  is  the  first  land  ele- 
vated above  the  overflow,  in  ascending  the  Mis- 
sissippi. The  productions  are  cotton,  and  Indian 
corn,  and  some  sugar.  Capital,  Baton  Rouge. 
There  were  in  1810,  neat  cattle  9,947,  sheep  3,690, 
swine  20,659;  Ind.  corn  180,291  bush,  produced, 
potatoes  23,371,  rice  14,550  pounds,  tobacco 
4,016,183,  sugar  2,466,000;  34  stores,  cap. 
$243,550 ;  3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  printing  office, 
1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $31 ,400. 
1  college  70  students,  5  acad.  196  students,  7  sch. 
168  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  6,698;  1810,  whites 
3,750,  slaves  4,206,  free  col'd  182;  total,  8,138. 

Baton  Rouge,  p-v.,  capital  of  East  Baton 
Rouge  parish,  La.,  on  the  e.  bank  of  the  Missis- 
sippi, 30  above  Donaldsonville,  120  above  N.  Or- 
leans, 150  below  Natchez.  It  is  situated  on  a 
bluff,  or  high  land,  extending  to  the  Mississippi, 
mostly  along  one  street,  at  the  foot  of  the  hill, 
about  25  feet  above  high  water  mark,  which  is  a 
considerable  elevation  for  this  region.  It  has  a 
court  house,  jail,  penitentiary,  4  churches,  1  Pres- 
byterian, 1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Roman 
Catholic,  1  college,  70  students,  3  acad.  166  stu- 
dents, 3  sch.  198  scholars,  3  banks,  27  stores,  1 
printing  office,  and  500  dwellings.  Population, 
2,269. 

Baton  Rouge,  West,  parish  of  La.,  lies  op- 
posite E.  Baton  Rouge,  on  the  w.  side  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi r.  The  surface  is  almost  an  entire  level. 
The  land  on  the  streams,  however,  is  a  little  ele- 
vated above  the  rest,  and  is  the  part,  chiefly, 
which  is  capable  of  cultivation,  and  is  very  pro- 
ductive. Cotton  is  principally  cultivated.  The 
remainder  is  subject  to  be  overflowed.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,513,  sheep  1,773,  swine 
2,835 ;  Ind.  corn  122,971  bush,  produced,  potatoes 
4,149,  cotton  3,180,875  pounds,  sugar  1,947,400; 
5  stores,  cap.  $18,300;  2  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$15,000 ;  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$9,650.  2  acad.  51  students,  4  sch.  42  scholars. 
Pop.  1830,  3,084 ;  1840,  whites  1,371,  slaves  4,638, 
free  col'd  120 ;  total,  4,638. 

Batson's,  p-o.,  Humphreys  co.,  Tenn.,  48  w. 
Nashville,  732  W. 

Battahatchee,  r.,  rises  in  Alabama,  and  after 
a  course  of  70  ms.,  enters  the  Tombigbee,  in  Mon- 
roe co.,  Miss. 

Batten  Kill,  a  small  r.,  rises  in  Vt.,  and, 
after  a  course  of  50  ms.,  enters  the  Hudson  in 
Washington  co.,  N.  Y.,  H  ms.  below  Fort  Miller 
bridge.    It  furnishes  some  good  mill  seats. 

Batten ville,  p-v.,  Greenwich  t.,  Washing- 
ton co.,  N.  Y.,  38  n.  by  e.  Albany,  408  W.  It  has 
1  Dutch  Reformed  church,  2  stores,  1  cotton  fac, 
1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  50  dwellings.    Pop.  350. 

Battleboro',  p-v.,  Edgecombe  co.,  N.  C,  66 
E.  by  n.  Raleigh,  232  W. 

Battle  Creek,  p-v.,  Battle  Creek  t.,  Calhoun 
co.,  Mich.,  12  n.  w.  Marshall,  117  W.Detroit, 582 
W.  Situated  at  the  junction  of  Battle  cr.  and 
Kalamazoo  r.  There  are  in  the  t.  7  stores,  cap. 
$22,000  ;  1  furnace,  1  distillery,  2  flouring  m.,  3 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,200.  1  acad.  20 
students,  5  sch.  180  scholars.    Pop.  993. 

Battle  Creek,  the  most  considerable  branch 
of  Kalamazoo  r.  It  has  a  winding  course  of  40 
ms.,  and  furnishes  good  mill  seats. 


BEA  54 


BEA 


Battle  Creek,  p-o.,  Marion  co.,  Term.,  110 
s.  e.  Nashvillfe,  638  W. 

Battle  Ground,  p-o.,  Tippecanoe  co.,  la.,  77 
N.  w.  Indianapolis,  635  W. 

Bavington,  p  o.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  223  w. 
Harrisburg,  248  W. 

Baughman,  t,  Wayne  co.,  O.  Drained  by 
Newman's  cr.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,500;  1 
tannery,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,250.  4 
sch.  152  scholars.    Pop.  1,741. 

Baumstown,  p-v.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  60  e.  by  n. 
Harrisburg,  153  W. 

Bay,  t.,  Ottawa  co.,  O.,  on  the  w.  side  of  San- 
dusky r.,  on  Mud  cr.  bay.  It  has  1  sch.  26  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  231. 

Bayard,  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,  Ky.,  31  w.  Frank- 
fort, 573  W. 

Bayou  Chicot,  p-v.,  Calcasieu   parish,  La., 
250  w.  N.  w.  N.  Orleans,  1,251  W. 
Bayou  Gould,  p-v.,  Ibberville  parish,  La. 
Bayou  Rouge  Prairie,  p-o.,  Avoyelles  par- 
ish, La.,  w.  by  n.  N.  Orleans. 

Bazetta,  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  5  e.  Warren, 
174  n.  e.  Columbus,  308  W.  It  is  a  fine  farming 
t.,  well  cultivated. 

Beach  Branch,  p-o.,  Beaufort  dist.,  S.C.,  113 
s.  Columbia,  619  W. 

Beach  Grove,  p-o.,  Salem  t,,  Luzerne  co., 
Pa.,  104  n.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  208  W.  Situated 
on  the  Susquehanna  r. 

Beallsville,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  200 
w.  Harrisburg,  216  W.  It  contains  5  stores,  and 
50  or  60  dwellings. 

Bealsville,  p-v.,  Sunbury  t,  Monroe  co.,  O., 
127  e.  s.  e,  Columbus,  293  W.  Situated  on  an 
elevated  spot,  in  the  midst  of  an  improved  coun- 
try. It  has  1  church,  2  stores,  and  about  20  dwel- 
lings.   Pop.  about  100. 

Beamsville,  p-o.,  Dark  co.,  O.,  98  w.  Colum- 
bus, 490  W. 

Bean's  Station,  p-o.,  Grainger  co.,  Tenn.,  225 
E.  by  n.  Nashville,  457  W. 

Bear's,  or  Tiffin's  cr.,  54  ms.  long,  in  a  direct 
line,  enters  the  Maumee  1£  ms.  above  the  Au- 
glaize. 

Bear  Branch,  p-o.,  Duplin  co.,  N.  C. 
Bear  Creek,  p-o.,  Yancey  co.,  N.  C,  239  w. 
by  n.  Raleigh,  465  W. 

Bear  Creek,  one  of  the  branches  of  Tennes- 
see r.,  rises  in  Alabama,  and  enters  the  Tennes- 
see r.,  after  a  course  of  70  ms.  between  the  states 
of  Alabama  and  Mississippi. 

Bear  Creek,  t.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.  It  has  6 
stores,  cap.  $37,000 ;  1  furnace,  2  fulling  ra.,  2 
tanneries,  1  pottery,  1  flouring  m.,  5  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  news- 
paper. Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,515.  1  acad.  35 
students,  7  sch.  184  scholars.     Pop.  1,905. 

Bear  Creek,  p-o.,  Jay  co.,  la.,  106  n.  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 529  W. 
Bear  Creek,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Mo.    Pop. 


445. 

Bear  Creek,  p-o.,  Hamilton  co.,  111.,  166  s.  by 
E.  Springfield,  786  W. 

Beardstown,  p-o.,  Perry  co.,  Tenn.,  79  s.  w. 
Nashville,  763  W: 

Beardstown,  p-v.,  Cass  co.,  111.,  on  the  E.  side 
of  Illinois  r.,  48  w.  by  n.  Springfield,  826  W.  It 
has  13  stores,  a  Methodist  and  an  Episcopal 
church,  2  sch.  73  scholars.    Pop.  336. 

Bearfield,  t.,  Perry  co.,  O.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $500 ;  3  saw  m.,  9  sch.  253  scholars.  Pop. 
1,455.  F 

Bear  Gap,  p-o.,  Northumberland  co.,  Pa.,  76 
N.  Harrisburg,  186  W. 

Bear  Town,  p-o.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  51  s.  e. 
Harrisburg,  129  W. 


Beatie's  Bluff,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  Miss.,  35  n. 
by  e.  Jackson,  1,010  W. 

Beattie's  Ford,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.  C,  154 
w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  391  W. 

Beattie's  Prairie,  p-o.,  Benton  co.,  Ark. 

Beattystown,  p-v.,  Mansfield  t.,  Warren  co., 
N.  J.,  58  n.  Trenton,  219  W.  Situated  on  Mus- 
conetcong  cr.,  at  the  w.  foot  of  Schooley's  moun- 
tain, 2  ms.  from  the  mineral  spring.     It  has  1  store, 

I  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  20  dwellings.  The  land 
around  it  is  excellent. 

Beaucoup,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  HI.,  126  s. 
Springfield,  801  W. 

Beaufort,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the  e. 
part  of  the  state,  on  Pamlico  r.  and  sound.  It  has 
an  area  of  670  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  low,  and 
at  times  extensively  overflowed.  Cotton  and  rice 
are  the  principal  productions.  Capital,  Washing- 
ton. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,191,  sheep 
4,957,  swine  24,717  ;  wheat  6,333  bush,  produced, 
rye  1,195,  Ind.  corn  153,522,  oats  5,055,  potatoes 
90,225,  rice  20,952  lbs.,  cotton  87,180,  tar,  pitch,  &c, 
106,987  bbls. ;  48  stores,  cap.  $16,800 ;  1  tannery, 

II  distilleries,  24  grist  m.,  18  saw  m.,  2  printing 
offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$162,650.  2  sch.  45  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 10,949 ; 
1840,  whites  7,050,  slaves  4,472,  free  col'd  703 ; 
total,  12,225. 

Beaufort,  district,  S.  C,  in  the  s.  extremity  of 
the  state.  It  has  an  area  of  1,830  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  level.  It  is  watered  on  the  n.  e.  by  the 
Combahee  r.,  and  on  the  s.  w.  by  the  Savannah, 
and  the  Coosawhatchie  and  other  streams  pass 
through  it.  The  mouths  of  the  rivers,  and  the  in- 
lets of  the  ocean,  enclose  a  number  of  islands  of 
considerable  size  on  its  coast,  the  principal  of 
which  are  Hilton  Head,  St.  Helena,  and  Port 
Royal.  Capital,  Coosawhatchie.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  41,710,  sheep  13,751,  swine 
28,521 ;  wheat  5,810  bush,  produced,  rye  3,561, 
Ind.  corn  786,570,  oats  40,665,  potatoes  486,753, 
rice  5,629,462  pounds,  cotton  1,544,850;  1,000 
bush,  salt  produced  ;  35  stores,  cap.  $168,000;  1 
lumber  yard,  cap.  $1,000  ;  13  grist  m.,  11  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $44,500.  5  acad.  172  students, 
22  sch.  503  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  37,032 ;  1840, 
whites  5,650,  slaves  29,682,  free  col'd  462 ;  total, 
35,794. 

Beaufort,  p-t.,  port  of  entry  and  capital,  Car- 
teret co.,  N.  C.,  11  n.  w.  Cape  Lookout,  168  s.  e. 
Raleigh,  396  W.  It  has  a  safe  and  spacious  har- 
bor, admitting  vessels  requiring  14  feet  water,  and 
is  a  place  of  considerable  commerce.  It  has  1 
Methodist  church,  1  male  and  female  seminary, 
a  court  house,  jail,  masonic  hall,  11  stores,  120 
dwellings,  and  1,100  inhabitants.  The  tonnage 
of  the  port  in  1840,  was  1,974.  On  Bogue  Point, 
at  the  entrance  of  the  harbor  of  Beaufort,  stands 
Fort  Macon. 

Beaufort,  p-t.,  and  port  of  entry,  Beaufort 
district,  S.  Carolina,  50  n.  e.  Savannah,  75  s.  w. 
Charleston,  146  s.  Columbia,  635  W.  Situated  on 
the  w.  bank  of  Port  Royal  r.,  a  narrow  branch  of 
the  ocean.  The  harbor  is  spacious,  16  ms.  from 
the  sea,  but  a  bar  prevents  the  entrance  of  ves- 
sels drawing  more  than  11  feet  of  water.  It  is 
unhealthy  during  the  autumn.  Its  commerce  is 
not  extensive. 

Beaumont,  p-o.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa. 

Beaumont,  p-o.,  Dane  co.,  Wis.,  25  Madison, 
872  W. 

Beauvais,  p-o.,  St.  Genevieve  co.,  Mo. 

Beaver,  Big,  a  r.  of  Pa.,  is  formed  by  2  main 
branches,  the  Mahoning,  which  rises  in  Ohio,  and 
the  Shenango,  in  Pa.  It  enters  the  Ohio  r.  near 
the  town  of  Beaver,  Pa.  The  main  r.  has  a  course 
of  about  20  ms.,  and  to  its  sources,  of  about  80 


BEA 


55 


BED 


ms.  The  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio  canal,  which 
connects  the  Ohio  r.  at  Beaver,  with  the  Ohio  ca- 
nal at  Akron,  passes  along  the  valley  of  this  r. 

Beaver,  county,  Pa.,in  the  w.  part  of  the  state, 
contains  an  area  of  648  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is 
uneven,  but  the  soil  is  fertile.  Watered  by  the 
Ohio  and  Beaver  rs.  Capital,  Beaver.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  21,028,  sheep  74,176, 
swine  33,355 ;  wheat  326,663  bush,  produced,  rye 
53,141,  Ind.  com  233,735,  buckwheat  75,336,  oats 
515,985,  potatoes  203,137,  sugar  35,718  pounds, 
436,915  bush,  bituminous  coal;  90  stores,  cap. 
$201,870 ;  4  furnaces,  8  fulling  m.,  8  woollen  fac, 
2  cotton  fac.  2,800  sp.,  30  tanneries,  13  distilleries, 
4  breweries,  5  potteries,  12  flouring  ms.,  60  grist 
m.,  73  saw  m.,  3  oil  m.,  2  paper  fac,  3  printing 
offices,  2  weekly  newspapers,  1  periodical.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $724,958.  5  acad.  154  students,  110 
sch.  3,998  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  24,206;  1840, 
29,368. 

Beaver,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  has  2  grist  m.,  3 
saw  m.,  2  sch.  40  scholars.     Pop.  734. 

Beaver,  p-b.,  capital  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
n.  bank  of  Ohio  r.,  at  the  mouth  of  Big  Beaver  r., 
30  ms.  below  Pittsburg,  by  the  course  of  the  r., 
227  n.  by  w.  Harrisburg,  253  W.  It  is  situated 
on  a  plain  3  ms.  in  length  by  1  in  breadth,  and 
contains,  around  a  public  square,  a  court  house, 
jail,  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist  church,  1 
acad.  28  students,  1  sch.  90  scholars.     Pop.  551. 

Beaver,  t.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$7,000  ;  3  furnaces,  3  tanneries,  5  grist  m.,  9  saw 
m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $16,300.  1  sch. 
15  scholars.    Pop.  1,611. 

Beaver,  t.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  has  22  stores,  cap. 
$60,950 ;  2  furnaces,  3  tanneries,  2  breweries,  2 
potteries,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1 
weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $50,761. 
1  sch.  90  scholars.    Pop.  445. 

Beaver,  p-t.,  Pike  co.,  O.,  73  s.  Columbus, 
389  W.  It  is  somewhat  broken  and  hilly,  but 
contains  good  farms.    It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $1,260 ; 

1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  6  sch.  108  scholars.  Pop. 
1,099. 

Beaver,  t.,  Union  co.,  Pa.,  has  5  stores,  cap. 
$14,000 ;  2  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  4  distilleries, 

2  potteries,  6  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.     Pop.  2,609. 
Beaver,  t.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.    It  is  a  rich 

agricultural  t.,  situated  on  the  s.  line  of  the  co.  5 
sch.  103  scholars.    Pop.  1,973. 

Beaver,  t.,  Guernsey  co.,  O.  It  is  a  wealthy 
township.    Pop.  1,842. 

Beaver,  t.,  Boone  co.,  111.,  has  3  sch.  37  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  236. 

Beaver  Brook,  p-o.,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  Y.,  132 
s.  s.  w.  Albany,  292  W. 

Beaver  Creek,  t.,  Green  co.,  O.,  on  the  Little 
Miami.  2  stores,  cap.  $3,000 ;  1  woollen  fac,  2 
distilleries,  3  flouring  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $37,400.    Pop.  1,767. 

Beaver  Creek,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Md., 
103  n.  w.  Annapolis,  71  W. 

Beaver  Creek,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,  O.,  139  n.  w. 
Columbus,  484  W. 

Beaver  Creek,  p-o.,  Surry  co.,  N.  C,  155  w. 
N.  w.Raleigh,  343  W. 

Beaver  Creek,  p-o.,  Anderson  co.,  Ky.,  27  s. 
w.  Frankfort,  569  W. 

Beaver  Creek,  p-o.,  Bond  co.,  111.,  84  s. 
Springfield,  768  W. 

Beaver  Dam.  p-o.,  Ann  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  18 
Annapolis,  35  W. 

Beaver  Dam,  p-o.,  Goochland  co.,  Va.,  24  w 
Richmond,  136  W. 

Beaver  Dam,  p-o.,  Anson  co.,  N.C.,  161s.  w 
Raleigh,  430  W. 

Beaver  Dam,  t,  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  has  7  saw  m 


Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,700.  10  sch.  400  scholars. 
Pop.  1,081. 

Beaver  Dam,  p-o.,  Union  dist,  S.  C,  58  N.  N. 
w.  Columbia,  476  W. 

Beaver  Dam,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  Ala.,  172  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  770  W. 

Beaver  Dam  Depot,  p-o.,  Hanover  co.,  Va., 
36  n.  Richmond,  105  W. 

Beaver  Dam  Forks,  p-o.t  Tipton  co.,  Tenn., 
176  w.  s.  w.  Nashville,  879  W. 

Beaver  Islands,  a  group  of  5  or  6  in  number, 
in  Lake  Michigan.  The  largest,  Big  Beaver,  con- 
tains 40  sq.  ms. 

Beaver  Kill,  p-o.,  Rockland  t.,  Sullivan  co., 
N.  Y.,  97  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  326  W. 

Beaver  Meadow,  p-o.,  Lausanne  t.,  Northamp- 
ton co.,  Pa.,  102  n.  E.  Harrisburg,  210  W.  This 
place  furnishes  excellent  antliracite  coal. 

Beaver  Ridge,  p-o.,  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  176  e. 
by  s.  Nashville,  521  W. 

Beaver  Town,  p-v.,  Union  co.,  Pa.,  83  n.  by 
w.  Harrisburg,  174  W. 

Beaver  Valley,  p-o.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  92 
N.  by  E.  Harrisburg,  202  W. 

Beccaria,  t.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  309. 

Beckarnsville,  p-o.,  Chester  dist.,  S.  C,  52 
n.  by  w.  Columbia,  455  W. 

Becket,  p-t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Ms.,  118  w.  Bos- 
ton, 377  W.  It  is  on  high  land,  in  the  Green 
mountain  range,  suited  to  grazing.  Incorporated, 
1765.  Several  ponds  in  the  t.  have  outlets,  which 
flow  into  the  Housatonic,  Westfield,  and  Farm- 
ington  rs.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $6,000 ;  1  fulling 
m.,  2  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$1,712.    9  sch.  335  scholars.    Pop.  1,3-12. 

Beckley,  p-o.,  Fayette  co.,  Va.,  288  w.  by  n. 
Richmond,  325  W. 

Beddington,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  has  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  2,445.  Lumber  pro- 
duced, $8,177.    2  sch.  40  scholars.    Pop.  164. 

Beddington,  p-o.,  Berkley  co.,  Va.,  175  n.  by 
w.  Richmond,  83  W. 

Bedford,  county,  Pa.,  in  the  s.  part  of  the  state, 
contains  1,612  sq.  ms.  It  is  a  mountainous  re- 
gion, with  fertile  valleys.  Watered  by  the  branch- 
es of  the  Juniata  and  Potomac  rs.  It  exports  grain, 
live  stock,  and  salted  provisions.  It  also  yields 
iron,  and  bituminous  coal.  Capital,  Bedford. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  53,213,  sheep 
82,055,  swine  95,716 ;  wheat  347,704  bush,  produ- 
ced, rye  295,051,  Ind.  corn  329,956,  buckwheat 
52,851,  oats  591,371,  potatoes  284,222 ;  40  stores, 
cap.  $120,900;  9  furnaces,  11  fulling  m.,  1  wool- 
len fac,  22  tanneries,  9  distilleries,  1  powder  in., 
12  potteries,  19  flouring  m.,  12  grist  m.,  43  saw  m., 
2  printing  offices.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $192,039.  3 
acad.  99  students,  40  sch.  1,320  scholars.  Pop. 
1820,  20,248;  1830,  25,536  ;  1840,  29,335. 

Bedford,  county,  Va.,  in  the  s.  part  of  the 
state,  contains  600  sq.  ms.  It  occupies  a  high  po- 
sition on  the  e.  of  the  Alleghany  mountain  range, 
having  the  peaks  of  Otter  on  the  n.  w.  and  James 
r.  on  the  n.  e.  It  is  drained  by  Staunton  river, 
Goo3e  cr.  and  Otter  cr.,  head  branches  of  Roan- 
oke r.  The  soil  is  very  fertile,  producing  tobacco, 
Ind.  corn,  oats,  &c,  abundantly.  Capital,  Lib- 
erty. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  16,200, 
sheep  14,793,  swine  30,520;  wheat  206,064  bush, 
produced,  rye  7,358,  Ind.  corn  536,832,  oats  285, 172, 
potatoes  22,364,  hemp  and  flax  498  tons,  tobacco 
3,442,433  pounds,  cotton  3,498;  9  stores,  cap. 
$69,800 ;  6  tanneries,  13  distilleries,  4  flouring  m., 
20  grist  m.,  24  saw  m.  Cap  in  manufac.  $10,550. 
1  academy,  30  students,  8  schools,  167  scholars. 
Pop.  1830,  20,253;  1840,  whites  11,016,  slaves 
8,864,  free  col'd  323;  total,  20,203. 

Bedford,  county,  Term.,  in  the  central  part  of 


BED 


56 


BEL 


the  state,  contains  600  sq.  ms.  Drained  by  Duck 
r  and  branches.  Surface  undulating,  soil  fertile. 
Capital,  Shelbyville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  18,920,  sheep  20,953,  swine  84,685;  wheat 
94  631  bush,  produced,  rye  5,754,  Ind.  corn 
1,248,965,  oats  153,513,  potatoes  9,837,  tobacco 
171,339  pounds,  cotton  174,733;  24  stores,  cap. 
$184,550;  10  tanneries,  64  distilleries,  2  rope  fac, 
7  flouring  m.,  25  grist  m.,  20  saw  m.,  2  printing 
offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$87,865.  4  acad.  215  students,  34  sch.  1,398  scho- 
lars. Pop.  1830,  30,396;  1840,  whites  16,192, 
slaves  4,295,  free  col'd  59;  total,  20,546. 

Bedford,  p-t.,  Hillsboro'  co.,  N.  H.,  21  s.  by  e. 
Concord,  460  W.  Watered  by  the  Merrimac  and 
Piscataquoag  rs.  Incorporated,  1750.  The  t.  has 
some  rich  land  on  its  streams.  Its  mineral  produc- 
tions are  very  various,  and  some  iron  ore  is  found. 
A  considerable  brook  falls  200  feet  in  100  yds.,  and 
is  a  curiosity.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  7,500 ;  2  tan- 
neries, 5  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$22,152.    13  sch.  541  scholars.    Pop.  1,555. 

Bedford,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Ms.,  15  n.  w. 
Boston,  455  W.  Shawsheen  r.  rises  here,  and 
furnishes  mill  seats.  Incorporated  in  1729,  as  a 
part  of  Concord  and  Billerica.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $5,500 ;  5  forges,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $14,700.  5  sch.  297  scholars.  Pop.  929. 
Bedford,  p-v.,  and  capital,  with  White  Plains, 
of  Westchester  co.,  N.  Y.,  125  s.  Albany,  270  W. 
In  the  v.  are  a  court  house,  2  churches,  a  female 
seminary,  3  stores,  and  40  dwellings.  Pop.  250. 
In  the  t.  are  7  stores,  cap.  $21,000 ;  2  fulling  m., 
7  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $27,230. 
3  acad.  80  students,  17  sch.  788  scholars.  Pop. 
2,822. 

Bedford,  p-t.,  Cuyahoga  co.,  O.,  12  s.  e.  Cleve- 
land, 149  n.  w.  Columbus,  347  W.  Situated  on 
Tinkers  cr.  The  chief  article  of  export  is  lumber. 
It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $7,200  ;  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist 
m.,  6  saw  m.,  10  sch.  469  scholars.    Pop.  1,244. 

Bedford,  p-t.,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  124  w.  De- 
troit, 589  W.  On  the  Kalamazoo  r.  It  has  2  saw 
m.,  2  sch.  44  scholars.    Pop.  220. 

Bedford,  p-b.,  Bedford  t.,  capital  of  Bedford 
co.,  Pa.,  200  w.  Philadelphia,  103  s.  w.  by  w. 
Harrisburg,  129  W.  It  was  organized  in  1771. 
It  stands  on  the  site  of  an  old  fort,  and  has  a 
pleasant  situation,  on  a  rise  of  land,  in  the  midst 
of  a  mountain  valley.  It  is  celebrated  for  its 
mineral  springs,  which  contain  carbonic  acid, 
magnesia,  sulphate  of  lime,  muriate  of  soda,  car- 
bonate of  iron,  lime,  &c,  useful  in  chronic  dis 
eases,  and  possess  laxative  and  sudorific  powers. 
They  are  much  resorted  to,  and  respectable  ac- 
commodations are  provided  for  visiters.  It  has 
3  sch.  21  scholars.    Pop.  1,022. 

Bedford,  t.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.  Watered  by 
Roystown  branch  of  Juniata  r.,  and  several  crs. 
Bedford  springs  are  a  celebrated  watering  place. 
It  has  1  store,  cap.  $4,000  ;  .1  fulling  m.,  1  tanne- 
ry, 1  distillery,  1  pottery,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $7,150.  1  acad.  40  students,  2  sch.  50  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  1,721. 

Bedford,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Trimble  co.,  Ky., 
41  s.  w.  by  w.  Frankfort,  572  W.  It  has  a  court 
house,  academy,  and  Methodist  church.  Pop. 
148.  One  mile  from  the  village  is  a  mineral 
spring,  charged  with  Epsom  salts  and  sulphur, 
and  respectable  accommodations  are  provided  for 
visiters,  who  are  numerous. 

Bedford,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Lawrence  co., 
la.,  71  s.  w.  Indianapolis,  621 W.  Situated  3  ms! 
n.  of  the  e.  fork  of  White  river.  It  has  a  court 
house  and  several  dwellings. 

Bedford,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  111.,  103  n.  w. 
Springfield,  860  W 


Bedford,  p-o.,  Assumption  par.,  La.,  98  w.  N. 
Orleans,  1,270  W. 

Bedford,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1  store, 
1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  2  sch.  67  scholars.  Pop. 
499. 

Bedford,  t.,  Coshocton  co.,  O.,  60  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus. It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $2,000 ;  1  saw  m. 
Pop.  1,141. 

Bedford,  t.,  Meigs  co.,  O.  Watered  by  Shade 
r.  Soil,  indifferent.   8  sch.  158  scholars.  Pop.  567. 

Bedminster,  t.,  Somerset  co.,  N.  J.,  8  n.  w. 
Somerville.  Surface  hilly  ;  soil  lime,  clay,  and 
red  shale,  well  cultivated  and  fertile.  It  has  1 
Dutch  Reformed  church,  6  stores,  cap.  $21,000  ; 
5  saw  m.,  6  grist  m.,  2  tanneries,  2  distilleries, 
9  schools,  254  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  1,453 ;  1840, 
1,589. 

Bedminster,  t.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.  It  has  the  To- 
hicton  cr.  on  the  northern  boundary,  and  contains 
3  stores,  cap.  $9,500 ;  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  4 
saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,500.    Pop.  1,640. 

Beech  Bluff,  p-o.,  Marion  co.,  111.,  166  s.  by 
e.  Springfield,  772  W. 

Beech  Grove,  p-o.,  Marshall  co.,  Ala.,  127  n. 
e.  Tuscaloosa,  711 W. 

Beech  Grove,  p-o.,  Coffee  co.,  Term.,  55  s.  e. 
Nashville,  665  W. 

Beech  Grove,  p-o.,  Rush  co.,  la.,  33  s.  E.  In- 
dianapolis, 545  W. 

Beech  Hill,  p-o.,  Livingston  par.,  La.,  87  n. 
w.  N.  Orleans,  1,174  W. 

Beech  Park,  p-o.,  Gallatin  co.,  Ky.,  44  n. 
Frankfort,  542  W. 

Beech  River,  p-o.,  Perry  co.,  Tenn.,  103  w. 
s.  w.  Nashville,  787  W. 

Beechy  Mire,  p-o.,  Preble  co.,  O.,  107  w.  by 
s.  Columbus,  500  W. 

Bee  Creek  Mills,  p-o.,  Platte  co.,  Mo. 

Beekman,  p-t.,  Dutchess  co.,  N.  Y.,  14  s.  e. 
Poughkeepsie,  87  s.  Albany,  307  W.  Surface 
hilly ;  soil,  rich  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  Fish- 
kill  r.  and  its  branches.  It  has  1  Presbyterian 
and  1  Methodist  church,  and  1  Friends'  meeting 
house.  Great  Pond  covers  300  acres,  and  flows 
into  Fishkill  r.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $23,000 ;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  furnace,  1  tannery,  3  flouring  m.,  3 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $32,600.  1 
sch.  52  scholars.     Pop.  1,400. 

Beekman's  Mills,  p-o.,  Somerset  co.,  N.  J., 
26  n.  by  e.  Trenton,  196  W. 

Beekmantown,  p-t.,  Clinton  co.,  N.  Y.,  8  n. 
Plattsburg,  169  n.  Albany,  544  W.  It  extends  37 
ms.  across  the  co.  Chazy  and  Chateaugay  lakes, 
from  which  flow  streams  constituting  the  head 
waters  of  rivers  of  the  same  name,  lie  in  the  w. 
part  of  the  t.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $2,000 ;  1  ful- 
ling m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  furnace,  4  tanneries,  4 
grist  m.,  14  saw  m.      Cap.  in  manufac.  $41,350. 

11  sch.  320  scholars.     Pop.  2,769. 
Beelersville,  v.,  Carroll  county,  Ark.,  near 

Crooked  cr.  5  ms.  s.  are  White  Sulphur  Springs, 
valued  for  their  medicinal  properties. 

Beeler's  Station,  p-o.,  Marshall  co.,  Va., 

12  Wheeling,  351  n.  w.  by  w.  Richmond,  256  W. 
Beemerville,  p-o.,  Sussex  county,  N.  J.,  84 

n.  Trenton,  253  W. 

Beeson's  Store,  p-o.,  Highland  co.,  O.,  69  s. 
w.  Columbus,  442  W. 

Belair,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Harford  co.,  Md., 
22  Baltimore,  53  n.  by  e.  Annapolis,  63  W.  It  has 
a  court  house,  jail,  and  Methodist  church,  an 
academy  and  a  female  seminary,  and  150  in- 
habitants. 

Belair,  p-v.,  Lancaster  dist.,  S.  C,  90  n.  by 
e.  Columbia,  416  W. 

Belair,  p-o.,  Richmond  co.,  Ga.,  85  e.  by  n. 
MUledgeville,  586  W. 


BEL 


57 


BEL 


Belchertown,  p-t.,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  11 
E.  Northampton,  78  w.  Boston,  382  W.  Incor- 
porated 1761.  It  has  a  good  soil,  and  is  well  cul- 
tivated. The  v.  contains  3  churches — 2  Congre 
gational,  and  1  Baptist — 40  dwellings,  and  several 
stores.  There  are  in  the  t.  5  stores,  cap.  $11,000; 
5  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufec.  $36,700.  1 
acad.  41  students,  17  sch.  763  scholars.  Pop. 
2,554. 

Belew's  Creek,  p-o.,  Stokes  co.,  N.  C,  102 
N.  w.  Raleigh,  305  W. 

Belfast,  p-t.,  seaport,  port  of  entry,  and 
capital  of  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  43  e.  Augusta,  637  W. 
It  is  beautifully  situated  at  the  head  of  Belfast 
Bay,  on  the  w.  side  of  Penobscot  river,  30  miles 
from  the  ocean.  Incorporated  in  1773.  A  small 
river  passes  near  the  centre  of  the  town,  over 
which  is  an  extensive  bridge.  It  has  a  spacious 
and  safe  harbor,  rarely  obstructed  by  ice,  and 
sufficiently  deep  for  vessels  of  the  largest  class. 
It  is  extensively  engaged  in  foreign  and  coasting 
trade,  in  the  fisheries  and  in  ship  building.  Its 
principal  exports  are  lumber  and  fish.  Its  ton- 
nage in  1840,  was  38,218.  As  the  river  above  it 
freezes,  Belfast  forms  the  principal  mart  of  the 
winter  trade  of  Penobscot  r.  It  has  42  stores,  cap. 
$110,000;  2  fulling  m.,  4  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  5 
saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  and  1  weekly  news- 
paper. Cap.  in  manufac.  $32,300.  1  academy,  40 
students,  21  schools,  1,217  scholars.  Pop.  1810, 
1,259;  1820,2,026;  1830,3,077;  1840,4,186. 

Belfast,  t.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $S00 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $2,915.    Pop.  720. 

Belfast,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y.,  268  w. 
Albany,  341  W.  The  surface  is  rolling;  soil, 
sandy  loam.  Watered  by  Genesee  river  and  its 
tributaries.  The  Genesee  Valley  canal  here 
leaves  the  river,  and  passes  in  a  s.  w.  direction 
up  the  valley  of  Black  cr.  It  has  6  stores,  cap. 
$6,450 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  ropewalk,  2  grist 
m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,850.  2  sch. 
144  scholars.    Pop.  1,646. 

Belfast,  p-o.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  112  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  205  W. 

Belfast,  p-o.,  Clermont  co.,  O.,  105  e.  Colum- 
bus, 476  W. 

Belfast,  p-o.,  Marshall  co.,  Tenn.,  61  s.  Nash- 
ville, 703  W. 

Belford,  p-v.,  Nashville  county,  N.  C,  51  e. 
Raleigh,  247  W. 

Belfort,  p-o.,  Crogan  t.,  Lewis  co.,  N.  Y.,  150 
N.  w.  Albany,  449  W. 

Belgrade,  p-t.,  Kennebec  county,  Me.,  11  N. 
Augusta,  606  W.  On  the  borders  of  this  t.  are 
3  large  and  beautiful  ponds  or  lakes,  connected 
together,  the  outlet  of  which  enters  the  Kenne- 
bec at  Waterville.  Incorporated  17%.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $6,000 ;  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,000.  1  acad.  20  stu- 
dents, 19  sch.  845  scholars.    Pop.  1,748. 

Belgrade  Mills,  p-v.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me., 
17  n.  Augusta,  610  W.,  is  a  flourishing  village  in 
Belgrade  t. 

Belham,  p-o.,  Goochland  co.,  Va.,  35  w.  by  n. 
Richmond,  125  W. 

Belknap,  county,  N.  H.,  in  the  s.  E.  part  of 
the  state,  contains  8  townships..  It  has  Winnipis- 
seogee  Lake,  on  its  n.  e.  border,  and  Squam  Lake 
on  its  n.  boundary.  Pemigewasset  river  runs 
on  its  w.  boundary.  Capital,  Ossipee.  Organized 
since  the  census  of  1840.  (Taken  from  Strafford 
county.) 

Bell,  t.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  301. 

Bell  Air,  p-o.,  Belmont  co.,  Ohio. 

Bell  Air,  depot,  10  w.  Augusta,  on  the  Georgia 
railroad. 

8 


Bell  Brook,  p-o.,  Greene  co., 


.  O.  70  s.  w. 
Columbus,  463 

Bellefontaine,  p-v.,  Lake  t.,  and  capital  of 
Logan  co.,  O.,  18  n.  Urbanna,  69  n.  w.  Colum- 
bus, 456  W.  Incorporated  in  1890.  It  has  a 
court  house,  jail,  2  brick  churches,  1  Presbyterian 
and  1  Methodist;  5  stores,  3  tanneries,  1  pot- 
tery, 1  printing  office,  which  issues  a  weekly 
newspaper,  and  over  50  dwellings. 

Bellefontaine,  v.,  St.  Louis  county,  Mo.,  on 
the  s.  bank  of  Missouri  r.,  near  its  junction  with 
the  Mississippi. 

Bellefontaine,  p-o.,  Choctaw  county,  Miss., 
120  n.  n.  e.  Jackson,  935  W. 

Bellefonte,  p-b.,  and  capital  of  Centre  co., 
Pa.,  85  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  117  W.  Situated  on 
Spring  cr.,  a  branch  of  Bald  Eagle  r.  It  is  the 
centre  of  an  extensive  iron  trade.  Bald  Eagle 
and  Spring  Creek  canal  connects  it  with  West 
Branch  canal.  It  contains  4  churches,  1  Presby- 
terian, 1  Methodist,  1  Roman  Catholic,  1  Mora- 
vian, an  academy,  and  130  dwellings ;  8  stores, 
cap.  $29,250;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fee.,  2  tan- 
neries, 1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$16,900.  1  acad.  25  students,  4  sch.  120  scholars. 
Pop.  1830,  698;  1840,  1,032. 

Bellefonte,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala., 
166  n.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  667  W.  On  Paint  Rock  r. 
2  ms.  w.  of  Tennessee  r.  It  has  2  churches,  1 
Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist,  2  academies,  12 
stores,  50  dwellings,  and  400  inhabitants. 

Bellefonte,  p-o.,  Pulaski  co.,  Mo.,  81  s. 
Jefferson  city,  996  W. 

Bellehaven,  p-o.,  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  175  e. 
by  n.  Richmond,  215  W. 

Belle  Isle,  p-v.,  Camillus  t.,  Onondaga  co., 
N.  Y.,  137  w.  by  n.  Albany,  354  W.  It  has  1 
store  and  about  20  dwellings. 

Bellemonte,  p-v.,  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  195  s. 
w.  Nashville,  884  W.  It  has  1  store  and  about 
75  inhabitants. 

Bellepoint,  p-o.,  Delaware  co.,  O.,  32  n.  Co- 
lumbus, 416  W. 

Bellerica,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  1,227. 

Belle  River,  p-o.,  St.  Clair  co.,  Mick,  55  n. 
by  e.  Detroit,  579  W. 

Belle,  r.,  a  small  river  of  Lapeer  and  St.  Clair 
cos.,  Mich.,  after  a  course  of  over  50  miles,  enters 
St.  Clair  r.  Navigable  for  batteaux,  a  short  dis- 
tance from  its  mouth. 

Bellevernon,  p-o.,  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  197  w. 
s.  w.  Harrisburg,  219  W. 

Belleview,  p-o.,  Talbot  co.,  Ga.,  97  w.  s.  w. 
Milledgeville,  719  W. 

Belleview,  p-o.,  Christian  co.,  Ky.,  214  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  741  W. 

Belleview,  p-v.,  Calhoun  co.,  HI.,  85  s.  w. 
Springfield,  859  W.  Situated  on  a  beautiful  prai- 
rie, 6  miles  long,  and  three  fourths  of  a  mile  wide. 
It  contains  1  sen.  21  scholars.    Pop.  173. 

Belleview,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  1,227. 

Belleview,  p-o.,  Lauderdale  co.,Ala.,  124  n. 
Tuscaloosa,  763  W. 

Belleville,  p-v.,  Ellisburgh  t.,  Jefferson  co., 
N.  Y.,  173  Albany,  403  W.  It  has  a  church,  an 
academy,  4  stores,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  clo- 
thier's works,  and  50  dwellings.    Pop.  about  300. 

Belleville,  p-v.,  Belleville  t.,  Essex  co.,  N. 
J.,  31  n.  E.  Newark,  69  n.  e.  Trenton,  234  W. 
It  is  beautifully  situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Passaic  r. 
It  extends  3  ms.  along  the  river,  and  has  1  Dutch 
Reformed,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Episcopal  church, 
a  boarding  school  and  200  dwellings.  It  has 
fine  mill  streams,  and  various  mills  and  manufac- 
tories. The  t.  has  12  stores,  cap.  $22,250 ;  4  fulling 
m.,  2  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fee,  1,000  sp.,  1  dyeing 
and  printing  estab.,  1  paper  fee,  2  flouring  ra.t  1 


BEL 


58 


BEL 


grist  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $179,450.    7  schools, 
316  scholars.    Pop.  2,466 

Belleville,  p-o.,  Mifflin  co.,  Pa.,  70  n  w. 
Hnrrisburg,162W. 

Belleville,  p-o.,  Wood  county,  Va.,  3ol  N.  w. 
Richmond,  319  W. 

Belleville,  p-v.,  Richland  co.,  O.,  68  n.  n.  e. 
Columbus,  387  W. 

Belleville,  p-o.,  Hendricks  co.,  la.,  20  w. 
Indianapolis,  591  W. 

Belleville,  p-v.,  capital  of  St.  Clair  co.,  111., 
13  e.  s.  e.  St.  Louis,  100  s.  by  w.  Springfield, 
809  W.  It  is  a  neat  flourishing  village,  on  high 
ground.  It  has  a  handsome  brick  court  house, 
brick  jail,  a  clerk's  office,  a  hall  of  a  library 
company,  3  churches— 1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist, 
and  1  Methodist,  and  two  select  schools.  It  has 
2  large  steam  flouring  mills,  and  numerous  man- 
ufacturing establishments.     Pop.  about  700. 

Belleville,  v.,  capital  of  Desha  co.,  Ark., 
situated  on  the  s.  side  of  the  Arkansas  r.  It  con- 
tains a  store  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Belleville,  p-v.,  Conecuh  co.,  Ala.,  154  s.  by 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  935  W. 

Belleville,  p-o.,  Roane  co.,Tenn.,  131  e.  by 
s.  Nashville,  550  W. 

Belleville  Port,  p-o.,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  40 
N.  by  e.  Boston,  476  W. 

Bellevue,  p-v.,  Huron  co.,  O.,  96  n.  by  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 405  W. 

Bellevue,  p-t.,  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  16  Marshall, 
119  w.  N.  w.  Detroit,  584  W.  It  is  a  good  farm- 
ing town,  and  has  3  stores,  cap.  $6,500 ;  2  lum- 
ber yards,  capital  $1,000;'  1  grist,  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,000.  Pop.  529.  The  vil- 
lage lies  on  Battle  creek,  at  the  rapids,  at  the 
head  of  boat  navigation.  Lime  is  extensively 
produced  and  exported.     Pop.  about  529. 

Bellingham,  p-t.,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  36  s.  w. 
Boston,  419  W.  The  soil  is  sandy,  and  not  very 
fertile.  It  is  watered  by  Charles  r.,  which  affords 
good  water  power,  and  its  manufactures  are 
considerable.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $5,300 ;  3  cotton 
fee.  2,700  sp.,  3  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $24,550.    9  sch.  284  scholars.     Pop.  1,055. 

Bellona  Arsenal,  p-v.,  Chesterfield  co.,  Va., 
on  James  r.,  12  miles  above  Richmond,  129  W. 

Bellows'  Falls,  p-v.,  Rockingham  t.,  Wind- 
ham co.,  Vt.,  98  s.  by  e.  Montpelier,  445  W.  It  is  a 
pleasant  village,  in  a  romantic  situation.  The 
falls  in  the  Connecticut  here,  are  a  curiosity.  In 
the  midst  of  the  channel  worn  in  the  rocks,  a  huge 
rock  remains,  on  each  side  of  which  is  a  passage 
for  the  water.  As  the  e.  side,  however,  is  more 
elevated  than  the  w.  side,  the  water,  excepting 
when  the  river  is  high,  passes  wholly  on  the  w. 
side.  The  river  above,  which  is  about  350  feet 
wide,  is  here  compressed  into  a  channel  16  feet 
wide,  and  descends  by  successive  pitches,  44  feet 
in  the  course  of  half  a  mile.  A  canal  has  been  cut 
in  the  rock,  around  these  falls,  three  quarters  of 
a  mile  long,  with  9  locks  on  the  w.  side,  through 
which  boats  and  small  steamboats  pass.  A 
bridge  passes  over  the  river  here,  supported  in 
the  middle  by  the  rock,  built  in  1785,  365  feet 
long,  the  view  from  which  is  wildly  picturesque, 
Bell  Plain,  p-o.,  Marshall  county,  111.,  97  n 
Springfield,  780  W. 

Belleport,p-v.,  Brookhavent,  Suffolk  co.,  N. 

Y.,209s.  s.  E  Albany,  289  W.  It  is  situated  near 

Fireplace  Bay,  L.  I.,  and  has  15  or  20  dwellings. 

Bell's  Landing,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Ala.,  117 

8.  Tuscaloosa,  909  W.     Situated  on  Alabama  r. 

Bell's  Store,  p-o.,  Fairfield  (list.,  S.  C,  37 
N.  Columbus,  491  W. 

Bell's  Valley,  p-o.,  Rockbridge  county,  Va., 
163  w.  by  n.  Richmond,  205  W. 


Belmont  county,  Ohio,  in  the  e.  part  of  the 
state,  on  the  Ohio  r.,  contains  536  sq.  ms.  The 
land  is  hilly  and  broken,  but  much  of  it  is  good. 
Watered  by  Indian,  Wheeling,  and  Captina  crs. 
The  Ohio  washes  its  whole  e.  border.  The 
land  is  elevated,  and  from  its  higher  portions  an 
extensive  and  beautiful  prospect  is  presented, 
particularly  towards  the  E.  Capital  St.  Clairs- 
ville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  20,070, 
sheep  45,692,  swine  41,032;  wheat  479,692 
bushels  produced,  rye  6,950,  Indian  corn  528,934, 
buckwheat  45,735,  barley  9,373,  oats  416,397, 
potatoes  76,045,  hops  31,487  pounds,  tobacco 
1,720,892,  sugar  38,186 ;  188,600  bushels  bitumi- 
nous coal ;  2  commission  houses  in  foreign  trade, 
cap.  $3,000 ;  196  stores,  cap.  $139,895 ;  1  fulling  m., 
3  woollen  fee,  19  tanneries,  15  distilleries,  1  pot- 
tery, 31  flouring  m.,  29  grist  m.,  50  saw  m.,  1 
paper  fee,  1  printing  office,  2  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manuf.  $212,339.  3  acad.  56  students,  56 
sch.  l,984schol.   Pop.  1830,28,412;  1840,30,901. 

Belmont,  p-t.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  37  e.  by  n. 
Augusta,  631  W.    It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $1,800; 

I  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,240. 

II  sch.  632  scholars.    Pop.  1,378. 
Belmont,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  e.  Malone, 

202  n.  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  moun- 
tainous, and  the  soil  clay  and  sandy  loam.  Wa- 
tered by  Chateaugay  and  Trout  rivers.  It  has  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures,  $1,500.  5  sch.  121 
scholars.    Pop.  472. 

Belmont,  p-v.,  Goshen  t.,  Belmont  co.,  Ohio, 
109  e.  Columbus,  17  w.  Wheeling,  292  W. 

Belmont,  p-o.,  Loudon  co.,  Va.,  148  n.  Rich- 
mond, 29  W. 

Belmont,  p-o.,  Newberry  dist.,  S.  C,  51  n. 
w.  Columbia,  515  W. 

Belmont,  p-v.,  Panola  co.,  Miss.,  169  n.  Jack- 
son, 937  W. 

Belmont,  p-o.,  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  72  s.  w.  Tus- 
caloosa, 884  W. 

Belmont,  p-o.,  Pike  county,  111.,  69  w.  by  s 
Springfield,  849  W. 

Belmont,  p-v.,  Iowa  co.,  Wis.,  64  s.  w.  Madi- 
son, 896  W. 

Beloit,  p-o.,  Rock  co.,  Wis.,  55  s.  s.  e.  Madi- 
son, 820  W. 

Belpre,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Ohio,  12  s.  Mari- 
etta, 116  s.  E.  Columbus,  304  W.  It  borders  on 
the  Ohio  river,  and  much  of  it  is  a  beautiful 
meadow,  as  its  name  in  French  denotes.  Settled 
in  1789.  Blennerhasset's  Island,  made  famous 
by  Burr's  conspiracy,  lies  opposite  the  centre  of 
the  t.  Opposite  the  island  are  several  ancient 
mounds. 

Beltsville,  p-o.,  Prince  George  co.,  Md.,  28 
w.  s.  w.  Annapolis,  13  W. 

Belvidere,  p-t.,  Lamoille  co.,  Vt.,  47  n. 
by  w .  Montpelier,  557  W.  Situated  on  the  w .  side 
of  the  Green  mountains,  and  very  uneven.  In- 
corporated 1791.  Watered  by  branches  of  La- 
moille r.  It  has  1  saw  m.,  2  sch.  62  scholars. 
Pop.  207. 

Belvidere,  p-v.,  Oxford  t.,  capital  of  Warren 
co.,  N.  J.  Situated  on  Delaware  r.,  57  n.  n.  w. 
Trenton,  212  W.  It  has  a  court  house,  which 
contains  also  the  jail  and  public  offices,  2 
churches,  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist,  a 
bank,  and  an  academy.  Pequest  creek,  which 
passes  through  it,  affords  a  good  water  power, 
and  gives  motion  to  several  mills.  There  is  an 
elegant  bridge  across  the  Delaware  r.  here. 

Belvidere,  p-o.,  Sumner  co.,  Tenn.,  55  Nash- 
ville, 696  W. 

Belvidere,  t,  Boone  co ,  HI.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $6,000 ;  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  3  sch.  136 
scholars.    Pop.  698. 


BEN 


59 


REN 


Belvidere,  p-v.,  Winnebago  co.,  111.,  219  n. 
by  k.  Springfield,  783  W. 

Bemus'  Heights,  p-o.,  Stillwater  t.,  Saratoga 
co.,  N.  Y.,  26  n.  Albany,  396  W. 

Benedict.,  p-v.,  Charles  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Pa- 
tuxent  r.,  59  s.  s.  e.  Annapolis,  54  W. 

Benevola,  p-o.,  Pickens  co.,  Ala.,  34  w.  Tus- 
caloosa, 852  W. 

Benjamintown,  p-o.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  142  n. 
Harrisburg. 

Bengal,  t.,  Clinton  co.,  Mich. 

Bennetts'  Bayoq,  t.,  Benton  co.,  Ark.  Pop. 
282. 

Bennetts'  Corners,  p-o.,  Lenox  t.,  Madison 
co.,  N.  Y. 

Bennettsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Marlboro 
dist.,  S.  C,  107  n.  e.  Columbia,  409  W.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house  ;  2  churches,  1  Baptist,  1  Me- 
thodist, and  about  350  inhabitants. 

Bennettsville,  p-o.,  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala.,  112 
N.  E.  Tuscaloosa,  705  W. 

Bennington,  county,  Vt.,  in  the  s.  w.  comer 
of  the  state,  contains  610  sq.  miles.  The  eastern 
part  is  mountainous,  extending  into  the  range 
of  the  Green  mountains,  and  most  parts  of  it  are 
uneven,  but  the  soil  of  the  western  part  is  good 
for  tillage,  and  of  the  eastern  for  grazing.  A 
range  of  limestone  passes  through  the  county,  n. 
and  s.  and  furnishes  some  good  quarries  of  mar- 
ble; iron  ore  is  also  found.  The  capitals  are 
Bennington  and  Manchester.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  16,879,  sheep  104,721,  swine 
9,906 ;  wheat  12,959  bush,  produced  rye  25,671, 
Ind.  corn  70,246,  buckwheat  16,071,  oats  137,837, 
potatoes  564,279,  sugar  180,986  pounds  ;  38  stores, 
cap.  $124,020  ;  5  furnaces,  11  fulling  m.,  8  wool- 
len fac,  3  cotton  fac  1,603  sp.,  12  tanneries,  1 
pottery,  1  paper  fac,  17  grist  m.,  73  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $276,  365.  4  acad.  275  students, 
102  sch.  3,894  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 17,470 ;  1840, 
16,872. 

Bennington,  p-v.,  serai-capital  of  Bennington 
co.,  Vt.,  117  s.  by  w.  Montpelier,  37  n.  e.  Albany, 
68  s.  w.  Windsor,  132  w.  n.  w.  Boston,  407  W. 
42°  42'  n.  lat.  and  73°  w.  Ion.  Pop.  1790,  2,400 ; 
1830,  3,419  ;  1840,  3,429.  This  town  was  charter- 
ed in  1749  by  Benning  Wentworth,  then  the  roy- 
al governor  of  N.  H.  from  whom  it  was  named, 
and  it  was  settled  in  1761.  It  is  drained  by 
branches  of  Hoosick  r.,  which  afford  good  water 
power.  The  soil  is  fertile  ;  and  marble,  iron  ore, 
and  yellow  ochre,  are  found.  The  principal  vil- 
lage is  on  elevated  ground,  and  has  a  court  house, 
a  Congregational  church,  and  an  academy.  A 
little  to  the  e.  is  a  considerable  manufacturing 
village.  In  August,  1777,  800  Americans  under 
Gen.  Starke,  defeated  a  superior  British  force,  on 
the  w.  border  of  this  town.  It  has  14  stores, 
cap.  $55,670 ;  3  fulling  m.,  2  cotton  fac.  1,608 
sp.,  3  furnaces,  4  tanneries,  1  pottery,  1  paper 
fac,  3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  printing 
office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$111,700.  2  acad.  150  students,  12  sch.  419  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  3,429. 

Bennington,  p-t.,  Wyoming  co.,  N.  Y.,  264  w. 
Albany,  370  W.  It  has  a  rolling  surface;  soil,  moist 
clay,  and  fertile.  Drained  by  Cayuga  and  Tona- 
wanda  crs.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $14,000  ;  1  wool- 
len fac,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac$8,300. 34  sch.  915  scholars.  Pop.  2,368. 

Bennington,  t.,  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.  Drained 
by  Looking  Glass  r.  It  has  1  saw  m.,  3  sch.  65 
scholars.    Pop.  403. 

Bennington,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.,  O.,  40  n.  e. 
Columbus,  409  W.    Pop.  1,051. 

Bensalem,  t.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.    It  has  5  stores, 


cap.  1G,000  ;  3  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  4  sch.  154  icho- 
lars.    Pop.  1,731. 

Benson,  p-t.,  Rutland  co.,  Vt,  85  s.  w.  Mont- 
pelier, 62  s.  Burlington,  457  W.  It  lies  on  Lake 
Champlain,  here  about  a  mile  wide.  First  set- 
tled in  1783.  The  natural  growth  is  pine,  ma- 
ple, walnut,  oak  and  beech.  It  has  3  stores,  1 
fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $l,3iX).  11  sch.  510  scholars.  Pop. 
1,403. 

Benson,  p-o.,  Hope  t,  Hamilton  co.,  N.  Y.,  65 
N.  by  w.  Albany,  434  W. 

Bent  Creek,  p-o.,  Buckingham  co.,  Va.,  106 
w.  Richmond,  192  W. 

Bentivoglia,  p-o.,  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  80  n. 
w.  Richmond,  HOW. 

Bentleyville,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Pa., 
198  w.  Harrisburg,  220  W.  It  lies  on  Pigeon 
creek. 

Bentleyville,  p-o.,  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  115  s. 
w.  Richmond,  213  W. 

Benton,  county,  Ala.,  in  the  n.  e.  part  of  the 
state,  contains  1,060  sq.  miles.  Watered  by  a 
branch  of  Coosa  r.,  and  by  Tallapoosa  r.  Sur- 
face generally  level,  soil  fertile.  Capital,  Jack- 
sonville. There  were  in  1810,  neat  cattle  16,898, 
sheep  4,886,  swine  48,340 ;  wheat  77,976  bush, 
produced,  rye  885,  Ind.  corn  667,832,  oats  22,191, 
potatoes  23,677,  tobacco  30,533  pounds,  cotton 
1,756,502.  Value  of  gold  produced  $11,030.  29 
stores,  cap.  $156,500 ;  1  cotton  fac.  158  sp.,  8  tan- 
neries, 18  distilleries,  14  flouring  m.,  29  grist  m., 
24  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspa- 
per. Cap.  in  manufac.  $66,807.  4  acad.  180  stu- 
dents, 33  sch.  1,498  scholars.  Pop.  whites  11,360, 
slaves  2,894,  free  col'd  6  ;  total,  14,260. 

Benton,  county,  Tenn.,  in  the  western  part 
of  the  state,  contains  375  sq.  ms.  The  Ten- 
nessee r.  forms  its  eastern  boundary.  Drained 
by  several  small  creeks,  branches  of  Tennessee 
r.  Surface  level,  soil  fertile.  Capital,  Camden. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,263,  sheep 
3,645,  swine  23,330  ;  wheat  13,722  bush,  produ- 
ced, Ind.  corn  41,533,  oats  22,421,  potatoes  5,229, 
tobacco  29,563  pounds,  cotton  22,499 ;  4  stores, 
cap.  $9,270  ;  3  distilleries,  3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,050.  4  sch.  214  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  4,517,  slaves  247,  free  col'd  8 ;  total, 
4,772. 

Benton,  county,  Mo.,  in  the  s.  w.  part  of  the 
state,  contains  1,050  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  un- 
even, consisting  of  prairie  and  woodland,  and 
the  soil  is  rich.  Capital,  Warsaw.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,177,  sheep  2,617,  swine 
12,541  ;  wheat  3,233  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
110,335,  oats  8,195,  potatoes  5,523,  tboacco 
4,731  pounds,  cotton  2,821 ;  8  stores,  cap.  $18,935 ; 
1  tannery,  2  distilleries.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$3,700.  1  sch.  30  scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,933, 
slaves  261 ;  total,  4,205. 

Benton,  county,  Ark.,  in  the  N.  w.  corner  of 
the  state,  contains  about  1,050  sq.  miles.  Drain- 
ed by  White  r.  and  head  branches  of  Illinois  and 
Cow-skin  rivers.  Surface  hilly,  soil  fertile. 
Capital,  Bentonville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  3,074,  sheep  1,934,  swine  8.221 ;  wheat 
5,123  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  130,595,  oats 
5,985,  potatoes  5,744,  cotton  1,114,622  pounds; 
6  stores,  cap.  $33,900;  2  tanneries,  4  distilleries, 

5  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,400. 

6  sch.  121  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,050,  slaves 
168,  free  col'd  10;  total,  2,228. 

Benton,  p-t,  Yates  co.,  N.  Y.,  184  w.  Albany, 
337  W.  The  surface  consists  of  gentle  swells  or 
extended  plains,  the  soil,  clay,  sandy  and  gra- 
velly loam,  underlaid  with  slate  and  limestone. 
The  outlet  of  Crooked  lake,  and  Cashong  cr. 


BER 


60 


BER 


afford  water  power,  and  have  several  mills. 
The  p-v.,  called  Benton  Centre,  has  2  churches, 
2  stores,  'and  30  or  40  dwellings.  There  are  in 
the  t  7  stores,  cap.  $21,500  ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  wool- 
len fac,  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  2  flouring  m.,  1 
grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $74,710.  18 
sch.  1,085  scholars.     Pop.  3,911. 

Benton,  p-o.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  110  n.  by  e. 
Harrisburg,  221  W. 

Benton,  p-v.,  Lumpkin  co.,  Ga.,  15  Dahlone- 
ga  125  N.  N.  w.Milledgeville,  635  W.  Situated 
on  the  ridge  between  the  Chestatee  and  Etowah 
rivers.  [  .,      no 

Benton,  p-o.,  Lowndes  co.,  Ala.,  98  s.  s.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  859  W. 

Benton,  t.,  Hocking  co.,  O.  Pop.  44S. 

Benton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Saline  co.,  Ark.,  24  s. 
w.  Little  Rock,  1,089  W. 

Benton,  p-o.,  Marshall  co.,  Tenn.,  57  s.  Nash- 
ville, 708  W. 

Benton,  p-v.,  Salt  creek  t.,  Holmes  co.,  O., 
92  n.  e.  Columbus,  344  W.  Situated  on  the  s. 
side  of  Martins  creek.  It  has  several  stores  and 
warehouses,  30  dwellings,  and  about  150  inhabit- 
ants. 

Benton,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  111.,  151  s.  s.  e. 
Springfield,  816  W. 

Benton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Scott  co.,  Mo.,  222  s.  E. 
Jefferson  city,  870  W.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Benton,  p-o.,  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  45  w. 
Detroit,  522  W. 

Benton,  p-o.,  Hamilton  co.,  Flor. 

Benton,  t.,  Hocking  co.,  O.    Pop.  448. 

Benton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Yazoo  co.,  Miss.,  50 
N.  w.  Jackson,  1,019  W.  It  is  nearly  equidis- 
tant between  Big  Black  and  Yazoo  rivers.  Con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  and  1  church,  free  to  all 
denominations,  except  R.  Catholics,  1  academy, 
a  masonic  hall,  and  4  stores.  It  is  surrounded 
by  a  fine  cotton-growing  country.  Population, 
400. 

Benton,  t.,  Macon  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  330. 

Benton,  t.,  Linn  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  413. 

Benton,  t.,  Newton  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch.  20 
scholars.    Pop.  744. 

Benton,  t.,  Polk  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  490. 

Benton,  t.,  Taney  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  340. 

Benton,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch.  33 
scholars.    Pop.  425. 

Benton  Ridge,  p-o.,  Hancock  co.,  O.,  99  n. 
by  w.  Columbus,  464  W. 

Benton's  Port,  p-v.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa. 

Bentonville,  p-v;,  capital  of  Polk  co.,Tenn., 

174  s.  E.  Nashville,  574  W.    It  has  a  court  house, 

jail,  and  academy,  all  of  brick,  3  stores,  2  churches, 

1  Cumberland  Pies.,  1  Baptist,  and  about  200  in- 
habitants. It  is  on  Four-mile  branch,  4  m.  s.  of 
Highawasse  r. 

Bentonville,  p-o.,  Fayette  co.,  la.,  50  E.  s.  E. 
Indianapolis,  529  W. 

Bentonville,  p-o.,  Adams  co.,  O. 
Bentonville,  v.,  capital  of  Benton  co.,  Ark., 

2  s.  of  Little  Sugar  cr.  It  has  a  court  house 
jail,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  134. 

Benvenue,  p-o.,  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  15  n.  Har- 
risburg, 125  W. 

Berea,  p-v.,  Middleburg  t.,  Cuyahoga  co.,  O., 
12  s.  w.  Cleveland,  136  n.  n.  e.  Columbus,  366 
W.  Situated  on  the  falls  of  the  e.  branch  of 
Rocky  r.,  which  affords  water  power.  A  man- 
ual labor  seminary  is  located  here.  It  has  several 
mills,  and  a  manufactory  of  grindstones,  of  an 
excellent  quality. 

Berea  Granville,  p-o.,  Person  co.,  N.  C. 

Bergen,  county,  N.  J.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  350  sq.  ms.    The 


surface  is  various ;  soil,  fertile,  especially  on  the 
streams.  Watered  by  Hackensack  and  Saddle 
rivers.  The  Palisades  on  the  Hudson  r.  lie  in 
this  co.     Capital,  Hackensack.    There  were  in 


1840,  neat  cattle  6,425,  sheep  7,266,  swine  8,599 ; 
wheat  7,221  bush,  produced,  rye  80,743,  Ind.  corn 
86,667,  buckwheat  45,169,  oats  79,239,  potatoes 
127,043  ;  products  of  the  dairy,  $65,262 ;  of  the 
orchard,  $57,803 ;  of  the  garden,  $32,494 ;  34 
stores,  cap.  $31,050 ;  1  fulling  m.,  6  cotton  fac. 
4,398  sp.,  9  tanneries,  8  distilleries,  5  paper  fac, 
47  grist  m.,  57  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $128,733. 
1  acad.  25  students,  40  sch.  1,388  scholars.  Pop. 
1840,  13,223. 

Bergen,  p-t.,  Genesee  co.,  N.  Y.,  14  n.  w.  Ba- 
tavia,  237  w.  Albany,  378  W.  The  surface  is 
level,  and  the  soil  clay  loam.  Watered  by 
Black  cr.  The  Tonawanda  railroad  passes 
through  it.  The  p-v.  contains  5  stores  and  30 
dwellings.  Pop.  of  the  v.  200,  of  the  t.  1,832. 
It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $7,200 ;  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $1,100.     10  sch.  405  scholars. 

Bergen,  p-t.,  and  capital  Hudson  co.,  N.  J., 
56  n.  E.  Trenton,  222  W.  The  surface  is  partly 
hilly,  and  partly  marsh ;  soil,  red  shale,  and  fer- 
tile. The  v.  is  situated  on  the  summit  of  Bergen 
ridge,  3  ms.  w.  Jersey  City,  has  2  churches,  1 
Dutch  Reformed,  1  Presbyterian,  2  stores,  and 
60  houses.  The  Beacon  race  course  lies  a  little 
N.  of  the  village.  The  court  house  is  about  to 
be  erected  in  the  n.  part  of  the  t.  Settled  in 
1616  by  Danes,  who  came  over  with  the  Hol- 
landers. There  are  in  the  t.,  1  furnace,  2  rope 
fac.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $202,300.  14  sch.  670 
scholars.     Pop.  5,255. 

Berger's  Store,  p-o.,  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va., 
163  s.  w.  Richmond,  238  W. 

Berkley,  p-t.,  Bristol  co.,  Ms.,  37  s.  Boston, 
18  e.  Providence,  424  W.  Taken  from  Dighton 
in  1735,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  Taunton  r. 
The  soil  is  light  and  not  fertile.  It  has  some 
coasting  trade,  and  some  ship-building.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $1,000 ;  1  grist  m.,  7  sch.  328  scholars. 
Pop.  886. 

Berkley,  county,  Va.,  in  the  n.  e.  part  of  the 
state,  on  the  Potomac,  contains  392  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  uneven  and  broken.  Capital,  Martins- 
burg.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,157, 
sheep  13,092,  swine  25,035 ;  wheat  287,127  bush, 
produced,  rye  38,005,  Ind.  corn  390,948,  buck- 
wheat 2,293,  oats  135,920;  28  stores,  cap. 
$123,200;  7  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  1  furnace, 
7  tanneries,  8  distilleries,  19  flouring  m.,  30  grist 
m.,  26  saw  m.,  1  paper  fac,  1  printing  office,  1 
weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac  $355,737. 
4  acad.  115  students,  18  sch.  612  scholars.  Pop. 
1830,  10,528 ;  1840,  whites  8,760,  slaves  1,919, 
free  colored  293 ;  total,  10,972. 

Berkley  Springs,  p-o.,  in  the  village  of  Bath, 
Morgan  co.,  Va.,  180  n.  n.  w.  Richmond,  101  W. 
The  springs,  which  are  near  the  village,  are  but 
slightly  impregnated  with  mineral  ingredients, 
and  the  cures  which  they  effect  are  probably 
chiefly  to  be  attributed  to  pure  air,  aud  a  beauti- 
ful and  romantic  scenery. 

Berks,  county,  Pa.,  in  thes.  e.  part  of  the  state, 
contains  1,020  sq.  ms.  It  has  a  finely  diversified 
surface,  with  mountains  on  the  n.  w.  and  s.  e.  It 
is  traversed  by  Schuylkill  r.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Capital,  Reading.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  32,803,  sheep  21,517,  swine  34,095  ;  wheat 
331,959  bush,  produced,  rye  449,247,  Ind.  corn 
490,777,  buckwheat  58,040,  oats  585,111,  potatoes 
224,591 ;  118  stores,  cap.  $459,943  ;  11  furnaces, 
36  forges ;  13  lumber  yards,  cap.  $S3,000 ;  16  full- 
ing m.,  7  woollen  fac,  52  tanneries,  29  distilleries, 
3  powder  m.,  3  potteries,  27  flouring  m.,  114  grist 


BEIi 


01 


RER 


m.,  108  saw  m.,  15  oil  m.,  5  paper  fac,  1  printing 
office,  5  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufae. 
$250,743.  3  acad.  138  students,  25  sch.  1,750 
scholars.     Pop.  1830,  53,357  ;  1840,  64,569. 

Berkshire,  county,  Ms.,  the  most  western  in 
the  state.  The  surface  is  uneven,  as  the  Green 
Mountain  range,  which  is  here  about  1,200  feet 
high  on  an  average,  passes  through  it.  The  soil 
is  generally  fertile,  and  particularly  adapted  to 
grazing.  It  is  drained  by  the  head  branches  of 
the  Housatonic  and  Hoosick  rs.,  which  afford  valu- 
able water  power.  Several  of  its  towns  have 
extensive  manufactures.  It  has  a  good  white 
marble  and  iron  ore.  The  railroad  from  Boston 
to  Albany  passes  through  it.  There  were  in 
1840.  neat  cattle  34,410,  sheep  133,942,  swine 
13,873 ;  wheat  30,236  bush,  produced,  rye  54,547, 
Ind.  corn  119,846,  buckwheat  13,122,  oats  288,164, 
potatoes  670,876,  sugar  234,334  pounds;  106 
stores,_  cap.  $255,850 ;  17  fulling  m.,  10  woollen 
fac,  25  cotton  fac.  34,512  sp.,  6  furnaces,  28  tan- 
neries, 3  distilleries,  1  brewery,  2  powder  m.,  19 
paper  fac,  39  grist  m.,  188  saw  m.,  3  oil  m.,  4 
printing  offices,  3  wTeekly  papers.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufae $1,813,749.  1  college  130  students,  12 
acad.  522  students,  258  sch.  9,104  scholars.  Pop. 
1830,37,825;  1840,41,745.    Capital,  Lenox. 

Berkshire,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  65  n.  by  w. 
Montpelier,  22  n.  e.  by  e.  St.  Albans,  31  n.  e. 
by  n.  Burlington,  562  w.  Watered  by  Misisque 
r.  and  its  branches,  which  furnish  fine  intervale 
land.  Pike  r.,  from  Canada,  affords  a  good  water 
power.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $6,000 ;  1  fulling  m., 
3  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufae $14,500.  13  sch.  267  scholars.  Pop. 
1,818. 

Berkshire,  p-t.,  Tioga  co.,  N.  Y.,  148  w.  ,s. 
w.  Albany,  13  n.  Owego,  291  W.  The  surface 
is  hilly,  and  the  soil  gravelly  loam,  and  very  pro- 
ductive in  the  valleys.  The  p-v.  is  on  the  E. 
Owego  cr.,  has  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist 
church,  2  stores,  an  academy,  1  woollen  fac,  1 
grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  tannery,  and  45  dwellings. 
Pop.  of  the  v.  300,  of  the  t.  956. 

Berkshire,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.,  O.,  28  n.  Co- 
lumbus, 398  W.  It  is  one  of  the  richest  townships 
in  the  county.  The  v.  has  an  Episcopal  church. 
There  are  in  the  t.  7  sch.  210  scholars.  Pop.  1,407. 

Berkshire,  p-o.,  Kane  co.,  111. 

Berkshire  Valley,  p-v.,  Jefferson  t,  Morris 
co.,  N.  J.,  12  n.  w.  Mornstown,  67  n.  Trenton, 
238  W.  It  is  a  wild  rocky  spot,  through  which 
runs  a  branch  of  Rockaway  r.,  which  affords 
water  power,  and  on  which  are  several  forges. 
There  is  here  1  Presbyterian  church. 

Berlin,  p-t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H.,  Ill  n.  Concord, 
594  W.  The  Androscoggin  and  Amonoosuck  rs. 
pass  through  it.  Settled  in  1771  under  the  name 
of  Maynesborough ;  received  its  present  name  in 
1829.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufae $1,300.    2  sch.  42  scholars.    Pop.  116. 

Berlin,  t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  45  n.  w.  Augusta. 
It  has  5  sch.  211  scholars.     Pop.  442. 

Berlin,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  4  s.  Mont- 
pelier, 517  W.  Watered  by  branches  of  Onion 
r.,  which  afford  good  water  power.  First  settled 
in  1786.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $12,000  ;  1  fulling 
m.,  2  flouring  m.,  5  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufae  $11,910.  13  sch.  534  scholars.  Pop. 
1,598. 

Berlin,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Ms.,  15  n.  e. 
Worcester,  34  w.  by  N.  Boston,  413  W.  Water- 
ed by  a  branch  of  Assabet  r.,  which  affords  a 
good  water  power.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $10,400  ; 
2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufae  $6,150. 
1  acad.  10  students,  5  sch.  229  scholars.  Pop. 
763. 


Berlin,  p-t.,  Hartford  co.,  Ct.,  10  s.  by  *. 
Hartford,  327  W.  Taken  from  Farmington  in 
1785.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  the  soil  fer- 
tile. It  has  the  societies  of  Worthington,  Ken- 
sington, and  New  Britain,  the  last  of  which  is  a 
considerable  manufacturing  village.  It  has  ex- 
tensive manufactures,  particularly  of  tin  ware. 
The  Hartford  and  New  Haven  railroad  passes 
through  it.  It  has  12  stores,  cap.  $79,100;  1 
fulling  m.,  2  cotton  fac.  1,000  sp.,  1  tannery,  4  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufae  $330,050.  1  acad. 
40  students,  16  sch.  724  scholars.    Pop.  3,411. 

Berlin,  p-t.,  Rensselaer  co.,  N.  V.,  26  e.  Al- 
bany, 387  W.  The  v.  is  on  Little  Hoosick  cr., 
has  4  stores,  1  church,  2  m.  Pop.  300.  At  the 
centre  of  the  t.  is  another  village,  settled  in  1764 
by  Germans,  which  has  1  church,  1  store,  and 
20  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  4  stores,  cap. 
$8,000 ;  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap  in 
manufae  $8,945.  8  sch.  522  scholars.  Pop. 
1,794. 

Berlin,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  Pa.  Drained  by  Mast- 
hope,  and  some  small  branches  of  the  Lacka- 
waxen  cr.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $3,000 ;  6  sch. 
128  scholars.     Pop.  488. 

Berlin,  p-b.,  Brothers  Valley  t,  Somerset,  co., 
Pa.,  143  w.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  160  W.  Situated 
on  the  head  waters  of  Stony  cr.  It  has  1  Lu- 
theran, and  1  German  Reformed  church,  and  con- 
tains 4  stores,  cap.  $23,000 ;  4  tanneries,  2  potte- 
ries. Cap.  in  manufae  $9,000.  2  sch.  60  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  524. 

Berlin,  t.,  Milwaukie  co.,  Wis.  It  has  1  saw 
m.    Cap.  in  manufae  $2,000.    Pop.  199. 

Berlin,  p-v.,  Worcester  co.,  Md.,  123  s.  e. 
Annapolis,  163  W. 

Berlin,  p-o.,  Southampton  co.,  Va.,  70  s. 
Richmond,  189  W. 

Berlin,  p-v.,  Marshall  co.,  Term.,  48  s.  Nash- 
ville, 705  W. 

Berlin,  t.,  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1  saw 
m.    Cap.  in  manufae  $2,000.    Pop.  255. 

Berlin,  p-t.,  Holmes  co.,  O.,  95  n.  e.  Colum- 
bus, 337  W.  It  lies  in  the  e.  part  of  the  co.,  and 
is  5  miles  square.  It  has  1  pottery,  4  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper. 
Cap.  in  manufae  $3,719.  1  sch.  52  scholars. 
Pop.  1,149. 

Berlin,  p-v.,  Sangamon  co.,  111.,  14  w.  by  s. 
Springfield,  794  W. 

Berlin,  t.,  Erie  co.,  O.  It  has  12  sch.  575 
scholars.    Pop.  1,628. 

Berlin,  p-v.,  Sumter  co.,  Ala.  86  s.  w. 
Tuscaloosa,  904  W. 

Berlin,  p-v.,  Scott  co.,  Iowa,  formerly  called 
Parkhurst. 

Berlin,  t.,  Knox  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,091. 

Berlin,  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  18  s.  w.  War- 
ren, 156  n.  e.  Columbus,  303  W.  Mahoning  cr. 
passes  through  the  t.  The  soil  is  excellent.  Post 
office  called  Berlin  Centre.  It  has  9  sch.  523 
scholars.    Pop.  1,283. 

Berlinville,  p-o.,  Berlin  t.,  Huron  co.,  O,  4 
e.  Norwalk,  108  n.  n.  e.  Columbus,  395  W. 

Bermudian,  p-v.,  Adams  co.,  Pa.,,  19  s.  by  w. 
Harrisburg,  96  W. 

Bernadotte,  p-v.,  Fulton  co.,  HI.,  65  n.  w. 
Springfield,  843  W. 

Bernardston,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Ms.,  99  w. 
by  n.  Boston,  7  n.  Greenfield,  409  W.  It  is  on  ele- 
vated ground,  between  Fall  and  Connecticut  rs. 
It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,000 ;  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m., 
6  sch.  252  scholars.     Pop.  992. 

Bernard,  t.,  Somerset  co.,  N.  J.  The  surface 
is  hilly  or  mountainous ;  soil,  fertile  and  well  cul- 
tivated. It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $13,600;  1  fulling 
ra.t  2  woollen  fac,  4  tanneries,  1  distillery,  5 


BER 


62 


BET 


irrist  ra  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $37,93J. 
7  sch.  231  scholars.    Pop.  2,059. 

Ijkrnardsville,  p-v.,  Mercer  co.,  N.  J. 

Berne*  p-t.,  Albany  co.,  N. Y.,  23  w.  Albany,  393 
W.  The  Helderberg  hills  here  rise  precipitously 
from  100  to  500  feet.  The  valleys  are  very  fertile. 
Watered  by  Foxes  cr.  which  flows  into  Schoharie 
cr.  It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $23,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  2 
tanneries,  2  grist  ra.,  22  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$16,190.  24  schools,  1,106  scholars.  Population 
3,740. 

Berne,  t.,  Athens  co.,  O.  Drained  by  Federal 
cr.  It  has  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,100. 
1  sch.  15  scholars.     Pop.  381. 

Berne,  t.,  Fairfield  co.,  O.    Pop.  2,419. 

Berne,  t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.  Divided  into  Upper 
and  Lower  Berne  townships.  Watered  by  Schuyl- 
kill r.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $14,475  ;  3  tanneries, 
1  powder  m.,  1  flouring  m.,  6  grist  m.,  7  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,275.     Pod.  3,149. 

Berne,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  0.,  108  e.  s.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 297  W. 

Bernville,  p-v.,  Lower  Berne  t.,  Berks  co. 
Pa.,  63  e.  by  n  Harrisburg,  158  W.    It  contains 

1  store,  40  dwellings,  and  250  inhabitants. 
Berrien,  county,  Mich.,  in  the  s.  w.  corner 

of  the  state,  contains  576  sq.  ms.  Drained  chief- 
ly by  St.  Joseph's,  Pawpaw,  and  Galien  rs.  The 
surface  is  rolling,  but  not  hilly.  The  soil  on  the 
St.  Joseph  is  a  deep  black  sandy  loam,  in  other 
parts  of  the  county  it  is  various.  The  valleys  of 
the  rivers  are  covered  with  a  heavy  growth  of 
oak,  whitewood,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  and  sugar 
maple  ;  in  some  parts  there  is  considerable  pine. 
The  rivers  and  creeks  furnish  excellent  mill  sites. 
Capital,  St.  Joseph.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  4,934,  sheep  2,407,  swine  10,067 ;  wheat 
56,685  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  97,603,  buck- 
wheat 1,316,  barley,  2,792,  oats  53,692,  potatoes 
35,535,  sugar  45,560  pounds ;  5  commission  houses 
in  for.  trade,  cap.  $25,500 ;  21  stores,  cap.  101,300 ; 

2  tanneries,  4  distilleries,  1  brewery,  3  flouring  ra., 
7  grist  m.,  27  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  week- 
ly newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $223,008.  1 
college,  38  students,  23  sch.  620  scholars.  Pop. 
5,011. 

Berrien  Springs,  p-v.,  Berrien  t.,  Berrien  co., 
Mich.,  192  s.  w.  Detroit,  637  W.  It  is  on  the  w. 
bank  of  the  St.  Joseph  r.,  15  ms.  from  its  mouth. 
In  the  t.  there  are  4  stores,  cap.  $16,650  ;  1  dis- 
tillery, 4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $20,270.  4 
sch.  84  scholars.    Pop.  543. 

Berrysburc,  p-v.,  Mifflin  t.,  Dauphin  co.,  Pa., 
39  n.  Harrisburg,  149  W.  It  has  2  stores,  and 
about  20  dwellings. 

Berry's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Clark  co.,  Va.,  133  Rich- 
mond, 64  W. 

Berry's  Lick,  p-o.,  Butler  co.,  Ky. 

Berrysville,  p-v.,  Knox  co.,Ia.,  113  s.  w.  In- 
dianapolis, 675  W. 

Berrysville,  p-o.,  Clark  co..  Va.,  158  Rich 
mond,  62  W. 

Berrytown,  p-v.,  Kent  co.,  Del.,  14  s.  by  w 
Dover,  122  W. 

Berryville,  v.,  Scott  co.,  Miss.,  10  s.  Hills- 
boro  C.  H. 

Bertie,  county,  N.  C,  in  the  n.  e.  part  of  the 
state,  contains  1,000  sq.  miles.  It  is  bounded  s. 
by  Roanoke  r.  The  surface  is  level,  and  in  some 
parts  marshy.  The  chief  productions  are  cotton 
and  tobacco.  Capital,  Windsor.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  9,484,  sheep  7,222,  swine  39,2 18 ; 
wheat  2,839  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  545,282, 
oats  6,504,  potatoes  66,444,  cotton  2,121,449,  tar, 
pitch,  &c.  22,439  barrels ;  17  stores,  cap.  $101,000 ; 
30  tanneries,  82  distilleries,  24  grist  m.,  10  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $84,957.  14  sch.  224  schol- 


ars. Pop- 1830,  12,276  ;  1840,  whites  5,144,  slaves 
6,728,  free  col'd  303  ;  total,  12,175. 

Bertrand,  p-t.,  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  186  w.  by 
s.  Detroit,  631  W.  The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  St.  Joseph's  r.,  and  has  con- 
siderable business.  The  t.  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$27,000 ;  1  distillery,  1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $82,800.  5  sch.  246 
scholars.    Pop.  1,298. 

Berwick,  p-v.,  Brier  Creek  t,  Columbia  co., 
Pa.,  97  n.  by  E.  Harrisburg,  28  s.  w.  Wilkesbar- 
re,  207  W.  On  the  n.  side  of  the  Susquehanna 
r.,  at  Niscopeck  falls.  There  is  a  bridge  here 
over  the  Susquehanna  1,260  feet  long,  which 
cost  $52,435.  It  is  pleasantly  situated,  and  has 
a  Methodist  church,  5  stores,  and  800  inhabitants. 
The  Pennsylvania  canal  runs  through  the  place. 

Berwick,  t.,  York  co.,  Me.,  16  n.  w.  Ports- 
mouth, N.  H.,  103  s.  w.  Augusta.  Situated  on 
the  Salmon  Fall  r.  It  has  considerable  trade  in 
lumber.  Incorporated  in  1713.  There  is  a  con- 
siderable village  at  the  falls  on  the  r.,  called 
South  Berwick,  to  which  vessels  come,  and  which 
has  considerable  trade.  There  are  5  stores,  cap. 
$10,500  ;  4  tanneries,  1  pottery,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,100.  15  sch.  640 
scholars.     Pop.  1,698. 

Berwick,  t.,  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  41  s.  w.  Harris- 
burg. The  surface  is  level,  soil  red  shale. 
Watered  by  Conewago  and  Beaver  creeks.  It 
has  5  stores,  cap.  $28,500 ;  3  tanneries,  3  distil- 
leries, 3  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  print- 
ing office,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $14,190.    6  sch.  493  scholars.    Pop.  1,462. 

Berzelia,  p-o.,  Columbia  co.,  Ga.,  74  n.  e. 
Milledgeville,  20  w.  Augusta,  597  W.  It  is  a 
depot  on  the  Georgia  railroad. 

Bethabara,  v.,  Stokes  co.,  N.  C,  9  s.  Ger- 
manton.  It  is  a  Moravian  village,  has  a  large 
church,  and  150  inhabitants. 

Bethania,  p-v.,  Stokes  co.,  N.  C,  118  n.  w. 
by  w.  Raleigh,  9  s.  Germanton,  339  W.  It  is  a 
Moravian  village,  containing  1  church,  and  200 
inhabitants. 

Bethany,  p-t.,  New  Haven  co.,  Ct.,  46  s.  w. 
Hartford,  316  W.  It  was  taken  from  the  n.  part 
of  Woodbridge  in  1832.  The  soil,  generally  good. 
In  the  e.  part  it  is  mountainous.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $5,400 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  flouring 
m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,060.  1  acad. 
30  students,  7  sch.  210  scholars.     Pop.  1,170. 

Bethany,  p-v.,  Bethany  t.,  Genesee  co.,  N.  Y., 
252  w.  Albany,  370  W.  The  surface  of  the  t.  is 
rolling  ;  soil,  sandy  loam  and  clay.  Drained  by 
Little  Tonawanda  and  Black  crs.  The  v.  con- 
tains 2  churches,  2  stores,  and  35  dwellings. 
Pop.  200;  of  the  t.  2,286.  It  is  surrounded  by  a 
fine  agricultural  country. 

Bethany,  p-b.,  Dyberry  t.,  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  3 
n.  Honesdale,  165  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  272  W.,  1 
mile  w.  of  Dyberry  cr.  It  contains  a  court  house 
and  fire-proof  public  offices,  1  Presbyterian  church 
and  50  dwellings.  It  has  8  stores,  cap.  $39,200  ; 
3  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  glass  fac,  1  glass  cut- 
ting estab.,  1  flouring  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2 
weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $82,000. 
1  acad.  36  students,  1  sch.  55  scholars.  Pop.  299. 

Bethany,  p-v.,  Brooke  co.,  Va.,  352  n.  w. 
Richmond,  259  W. 

Bethany  Church,  p-o.,  Iredell  co.,  N.  C,  152 
w.  Raleigh,  379  W. 

Bethel,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  18  n.  w.  Paris, 
63  w.  Augusta,  603  W.  Incorporated  in  1796. 
It  lies  on  the  Androscoggin  r.,  and  has  a  good 
soil.  It  contains  1  acad.  80  students,  23  sch.  716 
scholars.    Pop.  1,994. 

Bethel,  p-t.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  34  s.  by  w. 


BET 


63 


BET 


Montpelier,  483  W.  Chartered  in  1779.  The 
surface  is  broken  and  mountainous,  but  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Watered  by  White  r.  and  its  branches. 
One  of  these  branches  affords  a  fine  water  power. 
There  is  here  an  inexhaustible  quarry  of  steatite 
or  soapstone,  and  a  mill  for  sawing  it,  and  it  is 
variously  manufactured,  and  extensively  export- 
ed.   It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $25,000 ;  2  fulling  m., 

2  woollen  fac,  3  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  7  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $28,225.  14  sch.  536  scholars. 
Pop.  1,886. 

Bethel,  p-v.,  Danbury  t.,  Fairfield  co.,  Ct.,  71 
s.  w.  Hartford,  289  W.  It  is  a  flourishing  manu- 
facturing village  of  50  or  60  houses,  and  half  as 
many  workshops  or  factories.  Hats  and  combs 
are  the  principal  articles  manufactured. 

Bethel,  p-t.,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  Y.,  60  w.  New- 
burg,  121  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  303  W.  The  surface 
is  hilly,  soil  gravelly  loam,  resting  on  slate. 
Drained  by  branches  of  the  Delaware  r.  There 
are  several  large  ponds,  one  of  which  affords  mill 
seats  at  its  outlet.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $9,000  ; 
1  fulling  m.,  2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $16,500.    Pop.  1,483. 

Bethel,  p-t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  52  e.  Harrisburg, 
162  W.  It  has  1  church,  used  by  German  Pres- 
byterians and  German  Lutherans,  and  30  dwel- 
lings. I  has  5  stores,  cap.  $12,500  ;  1  fulling  m., 
1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  4  distilleries,  4  grist  m., 
6  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,700.    Pop.  1,458. 

Bethel,  t.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is 
mountainous,  and  the  soil  calcareous  loam. 
Drained  by  Great  Conoloway  cr.  and  its  tributa- 
ries. It  has  1  store,  cap.  $2,800 ;  1  tannery,  5 
grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,954.  Pop. 
1,402. 

Bethel,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is 
level ;  soil,  clay.  Watered  by  Naaman's  cr.,  a 
branch  of  Chester  cr.     It  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,000 ; 

3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m., 
8  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,735.     Pop.  386. 

Bethel,  t.,  Clark  co.,  O.,  in  the  s.  w.  corner  of 
the  co.,  on  the  waters  of  Mad  cr.  It  has  10  sch. 
509  scholars.    Pop.  2,033. 

Bethel,  p-v.,  Hertford  co.,  N.  C,  169  N.  E. 
Raleigh,  241  W. 

Bethel,  p-v.,  Glynn  co.,  Ga.,  238  s.  e.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  747  W. 

Bethel,  t.,  Posey  co.,  la.    Pop.  449. 

Bethel,  p-o.,  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  105  s.  Tusca- 
loosa, 897  W. 

Bethel,  t.,  Branch  co.,  Mich.  3  sch.  46  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  335. 

Bethel,  p-v.,  Clermont  co.,  O.,  110  s.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 477  W. 

Bethel,  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  225. 

Bethel,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  111.,  45  Springfield, 
825  W. 

Bethel,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  O.    Pop.  545. 

Bethel,  t.,  Miami  co.,  O.,  on  the  e.  side  of 
Miami  r.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,000 ;  2  saw  m. 
6  sch.  294  scholars.    Pop.  1,574. 

Bethel,  v.,  Wayne  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  s.  side  of 
Turtle  r.  It  contains  a  Methodist  church,  and 
about  12  dwellings. 

Bethel,  t,  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is 
mountainous  in  the  n.,  level  in  the  s. ;  soil  chiefly 
gravel.  Watered  by  Swatara  cr.  and  its  branches. 
The  v.  contains  2  churches — 1  German  Presby- 
terian and  1  German  Lutheran.  The  t.  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $16,500;  1  furnace,  2  tanneries,  2 
distilleries,  3 grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $10,937.    3  sch.  149  scholars.    Pop.  1,662. 

Bethesda,  p-o.,  Williamson  co.,  Tenn. 

Bethlehem,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  88  n.  w. 
Concord,  549  W.  Incorporated  in  1799.  Watered 
by  Great  Amonoosuc  r.    The  soil  is  fertile,  and 


among  the  natural  growth  is  pine  and  the  sugar 
maple.  Some  mountain  and  bog  iron  ore  is 
found.  It  has  mineral  springs.  It  contains  1 
store,  cap.  $2,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,850.  11  sch.  285  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  779. 

Bethlehem,  p-t.,  Hunterdon  co.,  N.  J.,  40  .v. 
by  w.  Trenton,  202  W.  Surface  hilly  and 
mountainous  on  the  n.;  soil,  clay,  red  shale,  tad 
loam.  It  has  a  Presbyterian  churcli,  5  stores, 
cap.  $16,850 ;  4  tanneries,  5  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,725.  6  sch.  166 
scholars.    Pop.  2,370. 

Bethlehem,  t.,  Albany  co.,  N.  Y.,  5  s.  Alba- 
ny. The  soil  is  various ;  along  Hudson  r.  are 
some  alluvial  flats.  Watered  by  Normanskill, 
Vlamanskill,  and  Coeymans  crs.,  which  afford 
some  water  power.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $6,000 ; 
4  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m., 
2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $29,060.  800  schol- 
ars in  sch.    Pop.  3,238. 

Bethlehem,  p-b.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  48 
w.  of  n.  Philadelphia,  93  e.  Harrisburg,  186  W. 
Settled  by  the  Moravians,  under  Count  Zinzen- 
dorf,  in  1741.  The  borough,  which  is  character- 
ized by  great  neatness  and  order,  is  on  the  n. 
bank  of  the  Lehigh  r.,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Manokicy  cr.  The  ground  rises  gradually  from 
the  r.  and  the  cr.,  and  gives  a  commanding  situa- 
tion to  the  v.  It  is  compactly  built  on  a  street 
running  n.  and  s.,  and  two  other  streets  proceed- 
ing e.  from  the  main  street.  It  contains  a  large 
stone  church,  in  the  Gothic  style,  142  feet  long 
and  68  feet  wide,  with  a  small  tower  rising  from 
the  centre,  and  surmounted  by  a  dome.  There 
is  a  burying  ground  to  the  n.  e.  of  the  village, 
laid  out  with  great  neatness  and  taste,  in  which 
the  graves  have  the  heads  to  the  n.  There  are 
about  200  dwelling  houses,  besides  other  build- 
ings. Here  is  a  bridge  over  the  Lehigh  400  feet 
long.  This  place  has  long  been  celebrated  for  a 
female  school  of  a  high  order,  conducted  by  the 
Moravians,  in  which  many  highly  respectable 
ladies  of  the  Middle  states  have  received  their 
education.  The  Lehigh  canal  passes  along  the 
r.,  through  the  lower  part  of  the  place.  It  con- 
tains 4  stores,  cap.  $16,500  ;  1  furnace,  2  tanne- 
ries, 1  distillery,  1  brewery,  4  flouring  m.,  5  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $88,000.  1  col- 
lege, 8  students,  2  acad.  175  students,  2  sch.  169 
scholars.    Pop.  2,989. 

Bethlehem,  p-t.,  Stark  co.,  O.,  on  the  Tus- 
carawas r.,  near  the  Ohio  canal.  It  has  some 
good  water  power.  The  soil  is  good.  The  land 
is  rolling  on  the  e.  side  of  the  r.,  and  hilly  on  the 
w.    It  has  3  sch.  82  scholars.    Pop.  2,019. 

Bethlehem,  t.,  Coshocton  co.,  O.  Drained 
by  Walhonding  r.    Pop.  827. 

Bethlehem,  p-v.,  Clark  co.,  la.,  on  the  w. 
bank  of  the  Ohio  r.,  26  Louisville,  Ky.,  104  s.  by 
E.  Indianapolis,  585  W. 

Bethlehem,  v.,  Oglethorpe  co.,  Ga.,  65  n.  n. 
e.  Milledgeville.  Contains  a  Presbyterian  church, 
an  academy,  and  several  dwellings. 

Bethlehem  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Southampton 
co.,  Va.,  80  s.  by  E.  Richmond,  199  W. 

Bethlem,  p-t.,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct.,  43  w.  s. 
w.  Hartford,  32  n.  w.  by  w.  New  Haven,  315 
W.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  the  soil  a  fertile 
gravelly  loam.  It  is  a  small  t.  4£  miles  long  by 
4  wide,  containing  18  sq.  miles.  The  head 
waters  of  Pomperaug  r.,  a  branch  of  the  Housa- 
tonic  r.,  afford  some  water  power.  The  village 
contains  2  churches — 1  Congregational  and  1 
Episcopal— 2  stores,  cap.  $5,000 ;  1  fulling  m., 
2  distilleries,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man 
ufac  $3,230.    9  sch.  200  scholars.    Pop.  776. 


Bethsaida,  p-o 
SffiSd,',S  P-O.,  Seneca  c„„  O.,  101  N.  Co- 
*"$%££  »-«  •*•  N-  h  96  *  Trenton, 
"SEl™™*..  p-o  Alleghany  co,  Md.,  144  „. 
WBbEyvEWa,*np-r£  x  coI'Ms.,  16  n. -,  Bo«on, 
45?  W  It  &  N.  of  Salem,  to  winch  it  ...  con- 
nected by  a  bridge  1,500  feet  long.  The  mhabi- 
«„tareychieflygemployed  in  commerce ;  nnd*e 

are  in  the  1. 1  com.  house,  cap.  $10,000  ,  22  stores, 

^,!fSmc.73es,|:  2i«'st=; 

10  sch.  828  scholars.    Pop.  4,689 

Beverly,  p-v.,  capital  of  Randolph  co.,  Va 
205  nw   Richmond  232  W 


.,  on  the  Eastern 
It  is  laid  out  in  3 


Fork  of  the  Monongahela  r. 
parallel  streets,  and  has  a  court  house  jail,  and 
county  offices,  and  about  20  dwehngs  1  he 
country  immediately  around  it  is  well  cultivated, 
and  foJ several  miles  in  every  direction,  appears 
like  an  extended  village. 

Beverly,  p-v.,  Anson  co.,  JN.  U,  w  s.  w. 
Raleigh,  406  W.  .  Q7 

Beverly,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  O.,  87  s.  E. 
Columbus,  321  W.    Pop.  315. 

Beverly,  p-o.,  Adams  co.,  111.,  78  w.  Spring 
field,  858  W.  tt      „  n    1Ua 

Bevis'  Tavern,  p-o.,  Hamilton  co.,  O,  114  s. 
w.  Columbus,  504  W. 

Bexar,  p-o.,  Coweta  co.,  Ga.,  w.  by  ff.  Mil- 

^Sfcounty,  Ga.,  in  the  central  part  of  the 
state,  contains  450  sq.  ms.  Drained  by  the  Oc- 
mulgee  r.  The  soil  in  the  s.  part  is  sandy,  m  the 
n.  red  loam.  Capital,  Macon  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  4,137  sheep  1,178,  swine  7  913 ; 
wheat  4,560  bush,  produced,  WL> com  143,145, 
oats5,660, potatoes §,370  cotton ^1>26 1,000 pounds; 
9  commission  houses  in  for.  trade,  cap.  $75,00U  , 
82  stores,  cap.  $385,000;  9  lumber  yards,  cap. 
7  500  •  9  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.,  3  printing  offices,  1 
bindery,  1  periodical,  3  weekly  newspapers  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $132,100.  1  college,  150  students, 
3  acad.  200  students,  2  sch.  75  scholars.  Pop. 
1830,  7,154 ;  1840,  whites  5,355,  slaves  4,420,  free 
col'd  27 ;  total,  9,802.  ■  ■•-£- 

Bibb,  county,  Ala.,  in  the  central  part  of  the 
state,  contains  800  sq.  ms.  Drained  by  the  Ca- 
hawba  r.  Capital,  Centreville.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  8,711,  sheep  2,340,  swine  11,480  ; 
wheat  23,418  bush,  produced,  rye  1,263,  md.  corn 
235,237,  oats  20,533,  potatoes  16,153,  tobacco  7 ,724 
pounds,  cotton  268,408;  5  stores,  cap.  $13,700;  3 
forges,  1  cotton  fac.  984  sp.,  2  tanneries,  10  distil- 
leries, 2  flouring  m.,  27  grist  m.,  21  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $37,122.  15  sch.  418  scholars.  >  Pop. 
1830,  6,306 ;  1840,  whites  6,256,  slaves  2,023,  free 
col'd  5;  total,  8,284. 

Bickley's  Mills,  po.,  Russell  co.,  Va.,  S6H 
w.  by  s.  Richmond,  397  W. 

Biddeford,  t.,  York  co.,  Me.,  is  on  the  s.  side 
of  Saco  r.,  and  connected  with  the  town  of  Saco 
by  a  bridge.  It  extends  to  the  ocean,  and  has  a 
revolving  light  off  the  mouth  of  the  Saco  r.  It 
has  15  stores,  cap.  $7,500;  1  furnace,  1  fulling 
m,  2  tanneries,  1  pottery,  2  grist  m.,  9  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $16,450.  13  sch.  563  scholars. 
Pop.  2,574.  ,  ;      L 

Big  Beaver,  t,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  4,500 ;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.    Cap. 


BIG 

nufac.  $4,350.    9  sch.  295  scholars.     Pop. 

1  339 
1  Big  Bend,  p-o.,  Venango  co.,  Pa. 

Big  Black,  r.,  Miss.,  has  a  course  of  160  miles, 
and  falls  into  the  Mississippi. 

Big  Blue  r.,  rises  in  the  Indian  territory,  and 

%elr^L?;tiancSscon,cSo,i53w.N.w. 

*ft«&#;  Western ,t    Oneida  CO.,  N. 

Y.,  104  w.  by  n.  Albany,  404  W. 

Bigbyville,  p-o.,  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  60  s.  by 
w.  Nashville,  732  W. 

Big  Coal,  p-o.,  Kanhawa  co.,  Va. 

Big  Creek,  p-o.,  Stokes  co,  N.  C,  142  n.  w. 

^ttcTl,'^,  Phillips  co.,  Ark.,  103  e^  Lit- 
tle Rock,  1,030  W.  It  has  2  grist  m,  1  sch.  10 
scholars.    Pop.  392. 

Big  Creek,  p-o.,  Johnson  co.  Mo,  lis  w.  by 
n.  Jefferson  city,  1,050  W.  .  • 

Big  Creek,  t.  Van  Buren  co.  Mo,  3  sch.  »<5 
scholars.    Pop.  1,106. 
Big  Creek,  t,  Crawford  co    Ark.    Pop.  225 
Big  Creek,  t.  Rives  co.  Mo.    It  has  2  sch. 
36  scholars.    Pop.  431. 
Big  Creek,  a  small  branch  of  White  r.  Ark. 
Bigelow's  Mill,  p-o,  Laporte  co,  la,  140  n. 
by  w.  Indianapolis,  674  W. 

Big  Eagle,  p-o,  Scott  co,  Ky. 
Big  Equinunck,  p-o,  Wayne  co.  Pa,  95  n. 
e.  Harrisburg,  291  W. 

Big  Flats,  p-t,  Chemung  co,  N.Y,204s  w. 
Albany,  5  w.  Elmira,  284  W.  Surface  generally 
uneven,  excepting  on  the  r  Watered  by  Che- 
mung r.  and  its  branches.  The  navigable  feedei 
of  Chemung  canal,  and  the  New  York  and  Erie 
railroad  pass  through  the  t  The  y.  is  on  the  N. 
side  of  the  Chemung  r,  and  contains  1  Presbyte- 
rian and  1  Episcopal  church,  2  stores,  30  dwel- 
lings and  200  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t,  3 
sto?es,  cap.  $10,200;  1  tannery,  l/'stilkjy  1 
brewery,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  fe  14,600. 
7  sch.  385  scholars.    Pop.  l,37o. 

Big  Hatchy,  r,  Tenn,  after  a  course  of  100 
ms.  falls  into  the  Mississippi  in  Tipton  co. 

Big  Hollow,  p-o,  Windham  t,  Greene  co, 
N.  Y,  54  s.  by  w.  Albany,  361  W. 

Big  Island,  p-t,  Marion  co,  O,  47  w.  by  n. 
Columbus,  421 W.  The  v.  contains  several  stores 
and  25  or  30  dwellings.  In  the  t.  are  1  tannery, 
1  distillery,  1  grist  m,  3  saw  m  Cap.  m  manufac. 
$1,400.  3  sch.  120  scholars.  Pop  of  the  t.  554. 
Big  Lick,  t,  Hancock  co,  O.    2  sch.  74  scho- 

Bia  Lick,  p-o,  Roanoke  co,  Va,  172  w.  Rich- 
mond, 241  W.  MJ 

Big  Mills,  p-o,  Dorchester  co,  Md,  75  s.  E. 
Annapolis,  115  W.  ti 

Big  Prairie,  t.  New  Madnd  co.  Mo.  lacad. 
25  students.    Pop.  624. 

Big  Prairie,  p-o,  Clinton  t,  Wayne  co,  O, 
84  n.  e.  Columbus,  353  W. 

Big  River  Mills,  p-o,  St.  Francis  co.  Mo, 
149  s.  e.  Jefferson  city,  911  W.  n^,-. 

Big  River,  t,  Jefferson  co.  Mo.  It  has  1  sch. 
18  scholars.    Pop.  965. 

Big  Rock,  p-o,  Sumter  co,  Ala,  121  s.  w. 
Tuscaloosa,  939  W. 

Big  Sandy,  river,  formed  by  the  junction  of  e. 
and  w.  Forks,  rises  in  Virginia,  and  enters  the 
Ohio  at  Catletsburg,  Ky .  It  forms,  in  its  E.  Fork, 
the  boundary  between  Va.  and  Ky,  for  nearly 
200  ms.  m 

Big  Spring,  p-o,  Wilson  co,  Tenn,  39  e. 
Nashville,  645  W. 
Big  Spring,  p-o,  Breckenridge  co,  Ky. 


BIR 


65 


BLA 


Big  Spring,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Mo.,  50  n. 
e.  Jefferson  city,  900  W. 

Big  Springs,  t.,  Seneca  co.,  O.  Contains  3 
stores,  cap.  $1,300:  3  sch.  101  scholars.  Pop. 
925. 

Big  Spring,  p-o.,  Laporte  CO.,  la.,  151  n.  by 
w.  Indianapolis,  654  W. 

Big  Spring  Point,  p-v.,  Starkey  t.,  Yates  co., 
N.  Y.,  192  w.  Albany,  311  W. 

Big  Swamp,  p-o.,  Bladen  co.,  N.  C,  120s.  Ra- 
leigh, 408  W. 

Big  Valley,  p-o.,  Anderson  co.,  Tenn.,  184 
E.  by  N.  Nashville,  510  W. 

Big  Walnut,  r.,  an  easterly  branch  of  the 
Scioto  r.,  Q.,  55  ms.  long. 

Big  Woods,  p-o.,  Calcasieu  par.,  La. 

Billerica,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Ms.,  18  N.  w. 
Boston,  7  s.  s.  e.  Lowell,  450  W.  Watered  by 
Concord  and  Shawsheen  rs.,  which  afford  good 
water  power.  It  has  a  pleasant  village  in  the 
centre,  on  elevated  ground,  which  contains  an 
academy.  The  soil  is  good  and  well  cultivated, 
and  it  has  considerable  manufactures.  The  Mid- 
dlesex canal  and  Boston  and  Lowell  railroad  pass 
through  the  e.  part  of  the  t.  It  contains  3  churches, 

1  Congregationalist,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Unitarian. 
It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $7,300 ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  wool- 
len fac,  8  forges,  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  3  grist 
m.,  6  sawm.  Cap.  inmanufac.  $41,700.  1  acad. 
35  students,  10  sch.  340  scholars.     Pop.  1,632. 

Billingsville,  p-o.,  Union  co.,  la.,  74  e.  by  s. 
Indianapolis,  512  W. 

Biloxi,  p-v.,  Harrison  co.,  Miss.,  227  s.  e.  Jack- 
son, 1,155  W.  Situated  on  Biloxi  bay,  which  sets 
up  from  Pascagoula  bay,  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Bilton,  p-o.,  Logan  co.,  Va.,  376  w.  Richmond, 
413  W. 

Bingham,  p-t.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  60  n.  Augus- 
ta, 26  n.  Norridgewock,  655  W.  Situated  on  the 
E.  side  of  Kennebec  r.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $3,700 ; 

2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,700. 
10  sch.  358  scholars.     Pop.  751. 

Bingham,  p-t.,  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  181  N.  w.  Har- 
risburg,  295  W.  It  has  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $2,900.    5  sch.  98  scholars.    Pop.  453. 

Bingham,  t.,  Clinton  co.,  Mich. 

Binghamton,  p-v.,  Chenango  t.,  capital  of 
Broome  co.,  IN.  Y.,  138 s.  w.  Albany, 296  W.  Sit- 
uated  at  the  junction  of  the  Chenango  and  Sus- 
quehanna rivers.  Incorporated  in  1813,  and  has  a 
court  house,  jail,  county  clerk's  office,  an  acade- 
my, 9  churches,  2  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1 
Baptist,  2  Methodist,  1  Roman  Catholic,  and  2 
African.  It  has  45  stores,  4  warehouses,  2  flour- 
ing m.,  4  saw  m.,  1  furnace,  1  stave  factory,  2 
plaster  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  plough  factory,  1  cloth- 
dressing  establishment,  1  gun  and  rifle  factory,  2 
printing  offices,  and  various  other  manufactures. 
The  Chenango  canal  connects  it  with  the  Erie 
canal  at  Utica,  and  the  New  York  and  Erie  rail- 
road will  pass  through  it.  There  is  abridge  here 
over  the  Susquehanna,  and  another  over  the  Che- 
nango. It  is  surrounded  by  a  rich  agricultural 
country,  and  exports  a  large  amount  of  lumber. 
Pop.  2,800. 

Birchettsville,  p-o.,  Cleveland  co.,  N.  C. 

Birch  Pond,  p-o.,  Fayette  co.,  Term.,  199  s. 
w.  by  w.  Nashville,  884  W. 

Birch  River,  p-o.,  Nicholas  co.,  Va.,  330  n. 
w.  by  w.  Richmond,  302  W. 

Birdsall,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y.,  225  w. 
by  s.  Albany,  8  n.  e.  Angelica,  336  W.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  and  the  soil  clay  loam.  Drained 
by  Black  cr.  It  has  1  saw  m.,  3  sch.  105  scholars. 
Pop.  328. 

Birdsville,  p-v.,  Burke  oo.,  Ga.,  74  e.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  636  W. 

9 


Birmingham,  p-b.,  Warrior  Mark  t.,  Hunting- 
don co.,  Pa..  107  n.  w.  by  w.  Harrisburg,  166  W, 
on  the  w.  branch  of  the  Little  Juniata  r.  There 
is  a  lead  mine  and  iron  ore  near  the  v.     It  has 

1  church,  40  houses ;  6  stores,  cap.  $13,650.    Cap. 
in  manufac.  $4,787.     Pop.  235. 

Birmingham,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $1,000;  1  woollen  fac,  3  tanneries  2 
distilleries,  1  flouring  m.,  9  grist  m.,  10  saw  m. 
Cop.  in  manufac.  $16,060.  3  sch.  59  scholars. 
Pop.  605. 

Birmingham,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  has  1  store, 
cap.  2,500 ;  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $2,460.    2  sch.  137  scholars.    Pop.  312. 

Birmingham,  p-v.,  Florence  t.,  Erie  co.,  O.,  115 
n.  by  e.  Columbus,  338  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
bank  of  Vermillion  r.  It  contains  1  flouring  m.,  1 
saw  m.,  1  forge,  several  stores,  and  various  me- 
chanic shops,  and  is  a  growing  village. 

Birmingham,  p-v.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  19  N. 
w.  Detroit,  543  W.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on 
one  of  the  head  branches  of  Rouge  r.  It  has  4 
stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  furnace,  and  is  flourishing. 

Birmingham,  borough,  St.  Clair  t.,  Alleghany 
co.,  Pa.    (See  Pittsburg.) 

Bishopsville,  p-v.,  Sumpter  dist.  S.  C,  87  n. 
e.  by  e.  Columbia,  495  W. 

Bissell's,  p-o.,  Geauga  co.,  O.,  149  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 337  W. 

Bistineau,  lake,  Claiborne  par.,  La.,  35  miles 
long,  and  about  2  wide,  receives  Dacheet  r.,  and 
connects  with  the  Red  r.,  the  waters  of  which  it 
receives  as  a  reservoir,  in  the  wet  season,  and 
discharges  them  in  the  dry. 

Bivingsville,  p-o.,  Spartanburg  dist.,  S.  C, 
101  n.  w.  Columbia,  469  W. 

Black,  t.,  Posey  co.,  la.  It  has  10  stores,  cap. 
$186,000  ;  2  tanneries,  2  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,500.  10  sch.  300  scholars. 
Pop.  2,526. 

Blackberry,  p-o.,  Kane  co.,  111. 

Black  Bird,  p-o.,  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  18  n. 
Dover,  133  W. 

Black  Brook,  p-t.,  Clinton  co.,  N.  Y.,  20  s. 
w.  Plattsburg,  158  n.  Albany,  533  W.  Surface, 
hilly  and  mountainous,  covered  with  forests,  and 
abounds  in  iron  ore.  Drained  by  the  Saranac  and 
Au  Sable  rs.,  and  Black  brook.  It  has  6  stores, 
cap.  $14,400  ;  4  forges,  1  tannery,  9  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $20,850.  2  sch.  60  scholars.  Pop. 
1,064. 

Black  Creek,  p-v.,  New  Hudson  t.,  Allegha- 
ny co.,  N.  Y.,  275  w.  by  s.  Albany,  325  W.  The 
v.  has  1  store,  1  church,  and  12  or  15  dwellings. 

Black  Creek,  rises  in  New  Hudson  t.,  Alle- 
ghany co.,  N.  Y.,  and  runs  n.  e.  into  the  Gene 
see  r.  The  Genesee  Valley  canal  follows  the 
valley  of  this  cr.  a  considerable  distance,  after 
leaving  the  Genesee  r. 

Black  Creek,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  N.  C,  73  s.  e. 
Raleigh,  281  W. 

Black  Creek,  p-o.,  Scriven  co.,  Ga.,  128  e. 
by  s.  Milledgeville,  650  W. 

Black  Creek,  t.,  Mercer  co.,  O.    Pop.  339. 

Black  Creek,  p-o.,  Sullivan  co.,  la.,  96  s.  w. 
Indianapolis,  663  W. 

Blackface,  p-o.,  Nottaway  co.,  Va. 

Blackford,  county,  la.,  toward  the  n.  e.  part 
of  the  state,  contains  182  sq.  ms.  Established  in 
1838.  The  soil  is  generally  good,  and  in  the  s. 
part  excellent.  Drained  by  Salamanie  r.  and 
several  small  crs.  Capital,  Blackford  C.  H.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  1,015,  sheep  240,  swine 
2,902;  wheat  3,259  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
22,753,  oats  1,579,  potatoes  3,377,  sugar  746  lbs., 

2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.    Pop.  1,226. 


BLA 


66 


BLA 


Blackford,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  Hartford  t.,  capital  of 
Blackford  co.,  la.,  81  n.  e.  Indianapolis,  552  W. 
Black  Hawk,  p-o.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa. 
Black  Hawk,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  Miss.,  77  n. 
Jackson,  994  W. 

Black  Hawk,  p-t.,  Shelby  co.,  la.,  34  s.  e. 
Indianapolis,  577  W.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $2,500 ; 
Pop.  102. 

Black  Hole,  p-o.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  87  n.  by 
w.  Harrisburg,  197  W. 

Black  Horse,  p-o.,  Chester  t.,  Chester  co., 
Pa.,  57  s.  E.  Harrisburg,  127  W. 

Black  Horse,  p-o.,  Hartford  co.,  Md.,  57  n. 
by  e.  Annapolis,  67  W. 

Black  Legs,  p-o.,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  175  w.  by 
N.  Harrisburg,  215  W. 

Blackleysville,  p-v.,  Plain  t,  Wayne  co., 
O.,  94  n.  e.  Columbus,  353  W. 

Black  Oak,  p-o.,  Charleston  dist.,  S.  C,  139 
s  E.  by  s.  Columbia,  527  W. 

Black  Oak,  p-o.,  Tallahatchie  co.,  Miss.,  128 
Jackson,  975  W. 

Black,  r.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  35  ms.  long,  enters 
Connecticut  r.  at  Springfield. 

Black,  r.,  Lorain  co.,  O.,  formed  of  2  branches, 
which  unite  half  a  mile  below  Elyria.  Just  above 
their  junction,  they  have  each  a  fall  of  45  feet, 
affording  fine  mill  seats.  The  united  stream  en- 
ters Lake  Erie. 

Black,  r.,  N.  Y.,  the  third  in  size  which  flows 
wholly  within  the  state.  It  rises  in  Herkimer  co., 
and  after  a  course  of  108  ms.,  falls  into  Black  r. 
bay  at  the  foot  of  Lake  Ontario.  At  Leyden,  in 
the  s.  E.  part  of  Lewis  county,  the  r.  falls  63  feet, 
from  which  to  Carthage,  in  the  s.  E.  part  of  Jeffer- 
son co.,  a  distance  of  40  ms.,  the  r.  is  navigable 
for  boats.  Below  Carthage  to  its  mouth,  it  has 
many  rapids,  and  cannot  be  navigated.  The  land 
on  its  borders,  in  its  lower  parts,  is  exceedingly 
fertile,  and  has  a  dense  population.  From  the 
foot  of  the  falls  of  Leyden,  the  Black  r.  canal  ex- 
tends to  the  Erie  canal  at  Rome,  which,  with  the 
river  navigation  to  Carthage,  will,  when  complet- 
ed, make  a  distance  in  the  whole,  of  85  miles. 

Black,  r.,  N.  C,  one  of  the  e.  branches  of 
Cape  Fear  r.,  which  it  enters  23  ms.  above  Wil- 
mington. 

Black,  r.,  S.  C,  the  s.  w.  branch  of  Great  Pe- 
dee  r.,  which  it  enters  3  ms.  above  Georgetown. 

Black,  r.,  Ark.,  rises  in  Missouri,  and  after  re- 
ceiving several  large  rivers  from  the  n.  w.,  enters 
White  r.  80  ms.  from  the  n.  boundary  of  Arkan- 
sas. 

Black,  r.,  Mich.,  has  a  course  of  18  ms.,  and 
discharges  its  waters  into  L.  Michigan,  between 
Allegan  and  Ottawa  counties.  5  ms.  from  its 
mouth,  it  expands  into  Black  lake,  but  contracts 
to  its  usual  breadth  before  entering  the  lake.  A 
fine  harbor  might  be  made  at  its  mouth. 

Black  River,  p-t.,  Lorain  co.,  O.,  130  n.  n.  e. 
Columbus,  387  W.  It  is  a  small  t.,  which  lies  on 
both  sides  of  Black  r.,  and  adjoins  Lake  Erie. 
The  v.  at  the  mouth  of  the  r.  on  Lake  Erie,  has 
a  good  harbor,  and  considerable  trade.  The  t. 
contains  1  foreign  commission  house,  cap.  $50,000 ; 
4  retail  stores,  cap.  $10,750;  2  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$38,000.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,000.  3  sch.  67 
scholars.  Pop.  668. 
Black  River,  t.,  St.  Francis  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  101. 
Black  River,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1 
sch.  20  scholars.    Pop.  685. 

Black  River,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  528. 
Black  River,  t.,  Independence  co.,  Ark.    It 
has  1  grist  m.     Pop.  476. 

Black  River,  t.,  Lawrence  co.,  Ark.  Pop.  100. 
Black  River,  p-o.,  Rutland  t.,  Jefferson  co., 
N.  Y. 


Black  River  Chapel,  p-o.,  New  Hanover 
co.,  N.  C,  126  s.  by  e.  Raleigh,  356  W. 

Black  Rock,  p-v.,  Black  Rock  t.,  Erie  co.,  N. 
Y.,  near  the  foot  of  Lake  Erie,  2£  ms.  below  the 
city  of  Buffalo,  of  which  it  may  be  considered  a 
suburb,  and  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  rail- 
road; 290  Albany  by  land,  316  by  the  Erie  canal, 
383  W-  Incorporated  1837.  It  contains  300 
dwellings,  and  about  1,800  inhabitants.  It  has  1 
church,  10  stores  and  groceries,  5  warehouses,  4 
flouring  m.  with  25  run  of  stones,  2  saw  m.,  2  oil 
m.,  2  distilleries,  1  iron  foundry,  1  machine  shop, 
and  various  other  manufacturing  establishments. 
The  harbor  is  formed  by  an  immense  stone  pier, 
or  mole,  projecting  into  Niagara  r.,  built  by  the 
state  of  New  York,  for  the  double  purpose  of 
forming  a  safe  and  convenient  harbor  for  vessels 
on  the  lake,  and  canal  boats  which  here  enter  the 
lake,  and  also  for  securing  to  the  Erie  canal  an 
abundance  of  water,  directly  from  the  lake,  east- 
ward, as  far  as  Montezuma,  nearly  half  its  entire 
length.  By  means  of  the  mole,  an  immense  wa- 
ter power  is  obtained  at  Black  Rock.  There 
were  received  in  1840,  511,984  bushels  of  wheat, 
and  244,700  barrels  of  flour  manufactured.  There 
is  a  ferry  here  across  to  Waterloo  in  Canada. 

Black  Rock,  t.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y.  It  extends 
on  3  sides  of  Buffalo,  from  which  it  is  centrally 
distant  3  ms.  The  surface  is  mostly  undulating, 
with  an  alluvial  soil  intermixed  with  clay.  Squaw 
and  Strawberry  islands,  each  containing  about 
100  acres,  belong  to  this  t.  It  has  10  sch.  396 
scholars.    Pop.  3,625. 

Black  Rock,  p-o.,  Rappahannock  co.,  Va.j  131 
n.  n.  w.  Richmond,  83  W. 

Blacks,  p-o.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  53  E.  Augusta, 
647  W. 

Blacks  and  Whites,  p-o.,  Nottaway  co.,  Va., 
60  s.  w.  Richmond,  179  W. 

Black's  Bluff,  p-o.,  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  109  s. 
by  e.  Tuscaloosa,  901  W. 

Blacksburg,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Va.,  212 
s.  w.  Richmond,  278  W. 

Blacksnake  Hills,  p-o.,  Buchanan  co.,  Mo. 

Black  Stocks,  p-o.,  Chester  dist.,  S.  C,  46 
N.  by  w.  Columbia,  463  W. 

Blackstone,  p-o.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  40  s. 
w.  Boston,  418  W. 

Blackstone,  r.,  or  Pawtucket,  rises  in  Wor- 
cester co.,  Mass.,  and  enters  Providence,  R.  I., 
where  it  affords  a  great  water  power,  and  has 
given  birth  to  numerous  factories.  The  Black- 
stone canal  from  Worcester  to  Providence,  fol- 
lows the  course  of  this  r.  This  canal  is  45  miles 
long,  was  completed  in  1829,  and  cost  $700,000. 

Black's  Store,  p-o.,  Tippah  co.,  Miss.,  224 
Jackson,  858  W. 

Blacksville,  p-v.,  Monongalia  co.,  Va.,  300 
N.  w.  Richmond,  233  W.  Situated  at  the  junc- 
tion of  Robert's  Run  and  Drunkard's  cr.,  50  miles 
from  its  entrance  into  the  Monongahela  r.  The 
village  is  on  the  line  between  Va.  and  Pa.,  and 
contains  2  stores,  1  tannery,  several  mechanic 
shops,  and  12  or  14  dwellings.  The  creek  is 
navigable  to  this  place,  and  boat  building  is  car- 
ried on.  The  country  around  is  uneven,  but  very 
fertile. 

Black  Swamps,  p-o.,  Sandusky  co.,  O.,  113 
N.  Columbus,  431  W. 

Blackville,  p-o.,  Bamwell  dist.,  S.  C,  90  s. 
s.  w.  Columbia,  594  W. 

Black  Walnut,  p-o.,  Halifax  co.,Va.,  138  s. 
w.  Richmond,  225  W. 

Black  Warrior,  r.,  Ala., is  formed  by  2head 
branches,  Locust  Fork  or  Eastern  Branch,  and 
Mulberry  r.,  which  unite  in  the  s.  w.  part  of 
Jackson  co.    Below  their  junction  the  r.  passes 


BLA. 


67 


BLE 


Tuscaloosa,  and  after  a  course  of  80  miles  enters 
the  Tombigbee.  The  whole  course  of  the  r.  to 
its  extreme  source  is  about  160  ms.  It  is  navi- 
gable for  steamboats  to  Tuscaloosa,  and  for  boats 
much  further. 

Blackwatkr,  r.,  Merrimac  co.,  N.  H.,  enters 
the  Contoocook  in  Hopkinton. 

Blackwatkr,  r.,  Va.,  rises  in  Prince  George 
county,  and  after  a  course  of  about  70  ms.  enters 
the  Nottaway  r.  nearly  on  the  boundary  between 
Va.  and  N.  C. 

Blackwatkr,  t.,  Pettis  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  197. 

Blackwatkr,  p-o.,  Kemper  co.,  Miss.,  224  w. 
N.  w.  Jackson,  858  W. 

Blackwatkr,  p-o.,  Johnston  county,  Mo.,  110 
Jefferson  city,  1,046  W. 

Blackwells,  p-o.,  Caswell  co.,  N.  C,  94  n. 
w.  Raleigh,  270  W. 

Blackwkll's  Island,  in  the  East  river,  op- 
posite New  York.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  city  peni- 
tentiary. There  is  a  lunatic  asylum  on  the  n. 
end. 

Bladen,  county,  N.  C,  is  in  the  s.  part  of  the 
state,  and  contains  1,200  sq.  miles.  Drained  by 
Cape  Fear  r.  It  has  South  r.,  a  branch  of  Cape 
Fear  r.,  on  its  n.  e.  boundary.  Capital,  Elizabeth. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,789,  sheep  5,855, 
swine  21,668 ;  wheat  1,549  bushels  produced,  In- 
dian corn  180,705,  oats  4,954,  potatoes  55,141, 
rice  74,787  pounds,  cotton  53,193,  tar,  pitch,  &c. 
14,281  barrels;  11  stores,  cap.  $29,600;  18  dis- 
tilleries, 83  grist  m.,  21  saw  m.  1  acad.  11  stu- 
dents, 23  sch.  384  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  7,801 ; 
1810,  whites  4,317,  slaves  3,413,  free  col'd  292 ; 
total,  8,022. 

Bladensburg,  p-v.,  Prince  George  co.,  Md., 
6  n.  e.,  Washington,  a  little  s.  of  the  railroad  to 
Baltimore,  34  w.  Annapolis.  It  has  3  churches — 
1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist — 
an  academy,  8  stores,  60  dwellings,  1  flouring  m., 
1  grist  m.  Pop.  400.  There  is  a  mineral  spring 
in  the  village.  The  country  around  is  fertile, 
producing  tobacco,  Indian  corn,  &c 

Bladensburg,  p-o.,  Knox  county,  Ohio,  61  n. 
e.  Columbus,  362  W. 

Blandford,  t,  Hampden  co.,Ms.,  114  w.  Bos- 
ton. Incorporated  in  1741.  Branches  of  West- 
field  r.  produce  water  power.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$3,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries, 
1  paper  fac,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $26,200.     7  sch.  236  scholars.     Pop.  1,427. 

Blaine,  p-o.,  Lawrence  co.,  Ky.,  139  e.  Frank- 
fort, 455  W. 

Blaine's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Granger  county, 
Tenn.,  202  e.  Nashville,  480  W. 

Blair's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Roane  county,  Tenn.,  165 
E.  Nashville,  582  W. 

Blairstown,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  N.  J.,  74  n.  by 
w.  Trenton,  229  W. 

Blairsville,  p-b.,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  171  w.  by 
N.  Harrisburg,  199  W.  Incorporated  in  1825 
It  is  on  Kiskiminitas  r.,  at  the  junction  of  Black 
Lick  cr.,  and  on  the  line  of  the  Pennsylvania  and 
Ohio  canal.  It  has  some  substantial  brick  and 
stone  buildings,  5  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1 
Methodist,  1  German  Lutheran,  and  1  Roman 
Catholic;  14  stores,  cap.  $45,900;  1  furnace,  1 
fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  3  tanneries,  1  flouring 
m.,  3  grist  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  news- 
paper. Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,500;  1  school,  255 
scholars.     Pop.  990. 

Blairsville,  p-o.,  York  dist.,  S.  C,  83  n.  Co- 
lumbia, 440  W. 

Blairsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Union  co.,  Ga., 
118  n.  n.  w.  Milledgeville,  617  W. 

Blairsville,  p-v.,  Posey  co.,  la.,  183  &.  w. 
Indianapolis,  741  W. 


Blakki.kv,  p-t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  150  n.  e. 
Harrisburg  254  W.      Watered   by    Lackawan- 

QOCk  r.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $3,:!()0;  2  llouring 
m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $8,300.  A  s.-h. 
100  scholars.     Pop.  570. 

Blakely,  p-o.,  Stokes  co.,  N.  C,  127  N.  w. 
Raleigh,  307  W. 

Blakely,  p-v..  capital  of  Early  co.,  Ga.,  203 
s.  w.  Milledgeville,  850  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  an  academy,  and  8  dwellings. 

Blakely,  p-v.,  port  of  entry,  and  cap.  of  Bald- 
win co.,  Ala.,  situated  on  the  e.  side  of  the  Ten- 
saw  r.,  the  e.  outlet  of  Mobile  r.,  opposite  to  Mo- 
bile. The  harbor  admits  vessels  drawing  11  feet 
of  water.  The  town  stands  on  a  healthy  and 
pleasant  spot,  and  is  well  supplied  with  good 
water.  It  contains  a  court  house,  10  stores,  and 
many  neat  dwellings. 

Blanciiard,  p-t.,  Piscatiquis  co.,  Me.,  73  n. 
by  E.  Augusta,  668  W. 

Blanciiard's  Fork,  the  e.  branch  of  Auglaize 
r.,  Ohio. 

Blanciiard's  Bridge,  p-v.,  Blanchard  t.,  Han- 
cock county,  O.,  80  n.  by  w.  Columbus,  451  W. 
Tha  village  contains  71  inhabitants.  In  the  t. 
are  4  sch.  215  scholars.     Pop.  629. 

Blanciiard,  t.,  Hardin  co.,  O.  Drained  by 
Blanciiard's  Fork  of  Auglaize  river,  and  has  1 
saw  m.     Pop.  241. 

Blanciiard,  t.,  Putnam  co.,  O.    Pop.  688. 

Blanchard,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  O.    Pop.  74. 

Blanchkster,  p-o.,  Marion  t.,  Clinton  county, 
O.,  80  n.  by  w.  Augusta,  663  W. 

Bland's  Mills,  p-o.,  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  149  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  691  W. 

Blaney,  p-o.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa,  155  n.  Harris- 
burg, 266  W. 

Blanford,  p-t.,  Hampden  co.,  Ms.,  110  w.  by 
s.  Boston,  370  W.  Watered  by  branches  of 
Westfield  r.,  which  afford  good  water  power. 
The  surface  is  uneven  and  the  soil  iertile.  It 
has  2  stores,  cap.  $3,000;  1  fulling  m.,  1  wool- 
len fac,  2  tanneries,  1  paper  fac,  1  grist  m.,  4 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $36,200.  7  sch.  236 
scholars.     Pop.  1,427. 

Blauveltville,  p-v.,  Orangetown  t.,  Rock- 
land co.,  N.  Y.,  131  s.  Albany,  259  W. 

Blawenburg,  p-o.,  Somerset  co.,  N.  J.,  15  n. 
by  e.  Trenton,  187  W. 

Bledsoe,  county,  Tenn.,  in  the  s.  e.  part  of 
the  state,  contains  about  500  sq.  miles.  Drained 
principally  by  Sequatchie  r.  Surface  uneven — 
in  some  parts  mountainous.  Capital,  Pike- 
ville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,798, 
sheep  3,802,  swine  27,709 ;  wheat  22,932  bushels 
produced,  rye  2,357,  Indian  corn  341,014,  oats 
64,739,  potatoes  7,622,  tobacco  7,241  pounds,  cot- 
ton 8,028 ;  14  stores,  cap.  $33,000 ;  6  tanneries, 
14  distilleries,  15  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac  $2,350.  1  acad.  30  students,  8  sch.  215 
scholars.  Pop.  1830,4,648;  1840,  whites  5,010, 
slaves  538,  free  col'd  128;  total,  5,676. 

Bleeker,  p-t.,  Fulton  co.,  N.  Y.  The  surface 
is  hilly  and  mountainous,  and  but  little  cultivated. 
Drained  by  Caroga  cr.,  and  some  tributaries  of 
Sacondaga  r.  It  has  1  tannery,  6  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $7,475.   4  sch.  72  scholars.   Pop.  346. 

Blendon,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  O.,  11  n.  Colum- 
bus, 404  W.  Incorporated  in  1815,  by  the  name 
of  Harrison ;  changed  in  1824.  Drained  by  Alum 
and  Big  Walnut  creeks,  wliich  furnish  mill  seats. 
It  constituted  a  part  of  the  United  States  military 
lands.  It  has  1  acad.  50  students,  2  sch.  188 
scholars.    Pop.  972. 

Blenden  Institute,  p-v.,  Franklin  co.,  O. 

Blenham,  Schoharie  co.,  N.  Y.  4  stores,  cap. 
$3,500;  2  fulling m.,  1  woollen  fac,  3  tanneries> 


BLO 


68 


BLO 


S^mTm  ,  18  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $35,900. 
1  lead.  25  students,  19  sch.  728  scholars.    Pop. 


2  7")5 

'  Bl'issfield,  p-v.,  Blissfield  t.,  Lenawee  co., 
Mich.,  71  s.  w.  Detroit,  489  W  Situated  on  the 
n.  bank  of  the  Raisin  r.,  on  the  Erie  and  Kala- 
mazoo railroad,  and  has  4  stores  and  60  dwell- 
ings. It  has  4  sch.  141  scholars.  Pop.  7/8. 
Blissville,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co  111. 
Biock  Island,  constitutes  the  township  of 
Newshoreham,  Newport  co.,  R.  I.  It  lies  in  the 
Atlantic  ocean,  14  s.  s.  w.  Point  Judith.  It  is  8 
miles  long,  and  from  2  to  4  broad.  The  surface 
is  uneven,  and  some  parts  of  it  elevated ;  the 
soil  is  sandy  and  gravelly  loam,  and  fertile. 
There  are  several  ponds  on  the  island,  lhe 
people  are  chiefly  employed  in  fishing,  though 
the  island  was  formerly  celebrated  for  its  cattle 
and  its  dairies.  It  has  no  harbor.  Incorporated 
in  1672. 

Blockley,  t,  Philadelphia  co.,  Pa.  The  surface 
is  gently  inclined;  soil,  sandy  loam.  Watered 
by  Mill  and  Cobb  creeks.  It  has  elegant  country 
seats  on  the  Schuylkill  r.  It  contains  the  county 
almshouse;  2  foreign  commission  stores,  cap. 
$3,500 ;  16  ret.  stores,  cap.  $15,700 ;  3  fulling  m., 
4  woollen  fac,  3  cotton  fac.  728  sp.,  3  dyeing  and 
printing  estab.,  1  ropewalk,  1  flouring  m.,  2  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $116,600.  1  acad. 
14  students,  6  schools,  370  scholars.  Pop.  3,318. 
Bloody  Run,  p-v.,  Providence  t.,  Bedford  co., 
Pa.,  95  w.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  121  W.  Situated 
on  the  s.  side  of  Roystown  branch  of  Juniata  r., 
and  contains  1  Methodist  church,  of  stone,  2 
stores,  and  25  or  30  dwellings. 

Bloom,  p-t.,  Seneca  co.,  O.,  86  n.  Columbus, 
420  W.  Watered  by  Honey  cr.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $100 ;  2  grist  m..  6  saw  m.,  8  sch.  127  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,168. 

Bloom,  t.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  10  N.  E.  Dan- 
ville. Watered  by  Susquehanna  r.  and  Fishing 
cr.  Surface  level,  and  soil  sandy  and  calcareous 
loam.  The  v.  is  on  Fishing  cr.  It  has  10  stores, 
cap.  $50,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tan- 
neries, I  distillery,  1  pottery,  1  flouring  m.,  2  grist 
m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $37,160.  1  acad.  20  students,  6  sch. 
260  scholars.     Pop.  1,774. 

Bloom,  t.,  Morgan  co.,  O.,  on  the  Muskingum 
r.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $1,957 ;  3  saw  m.,  7  sch. 
250  scholars.    Pop.  1,388. 

Bloom,  t,  Sciota  county,  O.  It  has  6  sch.  96 
scholars.     Pop.  913. 

Bloom,  t,  Fairfield  co.,  O.     Pop.  2,301. 
Ohio.     It  has  2  sch. 


$9,000;  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,400.  5  sch.  123 
scholars.    Pop.  986. 

Bloomfield,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  N.  J.,  54  n.  e. 
Trenton,  4  n.  Newark,  224  W.  The  village  has 
3  churches— 1  Presbyterian  and  2  Methodist— 
12  stores,  an  academy,  2  woollen  fac,  1  maho- 
gany saw  m.,  1  cotton  fac,  1  calico  printing  works, 
2  saw  m.,  1  paper  m.,  1  grist  m.,  and  300  dwell- 
ings. Pop.  about  1,800.  There  are  in  the  town, 
one  fulling  m.,  1  dyeing  and  printing  estab.,  1  tan- 
nery, 1  distillery,  3  paper  fac.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac $111,000.  2  acad.  60  students,  8  schools,  255 
scholars.     Pop.  2,528. 

Bloomfield,  p-v.,  Bloomfield  t,  Crawford  co., 
Pa.,  243  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  324  W.  It  has  1  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $35,400.  4  sch. 
76  scholars.     Pop.  564. 

Bloomfield,  v.,  capital  Juniata  t,  Perry  co.,  Pa. 
It  has  1  acad.  20  students,  1  school,  116  scholars. 
Pop.  412.     (See  New  Bloomfield.) 

Bloomfield,  p-v.,  Loudon  county,  Va.,  135  N. 
Richmond,  54  W. 

Bloomfield,  p-v.,  Nelson  county,  Ky.,  43  s. 
w.  Frankfort,  585  W. 

Bloomfield,  p-t.,  Knox  co.,  O.,  46  N.  N.  E. 
Columbus,  391  W.    Pop.  1,251. 

Bloomfield,  t.,  La  Grange  co.,  la.  It  has  3 
saw  m.,  2  sch.  37  scholars.     Pop.  307. 

Bloomfield,  p-v.,  capital  of  Greene  co.,  la., 
74  s.  w.  Indianapolis,  641  W.  Situated  on  the 
e.  side  of  the  w.  branch  of  White  river.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  2  churches,  1  Presbyterian  and 
1  Methodist,  a  seminary,  and  6  stores.  Pop.  700. 
Bloomfield,  p-v.,  Edgar  co.,  111.,  128  e.  by  s. 
Springfield,  662  W. 

Bloomfield,  p-v.,  capital  of  Stoddard  co.,  Mo., 
233  s.  e.  Jefferson  city,  957  W.    It  contains  a 


Bloom,  t.,  Wood  co 
scholars.     Pop.  398. 

Bloomfield,  p-t.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  35  n. 
Augusta,  630  W.  It  lies  on  the  Kennebec  river. 
Incorporated  in  1814,  and  is  an  excellent  town- 
ship of  land.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $6,000 ;  1  tan- 
nery, 2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$14,800.  1  acad.  50  students,  8  sch.  442  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,093. 

Bloomfield,  p-t,  Essex  county,  Vt.,  90  n.  e. 
Montpelier,  587  W.  It  lies  on  the  w.  side  of ' 
Connecticut  r.,  and  is  watered  by  branches  of 
Nulhegan  r.  It  has  1  saw  m.,  2  sch.  62  scholars. 
Pop.  179. 

Bloomfield,  p-t.,  Hartford  co.,  Ct.,  7  n.  w. 
Hartford,  343  W.  Incorporated  1835.  Formed 
from  Farmington,  Windsor,  and  Simsbury,  and 
formerly  known  as  a  parish  of  the  former,  by  the 
name  of  Wintonbury.  Drained  by  Wood  river, 
which  unites  with  Mill  r.,  and  enters  the  Con- 
necticut, in  the  city  of  Hartford.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile and  well  cultivated.    It  contains  1  Congre- 


court  house  and  several  dwellings. 

Bloomfield,  t.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.  Drained 
by  the  n.  branch  of  Rouge  r.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $6,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  distilleries,  3  flouring 
m.,  3  grist  m„  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$58,180.    8  sch.  500  scholars.     Pop.  1,508. 

Bloomfield,  t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  15  n.  War- 
ren, 175  n.  e.  Columbus.    Pop.  554. 

Bloomfield,  t.,  Richland  county,  O.,  15  s.  E. 

Mansfield,  60  n.  e.  Columbus.     Pop.  1,294. 

Bloomfield,  t.,  Logan  co.,  Ohio.    Pop.  565. 

Bloomfield,  t.,  Jackson  co.,  O.    Drained  by 

branch  of  Racoon  cr.    It  has  2  saw  m.,  1  sch. 

15  scholars.    Pop.  721. 

Bloomingburg,  p-v.,  Mamakating  t,  Sullivan 
county,  N.  Y.,  23  w.  Newburgh,  100  s.  w.  by  s. 
Albany,  285  W.  Incorporated  in  1833.  It  has 
1  Dutch  Reformed  and  1  Associate  Reformed 
church,  5  stores,  80  dwellings,  and  500  inhabi- 
tants. It  is  surrounded  by  a  fertile  country,  and 
is  a  pleasant  village. 

Bloomingburg,  p-v.,  Paint  t.,  Fayette  co.,  O., 
45  s.  s.  w.  Columbus,  246  W. 

Bloomingdale,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  O.,  124  E. 
n.  e.  Columbus,  279  W. 

Bloomingdale,  p-o.,  Dupage  co.,  111.,  211  n. 
|  n.  e.  Springfield,  740  W. 

Blooming  Grove,  p-t.,  Orange  county,  N.  Y., 
94  s.  Albany,  285  W.  The  post  office  is  in  the 
village  of  Washingtonville.  The  surface  of  the 
t.  is  undulating,  hilly  or  mountainous.  Scunne- 
munk  mt.,  a  part  of  the  Highlands,  occupies  the 
s.  e.  part.  Drained  by  Murderer's  cr.  The  soil 
is  clay  and  sandy  loam,  and  very  productive.  It 
has  10  sch.  484  scholars.     Pop.  2,396. 

Blooming  Grove,  p-o.,  Montgomery  county, 
Tenn. 
Blooming  Grove,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  la.,  79 


gaiionalist  and  1  Baptist  church;  2  stores,  cap.js.  E.  Indianapolis,  525  W. 


BLO 


69 


Bloomington,  p-v.,  capital  of  Monroe  co.,  la.,  i 
49  s.  w.  Indianapolis,  616  W.  The  village  con- 
tains the  county  buildings,  5  churches — 1  Asso- 
ciate Reformed,  1  Presbyterian,  1  New  School 
Covenanters,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Christian — the 
buildings  of  the  Indiana  University,  a  county 
female  academy,  330  dwellings,  and  1,550  inhabi- 
tants. The  Indiana  University  was  founded  in 
1827.  It  has  a  president  and  4  professors,  or  other 
instructors,  50  students,  and  over  1,700  vols,  in  its 
libraries.  Commencement,  last  Wednesday  in 
September. 

Bloomington,  p-v.,  McLean  co.,  111.,  73  n.  n. 
e.  Springfield,  744  W.  It  is  beautifully  situated 
on  the  margin  of  a  fine  prairie,  has  12  stores,  a 
handsome  academy,  2  churches — 1  Presbyterian 
and  1  Methodist.  The  surrounding  country  is 
delightful. 

Bloomington,  p-v.,  capital  of  Muscatine  co., 
Iowa,  910  W.  320  above  St.  Louis.  It  is  plea- 
santly situated  on  the  w.  bank  of  the  Mississippi. 
Established  in  1836.  It  has  a  courthouse  which 
cost  $13,000,  a  jail,  10  stores,  2  churches— 1  Pres- 
byterian and  1  Methodist — and  several  mechanic 
shops.     Pop.  about  600. 

Bloomington,  p-v.,  capital  of  Macon  co.,  Mo., 
106  n.  Jefferson  city,  989  W.  6  e.  Chariton  river, 
and  2  w.  of  the  e.  fork  of  Chariton  r.  It  has  a 
court  house  and  several  dwellings. 

Bloomington,  p-o.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Ark.,  110 
N.  Little  Rock,  1,100  W. 

Bloomington,  t.,  Buchanan  co.,  Mo.    It  has 

1  school,  25  scholars.     Pop.  922. 

Blooming  Valley,  p-o.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  240 
N.  w.  Harrisburg,  313  W. 

Bloomingville,  p-v.,  Oxford  t.,  Erie  co.,  O., 
121  n.  by  e.  Columbus,  431  W.  , 

Bloomsburg,  p-v.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  87  N. 
by  E.  Harrisburg,  197  W.  It  is  pleasantly  situ- 
ated on  the  w.  side  of  the  e.  or  main  branch  of 
Susquehanna  r.     Pop.  600. 

Bloomsburgh,  p-v.,  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  140  s. 
w.  by  w.  Richmond,  227  W. 

Bloomsbury,  p-v.,  Warren  co.,  N.  J.,  43  n.  n. 
w.  Trenton,  202  W.  It  is  pleasantly  situated 
on  both  sides  of  Musconetcong  cr.,  and  lies  partly 
in  Hunterdon  co.  It  contains  a  cotton  fac,  1  oil 
m.,  several  grist  m.,  and  50  dwellings. 

Bloomville,  p-v.,  Delaware  co.,  N.  Y.,  74  s. 
w.  Albany,  344  W.  It  is  on  the  w.  branch  of 
the  Delaware  r.,  and  contains  1  Methodist  church, 

2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  25  dwellings,  and 
150  inhabitants. 

Bloomsville,  p-o.,  Seneca  co.,  O.,  86  n.  Co- 
lumbus, 412  W. 

Blossburg,  p-v.,  Tioga  county,  Pa.,  133  N.  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  243  W.  In  its  vicinity  is  the 
celebrated  Blossburg  coal  mine,  (bituminous.) 
A  railroad  connects  this  place  with  Corning,  N. 
Y.,  whence  there  is  a  continuous  lake  and  canal 
navigation  to  Albany. 

Blount,  county,  Ala.,  in  the  middle  of  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  contains  1,650  sq.  miles.  Wa- 
tered by  the  head  waters  of  the  Black  Warrior 
r.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  the  soil  indif- 
ferent. Capital,  Blountsville.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  8,045,  sheep  2,040,  swine  18,316; 
wheat  15,014  bushels  produced,  Ind.  corn  249,631, 
oats  20,213,  potatoes  6,824,  tobacco  5,633  pounds, 
cotton  169,949 ;  11  stores,  cap.  13,330;  5  tanneries, 
8  distilleries,  8  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
factures $7,235.  8  sch.  154  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 
4,233 ;  1840,  whites  5,225,  slaves  344,  free  col'd 
1 ;  total,  5,570. 

Blount,  county,  Tenn.,  in  the  e.  part  of  the 
state,  bordering  on  N.  Carolina.  It  contains  900 
sq.  miles.    The  surface  is  broken,  but  the  soil  is 


BLU 

fertile.  Capital,  Marysville.  There  were  in 
1810,  neat  cattle  11,053,  sheep  11,068,  swine 
82,439;  wheat,  95,239  bust),  produced,  Ind.  corn 
540,337,  oats  131,465,  potatoes  12,829,  tobacco 
10,059  pounds,  cotton  27,23.),  9  stores,  cap. 
142,600;  2  forges,  1  cotton  be.  204  sp.,  13  tan- 
neries, 13  distilleries,  14  flouring  m.,  14  grist  m., 
18  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.     Cap.  in  niaimt'ac.  $65,775. 

1  college,  40  students.  1  acacL  25  students,  12  sch. 
262  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  11,028,  IN  10,  whites 
10,664,  slaves  945,  free  col'd  136;  total,  11,745. 

Blount  Springs,  p-o.,  Blount  co.,  Ala.,  88  n. 
e.  Tuscaloosa,  740  W. 

Blountsville,  p-o.,  Jones  co.,  Ga.,  16  w 
Milled geville,  661  W. 

Blountsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Blount  co., 
Ala.,  104  n.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  734  W.  Situated  on 
the  w.  side  of  the  Locust  Fork  of  Black  Warrior 
r.     It  contains  1  Methodist  church,  1  academy, 

2  stores,  25  dwellings,  and  about  400  inhabitants. 
Blountsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Sullivan  co., 

Tenn.,  284  e.  by  n.  Nashville,  3Ji  W.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house  and  several  dwellings. 

Blountsville,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  la.,  72  e.  by 
N.  Indianapolis,  535  W . 

Blue  Ball,  p-o.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  47  s.  K. 
Harrisburg,  125  W. 

Blue  Ball,  p-o ,  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  81  n.  e.  An- 
napolis, 91  W. 

Blue  Bell,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  95  e. 
Harrisburg,  158  W. 

Blue  Grass,  p-o.,  Scott  co.,  Iowa. 

Blue  Hill,  p-t.,  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  75  e. 
Augusta,  12  e.  by  n.  Castine,  671  W.  The  v.  is 
situated  on  a  bay,  from  which,  between  Burnt- 
coat,  Deer,  and  other  islands  and  the  main  land, 
is  a  passage  into  the  Penobscot  bay.  From  a 
hill  near  the  v.  a  beautiful  view  is  presented 
of  the  surrounding  country.  It  has  10  stores, 
cap.  $13,050 ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  3  grist  m., 
5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $29,956.  1  acad. 
72  students,  17  sch.  731  scholars.     Pop.  1,891. 

Blue  House,  p-o.,  Colleton  dist.,  S.  C,  111  s. 
by  e.  Columbia,  600  W. 

Blue  Island,  p-o.,  Cook  co.,  111.,  200  n.  n.  e. 
Springfield,  735  W. 

Blue  Lick,  p-o.,  Clarke  co.,  la.,  112  s.  by  E. 
Indianapolis,  613  W. 

Blue  Mountain,  t.,  Izard  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  301. 

Blue  Ridge,  or  South  Mountains,  the  eastern 
range  of  the  Alleghany  mountains,  branching  off 
from  the  main  range  in  N.  Carolina,  crossing  the 
state  of  Virginia,  and  extending  to  the  Highlands 
on  the  Hudson  r.,  N.  Y.  The  peaks  of  Otter, 
the  most  elevated  summits,  are  in  Bedford  co., 
Va.,  and  the  altitude  of  the  eastern  peak,  mea- 
sured from  its  base,  is  nearly  4,000  feet,  30  ms. 
w.  by  N.  Lynchburg. 

Blue  Ridge,  p-o.,  Botetourt  co.,  Va. 

Blue  River,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  la.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $2,000 ;  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  sch. 
20  scholars.    Pop.  731. 

Blue  River,  p-o.,  Iowa  co.,  Wis.,  72  s.  s.  w. 
Madison,  904  W. 

Blue  River,  t.,  Harrison  co.,  la.  It  has  1 
flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.    Pop.  1,429. 

Blue  Rock,  p-t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.,  65  e. 
Columbus,  346  W.  It  lies  on  both  sides  of  Mus- 
kingum r.    It  has  10  or  12  salt  fee.    Pop.  1,083. 

Blue  Spring,  p-o.,  Stewart  co.,  Tenn.,  61  w. 
N.  w.  Nashville,  746  W. 

Blue  Spring  Grove,  p-o.,  Barren  co.,  Ky., 
110  s.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  633  W. 

Blue  Stone,  p-o.,  Tazewell  co.,  Va.,  279  w. 
by  s.  Richmond,  325  W. 

Blue  Sulphur  Springs,  p-o.,  Green  Brier 
co.,  Va.,  227  n.  by  w.  Richmond,  264  W.    These 


BOI 


70 


BOL 


sprin"s  are  much  resorted  to  as  a  watering  place 
Thcv  are  22  ras.  w.  of  the  White  Sulphur 
Springs,  which  ore  still  more  frequented.  The 
buildings  are  of  brick,  pleasantly  ranged  round  a 
square,  and  are  sufficient  to  entertain  very  com- 
inodiously  400  persons.  It  occupies  a  valley, 
and  is  surrounded  on  3  sides  by  mountains,  pre- 
senting wild  and  picturesque  scenery.  There 
is  no  village,  and  only  3  families  reside  here. 
There  is  1  store,  and  a  Presbyterian  church. 
These  springs  are  useful  in  those  complaints  to 
which  sulphurous  waters  are  applicable. 

Blue  Wing,  p-o.,  Granville  co.,  N.  C,  69  n. 
Raleigh,  246  W. 

Bluff,  p-o.,  Mercer  co.,  111.,  142  n.  n.  w. 
Springfield,  872  W. 

Bluff  Dale,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  111.,  78  s.  w. 
Springfield  843  W. 
Bluff  Grove,  p-o.,  Grundy  co.,  Mo. 
Bluff  Port,  p-o.,  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  76  s.  w. 
Tuscaloosa,  891  W. 

Bluff  Spring,  p-o.,  Talbot  co.,  Ga.,  104  e.  s. 
e.  Milledgeville,  726  W. 

Bluffton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Wells  co.,  la.,  107 
N.  N.  E.  Indianapolis,  549  W. 
Blythe,  t.,  Marion  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  275. 
Blythe,  t.,  Caldwell  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  410. 
Blytheville,  p-o.,  Newton  co.,  Mo. 
Boalsburg,  p-v.,  Ferguson  t.,  Centre  co.,  Pa., 
84  n.  w.  Harrisburg,   176  W.    Situated  on  the 
main  branch  of  Spring  cr.    It  has  1  Lutheran 
church,  1  grist  m.,  1  store,  and  25  dwellings. 

Boardman,  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  170  n.  e. 
Columbus,  287  W.    Drained  by  Mill,  Indian, 
and  Yellow  creeks.    The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  the  soil  is  good,  and  there  is  no  waste  land 
in  the  t.    It  has  6  sch.  320  scholars.     Pop.  929. 
Bodenham,  p-v.,  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  82  s.  by  w. 
Nashville,  742  W. 
Boeuff,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1,662. 
Boeuff,  r.,  Ark.  and  La.,  after  a  course  of 
about  180  ms.  joins  the  Washita,  in  lat.  31°  47'  n. 
Boeuff,  Bayou,  or  cr.  of  La.,  rises  in  Rapide 
par.,  s.  w.  of  Alexandria,  and  separates  into  2 
channels,  one  of  which  connects  with  Red  r.,  but 
divides,  the  w.  branch  forming  the  Bayou  de 
Glaze,    which    enters    the    Atchafalaya.     The 
main  branch  still   further  w.  unites  with  the 
Crocodile  r.  to  form  the  Courtableau  r.,  which  is 
a  navigable  stream  to  its  entrance  into  the  Atcha- 
falaya.   The  land  on  its  borders  is  very  fertile. 
Boggess's    Cross    Roads,    p-o.,  Meigs    co., 
Tenn.,  158  Nashville,  550  W. 

Boggs,  t.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.  Situated  on  the 
main  ridge  of  the  Alleghany.  Soil,  slate  and 
gravelly  limestone.    Pop.  295. 

Bogle's,  p-o.,  Iredell  co.,  N.  C,  165  w.  Ra- 
leigh, 403  w: 

Bogue  Chito,  r.,  a  w.  branch  of  Pearl  r., 
rises  in  Miss.,  but  runs  chiefly  in  La.,  and  after 
a  course  of  90  ms.,  joins  Pearl  r.  about  25  ms. 
above  its  mouth. 

Boguk  Chitto,  p-o.,  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  89  s.  s. 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  872  W.  ' 

Bohemia,  a  large  creek  in  Maryland,  which 
enters  Elk  r.  4  or  5  miles  above  its  entrance  into 
Chesapeake  Bay. 

Boiling  Spring,  p-o.,  Fentress  co.,  Tenn 
133  e.  n.  E.  Nashville,  571  W.  ' 

Bois  Blanc,  Island,  Lake  Huron,  s.  e.  of 
Mackinaw,  10  ms.  long  and  3  broad  in  its  widest 
part.  The  soil  in  the  lower  part  is  sandy,  but 
the  greater  part  is  fertile.  It  has  a  light-house 
on  its  e.  point. 

Bois  d  Arc,  t.,  Hemstead  co..  Ark.  It  has  1 
distillery,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  sch.  22  scholars. 


Bokes  Creek,  t.,  Logan  co.,  O.  It  has  1  sch. 
21  scholars.     Pop.  222. 

Boland's,  p-o.,  Itawamba  co.,  Miss. 

Bolen's  Mills,  p-o.,  Athens  co.,  O.,  83  s.  e. 
Columbus,  353  W. 

Boligee,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Ala.,  52  s.  s.  w.  Tus- 
caloosa, 870  W. 

Bolington,  p-o.,  Loudon  co.,  Va.,  163  n.  Rich- 
mond, 44  W. 

Bolivar,  county,  Miss.,  lies  in  the  w.  part  of 
the  state,  on  the  Mississippi  r.  It  contains  1,700 
sq.  miles.  Drained  by  Sunflower  r.  Capital, 
Bolivar.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,414, 
sheep  173,  swine  2,605 ;  lnd.  corn  42,350  bush, 
produced,  potatoes  5,015,  cotton 274,155  pounds; 
1  sch.  14  scholars.  Pop.  whites  384,  slaves  971, 
free  col'd  1 ;  total,  1,356. 

Bolivar,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y.,  15  e.  An- 
gelica, 285  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  312  W.  Organized 
in  1825.  The  surface  is  elevated  and  undulating ; 
the  soil,  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  several  small 
creeks.  The  v.  has  1  store,  and  about  20  dwell- 
ings. There  are  in  the  t.  2  stores,  cap.  $6,500 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $6,850.  1  sch.  27  scholars.  Pop.  408. 

Bolivar,  p-o.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  165  w. 
Harrisburg,  191  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of 
Conemaugh  r.  It  has  1  store,  1  forge,  and  20 
dwellings. 

Bolivar,  p-v.,  Lawrence  t.,  Tuscarawas  co., 
O.,  8  n.  New  Philadelphia,  118  n.  e.  Columbus, 
321  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  Ohio  canal,  on  the 
w.  side  of  Tuscarawas  r.     Organized  in   1826. 

Bolivar,  p-v.,  Robeson  co.,  N.  C,  112  s.  by 
w.  Raleigh,  400  W. 

Bolivar,  p-v.,  capital  of  Hardeman  co.,  Tenn., 
162  s.  w.  Nashville,  847  W.  Situated  on  the  s. 
side  of  Big  Hatchee  r.,  H  mile  distant  from  it. 
It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  3  churches — 1 
Baptist,  1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist — 2  academies, 
and  about  500  inhabitants. 

Bolivar,  p-v.,  capital  of  Polk  co.,  Mo.,  132  s. 
w.  Jefferson  city,  1,068  W.  It  is  situated  4  ms. 
w.  Pomme  de  Terre  r.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  Methodist  church,  and  about  150  inhabitants. 

Bolivar,  p-o.,  capital  of  Bolivar  co.,  Miss. 
Situated  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  r.,  with 
Lake  Bolivar  on  the  s. 

Boliver,p-o.,  Poinsett  co.,  Ark.,  147  e.  n.  e. 
Little  Rock,  902  W. 

Bolivia,  t.,  Gasconade  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  779. 

Bolivia,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  Ark.  It  has  2  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.     Pop.  485. 

Bolster's  Mills,  p-o.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me., 
68  s.  w.  Augusta,  578  W. 

Bolton,  p-t.,  Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  19  n.  n.  w. 
Montpelier,  15  e.  s.  e.  Burlington,  521  W.  This 
t.  is  very  mountainous  and  broken.  It  lies  on 
the  western  range  of  the  Green  mountains  ;  and 
excepting  along  Onion  r.,  which  passes  through 
it,  much  of  it  is  incapable  of  cultivation.  The 
arable  soil  is  fertile.  It  has  4  saw  m.,  3  sch.  70 
scholars.     Pop.  470. 

Bolton,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  33  w. 
Boston,  419  W.  It  lies  between  Concord  and 
Nashua  rivers.  The  surface  is  varied,  and  the 
soil  fertile.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $12,500  ,•  2  tan- 
neries, 3  grist  m.t  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
9,700.    8  sch.  298  scholars.     Pop.  1,186. 

Bolton,  p-t.,  Tolland  co.,  Ct.  Incorporated 
in  1720.  It  lies  on  an  elevated  range  of  hills, 
and  is  drained  by  branches  of  Hop  river.  The 
soil  is  a  gravelly  loam,  and  is  better  suited  for 
grazing  than  for  tillage.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
^,500  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  distillery,  5  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $4,310.  5  sch.  220  scholars.  Pop.  739. 
I     Bolton,  p-t.,  Warren  co.,  N.  Y.,  73  n.  Albany, 


BOS 71 

446  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  mountainous, 
and  the  soil  moderately  fertile,  but  heavily  tim- 
bered. It  has  Lake  George  on  the  E.  and  several 
large  ponds  in  the  interior,  and  is  drained  by 
Schroon  r.,  a  branch  of  the  Hudson  r.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $3,000;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1 
powder  m.,  1  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.,  8  sch.  279  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  937. 

Bolton  Depot,  p-o.,  Hinds  co.,  Miss. 

Boltonville,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  35  s.  e. 
Montpelier,  527  W. 

Bombay,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  N.  Y.,  15  n.  e. 
Malone,  232  n.  Albany,  552  W.  Surl'ace  gen- 
erally level.  Drained  by  Little  Salmon  and  St 
Regis  rivers.  It  contains  the  reservation  and 
settlement  of  the  St.  Regis  Indians,  on  the  St. 
Lawrence  r.  Near  the  p-o.  is  a  settlement  of 
whites,  which  has  1  church,  4  stores,  and  20  or 
30  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.,  6  stores,  cap. 
$19,700;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries, 
1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,415. 

9  sch.  344  scholars.    Pop.  1,446. 
Bonaparte,  p-o.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa. 
Bon  Air  Springs,  p-o.,  White  co.,  Tenn.,  88 

E.  s.  e.  Nashville,  592  W. 

Bond,  county,  Illinois,  contains  360  sq.  ms. 
Organized  in  1817.  Drained  by  Shoal  cr.,  a 
branch  of  Kaskaskia  r.  Capital,  Greenville. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,723,  sheep 
5,397,  swine  15,998 ;  wheat 25,722  bush,  produced, 
rye  1,540,  Ind.  corn  209,130,  oats  23,450,  pota- 
toes 7,486,  tobacco  3,665  pounds  ;  10  stores,  cap. 
$9,106  ;  2  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  2  distilleries, 

10  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $27,128. 
12  sch.  324  scholars.     Pop.  5,060. 

Bondville,  p-o.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  76  n. 
Harrisburg,  186  W. 

Bonne  Femme,  t.,  Howard  co.,  Mo.  1  sch. 
25  scholars.    Pop.  988. 

Bonne  Homme,  t.,  St.  Genevieve  co.,  Mo.  Pop. 
436. 

Bonne  Homme,  t,  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  1  acad. 
40  students,  3  sch.  92  scholars.     Pop.  2,516. 

Bonnet  Carre,  p-o.,  capital  of  St.  Jn.  Bap- 
tist par.,  La.,  38  w.  N.  Orleans,  1,210  W.  On  a 
remarkable  bend  in  the  Mississippi,  denomina- 
ted Bonnet  Carre,  (square  bonnet.) 

Bono,  p-o.,  Lawrence  co.,  la.,  89  s.  by  w.  In- 
dianapolis, 620  W. 

Bookersville,  p-o.,  Wilkes  co.,  Ga. 

Boone,  county,  Ky.,  in  the  extreme  n.  part  of 
the  state,  has  the  Ohio  r.  on  the  n.  and  w.,  and 
contains  about  300  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  une- 
ven, and  the  soil  productive.  Capital,  Burling- 
ton. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,843, 
sheep  15,619,  swine  34,592  ;  wheat  101,502  bush, 
produced,  rye  7,977,  Ind.  corn  555,270,  oats  59,423, 
potatoes  13,310,  tobacco  1,430,247  pounds ;  30 
stores,  cap.  $153,845  ;  4  distilleries,  2  tanneries, 
4  flouring  m.,  19  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $112,120.  3  acad.,  4  sch.  65  scholars. 
Pop.  1830,9,075;  1840,  whites  7,821,  slaves  2,183, 
free  col'd  27;  total,  10,034. 

Boone,  county,  la.,  in  the  central  part  of  the 
state,  contains  408  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  gener- 
ally level,  containing  woodland,  interspersed 
with  wet  and  dry  prairies.  The  soil  is  excellent. 
Drained  by  branches  of  Sugar  and  Racoon 
creeks.  Capital,  Lebanon.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  10,331,  sheep  6,245,  swine  20,109; 
wheat  35,017  bush,  produced,  rye  1,256,  Ind. 
corn  247,752,  oats  40,017,  potatoes  14,865,  360 
tons  hemp  &  flax,  tobacco  4,097  pounds,  sugar 
92,135;  12  stores,  cap.  $21,663;  5  tanneries,  2 
flouring  m.,  9  grist,  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $23,405.     13  sch.  298  scholars.     Pop.  8,121. 

Boone,  county,  111.,  is  situated  in  the  n.  part 


BOS 

of  the  state,  and  contains  400  sq.  ms.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating,  and  consists  of  prairie  and 
timber  land.  The  toil  is  excellent.  Drained  by 
Kishwaukee  r.,  and  its  branches.  Capital,  Bel- 
videre.  There  were  in  1810,  neat  cattle  1,681, 
sheep  5S9,  swine  5,  091 ;  wheat  19,873  bush,  pro- 
duced, Ind.  corn  30,792,  oats  23,318,  potatoes 
498, 16,  tobacco  1,148  pounds;  2  stores  cap.  $6,0<M> ; 

1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,150. 
9  sch.  253  scholars.     Pop.  1,705. 

Boone,  county,  Mo.,  in  the  central  part  of  the 
state,  contains  690  sq.  ms.  Drained  by  Rock 
and  Cedar  crs.  Capital,  Columbia.  Situated 
about  130  w.  by  n.  St.  Louis.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  12,915,  sheen  18,166,  swim- 
37,900 ;  wheat  44,411  bush,  produced,  rye  8,894, 
Ind.  corn  506,672,  oats  74,945,  potatoes  19,.')  1 1, 
72  tons  hemp  &  flax,  tobacco  1,714,663  pounds, 
sugar  54,442;  27  stores,  cap.  $325,820;  11  tan- 
neries, 20  distilleries,  46  gnst  m.,  17  saw  m.,  1 
printing  office,  1  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
192,211.  1  college,  15  students,  3  acad.  Ill  stu- 
dents, 32  sch.  1,033  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  8,859  ; 
1840,  whites  10,529,  slaves  3,008,  free  col'd  24  ; 
total,  13,561. 

Boone,  t.,  Warrick  co.,  la.,  4  sch.  120  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,722. 

Boone  t,  Harrison  co.,  la.    It  has  3  tanneries, 

2  distilleries,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  2  sch.  58  schol- 
ars.   Pop  2,058. 

Boone,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  Mo.  It  has  2  sch.  45 
scholars.    Pop.  669. 

Boonesborough,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Md., 
91  s.  s.  w.  Annapolis,  51  W.  It  is  situated  on 
the  w.  base  of  S.  mountain,  and  contains  about 
25  buildings. 

Boonesborough,  p-v.  Madison  co.,  Ky.,  53  s. 
s.  w.  Frankfort,  534  W.  It  is  situated,  on  Ken- 
tucky r. 

Boonesboro',  p-o.,  Boone  co.,  Mo. 

Boone's  Creek,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Tenn. 

Boone's  Hill,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn. 

Boone  Lick,  t.,  Howard  co.    Pop.  1,005. 

Boone's  Mills,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  175  s. 
w.  by  w.  Richmond,  250  W. 

Booneville,  p-t.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  28  n. 
Utica,  114  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  419  W.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly,  and  the  soil  clay  loam  on  lime. 
Drained  by  Black  r.  and  the  head  waters  of  the 
Mohawk.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  Black  river 
canal,  31  N.  Utica.  Mill  cr.,  which  enters  into 
Black  r.,  affords  water  power.  It  has  2  churches, 
5  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  tannery,  1  clo- 
thier's works,  80  dwellings,  and  about  600  inhabi- 
tants.    Pop.  of  the  t.  5,516. 

Booneville,  p-v.,  capital  Scott  co.,  Ark.,  120 
w.  by  n.  Little  Rock,  1,185  W. 

Booneville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Warrick  co.,  la., 
173  s.  s.  w.  Indianapolis,  707  W.  Situated  be- 
tween Pigeon  and  Cypress  crs.  It  has  1  sch.  40 
scholars.     Pop.  240. 

Booneville,  city  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Cooper 
co.,  Mo.,  50  n.  w.  Jefferson  city,  964  W.  Situ- 
ated on  the  s.  bank  of  Missouri  r.  Its  foundation 
is  limestone  rock.  It  has  a  handsome  court  house 
and  clerk's  office,  a  Methodist  church,  15  6tores, 
2  rope  walks,  and  various  mechanic  shops  It 
has  considerable  trade,  and  exports  cattle  and 
provisions.  There  arc  in  the  t.  2  acad.  108  stu- 
dents, 2  sch.  60  scholars.    Pop.  2,581. 

Booniiill,  p-o.,  Johnson  co.,  N.  C,  37  s.  E. 
Raleigh,  295  W.  . 

Boonsboro',  p-o.,  Ogle  co.,  111.,  182  n.  Spnng- 
field,  842  W, 

Boothbay,  p-t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  40  s.  by  E. 
Augusta,  601  W.  It  lies  between  the  Sheepscot 
and  Damariscotta  rivers,  which  may  here  be  re»- 


BOS 


BOS 


garded  as  arms  of  the  sea,  having  the  ocean  on 
the  s.  It  has  an  excellent  harbor.  There  are  18 
stores,  cap.  $15,250 ;  457  persons  employed  in 
the  fisheries,  cap.  $79,015  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery, 
2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $19,055. 
9  sch.  1,111  scholars.     Pop.  2,631. 

Boothsville,  p-o.,  Harrison  co.,  Va.,  270  n. 
W.Richmond,  218  W. 

Booton,  p-o.,  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  67  n.  n.  w. 
Detroit,  589  W. 

Booton's  Tan  Yard,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  Va., 
92  n.  w.  Richmond,  104  W. 

Bordeaux,  p-o.,  Abbeville  dist.,  S.  C,  105  n. 
by  w.  Columbia,  553  W. 

Bordeaux,  p-o.,  Avoyelles  par.,  La. 

Bordentown,  p-b.,  Chesterfield  t.,  Burlington 
co.,  N.  J.,  7  s.  E.  Trenton,  168  W.  Situated  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Delaware  r.,  built  on  a  plain 
65  feet  above  the  surface  of  the  r.,  and  has  3 
churches— 1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  1  Friends — 5 
stores,  200  dwellings,  and  about  1,800  inhabi- 
tants. The  Camden  and  Amboy  railroad  passes 
through  the  place,  by  a  viaduct  beneath  its  prin- 
cipal streets.  Incorporated  in  1825.  It  is  a  very 
neat  and  healthy  place.  Joseph  Bonaparte, 
(Count  de  Surveilliers,)  chose  it  as  the  place  of 
his  residence  while  in  the  United  States,  and 
erected  a  splendid  mansion,  surrounded  by  ex- 
tensive and  highly  ornamented  grounds.  This 
place  is  a  favorite  resort  of  the  people  of  Philadel- 

Ehia  in  the  summer  season.    The  outlet  of  the 
►ela ware  and  Raritan  canal  is  in  front  of  the  v. 

Borden  Spring,  p-o.,  Lowndes  co.,  Miss.,  158 
N.  E.  Jackson,  873  W. 

Bordley,  p-v.,  Union  co.,  Ky.,  224  s.  of  w. 
Frankfort,  765  W. 

Borgne,  lake  or  bay,  connects  with  the  Gulf 
of  3Iexico  by  Pascagoula  sound,  and  on  the  n.  w. 
with  Lake  Pontchartrain  by  two  passes.  It  is 
about  40  ms.  long  and  15  broad. 

Borodino,  p-o.,  Spafford  t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N. 
Y.,  150  w.  by  n.  Albany,  339  W. 

Borodino,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  29  s.  De- 
troit, 533  W. 

Boscawen,  p-t.,  Merrimac  co.,  N.  H.,  9  n.  w. 
Concord,  490  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Merrimac  r.  Blackwater  r.  passes  through  the  t., 
and  affords  fine  mill  seats.  The  surface  is  gen- 
erally level,  and  the  soil  very  fertile.  Incorpo- 
rated 1760.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $12,300  ;  1  full- 
ing m.,  3  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $13,350.  16  sch.  514  scholars.  Pop. 
1,965.  v 

Bostwick's  Mills,  p-o.,  Richmond  co.,  N.  C, 
122  s.  w.  by  w.  Raleigh,  396  W. 

Boston,  city,  the  capital  of  Massachusetts, 
m  Suffolk  county,  is  principally  situated  on  a 
peninsula,  3  miles  long  and  1  broad,  at  the  west- 
ern extremity  of  Massachusetts  Bay.  It  lies  in 
42°  21'  23"  n.  lat.  and  71°  4'  9"  w.  Ion.  from 
Greenwich,  and  5°  58' e.  Ion.  from  Washington. 
It  is  115  s  s.  w.  from  Portland,  Me. ;  63  s.  s.  e. 
Concord  N.  H. ;  158  e.  by  s.  Albany ;  40  n.  n. 
e.  Providence,  R.  I. ;  97  E.  N.  e.  Hartford,  Ct. ; 
207  n.  e.  by  e.  New  York;  440  N.  E.  from  W. 
£h£JK)I?ulatlon  m  179°  was  18,038:  in  1800 
24,93?;  in  1810,  33,250;  in  1820,  43,298;  in  1830 
21  ?  .ln  1840,  ?3,383.  Employed  in  commerce 
2,040;  in  manufactures  and  trades,  5  333-  in 
navigating  the  ocean,  10,813;  do.  canals  and 
rivers,  19  ;  learned  professions  and  engineers,  5S6. 

Boston  consists  of  three  parts,  Old  Boston,  on 
the  peninsula;  South  Boston,  formerly  a  part  of 
Dorchester,  but  united  to  Boston  in  1804 ;  and 
East  Boston,  formerly  Noddle's  Island.  The 
only  original  communication  of  the  peninsula 
with  the  main  land  was  denominated  the  "  Neck," 


a  little  over  a  mile  in  length,  which  connected  it 
with  Roxbury.  By  the  fortification  of  this  neck, 
at  the  commencement  of  the  revolutionary  war, 
the  British  were  able  to  control  the  intercourse 
between  Boston  and  the  surrounding  country. 
But  by  a  number  of  bridges  a  communication  is 
now  opened  in  various  directions.  Charles  River 
bridge,  1 ,503  feet  long,  connects  Boston  to  Charles- 
town  ;  West  Boston  bridge,  2,753  feet,  with  a 
causeway  3,432  feet,  leads  to  Cambridge  ;  South 
Boston  bridge,  1,550  feet,  leads  from  the  "  Neck" 
to  S.  Boston  ;  Canal  Bridge,  2,796  feet,  leads  to 
E.  Cambridge,  from  the  middle  of  which  an  arm 
extends  to  States  Prison  Point,  in  Charlestown  ; 
Boston  Free  Bridge,  1,828  feet,  connects  Boston 
with  S.  Boston  ;  Warren  Bridge,  1,390  feet,  leads 
to  Charlestown.  Besides  these,  the  Western  Av- 
enue, a  mile  and  a  half  long,  leads  to  Brooklyn, 
and  constitutes  a  tide-dam,  enclosing  a  pond  of 
600  acres,  which,  by  a  partition,  makes  an  ave- 
nue from  the  main  dam  to  Roxbury,  and  forms  a 
full  and  receiving  basin ;  so  that  the  flowing  of 
the  tide  creates  a  great  water  power,  at  all  times 
available. 

The  peninsula  of  Boston  had  originally  an  un- 
even surface  ;  and  the  necessity  of  the  case,  and 
the  good  taste  of  the  inhabitants,  have  exten- 
sively prevented  the  attempt  to  level  these  ine- 
qualities of  surface ;  and  from  various  points  of 
view,  the  city  presents  a  picturesque  appearance. 
The  streets,  however,  were  originally  laid  out 
upon  no  systematic  plan ;  and  accommodated  to 
the  convenience  of  the  ground,  they  are  often 
crooked  and  narrow ;  though  modern  improve- 
ments have  greatly  remedied  these  inconve- 
niences. The  Common,  originally  a  town  cow- 
pasture,  has  escaped  a  private  appropriation,  and 
is  one  of  the  finest  public  grounds  in  any  city  of 
the  United  States.  The  numerous  eminences, 
rising  from  50  to  110  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
sea,  furnish  many  admirable  sites  for  buildings. 
Some  of  the  public  buildings  are  commanding, 
but  are  exceeded  by  some  in  other  principal 
cities ;  but  many  of  the  private  residences  are 
unsurpassed  in  elegance  and  taste  by  those  of 
any  other  city  of  the  Union. 

South  Boston  extends  about  2  miles  along  the 
s.  side  of  the  harbor.  It  contains  about  600  acres, 
regularly  laid  out  into  streets  and  squares,  with 
a  diversified  surface.  About  in  the  centre  of  this 
tract  are  the  "Dorchester  Heights,"  130  feet 
high,  famous  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  as  the 
site  of  a  fortification  which  compelled  the  British 
to  abandon  the  harbor. 

East  Boston  is  on  an  island,  containing  about 
660  acres  of  land,  and  a  large  body  of  flats.  Its 
connection  with  Old  Boston  is  by  a  steam  ferry, 
which  starts  every  five  minutes  from  each  side. 
It  is  connected  to  Chelsea  on  the  main  land  by 
a  bridge  of  600  feet ;  and  the  Eastern  railroad 
commences  here.  This  portion  of  the  city  has 
wholly  grown  up  since  1833.  The  surface  is 
agreeably  diversified.  A  wharf  1,000  feet  long 
is  devoted  to  the  use  of  the  Liverpool  steamships. 

These  several  parts  of  Boston,  with  the  town 
of  Chelsea,  constitute  the  county  of  Suffolk. 

The  harbor  of  Boston  is  one  of  the  best  in  the 
United  States,  being  spacious,  safe,  and  easily 
and  well  defended.  The  whole  passage  to  it  is 
not  more  than  four  miles  in  width,  with  several 
islands  obstructing  it,  so  that  the  main  entrance 
will  scarcely  admit  two  vessels  to  pass  abreast ; 
while  within,  500  vessels  may  ride  at  anchor, 
with  a  good  depth  of  water.  The  outer  harbor 
has  about  40  small  islands,  about  15  of  which 
afford  excellent  pasture. 

The  wharves  of  Boston  are  extensive  and  con- 


BOS 


73 


BOS 


venient,  and  some  of  them  are  very  long.     Longi  $371,010  ;  cup.  in  fisheries  $25,000;  machinery 


wharf,  at  the  termination  of  State-street,  is  1,650 
feet  long ;  and  Central  wharf  is  1,240  feet. 

Among  the  public  buildings,  the  State  House 
is  the  principal.  It  was  built  in  1798,  and  has  a 
fine  location  on  Beacon  Hill,  110  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea,  and  fronting  the  spacious  com- 
mon. It  is  173  feet  long  and  61  wide,  built  of 
brick,  but  painted  to  imitate  stone;  and  has  a 
fine  dome  52  feet  in  diameter,  and  a  cupola  230 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  harbor,  from  wnich  the 
view  is  probably  the  finest  in  the  United  States, 
and  scarcely  surpassed  in  the  world.  From  this 
grand  elevation,  the  spectator  looks  down  upon 
the  city  as  upon  a  map  ;  before  him  stretches  the 
extensive  harbor  and  bay  on  the  E.,  sprinkled 
over  with  islands ;  and  in  other  directions,  nu- 
merous beautiful  villages,  and  a  highly  cultivated 
country,  with  many  elegant  country  seats,  are 
visible.  Faneuil  Hall  Market  is  budt  of  granite, 
536  feet  long,  50  feet  wide,  and  two  stories  high  ; 
and  is  the  most  elegant  market-house  in  the  U. 
States.  Faneuil  Hall  is  in  Dock  Square,  100  feet 
long  by  80  feet  wide,  3  stories  high,  and  is  cele- 
brated as  the  spot  where  the  revolutionary  ora- 
tors roused  the  people  to  resist  British  oppression. 
The  hall  is  76  feet  square,  with  deep  galleries  on 
three  sides.  The  City  Hall  or  Old  State  House, 
is  another  venerable  building  of  revolutionary 
memory,  and  is  used  for  public  offices.  The 
Massachusetts  Hospital,  in  the  western  part  of  the 
city,  is  a  beautiful  granite  building,  168  feet  long 
and  54  feet  wide,  with  an  open  ground  of  4  acres 
around  it,  on  the  bank  of  Charles  river.  The 
Custom  House,  near  the  head  of  Central  wharf, 
is  a  splendid  granite  building  of  Grecian  archi- 
tecture. The  houses  of  Industry,  Correction, 
and  Reformation,  are  valuable  establishments, 
situated  in  South  Boston.  Trinity  church,  and 
St.  Paul's  church,  are  considered  fine  specimens 
of  architecture ;  and  Park-street  church  has  a 
lofty  and  beautiful  steeple.  The  Tremont  House 
is  one  of  the  finest  hotels  in  the  United  States. 

Among  the  public  places,  the  Common  is  by 
far  the  most  distinguished.  It  occupies  the 
southern  declivity  of  Beacon  Hill,  and  contains 
nearly  50  acres  of  ground,  surrounded  by  a  wall, 
shaded  by  trees.  The  whole  is  enclosed  by  an 
iron  fence  about  1  mile  in  length,  on  the  outside 
of  which  is  a  broad  street.  A  Botanical  Garden 
of  25  acres  is  on  the  western  side  of  the  Common. 
Boston,  in  point  of  commerce,  is  the  second 

Elace  in  the  Union.  Her  wealth  and  enterprise 
ave  long  been  actively  employed  in  foreign 
commerce,  to  which  her  fine  harbor  has  mate- 
rially contributed.  Several  large  steamships 
form  an  important  packet  line  between  this  city 
and  Great  Britain,  stopping  at  Halifax.  This 
line  has  generally  performed  its  trips  in  the 
short  space  of  12£  days.  Lines  of  packets  exist 
to  every  port  of  importance  throughout  the  U. 
States,  making  about  fifty  in  the  whole.  And 
by  means  of  the  Middlesex  canal,  which  extends 
to  the  Merriraac,  it  has  a  boatable  communica- 
tion to  Concord,  N.  H ;  and  recently  a  railroad 
communication  has  been  completed  to  Albany, 
which  will  enable  it  to  share  in  the  vast  trade  of 
the  west.  The  capitalists  of  Boston  are  large 
proprietors  in  the  manufacturing  establishments 
at  Waltham  and  at  Lowell. 

The  tonage  of  Boston  in  1840  was  220,243  tons. 
The  imports  are  about  $16,000,000;  and  the  ex- 
ports about  $10,000,000.  There  were  in  1840, 
142  commercial  houses  and  89  commission  houses 
engaged  in  foreign  trade,  with  a  capital  of 
$11,676,000;  572  retail  stores,  with  a  capital  of 
$4,184,220;  31  lumber  yards,  with  a  capital  of 


manufactured  to  the  amount  of  $135,(JO0;  pre- 
cious metals  $26,650;  various  metals  $284,400; 
6  furnaces,  cap.  $130,000;  17  distilleries  and  2 
breweries,  with  a  cap.  of  $820,000  ;  paints,  drills, 
&c.,  cap.  $20,000  ;  3  glass  fac,  cap.  $37,000 ;  2 
sugar  refineries,  3  rope  walks,  cap.  $101,500;  1 
grist  m.,  cap.  $50,000;  furniture  to  the  amountof 
$329,000.  There  were  built  217  brick  and 
stone,  and  148  wooden  houses,  to  the  value  of 
$1,061,100;  24  printing  offices,  28  binderies,  7 
daily,  11  weekly,  and  7  semi-weekly  newspapers, 
and  7  periodicals,  employed  437  persons,  with  a 
cap.  of  $236,450.  Total  amount  of  cap.  in  man- 
ufac.  $2,770,250.  There  were  15  acad.,  or  gram, 
sch.,  with  2,629  students,  137  com.  and  primary 
sch.  with  14,003  scholars. 

The  are  25  banks,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of 
$17,300,000,  and  28  insurance  companies,  with  a 
capital  of  $6,600,000. 

Boston  has  long  been  celebrated  for  the  excel- 
lence of  its  schools.  About  a  quarter  part  of  the 
inhabitants  are  kept  at  school  throughout  the 
year,  at  an  expense  of  $200,000.  In  addition  to 
numerous  private  schools,  the  public  free  schools 
are  a  Latin  grammar  school ;  a  high  school,  in 
which  the  mathematics  and  higher  branches  of 
learning  are  taught;  10  grammar  and  writing 
schools;  75  primary  schools,  and  one  African 
school. 

The  Medical  Branch  of  Harvard  University 
has  its  seat  in  Boston,  where  its  professors  re- 
side. It  was  founded  in  1782,  has  6  professors 
and  88  students,  and  a  library  of  over  5,000  vol- 
umes. There  is  a  higldy  respectable  institution 
for  the  blind,  which  has  a  handsome  edifice.  The 
Boston  Athenaeum  has  two  large  buildings,  one 
containing  a  library  of  about  30,000  volumes,  the 
other  a  picture  gallery,  and  a  hall  for  public  lec- 
tures, and  other  rooms  for  scientific  purposes. 
This  city  has  about  100  literary,  religious,  and 
charitable  societies.  Among  the  literary  socie- 
ties of  a  high  order  are  the  American  Academy 
of  Arts  and  Sciences,  which  has  published  four 
volumes  of  transactions  ;  the  Massachusetts  His- 
torical Society,  which  has  published  22  volumes 
of  collections ;  and  the  Boston  Natural  History 
Society,  which  has  a  fine  cabinet.  Among  the 
religious  and  charitable  societies,  are  the  Ameri- 
can Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Mis- 
sions, which  has  an  agency,  and  holds  its  amu- 
versaries  in  the  city  of  New  York ;  the  Baptist 
Board  of  Foreign  Missions ;  the  American  Edu- 
cation Society ;  the  American  Unitarian  Asso- 
ciation ;  the  American  Peace  Society ;  the  Sea- 
men's Friend  Society;  the  Massachusetts  Bible 
Society ;  the  Prison  Discipline  Society ;  and 
various  others. 

There  are  (1842)  30  newspapers  published  in 
Boston,  8  of  which  are  daily.  Besides  these, 
there  is  a  number  of  Magazines  and  Reviews, 
the  most  important  of  which  is  the  North  Ameri- 
can Review,  which  has  long  had  a  high  reputa- 
tion, not  only  in  the  United  States,  but  in  Europe. 

There  are  75  churches,  of  which  15  are  Unita- 
rians, 12  Congregationalists ;  8  Episcopalians  ; 
11  Baptists;  9  Methodists;  4  Umversalists ;  4 
Roman  Catholics ;  3  Freewill  Baptists ;  2  Afri- 
can, one  of  which  is  Baptist,  and  the  other  Meth- 
odist. There  are  also  some  New  Jerusalem, 
German  Protestants,  and  Friends,  and  a  few 
others. 

There  are  two  theatres  in  Boston,  the  Tremont 
and  the  National  Theatre. 

This  city  continued  a  town,  and  was  governed 
by  a  body  of  select  men,  according  to  the  com- 
mon custom  of  the  towns  of  New  England,  until 


BOT 


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1821  Before  this,  the  people  could  not  be 
brought  to  consent  to  adopt  a  city  government. 
But  the  vote  was  at  length  carried,  and  the  city 
has  since  been  governed  by  a  mayor,  8  alder- 
men and  a  common  council  of  48  members.  Be- 
sides these,  each  ward  has  1  warden,  1  overseer 
of  the  poor,  1  clerk,  5  inspectors,  and  2  school 
committeemen. 

Boston  was  founded  in  August  1630.  Ihe 
first  church  was  built  in  1632.  The  American 
revolution  had  its  commencement  in  Boston. 
The  British  army  in  1775,  to  the  number  of 
10,000,  had  possession  of  the  place.  From  this 
place  the  troops  went  out  to  open  the  war  at  Lex- 
ington, and  to  engage  in  the  hard-fought  battle  of 
Bunker  Hill.  They  were  compelled  at  length, 
by  the  American  troops,  entrenched  on  Dorches- 
ter Heights,  to  withdraw  from  the  town  and  har- 
bor, in  March,  1776,  whence  they  proceeded  to 
New  York. 

No  portion  of  the  United  States  engaged  more 
actively  in  the  cause  of  American  freedom  than 
the  inhabitants  of  Boston,  or  contributed  more 
largely  towards  its  accomplishment.  John  Han- 
cock, who  was  first  president  of  the  American 
Congress,  and  first  set  his  bold  hand  to  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  was  a  citizen  of 
Boston ;  as  were  also  several  other  of  the  leaders 
of  the  revolution.  It  has,  also,  the  honor  of  be- 
ing the  birth-place  of  Benjamin  Franklin,  who 
was  born  here  Jan.  17th,  1706. 

Boston,  p-t.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y.,  18  s.  w.  Buffalo, 
299  w.  Albany,  362  W.  The  surface  is  undula- 
ting, and  the  soil  clay  and  gravelly  loam.  Drain- 
ed by  Cauquaga  cr.  The  v.  is  situated  on  Cau- 
quaga  cr.,  and  has  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Baptist 
church,  2  stores,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  carding 
machine  and  clothier's  works.  Pop.  of  the  v. 
500,  of  the  t.  1,745. 
Boston,  p-o.,  Culpepper  co.,  Va. 
Boston,  p-t.,  Summit  co.,  O.,  139  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 343  W.  Situated  on  the  Ohio  canal, 
24  s.  of  Cleveland,  by  the  course  of  the  canal. 
The  Cuyahoga  r.  passes  through  it,  and  affords 
mill  seats.  The  soil  is  fertile,  covered  chiefly 
with  a  heavy  growth  of  white  oak.  At  the  p-o. 
of  the  same  name  is  a  village,  with  1  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.,  1  store,  and  15  or  20  houses.  At  the 
centre  of  the  town  is  another  v.,  called  Boston 
Centre  or  Peninsula,  where  are  1  Episcopal 
church,  2  stores,  2  saw  m.,  1  flouring  m.,  and 
about  25  dwellings.  The  Presbyterians  and 
Methodists  have  here  places  of  worship.  The 
Ohio  canal  here  crosses  the  Cuyahoga  r.  in  an 
aqueduct.  There  are  in  the  t.  5  sch.  165  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  815. 

Boston,  p-t.,  Ionia  co.,  Mich.,  146  n.  w.  De- 
troit, 621  W.  Situated  on  Grand  r.  It  has  1  saw 
m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,500.    Pop.  85. 

Boston,  p-t.,  Nelson  co.,  Ky.,  66  s.  w.  Frank- 
fort, 608  W. 

Boston,  p-o.,  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  70  &  by.  w. 
Tuscaloosa,  882  W. 

Boston  Corner,  p-o.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass., 
160  w.  Boston,  338  W. 
Boston,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  224. 
Bost's  Mills,  p-o.,  Cabarras  co.,  N.  C,  153 
w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  392  W. 

Botetourt,  county,  Va.,  s.  of  the  middle  of 
the  state,  w.  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  contains  1,000 
sq.  ms.    The  surface  is  elevated,  and  in  some 

J  arts  mountainous.  Drained  by  tributaries  of 
ames  r.  Capital,  Fincastle.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  9,231,  sheep  13,254,  swine 
20,458 ;  wheat  197,282  bush,  produced,  rye  21,971, 
Ind.  corn  298,707,  buckwheat  2,921,  oats  185,016, 
potatoes  18,544,  tobacco  707,885  pounds ;  21  stores, 


cap.  $151,900 ;  2  furnaces,  9  tanneries,  7  distille- 
ries, 10  flouring  m.,  26  grist  m.,  33  saw  m.,  3  oil 
m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $22,650.  Pop.  1830,  16,354 ; 
1840,  whites  8,357,  slaves  2,925,  free  col'd  377: 
total,  11,679. 

Botetourt  Springs,  p-v.,  Roanoke  co.,  Va., 
186  w.  by  s.  Richmond,  238  W. 

Bottle  Hill,  v.,  Chatham  l,  Morns  co.,  N. 
J.,  57  n.  by  e.  Trenton,  223  W.  It  has  3  stores, 
1  Presbyterian  church,  an  academy,  and  40 
dwellings. 

Bouche  Saline,  p-o.,  Cole  co.,  Mo.,  48  w. 
Jefferson  city,  984  W. 

Bouckville,  p-o.,  Madison  t.,  Madison  co., 
N.  Y.,  97  w.  Albany,  363  W. 

Bourbon,  county,  Ky.,  toward  the  n.  e.  part  of 
the  state,  contains  225  sq.  ms.  Drained  by  the  S. 
Fork  of  Licking  r.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Cap- 
ital, Paris.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
16,748,  sheep  23,719,  swine  43,148 ;  wheat  90,099 
bushels  produced,  rye  121,817,  Ind.  corn  1,256,436, 
oats  157,822,  potatoes  15,485,  tobacco  4,361 
pounds,  sugar  37,159;  34  stores,  cap.  $338,550; 
1  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  1,320 
sp.,  13  distilleries,  6  rope  fac,  1  flouring  m.,  8 
grist  m.,  7  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $112,120.  6  acad. 
201  students,  26  sch.  709  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 
18,436 ;  1840,  whites  7,845,  slaves  6,325,  free 
col'd  308;  total,  14,478. 

Bound  Brook,  p-v.,  Bridgewater  t,  Somerset 
co.,  N.  J.,  33  n.  by  e.  Trenton,  200  W.  It  has  1 
Presbyterian  church,  an  academy,  4  stores,  1 
grist  m.,  and  about  50  dwellings.  The  Delaware 
and  Raritan  canal  passes  near  the  village. 
Bounty  Land,  p-o.,  Pickens  district,  S.  C. 
Bourbon,  t.,  Calloway  co.,  Mo.  It  has  3  sch. 
65  scholars.    Pop.  1,100. 

Bourneville,  p-v.,  Twin  t.,  Ross  CO.,  O.,  63 
s.  Columbus,  413  W. 

Bournsburgh,  p-v.,  Randolph  co.,  Mo.,  75  n. 
by  w.  Jefferson  city,  964  W. 

Bovey,  t.,  St.  Genevieve  co.,  Mo.  1  acad.  20 
students,  1  sch.  20  scholars.    Pop.  462. 

Bovina,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  e.  Delhi, 
76  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  350  W.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  the  soil  well  adapted  \o  grazing.  Drained 
by  Little  Delaware  r.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$10,800 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,250.  13  sch.  478 
scholars.    Pop.  1,403. 

Bovina,  p-o.  Warren  co.,  Miss.,  34  w.  Jackson, 
1,044  W. 

Bovina  Centre,  p-o.,  Bovina  t.,  Delaware  co., 
N.  Y.,  76  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  350  W. 

Bow,  p-t.,  Merrimac  co.,  N.  H.,  7  s.  Concord, 
477  W.  It  lies  w.  of  Merrimac  r.  The  soil  is 
uneven  and  hard,  but  fertile  with  good  cultiva- 
tion. Drained  by  Turkey  r.,  which  here  enters 
the  Merrimac.  Bow  canal  along  Bow  falls,  in 
the  Merrimac,  is  I  of  a  mile  long,  with  4  locks, 
which  overcome  a  fall  of  25  feet,  finished  in  1812, 
and  cost  $25,000.  There  are  in  the  t.,  1  store, 
cap.  $500 ;  1  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $7,600.     12  sch.  262  scholars.     Pop.  1,001. 

Bowdoin,  p-t,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  17  w.  Wis- 
casset,  18  s.  s.  w.  Augusta,  577  W.  Incorporated 
1788.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $2,000 ;  1  fulling  m., 
1  tannery,  3  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,165. 
18  sch.  849  scholars.    Pop.  2,073. 

Bowdoinham,  p-t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  21  s.  by 
w.  Augusta,  12  n.  Bath,  579  W.  It  lies  on  the 
w.  side  of  Kennebec  r.  It  carries  on  the  lumber 
trade  and  ship  building  to  a  considerable  extent. 
Incorporated  in  1762.  It  has  several  com.  houses, 
cap.  $61,476;  14  ret.  stores,  cap.  $52,000 ;  1  grist 


BOY 


75 


BRA 


m.,  2  saw  m.    Cap.   in  manufac.  $57,975.     18 
sch.  976  scholars.     Pop.  2,402. 

Bowen,  t.,  Madison  co.,  Ark.     Pop.  453. 

Bowers,  p-o.,  Southampton  co.,  Va.,  78  s.  by 
K.  Richmond,  197  W. 

Bowers  Store,  p-o.,  Ashe  co.,  N.  C. 

Bowersville,  p-v.,  Franklin  co.,  Ga.,  124  N. 
Milledgeville,  595  W. 

Bowers,  p-o.,  Fluvanna  co.,  Va. 

Bowles,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  Mo.  It  has  5  sch.  90 
scholars.    Pop.  1,449. 

Bowling  Green,  p-o.,  Plain  t.,  Wood  co.,  O., 
115  n.  n.  w.  Columbus,  469  W. 

Bowling  Green,  p-v.,  capital  of  Caroline  co., 
Va.,  40  n.  Richmond,  80  W.  It  is  built  round  a 
beautiful  green,  ornamented  with  trees  and  shrub- 
bery. It  has  a  neat  court  house,  and  other  county 
buildings,  1  Episcopal  and  1  Reformed  Baptist 
church,  about  40  dwellings,  and  250  inhabitants, 

Bowling  Green,  p-v.,  capital  of  Warren  co.. 
Ky.,  144  s.  w.  Frankfort,  668  W.  Situated  on 
Big  Barren  r.,  a  branch  of  Green  r.,  at  the  head 
of  slack-water  navigation,  accessible  by  steam- 
boats of  200  tons,  throughout  the  year.  It  is  180 
ms.  from  the  Ohio,  by  the  course  of  the  r.  It  has 
a  large  brick  court  house,  a  college,  a  female  sem- 
inary, 3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  1 
Methodist — 12  or  14  stores,  and  many  mechanic 
shops.  It  has  considerable  trade,  and  the  princi- 
pal article  of  export  is  tobacco.  Pop.  1,400. 
Bowling  Green,  t.,  Licking  co.,  O.    It  has 

1  sch.  25  scholars.     Pop.  1,464. 
Bowling  Green,  p-v.,  capital  of  Clay  co.,  la., 

60  s.  by  w.  Indianapolis,  631  W.  It  is  situated 
on  Eel  r.,  a  branch  of  White  r.  It  has  a  court 
house,  several  stores  and  dwellings.  In  the  t.  there 
are  7  stores,  cap.  $29,750  ;  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m., 

2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  9,755.  1  acad.  45 
students,  2  sch.  105  scholars.    Pop.  235. 

Bowling  Green,  t.,  Pettis  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  410. 

Bowling  Green,  p-o.,  Fayette  co.,  111.,  80  s. 
s.  e.  Springfield,  742  W. 

Bowling  Green,  p-v.,  Oglethorpe  co.,  Ga., 
63  n.  n.  e.  Milledgeville,  596  W. 

Bowling  Green,  t.,  Marion  co.,  O.,  on  the  s. 
side  of  Scioto  r.  It  contains  2  sch.  60  scholars. 
Pop.  324. 

Bowling  Green,  p-o.,  Pike  co.,  Mo.,  76  n.  e. 
Jefferson  city,  880  W. 

Bowman's  Creek,  p-o.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  139 
N.  N.  e.  Harrisburg,  248  W. 

Bowman's  Mills,  p-o.,  Rockingham  co.,  Va., 
144  n.  w.  Richmond,  127  W. 

Bowmansville,  p-o.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa. 

Bowshersville,  p-o.,  Crawford  co.,  O.,  61  n. 
Columbus,  424  W. 

Boxborough,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Ms.,  28  n.  w. 
by  w.  Boston,  476  W.  Incorporated,  1783.  Sit- 
uated between  Concord  and  Nashua  rivers.  It 
has  some  manufactures  of  shoes,  palm-leaf  hats, 
and  straw  bonnets.  Hops  are  extensively  culti- 
vated.   It  contains  1  Congregational  church. 

Boxford,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  Ms.,  29  n.  by  e.  Bos- 
ton, 13  s.  w.  Newburyport,  469  W.  The  surface 
is  uneven,  and  the  soil  indifferent,  but  well  cul- 
tivated. It  has  1  Congregationalist  and  1  Unita- 
rian church.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $1,600  ;  1  cot- 
ton fac.  488  sp.,  1  tannery,  4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,800.  6  sch.  205  scholars. 
Pop.  942. 

Boxley,  p-o.,  Hamilton  co.,  la.,  40  n.  by  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 578  W. 

Boxville,  p-v.,  Montgomery  co.,  Ga.,  129  s.s. 
E.  Milledgeville,  740  W, 


Boyd's  Crkkk,  p -<».,  Sevier  co.,  Tenn.,  225  e. 
by  s.  Nashville,  502  \Y  . 

Boyd's  Stork,  p-o.,  Polk  co.,  Mo.,  145  s.  w. 
Jefferson  city,  1,081  W. 

Boyd's  Tavern,  p-o.,  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  74 
w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  123  W. 

Boydstown,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  101  n.  e. 
Augusta,  696  W. 

Boydsville,  p-o.,  Weakly  co.,  Tenn.,  118  w. 
by  n.  Nashville,  804  W. 

Boydton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Mecklenburg  co., 
Va.,  109  s.  s.  w.  Richmond,  222  W.  It  contains 
a  court  house  and  other  co.  buildings,  2  churches — 
1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist — 4  stores,  vari- 
ous mechanic  shops,  and  80  or  90  dwellings.  Ran- 
dolph Macon  College,  chiefly  under  the  direction 
of  the  Methodists,  is  situated  1  m.  w.  It  was 
founded  in  1832,  has  a  president,  and  5  professors 
or  other  instructors,  and  98  students.  The  com- 
mencement is  on  the  3d  Wednesday  in  June. 

Boyerstown,  p-o.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  69  e.  by  N. 
Harrisburg,  162  W. 

Boykin's  Depot,  p-o.,  Southampton  co.,  Va., 
84  s.  by  e.  Richmond,  203  W. 

Boyle,  county,  Ky.  Taken  principally  from 
Mercer  co.  in  1842.  Situated  in  the  central  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  175  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  head  branches  of  Salt  r.,  and  by  branches  of 
Dick's  r.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Capital,  Danville. 
Boylston,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Ms.,  39  w.  Bos- 
ton, 408  W.  Watered  by  Nashua  r.  Incorpora- 
ted, 1786.  It  has  some  manufactures,  and  5  sch. 
264  scholars.    Pop.  797. 

Boylston,  t.,  Oswego  co.,  N.  Y.,  140  n.  w. 
Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  rough ;  soil, 
fertile  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  Little  Sandy 
and  Trout  crs.  It  has  1  saw  m.,  6  sch.  150  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  481. 

Boyle^s  Store,  p-o.,  Stokes  co.,  N.  C,  142 
w.  n.  w.  Raleigh,  313  W. 

Bozrah,  p-t.,  New  London  co.,  Ct.,  33  e.  s.  e. 
Hartford,  359  W.  Watered  by  Yantic  r.,  which 
affords  water  power.  The  soil  is  a  fertile  gravel- 
ly loam.  In  July,  1799,  a  terrible  hail  storm  pass- 
ed over  it,  destroying  the  crops,  and  demolishing 
the  glass  in  houses.  Some  of  the  stones  measur- 
ed 6  inches  in  circumference.  It  has  2  flourish- 
ing manufacturing  villages.  It  contains  1  Con- 
gregational, 1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist  church, 
and  has  4  stores,  cap.  $2,000 ;  2  cotton  fac.  5,484 
sp.,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $81,700.  6  schools,  288  scholars.  Pop. 
1,067. 

Bozrahville,  p-v.,  Bozrah  t.,  New  London 
co.,  Ct.,  31  e.  s.  E.  Hartford,  355  W. 

Braceville,  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  164  n.  e. 
Columbus,  310  W.  It  is  a  good  grazing  town,  and 
has  some  fine  dairies. 

Brackabeen,  p-v.,  Fulton  t.,  Schoharie  co.,  N. 
Y.,  45  w.  Albany,  381  W.  It  has  1  Dutch  Re- 
formed church,  3  stores,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1 
tannery,  and  12  or  15  dwellings. 

Bracken,  county,  Ky .,  in  the  n.  e.  part  of  the 
state,  on  the  Ohio  r.,  contains  220  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed on  the  s.  by  the  n.  branch  of  Licking  r.  The 
surface  is  broken,  but  the  soil  productive.  Cap- 
ital, Augusta.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
4,953,  sheep  7,963,  swine  13,865;  wheat  183,569 
bush,  produced,  rye  8,531,  Ind.  corn  282,018,  bar- 
ley 1,335,  oats  76,425,  potatoes  6,121,  tobacco 
343,485  pounds,  sugar  4,466 ;  13  stores,  capital 
$86,200;  llumber  yard,  cap.  $1,200;  1  woollen 
fac,  4  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  4  flouring  mills,  7 
grist  m.,  7  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $32,390.    1 


Boyd's,  p-o.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.,  150  n.  e.  Co-  college,  104  students,  1  acad.  103  students,  9  sch. 
lumbus,  294  W.  233  scholars.    Pop.   1830,  6,518;    1840,  whites. 

Boyd's,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,  la.  1 6,083,  slaves  819<  free  col'd  151 ;  total,  7,053. 


BRA 


Bradford,  t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  204  w.  s.  w. 
Albany  Surface  uneven,  soil  good.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $11,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  3  grist 
m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,875.  9  sch. 
396  scholars.     Pop.  1,547. 

Bradford,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  94  N.  E. 
Augusta,  689  W.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,000 ;  1 
tannery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$3,100.    7  sch.  396  scholars.     Pop.  1,000. 

Bradford,  p-t.,  Merrimac  co.,  N.  H.,  25  w. 
Concord,  472  W.  Situated  about  midway  be- 
tween Merrimac  and  Connecticut  rs.  It  contains 
several  large  ponds.  Incorporated  in  1787.  It 
has  6  stores,  cap.  $17,500 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m., 
2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,550.  1  acad.  52 
students,  9  sch.  386  scholars.    Pop.  1,331. 

Bradford,  p-t.,  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  32  s.  e.  Mont- 
pelier,  512  W.  It  lies  on  Connecticut  r.  There 
is  a  small  manufacturing  v.  on  Waits  r.  half  a  mile 
from  its  mouth,  where  there  are  a  number  of 
neat  houses  and  various  mills.  The  first  globes 
ever  manufactured  in  the  United  States,  were 
made  here.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $21,000  ;  2  full- 
ing m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  paper  fac,  2 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $47,200.  1 
acad.  158  students,  10  sch.  447  scholars.  Pop. 
1,655. 

Bradford,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  Ms.,  35  n.  Boston, 
466  W.  It  lies  on  Merrimac  r.  The  surface  is 
uneven,  but  the  soil  is  good.  Johnson's  creek 
affords  water  power.  A  bridge  across  the  Mer- 
rimac, 650  feet  long,  connects  this  place  with 
Haverhill.  It  has  various  manufactures,  chiefly 
of  boots  and  shoes.  It  has  3  churches — 2  Congre- 
gational and  1  free ;  12  stores,  cap.  $13,500 ;  4 
tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$76,000 ;  $65,700  of  which  is  in  leather  manufac- 
tured. 4  academies,  216  students,  10  sch.  1,105 
scholars.    Pop.  2,222. 

Bradford,  p-o.,  Washington  t.,  Scioto  co.,  O., 
92  s.  Columbus,  426  W. 

Bradford,  county,  Pa.,  in  the  N.  e.  part  of  the 
state,  contains  1,200  square  ms.  The  n.  branch 
of  Susquehanna  river  passes  through  it,  and  re- 
ceives in  the  n.  part  the  Chemung  r.  It  has 
also  Towanda  and  Sugar  creeks.  The  surface 
is,  to  a  considerable  extent,  mountainous,  though 
there  is  much  good  land,  particularly  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  the  Susquehanna.  Bituminous  coal  is 
found  on  Towanda  cr.  The  capital  is  Towanda. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  34,099,  sheep 
68,767,  swine  23,283;  wheat  154,266  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  45,738,  Ind.  corn  140,632,  buckwheat 
77,863,  oats  220,993,  potatoes  363,412  ;  91  stores, 
cap.  $328,874 ;  2  furnaces,  15  fulling  m.,  7  wool- 
len fac,  18  tanneries,  4  distilleries,  43  grist  mills, 
213  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  4  printing  offices,  4  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $331,990.  3  acad. 
179  students,  190  sch.  7,948  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 
19,669 ;  1840,  32,769. 

Bradford,  t.,  McKean  co.,  Pa!  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $300  ;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $7,800.  4  schools,  73  scholars.  Pop. 
375. 

Bradford,  t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  acad. 
72  students.    Pop.  1,319. 

Bradford  Springs,  p-o.,  Sumter  district,  S. 
C,  48  e.  Columbia,  483  W. 

Bradfordville,  p-v.,  Marion  county,  Ky.,  68 
Frankfort,  590  W. 

Bradley,  county,  Tenn.,  in  the  s.  e.  part  of 
the  state.  Drained  by  Hiawassie  r.  and  branch- 
es. Surface  mountainous,  fertile  land  on  the 
margins  of  streams.  Capital,  Cleveland.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,426,  sheep  3,417,  swine 
19,136 ;  wheat  16,854  bushels  produced,  rye  908, 
Indian  corn  420,968,  oats  48,480,  potatoes  10,450, 


76 BRA 

tobacco  13,335  pounds,  cotton  21,669,  sugar  2,481 ; 
15  stores,  cap.  $57,900 ;  5  tanneries,  6  distille- 
ries, 11  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$11,  225.  2  academies,  80  students,  11  schools, 
172  scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,971,  slaves  401,  free 
col'd  13 ;  total,  7,385. 

Bradley,  t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.     It  has  20 
saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $157,000.     125  schol- 
3  in  sch.     Pop.  395. 

Bradleyvale,  t.,  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.  It  has  1 
sch.  18  scholars.     Pop.  50. 

Bradleyville,  p-o.,  Sumter  dist.,  S.  C,  77  e. 
Columbia,  513  W. 

Bradshaw,  p-o.,  Giles  county,  Tenn.,  84  s.  w. 
Nashville,  744  W. 
Brady,  t.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  692. 
Brady,  t.,  Williams  co.,  O.,  on  Tiffins  r.  It  has 
2  stores,  cap.  $800 ;  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  sch.  25 
scholars.     Pop.  351. 

Brady,  p-t.,  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  146  w.  De- 
troit, 608  W.  Drained  by  Portage  r.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $29,000 ;  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$2,300.    4  sch.  159  scholars.     Pop.  1,175. 

Bradyville,  p-v.,  Cannon  county,  Tenn.,  56 
s.  e.  Nashville,  661  W. 

Braggs,  p-o.,  Lowndes  co.,  Ala.,  120  Tusca- 
loosa, 877  W. 

Brainard's  Bridge,  p-v.,  Nassau  t.,  Rensse- 
laer co.  N.  Y.,  16  n.  e.  Albany,  369  W.  It  con- 
tains 1  Methodist  church,  1  store,  1  cotton  fac, 
and  40  dwellings.    Pop.  200. 

Braintree,  p-t.,  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  23  s.  Mont- 
pelier,  494  W.  Watered  by  branches  of  White 
r.  It  is  a  good  grazing  t.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$4,500 ;  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $10,400.  12  sch.  460  scholars.  Pop. 
1,232. 

Braintree,  p-t.,  Norfolk  co.,  Ms.,  14  s.  Boston, 
442  W.  The  surface  is  diversified,  and  the  soil 
a  fertile  gravelly  loam.  It  has  considerable  man- 
ufactures, and  some  shipping  employed  in  the 
coasting  trade  and  the  fisheries.  Mantiquot  riv- 
er affords  water  power.  A  fine  granite  is  obtain- 
ed here.  First  settled  in  1625,  incorporated  in 
1640.  It  has  1  Congregational  and  1  Unitarian 
church.  The  elder  President  Adams  was  born 
here.  It  has  16  stores,  cap.  $24,300  ;  1  woollen 
fac,  1  cotton  fac  1,000  sp.,  1  tannery,  1  paper 
factory,  6  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $124,145.  13 
schools,  564  scholars.     Pop.  2,168. 

Braintrem,  p-t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  163  n.  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  273  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ; 
soil,  gravel  and  alluvion.  Exports  lumber  down 
the  Susquehanna,  which  bounds  it  on  the  south. 
It  has  three  stores,  cap.  $10,650 ;  1  fulling  m.,  3 
grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac.  $10,600. 
6  sch.  275  scholars.    Pop.  1,355. 

Bralsville,  v.,  Monroe  co.,  O.    Pop.  194. 
Braman's  Corners,  p-o.,  Duanesburgh  town, 
Schenectady  county,  N.  Y.,  35  w.  N.  w.  Albany, 
402  W. 

Branch,  county,  Mich.,  in  the  s.  part  of  the 
state,  contains  528  sq.  ms.  Drained  by  branches 
of  St.  Joseph's  r.  The  surface  is  rolling,  and  the 
soil  a  rich  sandy  loam.  Capital,  Branch.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,211,  sheep  744,  swine 
13,224;  wheat  67,317  bushels  produced,  Indian 
corn  89,085,  buckwheat  1,189,  barley  4,073,  oats 
70,222,  potatoes  74,243,  sugar  46,005  pounds  ;  11 
stores,  capital  $48,000 ;  1  furnace,  1  brewery,  3 
flouring  m.,  5  grist  m.,  15  saw  m.,  1  printing  office, 
1  weekly  newspaper.  Capital  in  manufactures, 
$107,250.  47  schools,  789  scholars.  Population, 
5,715. 

Branch,  p-v.,  Coldwater  t.,  capital  of  Branch 
co.,  Mich.,  113  w.  s.  w.  Detroit,  561 W.  Situated 
on  the  w.  branch  of  Coldwater  r. 


BRA 


77 


BRE 


Branch,  t.,  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.  It  has  8  stores, 
cap.  $42,300 ;  1  brewery,  2  grist  m.,  14  saw  mills  ; 
103,500  tons  of  anthracite  coal  produced  ;  3  sch. 
145  scholars.    Pop.  1,422. 

Branch  Port,  p-v.,  Jerusalem  t.,  Yates  co., 
N.  Y.,  201  w.  Albany,  327  W.  Situated  on  the 
w.  branch  of  Crooked  Lake.  It  has  1  Presbyte- 
rian and  1  Baptist  church,  3  stores,  25  dwellings, 
and  about  125  inhabitants. 

Branchville,  p-v.,  Frankford  t.,  Sussex  co., 
N.  J.,  77  n.  Trenton,  246  W.  A  branch  of  Pau- 
linskill  affords  mill  seats. 

Branchville,  p-o.,  Orangeburg  dist.,  S.  C, 
62  s.  Columbia,  568  W. 

Branchville,  p-o.,  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala.,  108  n. 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  736  W. 

Brandenburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Mead  co.,  Ky., 
94  w.  by  s.  Frankfort,  634  W.  Situated  on  the 
south  bank  of  the  Ohio  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house  and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Brandon,  p-t.,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  48  s.  w.  Mont- 
pelier,  16  s.  Middlebury,  472  W.  Otter  creek 
passes  through  it,  and  Mill  river,  a  branch  of  it, 
furnishes  good  water  power.  Excepting  on  Otter 
creek,  where  the  land  is  rich,  much  of  the  soil  is 
rather  light.  Bog  iron  ore  and  marble  are  found. 
First  settled,  1775.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $20,000 ;  1 
tannery,  4  furnaces,  1  printing  office.  Capital  in 
manufac.  $4,550.  1  acad.  80  students,  13  schools, 
783  scholars.    Pop.  2,194. 

Brandon,  p-v.,  capital  of  Rankin  co.,  Miss.,  13 
E.  Jackson,  to  which  it  is  connected  by  railroad, 
1003  W.  It  contains  a  court  house,  several  stores 
and  dwellings. 

Brandon,  t.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.  Drained  by 
head  waters  of  Flint  r.    Pop.  442. 

Brandon,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  s.  w.  Ma- 
lone,  215  n.  by  w.  Albany,  is  a  rough  town,  cov- 
ered mostly  with  forest,  with  several  lakes  in  its 
s.  part.  Drained  by  Saranac,  St.  Regis,  and 
Racket  rs.  It  has  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$1,050.  5  sch.  192  scholars.    Pop.  531. 

Brandonville,  p-v.,  Preston  co.,  Va.,  267  N. 
w.  Richmond,  189  W. 

Brand's  Iron  Works,  p-o.,  Washington  co., 
R.  I.,  28  s.  by  w.  Providence,  380  W. 

Brandt,  t.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y.,  is  situated  on  Lake 
Erie,  20  s.  s.  w.  Buffalo,  300  w.  Albany.  The 
surface  is  hilly,  and  the  soil,  a  moist  clay  and 

avelly  loam,  fertile  in  grass  and  grain.    It  has 

store,  6  sch.  219  scholars.     Pop.  1,088. 

Brandy,  t,  Williams  co.,  O.  It  has  1  school, 
25  scholars.    Pop.  351. 

Brandywine  Creek,  Pa.  and  Del.,  rises  near 
the  boundary  between  Lancaster  co.  and  Chester 
co.,  Pa.,  and  flows  through  Delaware  ;  and  after 
uniting  with  Christiana  creek,  it  enters  the  Dela- 
ware river,  forming  the  harbor  of  Wilmington.  It 
furnishes  many  excellent  mill  seats,  and  is  navi- 
gable to  Brandywine  v.  and  mills,  where  there  is 
6  or  8  feet  of  water,  at  high  tide. 

Brandywine,  p-o.,  Prince  George's  co.,  Md., 
40  s.  w.  Annapolis,  94  W. 

Brandywine,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  la.  It  has  1 
grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures  $1,900 
Pop.  693. 

Brandywine,  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,  la.,  20  s.  E.  In 
dranapolis,  570  W. 

Brandywine,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.  Watered  by 
Brandywine  and  Beaver  creeks.  It  has  6  stores 
cap.  $7,200;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  distillery 
1  flouring  mill,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  1  paper  fac 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,815.  6  schools,  300  scholars 
Pop.  1,672. 

Brandywine,  hundred,  New  Castle  co.,  Del 
It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $5,600 ;  1  woollen  fac,  3  cot- 
ton fac.  7,212  sp.,  5  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  2  saw 


g™ 

1  st< 


m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  232,950.     7  sch.  415  scho- 
lars.    Pop-  3,387. 

Brandywine  Manor,  p-o.,  Chester  co.,  Pa. 
60  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  131  W. 

Brandywine  Mills,  p-v.,  Northfield  t.,  Sum- 
mit co.,  O.,  141  n  E.  Columbus,  341  W.  Here  is 
a  saw  m.,  carding  machine,  woollen  factory,  and 
several  houses. 

Branford,  p-t.,  New  Haven  co.,  Ct.,  43  s.  by 
w.  Hartford,  7  e.  New  Haven,  307  W.  It  lies 
on  Long  Island  Sound.  Settled  in  1644.  Drain- 
ed by  Branford  r.,  which  is  navigable  a  short  dis- 
tance for  small  vessels.  The  surface  is  uneven, 
and  the  soil  fertile.  A  beautiful  pond,  called 
Saltonstall's  Lake,  lies  on  its  w.  border,  between 
this  town  and  East  Haven.  Thimble  and  Indian 
islands  are  within  its  limits,  in  Long  Island  Sound. 
It  contains  3  churches — 1  Congregational,  1  Bap- 
tist, and  1  Episcopal.  It  has  7  stores,  capital 
$11,800  ;  1  tannery,  1  paper  fac,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $27,000.  1  acad.  60  stu- 
dents, 7  sch.  319  scholars.    Pop.  1,322. 

Brantingham,  p-o.,  Greig  t.,  Lewis  co.,N.  Y., 
136  n.  w.  Albany,  435  W. 

Brashearville,  p-o.,  Perry  co.,  Ky.,  166  s. 
E.  by  e.  Frankfort,  515  W. 

Brasher  Falls,  p-v.,  Brasher  t.,  St.  Law- 
rence county,  N.  Y.  Situated  on  Deer  river, 
where  are  falls  and  rapids  furnishing  extensive 
water  power,  around  which  is  a  small  manufac- 
turing settlement.  There  are  in  the  t.  3  stores, 
cap.  $9,700 ;  1  furnace,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,900.  13  sch.  426 
scholars.  Pop.  2,118. 
Brass  Bell,  p-o.,  Pendleton  co.,  Ky. 
Brattleborough,  p-t.,  Windham  co.,  Vt, 
121  s.  Montpelier,  76  E.  Albany  95  w.  n.  w.  Boston, 
422  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank  of  the  Con- 
necticut r.  Settled  in  1724,  and  called  Fort 
Dummer :  the  earliest  settlement  in  the  state.  It 
has  an  e.  and  w.  village.  The  e.  village  is  a 
beautiful  and  flourishing  place,  and  for  business 
and  wealth  is  surpassed  by  few  villages  in  the 
state.  The  Whetstone  branch  here  furnishes 
extensive  water  power,  just  before  its  entrance 
into  the  Connecticut  r.  Among  its  manufactures, 
"The  Brattleboro'  Typographic  Co.,"  established 
in  1836,  with  a  capital  of  $150,000,  deserves  to  be 
mentioned.  They  have  a  paper  mill  and  an  ex- 
tensive publishing  establishment,  and  have  is- 
sued many  large  and  valuable  works,  which  have 
been  widely  diffused.  It  has  20  stores,  capital 
$99,500 ;  3  tanneries,  1  furnace,  1  paper  fac,  3 
grist  m.,  7  saw  m.,  3  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $237,600.  2  acad. 
245  students,  16  sch.  838  scholars.     Pop.  2,624. 

Bratton's,  p-o.,  Smith  co.,  Term.,  54  n  e. 
Nashville,  663  W. 

Brattonsville,  p-o.,  York  dist.,  S.  C,  96 
Columbia,  440  W. 
Braxton,  county,  Va.,  lies  n.  w.  of  the  Alle- 
hany  mountains,  m  the  n.  w.  part  of  the  state, 
"atered  by  Elk  and  Little  Kanawha  rivers. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,890,  sheep 
3,097,  swine  5,614 ;  wheat  8,960  bush,  produced, 
Ind.  corn  68,627,  oats  20,929,  potatoes  5,844,  to- 
bacco 4,155  pounds,  sugar  19,420,  domestic  salt 
4,000  bushels ;  2  stores,  cap.  $10,500 ;  2  tanneries, 
5  distilleries,  20  grist  m.,  20  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $21,007.  Pop.  1840,  whites  2,509,  slaves, 
64,  free  col'd  2 ;  total,  2,575. 

Braxton,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Braxton  co., 
Va.,  321  w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  289  W.  Situated 
on  n.  side  of  Elk  r.  It  contains  a  court  house 
and  a  few  dwellings. 

Breckenridge,  county,  Ky.,  on  the  Oluor.,  in 
the  n.  part  of  the  state,  contains  700  square  nw. 


trh; 
W 


BRE 


78 


BRI 


Bounded  by  Green  r.,  s.,  by  branches  of  which 
it  is  watered.  Capital,  Hardensburg.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,557,  sheep  13,846, 
swine  23,951 ;  wheat  75,430  bush,  prod.,  rye  3,028, 
Ind.  corn  356,352,  oats  119,032,  potatoes  20,527, 
tobacco  1,807,104  pounds,  sugar  4,115,  29  stores, 
cap.  $196,000;  8  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2  flouring 
m.,  15  grist  ra.,  12  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac.  $40,525.  1  acad.  52  students.  Pop.  1830, 
7,345;  1840,  whites  7,239,  slaves  1,691,  free  col'd 
14 ;  total,  8,944. 

Breakneck,  p-o.,  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  219  w.  by 
N.  Harrisburg,  257  W. 

Breathitt,  county,  Ky.,  in  the  e.  part  of  the 
state.  Contains  700  sq.  miles.  Drained  by  the 
n.  fork  of  Kentucky  r.  and  branches.  Surface 
hilly  and  mountainous,  soil  on  the  margins  of  the 
streams,  moderately  fertile.  Capital,  Breathitt. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,517,  sheep  2,294, 
swine  9,674;  wheat  1,628  bushels  produced;  Ind. 
corn  91.185,  oats  7,749,  potatoes  2,994,  tobacco 
2,648  pounds,  cotton  4,270,  sugar  12,377;  21,017 
bushels  bituminous  coal  produced ;  9  distilleries, 
9  grist  m.,  1  saw  ra.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $900. 
Pop.  whites  2,076,  slaves  119 ;  total,  2,195. 

Breathitt,  C.  H.,  p-o.,  capital  of  Breathitt 
co.,  Ky.,  121  e.  s.  E.  Frankfort,  530  W.  Situated 
on  the  N.  e.  side  of  Kentucky  r. 

Brean's  Bridge,  p-o.,  St.  Martin's  par.,  La., 
188  w.  New  Orleans,  1,271  W. 

Brecknock,  t.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.  Drained 
by  the  branches  of  Marshy  cr.,  which  afford  mill 
seats.  Surface  hilly ;  sou,  red  shale.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap,  $5,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
1  tannery,  2  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  6  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,700.  5  sch.  145  scholars. 
Pop.  732. 

Brecknock,  t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is 
hilly;  soil,  gravel.  Drained  by  Big  and  Little 
Muddy  creeks.  It  has  1  store,  1  tannery,  3  grist 
am.,  3  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,350. 
Pop.  935. 

Breedings,  p-o.,  Adair  co.,  Ky.,  132  s.  by  w. 
Frankfort,  626  W. 

Breesville,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  HI.,  177  s.  by  e. 
Springfield,  853  W. 

N.  E.  Harrisburg,  170  W. 

Bremen,  p-t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  40  s.  E.  Au- 
gusta, 15  e.  s.  E.  Wiscasset,  recently  taken  from 
the  E.  part  of  Bristol  t.  It  is  extensively  bordered 
hy  navigable  waters.  It  has  4  stores,  capital 
$7,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $4,350.  7  sch.  250  scholars.  Pop.  837. 

Bremen,  p-v.,  Rush  creek  t.,  Fairfield  co.,  O., 
39  s.  e.  Columbus,  364  W. 

Bremen,  p-o.,  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ky.,  182  w.  s 
w.  Frankfort,  724  W. 

Bremo,  p-o.,  Callaway  county,  Ky.,  263  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  790  W. 

Brent's,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  36  n.  w.  Frank 
fort,  578  W. 

Brentsville,  C.  H.,  p-o.,  capital  of  Prince 
William  co.,  Va.,  101  n.  Richmond,  45  W. 

Brentwood,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.,  35 
s.  E.  Concord,  485  W.  The  soil  is  adapted  chiefly 
to  grazing.  Exeter  r.  passes  through  it,  and  fur- 
nishes by  its  falls  valuable  mill  seats .  Incorporat- 
ed in  1742.  Iron  ore  and  vitriol  combined  with  sul- 
phur have  been  found  here.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$2,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  cotton  fac.  500  sp.,  1  tan- 
nery, 4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  4  schools,  25  scholars. 
Pop.  898. 

Brest,  p-v.,  Frenchtown  t.,  Monroe  county, 
Michigan,  33  s.  by  w.  Detroit,  6  Monroe,  491  W. 
Situated  at  the  mouth  of  Stony  creek.  It  has  1 
saw  in.,  1  store,  and  a  number  of  dwellings. 


Brewer,  p-t.,  Penobscot  county,  Me.,  70  E. 
n.  e.  Augusta,  665  W.  It  lies  on  the  e.  side  of 
Penobscot  r.  Separated  from  Orrington  in  1812. 
Watered  by  a  small  stream  which  affords  valu- 
able water  power,  on  which  are  mills.  It  is  ac- 
cessible for  vessels  by  the  Penobscot  r.  It  has  4 
stores,  can.  $4,500;  3  tanneries,  1  rope  fac,  1 
grist  m.,  b  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $16,500. 
13  schools,  741  scholars.     Pop.  1,736. 

Brewer,  t.,  Pike  county,  Ark.    Pop.  284. 

Brewerton,  p-v.,  Cicero  t.,  Onondaga  co., 
N.  Y.,  144  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  362  W.  It  has  1 
store,  40  dwellings,  and  300  inhabitants.  There 
is  here  a  toll  bridge  over  Oneida  r. 

Brewerton,  p-o.,  Laurens  dist.,  S.  C,  95 
n.  w.  Columbia,  523  W. 

Brewer  Village,  p-o.,  Brewer  t.,  Penobscot 
co.,  Me.,  72  e.  n.  e.  Augusta,  667  W. 

Brewington,  p-o.,  Sumter  dist.,  S.  C,  81  E. 
by  s.  Columbia,  517  W. 

Brewster,  p-t.,  Barnstable  co.,  Ms.,  90  s.  E. 
Boston,  16  e.  by  N.  Barnstable,  499  W  It  lies 
on  Cape  Cod  Bay,  and  was  separated  from  the 
n.  part  of  Harwich  in  1830.  A  stream  issuing 
from  a  large  pond  affords  mill  seats.  It  has  con- 
siderable manufactures  ;  but  the  inhabitants  are 
chiefly  employed  in  the  fisheries.  It  has  4 
churches — 1  Congregational,  1  Baptist,  1  Metho- 
dist, and  1  Unitarian ;  7  stores,  cap.  $15,000 ;  3 
tanneries,  2  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,888. 
6  sch.  578  scholars.     Pop.  1,522. 

Brewster's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Stephenson  co., 
111.,  216  n.  Springfield,  848  W. 

Brickersville,  p-o.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  30 
E.  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  124  W. 

Brickland,  p-o.,  Lunenburg  co.,  Va.,  95  s.  s. 
w.  Richmond,  211  W. 

Brick  Meeting  House,  p-o.,  Cecil  co.,  Md., 
•78  n.  e.  Annapolis,  88  W. 

Bricksville,  p-t.,  Cuyahoga  co.,  O.,  140  n.  e. 
Columbus,  353  W.  The  Cuyahoga  r.  and  the 
Ohio  canal  pass  through  the  n.  e.  corner  of  the 
t.  The  soil  is  fertile.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $8,000; 
2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m., 
5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,100.  7  sch.  405 
scholars.     Pop.  1,124. 

Brickville,  p-o.,  Lawrence  co.,  Ala.,  141  E. 
by  n.  Tuscaloosa,  781  W. 

Bridesburg,  p-v.,  Philadelphia  co.,  Pa.,  153 
E.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  333  W. 

Bridge  Creek,  p-o.,  Geauga  co.,  O.,  256  n. 
e.  Columbus,  336  W. 

Bridgehampton,  p-v.,  Southampton  t.,  Suf- 
folk co.,  N.  Y.,  54  s.  s.  e.  Albany,  283  W.  It  is 
an  agricultural  settlement  in  the  eastern  part  of 
Long  Island,  and  contains  1  church,  1  store,  2 
wind  mills,  and  15  or  20  dwellings. 

Bridgeport,  city  and  p-t.,  Fairfield  co.,  Ct., 
75  s.  s.  w.  Hartford,  17  w.  s.  w.  New  Haven, 
62  n.  e.  N.  York,  270  W.  The  t,  which  contains 
10  square  miles,  was  separated  from  Stratford  in 
1821.  The  city  was  incorporated  in  1836.  It 
stands  on  the  w.  side  of  an  arm  of  Long  Island 
sound,  into  the  head  of  which"  Pequanock  river, 
a  considerable  mill  stream,  enters.  The  harbor 
is  80  rods  wide  at  high  water,  but  not  more  than 
12  of  it  has  water  at  low  tide.  The  bar,  at  its 
mouth,  has  13  feet  at  high  tide.  There  is  a  light- 
house on  Fairweather  Island.  A  mile  and  a 
half  above  its  entrance,  the  harbor  is  crossed  by 
a  toll  bridge,  1,237  feet  long.  The  ground  on 
which  the  city  is  built  is  elevated  about  12  feet 
above  high  water,  n.  w.  of  the  city  another 
more  elevated  plain  commences,  which  gradu- 
ally rises  to  the  height  of  50  feet  above  the  lower 
town,  which  affords  a  fine  prospect  of  the  sound 
and  surrounding  country.    The  city  is  neatly 


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built,  and  contains  6  churches, — 2  Congregation- 
alists,  1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist,  and 

1  Roman  Catholic.  It  has  2  banks,  and  20  ves- 
sels engaged  in  the  coasting  trade,  and  5  in  the 
fisheries.  Its  manufactures,  particularly  of  car- 
riages and  saddles,  are  extensive.  The  Hous- 
atonic  railroad  connects  this  place  with  West 
Stockbridge,  where  it  meets  the  railroad  from 
Boston  to  Albany.  Daily  steamboats  connect  it 
with  New  York.  It  contains  73  stores,  capital 
$323,500 ;  6  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  cotton 
fac.  3,500  sp.,  2  tanneries,  1  pottery,  1  ropewalk, 

2  grist  m.,  3  printing  offices,  2  weekly  papers. 
Cap.  in  manufactures  $436,300.  8  acad.  263 
students,  13  sch.  564  scholars.    Pop.  4,570. 

Bridgeport,  p-o.,  Frederick  co.,  Md. 

Bridgeport,  p-v.,  Pease  t.,  Belmont  co.  O., 
126  e.  Columbus,  267  W.  It  is  situated  on  the 
Ohio  r.  opposite  to  Wheeling,  Va.,  and  on  the 
National  road,  along  which  it  extends  about  half 
a  mile.  It  has  1  wholesale,  and  7  or  8  retail 
stores,  and  four  warehouses,  in  which  a  great 
amount  of  flour  and  tobacco  is  stored.  Its  trade 
is  considerable. 

Bridgeport,  b.,  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  situated  on 
the  e.  bank  of  the  Monongahela  r.,  at  the  mouth 
of  Dunlap's  cr.,  over  which  is  a  bridge  connect- 
ing it  with  Brownsville.  It  is  on  elevated  bot- 
tom land,  and  has  6  stores,  cap.  $15,700 ;  1  pot- 
tery, 1  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  paper  fac.  Ca'p. 
in  manufac.  $22,820.  1  sch.  80  scholars.  Pop. 
788. 

Bridgeport,  p-o.,  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  85  n. 
w.  Detroit,  609  W. 

Bridgeport,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Ky.,  5  Frank- 
fort, 547  W. 

Bridgeport,  p-v.,  Harrison  co.,  Va.,  257  n. 
w.  Richmond,  215  W  Situated  on  Simpson's 
creek,  a  branch  of  w.  fork  of  Monongahela  river. 
It  has  a  church,  free  to  all  denominations,  1  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.,  various  mechanics,  and  20  dwellings. 

Bridgeport,  p-v.,  Marion  co.,  la.,  9  Indian- 
apolis, 580  W. 

Bridgeport,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  Mo.,  49  n.  n. 
e.  Jefferson  city,  897  W. 

Bridgeport,  p-v.,  Brown  co.,  Wis.,  143  N.  e. 
Madison,  953  W. 

Bridgeport,  p-v.,  Seneca  Falls  t.,  Seneca  co., 
N.  Y.,  132  w.  by  n.  Albany,  363  W.  Situated 
on  Cayuga  lake,  at  the  w.  end  of  Cayuga  bridge. 
It  contains  1  store,  and  20  or  30  dwellings. 

Bridgeport  Mills,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Pa., 
58  s.  w.  Harrisburg,  89  W. 

Bridgeton,  p-t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  63  s. 
w.  Augusta,  577  W.  Situated  on  Long  Pond, 
from  which  there  is  a  boatable  communication 
to  Portland,  through  the  Oxford  and  Cumber- 
land canal.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  the  place  is 
well  situated  for  trade  with  the  interior.  It  has  9 
stores,  cap.,  $1 1,800 ;  3  fulling  m.,  4  tanneries, 
1  pottery,  5  grist  m.,  7  sawm.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$16,350.  1  acad.  80  students,  18  schools,  769 
scholars.    Pop.  1,987. 

Bridge's  Tan  Yard,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Ala., 
183  n.  n.  E.,  Tuscaloosa,  694  W. 

Br idg town,  p-v.,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of 
Cumberland  co.,  N.  J.,  68  s.  by  w.  Trenton, 
179  W.  It  is  situated  on  both  sides  of  Cohansey 
cr.,  20  miles  from  its  entrance  into  the  Delaware 
Bay,  over  which  is  a  drawbridge,  from  which 
it  derives  its  name.  It  has  a  court  house  of  brick, 
in  the  middle  of  a  street,  on  the  w.  side  of  the 
creek,  a  stone  jail,  and  public  offices.  On  the 
E.  side  of  the  creek  are  a  Presbyterian,  a  Bap- 
tist, and  a  Methodist  church ;  a  bank,  with  a 
capital  of  $200,000,  an  academy,  a  public  library, 
and  various  manufactories.  Thirty  sloops  of  from 


50  to  80  tons  sail  from  the  place.  On  the  w.  side 
of  the  cr.  are  very  extensive  iron  works,  which 
employ  about  125  persons,  whose  \\;iu<s  is  about 
$30,000  annually.  Tonnage  of  the  port  in  1840, 
14,171  tons. 

Bridgetown,  p-o.,  Caroline  co.,  Md. 

Bridgetown,  p-o.,  Northampton  co.,  Va  ,  163 
E.  by  s.  Richmond,  227  W. 

Bridgeville,  p-v.,  Thompson  t.,  Sullivan  co., 
N.  Y.,  106  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  2S9  W.  It  is  situated 
on  Neversink  river,  and  contains  1  store,  1  exten- 
sive tannery,  20  dwellings,  and  125  inhabitants. 

Bridgeville,  p-v.,  Oxford  t.,  Warren  co.,  N. 
J.,  60  n.  by  w.  Trenton,  215  W. 

Bridgeville,  p-v.,  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  38  w.  by 
s.  Dover,  115  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of 
Nanticoke  r. 

Bridgeville,  p-v.,  Perry  t.,  Muskingum  co., 
O.,  62  e.  Columbus,  331  W.  It  contains  2  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.,  &c. 

Bridgeville,  p-o.,  Dale  county,  Ala.,  216  s. 
E.Tuscaloosa,  896  W. 

Bridgewater,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  37  n. 
n.  w.  Concord,  516  W.  Pemigewasset  r.  runs 
on  its  e.  border,  and  Newfound  pond,  a  large  body 
of  water,  lies  on  its  w.  border.  It  is  a  good  graz- 
ing t.  First  settled  in  1766.  It  has  1  fulling  m.,  1 
tannery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$2,550.    7  sch.  260  scholars.    Pop.  747. 

Bridgewater,  p-t.,  Plymouth  co.,  Ms.,  25  s. 
by  e.  Boston,  18  n.  w.  Plymouth,  433  W.  Wa- 
tered by  branches  of  Taunton  river.  The  soil  is 
moderately  good,  and  it  has  considerable  manu- 
factures. The  v.  contains  3  churches — 2  Con- 
gregational, 1  New  Jerusalem — an  academy,  and 
about  50  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  3  stores, 
cap.  $11,000;  3  furnaces,  1  paper  fac,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $139,000.  l&cad.  45  students, 
13  sch.  577  scholars.  Pop.  2,131. 
.  Bridgewater,  p-t.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  78  s. 
Montpelier,  458  W.  Watered  by  Queechy  river 
and  its  branches,  which  afford  considerable  water 
power.  The  surface  of  the  town  is  uneven,  but 
it  has  considerable  good  land.  An  inexhaustible 
quarry  of  steatite  or  soapstone  is  found  here, 
which  has  been  extensively  wrought.  Iron  ore 
is  also  found.  First  settled,  1780.  Organized  in 
1785.  The  Congregationalists,  Baptists,  Metho- 
dists, and  Universalists,  have  each  a  church. 
It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $8,000;  3  fulling  m.,  3  wool- 
len fac,  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac  $29,870.  15  sch.  435  scholars.  Pop. 
1,363. 

Bridgewater,  p-o.,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct.,  56  w. 
Hartford,  315  W. 

Bridgewater,  t.,  Williams  county,  O.  Has 
1  store,  cap.  $250.    Pop.  110. 

Bridgewater,  p-t,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  81  w. 
by  N.  Albany,  15  s.  Utica,  370  W.  The  surface 
is  uneven,  and  the  soil  good  for  grazing.  Drained 
by  Unadilla  river,  which  rises  here.  The  vil- 
lage contains  50  dwellings  and  350  inhabitants. 
There  are  in  the  t.  3  stores,  cap.  $11,000 ;  1  tan- 
nery, 1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$6,350.    10  sch.  437  scholars.    Pop.  1,418. 

Bridgewater,  t.,  Somerset  co.,  N.  J.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous  on  the  n.  e.  ;  elsewhere,  level 
or  undulating.  It  has  16  stores,  cap.  $41,000 ;  3 
fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  5  tanneries,  1  distillery, 
5  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $69,050.  Pop. 
3,983.  ,   • 

Bridgewater,  p-v.,  Bucks  county,  Pa.,  113 
E.  by  N.  Harrisburg,  153  W. 

Bridgewater,  b.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.  Situated 
on  the  w.  side  of  Beaver  river.  It  has  2  sch.  120 
scholars.    Pop.  634. 


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"  Bridgewater,  t.,  Washtenaw  county,  Mich. 
Drained  by  the  N.  branch  of  Raisin  river.  It  has  1 
flouring  m.,  2  saw  m. 

Bridgewater,  p-v.,  Rockingham  county,  Va., 
139  n.  w.  Richmond,  139  W.  Pop.  256. 
Bridges,  t.,  Taney  county,  Mo. 
Bridport,  p-t.,  Addison  county.  Vt.,  79  s. 
w.  Montpelier,  12  w.  by  s.  Middlebury,  475  W. 
It  lies  on  Lake  Champlain,  opposite  Crown  Point. 
The  surface  is  level,  and  the  soil  a  fertile  clay 
loam.  It  has  a  landing  place  on  the  lake.  The 
water  of  the  town  is  impregnated  with  fcpsom 
salts  of  which  a  pailfull  of  water  has,  in  some 
instances,  yielded  a  pound.  First  settled  perma- 
nently, 1768.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $25,000  ;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $5,000.  11  sch.  300  scholars.  Pop. 
1  480 

'  Brier  Creek,  p-t,  Columbia  county,  Pa.,  94 
N.  Harrisburg,  205  W.     Pop.  1,905. 

Brier  Creek,  p-o.,  Wilkes  co.,  N.  C,  17  w. 
N.  w.Raleigh,  376  \V. 

Brier,  creek,  Ga.,  a  tributary  of  the  bavan- 
nah,  100  miles  long. 

Brighton,  p-t.,  Somerset  county,  Me.,  57  n. 
Augusta,  652  W.  Organized  in  1816.  It  lies  on 
the  road  from  Hallowell  to  Quebec.  It  has  1 
store,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $2,125.  7  sch.  330  scholars.  Pop.  803. 
Brighton,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Ms.,  5  w.  Bos- 
ton, 433  W.  The  soil  is  good,  but  made  much 
better  by  high  cultivation.  Watered  by  Charles 
river  on  its  n.  boundary.  It  contains  many 
beautiful  country  seats,  a  bank,  1  Congregational 
and  1  Unitarian  church.  It  is  distinguished  as 
the  most  extensive  cattle  market  in  the  country. 
Neat  cattle,  sheep,  and  swine,  have  been  sold 
here  to  the  amount  of  $2,449,231  in  a  year.  It 
has  12  stores,  cap.  $30,000 ;  1  acad.  48  students 
4  sch.  200  scholars.     Pop.  1,425. 

Brighton,  t.,  Essex  co.,  Vt.  It  has  2  saw  m., 
3  sch.  45  scholars.    Pop.  157. 

Brighton,  p-t.,  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y.,  217  w.  by 
N.  Albany,  3  e.  Rochester,  366  W.  Surface 
undulating ;  soil  sandy,  gravelly,  or  clay  loam. 
Watered  by  Genesee  r.,  and  small  streams  which 
enter  Irondequot  bay.  The  v.  is  on  the  Erie 
canal.  It  has  1  Presbyterian  church,  1  store,  30 
dwellings,  and  200  inhabitants.  There  are  in 
the  t.,  2  powder  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$17,250.     15  sch.  618  scholars.     Pop.  2,336. 

Brighton,  p-v.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  231  w.  by  n. 
Harrisburg,  257  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  w.  side 
of  Big  Beaver  r.,  4  miles  from  the  Ohio,  and  is  a 
beautiful  and  flourishing  place.  A  bridge,  500 
feet  long,  connects  it  on  the  e.  with  New  Brigh- 
ton. The  water  power  here  is  very  great,  and 
it  has  1  large  flouring  m.,  a  cotton  fac.  1,200  sp., 
a  paper  fac,  1  tannery,  and  a  commodious  church ; 
2  stores,  cap.  $5,900 ;  1  sch.  25  scholars.  Pop. 
321.  There  are  in  the  t.,  2  stores,  cap.  $1,300 ;  1 
pottery,  3  saw  m.,  7  sch.  220  scholars.  Pop.  902. 
Brighton,  p-t.,  Lorain  co.,  O.,  105  n.  by  e. 
Columbus,  374  W.  It  has  3  sch.  52  scholars. 
Pop.  299. 

Brighton,  p-t.,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  42  n. 
w.  Detroit,  551  W.  Drained  by  branches  of 
Huron  r.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $16,000 ;  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000.  5  sch.  157  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  786. 

Brighton,  p-o.,  Lagrange  co.,  la.,  181  N.  by 
E.  Indianapolis,  571  W. 

Brighton,  p-v.,  Macoupin  co.,  111.,  12  n.  Al- 
ton, 71  s.  by  w.  Springfield,  814  W.  It  has  2 
stores,  a  castor  oil  fac,  and  12  or  15  families. 

Brighton,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Iowa,  about 
37  s.  s.  w.  Iowa  city. 


Brighton  Centre,  p-v.,  Clark  co.,  O.,  33 
Columbus,  426  W.  Situated  on  the  National 
road. 

Brightsville,  p-v.,  Marlborough  dist.,  S.  C, 
117  n.  e.  Columbia,  419  W 

Brimfield,  p-t.,  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  68  w. 
by  s.  Boston,  19  E.  by.  n.  Springfield,  378  W. 
Watered  by  Chicopee  and  Qumebaug  rivers. 
Incorporated,  1731.  It  is  a  good  farming  t.  It 
has  3  stores,  cap.  $6,700  ;  1  cotton  fac.  1,322  sp., 
1  tannery.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $43,800.  11  sch. 
300  scholars.    Pop.  1,419. 

Brimfield,  p-t.,  Portage  co.,  O.,  150  n.  e. 
Columbus,  10  s.  w.  Ravenna.  It  is  a  fertile  and 
prosperous  farming  town.  It  has  8  sch.  212  schol- 
ars.  Pop.  1,153. 

Brimmersville,  p-o.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y., 
235  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  290  W. 

Brindleton,  p-o.,  Burke  co.,  N.  C,  211  w. 
Raleigh,  441  W. 

Brinton,  p-o.,  Champaign  co.,  O. 

Bringiers,  p-o.  &  C.  H.,  St.  James  par.,  La., 
58  w.  by  N.  New  Orleans,  1,230  W.  Situated 
on  s.  side  of  the  Mississippi  r.  Contains  the 
court  house,  and  a  few  dwellings  along  the  r. 

Brinkleyville,  p-v.,  Halifax  co.,  N.  C,  90 
N.  e.  Raleigh,  236  W. 

Brinsonville,  p-o.,  Burke  co.,  Ga.,  78  e.  by 
s.  Milledgeville,  627  W. 

Bristersburg,  p-o.,  Fauquier  co.,  Va. 

Bristol,  p-t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  39  s.  s.  E.  Au- 
gusta, 607  W.  It  lies  e.  of  the  Damariscotta  r., 
and  s.  on  the  Atlantic.  Watered  by  Pemaquid 
r.,  which  affords  water  power.  It  has  good  har- 
bors, and  considerable  shipping,  engaged  chiefly 
in  the  coasting  trade  and  the  fisheries.  The 
first  settlement  in  Maine  was  commenced  here 
in  1625.  Incorporated  in  1765.  It  has  7  stores, 
cap.  $4,900  ;  1  fulling  m.,  4  tanneries,  2  grist  m., 

5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,300.  19  sch. 
1,014  scholars.     Pop.  2,945. 

Bristol,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  30  n.  Con- 
cord, 511  W.  It  has  part  of  Newfound  lake  or 
pond,  6  miles  long,  and  2  or  3  broad,  in  its  n.  w. 
part.  The  outlet  of  this  lake  passes  through  the 
t.,  and  enters  Pemigewasset  r.,  and  affords  good 
water  power.  The  surface  of  the  t.  is  uneven, 
but  the  soil  is  good.  First  settled  in  1770.  In- 
corporated in  1819.     It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $12,800  ; 

6  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  7  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $47,400.  1  acad.  25  students, 
9  sch.  345  scholars.    Pop.  1,153. 

Bristol,  p-t.,  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  50  s.  w. 
Montpelier,  490  W.  The  E.  part  of  the  t.  lies  on 
the  Green  Mountains,  and  is  rough,  but  w.  of 
this,  the  surface  is  level,  and  the  soil  is  very 
productive.  Watered  by  New  Haven  r.  and 
its  tributaries,  Baldwin  and  Lewis  creeks,  which 
afford  water  power.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$2,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,700.  8  sch.  400  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,233. 

Bristol,  county,  Mass.,  lies  in  the  s.  part  of 
the  state.  It  has  the  Atlantic  ocean  and  Buz- 
zard's bay  on  the  s.  Watered  by  Taunton  r., 
which  affords  good  water  power.  It  has  an 
area  of  600  sq.  ms.  The  soil  is  but  moderately 
good,  but  its  extensive  sea  coast  affords  great 
I  advantages  for  navigation.  New  Bedford,  its 
'  largest  town,  in  its  tonnage,  is  the  second  in  the 
state.  It  is  as  much  distinguished  for  its  manu- 
factures, as  for  its  navigation.  Capitals,  New 
Bedford  and  Taunton.  There  were  in  1840 
neat  cattle  15,441,  sheep  15,060,  swine  13,052 ; 
wheat  3,705  bush,  produced,  rye  24,400,  Ind. 
corn  152,558,  barley  17,601,  oats  63,526,  potatoes 
315,519  ;  2  for.  commercial  houses,  cap.  $50,517 ; 


BRT 


81 


BRO 


430  ret.  stores,  cap.  $923,993;  cap.  in  lumber 
trade,  $103,300 ;  cap.  in  fisheries,  $5,980,800  ; 
salt  produced  35,200  bushels ;  1 1  fulling  m.,  7 
woollen  fee.,  55  cotton  fee.  101,282  sp.,  10  furna- 
ces, 19  tanneries,  6  potteries,  61  grist  m.,  73  saw 
m.,  1  oil  m.,  8  printing  offices,  2  daily,  6  weekly- 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,162,154.  10 
acad.  612  students,  331  sch.  11,192  scholars 
Pop.  1830,  19,171;  1810,  60,164. 

Bristol,  county,  R.  I.,  in  the  n.  e.  part  of  the 
state,  between  Mount  Hope  bay,  on  the  E.,  and 
Narragansett  bay,  on  the  s.  and  w.  It  enjoys 
great  facilities  for  navigation  ;  and  the  soil  is  fer- 
tile, being  a  deep  and  rich  gravelly  loam.  The 
surface  is  diversified.  Capital,  Bristol.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  1,462,  sheep  3,511, 
swine  1,691 ;  wheat  127  bush,  produced,  rye 
1,819,  Ind.  corn  19,160,  oats  11,429,  potatoes 
27,991  ;  16  for.  commercial  stores,  cap.  $314,200  ; 
61  ret.  stores,  cap.  $131,075  ;  1  cotton  fac.  6,000 
sp.,  3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2  ropewalks,  6 
grist  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  papers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $219,731.  Cap.  in  fisheries, 
$637,500;  4  acad.  270  students,  19  sch.  742 
scholars.     Pop.  1830,  5,466  ;  1810,  6,476. 

Bristol,  p-t.,  port  of  entry  and  capital  of 
Bristol  co.,  R.  I.,  18  s.  by  e.  Providence,  418 
W.  It  is  on  the  e.  side  of  Narragansett  bay,  and 
has  a  good  harbor.  It  is  extensively  engaged 
both  in  the  coasting  trade  and  the  fisheries. 
The  v.  contains  a  court  house,  5  churches,  1 
Baptist,  1  Christian,  1  Congregational,  1  Episco- 
pal, 1  Methodist,  and  2  banks. 

The  tonnage  of  this  district  in  1840  was,  15,8'JO. 
In  this  t.  lies  Mount  Hope,  about  2  ms.  n.  e.  of 
the  court  house,  which  is  a  fine  elevation,  about 
300  feet  above  tide  water.  Here  the  celebrated 
King  Philip,  chief  of  the  Pequods,  and  the  terror 
of  the  early  colonists,  held  his  court.  The  view 
from  the  summit  of  Mount  Hope  is  in  a  high  de- 
gree beautiful.  It  has  9  for.  commission  houses, 
cap.  $130,200;  41  ret.  stores,  cap.  $70,075;  cap. 
in  fisheries,  $220,000;  1  cotton  fac.  6,000  sp., 
3  grist  m.,  1  ropewalk,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $155,706.  9  sch. 
427  scholars.     Pop.  3,190. 

Bristol,  p-t.,  Hartford  co.,  Ct.,  17  s.  w.  Hart- 
ford, 338  W.  It  is  watered  by  branches  of  Far- 
mington  r.  Organized  in  1785.  The  surface  is 
hilly,  but  the  soil  is  tolerably  fertile.  But  it  is 
more  distinguished  as  a  manufacturing,  than  as 
an  agricultural  town.  Clocks  and  buttons  are 
extensively  manufactured  here.  It  has  5 
stores,  cap.  $20,500  ;  4  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $160,000.  1  acad.  25  students, 
12  sch.  48S  scholars.     Pop.  2,109. 

Bristol,  t.,  Philadelphia  co.,  Pa.  Watered  by 
Tacony  cr.,  which  affords  water  power.  It  has  6 
stores,  cap.  $6,050 ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac, 
1  cotton  fac.  1,400  sp.,  1  dyeing  and  printing 
estab.,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$155,250.    5  sch.  276  scholars.    Pop.  1,734. 

Bristol,  p-t.  Ontario  co.,  N.  Y.,  212  w.  Al- 
bany, 9  s.  w.  Canandaigua,  349  W.  The  sur- 
face is  moderately  uneven,  and  the  soil,  in  some 
parts,  very  fertile.  Watered  by  Mud  cr.  There 
is  a  village  at  the  centre,  where  is  an  inflamma- 
ble spring.  There  are  in  the  t.,  3  stores,  cap. 
$14,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  distilleries,  2  grist  m.,  3 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $16,030.  13  sch.  627 
scholars.    Pop.  1,953. 

Bristol,  t.,  Morgan  co.,  O.  Drained  by  Meigs 
creek.  It  has  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  11  sch.  409 
scholars.     Pop.  1,645. 

Bristol,  p-o.,  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  31  n. 
N.  w.  Annapolis,  51  W. 

11 


Bristol,  p-b.,  Bucks  co  ,  Pa.,  115  e.  by  s. 
Ilarrisburg,  155  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank  of 
the  Delaware  r..  20  ms.  above  Philadelphia.  It  is 
a  beautiful  village,  and  has  a  hank,  several 
churches,  and  250  dwellings,  The  koUBM  are 
many  of  them  built  with  neatness  and  taste. 
The  Delaware  branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  ca- 
nal terminates  here,  in  a  spacious  basin,  which 
communicates  with  Delaware  r.  A  great  amount 
of  coal,  from  the  coal  region  of  Pa.,  passes 
through  it.  There  were  in  1840,  10  stores,  cap. 
$65,000;  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $7,500.  2sch.  45  scholars.  Pop.  1,438. 

Bristol,  t.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  in  which  the 
above  borough  is  situated.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$3,000  ;  4  grist  m.,  1  college,  30  students,  2  sch. 
391  scholars.     Pop.  1,450. 

Bristol,  p-t.,  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  43  n.  Detroit, 
563  W.  Drained  by  Bell  and  Clinton  rivers. 
It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $2,000  ;  2  tanneries,  2  grist 
m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,000.  6  sch. 
170  scholars.    Pop.  884. 

Bristol,  p-v.,  Elkhart  co.,  la.,  162  n.  Indian- 
apolis, 601  W. 

Bristol,  p-o.,  Kendall  co.,  111. 

Bristol,  p.,  Racine  co.,  Wis.  ter.,  99  s.  E. 
Madison  city,  780  W. 

Bristol  Centre,  p-o.,  Bristol  t.,  Onondaga 
co.,  N.  Y.,  208  w.  Albany,  344  W. 

Bristol  Mills,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  42  s. 
s.  w.  Augusta,  610  W. 

Bristolville,  p-o.,  Bristol  t.,  Trumbull  co., 
O.,  173  n.  E.  Columbus,  314  W.  It  is  a  fine 
township  of  land,  has  7  sch.  280  scholars.  Pop.  806. 

Britton's  Store,  p-o.,  Bertie  co.,  N.  C.,  141 
e.  n.  e.  Raleigh,  234  W. 

Broadalbin,  p-t.,  Fulton  co.,  N.  Y.,  42  n.  w. 
Albany,  423  W.  It  is  a  good  grazing  t.  Several 
creeks  furnish  mill  seats.  It  has  9  stores,  cap. 
$19,350 ;  3  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  furnace, 
6  tanneries,  4  paper  fac,  3  grist  m.,  28  saw  m., 
1  oil  m.,  1  printing  office.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$81,611.     13  sch.  635  scholars.    Pop.  2,738. 

Broad  Brook,  p-o.,  Hartford  co.,  Ct.,  15  Hart- 
ford, 351  W. 

Broad  Creek,  hund.,  Sussex  co.,  Del.  It 
has  10  stores,  cap.  $7,630 ;  1  furnace,  10  grist  m., 
14  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,355.  2  sch. 
Ill  scholars.     Pop.  2,640. 

Broad  Creek,  p-o.,  Queen  Anne  co.,  Md.,  12 
E.  Annapolis,  52  W. 

Broadford,  p-o.,  Smyth  co.,  Va.,  231  w.  s.  w. 
Richmond,  349  W. 

Broad,  river,  Ga.,  one  of  the  western  branches 
of  Savannah  r.,  which  it  enters  at  Petersburg. 

Broad,  river,  S.  C,  an  arm  of  the  sea,  between 
Port  Royal  Island  and  the  main  land.  Beaufort 
is  situated  on  this  r. 

Broad,  river,  S.  C,  rises  in  N.  Carolina,  re- 
ceives Pacolet  and  Tiger  rivers,  from  the  w.,  and 
unites  with  the  Saluda,  above  Columbus,  to 
form  the  Congaree. 

Broad  Kill,  hund.,  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  has  23 
stores,  cap.  $128,950 ;  3  tanneries,  5  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  1  weekly  newspaper. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $35,200.  3  acad.  102  students, 
4  com.  sch.  116  scholars.     Pop.  3,741. 

Broad  Top,  p-o.,  Huntingdon  co ,  Pa.,  92  w. 
Harrisburg,  118  W. 

Broad  Top,  t.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $4,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,900.  1  sch.  22  scholars. 
Pop.  987. 

Brockets'  Bridge,  p-o.,  Oppenheim  t.,  Ful- 
ton co.,  N.  Y.,  68  n.  w.  Albany,  393  W. 

Brockett's,  p-o.,  Effingham  co.,  111.,  97  s.  E. 
Springfield,  726  W. 


BRO 


82 


BRO 


Brockport,  p-v.,  Sweden  t.,  Monroe  co.,  N. 
Y.  235  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  334  W.  Situated  on 
the  Erie  canal.  Incorporated,  1829.  It  contains 
1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist 
church,  an  academy;  11  stores,  cap.  $53,000;  1 
furnace,  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw 
m.,  1  carding  machine,  and  1  carriage  fac.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $30,895.  6  sch.  485  scholars.  Pop.  1,249. 

Brock's  Gap,  p-o.,  Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  143 
N.  w.  Richmond,  123  W. 

Brockville,  p-v.,  Steuben  co.,  la.,  188  N.  N. 
E.  Indianapolis,  547  W. 

Brockwaysville,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Va. 

Broken  Arrow,  p-o.,  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala.,  109 
N.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  732  W. 

Broken  Straw,  t.,  Warren  co.,  Pa.  It  has 
3  stores,  cap.  $12,000 ;  2  furnaces,  1  tannery,  5 
grist  m.,  17  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $33,700. 

10  sch.  220  scholars.     Pop.  1,149. 

Broken  Sword,  p-o.,  Crawford  co.,  O.,  70  n. 
Columbus,  414  W.  Situated  on  Broken  Sword 
cr.,  which  runs  s.  w.  into  Sandusky  r. 

Bronson,  p-t.,  Huron  co.,  O.,  2  s.  Norwalk, 
102  n.  by  E.  Columbus,  395  W.  Watered  by 
branches  of  Huron  r.  It  is  a  good  township  of 
land,  under  a  fine  state  of  cultivation.    It  has 

11  sch.  378  scholars.     Pop.  1,291. 
Bronson's  Prairie,  p-o.,  Bronson  t.,  Branch 

co.,  Mich.,  121  w.  s.  w.  Detroit,  570  W.  In  the  t. 
arc  3  stores,  cap.  $6,000  ;  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  11,200.  5  sch.  90  scholars.  Pop.  622. 
Bronx,  p-o.,  Westchester  co.,  N.  Y.,  137  s. 
Albany,  246  W.  Situated  near  Bronx  r.,  which 
rises  in  Westchester  co.,  and  after  a  course  of  25 
ms.  enters  East  r.  opposite  to  Flushing  bay. 

Brook,  p-o.,  Jasper  co.,  la.,  116  n.  w.  Indian- 
apolis, 675  W. 

Brooke,  county,  Va.,  in  the  extreme  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  contains  150  sq.  ms.  The  sur- 
face is  very  uneven,  and  the  soil  fertile.  Wa- 
tered by  several  small  creeks,  that  enter  the 
Ohio  r.,  which  bounds  the  co.  on  the  w.  Some 
iron  ore  and  bituminous  coal  ore  found  here. 
Capital,  Wellsburg.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  5,430,  sheep  33,948,  swine  11,322;  wheat 
139,933  bush,  produced,  rye  4,629,  Ind.  corn 
135,246,  buckwheat  9,351,  oats  143,567,  potatoes 
63,140  ;  bituminous  coal  194,574,  sugar  5,614 
pounds  ;  15  stores,  cap.  $83,300  ;  2  fulling  m.,  2 
woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  1,300  sp.,  4  tanneries,  1 
distillery,  1  glass  fac.  and  glass  cutting,  3  potteries, 
26  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  29  saw  m.,  1  paper  fac,  2 
printing  offices,  1  weekly  newspaper,!  periodical. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $450,293.  4  acad.  140  students, 
22  sch.  600  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  7,040;  1840 
whites  7,080,  slaves  91,  free  col'd  77 ;  total,  7,948. 
Brookfield,  p-t.,  Carroll  co.,  N.  H.,  46  n.  e. 
Concord,  527  W.  Incorporated  in  1794.  Cook's 
pond,  near  the  centre  of  the  place,  is  the  source 
©f  the  w.  branch  of  Salmon  Fall  r.  There  is  a 
still  larger  pond  on  its  n.  w.  border,  which  enters 
Winnipiseogee  lake.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $1,500 ; 
1  tannery,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $1,550. 
4  sch.  172  scholars.     Pop.  553. 

Brookfield,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  60  w. 
Boston,  338  W.  Incorporated  in  1673.  Being 
on  its  first  settlement  a  frontier  t.,  it  suffered 
much  from  the  attacks  of  the  Indians.  It  is  a 
flourishing  agricultural  town,  well  adapted  to 
grazing.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $16,700 ;  1  fulling 
m.,  1  tannery,  1  furnace,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1 
printing  office.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $24,150.  1 
acad.  35  students,  14  sch.  667 scholars.  Pop.  2,472. 
Brookfield,  p-t.,  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  17  s.  Mont- 
pelier,  504  W.  This  is  an  elevated  and  fine 
township  of  land,  well  cultivated,  and  especially 
adapted  to  grazing.    Incorporated  in  1780.    Wa- 


tered by  several  ponds,  with  their  outlets,  form- 
ing the  branches  of  White  r.  It  has  fine  springs. 
There  is  in  the  t.  an  inexhaustible  bed  of  marl, 
It  has  Congregationalist,  Baptist,  Methodist,  and 
Universalist  churches ;  2  stores,  cap.  1 1,000 ;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $7,300.  1  acad.  50  students,  18  sch. 
626  scholars.     Pop.  1,789. 

Brookfield,  t.,  Morgan  co.,  O.,  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  county.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $2,200 ;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  distillery,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $4,625.  8  sch.  226  scholars.  Pop.  1,426. 

Brookfield,  v.,  Tuscarawas  t.,  Stark  co.,  O^ 
10  w.  Canton.  It  has  1  church,  1  store,  2  tan- 
neries, 1  large  steam  flouring  m.  It  has  2  sch. 
58  scholars.     Pop.  315. 

Brookfield,  t.,  Milwaukee  co.,  Mich.    It  has 

1  school,  16  scholars.     Pop.  148. 
Brookfield,  p-t.,  Fairfield  co.,  Ct.,  60  s.  w. 

Hartford,  6  n.  by  e.  Danbury,  299  W.  The  surface 
is  uneven,  and  the  soil  well  adapted  to  grain.  Wa- 
tered by  the  Housatonic  on  its  n.  e.  border.     Still 

a  branch  of  the  Housatonic,  passes  through  the 
town,  from  s.  to  n.  It  has  a  Congregational  and 
an  Episcopal  church.  The  Housatonic  railroad 
passes  through  the  place.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$13,200  ;  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$5,700.     8  schools,  317  scholars.     Pop.  1,488. 

Brookfield,  p-t.,  Madison  co.,  IN.  Y.,  88  w. 
by  N.  Albany,  363  W.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and 
the  soil  a  calcareous  loam.  Watered  by  the  Una- 
dilla  river  and  its  tributaries.  It  has  7  stores,  cap. 
$14,150  ;  2  fulling  m.,  4  tanneries,  6  grist  ra.,  19 
saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $40,825.  29 
sch.  1,519  scholars.     Pop.  3,695. 

Brookfield,  p-t.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  174  n.  by  w. 
Harrisburg,  238  W.  It  has  1  saw  m.,  3  sch.  107 
scholars.     Pop.  431. 

Brookfield,  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  183  n.  e. 
Columbus,  295  W.  It  lies  on  the  Pennsylvania 
line.  It  has  a  flourishing  village  2i  m.  from  the 
line,  where  are  2  churches,  and  about  20  or  30 
dwellings.    Pop.  of  t.  1,302. 

Brookhaven,  t.,  Suffolk  co.,  N.  Y.,  crosses 
Long  Island,  and  contains  215  sq.  ms.  It  has 
several  good  harbors  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and 
a  light-house  on  Old  Field  Point.  Drained  by 
Connecticut  brook  and  other  small  streams,  which 
furnish  mill  seats.  The  interior  is  covered  with 
pine  plains  and  shrub  oaks,  still  inhabited  by 
some  deer.  South  Bay,  nearly  100  miles  long, 
and  from  2  to  5  wide,  on  the  s.  side  of  the  island, 
which  borders  this  town  on  the  s.,  furnishes  fish, 
clams,  and  oysters,  and  admits  small  vessels. 
The  soil  on  Long  Island  Sound  is  a  sandy  loam, 
and  inclines  to  a  light  sand  toward  the  s.  Ron- 
concoma  pond,  2  miles  in  circumference,  on  its 
w.  border,  is  about  the  middle  of  the  island. 
There  are  12  villages  and  post-offices  in  the  town. 
It  has  33  stores,  cap.  $101,600 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2 
woollen  fac,  2  cotton  fac  1,032  sp.,  6  tanneries. 

2  paper  fac,  11  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac $112,485.  2  acad.  85  students,  36  schools, 
1,980  scholars.     Pop.  7,050. 

Brookhaven,  p-v.,  Lawrence  co.,  Miss. 

Brookline,  p-t.,  Windham  county,  Vt.,  110  s. 
Montpelier,  43y  W.  Taken  from  Athens  and 
Puttney,  and  incorporated  in  1794.  A  deep  val- 
ley runs  through  the  town  from  n.  to  s.,  through 
which  Grassy  Brook,  a  branch  of  West  river, 
flows.  On  the  e.  line  of  the  town,  the  land  is 
elevated.  It  has  1  grist  mill,  1  saw  mill,  4  sch. 
114  scholars.    Pop.  328. 

Brookline,  p-t.,  Hillsboro'  co.,  N.  H.,  50  s.  by 
w.  Concord,  445  W.  It  lies  on  the  s.  line  of  the 
state.  Nissitisset,  a  branch  of  Nashua  river,  pass- 
es through  the  town,  and  also  through  Potanipo 


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Pond.  Incorporated  in  1769.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $3,000  ;  1  tannery.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $700. 
5  sch.  145  scholars.     Pop.  652. 

Brookline,  p-t.,  Norfolk  co.,  Ms.,  4  w.  by  s. 
Boston,  1 10  W.  It  has  a  diversified  surface,  fur- 
nishing many  elegant  country  seats  for  citizens 
of  Boston.  Like  all  the  towns  in  the  vicinity,  it 
is  in  a  high  state  of  eultivation.  It  has  1  Congre- 
gatoinal,  1  Baptest  church.  14  com.  houses,  cap. 
$70,000;  19  retail  stores,  cap.  $50,000;  2  tanne- 
ries, 1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$20,000.  5  academies,  62  students,  5  schools,  171 
scholars.     Pop.  1,365. 

Brookline,  p-v.,  Madison  co.,  Ga.,  85  n.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  608  W. 

Brooklyn,  p-t.,  capital  of  Windham  co.,  Ct., 
44  K.  by  n.  Hartford,  371  W.  Finely  watered 
by  Quinebaug  r.  and  Blackwell's  stream.  The 
surface  is  uneven  and  stony,  but  the  soil  is  strong, 
particularly  adapted  to  grazing,  and  well  culti- 
vated. The  v.,  at  the  centre,  contains  3  churches 
— 1  Congregational,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Unitarian — 
a  court  house,  jail,  a  bank,  and  a  printing 
office,  and  50  dwellings.  The  county  seat  was 
removed  from  Windham  to  this  place  in  1820. 
It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $29,300  ;  1  cotton  fac.  1,500 
sp.,  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Capital  in 
manufac.  $37,900.  1  acad.  25  students,  10  sch. 
356  scholars.    Pop.  1,488. 

Brooklyn,  city,  p-t.,  and  capital  of  Kings  co., 
N.  Y.,  146  s.  Albany,  226  W.  Situated  on  the 
w.  end  of  Long  Island,  opposite  the  lower  part 
of  the  city  of  New  York.  Population,  1810, 4,402 ; 
1820,7,175;  1830,  15,396;  1810,  36,233.  Em- 
ployed in  commerce,  1,673  ;  in  manufactures  and 
trades  4,666 ;  navigating  the  ocean,  978 ;  do. 
canals  and  rivers,  302 ;  learned  professions  and 
engineers,  307.  It  is  the  second  place  in  popu- 
lation in  the  state,  and  the  seventh  in  the  United 
States.  It  is  separated  from  New  York  by  an 
arm  of  the  ocean,  three  fourths  of  a  mile  wide, 
generally  denominated  the  East  River,  which 
connects  the  Bay  of  New  York  with  Long  Island 
Sound.  The  ground  on  which  the  city  is  built 
was  originally  quite  uneven,  and  though  much 
has  been  done  by  grading,  to  destroy  its  uneven- 
ness  of  surface,  yet,  happily,  nature  has  present- 
ed too  great  obstacles  to  be  overcome,  and  many 
of  the  natural  beauties  of  its  situation  remain,  to 
a  considerable  extent,  unimpaired.  The  vicinity 
of  the  city  of  New  York  presents  no  finer  situa- 
tions than  are  to  be  found  on  the  high  grounds  of 
Brooklyn.  The  city  is  regularly  laid  out.  The 
streets,  with  the  exception  of  Fulton-street,  are 
generally  straight,  60  feet  wide,  and  cross  each 
other  at  right  angles.  Some  of  the  streets  have 
a  greater  width.  Fulton-st.,  the  principal  thorough- 
fare, though  crooked,  has  been  widened  to  an  am- 
ple width  ;  the  old  houses  with  which  it  was  for- 
merly lined  near  the  ferry,  have  been  replaced 
by  rows  of  lofty  brick  buildings,  and  present  an 
entrance  to  the  city  quite  as  imposing  as  any 
single  entrance  to  the  city  of  New  York.  Brook- 
lyn is  one  of  the  finest  built  cities,  of  its  extent, 
in  the  United  States.  Its  beautiful  situation,  good 
air,  and  excellent  water,  have  made  it  a  favorite 
place  of  residence  to  many  persons  who  do  bu- 
siness in  New  York,  as  it  is  nearer  to  the  centre 
of  business  in  that  city,  than  residences  in  the 
upper  parts  of  the  city  of  New  York ;  and  have 
given  it  a  most  rapid  growth.  The  increase  of 
population  from  1830  to  1840  was  20,917.  Brook- 
lyn is  connected  with  New  York  by  4  steam  fer- 
ries, on  each  of  which  several  commodious  boats 
continually  run.  The  ferry  from  Fulton-street 
in  Brooklyn,  to  Fulton-street  in  New  York,  is  731 
yards  wide ;  that  from  Main-street,  Brooklyn,  to 


Catharine-street,  New  ^  ork,  is  736  yards;  the 
Jackson-street,  or  Navy  Yard  ferry,  is  707  yards ; 
the  South  ferrv,  from  Atlantic-stive!,  Hrooklvn, 
to  Whitehall,  New  York,  is  about  1,300  yards 
wide.  The  time  of  crossing  is  generally  from  4 
to  5  minutes.  The  city  limits  have  the  same  in- 
tent as  the  former  town  of  Brooklyn,  having  an 
irregular  shape,  6  miles  long,  ami  1  broad,  at  its 
greatest  breadth.  This  large  territory  lias  been 
laid  out  into  blocks  jjnd  streets,  ami  the  corner 

Siosts  fixed  by  comimariopera,  appointed  by  the 
legislature ;  but  the  thickly  settled  parts  are  con- 
fined to  a  small  part  of  this  territory.  Brooklyn 
was  chartered  as  a  city  in  1831.  It  is  divided 
into  9  wards,  and  is  governed  by  a  Mayor  and 
Common  Council.  A  new  city  hall,  projected  a 
number  of  years  since,  on  a  magnificent  plan,  to 
be  built  of  white  marble,  but  badly  located,  has 
never  progressed  beyond  the  basement  story,  and 
is  altogether  beyond  the  present  wants  of  the 
city.  The  Common  Council  and  city  offices  are 
at  present  well  accommodated  at  the  City  Build- 
ings, (formerly  Apprentices'  Library,)  purchased 
for  the  purpose,  in  the  centre  of  business.  The 
jail  is  a  handsome  building  of  freestone,  and  the 
county  clerk's  office  is  a  fire-proof  brick  edifice. 
There  are  in  the  city  30  churches — 7  Presbyte- 
rian, 7  Episcopal,  3  Dutch  Reformed,  2  Baptist,  7 
Methodist,  2  Roman  Catholic,  1  Unitarian,  and  1 
Friends'.  There  are  3  banks  in  Brooklyn,  with 
an  aggregate  capital  of  $1,000,000,  besides  a  Sav- 
ings bank.  There  are  3  insurance  companies, 
with  a  total  capital  of  $452,000.  The  Lyceum 
in  Washington-street,  is  a  fine  granite  building, 
with  a  spacious  lecture  room.  The  city  library 
of  3,000  volumes,  has  a  fine  reading  room,  and  is 
open  daily.  The  Hamilton  Literary  Association, 
composed  of  young  men,  is  a  flourishing  institu- 
tion, and  supports,  annually,  an  able  course  of 
lectures,  which  are  numerously  attended. 

There  were  in  1840,  5  for.  commercial  houses, 
cap.  $109,500;  154  retail  stores,  cap.  $353,000; 
several  lumber  yards,  cap.  $40,000  ;  products  of 
the  dairy  $197,000,  machinery  $182,000,  hats  and 
caps  $102,000, 1  tannery,  manufacture  of  leather 
$162,600,  5  distilleries,  1  brewery,  cap.  $357,000 ; 
paints,  drugs,  &c,  cap.  $322,000  ;  1  glass  house, 
employing  100  persons,  capital  $15,000 ;  4  rope 
walks,  cap.  $65,000 ;  3  printing  offices,  1  daily,  2 
weekly,  1  semi-weekly  newspapers.  Capital  in 
manufac.  $1,386,500.  19  acad.  1,121  students, 
38  schools,  4,683  scholars. 

The  United  States'  Navy  Yard,  situated  on 
Wallabout  Bay,  covers  40  acres  of  ground,  en- 
closed by  a  brick  wall  on  the  land  side,  and  con- 
tains 2  large  ship  houses,  7  extensive  timber  sheds 
built  of  brick,  and  several  workshops,  offices  for 
the  officers,  and  extensive  storehouses.  A  dry 
dock  will  soon  be  constructed  at  this  place.  Con- 
nected with  the  Navy  Yrard,  is  the  United  States 
Naval  Lyceum,  a  flourishing  institution,  which 
has  a  valuable  library  and  museum.  The  Naval 
Hospital  occupies  a  commanding  eminence,  half 
a  mile  e.  of  the  Navy  Yard,  and  has  a  large  build- 
ing surrounded  by  33  acres  of  cultivated  ground, 
enclosed  by  a  brick  wall.  The  Greenwood  Cem- 
etery is  in  the  s.  part  of  Brooklyn,  has  200  acres 
of  land,  of  a  variety  of  surface,  and  in  its  higher 
parts,  commands  an  extensive  and  beautiful  view 
of  the  harbor  and  city  of  New  York,  of  the  sur- 
rounding country,  and  of  the  Atlantic  ocean.  It 
is  designed  to  embellish  the  grounds,  and  to  make 
it  an  ornament  to  the  city.  The  "  Atlantic  Dock 
Company"  are  constructing  a  large  basin,  within 
Red  Hook  Point,  which  will  contain  42i  acres, 
and  the  outside  pier  of  which  will  extend  3,000 
feet,  fronting  on  Buttermilk  channel,  and  the 


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84 


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depth  of  which  wUl  acammwdate  the >  largest 
ships  •  the  whole  estimated  to  cost  $624,527.  1  his 
additional  wharf-room  is  rendered  necessary,  by 
the  crowded  state  of  the  docks  at  JNew  lork. 
At  the  foot  of  Brooklyn  Heights,  the  finest  water 
is  obtained  from  wells  and  reservoirs  for  the  sup- 
ply of  the  shipping  of  New  York  harbor 

In  August,  1776,  this  part  of  Long  Island  be- 
came the  seat  of  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  the 
remains  of  the  fortifications  then  thrown  up,  are 
still  to  be  seen  in  Brooklyn ;  though  many  of 
them  have  been  obliterated  in  the  regulation  oi 
streets.  At  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  war, 
there  were  but  56  houses  in  the  place.  IN  ear  the 
Navy  Yard  at  the  Wallabout,  are  interred  the 
remains  of  11,000  Americans,  who  perished  in 
the  British  prison  ships,  moored  in  the  bay,  dur- 
ing the  Revolutionary  war 

Brooklyn,  p-t.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  171  n. 
n.  e.  Harrisburg,  278  W.  Martins  creek  forms 
its  e.  boundary.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $3,300 ;  1 
woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  1 
paper  fac.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,285.  1  acad. 
19  students,  10  schools,  280  scholars.  Pop.  1,474. 
Brooklyn,  p-t.,  Cuyahoga  co.,  O.,  145  n.  n.  e. 
Columbus,  360  W.  Ohio  city,  opposite  to  Cleve- 
land, has  been  taken  from  this  town,  and  was 
formerly  a  part  of  it.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  8  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,000.  1  acad.  40  students,  11 
schools,  562  scholars.     Pop.  1,409. 

Brooklyn,  p-o.,  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  145  s.  w. 
Richmond,  232  W.  It  contains  2  stores,  1  tanne- 
ry, several  mechanics,  12  dwellings,  and  60  in- 
habitants. 

Brooklyn,  p-o.,  Schuyler  co.,  111.,  77  w.  n.  w. 
Springfield,  857  W. 

Brooklyn,  p-o.,  Conecuh  co.,  Ala.,  180  s.  by 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  932  W. 

Brooklyn,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  71  n.  n.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  531  W. 

Brooklyn,  p-o.,  Noxubee  co.,  Miss.,  126  n.  e. 
Jackson,  891  W. 

Brookneal,  p-v.,  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  122  w.  s. 
w.  Richmond,  209  W.  Beautifully  situated  on 
the  N.  bank  of  Staunton  r.  It  has  1  Baptist  church, 
2  stores,  1  tannery,  and  several  mechanics,  and 
contains  15  dwellings.  Pop.  61  whites,  48  blacks  ; 
total,  109. 

Brooks,  p-t.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  45  n.  e.  Augusta. 
Incorporated  in  1816.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $4,000 ; 
1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$3,077.    5  sch.  373  scholars.     Pop.  910. 

Brook's  Grove,  p-o.,  Mount  Morris  t.,  Liv- 
ingston co.,  N.  Y.,  249  w.  Albany,  360  W. 

Brook ville,  p-t.,  Hancock  county,  Me.,  79  E. 
Augusta,  675  W.  It  lies  on  the  E.  side  of  Penob- 
scot bay,  and  is  conveniently  situated  for  naviga- 
tion, having  navigable  water  on  3  sides.  It  has 
1  fulling  m.,  3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  11  schools,  582 
scholars.    Pop.  1,246. 

Brookville,  p-o.,  Alexander  t.,  Genesee  co., 
N.  Y.,  255  w.  Albany,  385  W. 

Brookville,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  64  n. 
n.  w.  Annapolis,  24  W. 

Brookville,  p-b.,  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.,  167 n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  256  W.  It  contains  a  brick  court 
house  and  offices,  4  stores,  and  40  or  50  dwellings, 
The  first  building  was  erected  in  1830.  It  has  £ 
stores,  cap.  $22,080 ;  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  1  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  news- 
paper. Capital  in  manufac.  $11,040.  1  acad.  25 
students,  1  sch.  60  scholars.     Pop.  276. 

Brookville,  p-v.,  capital,  Franklin  co.,  la.,  69 

8.  E.  Indianapolis,  519  W.     Situated  a  little  above 

the  junction  of  e.  and  w.  forks  of  Whitewater  r. 

Brookville,  p-v.,  Bracken  co.,  Ky.,  65  n.  e. 

Frankfort,  495  W. 


Brookville,  p-v.,  Marion  co.,  Mo.,  119  N.  N. 
E.  Jefferson  city,  933  W. 

Brooksville,  p-o.,  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  98  N 
w.  Richmond,  140  W. 

Brooksville,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  Ga.,  151  s 
w.  Milledgeville,  807  W. 

Brooksville,  p-o.,  Blount  co.,  Ala.,  114  n.  k 
e.  Tuscaloosa,  724  W. 

Broome,  county,  N.  Y.,  situated  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  state,  contains  627  sq.  ms.  The  soil  ia 
adapted  to  grazing,  and  is  fertile.  It  contains 
several  sulphur  and  1  or  2  salt  springs.  Water- 
ed by  Susquehanna,  Chenango,  and  Toughnioga 
rivers,  and  Nanticoke  creek.  A  large  amount  of 
lumber  is  floated  down  the  Susquehanna  river  to 
Chesapeake  bay.  The  Chenango  canal  connects 
Binghamton  with  the  Erie  canal  at  Utica.  Capi- 
tal, Binghamton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 23,546,  sheep  50,669,  swine  12,880;  wheat 
66,369  bushels  produced,  rye  26,443,  Indian  com 
84,033,  buckwheat  31,259,  potatoes  303,812,  sugar 
62,054  pounds ;  49  stores,  cap.  $180,300 ;  9  fulling 
m.,  14  tanneries,  1  distillery,  23  grist  m.,  144  saw 
m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $44,595.  3  acad.  165  students,  167 
schools,  6,627  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  17,582  ;  1840, 
22,338. 

Broome,  t,  Schoharie  co.,  N.  Y.,  33  w.  Alba- 
ny. The  surface  is  hilly  and  mountainous  ;  soil, 
light  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Schoharie  creek 
and  its  tributaries,  and  by  Catskill  cr.  It  has  8 
stores,  cap.  $10,300  ;  2  tanneries,  2  grist  mills,  11 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,950.  17  sch.  759 
scholars.     Pop.  2,404. 

Brothers  Valley,  t.,  Somerset  county,  Pa. 
Drained  by  Castlemans  r.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$8,000  ;  3  fulling  m.,  4  distilleries,  1  flouring  m., 
6  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$8,150.    5  schools,  125  scholars.     Pop.  1,548. 

Brotherton,  p-o.,  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md., 
10  n.  by  w.  Annapolis,  50  W. 

Brotzmansville,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  N.  J.,  78 
n.  n.  w.  Trenton,  226  W. 

Browers,  p-o.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  66  n.  e.  Harris- 
burg, 159  W. 

Brower's  Mills,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  N.  C, 
73  w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  347  W. 

Brown,  county,  O.,  in  the  s.  w.  part  of  the 
state,  contains  about  470  sq.  ms.  It  lies  on  the 
Ohio  r.  Watered  by  Eagle,  Red-oak,  Straight, 
and  White-oak  creeks.  The  surface  on  the  Ohio 
is  somewhat  broken,  but  at  the  distance  of  5  ms. 
becomes  level.  The  soil  is  generally  good,  and 
in  some  parts  excellent.  Organized  in  1818. 
Capital,  Georgetown.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  16,316,  sheep  25,775,  swine  39,784  ;  wheat 
324,019  bushels  produced,  rye  2,348,  Indian  com 
757,284,  barley  1,919,  oats212,448,  potatoes  62,964, 
tobacco  63,260  pounds  ;  2  com.  houses  in  foreign 
trade,  cap.  11,000  ;  63  stores,  capital  $210,950  ;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  15  tanneries,  2  distille- 
ries, 1  brewery,  42  flouring  m.,  23  grist  m.,  38  saw 
m.,  4  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  3  weekly  newspa- 
pers. Cap.  in  manulac.  $206,678.  1  college,  22 
students,  1  acad.  45  students,  33  sch.  1,352  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  1830,  17,869 ;  1840,  22,715. 

Brown,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state,  contains  300  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  the  soil  fertile.  Illinois  r.  runs 
on  its  e.  border,  and  Crooked  creek  on  the  n.  e. 
McKee's  cr.  passes  through  the  southern  part  of 
the  co.  Capital,  Mount  Sterling.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,875,  sheep  3,733,  swine 
10,278  ;  wheat  15,791  bush,  produced,  Ind.  com 
128,105,  buckwheat  1,216,  oats  17,417,  potatoes 
10,735,  tobacco  3,030  pounds,  sugar  14,9b3 ;  13 
stores,  cap.  $18,800  ;  4  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  2 


BRO 


85 


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potteries,  6  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  maim- , 
fac.  $36,9L>5.  11  sch.  344  scholars.  Pop.  4,183.  | 
Brown,  county,  la.,  central  in  the  s.  part  of  the 
Btate,  contains  310  sq.  ras.  Drained  by  Salt  cr.  j 
and  its  tributaries.  Surface  undulating  and  hilly,  j 
and  the  soil  fertile.  Capital,  Nashville.  There 
were  in  1810,  neat  cattle  2,261,  sheep  2,635,  swine  | 
6,927  ;  wheat  3,388  bush,  produced,  I.  corn  66,578, 
oats  9,375,  potatoes  3,530,  tobacco  3,562  pounds, 
sugar  23,215 ;  value  of  skins  and  furs  produced, 
$!?.(>  11  ;  1  tannery,  6  grist  m.,  2  saw  ra.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $5,300.  1  school,  24  scholars.  Pop. 
2,364. 

Brown,  county,  Wis.,  lies  on  both  sides  of 
Green  Bay,  and  w.  of  Lake  Michigan.  It  con- 
tains 1,150  sq.  ms.  in  the  part  surveyed.  The 
surface  is  various,  and  the  soil  good,  but  some- 
what wet  and  cold.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  1,053,  sheep  85,  swine  1,330;  wheat  7,614 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  3,696,  oats  13,674,  po- 
tatoes 27,503,  sugar  30,460  pounds  ;  3  commercial 
houses  in  for.  trade,  cap.  $§3,000 ;  42  stores,  cap. 
•142,700  ;  8  lumberyards,  cap.  $8,200;  1  tannery, 
3  grist  m.,  25  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $126,338.  3  sch. 
46  scholars.     Pop.  2,107. 

Brown,  t.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.  Surface  moun- 
tainous ;  soil,  various.  Drained  by  Pine  cr.  and 
its  tributaries.  It  has  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $1,500.  3  sch.  60  scholars.  Pop. 
263. 

Brown,  t.,  Mifflin  county,  Pa.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $15,000 ;  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $29,310.     4  sch.  115  scholars.     Pop.  903. 

Brown,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  la.  It  has  1  grist  m., 
1  saw  m.     Pop.  749. 

Brown,  t.,  Washington  co.,  la.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $1,500;  3  tanneries,  1  flouring  m.,  5  grist  m., 
6  saw  m.,  2  sch.  60  scholars.     Pop.  1,451. 

Brown,  t.,  Athens  co.,  O.,  in  the  s.  w.  part  of 
the  co.  Situated  on  the  waters  of  Racoon  cr. 
It  has  2  stores,  cap.  2,000  ;  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,500.  2  schools,  30  scholars. 
Pop.  257. 

Brown,  t.,  Carroll  co.,  O.  Sandy  cr.  and  the 
Sandy  and  Beaver  canal  pass  through  it.  It  has 
6  sch.  185  scholars.     Pop.  2,165. 

Brown,  t..  Dark  co.,  O.  Watered  by  a  head 
branch  of  Stillwater  cr.  Pop.  294. 

Brown,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  0.,4  e.  of  Delaware. 
The  soil  is  generally  good.  Watered  by  Alum 
cr.    It  has  7  sch.  130  scholars.    Pop.  908. 

Brown,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  O.  Established  in 
1830.  Situated  on  the  w.  border  of  the  co.  It 
has  1  sch.  20  scholars.     Pop.  425. 

Brown,  t.,  Knox  co.,  O.,  in  the  n.  part  of  the 
co.  Situated  on  Yellow  cr.  It  has  5  sch.  200 
scholars.     Pop.  1,210. 

Brown,  t.,  Miami  co.,  O.  Drained  by  branch- 
es of  Miami  r„  It  has  1  saw  m.,  4  sch.  194  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,233. 

Brown,  t.,  Paulding  co.,  O.    Pop.  180. 
Brownill's  Mills,  p-o.,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich., 
83  s.  w.  Detroit,  523  W. 

Brownfield,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  78  s.  w. 
Augusta,  563  W.  Incorporated  in  1802.  It  has 
the  Saco  r.  on  the  E.,  and  contains  2  stores,  1  tan- 
nery, 3  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$4,000.  2  acad.  94  students,  13  sch.  480  scholars. 
Pop.  1,360. 

Brownhelm,  p-t.,  Loraine  co.,  O.,  124  n.  e. 
Columbus,  348  W.  Watered  by  Vermillion  r. 
It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $5,000 ;  1  lumber  yard,  cap. 
$10,000;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $0,200.  4  bch.  134  scholars.  Pop. 
934. 
Brownington,  p-t.,  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  49  n.  n. 


k.  Montpelier,  5:>5  W.  Watered  by  Willoughby 
r.,  a  branch  of  Barton  r..  Which  furnishes  water 
power.  Chartered  in  1790.  It  has  8  stores,  cap. 
$2,500;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $2,200.  1  acad.  46  students,  3  sch.  65 
scholars.     Pop.  486. 

Brownington,  p-v.,  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  215  w. 
n.  \v.  llarrisburg,  257  W. 

Browns,  p  o.,  Fairfield  dist.,  S.  C,  24  n.  Co- 
lumbia, 504  \V. 

Brovvnsboroitgii,  p-v.,  Oldham  co.,  Ky.,  42 
n.  w.  Frankfort,  534  W. 

Brcwvnsburg,  p-o.,  Makefield  t.,  Bucks  co., 
Pa.,  114  e.  llarrisburg,  170  W.  Situated  on 
Delaware  r.,  and  contains  1  store  and  5  or  6 
dwellings. 

Brownsburg,  p-v.,  Rockbridge  co.,  Va.,  139 
w.  by  N.  Richmond,  180  W.  Situated  on  Maf- 
fet's  cr.  It  has  1  large  church,  3  stores,  1  tan- 
nery, 1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  various  mechanics, 
20  dwellings,  and  120  inhabitants.  It  is  surround- 
ed by  a  flourishing  country. 

Brownsbukg,  p  o.,  Hendricks  co.,  la.,  14  w. 
Indianapolis,  585  W. 

Brown's  Corner,  p-o.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  6 
Augusta,  601  W. 

Brown's  Cove,  p-o.,  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  112 
n.  w.  Richmond,  136  W. 

Brown's  Mills,  p  o.,  Brown  t.,  Mifflin  co., 
Pa.,  62  n.  w.  llarrisburg,  154  W.  Pop.  of  the  t. 
903. 

Brown's  Mills,  p-o.,  Roxbury  t.,  Washington 
co.,  O.,  87  s.  e.  Columbus,  317  W. 

Brown's  Port,  p-v.,  Perry  co.,  Tenn.,  101  s. 
w.  Nashville,  785  W. 

Brown's  Store,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  O. 

Brown's  Store,  p-o.,  Caswell  co.,  N.  C,  96 
n.  w.  Raleigh,  272  W. 

Brownstown,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  Mich ,  25  s.  s. 
w.  Detroit,  504  W.  It  is  situated  at  the  mouth 
of  Huron  r.,  on  Lake  Erie.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$4,700,  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $3,000.  4  sch.  62  scholars.  Pop. 
793. 

Brownstown,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jackson  co.,  la. 
71  s.  Indianapolis,  597  W.  Situated  on  the  E. 
side  of  a  branch  of  East  Fork  of  White  v. 

Brownsville,  p-t.,  Piscatiquis  co.,  Me.,  102 
n.  e.  Augusta,  699  W.  Incorporated  in  1821. 
Pleasant  r.,  a  branch  of  the  Piscatiquis  r.,  passes 
through  the  t.  Otter  pond,  which  is  4  or  5  ms. 
long,  and  3  or  4  broad,  lies  on  its  E.  border.  It 
has  1  store,  cap.  10,000  ;  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m., 
1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  6  sch.  254  scholars.  Pop. 
568. 

Brownsville,  p-o.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  63  s. 
Montpelier,  474  W. 

Brownsville,  p-v.,  Brownville  t.,  Jefferson 
co.,  N.  Y.,  168  n.  w.  Albany,  5  w.  Watertown, 
420  W.  The  surface  is  level,  and  the  soil,  a  fer- 
tile marly  loam.  Watered  by  Black  and  Perch 
rivers.  The  v.  is  4  ms.  below  Watertown,  on 
the  N.  bank  of  Black  r.,  at  the  lower  rapids, 
where  there  are  mills,  and  below  which  the  r.  is 
navigable.  Incorporated  in  1829,  and  has  1  Pres- 
byterian, 1  Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist  church, 
8  stores,  1  cotton  fac,  2  satinet  fac,  2  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.,  2  iron  foundries,  2  machine  shops,  1 
whitelead  fac,  1  oil  m.,  1  tannery,  and  1  distil- 
lery, 125  dwellings,  and  1,000  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  1. 10  stores,  cap.  $35,000 ;  5  fulling  m., 
1  woollen  fac,  2  furnaces,  1  distillery,  1  flouring 
m.,  2  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $112,200.  20  sch.  1,387  scholars.  Pop. 
3,963. 

Brownsville,  p-v.,  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  191  e. 
by  s.  llarrisburg,  207  W.    It  is  situated  on  the 


BRU 


86 


BRU 


K.  bank  of  ihe  Monongahela  r.,  at  the  mouth  of 
Redstone  cr.  It  contains  about  250  dwellings. 
The  country  around  is  rich  and  fertile.  The 
national  road  passes  through  the  place,  and  con- 
stitutes its  principal  street,  and  passes  over  the 
Monongahela  by  a  fine  bridge.  It  has  17  stores, 
cap.  $94,100;  1  forge,  1  tannery,  1  brewery,  1 
glass  fac.,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  printing  office, 
1  weekly  paper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,095.  3 
sch.  113  scholars.     Pop.  1,362. 

Brownsville,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Md.,  95 
N.  w.  Annapolis,  63  W. 

Brownsville,  p-v.,  Licking  t.,  Licking  co., 
O.,  40  e.  Columbus,  353  W.  It  is  on  the  nation- 
al road,  and  contains  5  stores,  2  churches,  2  tan- 
neries, 17  mechanic  shops,  and  80  dwellings.  It 
has  an  extensive  trade  in  wheat  and  tobacco. 

Brownsville,  p-v.,  capital  Edmonson  co., 
Ky.,  132  s.  w.  Frankfort,  663  W.  Situated  on 
the  s.  side  of  Green  r.,  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  several  stores  and  dwellings,  and  112  inhabi- 
tants. 

Brownsville,  p-v.,  Granville  co.,  N.  C,  64 
N.  Raleigh,  267  W. 

Brownsville,  p-o.,  Marborough  dist.,  S.  C, 
131  n.  e.,  Columbia,  423  W. 

Brownsville,  p-v.,  Talladega  co.,  Ala.,  141 
E.  by  N.  Tuscaloosa,  790  W. 

Brownsville,  p-v.,  Union  co.,  la.,  68  e.  by  s. 
Indianapolis,  511  W. 

Brownsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jackson  co., 
111.,  177  s.  Springfield,  842  W.  Situated  on  the 
N.  side  of  Big  Muddy  r.  It  is  12  ms.  by  land, 
and  25  by  water  from  the  Mississippi,  and  is  sur- 
rounded by  hills.     It  contains  25  or  30  families. 

Brownsville,  p-o.,  Haywood  co.,  Tenn.,  164 
w.  s.  w.  Nashville,  847  W. 

Brownsville,  p-o.,  Saline  co.,  Mo.,  100  n.  w. 
Jefferson  city,  1,016  W. 

Brownsville,  v.,  Monroe  co.,  Ga.  Situated 
li  ms.,  w.  of  the  Ocmulgee  r.  It  contains  1 
Methodist  church,  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Brownsville,  p-v.,  Hinds  co.,  Miss.,  20  w. 
Jackson,  1,030  W. 

Browntown,  p-v.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  153  n. 
Harrisburg,  263  W. 

Bruce,  p-t.,  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  58  n.  Detroit, 
563  W.  It  has  a  productive  soil,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $2,000.  1  acad.  15  students,  4  sch. 
150  scholars.     Pop.  1,128. 

Bruce,  p-o.,  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn.,  147  s.  e. 
Nashville,  603  W. 

Bruce's  Valley,  p-o.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa., 
164  n.  by  e.  Harrisburg,  274'W. 

Brucetown,  p-o., Frederick  co.,  Va.,  154  n.  n. 
w.  Richmond,  78  W. 

Bruce ville,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  79  n.  w. 
Annapolis,  62  W. 

Bruceville,  p-o.,  Knox  co.,  la.,  119  s.  w. 
Indianapolis,  686  W. 

Bruington,  p-v.,  King  and  Queen  co.,  Va., 
42  n.  e.  Richmond,  127  VV. 

Bruins  Cross  Roads,  Park  co.,  la.,  58  w.  In- 
dianapolis, 629  W. 

Bruly  Landing,  p-o.,  West  Baton  Rouge  par 
La. 

Brumfieldville,  p-v.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  62  e. 
n.  e.  Harrisburg,  155  W. 

Brummels,  p-o.,  Davidson  co.,  N.  C,  103  w. 
Raleigh,  324  W. 

Brunersburg,  p-o.,  Williams  co.,  O.,  156  N. 
w.  Columbus,  508  W. 

Brunerstown,  p-o.,  Putnam  co.,  la.,  55  In- 
dianapolis, 620  W. 

Brunnett's  Creek,  p-o.,  White  co.,  la.,  83  n. 
by  w.  Indianapolis,  622  W. 

Brunswick,  county,  Va.    Situated  in  the  s. 


part  of  the  state,  contains  676  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Roanoke  r.  and  its  branches.  Capital,  Law- 
renceville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
10,801,  sheep  6,279,  swine  18,950 ;  wheat  26,963 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  328,801,  oats  115,842, 
potatoes  15,711,  tobacco  2,140,813  pounds,  cotton 
12,699 ;  19  stores,  cap.  $56,000 ;  5  tanneries,  1 
furnace,  4  flouring  m.,  19  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $24,700.  7  acad.  156  students, 
7  sch.  126  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  15,770 ;  1840, 
whites  4,978,  slaves  8,805,  free  col'd  563  ;  total, 
14,346. 

Brunswick,  county,  N.  C,  in  s.  part  of  the 
state,  lying  on  Cape  Fear  r.  and  on  the  Atlantic 
ocean.  It  contains  1,344  sq.  ms.  The  surface 
is  flat  and  marshy,  and  the  soil  poor.  Capital, 
Smithville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
7,237,  sheep  1,889,  swine  9,512  ;  Ind.  corn  36,357 
bush,  produced,  potatoes  47,426,  rice  949,755 
pounds,  cotton  7,868,  pitch,  &c.  4,867;  bbls.  4 
stores,  cap.  $9,800 ;  17  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  7  sch. 
106  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  6.523;  1840,  whites 
2,772,  slaves  2,119,  free  col'd  374;  total,  5,265. 

Brunswick,  p-t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  30  s. 
by  w.  Augusta,  7  w.  Bath,  26  n.  e.  Portland,  141 
N.  n.  E.  Boston,  570  W.  43°  53'  n.  lat.,  69°  55' 
w.  Ion.  It  is  situated  on  the  s.  side  of  the  An- 
droscoggin r.,  at  the  lower  falls,  where  there  is 
extensive  water  power.  The  river  below  is 
navigable  for  gondolas  to  Bath.  A  great  amount 
of  lumber  comes  down  the  Androscoggin.  There 
are  13  saw  m.,  and  a  cotton  fac.  at  this  place.  A 
bridge  connects  it  with  Topsham. 

Bowdoin  college,  a  well  endowed  and  flour- 
ishing institution,  is  located  here.  It  was  found- 
ed in  1794,  has  a  president  and  10  professors  or 
other  instructors,  649  alumni,  165  students,  and 
20,000  volumes  in  its  libraries.  A  prosperous 
medical  school  is  attached  to  the  institution, 
which  has  4  professors  and  70  students.  Its  phi- 
losophical apparatus,  and  its  cabinets  of  miner- 
alogy and  natural  history,  are  very  complete. 
The  commencement  is  on  the  first  Wednesday 
in  September.  The  t.  has  30  stores,  cap.  $34,150 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  4,000 
sp.,  2  tanneries,  1  pottery,  1  flouring  m.,  5  grist 
m.,  13  sawm.,  1  printing  office,  1  periodical.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $220,825.  2  acad.  66  students,  32 
sch.  1,065  scholars.     Pop.  4,259. 

Brunswick,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  86  n.  e.  Mont- 
pelier,  583  W.  It  lies  on  Connecticut  r.  Nulhe- 
gan  r.  and  Paul's  stream  pass  through  the  t.  and 
furnish  good  water  power.  It  has  two  consider- 
able ponds,  which  discharge  their  waters  into 
Connecticut  r.  It  has  cap.  in  manufac.  $100.  3 
sch.  47  scholars.     Pop.  130. 

Brunswick,  t.,  Rensselaer  co.,  N.  Y.,  4  e. 
Troy,  10  n.  e.  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly. 
Drained  by  Poestenkill  r.  and  its  tributaries.  It 
has  4  stores,  cap.  $2,700  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  2  tanneries,  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  6  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,400.  15  sch.  599  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  3,051. 

Brunswick,  p-v.,  port  of  entry  and  capital  of 
Glynn  co.,  Ga.,  233  s.  e.  Milledgeville,  742  W. 
Situated  on  Turtle  r.  It  has  a  spacious  and  safe 
harbor,  having  13  feet  water  on  the  bar,  at  the 
lowest  tides.  It  is  13*  ms.  above  the  bar,  and  8 
ms.  above  the  light-house,  on  St.  Simon's  Island. 
It  has  a  court  house,  jail,  and  about  30  houses 
and  stores.    Tonnage  1840,  1,494. 

Brunswick,  p-t.,  Medina  co.,  O..  25  s.  w: 
Cleveland,  120  n.  e.  Columbus,  355  W.  It  has 
4  stores,  cap.  $4,600;  1  tannery,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac  $4,650.  8  sch.  297  scholars.  Pop. 
1,110. 

Brunswick,  p-v.,  Chariton  co.,  Mo.,  102  n.  w. 


BUC 


87 


BUC 


Jefferson  city,  996  W.     Situated  on  the  n.  bank  j      Buchanansviu.e,  p-v.,  Rutherford  CO.,  Tenn., 
of  Missouri  r.,  1  mile  below  the  mouth  of  Grand  j  12  s.  e.  Nashville,  078  W. 
river.  |     Buck,  p-o.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  50  s.  e.  Harris- 

Brush  Creek,  p-o.,  Green  co.,  Ky.  burg,  99  \V 


Brush  Creek,  t.,  Highland  co.,  O.  Drained 
by  Brush  cr.  It  has  8  sch.  400  scholars.  Pop. 
1,502. 

Brush  Creek,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  O.    Pop.  757. 

Brush  Creek,  t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.  It  has 
1  church,  4  flouring  m.,  4  saw  m.,  several  salt 
fac,  and  is  a  very  flourishing  t.     Pop.  1,606. 

Brush  Creek,  t.,  Sciota  co.,  O.    Pop.  401 

Brush  Creek,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Ark 
1  sch.  9  scholars.     Pop.  298. 

Brush  Hill,  p-v.,  Dupage  co.,  111.,  188  Spring- 
field, 735  W. 

Brushy  Creek,  p-o.,  Cleveland  co.,  N.  C, 
200  w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  437  W. 

Brushy  Creek,  p-o.,  Anderson  dist.,  S.  C, 
216  w.  s.  w.  Columbia,  519  W. 

Brushy  Fork,  p-o.,  Breckenridge  co.,  Ky., 
106  w.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  646  W. 

Bruynswick,  p-o.,  Ulster  co.,  N.  Y.,  85s.  s.  w. 
Albany,  300  W. 

Brutus,  t.,  Ingham  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  97. 

Brutus,  t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y.,  7  n.  Auburn, 
153  w.  by  n.  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  the 
soil,  a  well  cultivated  clay  and  sandy  loam. 
Gypsum  and  limestone  are  found  here.  Drained 
by  Branch  creek  and  Cold  Spring,  streams  which 
flow  n.  into  Seneca  r.  The  Erie  canal  passes 
through  the  place,  on  which,  in  the  t.,  the  village 
of  Weedsport  it  situated.  There  are  in  the  t.,  13 
stores,  cap.  $27,400 ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  grist  m.,  9  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $36,150.  15  sch.  751  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  2,044. 

Bryan,  county,  Ga.,  in  the  s.  e.  part  of  the 
state,  on  the  Atlantic.  The  Ogeechee  r.  bounds 
it  on  the  n.  e.  It  contains  480  sq.  ms.  The 
Cannouchee  r.  passes  through  it.  Such  is  the 
marshy  nature  of  the  soil,  that  the  roads  are  made 
with  great  expense.  It  has  4  acad.  65  students. 
Pop.  3,182. 

Bryan,  p-v.,  Pulaski  t.,  capital  of  Williams  co., 
O.,  situated  near  the  centre  of  the  co. 

Bryansburg,  p-v.,  Jefferson  co.,  la.,  83  s.  e. 
Indianapolis,  563  W. 

Bryantown,  p-v.,  Charles  co.,  Md.,  69  s.  w. 
Annapolis,  10  n.  e.  Port  Tobacco,  44  W. 

Brydee's  Store,  p-o.,  Lunenburg  co.,  Va.,  83 
s.  w.  Richmond,  202  W. 


Buchanan,  county,  Mo.,  in  the  n.  w.  part  of 
the  state,  contains  800  sq.  ms.  It  has  the  Missou- 
ri river  on  the  western  boundary,  and  the  Little 
Platte  river  passes  south  through  the  centre  of  the 
county.  Capital,  Sparta.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  8,476,  sheep  6,071,  swine  25,778; 
wheat  1,884  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  194,961, 
oats  405,  potatoes  12,069,  tobacco  3,300  pounds, 
sugar  209 ;  14  stores,  cap.  $34,210 ;  3  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,050.  17  sch.  427 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,004,  slaves  227,  free 
col'd  6  ;  total,  6,237. 

Buchanan,  p-o.,  Birmingham  bor.,  Alleghany 
co.,  Pa.,  201  w.  Harrisburg,  227  W.  (See  Pitts- 
burg.) 

Buchanan,  v.,  Botetourt  co.,  Va.,  on  James  r., 
opposite  to  Pattonsburg,  with  which  it  is  connect- 
ed by  a  fine  bridge. 

Buchanan,  t.,  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  lying  on  the 
St.  Joseph's  r.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $3,000.  3  sch.  57  scholars.  Pop. 
264. 

Buchanan's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Calcasieu  par.,  La., 
307  w.  N.  Orleans,  l,33i  W. 

Buchanan's  Station*,  p-o.,  Ripley  co.,  la.  80 
8.  e.  Indianapolis,  556  W 


Buck,  t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.  It  has  8  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,800.  1  sch.  45  scholars. 
Pop.  307. 

Buck  Bridge,  Potsdam  t.,  St.  Lawrence  co., 
N.  Y.,  231  n.  w.  Albany,  503  W. 

Buck  Creek,  p-o.,  Spartansburg  dist.,  S.  C, 
114  n.  w.  Columbia,  475  W. 

Buck  Creek,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  la.  1  grist  m. 
Has  |  Pop.  224. 

Buck  Creek,  p-o.,  Tuscaloosa  co.,  20  Tusca- 
loosa, 838  W. 

Buck  Eye,  p-o.,  Putnam  co.,  O.,  119  n.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 484  W. 

Buck  Eye,  p-o.,  Laurens  co.,  Ga.,  50  n.  by  w. 
Milledgeville,  67S  W. 

Buckeyestown,  p-v.,  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  81 
N.  w.  Annapolis,  49  W. 

Buckfield,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  32  w.  by  s. 
Augusta,  50  n.  by  w.  Portland,  591  W.  Watered 
by  a  branch  of  Androscoggin  r.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. It  has  8  stores,  cap.  $10,250  ;  1  fulling  m., 
46  tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $15,011.  1  acad.  25  students,  13  sch.  656 
scholars.     Pop.  1,629. 

Buckhannon,  p-o.,  Lewis  co.,  Mo. 

Buckhead,  p-o.,  Fairfield  dist.,  S.  C.,44  n.  by 
w.  Columbia,  484  W. 

Buckhead,  p-o.,  3Iorgan  co.,  Ga.,  48  n.  n.  w. 
Melledgeville,  618  W. 

Buckhead  Causeway,  p-o.,  Colleton  dist,  S. 
C,  113  s.  by  e.  Columbia,  619  W. 

Buckhorn,  p-o.,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa. 

Buckingham,  p-o.,  Baltimore  co.,  Md. 

Buckingham,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  west 
bank  of  the  Delaware  r.  It  has  3  sch.  50  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  233. 

Buckingham,  p-t.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.  104  E.  by 
n.  Harrisburg,  166  W.  Soil,  loam,  clay,  and 
gravel.  It  is  inhabited  chiefly  by  Friends.  It  has 
a  well  endowed  academy.  It  contains  7  stores, 
cap.  $16,500 ;  1  tannery,  6  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  2 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $57,050.  7  sch.  281 
scholars.     Pop.  2,482. 

Buckingham,  county,  Va.,  in  the  lower  cen- 
tral part  of  the  state,  lies  on  James  r.,  and  con- 
tains 816  sq.  ms.  The  Appamattox  r.  runs  on  its 
southern   border.    Capital,    Maysville.    There 


were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  11,881,  sheep  14,566, 
swine  22,315;  wheat  168,771  bush,  produced, 
rye  1,311,  Ind.  corn  438,913,  oats  227,080  pota- 
toes 20,539,  tobacco  2,452,520  pounds,  cotton 
10,941 ;  37  stores,  cap.  $190,825  ;  1  furnace,  1 
woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac,  76  tanneries,  9  distil- 
leries, 22  flouring  m.,  52  grist  m.,  44  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $225,556.  1  college,  97  students,  16 
acad.  300  students,  20  sch.  356  scholars.  Pop. 
1830,  18,351 ;  1840,  whites  7,323,  slaves  10,014, 
free  col'd  449;  total,  18,786. 

Buckingham,  C.  H.,  p-o.,  Maysville  v.,  Buck- 
ingham co.,  Va.,  79  w.  Richmond,  158  W. 

Buckland,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Ms.,  104  w.  by 
N.  Boston,  412  W.  It  lies  on  the  s.  side  of  Deer- 
field  r.  Incorporated  in  1779.  It  is  a  good  graz- 
ing t.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  2 
tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac $1,300.    8  sch.  279  scholars.    Pop.  1,084. 

Buckland,  p-v.,  Prince  William  co.,  Va.,  Ill 
N.  Richmond,  42  W.  It  has  an  elevated  and  ro- 
mantic situation,  on  Broad  Run,  on  which  are  2 
flouring  m.  It  contains  1  church,  free  to  all  de- 
nominations, 2  stores,  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  and 
various  mechanics.  It  has  a  population  of  aoout 
200. 


BUF 


88 


BUF 


Buckland  Corners,  p-o.,  Hartford  co.,  Ct.,  6 
Hartford,  342  W. 

HrvKRAM,  p-v.,  Queens  co.,  N.  Y.,  179  s.  Al- 
bany, 259  W.     Situated  on  Beaver-dam  cr.    It 
has  Tstore,  2  grist  m.,  and  10  or  15  dwellings. 
Buck  Prairie,  p-o.,  Barry  co.,  Mo. 
Buck  Run,  p-o.,  Union  co.,  O.,  46  n.  by  w. 
Columbus,  436  W. 

Bucks,  county,  Pa.,  in  the  s.  e.  part  of  the 
state,  is  situated  on  the  Delaware  r.,  contains  546 
sq.  ms.  Drained  by  the  Neshaminy  and  Tohic- 
kon  creeks,  and  the  sources  of  the  Perkiomen  cr. 
The  surface  is  agreeably  diversified,  and  the  soil 
various,  but  highly  cultivated.  Plumbago  or 
black  lead  is  found  in  Southampton  t.  Capital, 
Doylestown.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
32,805,  sheep  27,244,  swine  38,516;  wheat  236,915 
bush,  produced,  rye  255,666,  Ind.  corn  680,123, 
buckwheat  107,86 1,  oats  884,870,  potatoes  237,979, 
silk  cocoons  1,280  pounds;  133  stores,  cap. 
$455,000 ;  10  lumber  yards,  cap.  $67,500  ;  2  full- 
ing ms.,  2  woollen  fac,  2  cotton  fac.  7,000  sp.,  24 
tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  brewery,  22  potteries, 
11  flouring  m.,  94  grist  m.,  80  saw  m.,  15  oil  m.,  4 
printing  offices,  4  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $336,051.  1  college,  30  students,  8 
acad.  233  students,  91  sch.  5,696  scholars.  Pop. 
1830,45,740;  1840,48,107. 

Bucks,  t.,  Tuscarawas  co.,  O.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $1,500  ;  1  distillery,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  6 
sch.  570  scholars.    Pop.  1,547. 

Bucks,  p-o.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.,  153  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 285  W. 

Bucks,  t.,  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich.  Watered  by 
St.  Joseph  r.  It  has  2  fulling  m.,  1  flouring  m.,  2 
saw  m.,  5  sch.  149  scholars.    Pop.  787. 

Buck's  Shoals,  p-o.,  Rutherford  co.,  N.  C, 
216  w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  453  W. 

Bucksport,  p-t.,  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  58  n.  e.  by 
E.  Augusta,  654  W.  It  lies  on  the  e.  side  of  Pe- 
nobscot r.,  15  s.  Bangor.  It  is  a  flourishing  town, 
with  a  fine  harbor,  and  considerable  shipping. 
The  ground  on  which  the  village  stands  ascends 
gradually  from  the  river,  and  the  houses  are  built 
with  neatness  and  taste.  The  harbor  has  suffi- 
cient depth  of  water  for  vessels  of  the  largest 
class,  and  is  not  much  obstructed  by  ice.  The 
lumber  trade  has  been  long  and  successfully  car- 
ried on  here.  The  lower  ferry  across  the  Pe- 
nobscot crosses  at  this  place.  It  has  5  for.  com. 
houses,  cap.  $35,000  ;  18  ret.  stores,  cap.  $50,000 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  8  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $15,700.  2  acad.  65  students,  15 
sch.  1,371  scholars.     Pop.  3,015. 

Bucksville,  p-o.,  Horry  dist.,  S.  C,  187  e. 
Columbia,  477  W. 

Buck  Tooth,  p-o.,  Little  Valley  t.,  Cattarau- 
gus county,  N.  Y. 

Bucyrus,  p-t.,  capital  of  Crawford  county,  O., 
62  n.  Columbus,  406  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  bank 
of  the  Sandusky  river,  and  on  the  Columbus  and 
Sanduky  turnpike.  The  town  is  large,  populous, 
and  well  cultivated,  containing  considerable  rich 
prairie  land  The  village  has  a  brick  court 
house  and  a  U.  S.  land  office,  and  is  flourishing, 
containing  over  800  inhabitants.  There  are  m 
the  town  9  sch.  592  scholars.    Pop.  1,634. 

Buell,  p-o.,  Montgomery  countv,  N.  Y..  62  n 
w.  by  w.  Albany,  387  W.  ' 

Buells  Lowell,  t.,  Washington  county,  O 
Pop.  71. 

Buffalo,  city  and  p-t.,  port  of  entry,  and  capi- 
tal of  Erie  county,  N.  V.,  lies  on  the  outlet  of  Lake 
Erie,  at  the  head  of  Niagara  river,  and  on  Buffalo 
creek,  w.hich  constitutes  its  harbor,  288  w.  Al- 
bany, 363  by  the  Erie  canal ;  73  w.  Rochester, 
22  s.  s.  e.  Niagara  Falls,  103  e.  Cleveland,  O., 


381  W.  Pop.  1810,  1,508;  1820,  2,095;  1830, 
8,653;  1840,  18,213.  Employed  in  commerce, 
771 ;  in  manufactures  and  trades,  1,851 ;  in  navi- 
gating the  ocean,  71 ;  canals,  lakes,  and  rivers, 
347;  learned  professions  and  engineers,  211 ;  1 
academy  with  64  students;  28  common  and 
primary  schools,  with  2,676  scholars.  The  land 
rises,  by  a  very  gentle  ascent,  2  miles  from  the 
water  to  an  extended  plain,  and  from  the  eleva- 
ted parts  of  the  city  are  fine  views  of  the  lake,  of 
Niagara  river,  of  the  Erie  canal,  and  the  Canada 
shore.  The  city  has  broad  and  regular  streets. 
Main-street  is  2  miles  long,  and  120  feet  wide, 
and  is  splendidly  built  with  large  stores,  dwell- 
ings, and  hotels,  and  presents  a  very  imposing 
appearance  ;  and  other  parts  of  the  city  are  built 
with  neatness  and  taste.  There  are  3  public 
squares,  which  add  much  to  the  salubrity  and 
beauty  of  the  city. 

The  public  buildings  of  the  city  are  a  court 
house,  jail,  and  county  clerk's  office,  2  markets, 
in  the  second  story  of  one  of  which  are  the  city 
offices;  17  churches,  of  which  the  Presbyterians 
have  3,  the  Episcopalians  2,  the  Baptists  1,  the 
German  Protestants  3,  the  Methodists  1,  the  Ro- 
man Catholics  2,  the  Unitarians  1,  the  Universal- 
ists  1 ;  there  are  also  1  Bethel  and  2  African 
churches.  There  are  an  orphan  asylum,  2  bank- 
ing houses,  an  insurance  company,  a  theatre,  and 
several  hotels,  of  which  the  American  is  one  of 
the  finest  in  the  country.  Among  the  useful  in- 
stitutions of  the  city,  the  Young  Mens'  Associa- 
tion, who  have  a  choice  library  of  3,500  volumes, 
and  the  public  schools,  under  the  control  of  the 
common  council,  for  the  education  of  the  whole 
population,  without  charge  for  tuition,  deserve  to 
be  mentioned.  Buffalo  stands  as  a  great  gate 
between  the  East  and  the  West,  through  which 
much  of  their  commerce  must  pass  ;  and  it  is  a 
great  depot  for  the  western  country. 

The  harbor  of  Buffalo  is  spacious  and  safe, 
having  12  or  14  feet  of  water  a  mile  from  its  en- 
trance into  the  lake  ;  but  it  originally  had  a  bar 
across  its  mouth.  To  obviate  this,  and  the  better 
to  protect  the  harbor,  a  pier  has  been  constructed 
of  wood  and  stone,  by  the  United  States,  extend- 
ing 1,500  feet  from  the  s.  side  of  the  mouth  of  the 
creek,  upon  the  end  of  which  a  light-house  is 
erected,  20  feet  in  diameter  at  its  base,  and  40 
feet  high.  This  pier  operates  as  a  breakwater, 
and,  by  confining  the  creek,  has  served  to  clear 
its  channel,  eo  that  vessels  drawing  8  feet  of  wa- 
ter pass  freely.  But  the  greatest  difficulty  of  the 
harbor  of  Buffalo  arises  from  the  accumulation  of 
ice,  on  the  breaking  up  of  the  lake,  driven  into  it 
by  the  strong  westerly  winds,  so  that  it  often 
remains  obstructed  after  the  lake  is  clear. 

There  are  50  or  60  steamboats,  and  300 
schooners  and  other  craft  which  navigate  Lake 
Erie  and  the  connected  lakes,  engaged  in  the 
commerce  between  Buffalo  and  the  west.  The 
tonnage  in  1840,  was  4,916.  The  arrivals  of 
steamboats  and  other  vessels  in  1840,  were,  4,061 ; 
clearances,  4,851.  The  amount  of  property  sent 
e.  on  the  Erie  canal  from  Buffalo,  at  the  same 
date,  was  177,607  tons.  The  amount  of  goods, 
including  domestic  manufactures,  salt,  &c,  re- 
ceived by  the  canal,  and  shipped  to  the  west, 
was  98,733  tons.  Tolls  received  amounted  to 
$376,417.  Buffalo  is  connected  with  Black 
Rock,  and  with  Niagara  Falls,  by  railroads. 
There  were  in  1840,  23  for.  commission  houses, 
cap.  $94,000;  231  ret.  stores,  cap.  $736,335;  1 
woollen  fac,  3  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  pottery, 
4  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.,  10 
printing  offices,  5  daily,  4  weekly,  1  semi-week- 
ly newspapers,  and  6  periodicals.    Cap.  in  man- 


BUL 


89 


BUR 


ufac.  $630,300.  It  was  originally  laid  out  by 
the  Holland  Land  Company,  in  1801.  It  was 
entirely  burned  by  the  British  in  1814,  except- 
ing 2  buildings.  It  then  contained  200  dwellings. 
The  inhabitants,  however,  received  $80,000  from 
Congress  as  a  compensation  for  their  losses.  The 
commencement  of  the  rapid  growth  and  great 
importance  of  this  place  may  be  dated  from  the 
opening  of  the  Erie  canal,  though  as  the  eastern 
limit  of  lake  navigation  it  was  gradually  rising 
before  that  event. 

Buffalo,  t.,  Armstrong  county,  Pa.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  81,900;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1 
distillery,  8  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$20,000.     1  sch.  22  scholars.     Pop.  1,820. 

Buffalo,  p-t.,  Washington  county,  Pa.,  217 
w.  Harrisburg,  213  W.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$3,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  3  tanneries, 
4  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,800. 
8  sch.  220  scholars.     Pop.  1,116. 

Buffalo,  p-t.,  Guernsey  co.,  O.,  87  E.  Colum- 
bus, 319  W.    Pop.  1,627. 

Buffalo,  p-o.,  Mason  co.,  Va.,  347  N.  n.  w. 
Richmond,  381 W.  Situated  on  the  E.  bank  of 
Great  Kanawha  r. 

Buffalo,  p-v.,  Cleveland  co.,  N.  C,  190  Ra- 
leigh, 427  W. 

Buffalo,  p-o.,  Perry  county,  Tenn.,  92  s.  w. 
Nashville,  769  W. 
Buffalo,  p-o.,  Polk  county,  Mo. 
Buffalo,  t.,  Pike  county,  Mo.    Pop.  2,174. 
Buffalo,  t.,  Morgan  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  188. 
Buffalo,  t.,  Marion  county,  Ark.  It  has  1  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.   Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000.     Pop.  91. 
Buffalo,  v.,  capital  of  Niangua  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the   Buffalo  Heart   Prairie,   3  miles  w.  of  the 
Niangua  r. 

Buffalo,  t.,  Butler  county,  Pa.  Drained  by 
Thorn,  Great  and  Little  Buffalo  creeks.  It  has  6 
stores,  cap.  $5,610  ;  1  tannery,  4  grist  m.,  4  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,675.  9  sch.  495  schol- 
ers.    Pop.  1,820. 

Buffalo,  t.,  Perry  county,  Pa.  The  surface 
is  hilly  and  the  soil  slate.  Situated  on  the  w. 
bank  of  the  Susquehanna  river,  across  which  is 
a  ferry.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $17,000;  1  rope 
fac,  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $14,745.  7  sch.  247  scholars.  Pop. 
948. 

Buffalo,  b.,  Perry  county,  Pa.  Situated  on 
Susquehanna  river,  5  miles  above  the  entrance 
of  Juniata  river.  Here  is  a  ferry.  It  contains  1 
Presbyterian  church,  2  stores,  and  25  dwellings, 
1  sch.  35  scholars.    Pop.  147. 

Buffalo  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Union  co.,  Pa., 
75  n.  by  w.  Harrisburg,  185  W. 

Buffalo  Ford,  p-o.,  Wythe  county,  Va.,  266 
w.  s.  w.  Richmond,  333  W. 

Buffalo  Forge,  p-o.,  Rockbridge  county, 
Va.,  152  w.  by  N.  Richmond,  196  W. 

Buffalo  Grove,  p-o.,  Ogle  county,  111.,  173 
N.  Springfield,  836  W. 

Buffalo  Hide,  p-o.,  Grainger  county,  Tenn., 
211  E.Nashville,  471 W. 

Buffalo  Hill,  p-o.,  Orange  county,  N.  C, 
43  n.  w.  Raleigh,  269  W. 

Buffalo  Run,  p-o.,  Centre  county,  Pa.,  91  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  183  W. 

Buford,  p-o.,  Highland  county,  Ohio,  90  s.  s. 
w.  Columbus,  457  W. 

Buford's,  p-o.,  Bedford  county,  Va.,  156  w, 
by  s.Richmond,  230  W. 

Buford's  Bridge,  p-o.,  Barnwell  district,  S, 
C,  88  s.  s.  w.  Columbia,  594  W. 

Bulger,  p-o.,  Washington  county,  Pa.,  223  w 
Harrisburg,  247  W. 


w.    Richmond,  292  W.     It  contains   1   Baptist 
church  and  several  mills. 

Bullbonus  Grovx.  p-o.,  Will  county,  111.,  163 
x.  H.  B.  Springfield,  710  W. 

Bullit,  county,  Ky.,  situated  in  the  N.  part 
of  the  state,  on  Salt  river.  It  contains  250  square 
miles.  Watered  by  a  branch  of  Salt  r.  The, 
surface  in  the  n.  e.  part  is  uneven,  and  the  soil 
fertile.  Salt  is  made  in  the  county.  Capital, 
Shepherdsville.  There  were  in  1810,  neat  cattle 
6,379,  sheep  8,821,  swine  20,988;  wheat  39,681 
bushels  produced,  rye  3,561,  Ind.  corn  246,665, 
oats  77,105,  potatoes  6,452,  tobacco  2,540  pounds, 
sugar  12,171,  6  stores,  cap.  $24,600;  5  tanneries, 
4  distilleries,  1  brewery,  7  flouring  m.,  18  grist  m., 
9  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $34,500. 
Pop.  whites  4,996,  slaves  1,320,  free  colored  18 ; 
total,  6,334. 

Bullock,  county,  Ga.,  in  the  s.  e.  part  of  the 
state,  on  the  Ogeechee  r.  It  contains  800  square 
miles.  It  has  the  Cannouchee  r.  on  the  s.  w., 
a  branch  of  which  runs  through  the  county. 
Capital,  Statesboro'.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  9,013,  sheep  1,621,  swine  6,145;  wheat 
2,974  bushels  produced,  Ind-  com  39,509,  oats 
1,877,  potatoes  12,416;  1  store,  cap.  $600 ;  12  grist 
m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,070.  1  sch. 
27  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  2,587;  1840,  whites 
2,147,  slaves  955  ;  total,  3,102. 

Bullocks,  p-o.,  Granville  county,  N.  C,  56 
N.  Raleigh,  272  W. 

Bullocktown,  p-v.,  Queen  Anne  co.,  Md., 
64  e.  Annapolis,  104  W. 

Bull  Pasture,  p-o.,  Bath  co.,  Va.,  161  w.  n. 
w.  Richmond,  188  W. 

Bull  Run,  p-o.,  Grainger  co.,  Tenn.,  213  E. 
Nashville,  492  W. 

Bull  Skin,  p-o.,  Gallia  co.,  O.,  Ill  s.  s.  E. 
Columbus,  369  W. 

Bulltown,  p-o.,  Braxton  co.,  Va.,  306  w.  N.  w. 
Richmond,  274  W. 

Bullville,  p-o.,  Crawford  t.,  Orange  co.,  N. 
Y.,  103  s.  by  w.  Albany,  238  W. 

Buncombe,  county,  N.  C,  in  the  w.  part  of  the 
state,  contains  2,000  sq.  ms.  It  occupies  a  broad 
valley,  between  2  ridges  of  the  Alleghany 
mountains.  Drained  by  French  Broad  r.  and  its 
tributaries,  and  by  Nolachucky  r.  The  country 
is  elevated,  the  surface  very  much  broken,  and 
the  soil  is  chiefly  adapted  to  grazing.  It  is  a 
very  healthy  region.  Capital,  Ashville.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,596,  sheep  9,803, 
swine  20,552;  wheat  22,903  bushels  produced, 
rye  9,251,  Ind.  corn  304,271,  oats  68,544,  pota- 
toes 21,308,  tobacco  8,619  pounds,  9  stores,  cap. 
$41,450 ;  5  tanneries,  62  distilleries,  36  grist  m., 
25  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly- 
newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $38,533.  1  acad. 
15  students,  1  sch.  10  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 16,259 ; 
1840,  whites  8,798,  slaves  1,199,  free  col'd  87; 
total,  10,084. 

Bundysburg,  p-v.,  Parkman  t.,  Geauga  co.,  O., 
166  n.  e.  Columbus,  325  W. 

Bunker  Hill,  p-o.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  102  e. 
by  N.  Harrisburg,  171  W. 

Bunker  Hill,  p-o.,  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  148  w. 
by  s.Richmond,  223  W. 
Bunker  Hill,  p-o.,  Jefferson  county,  Flor. 
Bunker  Hill,  t.,  Ingham  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  93. 
Burbank,  p-o.,  Wayne  county,  Ohio,  109  N. 
E.  Columbus,  360  W. 

Burboise,  t.,  Gasconade  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  316. 
Burdett,  p-v.,  Hector  t.,  Tompkins  co.,  N.  Y., 
184  w.  by  s.  Albany,  307  W.    It  contains  2 
churches,  3  stores,  and  400  inhabitants. 
Burdsfield,  p-o.,  Bedford  county,  Pa.,  117 


Bull  Creek,  p-o.,  Wood  county,  Va.,  324  n.  I  w.  s.  w.  Harrisburg,  144  W 


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~Bureau,  county,  111.,  toward  the  N.  part  of  the 
state  contains  648  square  miles.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  but  in  some  parts  level,  and  in  some 
parts  it  is  swampy.  It  has  some  prairie  land, 
and  some  groves  of  timber.  Watered  by  bu- 
reau creek.  Capital,  Princeton.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle4,001,  sheep 2,06, ,  swine  12,056 ; 
wheat  55,724  bushels  produced,  Indian  corn 
120,389,  oats  51,860,  potatoes  35,112:  6  grist  m , 
10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  29,776.  1  acad. 
45  students,  13  sch.  321  scholars.     Pop.  3,067. 

Burgess's  Store,  p-o.,  Nothumberland  co., 
Va.,  107  n.  N.  E.  Richmond,  166  W. 

Burgettstown,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  227 
w.  Harrisburg,  250  W. 

Burke,  p-t..  Caledonia  county,  Vt.,  51  n.  e. 
Montpelier,  561  W.  Watered  by  branches  of 
Pasumpsic  river,  which  afford  good  water  power. 
Burke  mountain,  in  the  s.  E.  part  of  the  town,  is 
3,500  feet  high.  It  was  chartered  m  1782— first 
settled  in  1790.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  the 
soil  is  generally  good.  Oil  stones  of  a  superior 
quality,  from  an  island  in  Lake  Memphremagog, 
are  manufactured  here.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$6,500 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  4  grist  m.,  7  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,630.  10  schools,  332 
scholars.    Pop.  997. 

Burke,  county,  N.  C,  in  the  w.  part  of  the 
state.  Watered  by  Catawba  r.  and  its  branches. 
It  contains  1,625  sq.  miles.  The  surface  is  ele- 
vated, though  a  mountain  valley,  and  the  soil  is 
generally  fertile.  Capital,  Morgan  town.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  16,529,  sheep  12,663, 
swine  39,556;  wheat  45,976  bushels  produced, 
rye  14,753,  Ind.  corn  620,996,  oats  77,691,  pota- 
toes 37,809,  tobacco  17,718  lbs.,  cotton  43,644 ;  20 
stores,  capital  $57,400;  gold,  value  produced, 
$38,122;  11  tanneries,  183  distilleries,  8  flouring 
m.,  66  grist  m.,  32  saw  m.,  3  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manu 
fac.  $50,580.  1  acad.  25  students,  8  schools,  204 
scholars.  Pop.  1830, 17,727 ;  1840,  whites  12,319. 
slaves  3,216,  free  col'd  264 ;  total,  15,799. 

Burke,  county,  Ga.,  in  the  e.  part  of  the  state, 
on  Savannah  r.  It  has  an  area  of  1,200  square 
miles.  The  Ogeechee  river  bounds  it  on  the  s. 
Watered  also  by  Brier  cr.,  a  branch  of  the  Savan- 
nah r.  Capital,  Waynesboro.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  14,956,  sheep  4,756,  swine 
26,728 ;  wheat  7,698  bush,  prod.,  rye  800,  Ind. 
com  508,503,  oats  10,877,  potatoes  35,465,  rice 
665  pounds,  cotton  6,359,303 ;  15  stores,  capital 
$71,741 ;  36  grist  m.,  22  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $25,400.  1  acad.  25  students,  5  schools,  103 
scholars.  Pop.  1830,  11,833  ;  1840,  whites  4,609, 
slaves  8,408;  free  col'd  159;  total,  13,176. 

Burke  Garden,  p-o.,  Tazewell  co.,  Va.,  274 
w.  by  s.  Richmond,  340  W. 

Burksville,  p-v.,  Prince  Edward  co.,  Va.,  81 
s.  w.  by  w.  Richmond,  176  W. 

Burksville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Cumberland  co., 
Ky.,  124  w,  by  s.  Frankfort,  637  W.  Situated  on 
the  w.  bank  of  Cumberland  river. 

Burketsville,  p-v.,  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  92 
N.  w.  Annapolis,  60  W. 

Burlingham,  p-v.,  Mamakating  t.,  Sullivan 
co.,  N.  Y.  It  contains  2  stores,  1  Methodist 
church,  1  tannery,  30  dwellings,  and  175  inhabi- 
tants. 

Burlingham,  p-v.,  Bedford  t.,  Meigs  co.,  O., 
86  s.  e.  Columbus,  341  W. 

Burlington,  county,  N.  J.,  lies  chiefly  on 
the  Delaware  r.,  but  extends  across  the  state,  to 
the  Atlantic  ocean.  The  soil  is  chiefly  alluvial, 
consisting  of  sand,  gravel,  loam  and  clay,  vari- 
ously mixed.  It  furnishes  valuable  pine  timber, 
and  bog  iron  ore.  Marl  abounds,  particularly  in 
the  w    parts.    Watered  by  Assunpink,  Cross- 


wick's,  Black's,  Craft's,  Assiscunk,  Rancocus, 
and  Pensauken  creeks,  which  flow  into  the  Del- 
aware. In  Springfield  t.  is  a  well,  which  con- 
verts wood  into  stone.  Blocks  of  hickory,  cut 
in  the  form  of  hones,  have  been  converted  into 
stone  in  5  years.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 16,863,  sheep  15,102,  swine  20,396;  wheat 
90,836  bush,  produced,  rye  253,346,  Ind.  corn 
577,520,  buckwheat  39,542,  oats  197,180,  potatoes 
193,126;  129  stores,  cap.  $364,450; -4  fulling  m., 
1  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  2,500  sp. ;  1  dyeing  and 
printing  est.,  3  furnaces,  7  tanneries,  19  distille- 
ries, 3  potteries,  3  paper  fac,  34  grist  m.,  46  saw 
m.,  1  printing  office,  3  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $807,670.  6  acad.  135  students, 
101  sch.  7,125  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  31,066  ;  1840, 
32,831. 

Burlington,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  120  n. 
e.  Augusta,  713  WT.  It  has  a  fertile  soil,  produ- 
cing good  crops  of  wheat,  and  contains  3  sch. 
105  scholars.     Pop.  350. 

Burlington,  p-t.,  port  of  entry,  and  capital 
of  Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  40  w.  N.  w.  Montpelier, 
80  s.  s.  e.  Montreal,  L.  C,  22  s.  e.  Plattsburg, 
75  n.  Whitehall,  513  W.     Situated  in  44°  27'  n. 
lat.  and  73°  10'  w.  Ion.     Pop.  1830,  3,525  ;  1840, 
4,271.     This  beautiful  village  is  situated  on  a 
bay  which,  in  the  form  of  a  regular  curve,  sets 
up  a  little  on  the  e.  side  of  Lake  Champlain. 
Toward  the  s.  part  of  the  village,  the  shore  is 
low,  but  toward  the   n.  it  rises  to  a  high  bluff, 
on  the  level  top  of  which,  the  barracks  for  the 
U.  S.  soldiers  were  situated  during  the  last  war, 
and  on  the  brow  of  which,  was  a  powerful  bat- 
tery.    From  the  s.  part  of  the  village,  the  ground 
rises,  by  a  gradual  slope,  for  the  distance  of  a 
mile,  *o  its   eastern  boundary,  which  is  250  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  lake.     The  streets  ex- 
tend from  e.  to  w.  to  the  lake  shore,  and  are 
crossed  by  others  at  right  angles,  dividing  the 
whole  into  regular  squares.     Near  the  centre  of 
the  village    is  a  handsome  public   square,   on 
which  the  court  house  is  situated.   'The  village 
contains  many  elegant  houses,    generally  sur- 
rounded by  shrubbery,  with  fine  gardens  in  the 
rear;  and  many  large  and  commodious  stores 
and  warehouses.    It  has  a  rich  and  extensive  back 
country,  and  is  the  largest  and  most  commercial 
place  in  the  state.     A  steamboat  from  White- 
hall  to   St.   Johns,   stops  daily   at  this    place. 
There  are  3  substantial  wharves,  and  on  Juni- 
per Island,  which  contains  about  11  acres  of 
ground,  and  4  miles  from  the  shore,  is  a  light- 
house.    The  U.  S.  have  also  erected  a  break- 
water   here,  as   a  protection  against  westerly 
winds.    The  lake  is  here  10  miles  across,  with 
several  islands  in  view ;  and  a  more  beautiful 
sheet  of  water  cannot  well  be  conceived.    The 
view  from  the  cupola  of  the  college,  as  respects 
natural  scenery,  is  second  to  none  in  the  United 
States.     In  addition  to  the  beautiful  village,  the 
meanderings  of  Onion  river,  the  broad  water  view 
of  the  lake  with  its  islands,  its  vessels,  and  its 
steamboats  ;  it  has  in  front,  on  the  opposite  shore 
of  the  lake,  in  the  state  of  New  York,  the  grand 
Adirondack  mountains,  nearly  or  quite  as  high 
as  the  White  mountains  ;  and  on  the  e.,  in  full 
view,    the    Green    mountains,   with  their    two 
highest  peaks,   Camels   Rump,  and    Mansfield 
mountain.     This  mountain  scenery  elevates  the 
beautiful  into  the   sublime,  and   contributes  to 
form  an  assemblage  of  objects  which  never  be- 
comes tame  by  familiarity. 

The  buildings  of  the  University  of  Vermont, 
4  in  number,  are  on  high  ground  at  the  e.  side 
of  the  village.  This  institution  was  founded  m 
1791,  and  received  as  an  endowment  from  the 


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state  about  30,000  acres  of  lund,  located  in  the  j 
various  towns  granted  by  the  state  of  Vermont. ! 
It  has  a  President  and  5  professors,  or  other  in- 
structors, 211  alumni,  110  students,  and  9,2001 
volumes  in  its  libraries.  The  commencement  I 
is  on  the  first  Wednesday  in  August.  It  lias  a 
medical  department  attached  to  it,  and  is  flour- 
ishing. 

Here  is  a  court  house,  a  jail,  2  banking  houses, 
6  churches,  for  Congrcgationalists,  Episcopalians, 
Unitarians,  .Methodists,  and  Roman  Catholics, 
some  of  which  are  elegant  buildings,  an  acade- 
my and  a  female  seminary,  which  are  fine  edi- 
fices. 

About  a  mile  and  a  half  n.  e.  of  the  court 
house,  is  a  fine  manufacturing  village,  on  the 
falls  of  Onion  r.,  denominated  Winooski  city. 
Beside  rapids,  the  river  here  has  a  perpendicu- 
lar fall  of  about  20  feet,  and  affords  a  great 
water  power.  This  village  is  situated  partly  in 
Burlington,  and  partly  in  Colchester,  and  the 
parts  are  connected  by  a  fine  covered  bridge 
across  Onion  r.  The  mills  and  manufactories 
of  this  place  are  already  considerable. 

The  t.  contains  some  good  land,  and  some 
less  fertile.  The  first  had  a  natural  growth  of 
hard  wood,  and  the  latter  of  pine.  The  first 
permanent  settlement  was  made  in  1783.  It 
has  49  stores,  cap.  $352,830 ;  1  tannery,  1  rope 
fac,  1  brewery,  1  glass  fac,  1  pottery,  1  grist 
m..  3  saw  m.,  3  printing  offices,  2  weekly  news- 
papers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $84,408.  1  acad. 
104  students,  17  sch.  835  scholars. 

Burlington,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mas.,  13  n. 
w.  by  n.  Boston,  453  W.  Watered  by  a  branch 
of  Shawsheen  r.  It  has  a  light  soil.  It  contains 
2  stores,  cap.  $7,000  ;  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $6,100.  4  sch.  180  scholars.  Pop. 
510. 

Burlington,  p-t.,  Hartford  co.,  Ct.,  19  w. 
Hartford,  339  W.  Watered  by  Farmington  r. 
and  its  branches.  The  surface  is  diversified, 
and  the  soil  a  gravelly  loam.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $400 ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  1  tan- 
nery, 3  distilleries,  4  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $21,500.  9  sch.  335  scholars.  Pop. 
1,201. 

Burlington,  p-t.,  Otsego  co.,  N.  Y.,  79  w. 
Albany,  356  W.  The  surface  is  rolling,  and  the 
soil  a  fertile  gravelly  loam.  At  the  v.,  are  a  church, 
2  stores,  and  15  or  20  dwellings.  There  are  in  the 
t.,  7  stores,  cap.  $25,500  ;  4  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries, 
2  distilleries,  4  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $42,405.     13  sch.  558  scholars.     Pop.  2,154. 

Burlington,  city,  p-t.,  and  port  of  entry, 
Burlington  co.,  N.  J.,  12  s.  Trenton,  17  n.  e. 
Philadelphia,  156  W.  40°  5'  10"  n.  lat.  and  72° 
52'  37"  w.  Ion.  Pop.  1830,  2,670 ;  1840,  3,434. 
It  is  pleasantly  located  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Delaware.  Encircled  on  the  s.  and  E.  by  a 
small  stream,  so  as  to  form  an  island,  1£  mile 
long  and  I  m.  wide,  connected  with  the  main 
land  by  4  bridges  and  causeways.  It  has  6 
churches,  1  Episcopal,  1  Presbyterian,  1  Friends, 
2  Methodist  and  1  Baptist,  a  city  hall,  a  lyceum, 
a  bank,  a  library,  three  extensive  boarding 
schools,  and  a  free  school,  established  in  1682. 
It  is  regularly  laid  out,  with  streets  intersecting 
each  other  at  right  angles.  The  bank  of  the 
river  is  a  beautiful  grassy  plain,  bordered  by 
elegant  dwellings,  chiefly  country  seats  of  gen- 
tlemen of  Philadelphia.  The  residence  of  the 
Bishop  of  New  Jersey  is  a  handsome  Gothic 
structure.  Burlington  was  founded  in  1678,  and 
incorporated  as  a  city  in  1784.  Tonnage,  1840, 
3,851.  It  has  15  stores,  cap.  $57,500;  1  tannery, 
1  pottery,  4  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  printing  office, 


1  weekly  newspaper.    ( lap.  in  manufac.  $89,650. 

1  acad.  io  stiulcnis.  9  sch.  180  scholars. 
Burlington,  p-t.,   Bradford  00.,  Pa.,   144  n. 

Harrisburg,  254 W.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
soil  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  Sugar  cr.  and 
its  branches.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $8,000;  1 
grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,445. 
7  sch.  245  scholars.     Pop.  1,118. 

Burlington,  p-v\,  Fayette  t.,  capital  of  Law- 
rence co.,  O.  Situated  ofl  the  v.  bank  of  Ohio  r., 
at  the  extreme  s.  point  of  the  state.  It  contains 
a  court  house,  a  jail,  2  churches,  I  Presbyterian 
and  1  Methodist,  a  steam  saw  mill,  2  carding 
machines,  and  various  manufactories. 

Burlington,  p-t.,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  Ill  w. 
Detroit,  572  W.  It  has  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $2,050.    4  sch.  84  scholars.     Pop.  411. 

Burlington,  p-v.,  Hampshire  co.,  Va.,  198 
n.  w.  Richmond,  126  W.  it  has  a  church,  free 
to  all  denominations,  1  store,  and  several  me- 
chanic shops. 

Burlington,  p-v.,  capital  of  Boone  co.,  Ky., 
82  n.  by  e.  Frankfort,  508  W. 

Burlington,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  la.,  53  n.  n. 
w.  Indianapolis,  611  W. 

Burlington,  p-o.,  Racine  co.,  Wis.,  82  s.  e. 
Madison,  791  W. 

Burlington,  p-v.,  capital  of  Des  Moines  co., 
Iowa,  871  W.  It  is  handsomely  situated  on  the 
w.  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  1,429  ms.  above  New 
Orleans,  and  248  above  St.  Louis.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  hills,  to  which  the  ground  rises  by  a 
gentle  acclivity,  affording  many  commanding 
situations  on  the  high  grounds.  It  is  regularly 
laid  out,  and  has  a  court  house,  and  jail,  and 
several  commodious  brick  churches,  and  many 
neat  private  residences.  It  has  2  steam  ferry 
boats.  The  commerce  of  the  place  is  consider- 
able. It  contains  a  U.  S.  land  office,  between 
20  and  30  stores,  and  a  variety  of  mechanical  and 
manufacturing  establishments.  It  has  2  printing 
offices,  each  of  which  issues  a  weekly  news- 
paper. 

Burlington,  t.,  Licking  co.,  O.  It  has  5 
sch.  284  scholars.     Pop.  1,222. 

Burlington,  t.,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich. 

Burlington  Flats,  p-o.,  Burlington  t.,  Otsego 
co.,  N.  Y.,  83  w.  Albany,  360  W. 

Burnington,  t.,  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
403. 

Burnersville,  p-o.,  Lewis  co.,  Va.,  231  n.  w. 
Richmond,  243  W. 

Burns,  t.,  Allegany  co.,  N.  Y.,  237  w.  by  s. 
Albany.  The  surface  is  broken  ;  soil,  a  fertile 
clay  loam.  Drained  by  Canaseraga  cr.  It  con- 
tains 3  stores,  cap.  $12,000 ;  1  tannery,  2  grist 
m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,800.  7  sch. 
299  scholars.    Pop.  867. 

Burns,  t.,  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,000.  1  sch.  25 
scholars.     Pop.  257. 

Burnettston,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.    It  has 

2  stores,  cap.  $4,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  grist  m.,  5 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,650.  6  sch.  252 
scholars.     Pop.  992. 

Burnham,  p-t.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  (post  office 
called  Burnham  village,)  34  e.  Augusta,  630  W. 
It  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,000  ;  1  tannery,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,800.  7  sch.  266  scholars. 
Pop.  602. 

Burnside,  p-t.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  156  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  234  W.    Pop.  556. 

Burns ville,  p-o.,  Yancey  co.,  N.  C,  245 
Raleigh,  475  W. 

Burnsville,  p-o.,  Dallas  co.,  Ala. 

Burnt  Cabins,  p-o.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  67  w. 
s.  w.  Harrisburg,  111  W. 


BUS 


92 


BUT 


Burnt  Corn,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Ala.,  142  s. 
Tuscaloosa,  931  W. 

Burnt  Hills,  p-o.,  Ballston  t.,  Saratoga  co., 
N.  Y.,  25  N.  Albany,  393  W. 

Burnt  Ordinary,  p-o.,  James  City  co.,  Va., 
46  e.  by.  s.  Richmond,  163  W. 

Burnt  Prairie,  p-v.,  White  co.,  111.,  155  s.  s. 
E.  Springfield,  761  W. 

Burnt  Tavern,  p-o.,  Monmouth  co.,  N.  J., 
27  e.  by  s.  Trenton,  193  W. 

Burnt  Tavern,  p-o.,  Garrard  co.,  Ky.,  49  s. 
by  e.  Frankfort,  547  W. 

Burrilville,  p-t.,  Providence  co.,  R.  I.,  19 
N.  w.  Providence,  398  W.  Watered  by  Branch 
r.,  a  tributary  of  Blackstone  r.,  which  affords 
good  water  power.  The  soil  is  rough,  but  adapt- 
ed to  grazing.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $13,869;  2 
woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  1,056  sp.,  5  grist  m., 
15  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $39,860.  10  sch. 
448  scholars.    Pop.  1,982. 

Burr  Oak  Grove,  p-o.,  Stephenson  co.,  111., 
215  n.  Springfield,  847  W. 

Burr  Oak,  p-t.,  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich.,  128  s. 
w.  Detroit,  576  W.  It  has  5  sch.  80  scholars. 
Pop.  286. 

Burr's  Mills,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  N.  Y.,  166 
N.  w.  Albany,  411  W. 

Burrsville,  p-v.,  Caroline  co.,  Md.,  71  E. 
Annapolis,  111  W. 

Burshley  Creek,  p-o.,  Cattahoola  par.,  La., 
251  n.  w.  N.  Orleans,  1,165  W. 

Burnt  Quarters,  p-o.,  Dinwiddie  co.,  Va., 
44  s.  by  w.  Richmond,  163  W. 

Bursonville,  p-o.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  119  e. 
Harrisburg,  184  W. 

Burton,  p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.  Y.,  297  w. 
by  s.  Albany,  312  W.  Watered  by  Alleghany 
r.  and  its  tributaries.  The  line  of  the  New 
York  and  Erie  railroad  passes  through  the  t. 
Pop.  530. 

Burton,  p-t.,  Geauga  co.,  O.,  165  n.  e.  Colum- 
bus, 330  W.  Watered  by  the  head  branches  of 
Cuyahoga  r.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $6,800 ;  3  grist 
m.,  7  saw  m.,  5  sch.  357  scholars.     Pop.  1,022. 

Burton,  t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $2,000;  2 'flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $10,000.    Pop.  733. 

Burton,  p-o.,  Parke  co.,  la ,  78  w.  Indianapo- 
lis, 649  W. 

Burton,  p-o.,  Adams  co.,  111. 

Burtons,  p-o.,  Tishamingo  co.,  Miss. 

Burtonsville,  p-o.,  Charleston  t.,  Montgo- 
mery co.,  N.  Y. 

Burtonsville,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Va.,  89 
Richmond,  109  W. 

Burtonton,  p-o.,  Copiah  co.,  Miss.,  59  s.  by 
w.  Jackson,  1,076  W. 

Burwell  Bay,  p-o.,  Isle  of  White  co.,  Va., 
69  s.  e.  Richmond,  192  W. 

Busbayville,  p-o.,  Houston  co.,  Ga.,  47  s.  s. 
w.  Milledgeville,  703  W. 

Busbee's  Store,  p-o.,  Wake  co.,  N.  C,  9  Ra- 
leigh, 397  W. 

Bush  Creek,  p-o.,  Bureau  co.,  111.,  131  Spring- 
field, 802  W. 

Bush  Creek,  t,  Washington  co.,  Ark.  Pop.  298. 

Bush  Creek,  t.,  Sciota  co.,  O.  It  has  2  sch. 
45  scholars.    Pop.  401. 

Bushkill,  p-o.,  Pike  co.,  Pa.,  142  n.  e.  Harris- 
burg, 236  W. 

Bushkill,  t.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa.  Watered 
by  Bushkill  cr.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  the  soil, 
white  gravel,  red  shale  and  slate,  and  moderately 
fertile.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,000 ;  1  forge,  1 
tannery,  4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$38,500.    3  sch.  160  scholars.     Pop.  1,716. 

Bushnell's  Basin,  p-v.,  Perrinton  t.,  Monroe 


co.,  N.  Y.,  217  w.  by  n.  Albany,  366  W.  Situa- 
ted on  the  Erie  canal,  and  has  1  Presbyterian 
church,  2  stores,  and  12  or  15  dwellings. 

Bush's  Mills,  p-o.,  Lewis  co.,  Va.,  291  n.  w. 
Richmond,  259  W. 

Bush's  Store,  p-o.,  Laurel  co.,  Ky.,  107  s.  s. 
e.  Frankfort,  552  W. 

Bushwick,  t.,  Kings  co.,  N.  Y.,  3  e.  Brooklyn, 
148  s.  Albany.  The  surface  is  somewhat  bro- 
ken, and  the  soil  moderately  good,  and  well  cul- 
tivated. Drained  by  Newtown  cr.  It  has  10 
stores,  cap.  $33,000 ;  4  rope  walks.  Products 
of  the  dairy,  $13,200.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $55,000. 
6  sch.  155  scholars.     Pop.  1,295. 

Buskirk's  Bridge,  p-v.,  Cambridge  t.,  Wash- 
ington co.,  N.  Y.,  29  n.  by  e.  Albany,  399  W. 
Situated  on  Hoosick  r.,  and  has  2  stores,  1  Dutch 
Reformed  church,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 
Here  is  a  bridge  across  Hoosick  r. 

Buskville,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Ga.,  109  n.  by 
e.  Milledgeville,  618  W. 

Busroen  Mills,  p-o.,  Sullivan  co.,  la.,  88  s. 
w.  Indianapolis,  659  W. 

Busti,  p-t.,  Chatauque  co.,  N.  Y.,  323  w.  by 
s.  Albany,  336  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
broken,  and  the  soil  good.    16  sch.     Pop.  1,894. 

Bustleton,  p-v.,  Philadelphia  co.,  Pa.,  110  E. 
by  s.  Harrisburg,  11  n.  e.  Philadelphia,  150  W. 

Butler,  county,  Pa.,  in  the  w.  part  of  the 
state,  contains  800  sq.  ms.  Alleghany  r.  touches 
the  co.  in  the  n.  e.  and  s.  e.  angle.  Drained  by 
Slippery  Rock  and  Connequenessing  creeks  and 
their  branches,  which  flow  w.  into  Beaver  river. 
The  surface  is  uneven,  but  the  soil  is  fertile,  and 
adapted  both  to  grain  and  to  grazing.  Capital, 
Butler.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  26,051, 
sheep  51,191,  swine  40,141 ;  wheat  254,9 14  bush, 
produced,  rye  107,703,  Ind.  corn  125,097,  buck- 
wheat 91,261,  oats  629,179,  .potatoes  286,158  ;  59 
stores,  cap.  $172,850  ;  3  furnaces,  3  fulling  m.,  4 
woollen  fac,  22  tanneries,  13  distilleries,  2  pow- 
der m.,  5  potteries,  54  grist  m.,  64  saw  m.,  4  oil 
m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $249,662.  2acad.  119students,  134  sch. 
5,252  scholars.     Pop.  1830,  14,683;   1840,  22,378. 

Butler,  county,  Ala.,  in  the  s.  part  of  the 
state,  contains  1,000  sq.  ms.  Drained  by  branch- 
es of  Conecuh  r.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
the  soil  moderately  productive.  Capital,  Green- 
ville. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,550, 
sheep  1,112,  swine  10,757;  wheat  3,193  bushels 
produced,  Ind.  corn  116,766,  oats  4,293,  potatoes 
8,392,  rice  500  pounds,  cotton  696,302  ;  14  stores, 
cap.  $55,500 ;  1  cotton  fac.  934  sp.,  4  tanneries, 
23  grist  m.,  16  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $41,850. 
6  acad.  236  students,  9  sch.  233  scholars.  Pop. 
1830,  5,650  ;  1840,  whites  6,192,  slaves  2,470,  free 
col'd  23 ;  total,  8,685. 

Butler,  county,  Ky.,  central  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state.  Watered  by  Green  r.,  which  is  nav- 
igable through  this  county.  It  contains  570  sq. 
ms.  Capital,  Morgantown.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  5,784,  sheep  4,978,  swine  21,564 ;  wheat 
15,313  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  183,088,  oats 
35,424,  potatoes  4,103,  tobacco  170,776  pounds, 
cotton  16,409,  sugar  10,254,  6  stores,  cap.  $15,300 ; 
1  tannery,  3  distflleries,  2  flouring  m.,  7  grist  m., 
1  acad.  51  students,  3  sch.  98  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 
3,053;  1840,  whites  3,379,  slaves  515,  free  col'd 
4 ;  total,  3,893. 

Butler,  comity,  O.,  in  the  s.  w.  part  of  the 
state,  contains  480  sq.  ms.  The  Miami  r.  and 
Miami  canal  cross  it,  and  it  is  a  populous  and 
wealthy  co.  Capital,  Hamilton.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  21,903,  sheep  29,172,  swine 
63,828 ;  wheat  318,720  bush,  produced,  rye  29,291, 
I  Indian  corn  2,243,561,  buckwheat  1,760,  barley 


BUT 


93 


BYR 


12,656,  oats  550,990,  potatoes  46,035,  sugar  39,860 
pounds ;  121  stores,  cup.  $208,430 ;  2  lumber  yards, 
cap.  $6,200;  1  fulling  m.,  6  woollen  fac,  10  tan- 
neries, 49  distilleries,  2  breweries,  3  potteries,  17 
flouring  m.,  21  grist  m.,  33  saw  m.,  4  oil  m.,  2  pa- 
per fac.,  3  printing  offices,  1  daily,  2  weekly  news- 
papers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $196,775.  2  colleges, 
25 1  students,  1  acad.  62  students,  79  sch.  3,237 
scholars.     Pop.  1830,  27,044  ;  1840,  28,173. 

Butler,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  N.  Y.,  178  w.  n.  w. 
Albany,  358  W.  The  surface  is  rolling,  and  the 
soil  a  gravelly  loam.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,500 ; 
1  tannery,  1  distillery,  1  grist  m.,  2sawm.  Cap. 
in  manuiac.  $1,500.  11  sch.  735  scholars.  Pop. 
2,271. 

Butler,  p-b.,  capital  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  203  n. 
n.  w.  llarrisburg,  245  W.  Situated  on  Conneque- 
nessing  cr.  It  has  a  handsome  court  house,  situ- 
ated on  a  public  square,  the  county  offices,  a  well 
endowed  academy,  5  churches — 1  Presbyterian, 
1  Episcopal,  1  Unionist,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Ro- 
man Catholic — and  about  100  dwellings,  13  stores, 
cap.  $61,850 ;  3  tanneries,  1  pottery,  2  printing 
offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$30,100.  2  acad.  119  students,  2  sch.  125  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  861. 

Butler,  t.,  Butler  co.,  Pa.    It  has  1  tannery, 

I  brewery,  2  powder  m.,  4  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $41,702.  14  sch.  359 
scholars.     Pop.  1,384. 

Butler,  t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $8,000 ;  1  flouring  m.,  9  saw  m.  Capital  in 
manufac.  7,100.     2  sch.  80  scholars.     Pop.  514. 

Butler,  p-o.,  De  Kalb  co.,  la.,  145  n.n.  E.In- 
dianapolis, 558  W. 

Butler,  t.,  Branch  co.,  Mich.  Watered  by 
Hog  r.     It  has  3  sch.  40  scholars.     Pop.  234. 

Butler,  t.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.  It  has  7  sch. 
39  scholars.   Pop.  1,711. 

Butler,  t.,  Dark  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,116. 

Butler,  t.,  Mercer  co.,  O.    Pop.  178. 

Butler,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  O.  It  contains  5 
grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  5  dis- 
tilleries, and  1  woollen  fac.    Pop.  1,896. 

Butler's  Landing,  p-v.,  Jackson  co.,  Tenn., 
85  n.  e.  Nashville,  636  W.,  on  Cumberland  r.  15 
ms.  from  Gainesboro. 

Butler's  Mills,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  N.  C, 
106  s.  w.  Raleigh,  380  W. 

Butlersville,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  O.,  94  n.  e. 
Columbus,  466  W. 

Butterfly,  p-o.,  New  Haven  t.,  Oswego  co., 
N.  Y.,  161  N.  w.  Albany,  386  W. 

Butter  Hill,  a  high  and  steep  eminence  on 
the  w.  of  Hudson  r.  at  the  n.  entrance  of  the 
"  Highlands." 

Buttermilk  Channel,  the  passage  between 
Governors  Island  and  Long  Island,  in  the  harbor 
of  New  York. 

Buttermilk  Falls,  N.  Y.,  a  picturesque  and 
beautiful  cascade  on  the  w.  bank  of  the  Hudson 
r.,  2  ms.  below  West  Point. 

Butternuts,  p-t.,  Otsego  co.,  N.  Y.,  94  w.  by 
s.  Albany,  341  W.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  the 
soil  red  shale,  on  slate  and  sandstone.  Drained 
by  Butternut  cr.  and  Unadilla  r.  It  has  8  stores, 
cap.  $39,200  ;  4  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  3  grist  m., 

II  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $98,120. 
18  sch.  796  scholars.     Pop.  4,057. 

Butts,  county,  Ga.,  in  the  central  part  of  the 
state,  contains  420  sq.  ms.  The  Ockmulgee  river 
runs  on  its  e.  border.  Capital,  Jackson.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,666,  sheep  2,522,  swine 
]  5,046:  wheat  34,637  bush,  produced,  rye  562, 
Indian  corn  224,395,  oats  28,813,  potatoes  5,385, 
cotton  926,659  pounds  ;  24  stores,  cap.  $63,429 ; 


1 1  arist  in.,  6  saw  in.,  1  acad.  64  students,  4  sch. 
ISO  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  1,944:  1840,  whites 
3,285,  slaves  2,022,  lVc>  col'd  1  ;  total,  5.308. 

But/.town,  p o  ,  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  97  N. 
B.  llarrisburg,  190  W. 

HrxTON,  p-t.,  York  ro.,  Me.,  65  s.  w.  Augusta, 
532  W.  Incorporated  in  1772.  Saco  r.  runs  on 
its  s.  w.  border,  and  has  here  a  fall  of  about  80 
feet,  which  furnishes  a  very  extensive  water 
power.  It  has  12  stores,  cap.  $6,650  ;  2  fulling  m., 
6  tanneries,  1  pottery,  2  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $24,138.  15  sch.  1,271  scholars.  Pop. 
2,688. 

Buxton  Centre,  p-o.,  Buxton  t.,  York  co., 
Me.,  66  s.  w.  Augusta,  535  W. 

Buzzard's  Bay,  lies  on  the  s.  coast  of  Ms.,  30 
ms.  long,  and  7  broad,  at  an  average  width.  From 
the  head  of  this  bay,  a  canal  has  been  proposed 
across  Cape  Cod,  a  distance  of  only  5  ms.  This 
would  often  save  a  tedious  navigation  round  the 
cape ;  and  it  is  a  wonder  that  a  work  so  easily 
accomplished,  has  not  been  effected. 

Buzzard's  Roost,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Ala.,  147 
N.  by  w.  Tuscaloosa,  8O0  W. 

Byberry,  p-t.,  Philadelphia  co.,  Pa.,  113  E.  by 
s.  Harrisburg,  155  W.  Watered  by  Poquessing 
cr.  Soil,  sandy  loam.  First  settled  in  1682.  It 
has  5  stores,  cap.  $8,850 ;  2  flouring  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,500.  1  acad.  26  students, 
5  sch.  183  scholars.    Pop.  1,055 

Byersville,  p-o.,  Sparta  t.,  Livingston  co.,  N. 
Y.,  249  w.  Albany,  339  W. 

Byesville,  p-o.,  Guernsey  co.,  O.,  82  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 322  W. 

Byfield,  p-v.,  Essex  co.,  Ms.,  35  n.  by  e.  Bos- 
ton, 468  W.  It  is  a  parish  partly  in  Newbury  t., 
and  partly  in  Rowley  town.  It  has  a  fertile  soil, 
which  is  under  good  cultivation.  Parker  r.  has 
falls,  which  afford  good  water  power.  Dummer 
academy,  located  here,  was  founded  in  1756,  by 
a  handsome  donation,  and  named  after  its  founder, 
the  Lt.  Governor  of  the  province. 

Byram,  r.,  in  the  s.  w.  part  of  Ct.,  separates 
this  state  from  the  state  of  N.  Y.  It  enters  Long 
Island  Sound. 

Byram,  t.,  Sussex  co.,  N.  J.,  8  s.  e.  Newton.  It 
lies  on  South  Mountain,  and  the  surface  is  very 
uneven.  Drained  by  the  Musconetcong  r.,  which 
runs  on  its  s.  border.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $43,000  ; 
4  forges,  1  distillery,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $34,360.  8  sch.  224  scholars.  Pop. 
1,153. 

Byrd,  t.,  Cape  Girardeau  co.,  Miss.  It  has  5 
sch.  123  scholars.     Pop.  2,575. 

Byrnville,  p-v.,  Fulton  t.,  Schoharie  co.,  N. 
Y.,  46  w.  by  s.  Albany,  384  W.  It  contains  1 
store,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  12  or  15  dwellings. 

Byron,  p-o.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  56  s.  w.  Augusta, 
633  W.     It  has  4  sch.  90  scholars.   Pop.  219. 

Byron,  p-t.,  Genesee  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  n.  e.  Bata- 
via,  243  w.  by  n.  Albany,  384  W.  The  surface 
is  level,  and  the  soil  generally  fertile,  and  well 
cultivated.  Drained  by  Black  cr.,  which  furnish- 
es water  power.  It  has  several  sulphur  springs. 
The  v.  has  3  stores,  2  churches,  1  flouring  m.,  1 
saw  m.,  30  dwellings,  and  200  inhabitants.  In  the 
t.,  are  4  stores,  cap.  $20,000  ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  flour- 
ing m.,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$4,300.    9  sch.  400  scholars.    Pop.  1,907. 

Byron,  p-v.,  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.,  72  n.  w. 
Detroit,  589  W. 

Byron,  p-o.,  Laporte  co.,  la. 

Byron,  p-v.,  Ogle  co.,  111.,  187  n.  Springfield, 

820  W- 
Byron  Forge,  p-o.,  Stewart  co.,  Tenn.,  65  n. 

w.  Nashville,  749  W. 


CAD 


94 


CAH 


C. 


Cabahatchkk,  p-o.,  Macon  co.,  Ala.,  133  s. 
e.  Tuscaloosa,  818  W.  '  4-    . 

Cabarrus,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the  s. 
part  of  the  state,  containing  300  sq.  ms.  ine 
surface  is  broken,  and  some  of  it  mountainous, 
and  the  soil  fertile.  Drained  by  the  upper 
sources  of  Rocky  r.,  which  falls  into  the  \  ad- 
kin  r.  Capital,  Concord.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  10,816,  sheep  9,142,  swine  21,600 ; 
wheat  86,300  bush,  produced,  rye  2,0J4,  Ind. 
corn  418,180,  barley  366,  oats  51,998,  potatoes 
17,276,  silk  cocoons  174  pounds,  cotton  4,568,  /26  ; 
15  stores,  cap.  $78,475 ;  value  of  gold  produced, 
$3,761  ;  1  smelting  house,  7  tanneries,  2  distil- 
leries, 18  flouring  m.,  20  grist  m.,  12  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,800.  4  acad.  107  students, 
22  sch.  513  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  8,796;  1840, 
whites  6,971,  slaves  2,179,  free  col'd  109;  total, 
9,259. 

Cabell,  county,  Va.,  in  the  w.  part  of  the 
state,  on  the  Ohio  r.  It  contains  about  1,000  sq. 
ms.  Drained  by  Guyandott  r.,  which  runs 
through  it,  and  Big  Sandy  r.,  on  its  w.  border. 
The  surface  is  broken,  and  in  some  parts  moun- 
tainous, and  much  of  the  soil  is  indifferent. 
Capital,  Barboursville.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  9,261,  sheep  9,631,  swine  19,606; 
wheat  39,327  bush,  produced,  rye  500,  Ind.  corn 
379,121,  oats  96,285,  potatoes  17,138,  silk  co- 
coons 35  pounds,  tobacco  6,375  ;  22  stores,  cap. 
67,600 ;  4  tanneries,  2  flouring  m.,  13  grist  m.,  8 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $32,300.  1  acad.  15 
students,  12  sch.  324  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  5,884 ; 
1840,  whites  7,574,  slaves  567,  free  col'd  22 ; 
total,  8,163. 

Cabeen's,  p-o.,  Union  co.,  Ark.,  108  s.  Little 
Rock,  1,173  W. 

Cabin  Creek,  p-o.,  Lewis  co.,  Ky.,  92  n.  e. 
Frankfort,  471  W. 

Cabin  Hill,  p-o.,  Andes  t.,  Delaware  co.,  N. 
Y.,85s.  W.Albany,  345  W. 

Cabin  Point,  p-v.,  Surry  co.,  Va.,  43  s.  E. 
Richmond,  166  W.  Situated  near  Chipoak  cr., 
and  contains  a  store,  and  18  or  20  dwellings. 

Cabot,  p-t.,  Caledonia,  co.,  Vt.,  20  n.  e.  Mont- 
pelier,  535  W.  Drained  by  the  head  waters  of 
Onion  r.  Some  of  its  waters  flow  E.  into  Con- 
necticut r.  The  surface  is  rough,  and  the  soil  is 
chiefly  adapted  to  grazing.  Chartered  in  1781, 
and  first  settled  in  1785.  It  contains  a  Congre- 
gational and  a  Methodist  church.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $10,000 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tan- 
neries, 1  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$13,750.     15  sch.  450  scholars.     Pop.  1,440. 

Cabotville,  p-v.,  Springfield  t.,  Hampden  co., 
Mass.,  95  w.  by  s.  Boston,  367  w.  Situated  on 
the  E.side  of  Connecticut  r.,  at  the  entrance  of 
Chickapee  r.  It  contains  3  churches,  1  Congre- 
gational 1  Unitari.,  and  IBap.  3  cotton  fac,  2  fac.  of 
machinery,  and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Cache,  t.,  Greene  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1  sch.  25 
scholars.     Pop.  804. 

Cache,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1  sch.  17 
scholars.    Pop.  372. 

Cade's  Cove,  p-o.,  Blount  co.,  Tenn.,  199  E. 
by  s.  Nashville,  527  W. 

Caddo,  parish,  La.  Situated  in  the  N.  w. 
corner  of  the  state,  between  Red  r.  on  the  e. 
and  the  Sabine  r.  on  the  s.  w.  The  surface 
is  level  or  slightly  uneven,  and  the  soil  mo- 
derately good.  It  has  Caddo  lake,  a  consider- 
able body  of  water,  in  its  n.  part,  and  Red  r. 
on  its  eastern  boundary.  Capital,  Shreveport. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,310,  sheep  144, 


swine  14,927  ;  Ind.  corn  177,515  bush,  produced, 
potatoes  45,230,  cotton  2,891,300  pounds;  16 
stores,  cap.  $134,300;  1  tannery,  3  saw  m.,  1 
printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  2  acad.  45 
students,  3  sch.  42  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,416, 
slaves  2,837,  free  col'd  29  ;  total,  5,282. 
Caddo,  t.,  Clark  co.,  Ark.  Pop.  661. 
Caddo  Cove,  t.,  Hot  Spring  co.,  Ark.  It  has 
1  sch.  27  scholars.     Pop.  207. 

Cadiz,  p-t.,  capital  of  Harrison  co.,  O.,  114  E. 
n.  E.  Columbus,  284  W.  It  is  a  flourishing  agri- 
cultural t.,  with  a  handsome  village,  where  is  a 
large  brick  court  house,  2  large  brick  Presbyte- 
rian churches,  and  a  Methodist  church.  There 
are  in  the  v.,  1  acad.  20  students,  3  sch.  253 
scholars.  Pop.  1,028.  In  the  t.,  1  acad.  25  stu- 
dents, 5  sch.  327  scholars.     Pop.  1,366. 

Cadiz,  p-v.,  Trigg  co.,  Ky.  Situated  on  the 
bank  of  Little  r.,  9  ms.  from  Cumberland  r.  It  has 
a  court  house,  church,  and  a  male  and  female 
seminary.  It  stands  on  a  beautiful  eminence, 
has  some  trade,  particularly  in  tobacco,  and  con- 
tains about  450  inhabitants. 

Cadiz,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  la.,  45  E.  N.  E.  Indian- 
apolis, 455  W. 
Cadron,  t.,  Conway  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  312. 
.  Cadwallader,    p-o.,   Perry  t.,    Tuscarawas 
co.,  O.,  95  e.  by  N.  Columbus,  38  W. 

Cadyville,  p-v.,  Plattsburg  t.,  Clinton  co.,  N. 
Y.,  173  N.  Albany,  548  W.  Situated  on  the 
Saranac  r.,  and  contains  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.,  and  about  25  dwellings. 

Caesar's  Creek,  t.,  Green  co.,  O.  Watered 
by  Caesar's  Creek,  a  branch  of  the  Little  Miami 
r.  It  is  a  flourishing  agricultural  t.  It  has  2 
distilleries.     Pop.  1,736. 

Caernarvon,  t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $10,000  ;  1  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,150.    Pop.  830. 

Caernarvon,  t.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.  It  has  7 
stores,  cap.  $21,400;  2  forges,  1  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  factory,  3  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  4 
flouring  m.,  6  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $9,190.     7  sch.  210  scholars.     Pop.  1,590. 

Cahaba,  river,  Ala.,  120  ms.  long.  It  rises  in 
St.  Clair  co.,  and  flows  s.  into  the  Alabama  r.,  at 
Cahaba  v.,  in  Dallas  co.,  195  above  its  junction 
with  the  Tombigbee  r. 

Cahaba,  p-v.,  capital  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  92  s. 
s.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  853  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
bank  of  the  Alabama  r.,  just  below  the  junction 
of  the  Cahaba  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
a  U.  S.  land  office,  and  several  stores  and 
dwellings. 

Cahokia,  p-v.,  St.  Clair  co.,  111.,  98  s.  by  w. 
Springfield,  811  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  bank  of 
the  Mississippi  r.,  5  s.  E.  St.  Louis.  It  is  an  oldi 
French  settlement,  and  was  one  of  the  earliest 
in  Illinois,  having  been  established  about  1683. 
At  the  commencement  of  the  revolutionary  war,  it 
contained  50  families,  and  was  early  the  seat  of 
a  considerable  fur  trade. 

Cahokia,  creek,  111.,  rises  in  Macoupin  co., 
and  empties  into  the  Mississippi  r.  2  ms.  below 
the  ferry  at  St.  Louis.  Through  the  American 
bottoms  near  its  mouth,  its  course  is  sluggish,  and 
a  mill  dam  backs  the  water  for  15  miles.  It 
formerly  passed  the  village  of  Cahokia,  but  a 
mischievous  Frenchman,  from  some  pique  against 
the  village,  cut  a  channel  from  the  creek  to  the 
Mississippi,  which  has  since  become  its  outlet. 
Along  its  borders  are  60  or  70  mounds,  of  various 
shapes  and  sizes. 
Cahoes,  or  Cahoos  Falls,  on  the  Mohawk 


CAL 


95 


CAL 


r.,  N.  Y.,  3  ms.  above  the  mouth  of  the  r.  The 
falls  are  70  feet  perpendicular,  and  when  the 
river  is  full,  present  a  grand  spectacle.  The 
banks  below  are  formed  by  perpendicular  rocks, 
about  100  feet  high.  The  Erie  canal  passes 
along  the  s.  bank  of  the  r.,  has  a  number  of 
locks,  and  crosses  the  r.  a  little  above  the  fulls, 
in  an  aqueduct.  About  a  mile  below,  the  r.  is 
crossed  by  a  bridge,  and  the  Champlain  canal 
crosses  it  by  means  of  a  dam. 

Cain,  t.,  Fountain  co.,  la.  It  has  602  scholars 
in  schools.     Pop.  1,567. 

Cain's,  p-o.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  56  s.  by  e. 
Ilarrisburg,  131  W. 

Cain's,  p-o.,  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga.,  100  n.  n  w. 
Mill  edge  ville,  63  J  W. 

Cainsville,  p-o.,  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  31  e.  Dy 
N.  Nashville,  650  W. 

Ca  Ira,  p-v.,  Cumberland  co.,  Va.,  57  w.  by 
s.  Richmond,  147  W.  Situated  on  Willis's  river, 
which  is  navigable  to  Curdsville  12  ms.  above 
this  place,  60  ms.  from  its  mouth.  It  contains  a 
church,  free  to  all  denominations,  3  stores,  1 
flouring  m.,  1  tobacco  warehouse,  and  various 
mechanic  shops,  40  dwellings,  and  about  240  in- 
habitants. 

Cairo,  p-t.,  Green  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  w.  Catskill, 
44  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  346  W.  The  surface  of  the 
t.  is  hilly  and  mountainous,  but  the  soil  in  the 
valleys  is  fertile.  Watered  by  Catskill  cr.  and 
its  tributaries.  The  v.  has  1  Presbyterian,  1 
Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist  church,  6 
stores,  1  woollen  fac,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  tan- 
nery, and  1  hat  fac,  60  dwellings,  and  400  in- 
habitants. It  contains  the  county  poor-house,  with 
a  farm  of  100  acres  attached.  There  are  in  the 
t.  10  stores,  cap.  $24,800 ;  2  woollen  fac,  1  tan- 
nery, 4  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$48,000.    8  sch.  252  scholars.     Pop.  2,862. 

Cairo,  p-o.,  Edgefield  dist.,  S.  C,  115  e.  s.  e. 
Columbia,  563  W. 

Cairo,  p-v.,  Henderson  co.,  Ky.,  209  w.  by  s. 
Frankfort,  736  W. 

Cairo,  p-o.,  Decatur  co.,  Ga.,  209  s.  s.  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  866  W.     Situated  on  Little  r. 

Cairo,  p-v.,  Sumner  co.,  Tenn.,  31  n.  n.  e. 
Nashville,  662  W.  Situated  on  N.  side  of  Cum- 
berland r. 

Cairo,  p-v.,  Alexandria  co.,  111.,  233  s.  by  e. 
Springfield!,  867  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  point 
ot  land  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Ohio  with 
the  Mississippi  r.,  extending  from  river  to  river. 
The  situation  is  important ;  but  the  ground  is  low, 
and  liable  to  be  overflowed,  which  forms  a  great 
check  to  its  growth  and  prosperity.  Here  is  in- 
tended to  commence  the  Great  Central  rail-road, 
extending  northwardly  through  the  state,  with 
lateral  branches. 

Calabee,  p-o.,  Macon  co.,  Ala. 

Calais,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  200  e.  n.  e. 
Augusta,  786  W.  It  is  situated  at  the  head  of  na- 
vigation on  the  St.  Croix  or  Schoodic  r.,  nearly 
opposite  to  St.  Andrews,  N.  Brunswick.  It  has 
an  upper  and  a  lower  village,  which  are  about  2 
miles  apart,  and  connected  by  a  railroad.  The 
falls  in  the  r.  here  afford  a  very  extensive  water 
power.  Below  the  lower  falls  is  a  bridge,  which 
crosses  to  the  British  side.  The  tide  here  rises 
20  feet,  and  vessels  of  the  largest  class  ascend  to 
the  lower  village.  It  has  3  for.  commercial 
houses,  cap.  $370,000 ;  30  stores,  cap.  $81,005  ;  6 
lumber  yards,  cap.  $71,000  ;  1  grist  m.,  20  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac  $130,820.  10  sch.  1,217  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  2,934. 

Calais,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  10  n.  e. 
Montpelier,  526  W.  Watered  by  branches  ol 
Onion  r.    It  is  a  good  grazing  t.,  and  several 


ponds  afford  fine  trout  in  great  abundance.  It 
DM  1  store,  cap.  $4,000 ;  1  tannery,  2  saw  m.,  4 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,700.  17  sch.  487 
•scholars.     Pop.  1,709. 

Calais,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  O. 

Calcasieu,  river  of  La.,  rises  in  the  parish  of 
Natchitoches,  s.  w.  of  Red  r. ;  towards  its  mouth 
it  expands  into  a  lake,  30  miles  long,  and  from  1 
to  10  wide,  but  contracts  again  to  a  river,  before 
its  entrance  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  The  tide 
Hows  above  the  head  of  the  lake  ;  but  Iwth  the  r. 
and  lake  are  so  shallow,  as  to  be  of  little  service 
for  navigation. 

Calcasieu,  parish,  La.  Situated  in  the  w. 
part  of  the  state  between  the  Mermentou  and  Sa- 
bine rivers.  It  contains  about  5,000  sq.  ms. 
Drained  centrally  by  the  Calcasieu  rivers. 
Capital,  Lisbon.  There  were  in  18-40,  neat  cat- 
tle 13,557,  sheep  552,  swine  4,564;  Ind.  corn 
16,670  bush,  produced,  potatoes  6,387,  cotton 
45,600,  sugar  6,000 ;  4  stores,  cap.  $28,500 ;  1  tan- 
nery. Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,575.  2  sch.  28 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  1,349,  slaves  482,  free 
col'd  226 ;  total,  2,057. 

Calcutta,  p-v.,  St.  Clair  t.,'  Columbiana  co., 
O.,  163  n.  e.  Columbus,  270  W.  It  lias  1  sch. 
35  scholars.     Pop.  135. 

Caldwell,  county,  N.  C,  in  the  n.  w.  part 
of  the  state.  Drained  by  Yadkin  r.  The  sur- 
face is  broken,  excepting  the  bottoms  on  the  r., 
which  are  broad  and  very  fertile,  producing 
large  crops  of  grain  of  all  kinds.  The  Blue 
Ridge  lies  on  its  n.  border.  Capital,  Lenoir. 
(Organized  since  the  census  of  1840.) 

Caldwell,  parish,  La.,  lies  on  the  Ouachitta 
or  Washita  ■  r.  It  contains  about  560  sq.  ms. 
On  the  e.  side  of  the  r.  the  soil  is  alluvial ;  on  the 
w.  side,  fine  hills  extend  to  Red  r.  Capital, 
Columbia.     Pop.  2,017. 

Caldwell,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  600  sq.  ms.  Sur- 
face generally  level;  soil  fertile.  It  has  the 
Tennessee  r.  on  its  s.  w.  boundary,  and  Cumber- 
land r.  passes  centrally  through  the  county.  Cap- 
ital, Princeton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
11,191,  sheep  10,045,  swine  35,189 ;  wheat  53,109 
bush,  produced,  rye  2,113,  Ind.  corn  601,265, 
oats  101,367,  potatoes  15,995,  tobacco  2,567,625 
pounds,  cotton  17,154,  sugar  8,205;  29  stores, 
cap.  $130,100 ;  1  furnace,  1  forge,  6  tanneries, 
13  distilleries,  2  potteries,  4  flouring  m.,  38  grist 
m.,  9  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  news- 
paper. Cap.  in  manufac  $71,192.  1  college,  76 
students,  3  acad.  69  students,  16  sch.  377  schol- 
ars. Pop.  whites  8,091,  slaves  2,171,  free  col'd 
103 ;  total,  10,365. 

Caldwell,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the  n. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  contains  432  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  level,  and  the  soil  fertile.  Drained  by 
Shoal  cr.,  and  has  good  water  power.  Capital, 
Far  West.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
1,495,  sheep  693,  swine  5,056 ;  wheat  4,079  bush, 
produced,  Ind.  com  62,282,  oats  15,190,  potatoes 
3,510,  tobacco  2,950  pounds  ;  6  stores,  cap. 
$12,400.  Pop.  whites  1,397,  slaves  61 ;  total,  1,458. 

Caldwell,  p-t.,  Warren  co.,  N.  Y.,  63  n.  Al- 
bany, 436  W.  The  t.  is  hilly  and  mountainous, 
The  v.is  delightfully  situated  on  the  s.  w.end 
of  Lake  George,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
county  clerk's  office,  1  church,  2  stores,  1  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  plaster  m.,  situated  on  Mill  brook. 
It  has  35  dwellings,  and  200  inhabitants.  The 
ruins  of  Fort  William  Henry  and  Fort  George, 
famous  in  the  history  of  the  French  war,  are 
near  this  place.  Lake  George,  on  which  a  steam- 
boat runs  regularly,  between  Caldwell  and  the 
outlet  near  Ticonderoga,  a  distance  of  36  miles, 


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96 


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presents  roost  romantic  scenery,  and  is  greatly 
resorted  to  in  the  summer  season,  by  visiters  to 
Saratoga,  and  others.  Pop.  of  the  t.  693.  There 
are  in  the  t.,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $9,500.    6  sch.  239  scholars.     Pop.  693. 

Caldwell,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  N.  J.,  60  n.  n.  e. 
Trenton,  230  W.  Drained  by  Deep  and  Green 
brooks,  tributaries  of  the  Passaic.  It  has  a  num- 
ber of  mills,  and  considerable  manufactures. 
The  surface,  excepting  along  the  streams,  is  roll- 
ing or  mountainous.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $6,500 ; 
1  Fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  166  sp., 
1  tannery,  1  bindery,  3  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $36,715.  1  acad.  22  students,  7  sell. 
310  scholars.    Pop.  2,184. 

Caldwell,  p-o.,  Greenvdle  dist.,  S.  C,  124  n. 
w.  Columbia,  486  W. 

Caldwell,  p-v.,  Caldwell  par.,  Louisiana, 
283  n.  w.  JNew  Orleans,  1,197  W.  Situated 
on  the  E.  side  of  Washita  r.,  on  the  border  of 
Prairie  du  Lait. 

Caldwell,  p-o.,  Pulaski  co.,  Ark.,  24  Little 
Rock,  1,089  W. 

Caledonia,  county,  Vt.  Situated  toward 
the  N.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  700  sq. 
ms.  Connecticut  r.  runs  on  its  s.  e.  border. 
The  e.  range  of  the  Green  mountains  extends 
through  its  w.  part.  The  surface  is  high,  and  the 
soil  is  good,  and  along  the  streams,  is  particularly 
fertile.  Pasumpsic  r.  runs  through  it,  and  enters 
the  Connecticut  r.  The  head  branches  of 
Onion  and  Lamoile  rivers  rise  in  its  w.  part.  It 
contains  granite,  limestone,  and  a  number  of 
sulphur  springs.  Capital,  Danville.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  32,663,  sheep  100,886, 
swine  18,991 ;.  wheat  52,109  bush,  produced, 
Ind.  corn  52,350,  barley  12,291,  oats  342,433,  rye 
1,799,  potatoes  1,066,848,  hops  2,011  pounds,  sugar 
665,397  ;  53  stores,  cap.  $212,200 ;  1  furnace,  18 
fulling  m.,  9  woollen  fac,  27  tanneries,  3  potte- 
ries, 30  grist  m.,  107  saw  m.,  3  oil  m.,  2  printing 
offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$354,790.  4  acad.  322  students,  205  sch.  7,398 
scholars.     Pop.  1840, 21,891. 

Caledonia,  p-t.,  Livingston  co.,  N.  Y.,  229 
w.  Albany,  363  W.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  the  soil,  a  fertile  calcareous  loam.  Watered 
by  the  Genesee  r.,  on  the  e.  On  the  w.  a  spring 
sends  forth  an  efficient  mill-stream.  The  v.  con- 
tains 2  churches,  4  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m., 
1  brewery,  70  dwellings,  and  about  450  inhabi- 
tants. There  are  in  the  t.,  1  furnace,  5  stores, 
cap.  $19,080  ;  1  tannery,  1  brewery,  1  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,800.  12  sch.  521 
scholars.     Pop.  1,987. 

Caledonia,  p-o.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  138  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  230  W. 

Caledonia,  p-v.,  Moore  co.,  N.  C,  85  s.  w. 
Raleigh,  359  W. 

Caledonia,  p-v.,  Claridon  t.,  Marion  co.,  O., 
52  n.  Columbus,  408  W.  It  is  situated  on  the 
w.  branch  of  Olentangy  or  Whetstone  r.,  and 
contains  a  church,  2  stores,  and  18  or  20  dwell- 
ings.   There  are  some  mills  in  the  vicinity. 

Caledonia,  p-v.,  Lowndes  co.,  Miss.,  157  n. 
e.  Jackson,  888  W. 

Caledonia,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  Tenn.,  124  w.  by 
n.  Nashville,  814  W. 

Caledonia,  p-v.,  Alexander  co.,  111.,  229  s. 
Springfield,  846  W.  Situated  on  the  Ohio,  13 
ms.  above  its  junction  with  the  Mississippi. 

Caledonia,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Mo.,  117  s. 
E.  Jefferson  city,  891  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side 
of  Big  r.,  in  the  midst  of  a  rich  mineral  region. 

Caledonia,  t.,  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.  It  has 
1  store,  cap.  $1,000 ;  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $5,000.    Pop.  114. 


Calhoun,  county,  Florida,  situated  in  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  ter.,  and  contains  1,100  sq.  m.  It 
lies  on  the  Apalachicola  r.,  and  has  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  on  the  s.  A  narrow  strip  of  elevated 
pine  land  borders  the  shore.  The  soil  is  sandy. 
Capital,  St.  Joseph.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  1,484,  sheep  29,  swine  966;  Indian  corn 
4,550  bushels  produced,  potatoes  4,495,  rice  5,000 
pounds;  7  com.  houses,  cap.  $51,500;  10  scores, 
cap.  $63,100;  9  lumber  yards,  cap.  $8,550;  2 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $22,300.  3  acad. 
52  s-tudents,  5  sch.  108  scholars.  Population, 
1,142. 

Calhoun,  county,  Mich.,  is  central  in  the  s. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  720  sq.  ms.  Wa- 
tered by  the  head  branches  of  the  Kalamazoo  r., 
and  by  St.  Joseph's  r.  Organized  in  1833.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  the  soil  a  rich  sandy 
loam.  It  has  valuable  quarries  of  sandstone  on 
Kalamazoo  r.,  used  as  a  building  material.  It 
has  extensive  water  power.  Capital,  Marshall. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,557,  sheep 
3,057,  swine  18,308 ;  wheat  176,630  bushels  pro- 
duced, Ind.  corn  140,971,  buckwheat  3,383,  bar- 
ley 20,553,  oats  179,177,  potatoes  132,319,  sugar 
19,755  pounds ;  33  stores,  cap.  $212,200 ;  4  distil- 
leries, 10  flouring  m.,  5  grist  m.,  29  saw  m.,  2 
printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $238,260.  2  acad.  88  students,  96  sch. 
2,157  scholars.    Pop.  10,599. 

Calhoun,  county,  111.,  situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state,  between  the  Illinois  and  Mississippi 
rivers.  It  contains  about  240  sq.  ms.,  and  con- 
sists of  table  land  and  strips  of  alluvion,  on  the 
Mississippi  and  Illinois  rivers.  Capital,  Gilead. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,705,  sheep  860, 
swine  6,097 ;  wheat  2,791  bushels  produced,  Ind. 
corn  72,030,  buckwheat  205,  oats  3,810,  potatoes 
5,673,  sugar  1,460  pounds,  tobacco  530 ;  8  stores, 
cap.  16,800 ;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $4,000 ;  2  grist 
ra.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $32,425.  5  schools,  119 
scholars.     Pop.  1,741. 

Calhoun,  p-v.,  Anderson  dist.,  S.  C,  115  w. 
N.  w.  Columbia,  525  W. 

Calhoun,  p-v.,  Lumpkin  co.,  Ga.,  130  n.  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  639  W. 

Calhoun,  p-v.,  McMinn  co.,  Tenn.,  163  s.  w. 
Knoxville,  569  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of 
Hiawassee  river. 

Calhoun,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  Mo.,  117  w.  by  s. 
Jefferson  city,  1,053  W. 

Calhoun's  Mills,  p-o.,  Abbeville  dist.,  S. 
C,  94  w.  by  n.  Columbia,  541  W. 

Caliboge  Sound,  S.  C,  sets  up  from  the 
Atlantic,  7  n.  e.  of  the  entrance  of  Savannah 
river. 

California,  p-o.,  Cole  co.,  Mo.,  25  s.  w.  Jef- 
ferson city,  961  W. 

Callaghan's,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Va.,  191 
w.  by  n.  Richmond,  228  W.  Situated  at  the 
junction  of  the  roads  leading  to  the  Warm,  Sweet, 
and  White  Sulphur  Springs. 

Calland's,  p-o.,  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  174  w. 
s.  w.  Richmond,  257  W. 

Callaway,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  600  square  miles. 
It  lies  on  the  Tennessee  r.,  which  bounds  it  on  the 
E.  Drained  by  Clark's  r.,  which  passes  through 
the  middle  of  it.  Capital,  Wadesboro.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,227,  sheep  7,758,  swine 
39,520;  wheat  54,911  bushels  produced,  Indian 
corn  157,818,  oats  65,903,  potatoes  11,428,  tobac- 
co 143,192  pounds,  cotton  93,471,  sugar  2,421 ; 
16  stores,  cap.  $42,800;  7  tanneries,  26  distil- 
leries, 3  flouring  m.,  10  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $4,010.    18  sch.  206  scholars.    Pop. 


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1840,  whites,  8,870,  slaves  911,  free  colored  13; 
total,  9,794. 

Callaway,  county,  Mo.,  situated  in  the  cen- 
tral part  of  the  state,  and  lies  on  the  Missouri  r., 
which  bounds  it  on  the  s.  It  contains  760  square 
miles.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  the  soil 
excellent.  Drained  by  Big  and  Little  Au  Vase 
creeks.  Capital,  Fulton.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  11,693,  sheep  13,666,  swine  29,493; 
wheat  33,909  bushels  produced,  rye  1,915,  Ind 
corn,  334,559,  oats  127,057,  potatoes  2,686,  tobac- 

00  391,312  pounds,  sugar  12,353;  24  stores,  cap. 
$146,400;  6  woollen  fee.,  9  tanneries,  9  distille- 
ries, 1  rope  fac,  5  flouring  m.,  34  grist  m.,  7  saw 
m.,  2  oil  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  news- 
paper. Cap.  in  manufac.  $33,510.  2  acad.  61 
students,  40  sch.  964  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  6, 159 ; 
1840,  whites  8,601,  slaves  3,142,  free  col'd  22; 
total,  11,765. 

Callaway's  Mills,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Va., 
182  W.  a.  w.  Richmond,  257  W. 

Callensburg,  p-v.,  Toby  t.,  Clarion  co.,  Pa., 
190  w.  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  276  W. 

Calumet,  county,  Wis.,  situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  ter.  Winnebago  lake  lies  on  its  w. 
border.  It  contains  300  square  ms.  Drained  by 
the  head  branches  of  Manitowoc  r.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  255,  swine  438;  wheat  1,192 
bushels  produced,  Ind.  corn  3,619,  potatoes  3,803. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000.    Pop.  275. 

Calumet  Village,  p-v.,  Calumet  co.,  Wis., 
110  n.  E.  Madison,  957  W.  Situated  on  the  E. 
shore  of  Lake  Winnebago. 

Calumet,  t.,  Pike  co.,  Mo.  It  has  5  sch.  142 
scholars.     Pop.  2,743. 

Calvary,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch. 
16  scholars.     Pop.  779. 

Calvary,  p-o.,  Athens  co.,  O.,  82  s.  e.  Colum- 
bus, 348  W. 

Calvert,  county,  Md.,  situated  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  state,  on  Chesapeake  Bay,  which  forms 
its  e.  boundary.  It  contains  264  square  miles. 
The  surface  is  undulating.  Capital,  Prince 
Frederick  Town.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  6,487,  sheep  6,601,  swine  12,617;  wheat 
36,982  bushels  produced,  Ind.  corn  166,592,  oats 
55,775,  potatoes  6,056,  tobacco  3,689  695  pounds ; 
26  stores,  cap.  $45,520;  25  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,545.  5  acad.  58  students, 
8  schools,  175  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  8,899  ;  1840, 
whites  3,585,  slaves  4,270,  free  col'd  1,474; 
total,  9,229. 

Calvin,  t.,  Cass  co.,  Mich.    It  has  1  grist  m., 

1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,100.  1  sch.  44 
scholars.    Pop.  209. 

Camak,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,Ga.,  48  n.  e.  Milledge- 
ville,  622  W.  It  is  a  depot  on  the  Georgia  rail- 
road. 

C  amanche,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Clinton  county, 
Iowa,  60  e.  Iowa  city,  912  W.  Situated  on  the 
W.  side  of  the  Mississippi  r. 

Cambria,  p-o.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  104  N.  N.  E. 
Harrisburg,  215  W. 

Cambria,  county,  Pa.,  central  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  720  square  miles.  It 
occupies  a  valley  between  the  main  branch  of 
the  Alleghany  mountains  and  Laurel  ridge. 
The  railroad  from  Hollidaysburg  passes  over  the 
mountain,  on  its  eastern  border,  and  terminates  at 
Johnstown,  in  the  s.  part  of  this  county,  connect- 
ing the  parts  of  the  Pennsylvania  canal.  The 
surface  is  rough,  and  in  some  parts  mountainous, 
and  the  soil  moderately  good.  Drained  by  the 
head  waters  of  the  Kiskiminitas  or  Connemaugh 
r.,  and  also  of  the  w.  branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
river.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,518, 
sheep  11,461,  swine  10,769;  wheat  34,421  bush. 


prod.,  rye  22,704,  Indian  corn  31,943,  buckwheat 
15,827,  barley  1,473,  oats  1 14,470,  potato©!  87,856, 
hops  503  pounds,  sugar 27,539;  l<>  com.  houses 
in  for.  trade,  cap.  |5,900;  39  stores,  cap.  $83,800  ; 
2  lumberyards,  cap.  $1,000;  6  tanneries,  1  brew- 
ery, 1  pottery,  1  rope  fac,  20  grist  m.,  60  saw  m., 
1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $32,852.  71  sch.  269  scholars.  Pop. 
1830,7,076;  1840,  11,256. 

Cambria,  p-t.,  Niagara  co.,  N.  Y.,  283  w.  by 
N.  Albany,  406  W.  The  surface  is  generally 
level,  and  the  soil  sandy  and  calcareous  loam. 
It  has  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $6,050.     17  sch.  759  scholars.     Pop.  2,090. 

Cambria,  t.,  Cambria  co.,  Pa.  The  surface 
is  hilly  ;  soil,  clay  and  sand.  Drained  by  Black 
Lick  cr.  and  the  n.  branch  of  Little  Connemaugh 
r.  Ebensburg  b.,  in  this  t.,  is  the  capital  of  the 
co.  It  has  a  commanding  situation  on  the  Alle- 
ghany mountains,  and  contains  3  churches — 1 
Baptist,  1  Congregationalism  and  1  Roman  Catho- 
lic— and  about  40  dwellings.  The  t.  has  7  stores, 
cap.  $23,800  ;  1  tannery,  1  printing  office,  1  week- 
ly paper,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$4,830.    8  sch.  320  scholars.     Pop.  1,156. 

Cambria,  p-o.,  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich. 

Cambridge,  p-t.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  63  nr.  Au- 
gusta, 653  W.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $500 ;  2  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,000.  5  sch. 
198  scholars.    Pop.  461. 

Cambridge,  p-t.,  Lamoille  co.,  Vt.,  48  n.  w. 
Montpelier.  The  Lamoille  r.  runs  through  this  t., 
and,  with  its  branches,  furnishes  some  mill  seats. 
The  interval  land  on  the  r.  is  fertile ;  the  surface, 
generally,  is  rough,  but  suited  to  grazing.  First 
settled  in  1783.  It  has  8  stores,  cap.  $15,500  ;  2 
fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $3,150.  17  sch.  530  scholars.  Pop. 
1,790. 

Cambridge,  p-t.,  semi-capital  of  Middlesex  co., 
Ms.,  3  n.  w.  Boston,  437  W.  In  42°  22'  n.  lat., 
and  71°  7'  38"  w.  Ion.  This  is  one  of  the  early 
towns  in  New  England,  having  been  first  settled 
in  1631,  under  the  name  of  Newtown.  It  is 
the  seat  of  Harvard  University,  formerly  called 
Harvard  College,  the  oldest  college  in  the  United 
States,  having  been  founded  in  1633,  which  was 
less  than  20  years  after  the  first  landing  of  the 
Pilgrims  at  Plymouth.  Cambridge  contains  a 
court  house  and  jail,  state  arsenal,  and  5  churches 
— 2  Unitarian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Uni- 
versalist.  The  courts  are  alternately  held  here 
and  at  Concord.  The  court  house  and  jail  are  at 
E.  Cambridge,  at  Lechmere's  Point,  a  village  at 
the  s.  E.  extremity  of  the  town,  which  is  con- 
nected with  Boston  and  Charlestown  by  bridges. 
Here  is  a  large  glass  manufactory. 

Harvard  University  has  a  president  and  27  pro- 
fessors, or  other  instructors ;  has  had  5,546  alum- 
ni, of  whom  1,406  have  been  ministers  of  the  gos- 
pel ;  has  246  classical  students,  and  53,000  vol- 
umes in  its  libraries.  The  commencement  is  on 
the  4th  Wednesday  in  August.  The  philosophi- 
cal and  chemical  apparatus  are  very  complete, 
as  well  as  its  cabinet  of  minerals.  It  has  an  ex- 
cellent anatomical  museum  and  a  botanical  gar- 
den, of  eight  acres,  richly  stored  with  an  extensive 
collection  of  trees,  shrubs,  and  plants,  both  native 
and  foreign.  The  University  buildings  are  ex- 
tensive and  commodious,  situated  on  a  beautiful 
plain,  where  is  a  neat  village.  The  irregularity 
in  the  position  of  the  edifices,  renders  them  less 
imposing  in  their  appearance  than  they  otherwise 
would  be,  but  not  less  adapted  to  their  purposes. 
They  are  University  Hall,  an  elegant  granite 
building,  140  by  50  feet,  and  42  feet  high,  con- 
taining  the  chapel,  dining   halls,  and  lecture 


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rooms;  Harvard  Hall,  containing  the  library, 
philosophical  apparatus,  museum,  &c .;  4  spacious 
brick  edifices,  containing  rooms  for  students,  and 
several  other  buildings  for  the  accommodation  ot 
the  president,  professors,  and  students ;  Divinity 
Half  for  the  accommodation  of  the  theological 
students  ;  and  the  Medical  College,  in  Boston, 
a  Law  School,  a  Theological  Seminary,  and  a 
Medical  School,  are  attached  to  the  institution, 
the  last  of  which  is  located  in  Boston.  The  Law 
School  has  115,  the  Theological  26  and  the 
Medical  86  students.  The  whole  number  of  stu- 
dents attached  to  the  institution,  including  resi- 
dent graduates,  is  478.  This  institution  is  more 
richly  endowed  than  any  other  similar  institution 
in  the  United  States.  There  are  in  the  town  1 
commercial  and  1  commission  house,  cap.  $40,OUU; 
27  stores,  cap.  $93,950;  8  lumber  yards,  capital 
$85,000 ;  3  rope  fac,  2  printing  offices,  1  bindery, 
5  periodicals,  1  university,  341  students,  2  acad. 
45  students,  16  sch.  2,455  scholars.  Pop.  8,409. 
Cambridge,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  N.  \ .,  34  n. 
by  e.  Albany,  404  W.  The  surface  is  mostly 
level,  and  the  soil  gravelly  loam.  Watered  by 
Hoosic  river  and  its  tributaries.  The  village 
contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Associate  Reform 
ed  church,  100  dwellings,  and  about  700  inhabi- 
tants. It  has  4  stores,  and  several  mills  and  man- 
ufactories. The  t.  has  2  stores,  cap.  $5,000 ;  2 
tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$900.     13  sch.  297  scholars.     Pop.  2,005. 

Cambridge,  t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H.  Situated  on 
the  Androscoggin  r.  The  surface  is  uneven  and 
rough.  Chartered  in  1773.  It  has  only  5  in- 
habitants. 

Cambridge,  p-v.,  capital  of  Dorchester  county, 
Md.,  61  s.  e.  Annapolis,  101  W.  Situated  on  the 
s.  side  of  Choptank  r.,  which  is  here  2  miles 
wide,  12  miles  from  the  Chesapeake  bay.  It 
contains  a  court  house  and  jail,  an  academy,  and 
2  churches — 1  Methodist  and  1  Episcopal. 

Cambridge,  p-t.,  Lenawee  co.,Mich.,  66  s.  w. 
Detroit,  526  W.  It  has  2  com.  houses,  cap. 
$6,000 ;  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,500.  4 
sch.  114  scholars.    Pop.  644. 

Cambridge,  p-t.,  capital  of  Guernsey  co.,  O., 
77  E.  Columbus,  316  W.  The  village  is  plea- 
santly situated  on  the  E.  side  of  Wills  cr.,  on  the 
national  road,  and  contains  a  court  house  and 
other  public  buildings,  130  dwellings,  and  about 
700  inhabitants.  It  has  1  acad.  25  students,  9 
schools,  329  scholars.      Pop.  1,845. 

Cambridge,  p-v.,  Abbeville  dist.,  S.  C,  79  w. 
by  n.  Columbia,  525  W. 

Cambridge,  p-v.,  Wayne  co.,  la.,  52  e.  Indian- 
apolis, 519  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  the 
West  branch  of  Whitewater  r.,  and  on  the  na- 
tional road. 

Cambridge,  p-v.,  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  84  s.  by  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  867  W. 

Cambridgeport,  p-o.,  Windham  county,  Vt., 
101  s.  Montpelier,  448  W. 

Cambridgeport,  p-v.,  Cambridge  t,  Middle- 
sex county,  Ms.,  2  w.  Boston,  438  W.  Here  is 
a  neat  ana  pleasant  village,  containing  a  Unita- 
rian and  a  Baptist  church,  and  considerable  com- 
merce and  manufactures. 

Camden,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  228  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  low  and  marshy.  It  has  Pasquotank 
r.  on  its  s.  w.  border.  Capital,  Camden  C.  H. 
or  Jonesburg.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
4,149,  sheep  2,672,  swine  12,562 ;  wheat  2,739 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  285,574,  oats  9,480,  po- 
tatoes 15,455,  cotton  6,792  pounds  ;  21  stores,  cap. 
$48,200 ;  5  distilleries,  18  grist  m.,  5  saw  in.,  1 
acad.  70  students,  6  sch.  169  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 1 


6  721 ;  1840,  whites  3,844,  slaves  1,661,  free  col'd 
158;  total,  5,663. 

Camden,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  s.  E. 
part  of  the  state,  with  the  Atlantic  on  the  e.,  from 
which  it  is  separated  by  Cumberland  island, 
which  stretches  along  almost  its  entire  border. 
It  contains  about  700  sq.  ms.  St.  Mary's  river 
curves  along  its  s.  border,  and  has  a  depth  of 
water  sufficient  for  the  largest  vessels.  The 
Santilla  r.passes  through  the  co.  Capital,  Jeffer- 
sonton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  17,093, 
sheep  1,453,  swine  7,207 ;  Ind.  corn  63,565  bush, 
produced,  potatoes  53,575,  rice  1,006,440  pounds, 
silk  cocoons  120,  cotton  2,032,740,  sugar  20,450; 
15  stores,  cap.  $112,500  ;  5  tanneries,  4  grist  m., 
4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $101,290.  1  acad. 
90  students,  11  sch.  138  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 
4,578;  1840,  whites  2,004,  slaves  4,049,  free 
col'd  22  ;  total,  6,075. 

Camden,  p-t.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  42  e.  s.  e.  Au- 
gusta, 10  n.  Thomaston,  632  W.  It  is  pleasantly 
situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Penobscot  Bay,  and 
has  a  good  harbor.  It  has  considerable  naviga- 
tion employed  in  the  coasting  trade  and  the  fish- 
eries. Ship  building  is  carried  on,  and  the  man- 
ufacture of  lime,  which  is  extensively  exported. 
It  has  41  stores,  cap.  $100,000 ;  2  tanneries,  1  print- 
ing office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  5  grist  m.,  4 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $105,600.  1  acad. 
100  students,  17 sch.  1,169  scholars.  Pop.  3,005. 
Camden,  p-t.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  128  n.  w.  Al- 
bany, 397  W.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  the 
soil  a  fertile  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Fish  cr. 
and  its  tributaries.  The  v.  is  on  the  w.  branch 
of  Fish  cr.  Incorporated  in  1834.  It  has  a  town 
house,  3  churches,  100  dwell  .ngs,  and  about  700 
inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.,  5  stores,  cap. 
$46,500 ;  1  furnace,  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
5  tanneries,  6  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $33,750.  1  acad.  60  students,  14  sch. 
720  scholars.    Pop.  2,331. 

Camden,  city,  p-b.,  and  port  of  entry,  Glouces- 
ter co.,  N.  J.,  29  s.  s.  w.  Trenton,  139  W.  It  is 
situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Delaware  river,  opposite 
to  Philadelphia.  The  city  consists  of  three  parts, 
a  central  or  principal  part,  and  a  northern  and 
southern  village  or  suburb,  from  each  of  which 
is  a  ferry  to  Philadelphia.  The  ship  channel  is 
on  the  Philadelphia  side,  but  ships  of  the  largest 
class  come  up  to  the  lower  village,  and  vessels 
of  150  tons  to  the  central  parts  of  Camden,  at  high 
tide.  Camden  has  6  churches— 1  Baptist,  1  Epis- 
copal, 2  Methodist,  and  2  Friends— an  academy, 
a  bank,  400  dwellings,  and  70  or  80  buildings  oc- 
cupied in  manufactures,  and  considerable  com- 
merce. It  has  several  public  gardens.  The 
Camden  and  Amboy  railroad,  leading  from  New 
York  city,  terminates  here.  A  railroad  also  pro- 
ceeds s.'to  Woodbury.  There  were  in  1840,  13 
stores,  cap.  $28,400 ;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $18,000 ; 
1  turpentine  factory,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  3  print- 
ing offices,  3  weekly  newspapers,  1  periodical. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $224,050.  3  acad.  240  students, 
3  schools,  15  scholars.     Pop.  3,371. 

Camden,  p-v.,  Kent  co.,  Del.,  3  s.  Dover,  121 
W.  It  is  situated  on  the  s.  branch  of  Jones'  cr., 
and  contains  20  or  30  dwellings. 

Camden,  p-v.,  Somers  t.,  Preble  co.,  O.,  102 
w.  s.  w.  Columbus,  495  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
bank  of  Seven  Mile  cr.,  near  the  mouth  of  Paint 
cr.  It  contains  2  churches,  9  or  10  stores,  and 
about  60  dwellings. 

Camden,  p-t.,  Hillsdale,  co.,  Mich.,  120  s.  e. 
Detroit,  537  W.    Pop.  174. 

Camden,  p-v.,  Shelby  co.,  Ky.,  31  w.  Frank- 
fort, 573  W. 
Camden,  p-v.,  capital  of  Benton  co.,  Tenn., 


CAM 


99 


CAM 


79  w.  Nashville,  763  W.,  9  w.  Tennessee  r., 
contains  a  court  house  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Camden,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  la.,  74  n.  Indianapo- 
lis, 632  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of  Passian- 
ong  cr. 

Camden,  p-v.,  Madison  co.,  Miss.,  3d  n.  by  e. 
Jackson,  1,007  W.  Situated  on  a  small  creek 
flowing  into  Big  Black  r. 

Camden,  p-v.,  capital  of  Kershaw  dist.,  S.  C, 
33  n.  e.  Columbia,  473  W.  It  is  situated  on  the 
e.  bank  of  Wateree  river,  wliich  is  crossed  H 
miles  s.  w.  of  the  village  by  a  bridge,  which 
cost  $20,000.  Flat-boats  of  70  tons  come  to  the 
place.  Camden  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  an 
academy,  a  masonic  hall,  a  brick  market-house, 
a  library,  an  arsenal,  4  churches,  some  of  which 
are  elegant — 1  Episcopal,  1  Presbyterian,  1  Bap- 
tist, and  1  Methodist.  It  has  a  bank,  about  40 
stores,  200  dwellings,  and  1,000  inhabitants. 
One  mile  E.  by  s.  of  the  place,  are  the  De  Kalb 
mills,  and  a  cotton  fee  with  1,200  sp.,  24  looms, 
and  which  employs  60  hands.  The  soil  around 
Camden  is  fertile,  yielding  good  crops  of  cotton 
and  com,  but  liable  to  be  overflowed.  In  a  good 
season,  peaches  and  apples  are  sold  at  from  12* 
to  25  cents  a  bushel,  and  fine  melons  equally 
cheap.  Two  celebrated  battles  were  fought 
here  during  the  revolution,  one  August  16th,  1780, 
between  Gen.  Gates  and  Lord  Cornwallis,  and 
another,  April  23d,  1781,  between  Gen.  Greene 
and  Lord  Rawdon.  At  the  end  of  De  Kalb-street, 
opposite  the  Presbyterian  church,  is  a  fine,  white 
marble  monument,  erected  to  the  memory  of 
Baron  De  Kalb,  of  revolutionary  celebrity,  the 
corner-stone  of  which  was  laid  by  the  venerable 
Lafayette,  in  1825.  Two  miles  w.  of  Camden  is  a 
large  Indian  mound,  supposed  to  mark  the  site 
of  an  ancient  town  of  the  Catawbas. 

Camden,  p-o.,  Camden  co.,  Ga. 

Camden,  p-v.,  Schuyler  co.,  111.,  72  w.  n.  w. 
Springfield,  850  W. 

Camden,  p-v.,  Ray  co.,  Mo.,  149  w.  n.  w.  Jef- 
ferson city,  1,052  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of 
the  Missouri  r.,  340  from  St.  Louis,  by  the  course 
of  the  r. 

Camden,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Camden  co., 
N.  C,  219  e.  n.  e.  Raleigh,  287  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  Pasquotank  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Camden,  t.,  Lorain  co.,  O.  It  has  4  sch.  115 
scholars.    Pop.  504. 

Camden  Point,  p-o.,  Platte  co.,  Mo. 

Camel's  Rump,  one  of  the  highest  peaks  of  the 
Green  Mountains,  Vt.,  situated  on  the  e.  border 
of  Huntington  t.,  4,188  feet  above  tide  water,  17 
w.  Montpelier,  20  s.  e.  Burlington.  The  view 
from  the  top  of  it  is  extensive,  beautiful,  romantic, 
and  grand. 

Cameron,  p-t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  7  s.  Bath, 
225  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  304  W.  The  surface  is 
hilly,  and  the  soil,  a  fertile  calcareous  loam  and 
clay.  Watered  by  Canisteo  r.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $7,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  7 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,195.  12  sch.  542 
scholars.    Pop.  1,359. 

Camerons  Mills,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C,  45 
N.  w.,  Raleigh,  262  W. 

Camillus,  p-t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N.  Y.,  7  w. 
Syracuse,  139  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  347  W.  The 
surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  calcareous  loam.  Drain- 
ed by  Nine  Mile  cr.  The  Erie  canal  passes 
through  the  t.  It  contains  a  Presbyterian  and  a 
Methodist  church.  Gypsum  is  found  here.  It 
has  12  stores,  cap.  $65,900 ;  2  tanneries,  2  flour- 
ing m.,  1  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$69,427 ;  15  sch.  924  scholars.     Pop.  3,957. 

Campbell,  county,  Va.,  in  the  s.  part  of  the 


state,  lies  between  James  r.  on  the  n.,  and  Staun- 
ton r.  on  the  s.,  and  contain*  576  iq.  ins.  The 
surface  is  rough  and  the  soil  productive,  adapted 
both  to  grain  and  to  grazing,  and  producing  also 
tobacco  and  fruits.  The  rivers  by  which  it  is 
bordered  are  both  navigable  for  boats,  giving  it  a 
ready  access  to  Chesapeake  bay  and  Albemarle 
sound.  Capital,  Lynchburg.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  10,810,  sheep  13,858,  swine 
20,991 ;  wheat  177,949  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
481,960,  oats  227.539,  potatoes  22,622,  hemp  and 
flax  163  tons,  tobacco  3,257,193  pounds,  cotton 
4,231 ;  3  commission  houses  in  lor.  trade,  cap. 
$102,000;  94  stores,  cap.  $1,587,636;   1  furnace, 

1  cotton  fac.  1,500  sp.,  9  tanneries,  15  distilleries, 
1 1  flouring  m.,  34  grist  m.,  38  saw  m.,  2  printing 
offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
1398,091.  5  acad.  195  students,  20  sch.  389 
scholars.  Pop.  1830,  20,330  ;  1840,  whites  10,213, 
slaves  10,045,  free  col'd  772;  total,  21,030. 

Campbell,  county,  Ga.,  in  the  n.  w.  part  of 
the  state,  lies  on  both  sides  of  Chattahoochee  r., 
and  contains  300  sq.  miles.  Surface  undulating, 
soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Campbellton.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,164,  sheep  3,103,  swine 
15,779 ;  wheat  37,201  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
231,475,  oats  18,194,  potatoes  3,864,  tobacco 
7,436  pounds,  cotton  895,737;  12  stores,  cap. 
$14,200 ;  3  tanneries,  14  distilleries,  13  grist  m., 
8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,787.  19  sch.  462 
scholars.  Pop.  1830,  3,323;  1840,  whites  4,526, 
slaves  842,  free  col'd  2 ;  total,  5,370. 

Campbell,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  125 
w.  s.  w.  Richmond,  203  W. 

Campbell,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  n. 
e.  part  of  the  state  ;  has  the  Tennessee  r.  passing 
through  its  s.  e.  part.  It  contains  672  sq.  ms. 
The  Cumberland  mountains  pass  through  it; 
and  on  its  n.  w.  side,  the  streams  are  discharged 
into  Cumberland  r.  Capital,  Jacksborough.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,863,  sheep  4,954,  swine 
22,803 ;  wheat  14,240  bush,  produced,  rye  1,951, 
I.  corn  199,758,  oats  43,270,  potatoes  6,154,  cotton 
1,784  pounds,  sugar  5,715 ;  10  stores,  cap.  $33,500; 
5  forges,  5  tanneries,  19  distilleries,  1  powder  m., 
37  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $21,681. 

2  sch.  56  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 5,1 10 ;  1840,  whites 
5,831,  slaves  264,  free  col'd  54;  total  6,149. 

Campbell,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  on  the  Ohio  r.  Licking  r.  pass- 
es w.  of  it,  and  enters  the  Ohio  nearly  opposite 
to  Cincinnati.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  the 
soil  fertile.  Capital,  Newport.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  2,446,  sheep  4,071,  swine  5,589 ; 
wheat  27,702  bush,  produced,  rye  1,110,  Ind.  corn 
112,147,  oats  19,167,  potatoes  15,371,  tobacco 
23,010  pounds ;  3  stores,  cap.  $6,100.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $7,065.  8  sch.  186  scholars.  Pop.  1840, 
whites  4,921,  slaves  289,  free  col'd  4 ;  total,  5,214. 

Campbell,  t.,  Warwick  co.,  la.  It  has  4  sch. 
125  scholars.    Pop.  959. 

Campbell,  p-o.,  Lawrence  co.,  O. 

Campbell  Creek,  p-o.,  Bath  t.,  Steuben  co., 
N.  Y.,  224  w.  by  s.  Albany,  304  W. 

Campbell,  t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  s.  e.  Bath, 
209  w.  s.  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
the  soil  clay  and  marly  loam.  Watered  by  Con- 
hocton  r.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,000;  2  fulling 
m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $3,775.    4  sch.  237  scholars.    Pop.  852. 

Campbell's  Bridge,  p-o.,  Marion  dist.,  S.  C, 
139  e.  by  N.  Columbia,  441  W. 

Campbellsburg,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  31  N. 
w.  Frankfort,  573  W. 

Campbell's  Port,  p-o.,  Portage  co.,  O. 

Campbell's  Station,  p-o.,  Knox  co.,  Tenn, 
168  E.  Nashville,  513  W. 


CAN 


100 


CAN 


Campbell's  Store,  rJ-etTenn:,^, 


Campbellsville,  P-v. 
by  w.Nashville,  /  31  W. 

Campbellsville,  p-v.,  Greene  co.,  Ky.,  77  s. 
s.  w.  Frankfort,  599  W.  . 

Campbellton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Campbell  co., 
Ga  102  n.  w.  Milledgeville,  699  W.  It  lies  on 
both  sides  of  the  Chattahoochee  nver,  and  con- 
tains 25  houses. 
Campbelltown,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  *  lor. 
Campbelltown,  p-o,  Campbell  t ,  Steuben 
co,  N.  Y,  223  w.  by  s.  Albany,  288  W. 

Campbelltown,  p-v,  Lebanon  co,  fa,  id  e. 
Harrisburg,  125  W. 
Camp  Branch,  t,  Warren  co.  Mo     Pop.  527. 
Camp  Call,  p-o,  Cleveland  co,  N.  C. 
Camp  Creek,  p-o.  Green  co,  Tenn,  264  e. 
Nashville,  440  W. 

Camp  Creek,  p-o,  Livingston  co,  Ky,  x54U  w. 
s.  w.  Frankfort,  767  W. 

Camp  Creek,  t..  Pike  co,  O.    It  has  lsawm. 
Cap.  in  manuf.  $80.  6  sch.  181  scholars    Pop  298 
Camp  Creek,  p-o,  Hancock  co.  111,  113  N. 
w.Springfield,  874  W. 

Camp  Ground,  p-o,  Appling  co,  Ga,  lbd  s. 
s.  e.  Milledgeville,  774  W. 

Camp  Ridge,  p-o,  Williamsburg  dist,  o.  C, 
114  s.  e.  Columbia,  492  W.  .    ,  _ 

Camp  Spring,  p-o,  Lawrence  co,  Ala,  93  n. 
by  E.  Tuscaloosa,  778  W. 

Campton,  p-t,  Grafton  co,  N.  H,  47  N.  by  w. 
Concord,  528  W.  The  surface  is  uneven,  with 
some  mountains,  and  rocky  ledges.  Watered  by 
Pemigewasset  r.  and  its  branches.  The  soil  in 
the  valleys  is  good.  The  natural  growth  is  white 
oak  and  pitch  pine,  in  the  s.  part.  Chartered  in 
1767.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $10,500  ;  2  fulling  m, 
2  tanneries,  2  grist  m,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $19,405.     14  sch.  486  scholars.     Pop.  1,513. 

Camptown,  p-v.  Orange  t,  Essex  co,  N.  J, 
3i  s.  w.  Newark,  52  n.  e.  Trenton,  218  W.  It 
has  1  church,  free  to  all  denominations,  built  of 
stone,  3  stories  high,  the  lower  story  occupied  as 
an  academy,  the  second  as 'a  church,  and  the 
third  as  a  masonic  hall,  1  Presbyterian  church,  3 
stores,  and  75  dwellings,  somewhat  scattered. 
Elizabeth  r.  affords  water  power,  on  which  is  1 
saw  m.  and  1  grist  m.  The  American  army 
camped  here  in  the  revolutionary  war,  whence  it 
derives  its  name. 
Camptown,  p-o,  Bradford  co.  Pa. 
Campville,  p-o,  Owego  t,  Tioga  co,  N.  Y, 
154  s.  w.  Albany,  282  W. 

Campville,  p-o.  Coles  co.  111,  103  e.  s.  e. 
Springfield,  695  W. 

Canaan,  p-t,  Somerset  co.  Me,  13  e.  Nor- 
ridgewock,  36  n.  by  e.  Augusta,  631  W.  It  lies 
on  the  e.  side  of  Kennebec  r,  and  is  a  good  farm- 
ing town.  Incorporated  in  1788.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $7,500 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m,  1  saw  m,  11 
sen.  555  scholars.     Pop.  1,379. 

Canaan,  p-t,  Grafton  co,  N.  H,  41  n.  w. 
Concord,  496  W.  Drained  by  Mascomy  r.  and 
its  tributaries.  The  soil  is  tolerably  fertile. 
Chartered  in  1761.  First  settled  in  1766.  It  has 
several  ponds,  one  of  which,  on  high  ground,  is 
curiously  surrounded  by  a  mound  of  earth,  appa- 
rently thrown  up  by  the  motion  of  the  ice,  on  its 
breaking  up  in  the  spring.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$14,500 ;  2  fulling  m,  2  woollen  fac,  1  tannery, 
6  grist  m,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $43,800 
1  acad.  144  students,  16  sch.  377  scholars.  Pop. 
1,576. 

Canaan,  p-t,  Essex  co,  Vt,  31  n.  Guildhall, 
106  n.  e.  Montpelier,  603  W.  Situated  in  the 
extreme  n.  e.  part  of  the  state,  on  Connecticut  r. 
Chartered  in  1782,  settled  in  1785.    The  surface 


is  rough,  and  the  soil  cold.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$3,500 ;  1  tannery.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $300.  5 
sch.  108  scholars.    Pop.  378. 

Canaan,  p-t,  Litchfield  co,  Ct,  42  N.  w.  Hart- 
ford, 18  N.  N.  w.  Litchfield,  343  W.  It  lies  on 
the  'e.  side  of  Housatonic  r,  which  has  between 
this  place  and  Salisbury  a  perpendicular  fall  of 
60  feet,  forming,  when  the  r.  is  full,  a  grand  spec- 
tacle, and  affording  extensive  water  power. 
Limestone  is  extensive,  and  the  lime  is  superior, 
and  is  extensively  exported.  The  s.  E.  part  of 
the  t.  is  mountainous,  while  other  parts  are  level. 
The  soil  along  the  streams  is  fertile.  Watered 
by  Blackberry  r.  and  Hollenbeck  r,  both  of 
which  supply  mill  seats.  Iron  has  been  expen- 
sively manufactured  and  wrought  here  ;  but  the 
ore  is  brought  from  the  w.  part  of  Salisbury,  on 
the  border  of  the  state  of  New  York.  It  has  8 
furnaces  ;  10  stores,  cap.  $21,400  ;  3  fulling  m, 
2  woollen  fac,  3  tanneries,  3  grist  m,  10  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $61,925.  1  acad.  20  students, 
14  sch.  584  scholars.     Pop.  2,166. 

Canaan,  p-t,  Columbia  co,  N.  Y,  20  n.  e. 
Hudson,  24  s.  e.  Albany,  362  W.  It  has  con- 
siderable hills,  with  fertile  intervening  valleys-. 
Bog  iron  ore  and  limestone  are  found.  Watered 
by  tributaries  to  Kinderhook  cr.  The  railroads 
from  W.  Stockbridge  to  Hudson,  and  from  W. 
Stockbridge  to  Albany,  pass  through  the  t.  It 
has  4  stores,  cap.  $10,000;  2  fulling  m,  3  wool- 
len fac,  2  cotton  fac.  263  sp,  1  tannery,  4  grist 
m,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $31,800.  1  acad. 
23  students,  8  sch.  685  scholars.     Pop.  1,957. 

Canaan,  p-t,  Wayne  co.  Pa,  159  n.  e  Har- 
risburg, 253  W.  Drained  by  branches  of  Lacka- 
waxen  cr.  Carbondale  and  Honesdale  railroad 
passes  through  it.  The  surface  is  partly  moun- 
tainous and  partly  level ;  the  soil,  gravel  and 
loam.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $11,000;  11  sch.  548 
scholars.     Pop.  1,462.  ^    ,n„  „  , 

Canaan,  p-t,  Wayne  co,  O,  107  n.  e.  Colum- 
bus, 350  W.  t     ni 

Canaan,  p-v,  Jefferson  co,  la,  84  s.  s.  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 560  W.  /!,v_vj 

Canaan  Centre,  p-v,  Canaan  t,  Columbia 
co,  N.  Y,  26  s.  e.  Albany,  364  W.  It  has  a 
church,  a  store,  and  a  flourishing  academy. 

Canaan  Four  Corners,  p-y,  Canaan  t,  Co- 
lumbia co,  N.  Y,  25  s.  w.  Albany,  363  W.  It 
is  an  agricultural  settlement,  with  a  church,  store, 
and  12  or  15  dwellings. 

Canaan,  t,  Hillsdale  co,  Mich.    Pop.  164. 
Canaan,  t,  Wayne  co,  O.     Pop.  1,827. 
Canaan,  t,  Madison  co,  O.     It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $1,350;  1  fulling  m,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m,  3 
saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,175.    8  sch.  315 
scholars.     Pop.  607. 

Canaan,  t,  Marion  co,  O.  It  has  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $45.  5  sch.  200  scholars.  Pop. 
1,027. 

Canaan,  t,  Athens  co,  O.  It  is  situated  on 
the  Hockhocking  r,  and  contains  salt-works,  and 
various  mills.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $2,000 ;  1 
grist  m,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,250.  4 
sch.  76  scholars.     Pop.  800. 

Canaanville,  p-o,  Athens  co,  O,  80  s.  E. 
Columbus,  341  W. 

Canada  Creek,  the  w.  and  largest  branch  of 
Mohawk  r,  60  miles  long.  It  has  several  rapids 
and  cascades  which  afford  interesting  views. 

Can adaiga,  p-o,  Otsego  co,  N.  Y,  68  w.  Al- 
bany, 372  W. 

Canadice,  p-t,  Ontario  co,  N.  Y,  18  s.  w. 
Canandaigua,  218  w.  Albany,  334  W.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly ;  soil,  clay  loam  and  sand,  some  of 
which  is  fertile.  It  has  several  ponds  or  lakes, 
one  of  which  is  3  miles  long,  and  half  a  mile 


CAN 


101 


CAN 


wide.  It  has  3  saw  ra.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,300. 
11  sch.  611  scholars.    Pop.  1,341. 

Canajoharie,  p-t.,  Montgomery  co.,  N.  Y.,  50 
w.  n.  w.  Albany,  395  W.  The  surface  is  hilly 
and  the  soil  fertile.  Drained  by  Bowman's  and 
Otsquake  creeks,  which  flow  into  the  Mohawk. 
The  v.  is  situated  on  the  s.  side  of  Mohawk  r. 
Incorporated  in  1829.  It  has  4  churches— 1  Pres- 
byterian, 1  Dutch  Reformed,  1  Lutheran,  and  1 
Methodist — an  academy,  10  stores,  2  grist  m.,  2 
distilleries,  1  brewery,  1  furnace,  2  saw  m.  It 
furnishes  fine  stone  for  building  and  for  the  con- 
struction of  locks  in  the  Erie  canal.  The  Erie 
canal  passes  through  the  centre  of  the  v.  The 
Catskill  and  Canajoharie  railroad  will  terminate 
here.  There  are  in  the  t.,  1 1  stores,  cap.  $41,000 ; 
2  furnaces,  2  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  2  distilleries, 
4  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $59,239.  2 
acad.  265  stud.,  28  sch.  1,655  schol.     Pop.  5,146. 

Canal,  p-o.,  Van  Buren  t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N. 
Y.,  147  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  354  W. 

Canal,  p-t.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  218  n.  w.  Har- 
risburg,  292  W.  It  has  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fee,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$10,050.     3  sch.  65  scholars.     Pop.  867. 

Canal  Dover,  p-o,  Dover  t.,  Tuscarawas  co., 
O.,  116  n.  e.  Columbus,  316  W. 

Canal  Port,  p-o.,  Allen  co.,  la. 

Canal  Fulton,  p-v.,  Lawrence  t.,  Tuscarawas 
co.,  O.,  125  n.  e.  Columbus,  330  W.  Situated  on 
the  E.  side  of  Tuscarawas  r.  and  on  the  Ohio  ca- 
nal. It  contains  6  warehouses,  6  stores,  1  steam 
saw  m.,  1  tannery,  1  brewery,  70  dwellings  and 
about  400  inhabitants. 

Canal  Winchester,  p-o.,  Fairfield  co.,  O. 

Canandaigua,  p-t.,  capital  of  Ontario  co.,  N. 
Y.,  195  w.  by  n.  Albany,  341  W.  The  surface 
consists  of  gentle  hills  and  beautiful  plains,  and 
the  soil  is  fertile.  The  v.  is  delightfully  situated 
at  the  n.  end  of  Canandaigua  lake.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  and  other  county  buildings,  a 
town  hall,  4  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episco- 
pal, 1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  1  African— 2  bank- 
ing houses,  and  a  bank  for  savings,  an  academy, 
and  a  female  seminary,  which  are  flourishing,  25 
stores,  2  printing  offices,  1  steam  flouring  m.,  and 

1  saw  m. ;  350  dwellings  and  about  2,790  inhab- 
itants. The  village  is  built  with  neatness  and 
taste,  and  presents  many  desirable  situations.  It 
is  surrounded  by  a  rich  agricultural  country, 
was  incorporated  in  1815,  and  is  one  of  the  most 
pleasant  places  in  western  New  York.  The  t.  has 
26  stores,  cap.  $112,300  ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery, 

2  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  2  weekly  papers,  2 
grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $59,200.  2 
acad.  500  students,  20  sch.  1,318  scholars.  Pop. 
5,692. 

Canandaigua  Lake,  is  14  miles  long,  and  from 
1  to  H  miles  wide,  and  with  its  highly  cultivated 
shores,  presents  many  fine  views.  The  water  is 
remarkably  clear,  and  abounds  with  excellent 
fish.  Its  outlet  flows  into  Flint  creek,  then  into 
Clyde  r.,  and  thence  into  Seneca  r.,  the  common 
outlet  of  a  cluster  of  lakes. 

Canandaigua,  v.,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  17  w. 
Adrian,  82  s.  w.  Detroit.  Situated  on  the  e.  side 
of  Bean  cr.  it  has  1  store,  and  a  flouring  mill. 

Canasauga,  p-v.,  Bradley  co.,  Tenn.,  174  s.  e. 
by  E.  Nashville,  586  W.  It  is  situated  near  Hi- 
wassee  r. 

Canastota,  p-v.,  Lenox  t.,  Madison  co.,  N.  Y., 
119  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  364  W.  Situated  on  the 
Erie  canal,  and  near  the  Syracuse  and  Utica  rail- 
road. It  contains  1  Dutch  Reformed  and  1  Meth- 
odist church,  8  stores  and  forwarding  houses,  120 
dwellings,  and  about  800  inhabitants.  Incorpo- 
rated, 1835. 


CANDiA.pt.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.,  18s.  k. 
Concord,  470  W.  Incorporated  in  1763.  The 
surface  is  elevated,  constituting,  in  its  w.  part, 
the  height  of  land  between  the  ocean  and  Merri- 
mac  r.  It  commands  an  extensive  view  of  the 
surrounding  country,  reaching  to  the  White  Hills 
in  the  n.  and  to  the  ocean.  The  soil  is  hard,  but 
fertile  and  well  cultivated.  It  has  5  stores,  <;ip. 
$6,300  ;  1  fulling  m.,  13  sch.  498  scholars.  Pop. 
1,430. 

Candor,  p-t.,  Tioga  co.,  N.  Y.,  8  n.  Owego, 
171  s.  w.  Albany,  2S5  W.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  the  soil  generally  a  fertile  loam.  Drained 
by  Cottotong,  and  West  Owego  creeks.  The  v. 
contains  3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal, 
and  1  Methodist — 3  stores,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m., 

1  clothier's  works,  45  dwellings,  and  about  300 
inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  town,  4  stores,  cap. 
$24,000;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fee,  2  tanneries, 

2  grist  m.,  54  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $51,273. 
1,141  scholars  in  schools.     Pop.  3,370. 

Candor,  p-v.,  Washington  county,  Pa.,  227  w. 
Harrisburg,  254  W.  It  has  2  sch.  100  scholars. 
Pop.  223. 

Caneadea,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  n. 
Angelica,  271  w.  by  s.  Albany,  347  W.  The 
Genesee  r.  flows  nearly  through  its  centre,  re- 
ceiving several  small  mill  streams.  Soil,  clay 
and  sandy  loam.  The  village  is  on  the  e.  side  of 
Genesee  r.  and  has  1  store,  1  saw  m.,  1  fulling  m., 
and  12  or  15  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.,  6 
stores,  cap.  $11,200  ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  10  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $16,150.  7  sch.  279  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,633. 

Cane  Creek,  p-o.,  Chatham  co.,  N.  C,  50  w- 
Raleigh,  324  W. 

Cane  Creek,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  75  s. 
Nashville,  720  W. 

Cane  Creek,  p-o.,  White  co.,  111.,  196  s.  E. 
Springfield,  766  W. 

Cane  Creek,  p-o.,  Benton  co.,  Ala.,  162  n.  e. 
by  E.  Tuscaloosa,  740  W. 

Cane  Creek,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  Mo.,  216  s.  E. 
Jefferson  city,  940  W. 

Cane  Hill,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Ark.,  192  n. 
w.  Little  Rock,  1,201  W. 

Cane  Spring,  p-o.,  Bullit  co.,  Ky.,  62  w.by  s. 
Frankfort,  606  W.    Pop.  923. 

Cany  Spring,  p-o.,  Marshall  co.,  Tenn.,  42  s. 
Nashville,  705  W. 

Canyville,  p-v.,  Grayson  co.,  Ky.,  173  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  661  W. 

Canfield,  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  164  n.  e.  by 
e.  Columbus,  14  s.  by  e.  Warren,  293  W.  The 
soil  is  productive.  It  has  10  sch.  460  scholars. 
Pop.  1,279. 

Canfield's  Corners,  p-o.,  Nichols  t.,  Tioga 
co.,  N.  Y.,  166  s.  w.  by  w.  Albany,  272  W. 

Canisteo,  p-t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  243  w.  s. 

w.  Albany,  14  s.  w.  Bath,  711  W.    The  surface 

is  broken ;  soil,  clay  and  calcareous  loam,  and 

adapted  to  grazing  and  to  grain.    The  hills  are 

covered  with  a  heavy  growth  of  pine.    Watered 

by  Canisteo  r.  and  its  tributaries.    On  the  streams 

are  rich  alluvial  flats.     It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $2,000 ; 

1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.   Cap. 

in  manufac.  $13,010.  8  sch.  316  scholars.  Pop.  941. 

Canisteo  r.,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Alleghany  co.,  and 

enters  Tioga  r.  in  Steuben  co.,  after  a  course  of 

50  ms.,  40  of  which  are  boatable. 

Cannonsburg,  p-o.,  Hancock  co.,  O. 

Cannon's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  51  s. 

Dover,  115  W. 

Cannonsville,  p-o.,  Tompkins  t.,  Delaware 
co.,  N.  Y.,  Ill  w.  by  s.  Albany,  307  W. 

Canoga,  p-v.,  Fayette  t.,  Seneca  co.,  N.  Y.,  173 
w.  Albany,  339  W.    It  is  situated  about  a  mile  w. 


CAN 


102 


CAN 


of  Cayuga  lake.  Near  it  is  a  spring,  which  dis- 
charges water  sufficient  to  turn  a  mill.  It  has  2 
churches,  3  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  clo- 
thier's works,  80  dwellings,  and  about  500  inhab- 
itants. 
Cannon,  county,  Tenn.,  situated  in  the  central 

Birt  of  the  state,  and  contains  about  100  sq.  me. 
rained  by  small  branches  of  Cumberland  river. 
Surface,  hilly  ;  soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Woodbury. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,188,  sheep  9,746, 
swine  28,989  ;  wheat  38,665  bush,  produced,  rye 
1,249,  Ind.  corn  419,828,  oats  56,800,  potatoes  9,1 15, 
tobacco  32,235  pounds,  cotton  29,201,  sugar  8,545  ; 
4  stores,  cap.  $15,050  ;  7  tanneries,  18  distilleries, 
1  flouring  m.,  19  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac.  $20,145.  1  acad.  25  students,  19  sch.  495 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,558,  slaves  618,  free  col'd 
17;  total,  7,193. 

Cannonsburg,  p-b.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  216 
w.  Harrisburg,  18  s.  w.  Pittsburg,  243  W.  Situ- 
ated on  Chartier's  cr.,  and  contains  about  700  in- 
habitants. The  place  is  supported  chiefly  by 
Jefferson  College,  located  here.  This  institution 
was  founded  in  1802.  It  has  a  president,  and  6 
professors  or  other  instructors,  224  alumni,  120 
students,  and  3,300  volumes  in  its  libraries.  The 
commencement  is  on  the  fourth  Wednesday  in 
September.  Its  course  is  completed  in  3  years. 
A  medical  department  is  attached  to  it,  located 
in  Philadelphia.  There  is  a  theological  school 
connected  with  the  institution,  under  the  care  of 
the  vice-president;  and  it  has  supplied  many 
clergymen  to  the  western  country.  It  has  17 
stores,  cap.  $17,500;  1  tannery.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $2,250.     Pop.  687. 

CannOx\'s  Store,  p-o.,  Spartanburg  dist.,  S. 
C,  121  n.  n.  w.  Columbia,  479  W. 

Cannouchee,  r.,  Ga.,  the  w.  and  largest  con- 
fluent of  Ogeechee  r.,  140  ms.  long,  navigable  50 
ms.  to  Cedar  cr. 

Canonicut,  island,  in  Narraganset  bay,  R.  I., 
is  7  miles  long  and  1  broad,  3  w.  Rhode  Island. 

Cantatoe,  p-o.,  Bedford  t.,  Westchester  co., 
N.  Y.,  125  s.  Albany,  273  W. 

Canterbury,  p-t.,  Merrimac  co.,  N.  H.,  8  n. 
Concord,  1 16  W.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  the 
soil  good.  It  has  several  ponds,  the  outlets  of 
which  furnish  mill  seats.  The  Merrimac  r.  forms 
its  w.  boundary,  over  which  are  2  bridges.  First 
settled  in  1727.  There  is  a  Shakers'  v.  in  the  s. 
E.  part.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $4,000 ;  1  fulling 
m.,  1  woollen  factory,  3  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1 
grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,473.  12 
sch.  575  scholars.    Pop.  1,643. 

Canterbury,  p-t.,  Windham  co.,  Ct.,  12  n. 
Norwich,  41  e.  Hartford,  368  W.  The  surface  is 
uneven,  and  the  soil  a  fertile  gravelly  loam.  First 
settled  in  1690.  In  the  central  parish  is  a  pleas- 
ant village,  in  the  middle  of  which  is  a  public 
square,  on  one  side  of  which  stands  a  neat  Con- 
gregational church.  Quinebaug  river  forms  its  e. 
boundary,  and  furnishes  a  good  shad  fishery,  in 
the  spring.  A  bridge  connects  it  with  Plainfield. 
It  has  1  fulling  mill,  2  woollen  fee,  1  cotton  fac. 
1,000  sp.,  2  tanneries,  6  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.,  16  oil 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $44,500.  12  sch.  538  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  1,791. 

Canterbury,  p-v.,  Cornwall  t.,  Orange  co.,  N. 
Y.,  89  s.  Albany,  289  W.  It  is  situated  1  m.  w. 
of  Cornwall  Landing,  on  the  Hudson  r.  It  con- 
tains 3  stores,  1  woollen  fee,  2  tanneries,  4  church- 
es—1  Presbyterian,  1  Methodist,  I  Orthodox 
Friends,  and  1  Hicksite  Friends— 60  dwellings, 
and  about  5D0  inhabitants. 

Canterbury,  p-v.,  Kent  co.,  Del.,  8  s.  by  w. 
Dover,  116W.  Situated  at  the  head  of  Mother 
Kill  creek. 


Canton,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  30  w.  n.  w.  Au- 
gusta, 602  W.    The 


n  river  passes 
through  it.  Incorporated  in  1821.  The  soil  is  good. 
It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $7,500 ;  8  sch.  370  scholars. 
Pop.  919. 

Canton,  p-t.,  Norfolk  co.,  Ms.,  16  s.  by  w.  Bos- 
ton, 426  W.  2  ponds  give  rise  to  2  branches  of 
Neponset  river,  which  affords  water  power.  In- 
corporated in  1797.  The  soil  is  indifferent,  but 
the  t.  has  considerable  manufactures.  The  Boston 
and  Providence  railroad  passes  through  the  town, 
and  has  an  expensive  granite  bridge,  or  viaduct, 
over  one  of  its  streams,  600  feet  long,  and  63  feet 
above  its  foundation,  supported  on  arches.  It  has 
9  stores,  cap.  $16,000 ;  3  furnaces,  5  forges,  2  wool- 
len fee,  4  cotton  fac.  1,868  sp.,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw 
m.,  1  acad.  16  students,  7  sch.  506  scholars.  Pop. 
1,995. 

Canton,  p-t.,  Hartford  co.,  Ct.,  13  n.  w.  by  w. 
Hartford,  339  W.  First  settled  in  1740,  incorpo- 
rated 1806.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  the  soil 
coarse  and  stony.  Farmington  r.  passes  through 
its  s.  w.  part.  It  has  some  manulactures,  partic- 
ularly of  axes.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $12,500 ;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  powder  m.,  3  sawm.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $323,900.  8  sch.  310  scholars.  Pop. 
1,736. 

Canton,  p-t.,  capital  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N. 
Y.,  223  n.  N.  w.  Albany,  495  W.  The  surface  is 
gently  undulating,  and  the  soil  a  fertile  clay  loam. 
Watered  by  Grass  r.  and  its  branches.  The  Os- 
wegatchie  enters  its  n.  w.  corner.  Marble  is 
found  here,  and  sulphate  of  iron,  from  which  cop- 
peras and  alum  are  extensively  manufactured. 
The  v.  is  on  Grass  r.,  and  contains  a  courthouse, 
jail,  and  clerk's  office,  3  churches — 1  Presbyte- 
rian, 1  Methodist,  and  1  Union — 1  acad.,  6  stores, 
1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  clothier's  works, 
1  furnace,  1  tannery,  and  a  marble  fee,  125  dwel- 
lings, and  about  800  inhabitants.  Here  is  a  fine 
bridge  across  Grass  r.  There  are  in  the  t.,  1  fur- 
nace, 8  stores,  cap.  $24,500  ;  3  fulling  m.,  3  tan- 
neries, 4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac. 
$24,515.  1  acad.  223  students,  22  sch.  854  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  3,465. 

Canton,  p-v.,  Salem  co.,  N.  J.,  69  s.  s.  w.  Tren- 
ton, 184  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  branch  of  Stow 
creek. 

Canton,  p-t.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  136  n.  Harris- 
burg, 246  W.  Surface  hilly  ;  soil,  gravelly  loam. 
Watered  by  Towanda  cr.  and  its  tributaries.  It 
has  2  stores,  cap.  3,500 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery, 
3  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,275. 
8  sch.  407  scholars.     Pop.  1,254. 

Canton,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.  The  surface 
is  slightly  undulating  ;  soil,  loam.  Coal  is  abun- 
dant. Drained  by  Chartiers  cr.  and  its  tributa- 
ries. Washington  b.  lies  partly  in  this  t.  It  has 
1  store,  cap.  $500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fee,  1 
tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  2  sawm.,  5  sch. 
230  scholars.    Pop.  1,132. 

Canton,  p-t.,  capital,  Stark  co.,  O.,  124  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 313  W.  The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated  in 
the  forks  of  Nimishillen  cr.,  which  unite  H  m.  be- 
low the  v.,  and  it  is  surrounded  by  a  fertile  coun- 
try. First  settled  in  1806.  It  has  a  court  house, 
jail,  3  brick  offices,  4  churches,  mostly  of  brick — 
1  Presbyterian,  1  Methodist,  1  German  Lutheran, 
and  1  Roman  Catholic— 18  or  20  stores,  1  acade- 
my, a  market  house,  a  bank,  a  library  company, 
a  mechanics'  society,  2  printing  offices,  and  near- 
ly 300  dwellings.  It  has  1,284  scholars  in  sch. 
Pop.  3,299. 

Canton,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  la.,  97  s.  Indian- 
apolis, 600  W. 

Canton,  p-v.,  Fulton  co.,  111.,  69  N.  n.  w.  Spring- 
field, 819  W.     It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the 


CAP 


103 


CAR 


border  of  a  large  prairie.     It  has  1  acad.  27  stu- 
dents, 3  sch.  78  scholars.     Pop.  762. 

Canton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Cherokee  co.,Ga.  Sit- 
uated on  the  n.  side  of  Etowah  r.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Canton,  p-v.,  Wilcox  county,  Ala.,  91  s.  by  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  883  W. 

Canton,  p-v.,  Trigg  co.,  Ky.,  9  s.  w.  Cadiz,  235 
s.  w.  by  w.  Frankfort,  762  W.  Situated  on  Cum- 
berland r.,  40  ms.  from  its  mouth.  It  is  the  cen- 
tre of  trade  for  the  surrounding  country,  and  be- 
ing on  navigable  waters,  it  does  their  shipping 
business.    Pop.  about  200. 

Canton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Madison  co.,  Miss.,  23 
n.  by  E.  Jackson,  993  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house  and  several  dwellings. 

Canton,  p-v.,  Lawrence  co.,  Ark.,  164  n.  n.  e. 
Little  Rock,  1,021  W. 

Canton,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  Mich.  Watered  by 
the  head  branches  of  the  south  branch  of  Rouge 
r.  It  has  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures,  $300. 
There  are  in  sch.  343  scholars.    Pop.  1,031. 

Canton  Centre,  p-v.,  Canton  t.,  Hartford  co., 
Ct. 

Cantonment  Gibson,  p-v.,  and  military  sta- 
tion, in  the  Indian  Ter.,  221  w.  n.  w.  Little  Rock, 
Ark.,  1,286  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  side  of  the 
Neosho  r.,  5  ms.  above  its  entrance  into  Red  r. 
Here  are  situated  strong  military  works  for  the 
protection  of  the  western  frontier. 

Cantwell's  Bridge,  p-v.,  New  Castle  co., 
Del.,  24  n.  by  w.  Dover,  133  W.  It  is  situated 
on  the  n.  side  of  Appoquinimink  cr.  It  contains 
several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Cape  Bridge,  p-o.,  Hampshire  co.,  Va. 

Cape  Island,  p-v..  Cape  May  co.,  N.  J.,  108  s. 
Trenton,  218  W.  It  is  situated  in  the  extreme  s. 
point  of  the  state,  on  the  shore  of  the  Atlantic, 
and  is  much  frequented  as  a  watering  place  from 
July  to  September.  Here  are  6  boarding  houses, 
some  of  them  large,  and  several  splendid  hotels. 
The  place  affords  great  facilities  for  sea  bathing, 
and  for  fishing. 

Cape  May,  N.  J.,  situated  on  the  n.  side  of  the 
entrance  into  Delaware  bay.  On  it  is  a  light-house. 
It  is  18  n.  Cape  Henlopen,  38°  57'  n.  lat.,  74° 
52'  w.  Ion. 

Cape  May,  county,  N.  J.  Situated  in  the  s. 
part  of  the  state.  The  soil  is  wholly  alluvial, 
and  the  surface  is  level.  Along  its  e.  coast  is  a 
sandbeach,  which,  from  half  a  mile  to  2  miles  in 
width,  is  covered  with  grass,  which  affords  pasture 
for  neat  cattle  and  sheep.  It  is  broken  by  several 
inlets  by  which  the  sea  penetrates  the  marshes 
and  forms  lagunes  or  salt-water  lakes.  Tucka- 
hoe  r.  runs  on  its  n.  border,  and  receives  some 
streams  from  the  co.  Capital,  Cape  May  C.  H. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,875,  sheep  5,778, 
swine  2,268  ;  wheat  8,692  bush,  prod.,  rye  7,573, 
Indian  corn  69,975,  buckwheat  882,  oats  24,404 
potatoes  14,394  ;  29  stores,  cap.  $47,400  ;  8  grist 
m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,700.  20  sch 
992  ssholars.     Pop.  1830,  4,936  \  1840,  5,324. 

Cape  May,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  Middle  t.,  Cape  May 
co.,  N.  J.,  93  s.  Trenton,  203  W.  It  has  a  court 
house,  a  stone  jail,  brick  fire-proof  offices,  a  Bap- 
tist church  of  brick,  and  10  or  12  dwellings. 

Cape  Cod,  Ms.,  in  42°  5'  n.  lat.,  70°  14'  w 
Ion.,  projects  from  the  shore  of  Massachusetts, 
and  is  curved  inward,  something  in  the  shape  of 
the  arm  of  a  man,  bent  inward  at  the  elbow  and 
the  wrist.  It  is  65  miles  long,  and  from  1  to  20 
broad,  and  contains  the  county  of  Barnstable 
Cape  Elizabeth,  t.,  Me.,  consists  chiefly  of 
a  peninsula,  6  s.  Portland.  Cape  Elizabeth,  in 
43°  33'  n.  lat.,  79°  11'  w.  long.,  is  the  s.  e.  point 
of  the  town.     Another  cape  in  the  E.  part  of  the 


t.,  at  the  entrance  of  Portland  harbor,  contains  a 
light-house.  It  has  9  sch.  670  scholars.  Pop.  1,666. 
Cape  Fear,  N.  C,  is  on  the  s.  point  of  Smith's 
Island,  in  33°  48'  n.  lat.  and  78°  9'  w.  Ion.,  near 
the  mouth  of  Cape  Fear  river. 

Capk  Ff.au,  river,  N.  C.  Its  n.  w.  branch  is 
formed  by  the  union  of  Deep  and  Haw  rivers; 
thence  flowing  101)  miles,  it  receives  the  n.  E. 
branch  of  Clarendon  r.,  above  Wilmington ;  and 
34  miles  below,  it  enters  (he  Atlantic  by  2  chan- 
nels, one  on  each  side  of  Smith's  Island.  It  af- 
fords the  best  navigation  of  any  river  in  the  state. 
By  means  of  embankments  the  channel  has  hem 
deepened,  and  steamboats  now  proceed  90  miles 
to  i  ayetteville  at  the  lowest  water. 

Cape  Girardeau,  county,  Mo.,  situated  in 
the  s.  E.  part  of  the  state,  lies  on  the  Mississippi 
river.  It  contains  about  864  sq.  ms.  Drained 
chiefly  by  the  sources  of  White  Water  r.  Iron 
ore  and  other  minerals  are  found  in  the  county. 
Capital,  Jackson.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  12,857,  sheep  10,300,  swine  33,528 ;  wheat 
41,235  bushels  produced,  Ind.  corn  461,635,  oats 
111,383,  potatoes  24,577,  tobacco  229,191  pounds, 
cotton  9,934,  sugar  37,318 ;  26  stores,  cap.  $79,800 ; 
12  tanneries,  35  distilleries,  7  flouring  m.,  16  grist 
m.,  16  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  news- 
paper. Cap.  in  manufac.  $82,787.  7  sch.  175 
scholars.  Pop.  1830,  7,445 ;  1840,  whites  8,020, 
slaves  1,325,  free  col'd  14 ;  total,  9,359. 
Cape  Girardeau,  p-v.,  Cape  Girardeau  co.,  Mo., 
207  s.  e.  Jefferson  city,  850  W.,  is  on  the  w.  bank 
of  the  Mississippi  r.,  10  ms.  from  Jackson,  the  co 
seat.  It  has  10  or  12  stores,  and  about  500  inhabi- 
tants. It  was  agitated  by  earthquakes  in  1810 
and  12,  and  some  chimneys  were  thrown  down. 
It  has  a  steam  saw  m.  The  town  has  2  acad. 
40  students,  1  sch.  30  scholars.     Pop.  1,728. 

Cape  Neddock,  York  co.,  Me.,  a  barren  head- 
land, projecting  into  the  Atlantic  ocean,  inhab- 
ited by  a  few  fishermen. 

Capeville,  p-v.,  Northampton  co.,  Va.,  170  E. 
by  s.  Richmond,  246  W.  It  is  on  the  e.  shore  of 
Chesapeake  bay,  near  Cape  Charles.  It  contains 
2  stores,  several  mechanic  shops,  and  12  or  14 
dwellings. 

Cape  Vincent,  p-v.,  Lyme  t.,  Jefferson  co., 
N.  Y.,  190  n.  w.  Albany,  442  W.  Situated  on 
the  s.  side  of  St.  Lawrence  r.  It  has  2  churches 
—1  Presbyterian  and  1  Episcopal— 5  stores,  2 
warehouses,  1  steam  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  fur- 
nace and  axe  factory,  1  tannery,  and  a  ship  yard. 
It  is  a  port  of  entry,  and  has  a  convenient  steam- 
boat landing.  It  has  a  regular  communication 
with  Kingston,  Canada. 

Captina,  p-o.,  York  t.,  Belmont  co.,  O.,  134  e. 
Columbus,  295  W. 
Capon  Springs,  p-o.,  Hampshire  co.,  Va. 
Carbondale,  p-v.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  35  n.  e. 
Wilkesbarre,  160  n.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  264  W. 
The  village  is  situated  on  Lackawana  cr.  It  has 
15  stores,  6  churches— 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episco- 
pal, 1  Baptist,  2  Methodist,  and  1  Roman  Catho- 
lic—and 500  dwellings.  This  flourishing  village 
owes  its  existence  to  the  Lackawana  coal  mine. 
The  mine  is  situated  in  the  front  of  a  hill.  It  is 
quarried  in  a  continuous  line  for  60  rods,  and  pre- 
sents a  front  of  good  coal,  20  feet  in  thickness, 
with  several  feet  of  imperfect  coal  above  it. 
Several  stationary  steam  engines  draw  up  the 
coal  in  wagons,  on  a  railway,  by  several  inclined 
planes,  from  the  mine  to  the  summit  level,  850  feet 
above  the  mine,  whence  it  descends  by  another 
railway,  16  miles  long,  by  several  inclined  planes, 
912  feet,  to  the  canal  at  Honesdale,  and  thence  to 
the  Delaware  r.,  where  it  meets  the  Delaware 
and  Hudson  canal  through  which  it  is  conveyed 


CAR 


104 


CAR 


to  the  Hudson  r.  There  were  1 19,407  tons  of  coal 
raised  in  1840,  employing  a  capital  of  $100,000, 
and  275  persons.  The  Delaware  and  Hudson 
Canal  Company  mine  and  send  to  market  from 
180  to  200,000  tons  of  coal  annually.  One  mile 
w.  of  the  village,  Fall  Brook,  a  considerable 
stream,  has  a  beautiful  cascade,  80  feet  high. 
There  are  in  the  town  14  stores,  cap.  $54,500  j  1 
furnace,  2  tanneries,  1  brewery,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manuf.  $327,000.  4  sch.  190  scholars.  Pop.  2,398. 

Cardiff,  p-v.,  Lafayette  t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N. 
Y.,  132  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  335  W.  It  contains  2 
stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  25 
dwellings,  and  150  inhabitants. 

Cardington,  p-v.,  Morven  t.,  Marion  co.,  O., 
36  n.  Columbus,  405  W.  It  has  a  store,  a  woollen 
fac,  and  several  mills  in  the  neighborhood. 

Carlinville,  p-o.,  capital  of  Macoupin  co., 
HI.,  39  s.  s.  w.  Springfield,  811  W.  Situated  on 
the  n.  side  of  Lake  Fork  of  Macoupin  r.  in  a 
beautiful  prairie.  It  has  several  stores,  1  sch.  61 
scholars.  Pop.  327.  A  theological  seminary, 
under  the  patronage  of  the  Presbyterian  Synod 
of  Illinois,  was  established  at  this  place  in  1833. 
It  has  700  volumes  in  its  library. 

Carlisle,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Ms.,  19  n.  w. 
Boston,  456  W.  Concord  river  runs  on  its  s.  E. 
border.  Its  soil  is  of  a  secondary  quality.  In- 
corporated in  1805.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $5,000 ; 
1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $21,200. 

5  sch.  204  scholars.    Pop.  556. 

Carlisle,  p-t.,  Schoharie  co.,  N.  Y.,  36  w.  by 
N.  Albany,  8  n.  w.  Schoharie.  The  surface  is 
uneven,  and  the  soil  a  sandy  loam,  underlaid  with 
limestone.  In  the  vicinity  are  numerous  caverns. 
The  v.  is  on  the  Cherry  valley  turnpike,  and 
contains  1  Presbyterian  church,  2  stores,  and  20 
dwellings.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,000 ;  1  fulling 
m.,  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $2,900.     11  sch.  527  scholars.     Pop.  1,850. 

Carlisle,  p-v.,  capital  of  Cumberland  county, 
Pa.,  15  w.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  103  W.  In  40° 
12'  n.  latitude,  77°  10'  w.  longitude.  The  place, 
founded  in  1751,  is  regularly  laid  out,  with  streets 
crossing  each  other  at  right  angles,  and  is  neatly 
built,  chiefly  with  brick  or  stone  houses.  Dick- 
inson college  is  located  here,  and  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  v.  has  an  elegant  building  of  limestone,  4 
stories  high,  150  feet  in  length,  and  occupying  a 
commanding  situation.  It  was  founded  in  1783, 
under  the  direction  of  the  Presbyterians;  but 
has  some  time  since  gone  into  the  hands  of  the 
Methodists,  and  is  flourishing.  It  has  a  president 
and  7  professors,  or  other  instructors,  561  alumni, 
140  of  whom  have  been  ministers  of  the  gospel, 
109  students,  and  10,600 volumes  in  its  libraries. 
The  commencement  is  on  the  last  Thursday  in 
September.  The  other  public  buildings  are,  9 
churches— 2  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Ger- 
man Reformed,  1  Lutheran,  1  Methodist,  1  Asso- 
ciate Presbyterian,  1  Roman  Catholic,  and  1 
African— a  court  house,  county  offices,  market 
house,  banking  house,  young  ladies'  seminary, 
&c.  There  are  6  or  700  houses.  Pop.  4,351. 
The  Cumberland  Valley  railroad,  extending  from 
Harrisburg  to  Chambersburg,  passes  through  the 
place.  The  United  States  barracks,  half  a  mile 
from  the  v.,  were  built  in  1777,  chiefly  by  the 
labor  of  the  Hessians  captured  at  Trenton.  They 
are  sufficient  for  a  garrison  of  2,000  men,  and  the 
general  government  have  recently  established  a 
cavalry  school  here.  There  are  in  the  town  42 
stores,  cap.  $90,446 ;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $2,000 ; 

6  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  2  breweries,  3  printing 
offices,l  bindery,  3  weekly  papers.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $68,750.  1  acad.  90  students,  16  sch.  855 
scholars. 


Carlisle,  p-v.,  Troup  co.,  Ga..  133  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  751  W.  Situated  s.'  side  of  Flat 
Shoal  cr. 

Carlisle,  p-v.,  capital  of  Nicholas  co.,  Ky., 
53  e.  N.  e.  Frankfort,  496  W.  Situated  on  a  small 
branch  of  Licking  r.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
several  stores,  2  sch.  50  scholars.     Pop.  256. 

Carlisle,  t.,  Lorain  co.,  O.,  3i  s.  Elyria.  It 
has  a  fine  soil,  well  watered  by  the  w.  branches 
of  Black  r.,  which  afford  good  mill  seats.  There 
is  a  considerable  village  on  the  e.  branch  of 
Black  r.,  which  also  runs  through  the  town.  The 
village  has  1  store,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  and  about 
30  dwellings.  The  t.  has  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,300.  6  sch.  273  scholars. 
Pop.  1,094. 

Carlisle,  p-v.,  Sullivan  co.,  la.,  100  s.  w. 
Indianapolis,  671  W.  Situated  2  ms.  E.  of  Bus- 
seron  creek. 

Carlisle  Mills,  p-o.,  Perry  co.,  Miss.,  173  s. 
E.  Jackson,  1,051  W. 

Carlisle  Springs,  p-o.,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa., 
19  w.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  107  W.  Here  are  sul- 
phur springs,  4  n.  Carlisle  v. 

Carlow,  p-o.,  Hopkins  co.,  Ky.,  216  w.  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  749. 

Carlton,  p-t.,  Orleans  co.,  N.  Y.,  253  w.  by 
N.  Albany,  401  W.  It  lies  on  Lake  Ontario. 
The  surface  is  level,  and  the  soil  sandy  and 
gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  Oak  Orchard  creek, 
which  enters  Lake  Ontario.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$2,000  ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries, 
1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $35,100.     15  sch.  793  scholars.    Pop.  2,275. 

Carlton's  Store,  p-o.,  King  and  Queen  co., 
Va.,  58  n.  e.  by  E.  Richmond,  146  W. 

Carlyle,  p-v.,  capital  of  Clinton  co.,  111.,  96 
s.  by  e.  Springfield,  771  W.  It  is  situated  on  the 
w.  side  of  Kaskaskia  r.,  215  miles  above  its  mouth, 
by  the  course  of  the  r.  Founded  in  1818,  on  the 
border  of  a  prairie.  It  has  a  court  house,  5  stores, 
1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  about  40  dwellings. 

Carmel,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  65  n.  e.  Au- 
gusta, 660  W.  Watered  by  Sowadabscook  r.  and 
its  branches,  which  afford  good  water  power.  It 
has  5  stores,  cap.  $3,825 ;  1  tannery,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,275.  195  scholars  in  sch. 
Pop.  520. 

Carmel,  p-t.,  capital  of  Putman  co.,  N.  Y.,  100 
s.  Albany,  237  W.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  the 
soil  clay  and  sandy  loam,  and  very  fertile.  In 
this  t.  and  the  vicinity  are  several  small  lakes, 
from  which  some  of  the  head  waters  of  Croton  r. 
proceed.  The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  E. 
side  of  a  small  lake,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
a  jail,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist  church,  an  acad- 
emy, 3  stores,  40  dwellings,  and  250  inhabitants 
There  are  in  the  t.,  7  stores,  cap.  $13,600;  3 
fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  4  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $17,300.  11  sch.  520  scholars.  Pop. 
2,263. 

Carmel,  p-v.,  St.  Joseph's  co.,  la.,  129  n.  In- 
dianapolis, 648  W. 

Carmel,  p-t.,  Eaton  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  868. 

Carmel  Hill,  p-o.,  Chester  dist.,  S.  C,  71  n. 
Columbia,  460  W. 

Carmi,  p-v.,  capital  of  White  co.,111.,  181  s.  e. 
Springfield,  751  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank  of 
Little  Wabash  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house  and 
several  dwellings.     Pop.  350. 

Carmichaels,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Pa.,  190  w. 
by  s.  Harrisburg,  214  W. 

Carnesville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Franklin  co.,  Ga., 
Ill  n.  Milledgeville,  535  W.  Situated  on  Ste- 
phen's creek,  and  contains  a  court  house,  which 
cost  $4,600,  a  jail,  an  academy,  and  5  or  6  stores. 
Founded  in  1798. 


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105 


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Carolink,  county,  Md.,  in  the  e.  part  of  the 
state,  contains  240  sq.  miles.  It  has  the  state  of 
Delaware  on  the  e.,  and  the  w.  branch  of  Chop- 
tank  river  on  the  w.  The  e.  branch  of  the  Chop- 
tank  river  passes  through  the  co.  Capital,  Den- 
ton. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,678, 
sheep  5,112,  swine  9,379  ;  wheat  24,844  bushels 
produced,  rye  19,271,  Indian  corn  269,375,  oats 
53,725,  potatoes,  13,897 ;  50  stores,  cap.  $128,550 ; 
1  tannery,  10  grist  m.,  13  sawm.,  1  printing  office, 
1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,050. 
23  sch.  444  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  9,070 ;  1840, 
whites  5,334,  slaves  752,  free  col'd  2,551;  total, 
7,806. 

Caroline,  county,  Va.,  in  the  e.  part  of  the 
state,  bounded  n.  by  Rappahannock  r.  It  con- 
tains 600  square  miles.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
broken,  and  the  soil  various.  Drained  by  Rap- 
pahannock and  Pamunky  rivers  on  its  borders, 
and  Mattapony  r.,  through  its  centre.  Produce, 
grain  and  tobacco.  Capital,  Bowling  Green. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,359,  sheep 
9,349,  swine  19,372 ;  wheat  80,938  bushels  pro- 
duced, rye  13,117,  Ind.  corn  575,685,  oats  119,986, 
potatoes  18,766,  tobacco  773,745  pounds,  cotton 
20,005  ;  18  stores,  cap.  $132,100 ;  4  tanneries,  24 
grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,750. 
17  acad.  370  students,  13  sch.  219  scholars. 
Pop.  1830,  17,774;  1840,  whites  6,725,  slaves 
9,314,  free  col'd  774 ;  total,  17,813. 

Caroline,  p-o.,  Haywood  co.,  Tenn.,  174  w. 
s.  w.  Nashville,  857  W. 

Caroline,  p-t.,  Tompkins  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  s.  e. 
Ithaca,  150  w.  by  s.  Albany,  331  W.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly ;  soil,  gravelly  and  calcareous  loam. 
Drained  by  W.  Oswego  and  Six  Mile  creeks  ;  the 
former  emptying  into  the  Susquehanna  r.,  and  the 
latter  inio  the  Cayuga  lake.  It  has  12  stores, 
cap.  $41,500 ;  2  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  4  grist  m., 
37  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $52,450. 
13  sch.  861  scholars.    Pop.  2,457. 

Caroline  Centre,  p-o.,  Caroline  t.,  Tomp- 
kins county,  N.  Y.,  173  w.  by  s.  Albany,  330  W. 

Caroline  Furnace,  p-o.,  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  23 
w.  Harrisburg,  133  W. 

Carondelet,  p-v.,  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  134  e. 
Jefferson  city,  814  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  w. 
bank  of  Mississippi  r.,  5  miles  below  St.  Louis. 
There  are  in  the  t.,  2  acad.  24  students,  1  sch.  20 
scholars.    Pop.  2,093. 

Carpenter's  Landing,  p-v.,  Greenwich  t., 
Gloucester  co.,  N.  J.,  40  s.  w.  Trenton,  151  W. 
Situated  at  the  head  of  sloop  navigation,  on  Man- 
tua cr.,  7  miles  above  its  entrance  into  the  Dela- 
ware r.  It  contains  a  Methodist  church,  2  stores, 
and  over  30  dwellings.  It  has  considerable  trade 
in  lumber  and  wood.    Pop.  about  250. 

Carpenter's  Mills,  p-o.,  Allen  co.,  Ky.,  155 
s.  w.  Frankfort,  678  W. 

Carrick,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  63  w.  s.  w. 
Harrisburg,  111  W. 

Carritunk,p-v.,  Somerset  co.,  Md.,75  s.  s  e. 
Annapolis,  70  W. 

Carroll,  county,  N.  H.,  situatedin  the  e.  part 
of  the  state.  It  has  Winnipiseogee  lake  on  its 
8.  w.  border.  Ossipee  lake,  and  a  part  of  Squam 
lake,  and  several  large  ponds  are  within  it.  It 
ha3  also  Ossipee  mountain,  and  other  elevated 
summits.  Capital,  Ossipee.  This  county  formed 
a  part  of  Strafford  co.,  at  the  time  when  the  cen- 
sus was  taken.  For  statistics,  see  the  towns  of 
which  it  was  composed. 

Carroll,  county,  Md.,  situated  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  500  sq.  miles.  Drained 
by  Patapsco  and  Monococy  rs.  It  is  a  fertile  and 
wealthy  co.  Capital,  Westminster.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  11,012,  sheep  12,565,  swine 


23,311;  wheat  180,818  bushels  produced,  rye 
72,091,  Ind.  corn  254,334,  biwkwheal  6,060,  oats 
209,230,  potatoes  112,171.  tobacco  238,560  pounds  j 
54  stores,  cap.  $95,825 ;  7  lulling  in.,  2  woollen 
fac,  2  cotton  fac.  2,032  sp.,  1  rope  fa.-.,  26  tan- 
neries, 28  distilleries,  1  brewery,  6  potteries,  81 
flouring  m.,  37  grist  m.,  61  saw  m.,  3  oil  m.,  4 
paper  fac,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspa- 
pers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $207,472.  2  acad.  39 
students,  14  schools,  334  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
15,221,  slaves  1,122,  free  col'd  898;  total,  17,241. 

Carroll,  county,  Ga.,  toward  the  n.  w.  partof 
the  state,  having  Chattahoochee  river  on  the  s.  e. 
It  contains  800  square  miles.  The  surface  is  ele- 
vated and  broken.  Drained  by  the  branches  of 
the  Tallapoosa  r.  This  county  was  ceded  to 
the  United  States,  by  the  Cherokees,  in  1825, 
at  the  Treaty  of  the  Indian  Springs.  Capital, 
Carrollton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,572, 
sheep  2,345,  swine  15,172;  wheat  24,552  bushels 
produced,  Ind.  corn  366,840,  oats  14,439,  potatoes 
6,950,  tobacco  14,456  pounds,  cotton  354,089 ;  14 
stores,  cap.  $40,165;  value  of  gold  produced 
$17,370 ;  13  smelting  houses,  4  furnaces,  4  cotton 
fac.  54  sp.,  4  tanneries,  13  distilleries,  1  flouring 
m.,  16  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$32,430.  2  acad.  36  students,  20  sch.  441  schol- 
ars. Pop.  1830,  3,419 ;  1840,  whites  4,725,  slaves 
522,  free  col'd  5 ;  total,  5,252. 

Carroll,  county,  Miss.,  situated  a  little  n.  w. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  bounded  by  Yazoo  r. 
on  the  w.,  and  Big  Black  r.  on  the  s.  e.,  and 
drained  by  their  branches.  It  contains  950  sq. 
ms.  Capital,  Carrollton.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  16,651,  sheep  4,137,  swine  21,937; 
wheat  6,028  bushels  produced,  rye  80,  Ind.  corn 
455,205,  oats  10,340,  potatoes  35,743,  cotton 
3,542,051  pounds ;  17  stores,  cap.  $127,500 ;  17 
tanneries,  2  flouring  m.,  22  grist  m.,  8  saw  m., 
1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  113,800.  1  college,  60  students,  3  acad. 
165  students,  11  sch.  267  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
5,136,  slaves  5,344,  free  col'd  1 ;  total,  10,481. 

Carroll,  parish,  La.,  situated  in  the  n.  e.  part 
of  the  state.  Drained  by  Bayou  Bartholomew, 
Bayou  Beouff,  Bayou  Macon,  and  Tensas  r.  It 
has  the  Mississippi  river  on  the  e.  Capital,  Pro- 
vidence. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,670, 
sheep  180,  swine  10,414;  Ind.  corn  168,890  bush, 
prod.,  potatoes  12,971,  cotton  8,476,800  pounds, 
1  saw  m.,  1  sch.  18  scholars.  Pop.  whites  1,146, 
slaves  3,082,  free  col'd  9 ;  total,  4,237. 

Carroll,  county,  Tenn.,  situated  in  the  w. 
part  of  the  state.  It  contains  960  sq.  ms.  It 
forms  the  height  of  land  between  the  Tennessee 
and  Mississippi  rivers,  toward  both  of  which  its 
streams  flow.  Capital,  Huntingdon.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  47,163,  sheep  30,635, 
swine  65,349 ;  wheat  684,691  bushels  produced, 
Ind.  com  692,340,  oats  74,079,  potatoes  34,320, 
tobacco  868,664  pounds,  cotton  215,388 ;  13  stores, 
cap.  43,800  ;  9  tanneries,  8  distilleries,  3  flouring 
m.,  17  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1 
weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $40,027. 
35  sch.  923  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  9,397 ;  1840, 
whites  10,114,  slaves  2,218,  free  col'd  30;  total, 
12,362. 

Carroll,  county  Ky.,  situated,  centrally,  in 
the  N.  part  of  the  state,  on  Ohio  r.,  and  contains 
140  sq.  ms.  Drained  by  Kentucky  r.  Surface, 
level;  soil,  very  fertile.  Capital,  Carrollton. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,392,  sheep 
5,944,  swine  11,125;  wheat  31,888  bushels  pro- 
duced, rye  1,895,  Ind.  corn  196,229,  oats  18,030, 
potatoes  5,636,  tobacco  255,080  pounds ;  11  stores, 
cap.  $42,300 ;  3  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,600.    6  sch.  314  scholars. 


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106 


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Pop.  whites  3,212,  slaves  731,  free  colored  23 ; 

^Carroll,  county,  O.,  situated  in  the  e.  part 
of  the  state.  Established  in  1833.  It  contains 
400  sq  ms.  Drained  by  Sandy,  Conoten,  and  the 
n  fork  of  Yellow  creek.  Sou\  very  fertile.  Capi- 
tal Carrollton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
it84Mneen 23,382, swine  16,519;  wheat 252 ,428 
bushels  produced,  rye  22,569  Ind.  corn  137,939, 
buckwheat  13,593,  oats  218,278,  potatoes  38,164; 
16  stores,  cap.  $39,500 ;  4  tanneries,  2  distilleries, 
5  flouring  m.,  11  grist  m.,  14  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  2 
printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $30,250.  1  acad.  32  students,  23  sch. 
681  scholars.    Pop.  18,108. 

Carroll,  county,  la.,  situated  toward  the  n. 
w.  part  of  the  state.  It  contains  380  sq.  ms.  1  he 
Wabash  r.  passes  through  it.  It  has  also  Deer, 
Rock,  and  Wildcat  creeks.  Organized  in  1828. 
The  surface  is  generally  level,  and  has  both  tim- 
ber and  prairie  land.  The  Wabash  and  Erie 
canal  passes  through  it.  Capital,  Delphi.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,903,  sheep  5,928, 
swine  17,443;  wheat  69,172  bushels  produced, 
rye  2,214,  Ind.  corn  298,331,  buckwheat  835,  oats 
76,636,  potatoes  26,736,  sugar  77,650  pounds, 
tobacco  3,773 ;  20  stores,  cap.  $59,264 ;  7  tan- 
neries, 5  distilleries,  1  pottery,  3  flouring  m.,  10 
grist  m.,  30  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $89,065 ;  1  acad. 
60  students,  11  sch.  288  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 
1,611;  1840,7,819. 

Carroll,  county,  HI.,  situated  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  445  sq.  ms.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  and  the  soil  fertile.  The  Mis- 
sissippi r.  forms  its  w.  boundary.  Drained  by 
Plum  and  Rush  creeks.  Capital,  Savanna. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  952,  sheep  237, 
swine  2,385 ;  wheat  7,226  bushels  produced,  Ind. 
corn  26,530,  oats  10,150,  potatoes  7,805  ;  7  stores, 
cap.  $12,000  ;  4  sch.  100  scholars.     Pop.  1,023. 

Carroll,  county,  Mo.,  situated  toward  the  n. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  has  the  Missouri  r.  on 
its  s.  border,  and  Grand  r.  on  the  n.  e.  It  con- 
tains 700  sq.  ms.  Drained  by  Waconda  r.  and 
branches  of  Grand  r.  Capital,  Carrollton.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,652,  sheep  2,113,  swine 
16,885 ;  wheat  1,100  bushels  produced,  Ind.  corn 
141,735,  oats  10,545,  potatoes  6,401,  tobacco  7,320 
pounds ;  8  stores,  cap.  $9,200 ;  1  tannery,  1  dis- 
tillery, 5  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$11,600.  1  sch.  26  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,155, 
slaves  268 ;  total,  2,423. 

Carroll,  county,  Ark.,  situated  in  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state.  Drained  by  branches  of  White 
r.  and  Little  Red  r.  Capital,  Carrollton.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,300,  sheep  2,038,  swine 
10,429 ;  wheat  4,462  bushels  produced,  Ind.  corn 
119,539,  oats  1,252,  potatoes  4,828,  tobacco  6,995 

Sounds,  cotton  6,754;  9  stores,  cap.  $16,448;  3 
istillenes,  12  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  8  schools,  185 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,707,  slaves  137;  total, 
2,844. 

Carroll,  p-t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H.  It  lies  at  the 
base  of  the  White  Mountains,  on  the  n.  w.  Char- 
tered in  1772.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  its  as 
pect  uninviting.  It  has  1  saw  m.,  2  sch.  75  schol 
ars.    Pop.  218. 

Carroll,  p-t.,  Chautauque  co.,  N.  Y.,  336  w 
by  s.  Albany,  313  W.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
the  soil  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Connewango 
and  Stillwater  crs.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $14,000 ; 
2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  22  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $5,105. 

Carroll,  t.,  York  co.,  Pa.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $16,000;  2  tanneries,  6  distilleries,  3  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manuf.  $28,800.    Pop.  571. 


Carroll,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.  It  has  14 
stores,  cap.  $25,000 ;  3  tanneries.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $2,800.    2  sch.  70  scholars.     Pop.  1,235. 

Carroll,  t.,  Ottawa  co.,  O.  It  has  1  sch.  24 
scholars.     Pop.  232. 

Carroll,  p-o.,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  121  w.  by 
s.  Detroit,  586  W. 

Carroll,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  la.,  59  n.  Indian- 
apolis, 616  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of  Wa- 
bash r. 

Carroll,  t.,  Cambria  county  Pa.  It  has  1 
tannery,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $300.  5 
sch.  150  scholars.    Pop.  696. 

Carroll,  t.,  Perry  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $2,700 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  dis- 
tillery, 1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manuf.  $8,838.  7  sch.  315  scholars.  Pop.  1,100. 
Carrollsville,  p-v.,  Tishamingo  co.,  Miss., 
208  n.  E.  by  N.  Jackson,  855  W. 

Carrollton,  p-v.,  Centre  t.,  capital  of  Carroll 
co.,  O.,  125  n.  e.  Columbus,  296  W.  It  has  a 
court  house,  several  stores,  and  a  printing  office, 
at  which  a  weekly  newspaper  is  issued. 

Carrollton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Carroll  co.,  Ky.T 
46  n.  N.  w  Frankfort,  588  W.  Situated  on  the 
s.  bank  of  Ohio  r.,  at  the  junction  of  Kentucky  r. 
It  has  a  court  house,  jail,  3  churches — 1  Presby- 
terian, 1  Methodist,  and  1  African— 7  stores,  1 
steam  saw  m.,  and  about  850  inhabitants. 

Carrollton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Carroll  co.,  Ga., 
131  w.  n.  w.  Milledgeville,  719  W.  Situated  on 
the  s.  fork  of  Tallapoosa  r.,  near  the  centre  of 
the  county.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  2  or 
3  stores,  and  10  or  12  houses. 

Carrollton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Pickens  co.,  Ala., 
42  w.  Tuscaloosa,  860  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Lubbub  cr.,  and  contains  a  court  house 
and  several  dwellings. 

Carrollton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Carroll  co.,  Miss., 
92  n.  by  e.  Jackson,  979  W.  Situated  on  the  s. 
side  of  Big  Sandy  cr.,  and  contains  a  court  house 
and  a  few  dwellings. 

Carrollton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Carroll  county, 
Ark.,  212  n.  N.  w.  Little  Rock,  1,146  W.  Situ- 
ated on  the  s.  side  of  Crooked  cr.  Contains  a 
court  house  and  several  dwellings. 

Carrollton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Greene  co.,  Ill,, 
69  s.  w.  Springfield,  834  W.  It  is  a  pleasant 
village,  on  the  borders  of  Spring  prairie.  It  has 
a  handsome  brick  court  house,  23  stores,  2  steam 
flouring  m.,  2  steam  saw  m.,  and  1  tannery.  It 
contains  4  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist, 
1  Methodist,  and  a  Reformers'  Society.  The 
houses  of  the  village  are  neatly  built,  many 
of  them  of  brick.  The  country  around  is  beau- 
tiful and  well  cultivated.  It  has  3  schools,  120 
scholars.    Pop.  667. 

Carrollton,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  Mo.,  124  n.  w. 
Jefferson  city,  1,018  W.  It  is  situated  on  Wa- 
conda cr.,  6  miles  N.  of  Missouri  r.  It  has  a  neat 
brick  court  house,  and  about  300  inhabitants. 

Carrollton,  in  Centre  t.,  Carroll  co.,  O.  It 
has  3  sch.  145  scholars.    Pop.  698. 

Carrollville,  p-v.,  Wayne  co.,  Tenn.,  113 
s.  w.Nashville,  790  W. 
Carrsville,  p-o.,  Isle  of  Wight  co.,  Va. 
Carryall,  t.,  Paulding  co.,  Ohio.    Pop.  345. 
Carsonville,  p-v.,  Talbot  co.,  Ga.,  75  w.  s. 
w.  Milledgeville,  731 W. 

Carteret,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the  s. 
E.  part,  of  the  state,  and  contains  600  sq.  ms.  It 
lies  along  the  Atlantic  coast.  The  surface  is 
level ;  soil,  sandy  and  marshy,  with  sandy  isles 
and  reefs  in  front,  on  one  of  which  is  Cape  Look- 
out. Capital,  Beaufort.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  4,721,  sheep  2,003,  swine  7,034; 
wheat  2,133  bush,  produced,  Ind.  com  32,674, 


CAR 


107 


CAS 


potatoes  41,120,  cotton  4,283  pounds;  15,347  bar- 
rels of  tar,  pitch,  &c,  produced,  893  bush,  salt ; 
17  stores,  cap.  931,300;  7  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $52,800.  3  sch.  47  scholars. 
Pop.  1830,  6,607;  1840,  whites  5,087,  slaves 
1,360,  free  col'd  144 ;  total,  6,591. 

Carter's  Bridge,  p-o.,  Albemarle  co.,  Va., 
83  w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  140  W. 

Carter's  Crf.kk,  p-o.,  Williamson  co.,  Tenn., 
30  s.  Nashville,  707  W. 

Carter,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
corner  of  the  state,  and  contains  540  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Watauga  r.,  a  branch  of  Holston  r. 
The  surface  is  elevated,  rocky  and  mountainous, 
on  its  e.  and  s..  border.  Capital,  Elizabethtown. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,932,  sheep 
3,470,  swine  11,252:  wheat  22,603  bush,  produ- 
ced, rye  999,  Ind.  corn  150,041,  buckwheat  1,732, 
oats  54,530,  potatoes  14,339,  silk  cocoons  71  lbs., 
tobacco  3,71 1,  sugar  7,092 ;  4  stores,  cap. 
$21,000 ;  3  furnaces,  8  forges,  4  tanneries,  8 
distilleries,  1  powder  m.,  1  flouring  m.,  23  grist 
m.,  18  saw  m.,  1  printing  office.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $26,495.  2  acad.  48  students,  3  sch.  60 
scholars.  Pop.  1830,  6,414  ;  1840,  whites  4,993, 
slaves  352,  free  col'd  22  ;  total,  5,372. 

Carter,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state.  Drained  by  Little  Sandy  r. 
and  Tygarts  creek.  Surface  hilly.  Capital, 
Grayson.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,041, 
sheep  2,968,  swine  6,760;  wheat  2,155  bush, 
produced,  rye  1,532,  Ind.  corn  99,080,  oats  25,550, 
potatoes  4,526,  tobacco  3,246  pounds,  sugar  7,413, 
salt  8,000  bush. ;  2  tanneries,  5  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,000.  2  sch.  50  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  2,711;  slaves  186,  free  col'd  8; 
total,  2,905. 

Carter's  Hill,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Ala., 
130  s.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  841  W. 

Carter's  Station,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Tenn., 
255  e.  Nashville,  441  W. 

Carter's  Store,  p-o.,  Nicholas  co.,  Ky.,  62 
E.  by  n.  Frankfort,  506  W. 

Cartersville,  p-v.,  Cumberland  co.,  Va.,  46 
w.  by  n.  Richmond,  124  W.  Situated  on  the 
S.  side  of  James  r. 

Cartersville,  p-o.,  Tishamingo  co.,  Miss., 
248  n.  n.  e.  Jackson,  815  W. 

Carthage,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  41  n.  w. 
Augusta,  619  W.  Watered  by  Webb's  r.,  a 
branch  of  the  Androscoggin.  It  contains  several 
ponds,  the  outlets  of  which  enter  Webb's  r.  In- 
corporated in  1826.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m., 
8  sch.  248  scholars.     Pop.  522. 

Carthage,  p-v.,  Wilna  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  N.  Y., 
152  n.  w.  Albany,  431  W.  Situated  on  the  n. 
e.  side  of  Black  r.,  where  are  2  bridges.  Incor- 
porated in  1841.  It  has  1  Methodist  and  1  Ro- 
man Catholic  church,  an  academy,  10  stores,  1 
furnace,  2  forges,  1  rolling  m.,  1  nail  fac,  1  axe 
fac,  1  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.,  100  dwellings,  and 
about  600  inhabitants.  The  Long  Falls,  com- 
mencing at  this  place,  furnish  extensive  water 
power.  The  r.  below,  is  not  navigable ;  but 
above,  it  is  boatable  40  miles,  to  the  High  Falls, 
where  the  Black  River  canal  commences. 

Carthage,  p-v.,  Mill  Creek  t.,  Hamilton  co., 
O.,  8  n.  Cincinnati,  116  s.  w.  Columbus,  502  W. 
It  is  a  pleasant  village  in  the  centre  of  the  co., 
which  causes  it  to  be  the  place  of  large  public 
meetings.  The  annual  fair  of  the  Hamilton  co. 
Agricultural  Society  is  held  here. 

Carthage,  p-o.,  Campbell  co.,  Ky. 

Carthage,  p-v.,  capital  of  Moore  co.,  N.  C, 
79  s.  w.  Raleigh,  367  W.  Situated  3  ms.  e.  of 
McLennon's  cr.  It  contains  a  court  house  and 
several  dwellings. 


Carthage,  p-v.,  Tuscaloosa  CO.,  Ala.,  17  9. 
Tuscaloosa,  835  W. 

Carthage,  p-v.,  capital  of  Leake  co.,  Miss., 
57  n.  e.  Jackson,  961  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house  and  several  dwellings. 

Carthage,  p-v.,  capital  of  Smith  co.,  Tenn., 
52  E.  Nashville,  632  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side 
of  Cumberland  r.,  opposite  the  entrance  of  Cany 
Fork  cr.  It  contains  1  church,  an  academy,  6 
stores,  1  large  tobacco  stemmery,  and  about  600 
inhabitants. 

Carthage,  t.,  Athens  co.,  O.  Situated  in  the  s. 
e.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  broken 
ana  hilly,  and  the  soil  but  moderately  good.  It 
has  1  store,  cap.  $2,000 ;  1  tannery,   1  grist  m., 

1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,800.  4  sch.  87 
scholars.    Pop.  737. 

Carthage,  p-v.,  Rush  co.,  la.,  32  E.  s.  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 547  W. 
Carthage,  v.,  Brighton  t.,  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y., 

2  n.  Rochester,  at  the  lower  falls  of  Genesee  r. 
Below  this,  the  r.  is  navigable  for  steamboats,  5 
ms.  to  Lake  Ontario.  It  contains  60  dwellings, 
and  has  an  inclined  plane  with  machinery,  by 
which  articles  are  drawn  up  from  the  landing 
place,  160  feet  above,  and  a  flight  of  237  steps. 
From  the  summit,  a  railroad  proceeds  to  Roches- 
ter. A  bridge  of  a  single  arcn,  of  352  feet  chord, 
and  196  feet  above  the  water,  was  built  here  in 
1819,  at  a  cost  of  $27,000  ;  but  fell  in  1820,  with 
a  tremendous  crash,  and  is  not  likely  to  be  rebuilt. 

Carthage,  p-v.,  capital  of  Hancock  co.,  111., 
106  w.  n.  w.  Springfield,  880  W.  Situated  9  ms. 
from  the  Mississippi  r.,  between  Bear  and  Long 
creeks.  Laid  out  in  1833.  It  contains  4  stores, 
and  various  mechanic  shops.  In  the  vicinity  is 
excellent  timber,  and  abundance  of  coal.  It  is  a 
growing  place. 

Caruthus  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  McMinn  co., 
Tenn.,  164  Nashville,  553  W. 

Carver,  p-t.,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  47  s.  E. 
Boston,  447  W.  There  are  several  ponds  in  the 
t.,  the  soil  is  indifferent,  but  it  has  some  manu- 
factures. Iron  ore  is  found.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $1,800 ;  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$15,600.    7  sch.  250  scholars.     Pop.  995. 

Carversville,  p-o.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  108  e. 
Harrisburg,  170  W. 

Carysville,  p-o.,  Champaign  co.,  O.,  60  w. 
n.  w.  Columbus,  454  W. 

Cascade,  p-o.,  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  192  w.  s. 
w.  Richmond,  275  W. 

Cascade,  p-o.,  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa. 

Casco  Bay,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.  It  sets  up 
from  the  Atlantic,  between  Cape  Elizabeth  and 
Cape  Small  Point,  20  miles  apart,  and  affords 
fine  anchorage.  It  contains  30O  islands,  mostly 
small,  but  generally  very  productive. 

Caseville,  p-v.,  Olive  t.,  Ulster  co.,  N.  Y., 
76  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  330  W.  It  has  a  church,  1 
grist  m.,  1  tannery,  and  a  few  scattered  dwellings. 

Casey,  county,  Ky.,  central  in  the  s.  part  of 
the  state.  Drained  by  the  head  waters  of 
Green  r.  Salt  r.  also  has  its  rise  here.  It  con- 
tains 448  sq.  ms.  Capital,  Liberty.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,400,  sheep  8,361,  swine 
25,070 ;  wheat  14,636  bush,  produced,  rye  10,200, 
Ind.  corn  287,025,  oats  59,948,  potatoes  13,263; 
tobacco  51,800  pounds,  sugar  22,642;  3  stores, 
cap.  $11,000;  5  tanneries,  9  distilleries,  2  flour- 
ing m.,  15  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$14,450.  1  acad.,  5  sch.  143  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  4,371,  slaves  531,  free  col'd  37;  total, 
4,939. 

Casey,  p-o.,  Clark  co.,  111.,  121  e.  s.  e.  Spring- 
field, 679  W. 

Caseyville,  p-o.,  Union  co.,  Ky. 


CAS 


108 


CAS 


N.  C, 


Casker's   Valley,  p-o     Macon  co, 
337  w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  567  W. 

Cashtown,  p-v..  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  43  s.  w. 
Harrisburg,  83  W.  Situated  on  the  turnpike 
road  from  Gettysburg  to  Chambersburg. 

Cashville,  p-v.,  Spartanburg  dist.,  S.  C, 
102  N.  w.  Columbia,  483  W. 

Cass,  county,  Ga.,  in  the  n.  w.  part  of  the 
state.  Drained  by  Etowah  r.,  and  Sulacoe  cr. 
Surface  hilly  ;  soil,  on  the  margins  of  the  streams 
very  fertile.  Capital,  Cassville.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  9,141,  sheep  3,744,  swme  32,691 ; 
wheat  51,613  bush,  produced,  rye  1,089,  Ind.  com 
469,361,  oats  49,274,  potatoes  10,697,  tobacco  6,430 
pounds,  cotton  326,403 ;  53  stores,  cap.  $67,578  ;  2 
furnaces,  6  tanneries,  15  distilleries,  2  flouring  m., 
16  grist  m.,  14  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $19,680.  16  sch. 
468  scholars.  Pop.  whites  7,331,  slaves  1,995, 
free  col'd  14  ;  total,  9,390. 

Cass,  county,  Mich.  Situated  in  the  s.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  having  the  state  of  Indiana  s., 
and  contains  528  sq.  ms.  Drained  by  St.  Jo- 
seph's, Christiana,  and  Dowagiake  rivers.  The 
surface  is  gently  undulating,  and  the  soil  is  of  a 
superior  quality.  It  is  diversified  with  lakes, 
prairies  and  oak  openings.  Capital,  Cassopolis. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,179,  sheep 
5,524,  swine  11,411 ;  wheat  95,101  bush,  produ- 
ced, Ind.  corn  177,925,  buckwheat  1,064,  barley 
1,886,  oats  98,833,  potatoes  132,319,  sugar  83,369 

Sounds ;  10  stores,  cap.  $49,700 ;  4  tanneries,  1 
istillery,  2  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  22  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $68,817.  25  sch.  827  scholars. 
Pop.  1830,  919  ;  1840,  5,710. 

Cass,  county,  la.  Situated  centrally  in  the 
N.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  415  sq.  ms. 
Watered  by  Wabash  r.,  and  Eel  r.  Organized 
in  1829.  The  general  face  of  the  country  is 
level,  and  abounds  with  springs  of  excellent 
water,  and  the  streams  afford  good  mill  seats. 
The  Wabash  and  Erie  canal  passes  through  the 
co.  Capital,  Logansport.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  4,598,  sheep  2,015,  swine  9,266 ; 
wheat  23,990  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  118,755, 
buckwheat  720,  oats  37,304,  potatoes  30,496, 
sugar  20,400  pounds  ;  27  stores,  cap.  $7,200  ;  3 
tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  pottery,  3  flouring  m., 
2  grist  m.,  14  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $67,300.  13  sch. 
276  scholars.     Pop.  5,480. 

Cass,  county,  111.  Situated  centrally  in  the 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  256  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  branches  of  Sangamon  r.,  on  the  n. 
and  head  branches  of  Indian  and  other  creeks, 
which  fall  into  the  Illinois  r.,  on  the  w.  and  s. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  consisting  of  timber 
and  prairie ;  soil,  very  fertile.  Capital,  Vir- 
ginia. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,318, 
sheep  3,098,  swine  12,260 ;  wheat  25,812  bush, 
produced,  Ind.  corn  192,830,  oats  21,162,  pota- 
toes 12,694,  tobacco  350  pounds ;  2  commission 
houses,'  cap.  $10,000 ;  8  stores,  cap.  $40,476 ;  1 
woollen  fac,  1  brewery,  5  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,575.  7  sch.  279  scholars. 
Pop.  2,981. 

Cass,  p-t.,  Hancock  co.,  O.,  100  n.  w.  Colum- 
bus, 446  W.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $500  ;  1  grist  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $900.  6  sch.  225  scholars. 
Pop.  617. 

Cass,  river,  Mich.,  a  considerable  branch  of 
Saginaw  r.,  which  it  enters  20  miles  from  its 
mouth.  It  is  a  fine  mill  stream  ;  and  in  high 
water,  is  boatable  15  or  20  miles  from  its  mouth. 
Cass,  p-t.,  Ionia  co.,  Mich.,  133  w.  n.  w.  De- 
troit, 620  W.  It  has  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $1,600.    Pop.  202. 


Cassadaga  Lake,  a  small  body  of  water  in 
Chautauque  co.,  N.  Y.,  which  gives  rise  to  Cas- 
sadaga cr.,  a  fine  mill  stream,  which  enters  into 
Connewango  cr. 

Cassadaga,  p-o.,  Pomfret  t.,  Chautauque  co., 
N.  Y.,  331  w.  by  s.  Albany,  337  W. 

Cassopolis,  p-v.,  capital  of  Cass  co.,  Mich., 
167  s.  w.  Detroit,  615  W.  It  is  situated  on  the 
N.  w.  border  of  Stone  lake,  and  has  a  handsome 
court  house,  a  jail,  5  stores,  100  dwellings,  and 
about  400  inhabitants. 

Cassville,  p-v.,  Paris  t.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y., 
86  n.  n.  w.  Albany,  375  W.  Situated  on  Sau- 
quoit  cr.  It  has  2  churches,  2  stores,  2  grist  m., 
2  saw  m.,  2  fulling  m.,  1  distillery,  40  dwellings, 
and  about  250  inhabitants. 

Cassville,  p-o.,  Monmouth  co.,  N.  J.,  25  e. 
Trenton,  183  W. 

Cassville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Cass  co.,  Ga.,  144 
N.  w.  Milledgeville,  645  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  an  academy,  3  churches,  1  Presbyterian, 
1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist,  and  4  dwellings. 

Cassville,  p-v.,  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  126  w.  s.  w. 
Madison,  928  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  bank  of 
the  Mississippi  r.  It  is  a  place  of  considerable 
trade,  and  contains  several  stores  and  dwellings. 
Castalian  Springs,  p-o.,  Sumner  co.,  Tenn., 
34  n.  e.  Nashville,  675  W. 

Castile,  p-t.,  Wyoming  co.,  N.  Y.,  249  w. 
Albany,  358  W.  The  surface  is  rolling,  soil 
gravelly  loam,  and  well  adapted  either  to  grass 
or  to  grain.  The  Genesee  r.  flows  on  its  eastern 
border.  Silver  lake  lies  in  the  n.  part  of  the  t. 
The  v.  has  3  stores,  1  grist  m.,  several  saw  m., 
and  25  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.,  4  stores, 
cap.  $2,750 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m., 
12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $24,800.  17  sch. 
604  scholars.     Pop.  2,833. 

Castine,  p-t.,  and  seaport,  Hancock  co.,  Me., 
34  s.  Bangor,  122  e.  n.  e.  Portland,  75  e.  Augus- 
ta, 671  W.  The  v.  is  on  a  peninsula,  on  the 
E.  side  of  Penobscot  bay,  opposite  to  Belfast. 
Settled  by  the  French  in  1667,  by  the  English 
in  1760.  It  has  a  spacious  and  excellent  harbor, 
accessible  at  all  seasons  of  the  year,  and  capa- 
ble of  receiving  ships  of  the  largest  class.  It  is 
a  neat  and  pleasant  village.  It  might  easily  be 
fortified,  so  as  to  make  it  a  place  of  immense 
strength  ;  but  the  British  had  possession  of  it  in 
the  revolutionary,  and  late  war.  Its  back 
country  is  not  extensive  ;  but  it  has  considerable 
trade  in  lumber,  and  employs  considerable  ship- 
ping in  the  coasting  trade  and  the  fisheries. 
There  are  in  the  t.,  27  stores,  cap.  $97,400, 
$10,200  invested  in  the  fisheries ;  2  tanneries,  1 
grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,050.  7  sch.  406 
scholars.     Pop.  1,188. 

Castle  Craig,  p-o.,  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  136  w. 
by  s.  Richmond,  214  W. 

Castle  Fin,  p-o.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  55  s.  Harris- 
burg, 85  W. 

Castleman's,  r.,  Pa.,  the  e.  branch  of  Youghi- 
ogeny  r.  It  is  a  rapid  stream,  with  many  falls. 
1  he  Baltimore  and  Ohio  railroad  will  pass  along 
its  banks. 

Castleton,  p-t.,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  10  w. 
Rutland,  14  e.  Whitehall,  74  s.  s.  w.  Montpelier, 
450  W.  The  surface  consists  of  hills  and  val- 
leys; soil  generally  good,  and  particularly  on 
the  streams.  Watered  by  Castleton  r.  In  the 
w.  part  is  Lake  Bombazine,  mostly  in  this  t.,  8 
ms.  long,  and  2£  broad,  at  the  greatest  breadth, 
containing  a  beautiful  island  of  10  acres.  The 
outlet  furnishes  good  mill  seats.  The  v.  is 
pleasantly  situated  on  Castleton  r.  Its  public 
buildings  are  2  churches,  1  Congregational,  and 
1  Methodist,  the  Rutland  co.  grammar  school, 


CAT 


109 


CAT 


and  2  buildings  of  the  Vermont  academy  of  me- 
dicine. The  latter  was  founded  in  1818,  and  in 
1819  was  connected  with  Middlebury  college, 
through  which  its  degrees  are  conferred,  either 
at  Middlebury  or  at  Castleton.  It  has  5  profes- 
sors, 57  students,  and  514  graduates.  The  lec- 
tures commence  on  the  2d  Thursday  in  March. 
The  t.  has  1  furnace,  6  stores,  1  grist  m.,  7  saw 
m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  acad.  190  students,  10  sch.  596 
scholars.     Pop.  1,769. 

Castleton,  p-v.,  Schodack  t.,  Rensselaer 
co.,  N.  Y.,  8  s.  by  e.  Albany,  362  W.  Situated 
on  the  E.  bank  of  Hudson  r.  Incorporated  in 
1827.  It  has  a  Methodist  church,  5  stores,  3 
store  houses,  6  brick  yards,  50  dwellings,  and  about 
350  inhabitants.  It  has  5  sloops  employed  on 
ther. 

Castleton,  t.,  Richmond  co.,  N.  Y.,  155  s. 
Albany.  It  is  situated  on  the  n.  end  of  Staten 
Island.  It  contains  the  villages  of  Tompkinsville 
and  New  Brighton.  The  surface  of  the  t.  is  hilly 
and  broken,  but  the  soil  is  generally  fertile,  and 
well  cultivated.  It  has  25  stores,  cap.  $30,800 ; 
1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $10,000  :  1  tannery,  5  flouring 
m.,  2  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $238,405.  11 
sch.  520  scholars.     Pop.  2,263. 

Castor,  t.,  Madison  co.,  Mo.  It  has  2  sch.  45 
scholars.    Pop.  624. 

Caswell,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  ana  contains  400  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Dan  r.  and  its  branches.  The  soil  is  pro- 
ductive, and  the  climate  healthy.  Capital,  Yan- 
ceyville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,836, 
sheep  10,075,  swine  26,787  ;  wheat  78,682  bush, 
produced,  rye  2,890,  Ind.  corn  509,480,  oats 
121,885,  potatoes  15,528,  tobacco  3,665,842  pounds, 
cotton  82,649  ;  22  stores,  cap.  $206,500  ;  1  cotton 
fac.  1,008  sp.,  6  tanneries,  14  distilleries,  6  flour- 
ing m.,  21  grist  m.,  16  saw  m.,  4  oil  m.,  1  print- 
ing office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $134,630.  4  acad.  109  students,  16  sch.  307 
scholars.  Pop.  1830, 15,188  ;  1840,  whites  7,343, 
slaves  7,024,  free  col'd  326  ;  total,  14,693. 

Catawba,  p-o.,  Chester  dist.,  S.  C.,  62  n.  Co- 
lumbia, 456  W. 

Catahoola,  parish,  La.  Situated  toward  the 
N.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  2,100  sq. 
ms.  It  has  Tensas  r.  on  its  e.  border,  and  Wa- 
chita  r.,  and  Macon  and  Boeuff  Bayous,  pass 
through  it.  The  E.  part  is  liable  to  be  overflow- 
ed ;  but  in  the  w.  part,  it  rises  into  moderate 
hills.  In  this  part,  the  water  is  good,  but  the 
land  is  sterile,  covered  mostly  with  pine  timber. 
On  the  streams,  where  it  is  not  overflowed,  the 
soil  is  fertile.  Capital,  Harrisonburg.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  13,138,  sheep  861,  swine 
19,931 ;  Ind.  corn  120,986  bush,  produced,  pota- 
toes 13,057,  cotton  2,499,400  pounds ;  5  stores, 
cap.  $31,600 ;  51  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $28,250.  1  acad.  50  students,  5  sch. 
103  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 2,581 ;  1840,  whites  2,935, 
slaves  1,998,  free  col'd  22  ;  total,  4,955. 

Catahoola,  river,  La.,  rises  in  Claiborne  par., 
and  enters  a  lake  on  the  s.  part  of  Catahoola 
parish ;  and  after  passing  through  it,  emerges  a 
river,  which  enters  Wachita  r.  This  lake,  which 
is  of  considerable  dimensions,  is  filled  at  high 
water,  and  drained  nearly  or  quite  dry,  when  the 
r.  is  low. 

Catawba,  r.    (See  Santee  r.) 

Catawba,  p-o.,  Clark  co.,  O.,  34  w.  Columbus, 
427  W. 

Catawba  Creek,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.C.,  188 
w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  427  W. 

Catawba  Springs,  p-v.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.  C, 
158  w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  395  W. 

Catawba  View,  p-o.,  Caldwell  co.,  N.  C,  173 


w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  410  W.  Situated  on  the  s. 
side  of  Catawba  r. 

Catawissa,  p-t.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  81  n.  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  191  W.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the 
Susquehanna  r.,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Catawissa 
cr.  The  Little  Schuylkill  and  Catawissa  rail- 
road passes  through  it.  It  has  2  furnaces  and  2 
forges,  3  stores,  cap.  $25,000  ;  2  tanneries,  1  pa- 
per fac,  2  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $24,425.  1  acad.  50  students,  7  sch. 
228  scholars.     Pop.  2,064. 

Catawissa  Forge,  p-v.,  Catawissa  t.,  Colum- 
bia co.,  Pa.,  87  n.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  197  W. 

Catawissa  Valley,  p-o.,  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa., 
87  Harrisburg,  197  W. 

Catfish,  p-o.,  Marion  dist.,  S.  C,  138  e.  Co- 
lumbia, 431  VV. 

Catharines,  p-t.,  Chemung  co.,  N.  Y.,  16  n. 
Elmira,  182  w.  by  s.  Albany,  295  W.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly ;  soil,  clay,  loam,  and  gravelly. 
Drained  by  Catharines  cr.,  which  flows  into 
Seneca  lake.  Cayuta  cr.,  in  the  N.  part  of  the 
t.,  flows  into  the  Susquehanna  r.  In  the  v.  there 
are  2  churches — 1  Episcopal  and  1  Methodist— -2 
stores,  1  tannery,  and  about  20  dwellings.  Pop. 
of  the  t.  2,424.  It  has  1  furnace  ;  20  stores,  cap. 
$62,550 ;  1  tannery,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper,  1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  ra. 
Cap.  m  manufac.  $65,770.     12  sch.  680  scholars. 

Cathey's  Creek,  p-o.,  Buncombe  co.,  N.  C, 
294  w.  Raleigh,  524  W. 

Catlettsburg,  p-v.,  Greenup  co.,  Ky.,  150  e. 
n.  e.  Frankfort,  410  W.  It  is  on  the  Ohio  r.,  be- 
low the  mouth  of  Big  Sandy  r.,  in  the  extreme  n. 
e.  part  of  the  state.  It  contains  only  2  or  3  houses. 

Catlin,  t.,  Chemung  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  n.  Elmira, 
190  w.  s.  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil, 
gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  Catharine's  cr.  on 
the  n.,  and  by  tributaries  of  Chemung  r.  s.  It 
has  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,750.  3  sch. 
92  scholars.     Pop.  1,119. 

Cato,  p-t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y.,  13  n.  Auburn, 
163  w.  by  n.  Albany,  349  W.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  the  soil,  a  fertile  sandy  loam.  It 
has  several  swamps  and  small  lakes.  Seneca  r., 
which  flows  through  its  s.  part,  enters  and  passes 
through  Cross  lake  in  its  s.  e.  part.  The  v.  has 
1  church,  2  stores,  and  about  25  dwellings.  Pop. 
of  the  t.  2,380.  It  has  1  furnace,  3  stores,  cap. 
$15,700  ;  1  tannery,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$4,180.   1  acad.  17  students,  13  sch.  872  scholars. 

Cato,  p-o.,  Clay  co.,  III.,  126  Springfield,  752  W. 

Cato  Four  Corners,  p-o.,  Cato  t.,  Cayuga 
co.,  N.  Y.,  165  w.  by  n.  Albany,  351  W. 

Catonsville,  p-v.,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  36 
N.  Annapolis,  46  W. 

Caton,  t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  25  s.  e.  Bath, 
216  w.  s.  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil, 
gravelly  loam.  Watered  by  tributaries  of  Che- 
mung r.,  which  afford  water  power.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $8,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1 
grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,440.  5 
sch.  237  scholars.    Pop.  797. 

Catron,  p-o.,  Lawrence  co.,  Tenn.,73  s.  s.  w. 
Nashville,  750  W. 

Catskill,  p-t.,  capital  of  Greene  co.,  N.  Y.,34 
s.  Albany,  336  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
mountainous  on  the  w.,  but  level  toward  the 
Hudson  r.,  which  washes  its  e.  border.  The  soil 
is  clay,  sand,  and  loam,  underlaid  with  slate, 
limestone,  and  graywacke.  Drained  by  Cats- 
kill  cr.  and  its  tributaries.  The  v.  is  pleasantly 
situated  on  both  sides  of  Catskill  cr.,  near  its 
junction  with  the  Hudson  river.  Incorporated  in 
1806.  It  has  a  court  house,  a  jail,  5  churches— 1 
Presbyterian,  1  Dutch  Reformed,  1  Episcopal,  1 
Baptist,  1  Methodist— 2  banking  houses,  20  stores, 


CAU 


110 


CAY 


20  groceries,  2  bookstores,  various  mechanic 
establishments,  2  furnaces,  1  brewery,  400  dwel- 
lings, and  2,800  inhabitants.  Pop.  of  the  t.  5,339. 
There  are  owned  here  1  steamboat,  4  barges,  and 
several  sloops,  employed  between  this  place  and 
New  York  city.  A  ferry  here  crosses  the  Hud- 
son. The  Catskill  and  Canajoharie  railroad  com- 
mences here,  and  is  finished  and  in  operation  26 
miles  of  the  distance.  The  t.  has  34  stores,  cap. 
$130,200:  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $10,000 ;  2  com. 
houses,  cap.  $73,780  ;  3  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
2  furnaces,  2  tanneries,  1  powder  m.,  2  printing 
offices,  1  bindery,  2  weekly  newspapers,  1  flour- 
ing m.,  4  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$162,700.     19  sch.  541  scholars. 

Pine  Orchard,  a  favorite  summer  resort,  is 
situated  on  the  brow  of  the  Catskill  mountains, 
in  the  s.  k.  part  of  the  town,  where  is  a  large  and 
commodious  hotel,  called  the  "  Mountain  House," 
elevated  2,212  feet  above  the  Hudson  r.,  and 
commanding  a  very  extensive  and  beautiful  view 
of  the  Hudson  r.,  and  the  country  to  the  e.,  ex- 
tending to  the  Green  mountain  range,  in  Massa- 
chusetts and  Vermont.  Nowhere  can  more  wild 
and  romantic  scenery  be  found  than  at  this  spot. 
A  little  to  the  w.  of  the  hotel  are  2  ponds,  the 
outlets  of  which  unite,  and  proceed  by  falls  and 
rapids,  in  a  deep  ravine,  to  the  plain  below.  The 
first  fall  is  180  feet  perpendicular,  and  within  a 
short  distance  is  a  second  fall  of  about  80  feet. 
By  a  circuitous  path  the  traveller  can  pass  down 
and  go  under  the  rock,  and  behind  the  water  of 
the  first  fall,  which  presents  a  singular  and  in- 
teresting view.  The  spectator  in  this  mountain 
eyrie  often  sees  thunder  storms  discharging  them- 
selves on  the  valley  beneath  him,  while  he  en- 
joys a  clear  sky.  A  road  is  constructed  from  the 
steamboat  landing  on  the  Hudson,  on  which 
stages  constantly  run  for  the  transportation  of 
travellers,  to  and  from  the  Mountain  House, 
which  is  12  ms.  distant  from  Catskill  village. 

Catskill  Mountains,  N.  Y.,  rise  in  Ulster 
co.,  and  extending  through  Green  and  Schoharie 
counties,  bend,  in  crescent  form,  toward  the  Mo- 
hawk r.  Round  Top,  the  highest  peak,  measur- 
ed by  the  barometer,  is  3,804  feet  above  tide 
water,  and  a  second  peak  is  3,718  feet.  On  the 
E.  front  the  mountain  is  precipitous  ;  but  on  the 
w.  side,  the  descent  is  comparatively  gentle.  In 
these  mountains  the  bear,  the  wolf,  the  wildcat, 
and  the  deer,  are  still  to  be  found. 

Cattaraugus,  county,  N.  Y.,  situated  in  the 
w.  part  of  the  state,  contains  1,232  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  elevated.  Cattaraugus  cr.  and  its  tribu- 
taries flow  n.  into  Lake  Erie,  while  the  Allegha- 
ny r.  with  its  tributaries,  in  the  s.  part,  flows  to- 
ward the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and 
adapted  to  grazing.  Cattle  and  lumber  are  ex- 
tensively exported.  Peat,  marl,  bog  iron  ore, 
manganese  and  sulphur,  and  saline  springs  are 
found.  The  Genesee  Valley  canal  extends  from 
Rochester  to  Olean,  in  this  county,  and  the  New 
York  and  Erie  railroad  is  designed  to  pass  through 
it.  Capital,  Ellicottville.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  35,566,  sheep  66,525,  swine  22,533 ; 
wheat  127,665  bush,  produced,  rye  1,112,  Ind. 
corn  81,202,  buckwheat  8,377,  barley  10,134,  oats 
254,339,  potatoes  452,353,  hops  1,050  pounds,  sugar 
553,235  ;  59  stores,  cap.  $214,900  ;  6  fulling  m  . 

2  woollen  fac,  24  tanneries,  1  pottery,  1  distil- 
lery, 26  grist  m.,135  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2 
weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac  $495,425 

3  acad.  140  students,  189  sch.  7,722  scholars. 
Pop.  1830,  16,726  ;  1840,  28,872. 

Cauohnawaga,  v.,  Mohawk  t.,  Montgomery 
N.  Y.    Situated  on  the  n.  side  of  Mohawk 


co 

r.,  connected  with  Fulton  v.,  opposite,  by  a  toll- 1  its  tributaries."  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $6,000 


bridge.  It  contains  1  Dutch  Reformed  church, 
erected  in  1766,  2  stores,  30  dwellings,  and  about 
200  inhabitants. 

Cauleysville,  p-v.,  Covington  co.,  Ala.,  199 
s.  s.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  895  W. 

Cavehill,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  271  e. 
Nashville,  450  W. 

Cavendish,  p-t.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  74  s.  Mont- 
pelier,  466  W.  Watered  by  Black  r.  and  Twen- 
ty Mile  stream.  At  the  falls  on  Black  r.  the 
channel  of  the  r.  has  been  worn  down  100  feet 
deep,  and  rocks  of  very  large  dimensions  have 
been  undermined  and  thrown  down  one  upon 
another.  First  settled  in  1769.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $25,000  ;  13  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  4  tan- 
neries, 2  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$94,250.     17  sch.  426  scholars.    Pop.  1,427. 

Cave  Spiung,  p-o.,  Floyd  co.,  Ga.,  178  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  689  W. 

Cave  Spring,  p-o.,  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  54  s.  s. 
w.  Nashville,  730  W. 

Cave  Spring,  p-o.,  Pulaski  co.,  Mo.,  115  s 
Jefferson  city,  1,030  W. 

Cave  town,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Md.,  107  N. 
w.  Annapolis,  77  W. 

Cayuga,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  centrally  in 
the  N.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  648  sq.  ms. 
It  extends  «.  to  Lake  Ontario.  It  has  a  produc- 
tive soil,  and  is  well  watered.  It  has  salt  springs, 
which  were  formerly  worked,  and  are  second  in 
the  state  only  to  those  of  Onondaga.  Gypsum  is 
also  found,  and  several  sulphur  springs.  Owasco 
lake  lies  in  the  centre  of  the  co.,  and  Cayuga 
lake  on  its  w.  border,  and  Skeneateles  lake  on 
its  e.  border.  Seneca  r.  flows  through  it.  The 
Erie  canal  and  the  Western  railroad  pass  through 
it.  Capital,  Auburn.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  45,516,  sheep  188,152,  swine  63,153 ;  wheat 
578,436  bush,  produced,  rye  3,321,  Ind.  corn. 
568,011,  buckwheat  40,669,  barley  81,440,  oats 
527,038,  potatoes  687,305,  hops  2,615  pounds,  sugar 
206,545 ;  3,250  bush,  salt  produced ;  3  commis- 
sion houses  in  for.  trade.,  cap.  $7,000  ;  165  stores, 
cap.  $784,547 ;  7  lumber  yards,  cap.  $16,800  ;  7 
furnaces,  22  fulling  m.,  8  woollen  fac,  2  cotton 
fac  6,184  sp.,  1  dyeing  and  print  establishment,  29 
tanneries,  4  distilleries,  1  brewery,  1  rope  fac, 
9  flouring  m.,  42  grist  m.,  112  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  2 
paper  fac,  4  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  1  daily, 
3  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$1,304,375.  1  college,  48  students,  8  acad.  601 
students,  311  sch.  16,243  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 
47,948 ;  1840,  50,338. 

Cayuga  Lake,  N.  Y.,  lies  between  Seneca 
and  Tompkins  counties,  is  40  ms.  long,  and  from 
1  to  3i  broad.  It  is  very  deep,  and  has  fine  fish. 
A  steamboat  passes  through  it  from  Cayuga 
bridge  to  Ithaca,  calling  at  the  intermediate  places. 
Its  shores  are  highly  cultivated.  Its  outlet  flows 
into  Seneca  r. 

Cayuga,  p-v.,  Aurelius  t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y., 
162  w.  by  n.  Albany,  339  W.  It  is  situated  on 
the  N.  E.  part  of  Cayuga  lake,  and  contains  3 
stores,  1  church,  50  dwellings,  and  about  300  in- 
habitants. Here  is  a  bridge  across  Cayuga  lake 
over  a  mile  in  length,  and  a  railroad  bridge,  still 
longer.  A  steamboat  runs  from  this  place  to 
Ithaca,  at  the  head  of  the  lake,  40  miles. 

Cayuga,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  100  w.  De- 
troit, 570  W 

Cayuga,  p-o.,  Hinds  co.,  Miss.,  37  s.  w.  Jack- 
son, 1,047  W. 

Cayuta,  p-t.,  Chemung  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  n.  e. 
Elmira,  188  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  289  W.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  and  broken,  and  the  natural  growth 
hemlock  and  pine.    Drained  by  Cayuta  cir  and 


CED 


111 


CEN 


tannery,  3  grist  m.,  7  saw.  Capital  in  man- 
ufactures, $11,580.  6  sch.  225  scholars.  Pop. 
835. 

Cazenovia,  p-t.,  Madison co.,  N.  Y.,  113  w.  by 
N.  Albany,  348  W.  The  surface  is  elevated  and 
undulating;  and  the  soil,  a  fertile  gravelly  loam. 
Watered  by  Cazenovia  lake  and  Chittenango  cr., 
which  flows  n.  into  Oneida  lake.  It  has  16  stores, 
cap.  $62,370;  5  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  6  tan- 
neries, 2  distilleries,  1  paper  fac,  4  printing  offi- 
ces, 1  bindery,  1  weekly  newspaper,  2  periodicals, 
6  grist  m.,  16  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$236,905.  1  acad.  399  students,  32  sch.  1,117 
scholars.     Pop.  4,153. 

Cazenovia,  p-o.,  Cook  co.,  111.,  215  n.  e.  by  n. 
Springfield,  728  W. 

Cearcy,  t.,  Phillips  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  359. 

Cecil,  county,  Md.,  situated  in  the  n.  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  264  sq.  ms.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating,  and  the  soil  moderately  good. 
It  is  favorably  situated  for  commerce,  being  ac- 
cessible by  the  Chesapeake  bay,  which  bounds 
it  on  the  w.  The  Susquehanna  r.  runs  on  its 
vv.  border,  and  Elk  r.  penetrates  its  central  part. 
The  Chesapeake  and  Delaware  canal  passes 
through  it.  Capital,  Elkton.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  9,779,  sheep  8,936,  swine  13,854; 
wheat  107,238  bush,  produced,  rye  1,802,  Ind. 
corn  276,621,  buckwheat  6,480,  oats  254,891,  po- 
tatoes 40,734,  hops  583  pounds ;  71  stores,  cap. 
$  141,675 ;  5  lumber  yards,  cap.  $17,000 ;  5  forges, 
3  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  2  cotton  fac.  124  sp., 
5  tanneries,  1  pottery,  1  flouring  m.,  27  grist  m., 
35  saw  m.,  5  paper  fac,  2  printing  offices,  2 
weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $109,838. 
3  acad.  107  students,  29  sch.  1,050  scholars.  Pop. 
1830,  15,432 ;  1840,  whites  13,329,  slaves  1,352, 
free  col'd  2,551 ;  total,  17,232. 

Ceciltown,  p-v.,  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  78  n.  e.  An- 
napolis, 112  W. 

Cecil,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  10  n.  e.  Wash- 
ington, Pa.  The  surface  is  various ;  soil,  loam. 
Coal  is  abundant.  Miller's  branch  of  Chartiers 
cr.  passes  through  it.  It  contains  a  Presbyterian 
church.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $6,000 ;  3  flouring 
m.,  3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$8,000  ;  3  sch.  105  scholars.    Pop.  1,027. 

Cecil's  Tavern,  p-o.,  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md., 
30  n.  w.  Annapolis,  33  W. 

Cedar,  county,  Iowa,  situated  in  the  central 
part  of  the  Ter.  Watered  by  Cedar  cr.  and  its 
branches,  Rock  run,  Rock  cr.,  and  Sugar  cr. 
Wabesipinica  r.  passes  through  its  n.  e.  corner. 
Capital,  Tipton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
1,274,  sheep  328,  swine  345 ;  wheat  14,464  bush, 
produced,  Ind.  corn  49,317,  oats  12,120,  potatoes 
8,731,  sugar  13,529  pounds  ;  3  stores,  cap.  $1,500 ; 
2  flouring  m.,  5  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.     Pop.  1,253. 

Cedar,  t.,  Boone  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  3,313. 

Cedar,  t.,  Callaway  co.,  Mo.  It  has  2  sch. 
50  scholars.    Pop.  1,896. 

Cedar,  p-o.,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  59  w.  by  n. 
Detroit,  562  W. 

Cedar  Bluff,  p-v.,  capital  of  Cherokee  co., 
Ala.,  152  n.  E.  Tuscaloosa,  677  W. 

Cedar  Branch,  p-o.,  Campbell  co.,  Ga. 

Cedar  Creek,  t.,  Cooper  co.,  Mo.  It  has  2 
sch.  42  scholars.    Pop.  664. 

Cedar  Creek,  p-o.,  Monmouth  co.,  N.  J.,  46 
s.  e.  Trenton,  207  W. 

Cedar  Creek,  p-v.  and  hundred,  Sussex  co., 
Del.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $6,500 ;  10  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.,  2  sch.  27  scholars.    Pop.  2,420. 

Cedar  Creek,  p-o.,  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  158  n. 
n.  w.  Richmond,  86  W. 

Cedar  Creek,  p-o.,  Richland  dist.,  S.  C,  14 
E.  Columbia,  514  W. 


Cedar  Creek,  p-o.,  Dooly  co.,  Ga.,  103  s.  8. 
w.  Milledgeville,  760  W. 

Cedar  Creek,  p-o.,  Owen  co.,  Ky.,  17  n. 
Frankfort,  559  W. 

Cedar  Creek,  t.,  Allen  co.,  la.  It  has  1  sch., 
35  scholars.    Pop.  189. 

Cedar  Creek,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  253 
E.  Nashville,  451  W. 

Cedar  Creek,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  111.,  127  n. 
w.  Springfield,  857  W. 

Cedar  Creek,  p-o.,  Lowndes  co.,  Miss.,  143 
N.  E.  Jackson,  897  W. 

Cedar  Creek  Mills,  p-o.,  Stephenson  co., 
111.,  206  n.  Springfield,  838  W. 

Cedar  Grove,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C,  48  n. 
w.  Raleigh,  284  W. 

Cedar  Grove,  p-o.,  Union  dist.,  S.  C,  76  n.  w. 
Columbia,  470  W. 

Cedar  Grove,  p-o.,  Wilson  co-  Tenn.,  25  e. 
Nashville,  659  W. 

Cedar  Grove,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Ala.,  95  N. 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  749  W. 

Cedar  Grove,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  la.,  76  e.  s. 
e.  Indianapolis,  521  W. 

Cedar  Grove  Mills,  p-o.,  Rockbridge  co., 
Va.,  153  w.  Richmond,  195  W.  It  contains  2 
stores,  and  1  flouring  m. 

Cedar  Hill,  p-o.,  Bethlehem  t.,  Albany  co., 
N.  Y.,  8  s.  by  w.  Albany,  363  W. 

Cedar  Hill,  p-o.,  Anson  co.,  N.  C,  155  s.  w. 
Raleigh,  400  W. 

Cedar  Lake,  p-o.,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  110  w. 
Detroit,  575  W. 

Cedar  Lake,  p-o.,  Lake  co.,  la. 

Cedar  Lawn,  p-o.,  Lunenburg  co.,  Va.,  104  s. 
w.  Richmond,  220  W. 

Cedar  Plains,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  Ala.,  124  N. 
N.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  747  W. 

Cedar  River,  p-o.,  Cedar  co.,  Iowa. 

Cedar  Shoals,  p-o.,  Chester  dist.,  S.  C,  57  N. 
Columbia,  450  W. 

Cedar  Spring,  p-o.,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa. 

Cedar  Springs,  p-o.,  Spartanburg  dist.,  S.  C, 
96  n.  w.  Columbia,  477  W. 

Cedar  Swamp,  p-v.,  Oyster  Bay  t.,  Queens 
co.,  N.  Y.,  173  s.  by  e.  Albany,  253  W. 

Cedartown,  p-v.,  capital  of  Paulding  co.,  Ga., 
151  n.  w.  Milledgeville,  691  W.  Situated  on  the 
N.  side  of  Tallapoosa  r.  It  contains  the  usual 
county  buildings. 

Cedar  Valley,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  O. 

Cedarville,  p-v.,  Litchfield  t.,  Herkimer  co., 
N.  Y.,  79  w.  by  n.  Albany,  333  W.  It  has  2 
churches,  2  stores,  1  tannery,  and  a  number  of 
dwellings. 

Cedarville,  p-v.,  Fairfield  t,  Cumberland 
co.,  N.  J.,  75  s.  by  w.  Trenton,  186  W.  It  is 
pleasantly  situated  on  Cedar  cr.,  4  ms.  from  its 
mouth.  It  has  1  store,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  an 
extensive  button  fac,  and  60  dwellings.  It  has 
some  trade  in  wood  and  lumber. 

Cedarville,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Va.,  297 
w.  by  s.  Richmond,  365  W. 

Celina,  p-v.,  capital  of  Mercer  co.,  O.,  127  w. 
n.  w.  Columbus,  507  W.  Situated  on  the  N.  of 
the  Grand  Reservoir  of  the  Miami  canal,  which 
will  be  10  ms.  long  and  5  broad,  when  completed. 
It  has  a  court  house,  1  Presbyterian  church,  3 
stores,  75  dwellings,  and  about  500  inhabitants. 

Celina,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Tenn.,  91  e.  Nash- 
ville, 630  W. 

Centennary  College,  p-o.,  Rankin  county, 
Miss. 

Central,  t.,  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.  It  has  5  sch. 
135  scholars.    Pop.  1,924. 

Central,  p-o.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  118  N.  by  e 
Harrisburg,  228  W. 


CEN 


112 


CEN 


"Central  Bridge,  p-o.,  Schoharie  t.,  Schoharie 
co.  N.  Y.,  32  w.  Albany,  388  W. 

Central  SaUARE,  p-o.,  Hastings  t.,  Oswego 
co    N.  Y.,  144  w.  N.  w.  Albany,  365  W. 

Central  Plains,  p-o.,  Fluvanna  co.,  Va. 

Central  Point,  p-o.,  Caroline  co.,  Va. 

Central  Village,  p-v.,  Windham  co.,  Ct 
43  e.  Hartford,  374  W.     Situated  on  the  Norwich 
and  Worcester  railroad. 

Centre,  p-t.,  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  36  n.  w.  Hamsburg, 
124  W.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $20,300  ;  2  furnaces, 
3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $22,725.  2  sch.  80  scholars.  Pop.  982. 

Centre,  county,  Pa.,  situated  in  the  central 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,560  sq.  ms.  It 
has  a  branch  of  the  Susquehanna  river  on  the  w. 
and  is  drained  by  Bald  Eagle  and  Penn's  creeks. 
The  surface  is  rocky  and  mountainous,  and  the 
soil  is  indifferent,  excepting  on  the  streams,  where 
it  is  good.  It  produces  grain,  cattle,  lumber,  and 
iron.  Capital,  Bellefonte.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  15,494,  sheep  17,485,  swine  29,961 ; 
wheat  313,511  bush,  produced,  rye  141,045,  Ind. 
corn  204,122,  buckwheat  8,946,  barley  10,189,  oats 
228,601,  potatoes  107,547  ;  87,000  bush,  bitumin- 
ous coal  produced ;  48  stores,  cap.  $158,950 ;  7 
furnaces,  9  forges,  3  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  20 
tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  brewery,  2  potteries,  35 
grist  m.,  61  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2 
weekly  newspapers.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $173,000. 

2  acad.  53  students,  79  sch.  2,770  scholars.     Pop. 
1830,  18,879 ;  1840,  20,492. 

Centre,  t,  Green  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is 
hilly ;  soil,  loam.  Drained  by  Ten  Mile  cr.  and 
its  branches.  It  contains  the  v.  of  Clinton.  It 
has  2  stores,  cap.  $5,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  4  distille- 
ries, 3  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $11,815.    9  sch.  197  scholars.    Pop.  1,503. 

Centre  t.,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is 
hilly  ;  soil,  loam  and  clay.  Drained  by  Yellow 
and  Twolick  creeks,  which  flow  into  Blacklick  r. 
It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $900 ;  1  woollen  fac,  2  tan- 
neries, 4  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,150. 
1  acad.  33  students,  4  sch.  148  scholars.  Pop.  1,615. 

Centre,  t.,  Union  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is  di- 
versified ;  soil,  partly  calcareous  loam.  Drained 
by  Penn's,  and  Little  Mahonialy,  or  Middle  crs. 
It  contains  the  villages  of  Middleburg  and  Cen- 
treville.    It  has  5  stores,  cap.  20,000 ;  3  tanneries, 

3  distilleries,  1  pottery,  3  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  1  oil 
m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,600.    Pop.  1,891. 

Centre,  p-o.,  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  106  s.  w.  Frank- 
fort, 629  W. 

Centre,  p-o.,  Guilford  co.,  N.  C,  88  w.  N.  w. 
Raleigh,  313  W. 

Centre,  p-o.,  Talbot  co.,  Ga.,  87  w.  s.  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  731  W. 

Centre,  p-o.,  Delaware  co.,  O.,  32  n.  Colum- 
bus, 402  W. 

Centre,  t.,  Wood  co.,  O.  It  has  2  sch.  49  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  98. 

Centre,  t.,  Morgan  co.,  O.  It  has  3  grist  m., 
1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,625.  7  sch.  209 
scholars.    Pop.  1,171. 

Centre,  t.,  Williams  co.,  O.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $1,300 ;  1  sch.  24  scholars.    Pop.  339. 

Centre,  p-t.,  Grant  co.,  la.,  67  n.  n.  e.  Indian- 
apolis, 563  W. 

Centre,  t,  Monroe  co.,  O.  It  has  3  sch.  71 
scholars.    Pop.  1,740. 

Centre,  t.,  Mercer  co.,  O.    Pop.  159. 

Centre,  t.,  Guernsey  co.,  O.,  situated  a  little 
E.  of  Cambridge,  on  the  national  road.  It  has  4 
sch.  104  scholars.     Pop.  1,159. 

Centre,  t.,  Carroll  co.,  O.  It  contains  Carroll- 
ton  v.,  the  capital  of  the  co.  It  has  3  sch.  66  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  441. 


Centre,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  O.  It  has  1  sch.  13 
scholars.    Pop.  132. 

Centre,  t.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.  It  contains 
the  v.  of  New  Lisbon,  the  capital  of  the  co.  The 
Little  Beaver  r.  runs  through  the  t.,  and  also  the 
Sandy  and  Beaver  canal.     Pop.  3,197. 

Centre,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  la.  It  has  8  stores, 
cap.  $41,725 ;  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $13,900.  2  sch.  60  scholars.  Pop.  722. 

Centre,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  la.  It  has  1  acad.  75 
students,  10  sch.  318  scholars.     Pop.  3,058. 

Centre,  t.,  Marion  co.,  la.    (See  Indianapolis.) 

Centre  Almond,  p-o.,  Almond  t.,  Alleghany 
co.,  N.  Y.,  250  w.  by  s.  Albany,  325  W. 

Centre  Barnstead,  p-o.,  Barnstead  t.,  Bel- 
knap co.,  N.  H.,  21  n.  E.  Concord,  502  W. 

Centre  Belphri,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  O., 
110  e.  s.  e.  Columbus,  311  W. 

Centre  Berlin,  p-o.,  Berlin  t.,  Rensselaer  co., 
N.  Y.,  28  e.  Albany,  385  W. 

Centreburg,  p-v.,  Liberty  t.,  Knox  co.,  O.,  36 
N.  e.  Columbus,  391  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side 
of  the  N.  Fork  of  Licking  r.  It  contains  1  store 
and  12  dwellings. 

Centre  Cambridge,  p-o.,  Cambridge  t.,  Wash- 
ington co.,  N.  Y.,  39  n.  n.  e.  Albany,  409  W. 

Centre  Conway,  p-o.,  Conway  t.,  Carroll  co., 
N.  II.,  72  n.  n.  w.  Concord,  556  W 

Centre  Farmington,  p-o.,  Farmington  town, 
Trumbull  co.,  O.,  169  n.  e.  Columbus,  317  W. 

Centrefield,  p-v.,  Canandaigua  t.,  Ontario 
co.,  N.  Y.,  199  w.  by  n.  Albany,  345  W.  It  con- 
tains 1  Presbyterian  and  1  Episcopal  church,  1 
store,  and  20  dwellings. 

Centre  Gorham,  p-o.,  Gorham  t.,  Ontario  co., 
N.  Y.,  201  w.  by  n.  Albany,  335  W. 

Centre  Groton,  Groton  t.,  New  London  co., 
Ct.,  48  s.  e.  Hartford,  353  W. 

Centre  Grove,  p-o.,  Leake  co.,  Miss.,  58  n. 
e.  Jackson,  973  W. 

Centre  Harbor,  p-t.,  Belknap  co.,  N.  H.,  41 
N.  Concord,  522  W.  It  has  Winnipiseogee  lake 
on  the  s.  E.  border,  and  Squam  lake  on  the  N.  w. 
The  surface  is  varied,  and  the  soil  generally  a 
fertile  loam.  First  settled  in  1765.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $1,500;  2sawm.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $142,575. 
6  sch.  211  scholars.    Pop.  579. 

Centre  Hill,  p-v.,  Bucks  county,  Pa.,  Ill  e. 
Harrisburg,  173  W. 

Centre  Independence,  p-o.,  Independence  t., 
Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y .,  270  w.  by  s.  Albany,  306  W. 

Centre  Lebanon,  p-o.,  Lebanon  t.,  York  co., 
Me.,  91  s.  w.  Augusta,  513  W. 

Centre  Lincolnville,  p-o.,  Lincolnville  t., 
Waldo  co.,  Me.,  44  E.  s.  E.  Augusta,  633  W. 

Centre  Line,  p-o.,  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  105  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  174  W. 

Centre  Minot,  p-o.,  Minot  t.,  Cumberland  co., 
Me.,  41  s.  w.  Augusta,  582  W. 

Centre  Montville,  p-o.,  Montville  t.,  Wal- 
do co.,  Me.,  32  e.  by  n.  Augusta,  628  W. 

Centre  Moreland,  p-v.,  Luzeme  co.,  Pa., 
136  n.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  245  W. 

Centre  Ossipee,  p-o.,  Ossipee  t.,  Carroll  co., 
N.  H.,  57  n.  by  e.  Concord,  533  W. 

Centre  Point,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Ky.,  143  s. 
s.  w.  Frankfort,  656  W. 

Centre  Port,  p-v.,  Huntington  t.,  Suffolk  co., 
N.  Y.,  192  s.  s.  e.  Albany,  272  W.  Situated  on 
Great  Cow  Harbor,  and  contains  1  church,  2 
stores,  1  mill,  and  15  or  20  dwellings. 

Centreport,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  16  s.  w. 
Detroit,  540  W. 

Centre  Sandwich,  p-o.,  Sandwich  t,  Carroll 
co.,  N.  H,  51  n.  Concord,  532  W. 

Centre  Sherman,  p-o.,  Sherman  t.,  Chau- 
tauque  co.,  N.  Y.,  358  w.  by  s.  Albany,  342  W. 


CEN 


113 


CHA 


Centre  Sidney,  p-o.,  Sidney  t., Kennebec  co., 
Me.,  12  n.  Augusta,  607  W. 

Centre  Strafford,  p-o.,  Strafford  t.,  and  co., 
N.  H.,  29  n.  k.  Concoid,  510  \V. 

Centretown,  p-o.,  fiercer  co.,  Pa.,  225  w.  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  272  W. 

Centre  Village,  p-v.,  Camden  co.,  Ga. 

Centreville,  p-v.,  Barnstable  t.,  Barnstable 
co.,  Ms.,  73  s.  e.  Boston,  476  W.  It  contains  a 
Congregational  church  and  several  dwellings. 

Centrevillk,  p-v.,  Warwick  t.,  Kent  co.,  K. 
I.,  11  s.  s.  w.  Providence,  397  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  Pawtuxet  r.  It  contains  a  Method- 
ist church,  2  cotton  fac,  several  stores  and  dwel- 
lings. 

Centreville,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y.,  265 
w.  by  s.  Albany,  342  W.  Phe  surface  is  undu- 
lating ;  soil,  argillaceous  mould,  adapted  equally 
to  grass  and  to  grain.  At  the  post-office  is  a  small 
v.  There  are  in  the  t.,  1  store,  cap.  $2,500 ;  2 
tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$6,250.     7  sch.  236  scholars.     Pop.  1,513. 

Centreville,  p-o.,  Hunterdon  co.,  N.  J.,  3S 
N.  Trenton,  192  W. 

Centreville,  v.,  Slippery  Rockt.,  Butler  co., 
Pa.,  contains  5  stores,  and  50  or  60  buildings, 
chiefly  of  brick. 

Centreville,  p-v.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  237  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  318  W. 

Centreville,  p-v.,  Washington  t,  Montgom- 
ery co.,  O.,  9  s.  by  e.  Dayton,  75  w.  s.  w.  Colum- 
bus, 468  W.  It  contains  3  churches,  3  stores, 
about  60  dwellings,  and  about  450  inhabitants. 
It  is  beautifully  situated  on  elevated  ground,  sur- 
rounded by  a  well  cultivated  country.  The  build- 
ings are  chiefly  constructed  of  stone,  quarried  on 
the  spot. 

Centreville,  p-v.,  capital  of  St.  Joseph  co., 
Mich.,  139  w.  s.  w.  Detroit,  587  W.  It  is  pleas- 
antly situated  on  Prairie  r.  It  has  a  court  house, 
jail,  3  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  a  print- 
ing office.  It  is  the  seat  of  one  of  the  branches 
of  the  University  of  Michigan. 

Centreville,  p-v.,  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  54 
N.  Dover,  127  W. 

Centreville,  v.,  Mt.  Pleasant  t.,  Wayne  co., 
Pa. 

Centreville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Queen  Anne 
co.,  Md.,  39  e.  by  n.  Annapolis,  79  W.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  a  jail,  a  Methodist  church,  an 
academy,  and  about  60  buildings. 

Centreville,  p-v.,  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  114  n. 
Richmond,  28  W.  It  occupies  an  elevated  and 
healthy  position,  with  fine  views  of  the  surround- 
ing country,  and  contains  a  Methodist  church,  3 
stores,  2  tanneries,  several  mechanics,  40  dwel- 
lings, and  240  inhabitants. 

Centreville,  p-v.,  Laurens  dist.,  S.  C,  91  n. 
w.  Columbia,  499  W. 

Centreville,  p-v.,  Wilkes  co.,  Ga.,  77  n.  n. 
E.  Milledgeville,  582  W. 

Centreville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Bibb  co.,  Ala., 
38  s.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  806  W.  Situated  on  the  e. 
side  of  Cahawba  r.,  at  the  lower  falls.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  and  several  stores  and  dwel- 
lings. 

Centreville,  p-v.,  Amitie  co.,Miss.,  117  s.  s. 
w.  Jackson,  1,117  W.  Situated  at  the  head  of 
Dawsons  cr.,  a  branch  of  Amitie  r. 

Centreville,  p-v.,  St.  Mary's  par.,  La.,  139 
w.  by  s.  New  Orleans,  1,111  W.  Situated  on  the 
s.  side  of  Bayou  Teche. 

Centreville,  p-v.,  Bourbon  co.,  Ky„  28  e. 
Frankfort,  515  W. 

Centreville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Hickman  co., 
Tenn.,  54  s.  w.  Nashville,  378  W.  Situated  on 
the  s.  side  of  Duck  cr.,  a  branch  of  Tennessee  r. 
15 


It  contains  a  court  bouse,  a  jail,  a  church,  and  sev- 
eral dwellings. 

Centreville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Wayne  co.,  la., 
62  e.  Indianapolis,  509  W.  Situated  on  the  E. 
side  of  W  lute- water  r.  It  contains  a  court  house 
and  several  stores  and  dwelling*. 

Centkkvili.i:,  |,,i,  Wabash  co.,  111.,  159s.  e. 
Springfield,  721  W. 

O:\tkf.  White  Creek,  p-v.,  White  Creek 
t.,  Washington  co.,  N.  Y.,  39  n.  e.  Albanv.  109 
W.  It  contains  1  Baptist  church,  1  store,  and  25 
or  30  dwellings,  not  very  compact. 

Ceres,  t.,  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  16  n.  w.,  Smith- 
port.  The  surface  is  rolling;  soil,  gravel  and 
loam.  Drained  by  Tunangwant,  Willow,  Su- 
gar, and  Kenjua  crs.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $(J,(H)0 ; 
1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,650. 
4  sch.  112  scholars.     Pop.  625. 

Cerestovvn,  p-v.,  Keating  t.,  McKean  co.,  Pa., 
198  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  303  W.  Situated  on  a 
branch  of  the  Alleghany  r.  It  contains  a  mill, 
and  6  or  8  dwellings. 

Cerulean  Springs,  p-v.,  Trigg  co.,  Ky.,  223 
s.  w.  by  w.  Frankfort,  11  n.  Cadiz,  the  capital  of 
the  co.,  747  W.  Situated  on  the  Muddy  Fork  of 
Little  r.  About  100  persons  resort  here  every 
season,  for  health  or  pleasure. 

Cessna,  t.,  Hardin  co.,  O.,  pop.  258. 

Chagrin  Falls,p-v.,  Orange  t.,  Cuyahoga  co., 
O.,  153  n.  E.  Columbus,  341  W.  It  contains  2 
churches,  1  paper  m.,  and  2  woollen  fac.  Pop.  200. 

Chalk  Level,  p-o.,  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  150 
s.  w.  Richmond,  233  W. 

Chalk  Level,  p-o.,  Cumberland  co.,  N.  C,  44 
s.  Raleigh,  332  W. 

Chalk  Level,  p-v.,  Humphreys  co.,  Tenn., 
70  w.  Nashville. 

Chalmers,  p-o.,  Niagara  t.,  Niagara  co.,  N.  Y., 
291  w.  by  n.  Albany,  410  W. 

Chamberland,  p-v.,  McNairy  co.,  Tenn.,  146 
s.  w.  by  w.  NashvUle,  823  W. 

Chambers,  county,  Ala.,  situated  in  the  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  700  sq.  ms.  The  Chat- 
tahoochee r.  washes  its  e.  border.  Surface,  un- 
dulating; soil,  fertile.  Capital,  La  Fayette.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  16,931,  sheep  5,588,  swine 
32,262 ;  wheat  42,651  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
419,135,  oats  14,124,  potatoes  17,192,  rice  3,600 
pounds,  tobacco  3,100,  cotton  513,037,  silk  cocoons 
200 ;  28  stores,  cap.  $133,100  ;  10  grist  m.,  14  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $50,700.  8  acad.  427  stu- 
dents, 21  sch.  680  scholars.  Pop.  whites  10,188, 
slaves  7,141,  free  col'd  4 ;  total,  17,333. 

Chambersburg,  p-b.,  capital  of  Franklin  co., 
Pa.,  45  s.  w.  Harrisburg,  90  W.  It  is  finely  sit- 
uated in  the  valley  of  Conecocheague  creek,  a 
branch  of  the  Potomac  r.  Founded  in  1764.  It 
has  a  court  house  of  brick,  which  cost  $50,000 ; 
the  county  offices,  a  fine  banking  house,  8  church- 
es— 1  Presbyterian,  2  German  Reformed,  1  Lu- 
theran, 1  Methodist,  1  United  Brethren,  1  Roman 
Catholic,  and  1  African  Methodist.  It  has  38 
stores,  cap.  $135,400;  1  tannery,  1  pottery,  1  pa- 
per fac,  1  cotton  fac,  1  woollen  fac,  1  oil  m.,  1 
edge  tool  fac,  2  flouring  m.,  in  one  of  which  straw 
paper  is  also  manufactured,  4  printing  offices,  one 
of  which  belongs  to  the  German  Reformed  church 
of  the  state,  4  weekly  and  1  serai-weekly  news- 
papers, an  insurance  company,  a  saving  fund  so- 
ciety, and  numerous  mechanic  and  manufactur- 
ing establishments.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $131,450. 
4  acad.  120  students,  6  sch.  205  scholars.  Pop. 
in  1840, 3,239  ;  1842,  4,030.  The  Conecocheague 
and  Falling  Spring  crs.  unite  in  the  borough,  and 
afford  good  water  power. 

Chambersburg,  p-v.,  Butler  t.,  Montgomery 
co.,  O.,  75  s.  w.  Columbus,  463  W. 


CIIA 


114 


CHA 


Tkvmkkksburg,  p-v.,  Pike  co.,  111,63  w.by  S. 

^H^BEKs^C.l:,  or  La  Fayette,  p-v.,  capital 
of cKerVco,  Ala  164  e.  by  s.  Tuscan, 
769  W.    It  contains  the  court  house,  and  a  lew 

dtoLs  Mills,  p-o.,  Buckingham  co.,  Va., 
81  w.  Richmond,  155  W.  ,.     nn    n  iv 

Chambersburg,  v.  West  t,  Columbia  co,  O.  Vt. 

PoP-82-  .„.„   nv     Bradford  co     Va.,  156  islands,  and  the  peninsula  of  Albury,  constitute 

Chamblissburg,  p-v,_tfradlora  co,   'd,'      |  ^^  ^  „nnnt£  Vermont.     This  lake  was  dis- 


hall,  N.  Y,  to  the  45°  n.  lat.  116  miles,  and  ex- 
tends about  4  miles  further  into  Canada,  making 
its  whole  length  120  miles.  It  is  navigated  to  St. 
John's,  Canada,  20  miles  from  the  line.  Its 
breadth  is  from  half  a  mile  to  10  miles ;  but  in- 
cluding the  expanse  which  contains  its  large 
islands,  it  is  15  ms.  wide.  Its  broadest  part,  un- 
obstructed by  islands,  is  opposite  to  Burlington, 
Vt.  Its  chief  islands  are  North  Hero,  South 
Hero,  and  La  Motte,  which,  with  some  smaller 


Ky, 


w.  by  s.  Richmond,  231  W. 

Chameleon  Springs,  p-o,  Edmonson  co. 
135  s.  w.  Frankfort,  658  W. 

Champaign,  county,  O.  Situated  toward  the 
w  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  464  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  generally  level,  m  some  parts  roll- 
ine  and  in  some,  low  and  wet.  The  soil  is  very 
productive.  Watered  by  Mad  r,  and  Buck,  Net- 
tle Chapman's,  King's,  and  Stony  creeks,  lhe 
JVIad  River  and  Erie  railroad  is  designed  to  run 
tlirough  the  county.  Capital,  Urbanna.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  15,356,  sheep  35,4 j0, 
swine  13,669 ;  wheat  160,624  bush,  produced, 
rve  8,089,  Ind.  corn  292,502,  buckwheat  786, 
barley  2,776,  oats  206,536,  potatoes  32,795,  silk 
cocoons  50  pounds,  sugar  132,292,  hops  1,369 ; 
23  stores,  cap.  $15,950;  1  fulling  ra,  1  woollen 
fee,  11  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  5  flouring  m,  b 
grist  m,  29  saw  m,  1  oil  m,  1  printing  office. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,000.  50  sch.  1,211  schol- 
ars;   Pop.  1830,  12,130  ;  1840,  16,721. 

Champaign,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  792  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  with  large  prairies,  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Drained  by  Embarrass,  Kaskaskia, 
Sangamon,  Illinois,  and  Vermillion  rivers.  Capi- 
tal, Urbanna.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
1,754,  sheep  1,864,  swine  5,554 ;  wheat  5,975 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  96,205,  oats  16,895,  po- 
tatoes 3,153,  tobacco  1,427  pounds  ;  3  stores,  cap. 
$10,750 ;  1  woollen  fee,  5  grist  m,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $1,200.  2  sch.  53  scholars.  Pop. 
1830,  12,131;  1840,  1,475. 

Champion,  p-t,  Jefferson  co.,  N.  Y,  12  e.  Wa- 
tertown,  152  n.  w.  Albany,  428  W.  The  surface 
is  hilly,  and  the  soil  fertile.  Watered  by  Black 
r.  and  its  tributaries.  The  village  contains  1 
Presbyterian  church,  3  stores,  30  dwellings,  and 
about  200  inhabitants.  Pop.  of  the  t,  2,206. 
There  are  in  the  t.,  3  stores,  cap.  $10,000  ;  1  full- 
ing m.,  3  tanneries,  1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$13,500.  1  acad.  30  students,  17  sch.  593  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  2,206. 

Champion  South  Road,  p-o.  Champion  t., 
Jefferson  co,  N.  Y,  152  n.  w.  Albany,  420  W. 

Champion,  t,  Trumbell  co,  O,  about  5  miles 
N.  ofWarren.  It  has  6  sch.  160  scholars.  Pop.  541. 
Champlain,  p-t.,  and  port  of  entry,  Clinton  co, 
N.  Y,  185  n.  by  e.  Albany,  15  N.  Plattsburg,  560 
W.  It  has  Lake  Champlain  on  its  K.  border.  The 
surface  is  level  on  the  e.,  and  hilly  on  the  w. 
The  soil  is  generally  a  fertile  clay  loam.  It  is 
drained  by  Chazy  r.,  in  which  fine  salmon  are 
taken,  and  which  affords  water  power.  The  v. 
is  situated  on  Chazy  r.,  5  ms.  from  its  mouth,  and 
has  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist  church,  7 
stores,  1  grist  m,  6  saw  m,  1  cloth  dressing  and 
carding  machine,  1  tannery,  60  dwellings,  and 
about  400  inhabitants.  During  high  water,  the  r. 
is  navigable  to  the  village  for  sloops,  and  for  the 
remainder  of  the  year,  to  within  1  mile.  There 
are  in  the  t,  16  stores,  cap.  $1 13,100  ;  2  furnaces, 
4  tanneries,  4  grist  m,  23  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $80,110.  10  sch.  286  scholars.  Pop.  3,632. 
Champlain  Lake,  lies  between  the  states  of 
New  York  and  Vermont.  It  extends  from  White- 


Grand  Isle  county,  Vermont, 
covered  by  Samuel  Champlain,  a  French  noble- 
man, in  1609.  It  was  the  theatre  of  many  im- 
portant military  operations,  in  the  French,  Revo- 
lutionary, and  late  war.  The  scenery  along  its 
shores  is  highly  picturesque,  and  rendered  grand 
by  the  lofty  mountains,  at  a  little  distance  from 
it^  on  both  sides.  It  forms  an  important  medium 
of  commerce,  and  is  navigated  by  steamboats, 
and  by  many  sloops,  generally  from  80  to  100 
tons  burden.  It  receives  a  number  of  consider- 
able rivers,  the  largest  of  which  are  from  Ver- 
mont. Its  outlet  is  Sorelle  or  Richelieu  r,  by 
which  it  discharges  its  waters  into  the  St.  Law- 
rence. The  Champlain  canal,  64  miles  long,  con- 
nects it  with  Hudson  r.  on  the  s,  and  cost 
$1,079,872.  It  abounds  with  fish,  among  which 
are  salmon,  lake  shad,  pike,  and  other  fish.  It  is 
generally  frozen  entirely  over,  and  is  passed  on 
the  ice,  in  winter.  The  broad  lake  closes  about 
the  first  of  February,  and  opens  early  in  March. 
The  narrow  parts  continue  frozen  considerably 
longer.  •        _w 

Ciianceford,  p-t,  York  co.  Pa,  47  ss  E 
Harrisburg,  97  W.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $7,500  ;  1 
furnace,  1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  2  grist  m,  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $7,115.  7  sch.  140  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,439.  . 

Chancellorsville,  p-o,  Spottsylvama  co, 
Va,  72  n.  Richmond,  66  W.  J  • 

Chandlerville,  t,  Somerset  co.  Me,  drain- 
ed by  Sebasticook  r.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $7,110 ; 
1  saw  m,  7  sch.  145  scholars.     Pop.  372 

Chanevville,  p-o,  Morgan  co,  O,  7o  e.  by 
s.  Columbus,  334  W.  _"    ^ 

Channing,  t.,  Lenawee  co,  Mich.     Pop.  40. 
Channohan,    p-o.  Will  co.  111,   156  n.  e. 
Springfield,  751  W. 

Chantilly,  p-o.  Fan-fax  co.. 
mond,  27  W.  .  QQ 

Chantilly,  p-o,  Lincoln  co.  Mo,  88  s. 
ferson  city,  869  W. 

Chapel  Hill,  p-v.,  Orange  co,  N.  C,  £6  N. 
w  Raleigh,  286  W.  Situated  on  New  Hope  r, 
a  branch  of  Cape  Fear  r.  The  situation  is  eleva- 
ted and  healthy.  The  country  around  is  hilly, 
with  fine  water,  and  a  very  fertile  soil.  1  he  v. 
contains  from  30  to  40  houses,  and  derives  its 
chief  importance  from  the  University  of  North 
Carolina,  of  which  it  is  the  seat.  This  respecta- 
ble institution  was  founded  in  1789,  and  is  hand- 
somely endowed.  It  has  a  president  and  8  pro- 
fessors or  other  instructors,  has  had  674  alumni, 
70  of  whom  have  been  ministers  of  the  gospel,  has 
171  students,  and  9,000  vols,  in  its  libraries.  The 
commencement  is  on  the  first  Thursday  in  June. 
Chapel  Hill,  p-v,  Marshall  co,  Tenn,  38  s. 
Nashville,  701  W. 

Chapelsburg,  p-o,  Humphrey  t,  Cattaraugus 
co.,  N.  Y,  305  w.  by  s.  Albany,  320  ^V. 

Chapinville,  p-o,  Litchfield  co,  Ct,  5b  w. 
Hartford,  348  W.  „       ^        . 

Chapinville,  p-o,  Hopewell  t,  Ontario  co., 
N.  Y,  198  w.  Albany,  344  W. 

Chaplain,  p-o.,  Nelson  co,  Ky,  37  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  579  W. 


Va,127N.Rich- 
E.Jef- 


CHA 


115 


CHA 


Chaplin,  p-t.,  Windham  co.,  Ct.,  37  e.  by  n. 
Hartford,  366  W.  It  was  formed  in  1832  from 
Mansfield,  Hampton,  and  Windham.  Watered 
by  Natchaug  r.,  a  branch  of  Shetucket  r.  It 
has  a  good  soil,  particularly  adapted  to  grazing. 
It  lias  3  stores,  cap.  $7,500 ;  1  tannery,  1  paper 
fee.,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$45,300.    5  sch.  186  scholars.     Pop.  794. 

Chapman,  p-t.,  Union  co.,  Pa.,  42  n.  by  w. 
Harrisburg,  152  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil, 
gravel  and  alluvion.  Watered  by  Mahantango  cr., 
affording  water  power.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$4,000 ;  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.     Pop.  1,297. 

Chapman,  t.,  Clinton  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  grist  m., 
3  saw  m.     Cap.  inmnnufae.  $1,000.     Pop.  622. 

Chapmanville,  p-o.,  Logan  co.,  Va.,  361  w. 
Richmond,  398  W. 

Chapola,  river,  Flor.  and  Ala.,  a  branch  of  the 
Apalachicola  r.,  45  ms.  long. 

Chappel's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Surry  co.,  N. 
Carolina. 

Chappel's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Newberry  dist.,  S.  C, 
62  w.  n.  w.  Columbia,  528  W. 

Chaptico,  p-v.,  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md.,  75  s.  An- 
napolis, 52  W. 

Chardon,  p-t.,  capital  of  Geauga  co.,  O.,  170 
N.  e.  Columbus,  338  W.  It  has  a  good  soil,  and 
is  well  cultivated.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the 
height  of  land  between  Grand,  Cuyahoga,  and 
Chagrin  rivers,  600  feet  above  Lake  Erie,  14  ms. 
s.  of  Fairport,  on  the  lake.  I  has  a  court  house, 
a  jail,  and  a  church.  Pop.  446.  There  are  in 
the  t.,  9  stores,  cap.  $3,275 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tanne- 
ry, 1  printing  office.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $20,604. 
14  sch.  548  scholars.     Pop.  1,064. 

Charette,  t.,  Warren  co.,  Mo.  It  has  3  sch. 
72  scholars.     Pop.  1,332. 

Chariton,  county,  Mo.  Situated  centrally  in 
the  n.  part  of  the  state,  and  has  Grand  r.,  on  the 
w.  and  the  Missouri  on  the  s.  It  contains  832 
sq.  ms.  Chariton  r.  passes  through  it.  Capital, 
Keytesville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
6,659,  sheep  4,088,  swine  15,571 ;  wheat  8,162 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  180,600,  oats  25,304,  po- 
tatoes 11,125,  tobacco  946,090  pounds  ;  15  stores, 
cap.  $95,3.K) ;  8  grist  m.,  8  saw.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $38,975.  2  acad.  130  students,  6  sch.  123 
scholars.  Pop.  in  1830,  1,788;  1840,  whites 
3,709,  slaves  1,017,  free  col'd  20  ;  total,  4,746. 

Chariton,  river,  Mo.,  rises  in  Iowa  ter.,  and 
after  a  course  s.  of  130  ms.,  it  falls  into  the  Mis- 
souri r.  at  the  extreme  s.  point  of  Chariton  co.  It 
is  boatable  for  59  miles. 

Chariton,  p-o.,  St.  Mary's  par.,  La.,  153  w. 
by  s.  New  Orleans,  1,306  W. 

Chariton,  t.,  Howard  co.,  Mo.  It  has  4  sch. 
133  scholars.    Pop.  3,113. 

Chariton,  p-v.,  Chariton  co.,  Mo.,  75  n.  w. 
Jefferson  city,  930  W.  It  is  on  the  n.  bank  of 
Missouri  r.,  at  the  mouth  of  Chariton  r. 

Chariton,  t.,  Macon  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch. 
25  scholars.     Pop.  806. 

Charlemont,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Ms.,  109  w. 
by  n.  Boston,  415  W.  Incorporated  in  1765. 
Watered  by  Deerfield  r.,  which  affords  good 
water  power.  The  surface  is  mountainous  ;  but 
the  soil  is  good,  particularly  for  grazing.  It  has 
some  manufactures.  It  has  1  furnace  ;  1  store, 
cap.  $3,000  ;  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  2  tanneries,  7 
sch.  305  scholars.    Pop.  1,127. 

Charles,  county,  Md.  Situated  in  the  s.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  on  the  Potomac  r.  It  contains 
450  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  broken,  and  the  soil 
moderately  good.  Capital,  Port  Tobacco.  There 
were  in  J  840,  neat  cattle  9,270,  sheep  10,147, 
swine  14,757;  wheat  91,231  bush,  produced,  rye 
4,533,  Ind.  com  297,137,  oats  40,992,  potatoes 


6,366,  tobacco  3,265,371  pounds ;  29  stores,  cap 
144,200;  3 lumber  yarda, cap.  14,000;  I  tannery, 
17  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  s6,<MK).  25  sch. 
617  scholars.  Pop.  1830;  17,666;  I8|(),  whites 
6,022,  slaves  9,182,  free  col'd  819;  total,  16,023. 

Charles  City,  county,  Va.  Situated  cen- 
trally in  the  s.  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  hasClm  k- 
ahominy  r.  on  the  n.,  and  James  r.  on  the  8.  It 
contains  208  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  rolling. 
Grain,  flour,  ana  tobacco  are  its  principal  pro- 
ductions. Capital,  Charles  City  C.  II.  Thero 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,496,  sheep  2,270, 
swine  6,029  ;  wheat  36,089  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  117,846,  oats  45,275,  potatoes  3,520,  cotton 
2,010  pounds;  15  stores,  cap.  $15,900;  1  tannery, 
6  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,300.  3  acad.  53 
students,  4  sch.  87  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  5,500 ; 
1840,  whites  1,171,  slaves  2,433,  free  col'd  670  ; 
total,  4,774. 

Charles  City,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Charles 
City  co.,  Va.,  45  s.  e.  by  E.  Richmond,  162  W. 
Situated  near  the  centre  of  the  co.,  n.  of  James  r. 
It  contains  a  court  house,  clerk's  office,  tavern, 
and  a  single  private  dwelling. 

Charles,  r.,  Ms.,  rises  near  the  state  of  R.  I., 
and  after  a  circuitous  course,  enters  Boston  har- 
bor.  It  is  navigable  to  Watertown,  7  w.  Boston. 

Charleston,  dist.,  S.  C.  Situated  in  the  s. 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  2,244  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  low,  and  liable  to  be  overflowed. 
It  has  the  Santee  r.  on  its  n.  e.  boundary. 
Drained  by  Ashly  and  Cooper  rivers.  A  canal, 
uniting  the  Cooper  and  Santee  rivers,  passes 
through  it,  as  does  the  s.  E.  part  of  the  South 
Carolina  railroad.  Capital,  Charleston.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  30,060,  sheep  11,296, 
swine  17,438;  Ind.  corn  397,151  bush,  produced, 
oats  120,252,  potatoes  619,507,  rice  11,933,750 
pounds,  silk  cocoons  250,  cotton  2,130,224,  sugar 
30,000  ;  400  bush,  salt ;  61  commercial  and  com. 
houses  in  for.  trade,  cap.  $3,563,750  ;  582  retail 
stores,  cap.  $3,575,100;  10  lumber  yards,  capital, 
$75,000  ;  2  tanneries,  3  flouring  m.,  19  grist  m., 
21  saw  m.,  8  printing  offices,  5  binderies,  4  peri- 
odicals, 3  daily,  3  weekly,  2  semi-weekly  news- 
papers.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,078,630.     19  acad. 


1,008  students,  28  sch.  1,558  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 
86,333;  1840,  whites  20,  ~" 
col'd  3,201 ;  total,  82,661 


86,333 ;  1840,  whites  20,921,  slaves  53 


'op.  I 
,539, 


free 


Charleston,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  98  n. 
e.  Augusta,  689  W.  It  has  a  fertile  soil,  adapted 
to  grain.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $2,400.     Pop.  1,269. 

Charleston,  city  and  seaport  of  S.  Carolina, 
and  capital  of  a  district  of  the  same  name,  is  the 
largest  city  in  the  Atlantic  states  s.  of  the  Poto- 
mac, and  the  9th  in  population  in  the  United 
States,  and  is  situated  on  a  tongue  of  land  formed 
by  the  junction  of  Ashley  and  Cooper  rivers.  It 
is  in  32°  47'  n.  lat.  and  79°  64'  w.  Ion.  from 
Greenwich ;  and  3°  w.  Ion.  from  W.  It  is  124 
s.  s.  e.  from  Columbia ;  118  n.  e.  from  Savannah ; 
590  s.  s.  w.  from  Baltimore  ;  780  s.  s.  w.  from 
New  York ;  540  s.  s.  w.  from  W.  The  popula- 
tion in  1790  was  16,359;  in  1800,  18,711;  in 
1810,  24,711;  in  1820,  24,780;  in  1830,33,289; 
in  1840,  29,261 ;  of  which  14,673  were  slaves. 
Employed  in  commerce  676,  in  manufactures 
and  trades  1,025,  in  navigating  the  ocean  292, 
learned  professions  226.  Academies  and  gram, 
mar  schools  14,  with  861  students ;  13  common 
and  primary  schools,  with  574  scholars,  of  which 
568  were  at  the  public  charge.  5  white  persons 
over  20  could  neither  read  nor  write. 

The  bay  formed  at  the  junction  of  Ashley  and 
Cooper  rivers  is  2  miles  wide,  and  extends  s.  of 
e.  7  miles  to  its  entrance  into  the  Atlantic,  below 


CIIA 


110 


CHA 


Sullivan's  Island.  Ashley  is  2,100  yards  wide 
opposite  the  town,  and  Cooper  is  1,400 ;  and 
both  are  deep,  and  navigable  for  large  vessels. 
A  sand  bar  extends  across  the  mouth  of  the  har- 
bor, but  has  four  entrances,  the  deepest  of  which, 
passing  very  near  Sullivan's  Island,  has  17  feet 
of  water  at  high  tide.  It  is  defended  by  fort 
Moultrie,  which,  though  then  comparatively  a 
weak  fortress,  repulsed  a  powerful  attack  of  the 
British  fleet,  June  28th,  1776,  under  Sir  Peter 
Parker.  It  is  further  defended  by  Fort  Pmkney, 
on  an  island  2  miles  below  the  city,  and  by  Fort 
Johnson  4  miles  below.  The  harbor  is  open  to 
easterly  winds,  and  storms  from  that  quarter  are 
often  troublesome  to  the  shipping  at  the  wharves. 
The  ground  on  which  Charleston  is  built  is  raised 
but  about  7  feet  above  high  tide,  so  that  parts  of 
the  city  have  been  overflowed,  when  the  wind 
and  tide  have  combined  to  raise  the  waters, 
though  it  has  not  often  occurred.  The  streets, 
which  are  from  35  to  70  feet  in  width,  extend 
from  e.  to  w.  from  the  Cooper  to  the  Ashley  r., 
and  are  intersected  by  others  at  nearly  right 
angles,  running  from  n.  to  s.  Many  of  the  houses 
are  of  brick,  while  others  are  of  wood,  many  of 
them  painted  white,  which,  with  the  profusion  of 
foliage  by  which  they  are  commonly  surrounded, 
gives  them  a  beautiful  appearance.  The  houses 
are  generally  elegant,  and  they  are  often  fur- 
nished with  piazzas  which  extend  to  the  roof, 
and  are  ornamented  with  vines.  The  gardens 
are  adorned  with  orange,  peach,  and  other  trees, 
and  a  variety  of  shrubbery ;  while  the  streets  are 
often  lined  with  the  Pride  of  India,  and  other  beau- 
tiful trees.  Refinement  and  hospitality  charac- 
terize the  Society  of  Charleston  ;  the  city  is  con- 
sidered more  healthy  during  the  summer  montns 
than  the  surrounding  country.  It  contains  24 
churches,  5  Episcopal,  4  Presbyterian,  4  Metho- 
dist, 3  Roman  Catholic,  2  Baptist,  2  German  Lu- 
theran, 1  French  Protestant,  1  Jews'  Synagogue, 
and  1  Bethel. 

Among  the  public  buildings  are  the  city  hall, 
the  exchange,  a  court  house,  jail,  2  arsenals,  a 
theatre,  2  college  halls,  an  almshouse,  and  an  or- 
phan asylum.  The  orphan  asylum  accommo- 
dates 150  destitute  children.  The  literary  and 
philosophical  society  has  a  fine  collection  of  ob- 
jects in  natural  history,  and  the  academy  of  fine 
arts  possesses  some  valuable  paintings.  The 
city  library  contains  about  fifteen  thousand  vol- 
umes. 

St.  Philips  parish  or  the  neck,  virtually  a  part 
of  the  city,  contains  a  population  of  11,000;  it  is 
adorned  with  plantations  in  a  high  state  of  culti- 
vation. Moultrieville,  on  Sullivan's  Island,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  harbor,  is  a  small  but  pleasant 
town,  and  the  refreshing  breezes  from  the 
ocean  cause  it  to  be  much  resorted  to  from 
the  city  during  the  summer  and  autumnal 
months. 

The  commerce  of  Charleston  is  extensive,  com- 
prising that  of  nearly  the  whole  of  the  state.  Its 
tonnage  in  1840,  was  29,250. 

There  were  in  1840,  27  for.  commercial  and  34 
commission  houses,  with  a  cap.  of  $3,563  750  • 
428  retail  stores,  cap.  $3,317,450 ;  7  lumber  yards 
cap.  $50,000  ;  3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  with  a  total 
cap.  of  $334,000  ;  8  printing  offices,  5  binderies,  3 
daily,  3  weekly  and  2  semi-weekly  newspapers, 
and  4  periodicals,  with  a  cap.  of  $120,000 ;  84 
brick  and  stone  houses,  and  26  wooden,  built  at 
the  cost  of  $927,700.  Total  capital  in  manufac 
$770,500. 

There  are  three  lines  of  packets  which  ply  be- 
tween this  city  and  New  York.  One  line  has  6 
■hips,  one  of  which  soils  from  each  place,  every 


5  days.  Another  consists  of  8  brigs,  one  of  which 
sails  every  4th  day.  There  is  another  line  con- 
sisting of  6  brigs.  A  canal  of  22  ms.  in  length, 
connects  the  harbor  with  the  Santee  r.  A  rail- 
road extends  136  miles  to  Hamburg,  on  the  Sa- 
vannah. 

The  college  of  Charleston  has  in  its  scientific 
department,  60  students,  and  a  library  of  3,000 
volumes.  There  are  in  the  city  20  churches,  of 
which  the  Episcopalians  have  4,  the  Presbyteri- 
ans 3,  the  Methodists  3,  the  Congregationalists  2, 
the  Roman  Catholics  2,  and  various  others.  There 
are  6  newspapers  published  here,  3  of  which  are 
issued  daily,  1  semi-weekly,  and  2  weekly.  The 
city  is  divided  into  4  wards. 

Charleston  was  first  settled  in  1630.  In  1690 
a  colony  of  French  refugees,  exiled  in  conse- 
quence of  the  revocation  of  the  edict  of  Nantz, 
settled  in  Carolina,  and  some  of  them  in  Charles- 
ton, from  whom  some  of  its  present  respectable 
inhabitants  are  descended.  At  the  close  of  1779, 
the  city  was  captured  by  the  British,  who  had 

Possession  of  it  until  the  middle  of  the  following 
lay.  In  1778,  a  fire  consumed  252  houses,  and 
another  in  1796,  destroyed  about  one  third  of  the 
city,  at  a  loss  of  $2,500,000.  From  1830  to  1840, 
the  population  diminished  1,028. 

Charleston,  p-t.,  Montgomery  co.,  N.  Y.,  40  w. 
N.  w.  Albany,  399  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil, 
clay,  sand,  and  gravelly  loam.  It  has  Schoharie 
r.  on  the  e.,  which  affords  mill  seats.  Drained  by 
small  branches  of  Mohawk  r.  It  has  6  stores, 
cap.  $26,600;  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  1  grist 
m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,070.  14  sch. 
841  scholars.     Pop.  2,103. 

Charleston,  p-t.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  146  n.  Har- 
risburg,  256  W.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $2,100  ;  6 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,650.  2  sch.  45  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  1,010. 

Charleston,  p-t.,  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  127 
w.  Detroit,  592  W.  It  has  4  sch.  234  scholars. 
Pop.  605. 

Charleston,  p-v.,  capital  of  Clarke  co.,  la., 
101  s.  s.  E.  Indianapolis,  589  W. 

Charleston,  p-v.,  Peoria  co.,  111.,  91  n.  Spring- 
field, 805  W. 

Charleston,  p-v.,  Bradley  co.,  Tenn.,  167  s. 
E.  Nashville,  570  W. 

Charleston,  t.,  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  55  n.  n.  e. 
Montpelier.  Watered  by  several  ponds  with  their 
outlets,  which  discharge  their  waters  into  Clyde 
r.,  which  enters  Lake  Memphremagog.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $4,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fee, 

1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$8,375.    5  sch.  134  scholars.    Pop.  731. 

Charleston,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  918  W. 

Charleston,  p-v.,Tallahatchee  co.,  Miss.,  136 
N.  Jackson,  967  W. 

Charleston  Four  Corners,  p-o.,  Charleston 
t,  Montgomery  co.,  N.  Y.,  33  w.  n.  w.  Albany, 
397  W. 

Charlestown,  p-t.,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  H.,  54  w. 
Concord,  453  W.  It  lies  on  the  e.  side  of  Con- 
necticut r.  Drained  by  Little  Sugar  r.  The  soil 
is  generally  good,  particularly  its  fine  interval 
land,  but  some  of  it  is  broken  and  poor.  Incor- 
porated in  1753.  It  has  2  villages,  the  s.  one  par- 
ticularly pleasant.  A  bridge  connects  this  town 
with  Springfield,  Vt.    It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $22,500 ; 

2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  1  grist 
m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,214.  1  acad. 
47  students,  532  scholars  in  sch.    Pop.  1,722. 

Charlestown,  p-t.,  and,  with  Boston,  a  port 
of  entry,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  1  N.  Boston,  441 
W.  Situated  on  a  peninsula  lying  between 
Charles  and  Mystic  rivers,  and  connected  with 
Boston  by  Charles  and  Warren  bridges.    There 


CHA 


117 


CHA 


are  two  other  bridges  across  Mystic  river,  one  of 
which  connects  it  with  Chelsea,  and  the  other 
with  Maiden.  There  is  another  which  connects 
it  with  Craigie's  bridge,  leading  to  Cambridge. 
The  streets,  though  not  laid  out  with  great  regu- 
larity, are  wide,  and  ornamented  with  trees.  rl  he 
public  buildings  are  a  state  prison,  on  the  most 
improved  model,  the  Massachusetts  insane  hos- 
pital, called,  from  a  distinguished  benefactor, 
McLean  Asylum,  an  almshouse,  town  house,  and 
9  churches— 3  Congregationalists,  2  Bap.   1  Meth. 

2  Univer.  and  1 R.  Catholic-a  United  States  Navy 
Yard,  in  the  s.  E.  part  of  the  place,  with  a  dry 
dock  built  of  hewn  granite.  The  Navy  Yard 
covers  60  acres  of  land,  on  which  are  erected  a 
marine  hospital,  a  spacious  warehouse,  an  arse- 
nal, powder  magazine,  and  a  house  for  the  super- 
intendent, all  of  brick ;  and  2  immense  wooden 
edifices,  under  which  the  largest  vessels  of  war 
are  built.  Breed's  Hill,  commonly  called  Bun- 
ker Hill,  is  immediately  in  the  rear  of  the  place, 
where  a  bloody  battle  was  fought  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  revolution,  June  17,  1775,  in 
which  the  Americans  lost,  in  killed  and  wounded, 
4 19,  and  the  British,  1,055.  To  commemorate  this 
important  event,  a  granite  obelisk  has  been  erect- 
ed on  the  spot,  which  is  30  feet  square  at  the 
base,  220  feet  high,  and  15  feet  square  at  the  top, 
ascended  within  by  a  winding  stair-case,  estima- 
ted to  cost  about  $100,000.  The  t.  has  3  commer- 
cial and  8  commission  houses,  cap.  $125,000;  78 
stores,  capital  $346,000  ;  6  lumber  yards,  capital 
$S2,000  ;  5  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  1  weekly 
newspaper,  4  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  1  brewery, 

3  potteries,  3  rope  walks,  5  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.,  24  sch.  2,202  scholars.     Pop.  11,484. 

Charlestown,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  R.  I.,  45 
8.  s.  w.  Providence,  385  W.  Watered  by  Charles 
r.,  a  branch  of  Pawcatuck  r.,  which  affords  water 
power.  Pawcatuck  r.  runs  on  its  n.  w.  border. 
It  has  2  large  fresh  water,  and  2  salt  water  ponds. 
Near  the  sea  the  land  is  level  and  rich,  but  to 
the  n.  it  is  rough,  and  not  well  adapted  to  culti- 
vation. The  remains  of  the  Narraganset  Indians, 
once  a  powerful  tribe,  long  continued  in  this 
place,  and  had  a  missionary  among  them,  support- 
ed by  a  society  for  propagating  the  gospel,  and 
a  considerable  reservation  of  land  ;  but  they  are 
now  nearly  or  quite  extinct.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $5,500 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  o 
sch.  233  scholars.     Pop.  923. 

Charlestown,  p-v.,  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  70  n.  e. 
Annapolis,  80  W. 

Charlestown,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jefferson  co., 
Va.,  168  n.  Richmond,  65  W. 

Charlestown,  p-t.,  Portage  co.,  O.,  145  n.  e. 
Columbus,  321  W.  It  is  a  fertile  t.,  well  water- 
ed and  well  cultivated.  Watered  by  branches 
of  Mahoning  r.  It  has  1  acad.  25  students,  5  sch. 
199  scholars.     Pop.  851. 

Charlestown,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  82  e.  Har- 
risburg,  on  the  Susquehanna  r.  The  v.  contains 
1  store,  1  hemp  and  flax  fac,  and  10  or  12  dwel- 
lings.    Pop.  1,039. 

Charloe,  p-v.,  capital  of  Paulding  co.,  O.,  137 
N.  w.  Columbus,  506  W. 

Charlotte,  county,  Va.     Situated  in  the  s. 

Sart  of  the  state,  and  contains  600  square  miles. 
)rained  by  Little  Roanoke  r.  The  soil  is  fertile, 
producing  grain,  tobacco,  and  fruits.  Capital, 
Charlotte  C.  H.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 9,662,  sheep  14,593,  swine  21,597;  wheat 
64,914  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  509,260,  oats 
246,974,  potatoes  14,776,  tobacco  4,180,745  lbs., 
cotton  19,010 ;  20  stores,  cap.  $133,640  ;  5  tanne- 
ries, 11  flouring  m.,  28  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $43,600.     1  acad.  6  students,  30  sch. 


555  .scholar*.  I'op.  1830,  i:»,.:..';  L&40,  whites 
5,130,  slaves  9,260,  free  col'd  307 ;  total,  14, 

Charlotte,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  186  E. 
\.  k.  Augusta,  772  W.  Incorporated  in  1825. 
Watered  by  a  pond  which  has  an  outlet,  which 
passes  through  Pembroke  into  ( lobecook  bay.  It 
lias  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $680.  6ech. 
298  scholars.     Pop.  666. 

Charlotte,  p-t.,  Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  54  w  ■ 
Mentpelier,  449  W.  It  lies  on  Lake  Champlain. 
across  which  is  a  ferry  at  this  place.  Watered 
by  Platte  river,  which  affords  water  power,  and 
Lewis  cr.  Chartered  in  1762.  The  land  on  the 
lake  shore  is  level,  and  very  fertile.  In  the  w. 
part  of  the  t.  it  is  uneven.  It  is  well  culti- 
vated, and  is  one  of  the  best  farming  towns  in 
the  state.  An  elevated  ridge  of  land  along  the 
stage  road  to  Burlington,  presents  a  fine  view  of 
the  lake,  and  the  country  w.  There  is  a  Con- 
gregationalist,  a  Baptist,  and  a  Methodist  church. 
It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $11,000;  1  tannery,  1  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,625.  11  sch. 
226  scholars.     Pop.  1,620. 

Charlotte,  p-v.,  Greece  t.,  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y., 
224  w.  N.  w.  Albany,  375  W.  It  is  situated  at 
the  mouth  of  Genesee  r.,  7  ms.  below  Rochester. 
Sometimes  called  Port  Genesee.  There  is  a 
steamboat  landing,  1  store,  1  forwarding  house, 
and  20  or  30  dwellings.  The  steamboat  line  from 
Lewiston  to  Oswego,  stops  at  this  place,  and  a 
small  steamboat  runs  from  this  to  Carthage.  A 
stage  also  runs  to  Rochester. 

Charlotte,  p-t.,  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  116  w.  by 
s.  Detroit,  5S6  W. 

Charlotte,  p-v.,  capital  of  Mecklenburg  co., 
N.  C,  158  s.  w.  Raleigh,  397  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  Sugar  cr.,  a  branch  of  Catawba  r. 
It  contains  the  county  buildings,  4  churches — 1 
Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Ro- 
man Catholic — 10  stores,  160  dwellings,  and  about 
1,000  inhabitants.  Here  is  a  branch  of  the  Uni- 
ted States  Mint.  East  of  Charlotte  are  a  number 
of  very  rich  and  productive  gold  mines. 

Charlotte,  p-v.,  capital  of  Dickson  co.,  Tenn., 
38  w.  by  n.  Nashville,  722  W. 

Charlotte  Centre,  p-o.,  Charlotte  t.,  Chau- 
tauque  co.,  N.  Y.,  333  w.  by  s.  Albany,  333  W. 

Charlotte,  t.,  Chautauque  co.,  N.  Y.,  330  w. 
by  s.  Albany.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
the  soil  moist  clay  loam,  well  adapted  to  grass. 
Drained  by  Cassadaga  cr.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$30,000  ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $37,620.  2  acad.  55  stu- 
dents, 9  sch.  377  scholars.     Pop.  1,428. 

Charlotte,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Charlotte 
co.,  Va.,  98  w.  s.  w.  Richmond,  185  W.  Situated 
3  ms.  from  Little  Roanoke  r.,  and  H  from  Ward's 
Fork.  Formerly  called  Marysville.  It  contains 
a  court  house  of  brick,  jail  of  stone,  and  a  jailer's 
dwelling  of  brick,  a  Baptist  and  a  Presbyterian 
church,  an  academy,  5  stores,  a  tannery,  a  num- 
ber of  mechanic  shops,  and  475  inhabitants. 

Charlotte  Harbor,  Flor.  (See  Gasparilla 
Sound.) 

Charlotte  Hall,  p-v.,  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md., 
66  s.  Annapolis,  60  W.  It  derives  its  name  from 
an  academy  which  has  3  brick  buildings,  and  is 
well  endowed  by  the  state.  The  situation  is  ele- 
vated, pleasant  and  healthy. 

Charlotteville,  p-o.,  Summit  t.,  Schoharie 
co.,  N.  Y.,  57  w.  Albany,  373  W. 

Charlottesville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Albemarle 
co.,  Va.,  85  n.  w.  Richmond,  121  W.  Situated 
on  Moore's  cr.,  2  ms.  from  its  entrance  into  Ri- 
vanna  r.  The  plan  is  irregular,  but  it  is  well 
built,  chiefly  with  brick.  It  contains  about  230 
buildings  of  every  kind,  and  about  1,000  inhabit- 


CHA 


118 


CHA 


ants  It  has  a  court  house  and  other  county 
buildings,  4  churches— 1  Episcopal,  1  Presbyte- 
rian, 1  baptist,  and  1  Methodist— and  an  acade- 
my.' It  has  22  stores,  2  bookstores,  a  female 
academy,  a  circulating  library,  and  a  printing 
office,  from  which  a  weekly  newspaper  is  issued. 
There  are  several  flouring  mills  in  the  vicinity. 
It  derives  its  chief  importance  from  the  Universi- 
ty of  Virginia,  of  which  it  is  the  seat.  This  in- 
stitution was  planned  by  Mr.  Jefferson.  It  was 
designed  to  be  more  on  the  plan  of  European 
universities  than  most  American  colleges.  The 
university  buildings  are  various  in  their  architec- 
ture, and  arranged  on  three  sides  of  a  grassy  par- 
allelogram, at  the  upper  end  of  which  stands  a 
large  rotunda,  containing  lecture  rooms  and  the 
library.  The  philosophical  and  chemical  appa- 
ratus, and  the  mineralogical  cabinet,  and  anatom- 
ical and  general  museum,  are  extensive.  It  has 
a  fine  astronomical  observatory  on  the  apex  of  a 
hill  in  the  vicinity.  It  was  founded  in  1819,  has 
a  president  and  8  professors  or  other  instructors, 
has  had  200  alumni,  has  290  students,  and  16,000 
volumes  in  its  libraries.  The  commencement  is 
on  the  4th  of  July.  It  is  munificently  endowed 
by  the  state. 

Charlottesville,  p-v.,  Hancock  co.,  la.,  28  e. 
Indianapolis,  543  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  a 
small  branch  of  Blue  r.,  and  on  the  national  road. 
Charlton,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  53  s.  w. 
by  w.  Boston,  337  W.  Chartered  in  1754.  The 
surface  is  rough,  but  the  soil  good.  It  has  some 
manufactures.  It  has  8  stores,  cap.  $12,500 ;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  cotton  fac.  716  sp.,  1  tannery,  7  grist 
m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $32,000.  13 
sch.  581  scholars.    Pop.  2,117. 

Charlton,  p-t.,  Saratoga  co.,  N.  Y.,  25  n.  n. 
w.  Albany,  393  W.  The  surface  is  undulating ; 
soil,  clay,  sand,  and  sandy  loam,  and  fertile. 
Drained  by  a  branch  of  the  Mohawk  r.  The  v. 
contains  3  stores,  4  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1 
Episcopal,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Universalist — 2 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  2  tanneries,  50  dwellings,  and 
about  300  inhabitants.  Pop.  of  the  town,  1,933. 
There  are  in  the  t.  5  stores,  cap.  $12,100  ;  1  fulling 
m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  8sawm. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,400.  10  sch.  333  scholars. 
Charlton  Depot,  p-o.,  Charlton  t.,  Worces- 
ter co.,  Mass.,  56  w.  s.  w.  Boston,  386  W. 

Chartiers,  creek,  a  small  river  of  Pa.,  rises 
in  Washington  co.,  and  after  a  course  of  30  ms., 
falls  into  the  Ohio,  4  ms.  below  Pittsburg.  It 
drains  a  iertile  country,  abounding  with  bitumin- 
ous coal. 

Chartiers,  t.,  Washington  county,  Pa.,  6  n. 
Washington.  The  surface  is  hilly;  soil,  loam, 
with  abundance  of  coal.  Chartiers  cr.  flows  on 
its  s.  border.  Cannonsburg  lies  on  this  cr.  It 
has  7  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$3,075.    Pop.  1,616. 

Chateaugay,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  N.  Y.,  202  n. 
by  w.  Albany,  541  W.  Drained  by  Chateaugay 
r.  and  its  branches,  which  flows  n.  into  Canada, 
entering  the  St.  Lawrence  a  little  w.  of  Montre- 
al. The  surface  is  uneven,  and  the  soil  clay  and 
sandy  loam.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $42,000  ;  1  ful- 
ling m.,  4  tanneries,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$14,400.    21  sch.  779  scholars.    Pop.  2,824. 

Chatfield,  p-t.,  Crawford  co.,  O.,  73  n.  Co- 
lumbus, 412  W.  Organized  in  1830.  Watered 
by  Sycamore  cr.,  which  affords  some  water  power 
Chatham,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the  cen- 
tral part  of  the  state,  and  contains  858  sq.  miles. 
Watered  by  Haw  and  Deep  rs.,  which  unite  in 
its  s.  part  to  form  Cape  Fear  r.  The  soil  is  clay- 
ey and  fertile,  producing  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cotton, 
and  tobacco.     The  surface  is  rolling.    Capital, 


Pittboro'.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  13,800, 
sheep  14,759,  swine  37,356  ;  wheat  94,342  bush, 
produced,  rye  1,308,  Ind.  corn  446,708,  oats  93,368, 
potatoes  38,014,  silk  cocoons  149  pounds,  tobacco 
536,886,  cotton  399,728 ;  19  stores,  cap.  $53,000  ; 
1  furnace,  1  cotton  fac.  1,050  sp.,  9  tanneries,  70 
distilleries,  2  potteries,  12  flouring  m.,  67  grist  m., 
40  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $115,632.  6  acad. 
128  students,  11  sch.  237  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 
15,499  ;  1840,  whites  10,609,  slaves  5,316,  free 
col'd  317 ;  total,  16,242. 

Chatham,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  s.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  on  Savannah  r.  It  contains  405 
sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  level,  and  but  little  ele- 
vated above  tide  water.  Its  chief  productions  are 
rice,  cotton  and  sugar.  Capital,  Savannah.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,810,  sheep  2,563, 
swine  6,279;  Ind.  corn  58,118  bush,  produced, 
oats  3,815,  potatoes  39,325,  rice  6,158,516  pounds, 
silk  cocoons  614,  cotton  1,157,106  ;  52  commission 
houses  in  for.  trade,  cap.  $943,500 ;  193  stores, 
cap.  $856,990 ;  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  4  printing  of- 
fices, 2  binderies,  3  daily,  3  weekly,  3  semi-week- 
ly newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $309,580.  3 
acad.  385  students,  10  sch.  352  scholars.  Pop. 
1830,  14,127;  1840,  whites  6,801,  slaves  11,331, 
free  col'd  669  ;  total,  18,801. 

Chatham,  p-t.,  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  96  s.  e. 
Boston,  497  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  e.  point  of 
Cape  Cod,  and  has  a  good  harbor  on  a  bay,  in- 
side of  Chatham  beach.  Incorporated  in  1712. 
The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  employed  in  the  fish- 
eries and  the  coasting  trade,  both  of  which  em- 
ploy a  considerable  number  of  vessels.  There 
were  32,000  bush,  salt  produced  m  1840,  and  a 
cap.  of  $33,750  invested  in  the  fisheries.  It  has 
13  stores,  cap.  $20,400 ;  1  lumber  yard,  capital 
$5,000  :  7  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,550.  1 
acad.  30  students,  12  sch.  1,001  scholars.  Pop. 
2,334. 

Chatham,  t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Ct.,  opposite  Mid- 
dletown,  16  s.  Hartford.  The  surface  is  uneven, 
excepting  near  Connecticut  r.,  where  is  a  level 
and  very  fertile  alluvial  tract,  of  nearly  a  mile 
in  width.  It  has  a  fine  landing  at  Middle  Had- 
dam,  6  miles  below  Middletown,  where  is  a  vil- 
lage. It  is  watered  by  Salmon  river  and  Pine 
brook.  A  little  n.  e.  of  Middletown,  on  the  bank 
of  the  r.,  is  a  very  valuable  quarry  of  freestone, 
which  has  been  extensively  wrought  and  export- 
ed. It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $32,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2 
tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$96,600.  1  acad.  35  students,  17  sch.  779  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  3,413. 

Chatham,  p-t.,  Columbia  co.,  N.  Y.,  18  s.  by 
e.  Albany,  16  n.  e.  Hudson,  362  W.  The  soil  is 
various,  but  well  cultivated.  Watered  by  Kinder- 
hook  cr.  The  v.  has  1  church,  3  stores,  1  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  iron  foundry,  50  dwellings,  and 
about  300  inhabitants  There  are  in  the  t.,  17 
stores,  cap.  $30,000 ;  3  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
1  tannery,  3  paper  fac,  8  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $65,600.  17  sch.  1,205  scholars. 
Pop.  762. 

Chatham,  t.,  Medina  co.,  O.  It  has  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac  $200.  4  sch.  153  scholars. 
Pop  555. 

Chatham,  p-t.,  Morris  county,  N.  J.,  56  n.  n. 
e.  Trenton,  221 W.  Watered  by  Passaic  r.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  with  Long  Hill  in  its  s. 
part.  The  v.  contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Me- 
thodist church,  an  academy,  3  stores,  1  grist  m., 
1  saw  m.,  and  50  dwellings.  The  buildings  are 
neat,  and  the  surrounding  country  is  pleasant. 
Passaic  r.  passes  through  the  v.  There  are  in 
the  t.,  10  stores,  cap.  $182,000;  1  fulling  m.,  1 
tannery,  4  distilleries,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.    Cap. 


CHA 


119 


CHE 


in  manufac.  $36,800.     4  acad.  215  students,  5 
sch.  185  scholars.     Pop.  2,138. 

Chatham,  t.,  Carroll  co.,  N.  H.,  situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  the  White  Mountains.  The  sur- 
face is  rough  and  mountainous.  Chartered  in 
1767.  From  a  pond  flows  a  head  hranch  of 
Saco  river.  It  has  1  store,  1  fulling  m.,  1  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.,  6  sch.  213  scholars.     Pop.  523. 

Chatham,  t.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is 
rolling ;  soil,  loam,  adapted  to  grazing.  Timber- 
ed with  oak,  beech,  maple,  and  pine.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $2,500 ;  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  mnnufac. 
$9,200.    2  sch.  50  scholars.     Pop.  689. 

Chatham,  p-v.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  63  e.  s.  e. 
Harrisburg,  102  W. 

Chatham,  p-o.,  Sangamon  co.,  HI.,  10  n.  n. 
w.  Springfield,  790  W. 

Chatham,  p-v.,  Newton  t ,  Licking  co.,  O. 

Chatham  Centre,  p-o.,  Chatham  t.,  Colum- 
bia county,  N.  Y.,  19  s.  by  e.  Albany,  359  W. 
It  has  a  small  agricultural  settlement  of  10  or  12 
dwellings. 

Chatham  Four  Corners,  p-v.,  Chatham  t., 
Columbia  county,  N.  Y.,  23  s.  by  E.  Albany,  355 
W.  Here  are  3  stores,  and  about  25  dwellings. 
The  Hudson  and  Berkshire,  and  the  Albany  and 
West  Stockbridge  railroads  here  form  a  junction. 

Chatham  Hill,  p-o.,  Smith  co.,  Va.,  273  w. 
by  n.  Richmond,  341  W. 

Chattahoochee,  r.,  Ga.,  Ala.,  rises  in  the  Ap- 
palachian mountains  and  forms  for  a  consider- 
able distance  the  boundary  between  these  states, 
and  constitutes  the  largest  constituent  of  Appala- 
chicola  r.  It  is  navigable  for  steamboats  to  Co- 
lumbus, Ga. 

Chattahoochee,  p-v.,  Gadsden  co.,  Florida, 
45  w.  Tallahassee,  8S6  W.  Situated  on  the  e. 
side  of  the  Appalachicola  river.  It  contains  a 
United  States  arsenal.  This  place  was  formerly 
called  Mount  Vernon. 

Chattanooga,  p-o.,  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn.,  141 
s.  e.  Nashville,  610  W. 

Chattooga,  county,  Ga.,  situated  in  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  300  sq.  ms.  Sur- 
face, mountainous  ;  soil,  fertile  on  the  river  bot- 
toms. Capital,  Summerville.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  4,129,  sheep  2,037,  swine  12,338 ; 
wheat  18,789  bushels  produced,  rye  119,  Indian 
corn  201,568,  barley  400,  oats  12,503,  potatoes 
7,076,  tobacco  8,206  pounds,  cotton  112,941;  3 
stores,  cap.  $5,500 ;  3  tanneries,  7  flouring  m.,  4 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,800.  1 
acad.  35  students,  4  sch.  64  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
2,624,  slaves  814 ;  total,  3,433. 

Chattoogaville,  p-v.,  Chattooga  co.,  Ga., 
185  n.  w.  Milledgeville,  662  W. 

Chaumont,  p-v.,  Lyme  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  N 
Y.,  178  n.  w.  Albany,  430  W.  It  is  situated  at 
the  head  of  the  Chaumont  bay,  at  the  E.  end 
of  Lake  Ontario.  It  contains  1  church,  2  stores. 
1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  tannery,  35  dwellings,  and 
about  250  inhabitants.  It  has  an  excellent  har- 
bor, easy  of  access,  and  Chaumont  river  affords 
good  water  power.  A  fine  blue  limestone  is 
found  here,  and  is  much  used  for  building,  and 
in  public  works. 

Chauncey,  p-o.,  Athens  co.,  O.,  67  s.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 345  W. 

Chautauque,  county,  N.  Y.,  the  western- 
most county  of  the  state,  lies  on  Lake  Erie.  Or- 
ganized in  1808,  and  contains  1,017  sq.  ms.  It 
has  a  lake  coast  of  30  miles,  in  which  are  several 

food  harbors  for  steamboats  and  lake  vessels.  A 
ividing  ridge,  from  1,000  to  1,400  feet  above  tide 
water,  not  more  than  from  5  to  8  miles  from  the 
lake,  divides  the  waters  which  flow  into  Lake  Erie 
from  those  which  go  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.    The 


surface  is  hilly,  but  not  mountainous;  and  the 
oil  is  fertile,  particularly  mi  the  streams  and  the 

lake  shore.  It  li;is  st-vcr.il  springs,  which  emit  a 
pure  carburetted  hydrogen  gas,  used  in  some 
places  for  lights.  It  has  also  springs  charged 
with  sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas.  It  Ir.is  bog  iron 
ore  and  shell  marble  in  abundance.  Then  wn 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  63,515,  sheep  186,315,  swine 
42,224 ;  wheat  214,897  bushels  produced,  rye 
1,671,  Ind.  corn  235,788,  buckwheat  9,157,  h, 
24,789,  oats  353,311,  potatoes  778,219,  hops  7,177 
pounds,  sugar  839,222  ;  7  com.  houses  in  foreign 
trade,  cap.  $22,200;  132  stores,  cap.  $505,165;  5 
lumber  yards,  cap.  $10,300;  3  furnaces,  26  full- 
ing m.,  2  woollen  fac,  1  rope  fac,  53  tanneries,  7 
distilleries,  1  pottery,  3  flouring  m.,  46  grist  m., 
229  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.,  1  paper  fac,  4  printing 
offices,  1  bindery,  1  periodical,  4  weekly  news- 
papers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $768,792.  11  acad. 
808  students,  302  sch.  14,487  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 
34,057;  1840,47,975. 

Chautauque,  t.,  capital  of  Chautauque  co., 
N.  Y.  The  county  buildings  are  in  the  village 
of  Mayville,  336  w.  by  s.  Albany.  The  surface 
is  elevated  and  rolling ;  soil,  argillaceous  loam. 
Drained  by  Chautauque  cr.  The  town  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $34,400 ;  2  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  2 
grist  m.,  14  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $36,930 ;  1 
acad.  100  students,  22  sch.  820  scholars.  Pop.  2,980. 

Chautauque,  lake,  is  a  beautiful  sheet  of 
water,  lying  in  the  central  part  of  Chautauque 
co.,  N.  Y .  It  is  18  miles  long,  and  from  1  to  3 
broad,  excepting  near  the  middle,  where  it  is  con- 
nected by  a  strait,  a  few  rods  wide.  It  is  ele- 
vated 726  feet  above  Lake  Erie,  and  1,291  above 
the  level  of  the  ocean.  It  is  navigable  for  steam- 
boats from  Mayville,  at  the  n.  part,  to  the  foot  of 
the  lake,  and  thence,  by  its  outlet,  it  is  boatable 
to  Connewango  cr.,  a  tributary  of  Alleghany  r. ; 
and  rafts  proceed  from  the  lake  to  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico.  It  is  said  to  be  the  highest  body  of  water 
in  the  United  States  on  which  a  steamboat  floats. 

Chazy,  p-t.,  Clinton  co.,  N.  Y.,  178  n.  Albany, 
15  n.  Plattsburg,  553  W.  It  lies  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain.  Watered  by  Little  Chazy  r.  Chartered 
m  1804.  It  has  a  landing  place  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  and  a  village  3  ms.  from  the  lake.  It  has 
10  stores,  cap.  $32,150 ;  3  fulling  m.,  2  woollen 
fac,  4  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  28  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $53,045.  19  sch.  538  scholars.  Pop. 
3,584. 

Chazy,  river,  Clinton  co.,  N.  Y.,  after  a  course 
of  50  ms.,  falls  into  Lake  Champlain,  in  the  N. 
e.  part  of  the  county. 

Cheat,  river,  Va.,  a  branch  of  the  Mononga- 
hela  r.,  navigable  for  boats  except  in  dry  seasons. 
The  Portage  of  the  Potomac  is  37  miles. 

Cheboygan,  county,  Mich.  Situated  on  the 
N.  point  of  the  southern  peninsula,  and  contains 
300  sq.  ms.  Principal  stream,  Cheboygan  r. 
Unorganized. 

Cheek's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Hawkins'  co., 
Tenn.,  231  e.  by  n.  Nashville,  452  W. 

Cheek's  Store,  p-o.,  Grainger  co.,  Tenn.,  209 
e.  Nashville,  148  W. 

Cheeksville,  p-o.,  Marion  co.,  Tenn.,  122  s. 
E.  Nashville,  487  W. 

Chelmsford,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  27  n. 
n.  w.  Boston,  442  W.  It  lies  on  the  s.  side  of 
Merrimac  r.,  and  is  connected  with  Dracut  by  a 
bridge.  Incorporated  in  1755.  It  abounds  with 
limestone  and  granite,  the  latter  of  which  is  ex- 
ported through  the  Middlesex  canal,  which  passes 
through  the  t.  It  has  some  manufactures,  among 
which  are  those  of  glass  and  iron.  The  present 
important  town  of  Lowell  belonged  to  this  town, 
until  1824.    It  has  8  stores,  cap  $20,300;  3  grist 


CHE 


120 


CHE 


m     4  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,400. 
Pc 


sch.  172  scholars.     Pop.  1,697. 

(  hki.ska,  p-t.,  capital  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  24  s. 
k.  Mbntpelier,  503  W.  Watered  by  a  branch  of 
White  r.,  which  affords  water  power.  Chartered 
in  1781,  by  the  name  of  Turnersburg.  Altered 
to  Chelsea  in  1788.  The  surface  is  uneven; 
soil,  warm  and  productive.  It  has  a  pleasant 
village,  where  is  a  court  house,  jail,  an  elegant 
Congregational  church,  and  about  70  or  80  dwell- 
ings, ft  has  6  stores,  cap.  $21,000 ;  2  fulling  m., 
1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  I  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $31,070.  18  sch.  659  scholars. 
Pop.  1,959. 

Chelsea,  p-t.,  Suffolk  co.,  Mass.,  4n.e.  Bos- 
ton, 444  W.  Formerly  a  ward  of  Boston.  In- 
corporated in  1738.  It  has  considerable  manu- 
factures. It  is  connected  with  Charlestown  by 
a  bridge.  It  has  1  com.  house,  cap.  $20,000;  11 
stores,  cap.  $29,000 ;  3  lumber  yards,  capital 
$13,000;  2  tanneries,  1  pottery,  1  grist  m.,  1 
printing  office.  Cap.  in  manufac.  55,350.  1 
acad.  20  students,  9  sch.  574  scholars.  Pop. 
2,290. 

Cheltenham,  t,  Montgomery  co.  Pa.  It  has 
4  stores,  cap.  6,000;  1  forge,  1  flouring  m.,  5  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,250.  1  sch. 
45  scholars.    Pop.  1,053. 

Chemung,  r.,  N.  Y.,  is  formed  by  the  junction 
of  the  Conhocton  with  Tioga  r.,  in  Steuben  co., 
and  flows  in  a  s.  E.  course,  and  enters  the  Sus- 
quehanna r.  at  Athens,  Pa.  It  furnishes  good 
mill  seats,  and,  at  high  water,  floats  lumber  and 
produce  to  market.  It  is  used  as  the  main  feeder 
of  the  Chemung  canal. 

Chemung,  co.,  N.  Y.,  situated  in  the  s.  part  of 
the  state,  and  was  taken  from  Tioga  co.  in  1836. 
It  contains  530  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  broken 
and  hilly,  but  contains  much  good  land,  particu- 
larly along  the  streams.  Watered  by  Chemung 
r.,  Cayuta  cr.,  Newtown  cr.,  and  a  creek  which 
flows  n.  into  Seneca  lake.  The  Chemung  canal, 
which  connects  Seneca  lake  with  the  Chemung 
r.,  at  Elmira,  passes  through  the  co.,  as  does  the 
line  of  the  New  York  and  Erie  railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Elmira.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
21,406,  sheep  37,975,  swine  18,110;  wheat 
192,831  bushels  produced,  rye  18,513,  Ind.  corn 
120,732,  buckwheat  62,590,  barley  26,358,  oats 
203,174,  potatoes  269,233,  hops  1,044  pounds, 
sugar  74,926  ;  83  stores,  cap.  $234,235;  8  lumber 
yards,  cap.  $38,000;  3  furnaces,  5  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  12  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  1  brew- 
ery, 3  flouring  m.,  25  grist  m.,  85  sawm.,  1  oil  m., 
4  printing  offices,  2  binderies,  4  weekly  news- 
?oEers"  ,  CaP-  in  manufac.  $313,075.  1  acad. 
™  ~^udents>  "  schools,  4,837  scholars.  Pop. 
20,  /  32.  r 

Chemung,  t.,  Chemung  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  s  e  El- 
mira, 198  w.  s.  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly 
and  broken,  with  fine  alluvial  flats  on  Chemung 
r.,  which  flows  through  its  s.  part.  The  soil  is  a 
gravelly  loam     In  the  s.  e.  part  of  the  town,  on 

Spanish  Hill,"  elevated  110  feet  above  the 
plain,  near  the  bank  of  the  r.,  are  remains  of 
fortifications,  with  regular  intrenchments,  which 
would  command  the  Wd  of  the  r.  The  line  of 
the  New  York  and  Ene  railroad  passes  through 

S\mPw  °f  the  S*11.-  Il  has  2  stores>  cap. 
^t  ?  I  toni£rkn  8™*  m-'  15  saw  m.  Cap. 
Pop  2?3T7C'  $    '  15  SCh°°ls'  486  scholar«- 

OnpfiN,ANG(!J  r"  Ni  YA'  rises  m  Madis°n  and 
Uneida  counties,  and  after 


course  of  75  miles 
C"'C,B  "lts  ousquenanna,  at  Binghamton 

E.  of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  was  formed  from 


10  Herkimer  and  Tioga,  in  1798.  It  contains  800 
square  ms.  The  surface  is  broken  and  hilly  :  its 
valleys  are  exceedingly  fertile.  Watered  by 
Chenango  r.  flowing  through  its  centre,  by  Una- 
dilla  r.  in  the  e.,  and  several  creeks,  wliich 
flow  into  the  Chenango  r.  The  Chenango  canal 
passes  along  the  valley  of  Chenango  r.,  and  con- 
nects Binghamton  on  the  Susquehanna  with  the 
Erie  canal  at  Utica.  Capital,  Norwich.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  64,322,  sheep  197,746, 
swine  27,311 ;  wheat  99,701  bush,  produced,  rye 
26,992,  Ind.  corn  159,203,  buckwheat  25,603,  bar- 
ley 10,451,  oats  406,032,  potatoes  772,671,  hops 
6,774  pounds,  sugar  344,018;  116  stores,  cap. 
$438,490;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $13,000  ;  32  full- 
ing m.,  5  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  4,400  sp.,  2 
rope  fac,  30  tanneries,  1  brewery,  45  grist  in., 
165  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.,  2  paper  fac,  4  printing  of- 
fices, 2  binderies,  4  periodicals,  5  weekly  news- 
papers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $160,381.  8  acad. 
733  students,  343  sch.  12,816  scholars.  Pop. 
1830,  37,233 ;  1840,  40,785. 

Chenango,  t.,  Broome  co.,  N.  Y.,  145  s.  w 
Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  fertile,  par- 
ticularly on  the  rivers.  Watered  by  Chenango 
and  Susquehanna  rivers,  which  form  a  junction 
at  Binghamton.  It  has  23  stores,  cap.  $83,330 ; 
1  tannery,  2  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  2  weekly 
newspapers,  5  grist  m.,  26  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $19,950.  2  acad.  100  scholars,  30  schools, 
1,404  scholars.     Pop.  5,465. 

Chenango  Forks,  p-v.,  Chenango  t.,  Broome 
co.,  N.  Y.,  127  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  307  W.  Situ- 
ated at  the  junction  of  Tioughnioga  r.  with  Che- 
nango r.,  on  the  Chenango  canal.  It  contains  a 
church,  4  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  clothier's 
works,  1  tannery,  and  a  canal  boat  yard,  80 
dwellings,  and  about  500  inhabitants. 

Chenango,  p-t.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  233  w.  by  n. 
Harrisburg,  269  W.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $1,500 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  flouring 
m.,  5  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$32,900.    4  sch.  160  scholars.     Pop.  1,435. 

Cheneyville,  p-v.,  Rapides  par.,  La.,  265  n. 
w.  New  Orleans,  1,236  W. 

Chenango,  p-o.,  Courtland  co.,  N.  Y.,  135  w. 
by  s.  Albany,  332  W. 

Cheonoquet,  county,  Mich.,  situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  southern  peninsula,  and  contains  512 
square  ms.  Drained  by  Cheboygan  and  Thun- 
der bay  rivers.     Unorganized. 

Chenuba,  p-o.,  Lee  co.,  Ga.,  150  s.  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  795  W. 

Chepacket,  p-v.,  Gloucester  t.,  Providence  co., 
R.  I.,  16  w.  by  n.  Providence,  395  W.  Situated 
on  a  river  of  the  same  name.  It  has  1  free  church, 
and  several  manufactories. 

Cheraw,  p-v.,  Chesterfield  dist.,  S.  C,  93  n. 
e.  Columbia,  423  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank 
of  Great  Pedee  r.,  110  ms.  above  Georgetown. 
It  contains  5  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Bap- 
tist, 1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Roman  Cath- 
olic— 1  male  and  1  female  academy,  1  bank,  1 
town  hall,  41  stores,  200  dwellings,  and  1,050 
inhabitants.  A  bridge  here  crosses  the  Pedee  r., 
which  is  navigable  to  this  place  for  steamboats. 
It  has  considerable  trade,  particularly  in  cotton. 
Cherokee,  county,  N.  C.,  in  the  n.  w.  comer 
of  the  state.  It  contains  1,000  square  ms.  The 
land  on  the  streams  is  of  an  excellent  quality, 
producing  Indian  corn,  wheat,  rye,  oats,  common 
and  sweet  potatoes,  abundantly.  Back  from  the 
streams,  the  land  is  mountainous,  producing  grass 
from  2  to  6  feet  high.  White,  blue,  and  flesh 
colored  marble  is  found ;  also  iron  ore  of  an  excel- 
lent quality.  It  has  some  valuable  gold  mines, 
and  lead  and  silver  in  small  quantities.    There 


CI1K 


121 


CHE 


were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,827  sheep  2,163, 
swine  12,235 ;  wheat  2,760  bushels  produced,  rye 
1,203,  Ind.com  167,167,  oats  12,787;  16  stores, 
cap.  $39,75!) ;  value  of  gold  produced  $1,075;  1 
tannery,  9  distilleries,  lb  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $5,120.  2  sch.  30  scholars.  Pop. 
1810,  whites  3,205,  slaves  199,  free  col'd  23; 
total,  3,427. 

Cherokee,  county,  Ga.,  situated  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  620  sq.  ms.  The  sur- 
face is  broken  and  hilly  ;  soil,  very  fertile  on  the 
margins  of  streams.  Drained  by  the  Etowah  r. 
and  branches.  Capital,  Canton.  There  were  in 
IS  10,  neat  cattle  7,235,  sheep  3,365,  swine  19,220; 
wheat  23,192  bushels  produced,  Ind.  corn  247,936, 
oats  13,105,  potatoes  5,416,  tobacco  5,209  pounds, 
cotton  84,542;  18  stores,  cap.  $33,300;  value  of 
gold  produced  $620;  6  smelting  houses,  3  tan- 
neries, 26  distilleries,  2  potteries,  5  flouring  m., 
23  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $34,142. 
2  acad.  60  students,  10  sch.  254  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  5,401,  slaves  491,  free  col'd  3;  total, 
5,895. 

Cherokee,  county,  Ala.,  situated  in  the  n. 
e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  about  600  sq. 
ms.  Surface  hilly,  and  in  some  parts  rough; 
soil,  fertile,  bordering  the  streams.  Capital,  Jef- 
ferson. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8.159, 
sheep  783,  swine  83,083;  wheat  22,004  bushels 
produced,  Ind.  corn  318,365,  oats  30,449,  potatoes 
11,328,  tobacco  53,307  pounds,  cotton  1,383,633; 
17  stores,  cap.  $71,700  ;  8  tanneries,  8  distilleries, 
15  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,800. 
2  sch.  52  scholars.  Pop.  whites  7,652,  slaves 
1,112,  free  col'd  9  ;  total,  8,773. 

Cherokee,  p-v.,  McArthur  t.,  Logan  co.,  O., 
75  n.  w.  Columbus,  460  W.  Founded  in  1832. 
It  has  1  church,  3  or  4  stores,  and  from  30  to  40 
dwellings. 

Cherokee,  p-o.,  Cass  co.,  Ga.,  135  n.  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  654  W. 

Cherokee  Corner,  p-v.,  Oglethorpe  co.,  Ga., 
77  n.  Milledgeville,  602  W. 

Cherokee  Heights,  p-o.,  Abbeville  dist.,  S. 
C,  118  w.  Columbia,  555  W. 

Cherokee  Iron  Works,  p-v.,  York  dist.,  S. 
C,  104  n.  Columbia,  455  W. 

Cherry,  p-o.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  130  n.  Harris- 
burg,  241  W. 

Cherry  Corner,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,  Tenn.,  108 
w.  Nashville,  794  W. 

Cherry,  t.,  Butler  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$1,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $5,050.  4  sch.  109  scholars.  Pop. 
625. 

Cherry  Creek,  p-t.,  Chautauque  co.,  N.  Y., 
20  e.  Mayville,  324  w.  by  s.  Albany,  340  W. 
The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  clay  and  sandy  loam. 
Drained  by  Connewango  cr.,  and  some  tributaries. 
The  v.  has  1  church,  2  stores,  2  saw  m.,  30  dwel- 
lings, and  200  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.,  1 
tannery,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,105.  9 
sch.  355  scholars.     Pop.  1,144. 

Cherryfield,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  30  w. 
Macluas,  116  e.  by  n.  Augusta.  It  is  situated  at 
the  head  of  tide  water  on  both  sides  of  Narra- 

faugus  r.,  with  a  pleasant  village,  and  considera- 
te trade.  It  has  18  stores,  cap.  $25,365 ;  4  lum- 
ber yards,  cap.  $21,000 ;  1  tannery,  3  grist  m., 
22  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $145,295.  7  sch. 
266  scholars.     Pop.  1,003. 

Cherry  Fork,  p-o.,  Wayne  t.,  Adams  co.,  O., 
104  s.  by  w.  Columbus,  450  W. 
Cherry  Grove,  p-o.,  Lauderdale  co.,  Ala. 
Cherry  Grove,  p-o.,  Jo  Daviess  co.,  111.,  190 
N.  by  w.  Springfield,  853  W. 
Cherry  Grove,  v.,  St.  Clair  co.,  111.,  8  n.  e. 
16 


Belleville,  the  capital.  It  has  a  considerable  pop- 
ulation, composed  chiefly  of  Germans. 

Cherry  Grove,  p-o.,  Scott  co.,  Ark,  98  w.  by 
N.  Little  Rock,  1,163  W. 

Chkrry  Lake,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  Flor. 

Cherry  Ridge,  p-v.,  Dyberry  t.,  Wayno  co., 
Pa.,  167  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  261  W. 

Cherry  Tree,  p-t.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  230  n. 
w.  by  w.  Harrisburg,  304  W.  The  surface  is 
rolling,  and  the  soil  loam.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$2,(RH)  ;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  <  'ap.  m 
manufac.  $15,000.     1  sch.  15  scholars.   Pop.  598. 

Cherry  Valley,  p-t.,  Otsego  co.,  N.  Y.,55  w 
Albany,  11  n.  e.  Cooperstown,  380  W.  The 
surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  calcareous  mould.  Drained 
by  Cherry  Valley  cr.  and  its  branches,  which 
flow  s.,  and  the  head  branches  of  Canaioharie 
cr.,  which  flows  n.  into  the  Mohawk.  It  has  ex- 
tensive water  power.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the 
Great  Western  Turnpike,  52  w.  Albany,  was 
incorporated  in  1812,  and  contains  1  Presbyteri- 
an, 1  Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist  church,  a  hank- 
ing house,  15  stores,  1  grist  m.,  a  cloth  dressing 
establishment,  a  flourishing  academy,  180  dwell- 
ings, and  about  1,100  inhabitants.     Pop.  of  the  t., 


ngs,  and 
J,923.    It 


has  10  stores,  cap.  29,900 ;  1  furnace, 
1  fulling  m.,  5  tanneries,  1  printing  office,  1 
weekly  newspaper,  5  grist  m.,  24  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  49,000.  1  acad.  30  students,  18  sen. 
752  scholars. 

Cherry  Valley,  p-t.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.,  202 
N.  E.  Columbus,  325  W.  Organized  in  182  S. 
About  half  the  t.  is  rolling,  and  the  rest  level, 
and  excellent  for  grazing.  The  principal  exports 
are  neat  cattle,  beef,  pork,  butter  and  cheese. 
It  has  an  industrious  and  enterprising  popula- 
tion.   It  has  7  sch.  255  scholars.    Pop.  690. 

Cherryville,  p-v.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  107 
e.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  200  W.  It  contains  1  store, 
and  a  few  dwellings. 

Cherryville,  p-o.,  Haywood  co.,  Tenn.,  154 
w.  s.  w.  Nashville,  837  W. 

Chesapeake  Bay,  Md.,  is  about  200  miles 
long,  and  from  7  to  20  broad,  and  generally  9 
fathoms  deep,  being  the  largest  bay  in  the  Uni- 
ted States.  Its  entrance  is  wholly  in  the  state 
of  Virginia,  between  Cape  Charles  on  the  N.,  and 
Cape  Henry  on  the  s.,  which  are  about  12  or  15 
miles  apart.  But  the  bay  lies  mostly  in  Mary- 
land, dividing  the  state  into  2  parts,  called  the 
Eastern  and  the  Western  shore.  This  great  bay 
furnishes  many  fine  harbors,  and  a  safe  and  con- 
venient navigation.  The  Susquehanna  r.  at  its 
northern  termination,  the  Potomac  r.  on  the  w., 
and  James  r.  near  its  mouth,  are  the  largest  rivers 
which  flow  into  it.  Besides  these  are  the  Rap- 
pahannock, the  Patuxent,  the  Patapsco,  Ches- 
ter r.,  Elk  r.,  Choptank,  Nanticoke,  and  many 
others.  The  entire  surface  drained  by  the  rivers 
which  flow  into  the  Chesapeake,  has  been  es- 
timated at  70,000  sq.  ms. 

Chesapeake  City,  p-v.,  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  84  n. 
e.  Annapolis,  96  W.  Situated  immediately  be- 
low the  mouth  of  Elk  r. 

Cheshire,  county,  N.  H.,  in  the  s.  w.  part  of 
the  state,  contains  442  sq.  ms.  Watered  by 
Ashuelot  r.  and  its  branches,  and  some  smaller 
streams.  Connecticut  r.  on  its  w.  border,  is 
wholly  within  the  co.,  its  western  bank  being 
the  line  between  N.  H.  and  Vt.  Grand  Monad- 
nock  mountain,  over  3,000  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea,  lies  in  its  s.  e.  part,  between  the  towns 
of  Dublin  and  Jaffrey.  Organized  in  1771. 
Bellows  falls,  in  the  t.  of  Walpole,  a  celebrated 
cataract,  are  within  the  co.  Capital,  Keene. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  29,755,  sheep 
74,525,  swine  10,020  ;  wheat  28,641  bush,  produ- 


CHE 


122 


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ced  rye  41,808,  Ind.  corn  118,268,  buckwheat 
4  930  barley  2 1.498,  oats  156,216,  potatoes  689,730, 
sugar  189,287  pounds  ;  81  stores,  cap.  $288,000;  3 
furnaces,  1  forge,  18  fulling  m.,  18  woollen  fac,  6 
cotton  fac.  4,494  sp.,  26  tanneries,  2  glass  fac,  50 
grist  m.,  128  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.,  1  paper  fac,  2 
printing  offices,  2  binderies,  3  periodicals,  2 
weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $758,052. 
11  acad.  610  students,  228  sch.  5,796  scholars. 
Pop.  1830,  27,016  ;  1840,  26,429. 

Cheshire,  p-t,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  130  w. 
by  n.  Boston,  387  W.  Watered  by  Hoosack  r. 
Incorporated  in  1793.  The  surface  is  mountain- 
ous, and  the  soil  productive,  being  particularly 
adapted  to  grazing.  It  is  little  less  celebrated 
for  its  cheese,  than  the  county  of  the  same  name 
in  England.  In  1801,  its  inhabitants  presented 
to  President  Jefferson,  a  cheese  weighing  1,200 
pounds.  Its  manufactures  consist  chiefly  of 
leather,  shoes,  and  window  glass.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $5,000 ;  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  8  sch. 
160  scholars.    Pop.  985. 

Cheshire,  p-t.,  New  Haven  co.,  Ct.,  25  s.  s. 
w.  Hartford,  314  W.  Formed  in  1780,  from 
Wallingford  t.  Watered  by  Quinnipiac  r.  The 
surface  is  uneven,  the  soil  gravelly  loam,  and 
fertile.  The  v.  contains  3  churches,  1  Congre- 
gational and  1  Episcopal,  and  an  Episcopal  acad- 
emy, which  has  a  principal,  and  a  professor  of 
languages,  a  convenient  brick  edifice,  and  a  fund 
of  $25,000,  and  is  one  of  the  best  endowed  in- 
stitutions of  the  kind  in  the  state.  There  are  in 
the  t.,  6  stores,  cap.  $10,800  ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  tan- 
neries, 2  distilleries,  3  powder  m.,  2  grist  m.,  5 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $260,200.  1  acad.  40 
students,  12  sch.  363  scholars.    Pop.  1,529. 

Cheshire,  p-v.,  Canandaigua  t.,  Ontario  co., 
N.  Y.,  203  w.  by  n.  Albany,  346  W.  It  has  2 
stores,  1  grist  m.,  2  sawm.,  and  12  or  15  dwellings. 

Cheshire,  p-t.,  Gallia  co.,  O.,  102  s.  s.  e. 
Columbus,  349  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  Ohio  r., 
and  has  2  stores,  cap.  $7,500.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$500.    Pop.  791. 

Chester  Bluff,  p-o.,  Dyer  co.,  Tenn.,  157 
w.  Nashville,  840  W. 

Chesnut  Creek,  p-o.,  Autauga  co.,  Ala.,  80  s. 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  813  W. 

Chesnut  Flat,  p-o.,  Walker  co.,  Ga. 

Chesnut  Grove,  p-o.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa. 

Chesnut  Grove,  p-o.,  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va., 
175  w.  s.  w.  Richmond,  258  W. 

Chesnut  Grove,  p-o.,  Chester  dist.,  S.  C,  64 
n.  e.  Columbia,  445  W. 

Chesnut  Grove,  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,  Ky.,  23  w. 
Frankfort,  565  W. 

Chesnut  Grove,  p-o.,  Davidson  co.,  Tenn., 
20  Nashville,  704  W. 

Chesnut  Hill,  p-o.,  Strafford  co.,  N.  H,  49 
E.  Concord,  513  W. 

Chesnut  Hill,  p-v.,  Germantown  t.,  Phila- 
delphia co.,  Pa.,  9  w.  Philadelphia.  It  has  2 
stores,  80  or  90  dwellings,  and  5  or  600  inhabi- 
tants. It  is  a  healthy  place  of  summer  resort 
from  Philadelphia. 

Chesnut  Hill,  p-o.,  Northumberland  co.,  Va., 
95  e.  by  n.  Richmond,  156  W 

w^^v^sV1511100-'^107-- 

.,  i;:!lSnaUpolS,IL6L18^'  ^^  *>1  *"  1W 
Chesnut  Hilt    t.,  Monroe  co.,  Pa.    The  sur- 
face is  partly  hilly,  partly  level.    Watered  by 
, 6ad  S  CTii  Lha1  a  Lutheran  church,  and    1 
store,  cap.  $1,500 ;  5  grist  m.,  19  saw  m     Can  in 
manufac  $1,100.  lOsch.  374'scholaTs.  Pop  1P318 
Chesnut  Level,  p-o.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  53 
s.  e.  Harnsburg,  95  W  ' 


Chesnut  Ridge,  a  branch  of  the  Alleghany 
mountains,  extending  from  Md.,  n.  e.  through 
Fayette  and  Westmoreland  counties,  Pa. 

Chesnut  Ridge,  p-o.,  Dover  t.,  Dutchess  co., 
N.  Y.,  78  s.  by  e.  Albany,  315  W. 

Chest,  p-t.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  150  n.  w.  Har- 
risburg,  240  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  bro- 
ken, the  soil  loam.  Watered  by  w.  branch  of 
Susquehanna  r. 

Chester,  r.,  rises  in  Kent  co.,  Del.,  and  flows 
through  Md.,  into  a  large  estuary  of  Chesapeake 
bay.    It  is  navigable  30  ms.  to  Chestertown. 

Chester,  county,  Pa.  Situated  in  the  s.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  792  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  in  the  e.  is  level  or  rolling,  and  in  the 
w.  hilly  or  mountainous.  The  soil  is  various, 
but  highly  cultivated.  Drained  by  Brandywine 
cr.,  and  French  cr.,  a  branch  of  the  Schuylkill 
r.,  and  the  head  waters  of  Elk  r.  The  Colum- 
bia and  Philadelphia  railroad  passes  through  it. 
Capital,  Westchester.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  61,398,  sheep  56,672,  swine  6-1,543; 
wheat  433,132  bush,  produced,  rye  86.147,  Ind. 
corn  826,413,  buckwheat  24,565,  barley  45,255, 
oats  1,079,745,  potatoes  316,791,  hops  941  pounds, 
silk  cocoons  905;  219  stores,  cap.  $692,100;  14 
lumber  yards,  cap.  $26,050  ;  3  furnaces,  10  forges, 
11  fulling  m.,  19  woollen  fac,  18  cotton  fac. 
16,268  sp.,  3  dyeing  and  print,  estab.,  37  tanne- 
ries, 2  distilleries,  2  breweries,  6  potteries,  27 
flouring  m.,  115  grist  m.,  150  saw  m.,  20  oil  m., 
26  paper  fac,  4  printing  offices,  4  weekly  news- 
papers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $686,365.  13  acad. 
859  students,  219  sch.  7,717  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 
50,910;  1840,  57,515. 

Chester,  district,  S.  C.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  600  sq.  ms.  Ca- 
tawba r.  bounds  it  on  the  e.,  and  Broad  r.  on  the 
w.  The  surface  is  agreeably  diversified.  Cap- 
ital, Chesterville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  18,524,  sheep  9,831,  swine  31,103;  wheat 
46,307  bush,  produced,  rye  2,385,  Ind.  corn 
714.581,  oats  44,561,  potatoes  16,252,  cotton 
1,844,102  pounds;  22  stores,  cap.  $154,300;  6 
tanneries,  5  flouring  m.,  24  grist  m.,  14  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $42,720.  2  acad.  70  students,  21 
sch.  527  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 17,182  ;  1840,  whites 
9,889,  slaves  7,722,  free  col'd  136  ;  total,  17,747. 

Chester,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.,  22  s. 
s.  E.  Concord,  463  W.  Watered  by  a  branch  of 
Exeter  r.  Massabesick  pond  in  the  N.  w.  part 
of  the  t.,  contains  1,500  acres.  The  surface  is 
elevated  and  rolling,  with  some  extensive  mea- 
dows, and  the  soil  is  fertile.  The  v.  which  is  a 
place  of  considerable  business,  occupies  an  ele- 
vated position,  commanding  an  extensive  prospect. 
It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $12,000 ;  2  tanneries,  5  grist 
m.,  14  sawm.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $21,825.  1  acad. 
30  students,  19  sch.  746  scholars.     Pop.  2,173. 

Chester,  t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.  It  has  5 
sch.  124  scholars.     Pop.  277. 

Chester,  p-t.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  83  s.  Mont- 
pelier,  457  W.  Chartered  by  N.  H.,  in  1754, 
first  settled  in  1764.  The  surface  is  uneven, 
and  the  soil  fertile.  It  has  2  pleasant  villages. 
The  religious  denominations  are  Congregation- 
alists,  Baptists,  Methodists,  and  Universalists. 
The  Baptist  church  was  long  under  the  care  of 
Elder  Aaron  Leland,  who  was  lieutenant  gov- 
ernor of  the  state.  The  s.  village  has  a  Baptist 
church,  and  a  flourishing  academy,  with  a  3 
story  brick  edifice,  and  various  manufacturing 
establishments.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $20,000;  1 
lulling  m.,  1  tannery,  4  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $20,127.  1  acad.  267  students,  20 
sch.  752  scholars.     Pop.  2,305. 

Chester,  p-t.,  Eaton  co.  Mich.    Pop.  195. 


CHE 


123 


CITE 


Chester,  p-t.,  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  116\v.  b* 
s.  Boston,  380  W.  Incorporated  in  1765.  The 
surface  is  mountainous,  and  the  soil  good  for 
grazing.  Watered  by  branches  of  Westfield  r., 
which  afford  water  power.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$6,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  cotton  fac. 
12,092  sp.,  3  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $32,000.  7  sch.  205  scholars.  Pop.  1,632. 

Chester,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Ct.,  31  s.  by  e. 
Hartford,  340  W.  It  has  Haddam  on  the  n.,  and 
Saybrook  on  the  s.  It  has  great  water  power, 
and  some  manufactories.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$15,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $30,300.  6  sch.  226  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  974. 

Chester,  p-v.,  Goshen  t,  Orange  co.,  N.  Y., 
102  s.  by  w.  Albany,  277  W.  It  has  1  church, 
5  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  30  dwellings. 
It  is  on  the  line  of  the  New  York  and  Erie  rail- 
road, and  is  a  great  market  for  cattle. 

Chester,  t.,  Warren  co.,  N.  Y.,  18  n.  w. 
Caldwell,  80  n.  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly 
and  mountainous  ;  soil,  sandy  loam,  productive  in 
the  valleys.  Watered  by  Hudson  r.  and  its  tri- 
butaries. Schroon  lake  lies  on  its  n.  e.  border. 
It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $13,000;  2  fulling  m.,  2  tan- 
neries, 2  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.,  15  sch.  525  scholars. 
Pop.  1,633. 

Chester,  p-t.,  Morris  co.,  N.  J.,  50  n.  by  e. 
Trenton,  224  W.  The  surface  is  rolling,  and  the 
soil  a  loam,  under  good  cultivation.  Drained  by 
Black  r.,  and  tributaries  of  the  w.  branch  of  Ra- 
ritan  r.  The  v.  extends  for  more  than  a  mile 
along  the  foot  of  an  isolated  mountain,  and  con- 
tains 2  churches,  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Congre- 
gational, 3  stores,  and  over  30  dwellings.  There 
are  in  the  t.,  4  stores,  cap.  $8,000  ;  2  fulling  m.,  1 
tannery,  10  distilleries,  3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $23,250.   7  sch.  382  scholars.  Pop.  1,321. 

Chester,  p-v.,  capital  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa., 
94  e.  s.  E.  Harrisburg,  14  s.  w.  Philadelphia,  124 
W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank  of  Delaware  r., 
and  is  the  oldest  town  in  Pa.,  settled  long  before 
the  grant  of  Wm.  Penn,  in  1681.  Originally 
called  Upland,  and  received  its  present  name  in 
1701.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and  other 
county  buildings,  1  Friends  church,  4  stores,  an 
athenaeum,  a  bank,  and  140  dwellings,  mostly 
of  stone  or  brick.  Some  of  the  original  houses 
are  yet  standing.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,300  ;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  cotton  fac,  3  potteries,  1  printing 
office,  1  weekly  paper.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$25,650.    4  sch.  244  scholars.    Pop.  1,790. 

Chester,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  w.  bank 
of  the  Delaware  r.    Pop.  1,993. 

Chester,  p-v.,  Randolph  co.,  HI.,  149  s.  E. 
Springfield,  841  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  bank  of 
Mississippi  r.,  2  ms.  below  the  mouth  of  the  Kas- 
kaskia  r.  It  is  on  an  elevated  strip  of  bottom 
land,  at  the  foot  of  the  bluffs,  and  is  a  commer- 
cial depot  for  the  country  back.  Pop.  between 
3  and  400. 

Chester,  t.,  Wabash  co.,  la.  It  has  1  sch. 
20  scholars.    Pop.  536. 

Chester,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Chester  dist., 
S.  C,  57  n.  by  w.  Columbia,  452  W.  Situated 
on  the  dividing  ridge,  between  the  waters  of 
Broad  and  Wateree  rs.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Chester,  p-v.,  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga.,  82  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  656  W. 

Chester,  p-t.,  Meigs  co.,  O.,  95  s.  s.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 334  W.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  n. 
side  of  Shade  r.,  which  flows  into  the  Ohio  r. 
There  are  in  the  t.,  8  stores,  cap.  $14,800;  4 
tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $1,600.    8  sch.  332  scholars.    Pop.  1.479. 


Chester,  t.,  Burlington  co.,  N.  J.,  9  s.  w. 
Mount  Holly.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  sand  or 
sandy  loam,  of  good  quality,  and  well  cultivated. 
Drained  by  Rancocus  and  Pensauken  creeks ; 
and  by  Pompeston  cr.,  and  Swedes  branch, 
both  of  which  empty  immediately  into  the  Dela- 
ware. It  produces  grass,  grain,  vegetables  and 
fruits.  It  has  10  stores,  cap.  $25,200  ;  2  distille- 
ries, 3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$37,100.    9  sch.  467  scholars.     Pop.  2,603. 

Chester,  t.,  Knox  co.,  O.-,  50  n.  n.  e.  Colum- 
bus. Watered  by  a  branch  of  Vernon  r.,  which 
affords  mill  seats.  Chesterville  p-v.  is  in  this  town, 
which  see.   It  has  8  sch.  240  scholars.   Pop.  1,295 . 

Chester,  t.,  Butler  co.,  O.    Pop.  190. 

Chester,  t.,  Clinton  co.  O.  Watered  by  trib- 
utaries of  Little  Miami  r.  It  has  a  fine  soil,  well 
improved.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $6,800;  1  fulling 
m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  1 
girst  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$8,575.     10  sch.  675  scholars.     Pop.  1,784. 

Chester,  t.,  Geauga  co.,  O.,  160  n.  e.  Colum- 
bus, 19  e.  Cleveland.  The  surface  is  elevated, 
and  the  soil  is  well  adapted  to  grazing.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $1,000;  1  tannery,  2  saw  m.,  7  sch 
296  scholars.    Pop.  962. 

Chester  Cross  Roads,  p-v.,  Chester  t.,  Ge 
auga  co.,  O.,  159  n.  e.  Columbus,  345  W. 

Chester  Factory,  p-v.,  Chester  t.,  Hampden 
co.,  Mass.,  113  w.  by  s.  Boston,  380  W. 

Chesterfield,  county,  Va.,  has  James  r.  on 
the  n.  and  n.  e.,  and  Appomattox  r.  on  the  s.  and 
s.  w.  It  contains  456  square  ms.  The  surface 
is  somewhat  broken.  Capital,  Chesterfield  OH. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,697,  sheep  7,225, 
swine  16,595  ;  wheat  34,414  bushels  produced, 
Indian  corn  284,870,  oats  156,033,  potatoes  9,743, 
silk  cocoons  100  pounds,  tobacco  680,005  pounds, 
cotton  5,718 ;  26  stores,  cap.  $20,475 ;  8  cotton 
fac.  20,110  sp.,  3  flouring  m.,  19  grist  m.,  12  saw 
m.  Cap.  manufac.  $935,100.  22  sch.  420  schol- 
ars. Pop.  1830, 1 1,689 ;  1840,  whites  7,859,  slaves 
8,702  free  col'd  587;  total,  17,148. 

Chesterfield,  district,  S.  C,  situated  in  the 
N.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  750  sq.  ms. 
It  has  Great  Pedee  r.  on  its  N.  E.  border,  and 
Lynch's  cr.  on  its  s.  w.  border ;  Black  cr.  flows 
through  its  centre.  The  soil  on  the  streams  is 
fertile ;  back  of  them,  it  is  sandy  and  poor.  It 
abounds  with  fine  springs  of  pure  water.  Cap- 
ital, Chesterfield  C.  H.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  9,824,  sheep  3,423,  swine  18,834 ;  wheat 
5,859  bush,  produced,  rye  853,  Ind.  corn  198,100, 
oats  16,038,  potatoes  21,620,  cotton  268,122  pounds, 
silk  cocoons  250  ;  28  stores,  cap.  $202,100 ;  3  tan- 
neries, 1  flouring  m.,  45  grist  m.,  16  saw  m.,  1  print- 
ing office,  1  bindery,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $40,910.  Pop.  1830, 8,472 ;  1840, whites 
5,537,  slaves  2,871,  free  col'd  165;  total,  8,574. 

Chesterfield,  p-t.,  Cheshire  co.,  N.  H.,  59 
s.  w.  Concord,  430  W.  It  lies  on  Connecticut  r., 
opposite  to  Brattleboro',  Vt.  The  land  on  the 
shore  of  Connecticut  r.  is  elevated.  The  surface 
is  varied,  and  the  soil  well  adapted  to  grazing, 
and  to  Indian  corn.  Cat's  Bane  brook  furnishes 
mill  seats,  as  does  also  Partridge's  brook.  Spaf- 
ford's  lake  is  a  beautiful  sheet  of  very  pure  wa- 
ter, and  covers  526  acres.  The  principal  v.  has 
a  church,  and  a  flourishing  academy,  founded  in 
1794.  There  are  in  the  t.  4  stores,  cap.  $9,500 ; 
1  cotton  fac.  500  sp.,  3  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,8  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $27,352.  1  acad.  71  stu- 
dents, 14  sch.  575  scholars.    Pop.  1,765 

Chesterfield,  p-t.,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  106 
w.  Boston,  11  w.  N.  w.  Northampton,  393  W. 
The  surface  is  elevated  and  rough,  and  the  soil 
productive  in  grass  and  Indian  com.   Drained  by 


CHE 


124 


CHI 


a~br^ch~of  Westfield  r,  which  affords  good  wa- 
ter power.  Many  sheep  are  kept  in  the  t.  It 
has  4  stores,  cap.  $14,50j);  3  grist,  m  / saw  m., 
1  acad.,  10  sch.  411  scholars.     Pop.  1,132. 

Chesterfield,  p  v.,  Montville  t.,  New  Lon- 
don co ,  X*  36  s.'eP  Hartford,  360  W.  It  has  a 
Congregational  and  a  Baptist  church. 

Chesterfield,  p-t.,  Lucas  co.,  O.,  170  n.  n.  w. 
Columbus,  501  W.  Watered  by  Bean  cr.,  abranch 
of  Maumee  r.  It  has  2  sch.  86  scholars  Pop.  301. 
Chesterfield,  t.,  Burlington  co.,  N.  J.,  12  n. 
e.  Mount  Holly.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil 
sandy,  mixed  with  clay  and  loam.  Drained  by 
Crosswick's  and  Black  creeks,  tributaries  of  Del- 
aware r.,  which  bounds  it  on  the  w.  It  contains 
the  v  of  Bordentown.  It  has  22  stores,  cap. 
$58,000  ;  2  distilleries,  3  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $55,900.  11  sch.  557  scholars.  Pop.  3,433. 
Chesterfield,  p-o.,  Macoupin  co.,  111.,  49  s. 
s.  w.  Springfield,  821  W. 

Chesterfield,  t.,  Essex  co.,  N.  \ .,  150  n. 
Albany.  It  has  Lake  Champlain  on  its  e.  bor- 
der. Surface  hilly  and  mountainous  ;  soil,  sandy 
loam  and  clay.  Drained  by  Ausable  r.  It  has 
a  landing  place  at  Port  Douglass,  and  the  villages 
of  Port  Kent  and  Keeseville.  It  has  4  forges,  14 
stores,  cap.  $42,200 ;  3  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fee., 
2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  papers,  3  grist  m.,  19 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $127,780.  8  sch.  447 
scholars.     Pop.  2,716. 

Chesterfield,  p-o.,  capital  of  Chesterfield 
co.,  Va.,  16  s.  by  w.  Richmond,  133  W.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Chesterfield,  p-v.,  capital  of  Chesterfield 
district,  S.  C,  105  n.  n.  e.  Columbia,  435  W. 
Situated  on  the  s.  w.  side  of  Thompson's  cr.,  a 
branch  of  Great  Pedee  r.  It  contains  a  court  house 
and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Chesterfield  Factory,  Chesterfield  town, 
Cheshire  co.,  N.  H.,  56  s.  w.  Concord,  433  W. 

Chester  Hill,  p.o.,  Athens  co.,  O.,  83  s.  E. 
Columbus,  326  W. 

Chester  Springs,  p-o.,  Pikeland  t.,  Chester 
co.,  Pa.,  72  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  150  W.  This  is  a 
pleasant  watering  place. 

Chestertown,  p-v.,  Chester  t.,  Warren  co., 
N.  Y.,  81  n.  Albany,  456  W.  It  contains  3 
churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Meth- 
odist— 6  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  tannery,  1 
clothier's  works,  50  dwellings,  and  about  350 
inhabitants. 

Chestertown,  p-v.,  seaport,  and  capital  of 
Kent  co.,  Md.,  54  n.  e.  Annapolis,  94  W.  Situ- 
ated on  the  w.  side  of  Chester  r.,  30  miles  above 
its  entrance  into  Chesapeake  bay.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  2  churches,  a  branch  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  called  Washington  college, 
with  a  spacious  edifice.  A  bridge  here  crosses 
Chester  r.     Pop.  nearly  1,000. 

Chesterville,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  26  n. 
w.  Augusta,  611  W.  Watered  by  Wilson's 
stream,  a  branch  of  Sandy  r.  Incorporated  in 
1802.  The  soil  is  excellent,  adapted  to  wheat.  It 
has  2  stores,  cap.  $2,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanner- 
ies, 3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac. 
$2,500.    4  sch.  296  scholars.    Pop.  1,098. 

Chesterville,  p-o.,  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  180  n.  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  290  W. 

Chesterville,  p-v.,  Chester  t.,  Knox  co.,  O., 
53  n.  N.  E.  Columbus,  339  W.  It  contains  1 
church,  5  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  tan- 
nery, 50  dwellings,  2  sch.  230  scholars,  and  283 
inhabitants. 


0  Chetimaciies,  lake,  La.,  between  Atchafa- 
laya  and  Teche  rivers.  It  receives  its  waters 
from  the  former,  in  time  of  high  water,  and  dis- 
charges them  at  all  seasons  into  it  again,  15  miles 
above  its  entrance  into  the  sea.  It  is  40  miles 
long,  and  from  1  to  6  broad,  shallow,  and  sur- 
rounded by  a  low  and  marshy  country,  which 
is  annually  overflowed. 

Chesuncook,  lake,  Me.,  10  n.  e.  Moosehead 
lake.     The  Penobscot  r.  passes  through  it. 

Cheviot,  p-v.,  Green  t.,  Hamilton  co.,  O.,  7 
n.  w.  Cincinnati,  122  s.  w.  Columbus,  496  W. 

Chew's  Landing,  p-v.,  Gloucester  t.,  Glouces- 
ter co.,  N.  J.,  38  s.  s.  e.  Trenton,  148  W.  Situ- 
ated on  the  n.  branch  of  Big  Timber  cr.  It  has 
2  churches— 1  Episcopal  and  1  Methodist— 3 
stores,  2  grist  m.,  and  about  50  dwellings.  It  ex- 
ports considerable  lumber  and  wood,  and  has 
considerable  business. 

Chewsville,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Md.,  105 
N.  w.  Annapolis,  73  W. 

Chicago,  r.,  111.,  which  forms  the  harbor  of 
Chicago,  near  the  s.  end  of  Lake  Michigan,  is 
composed  of  two  branches;  the  n.,  which  is 
about  40  miles  long,  rises  near  the  n.  boundary 
of  Illinois,  and  unites  with  the  s.  branch  i  of 
a  mile  from  its  entrance  into  the  lake.  The  s. 
branch  is  only  about  6  miles  long,  but  is  suffi- 
ciently deep  to  afford  a  secure  harbor  for  vessels 
of  any  burden,  which  navigate  the  lake.  The 
natural  portage  from  the  Chicago  r.  to  the  Des 
Plaines  r.,  a  head  branch  of  Illinois  r.,  is  only  6 
ms.,  and  is  so  low  that,  at  high  water,  it  is  often 
overflowed,  so  that  boats  can  pass  from  river  to 
river. 

Chicago,  city,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Cook  co., 
111.,  204  N.  N.  e.  Springfield,  717  W.  It  is  beau- 
tifully situated  on  level  ground,  sufficiently  ele- 
vated to  secure  it  from  ordinary  floods,  on  both 
sides  of  a  r.  of  the  same  name,  between  the  junc- 
tion of  its  N.  and  s.  branches  and  its  entrance  into 
Lake  Michigan,  a  distance  of  $  of  a  mile.  It  ex- 
tends along  the  lake  shore  for  a  mile.  The  r.  is 
here  from  50  to  75  yards  wide,  and  from  15  to  25 
feet  deep.  The  bar  at  the  mouth  has  only  about 
3  feet  of  water.  An  artificial  harbor  has  been 
made  by  the  construction  of  piers,  which  extend 
on  each  side  of  the  entrance  of  the  river  for  some 
distance  into  the  lake,  to  prevent  the  accumula- 
tion of  sand  upon  the  bar.  It  contains  the  county 
buildings,  a  U.  S.  land  office,  8  churches— 2 
Presbyterian,  1  Methodist,  1  Baptist,  1  Episcopal, 
1  Universalist,  1  Unitarian,  and  1  Roman  Cath 
olic — an  academy,  a  fire  insurance  company, 
and  water  works.  Numerous  steamboats  and 
vessels  ply  between  tins  place  and  Buffalo,  and 
the  various  intermediate  places  on  the  upper 
lakes.  Back  of  the  city,  toward  the  Des  Plaines 
r.,  is  a  fertile  prairie,  which  for  the  first  3  or  4 
miles  is  elevated  and  dry.  Along  the  n.  branch 
of  the  Chicago  and  the  lake  shore  are  extensive 
bodies  of  fine  timber.  White  pine  lumber  is  ob- 
tained from  the  regions  about  Green  bay  and 
Grand  r.,  in  Michigan,  and  across  the  lake  from 
St.  Joseph's  r.  The  canal  now  in  progress  from 
this  place  to  the  Illinois  r.  will  add  to  its  impor- 
tance and  business.  It  is  60  feet  wide  at  top,  and 
6  feet  deep,  105  ms.  in  length,  including  a  feeder 
of  4  ms.,  and  5  ms.  of  river  navigation,  and  is  es- 
timated to  cost  $8,654,337.  The  imports  of  the 
place  amount  to  over  $3,500,000.  It  had  in  1840, 
4  foreign  commission  houses,  with  a  capital  of 
$35,300 ;  97  retail  stores,  cap.  $400,300  ;  11  lum- 
ber yards,  cap.  $38,900 ;  1  furnace,  cap.  $20,000 ; 
1  distillerv,  2  flouring  m.,  3  printing  offices,  1 


Chesterville,  p-v.,  Gibson  co.,  Tenn.,  148 
w.  Nashville,  830  W. 

Chess  Springs,  p-o.,  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  140  w.  bindery,  2  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers,  and 
by  n.  Harrisburg,  194  W.  1 1  periodical,  14  brick  and  stone  houses,  and  41 


CHI 


125 


CHI 


wooden  houses,  built  during  the  year,  and  cost 
$57,500.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $61,950.  11  sch. 
397  scholars.     Pop.  4,470. 

Chichester,  p-t.,  Merrimac  co.,  N.  H.,  8  e. 
Concord,  489  W.  The  surface  is  generally  level ; 
soil,  good,  with  little  waste  land.  First  settled  in 
1758.  Watered  by  Suncook  r.,  which  affords 
water  power.  A  Congregational  church  was  or- 
ganized in  1791.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $2,500;  2 
tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $1,755.    8  sch.  390  scholars.     Pop.  1,028. 

Chickahominy,  r.,  Va.,  rises  about  25  ras.  n. 
W.  Richmond,  and  forms  the  boundary  between 
several  counties,  and  after  a  course  of  60  ms.  it 
enters  James  r.  37  ms.  above  Point  Comfort. 

Chickahominy,  p-o.,  Hanover  co.,  Va.,  13  n. 
Richmond,  122  W. 

Chickalack.  p-o.,  Pope  co.,  Ark.,  80  n.  w. 
Little  Rock,  1,145  W. 

Chickamauga,  r.,  in  the  n.  w.  part  of  Ga.,  en- 
ters Tennessee  r.  in  the  state  of  Tennessee,  a 
few  miles  above  Lookout  mountain. 

Chickapee,  r.,  Ms.,  rises  in  Worcester  co., 
and  runs  s.  w.  into  Connecticut  r.,  in  the  n.  part 
of  Springfield. 

Chickapee  Falls,  p-v.,  Springfield  t.,  Hamp- 
den co.,  Ms.,  87  w.  s.  w.  Boston,  368  W.  Situa- 
ted on  the  e.  side  of  Chickapee  r.,  2  ms.  from  its 
entrance  into  the  Connecticut,  and  is  a  flourish- 
ing manufacturing  village.  It  has  3  churches — 
1  Baptist,  1  Congregational,  1  Methodist — 4  cot- 
ton fac,  and  1  paper  fac. 

Chickasaw,  county,  Miss.  Situated  toward 
the  n.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  970  sq.  ms. 
Watered  by  Yallo  Busha  r.  and  Oktibbeha  cr. 
Capital,  Houston.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 6,371,  sheep  704,  swine  8,286 ;  wheat  3,801 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  129,280,  oats  5,151, 
potatoes  6,034,  rice  3,775  pounds,  tobacco  12,286, 
cotton  338,548 ;  2  stores,  cap.  $8,500 ;  4  sch.  93 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,148,  slaves  806,  free 
col'd  1 ;  total,  2,955. 

Chickasaw,  p-o.,  Mercer  co.,  O.,  102  w.  n.  w. 
Columbus,  496  W. 

Chickasawha,  p-o.,  Clarke  co.  Miss.,  154  E.  by 
s.  Jackson,  965  W. 

Chickasawha,  r.,  Miss.    (See  Pascagoula.) 

Chicot,  county,  Ark.  Situated  in  the  s.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,800  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Bartholomew,  Boeuff,  and  Macon 
rivers.  The  surface  is  level,  and  some  of  it  lia- 
ble to  submersion ;  the  soil  is  various,  some  of  it 
very  fertile,  and  some  barren.  Capital,  Colum- 
bia. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,494, 
sheep  564,  swine  9,848 ;  Ind.  com  179,580  bush, 
produced,  oats  1,170,  potatoes  15,040,  cotton 
1,114,622  pounds;  53  grist  m.,  1  sch.  13  scholars. 
Pop.  1830,  1,165  ;  1840,  whites  1,105,  slaves  2,698, 
free  col'd  3  ;   total,  3,806. 

Chicktawaga,  t.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y.,  6  e.  Buffalo, 
278  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  undulating,  soil 
productive.  Watered  by  Cayuga  and  Cazenove 
creeks,  head  branches  of  Buffalo  cr.  It  contains 
an  Indian  reservation,  belonging  to  the  Seneca 
tribe,  in  the  s.  part.  It  has  1  distillery,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,800.  3  sch.  78  scholars. 
Pop.  1,137. 

Childsburg,  p-v.,  Fayette  co.,  Ky.,  32  e. 
Frankfort,  530  W. 

Chilesburg,  p-o.,  Caroline  co.,  Va.,  85  n. 
Richmond,  79  W. 

Chilhowee,  p-o.,  Blount  co.,  Tenn.,  197  E.  by 
s,  Nashville,  540  W. 

Chili,  p-t.,  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  s.  w.  Ro- 
chester, 224  w.  by  n.  Albany,  379  W.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating;  soil,  a  fertile  clay  loam. 
Drained  by  Black  cr.,  a  branch  of  Genesee  r., 


which  runs  on  its  e.  border.  It  has 4  stores,  my. 
$18,500;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  Ike,  2  flouring 
m.,  2  saw  m.  (  ap.  in  manufac.  $36,350.  15  sch. 
765  scholars.     Pop.  2,171. 

CHILI,  p  o.,  Coshocton  co.,  O.,  92  n.  e.  Colum- 
bus, 340  W. 

(  niLi,  p-v.,  Hancock  co.,  111.,  109  w.  n.  w. 
Springfield,  882  W. 

Chilicothe,  p-v.,  city,  capital  of  Ross  co.,  O., 
45  s.  Columbus,  400  W.  It  is  handsomely  situ- 
ated on  the  w.  bank  of  Scioto  r.,  in  Scioto  t.  Its 
plan  has  been  thought  to  resemble  that  of  Phila- 
delphia. The  Scioto  washes  its  northern  limit, 
and  Paint  cr.its  southern,  here  I  of  a  mile  a  part. 
The  principal  streets  follow  the  course  of  the  r., 
and  these  are  crossed  by  others  at  right  angles, 
extending  from  the  r.  to  the  cr.  The  two  main 
streets,  which  cross  each  other  at  right  angles  at 
the  centre  of  the  t.,  are  99  feet  wide.  Water 
street,  which  fronts  the  r.,  is  82i  feet  wide  ;  the 
other  streets  are  66  wide.  Founded  in  1796.  It 
has  a  court  house  and  jail,  2  market  houses,  a 
U.  S.  Land  office,  23  stores,  an  elegant  banking 
house,  4  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Associate 
Reformed,  1  Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist — 2  acad. 
85  students.  Pop.  3,977.  In  the  midst  of  the  v. 
was  an  ancient  mound,  now  removed  to  give 
place  for  buildings.  The  Ohio  canal  passes 
through  it.  On  the  w.  side  of  the  v.  is  a  hill 
rising  abruptly  to  the  height  of  300  feet,  from 
which  there  is  a  beautiful  and  extensive  view  of 
the  place,  and  the  surrounding  country. 

Chilicothe,  p-v.,  capital  of  Livingston  co., 
Mo.,  150  n.  w.  Jefferson  city,  1,053  W.  Situated 
3£  ms.  from  the  junction  of' the  E.  and  W.  Forks 
of  Grand  r.,  on  a  prairie.  It  contains  a  court 
house  and  jail.  It  has  2  sch.  40  scholars.  Pop. 
614. 

Chilicothe,  p-v.,  Peoria  co.,  111.,  88  n.  Spring- 
field, 802  W.  It  is  situated  at  the  upper  end  of 
Peoria  Lake. 

Chilliso.uao.ue,  p-t.,  Northumberland  co., 
Pa.,  65  n.  Harrisburg,  482  W.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $3,000;  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  1  grist  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,750.  4  sch.  198  scholars. 
Pop.  1,399. 

Chilmark,  p-t.,  Dukes  co.,  Ms.,  100  s.  s.  e. 
Boston,  482  W.  It  is  situated  in  the  s.  w.  part 
of  the  island  of  Martha's  Vineyard.  At  the  w. 
end  of  the  t.  is  a  peninsula,  owned  in  part  by  the 
native  Indians,  on  the  n.  w.  point  of  which  is  the 
promontory  called  Gay  Head,  which  project*  into 
the  sea,  150  feet,  above  its  level,  on  the  summit 
of  which  is  a  light-house.  In  the  s.  w.  part  of 
the  t.  is  a  projecting  point  denominated  Squib- 
nocket.  There  are  3  churches — 2  Congrega- 
tional and  1  Methodist.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$1,100;  1  woollen  fac,  2  grist  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $1,375.  4  sch.  135  scholars.  Population, 
702. 

Chilo,  p-v.,  Franklin  t.,  Clermont  co.,  O., 
123  s.  w.  Columbus,  483  W.  Situated  on  the  n. 
bank  of  the  Oluo  r.  It  was  called  Mechanicsburg 
until  1820. 

Chimney  Point,  p-o.,  Addison  t.,  Addison  co., 
Vt.,  86  s.  w.  Montpelier,  482  W.  It  lies  on  Lake 
Champlain,  nearly  opposite  to  Ticonderoga,  N. 
York. 

China,  p-t.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  21  e.  by  n. 
Augusta,  616  W.  Watered  by  a  fine  small  lake, 
called  Twelve  Mile  Pond,  the  outlet  of  which 
flows  into  a  branch  of  the  Kennebec,  and  affords 
good  mill  seats.  The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated  on 
the  margin  of  this  lake,  and  has  a  steam  saw  m., 
and  an  academy.  The  t.  produces  good  wheat 
It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $22,100  ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  tan- 
neries, 4  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac. 


CHI 


126 


CHO 


$23  785!  1  acad.  155  students,  25  sch.  1,230 
scholars.    Pop.  2,675. 

China,  p-t.,  Wyoming  co.,  N.  Y.,  273  w.  Alba- 
ny 348  W.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  the 
soil  clay  loam,  well  adapted  to  grass.  Drained 
bv  Clear  cr.,  a  branch  of  Cattaraugus  cr.  It  has 
4  stores,  cap.  $10,500;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac $15,300.  15  sch.  568  scholars.  Population, 
1,437.    '  -v      •; 

China,  p-t.,  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  51  n.  n.  e. 
Detroit,  575  W.  Belle  r.  passes  through  its  n.  e. 
corner :  drained  on  the  s.  by  Swan  cr.  It  has i  2 
stores,  cap.  $4,000  ;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $3,000 ; 
1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,400. 

China  Grove,  p-o.,  Rowan  co.,  N.  C,  123  w. 
by  s.  Raleigh,  365  W. 

China  Grove,  p-o.,  Williamsburg  dist.,  S.  C, 
131  e.  s.  e.  Columbia,  476  W. 

China  Grove,  p-o.,  Pike  co.,  Ala.,  149  s.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  860  W. 

China  Grove,  p-o.,  Pike  co.,  Miss.,  101  s. 
Jackson,  1,081  W. 

China  Grove,  p-o.,  Gibson  co.,  Tenn.,  140 
w.Nashville,  824  W. 
China  Hill,  p-o.,  Gadsden  co.,  Flor. 
Chinnebee,  p-o.,  Taladega  co.,  Ala. 
Chippewa,  county,  Mich.    Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  in  the  n.  peninsula,  and  con- 
tains 2,000  sq.  ms.     Bounded  N.  by  Lake  Supe- 
rior, E.  by  Saint  Mary's  river,  and  s.  by  Macki- 
naw county.     It   contained    in    1840,  83   neat 
cattle,  14  sheep,  48  swine;  and  produced  322 
bushels  of  oats,  3,065  of  potatoes,  9,870  pounds 
of  sugar,  2,535  barrels  of  pickled   fish,  capital 
$11,550,  furs  $3,300.     It  had  7  stores,  capital 
$34,300,  1  saw  mill,  2  schools,  81  scholars.    Pop. 
534. 

Chippewa,  river,  Wis.  It  rises  on  the  boun- 
dary line  between  Michigan  and  Wisconsin ;  in- 
terlocking sources  with  Montreal  r.,  of  Lake  Su- 
perior, and  pursuing  a  southern  course,  it  receives 
several  streams,  outlets  of  lakes,  and  Red  Cedar 
r.,  when,  after  a  course  of  150  ms.,  it  enters  the 
Mississippi  immediately  below  Lake  Pepin. 

Chippeway,  t.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  7  n.  w.  Beaver. 
The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  loam.  It  has  1  grist 
m.,- 1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000.  4  sch. 
125  scholars.     Pop.  610. 

Chippewa,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  O.,  113  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 18  n.  e.  Wooster,  336  W.  The  soil  is 
fertile  and  well  cultivated.  The  v.  is  known  on 
the  records  by  the  name  of  Doylestown,  but  the 
p-o.  by  that  of  Chippewa.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$5,500  ;  1  tannery,  3  flouring  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $19,595.  2  sch.  64  scholars.  Pop. 
1,787. 

Chippewayan  Mountains,  is  a  name  often 
given  to  the  great  spine  of  North  America,  ex- 
tending from  the  isthmus  of  Darien  to  the  Arctic 
ocean.  That  portion  of  it  which  lies  within  the 
United  States,  is  generally  called  the  Rocky 
Mountains.  From  these  mountains  flow  the 
great  western  tributaries  of  the  Mississippi. 

Chisholm's  Store,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  N. 
C,  131  w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  398  W. 

Chittenango,  p-o.,  Sullivan  t.,  Madison  co., 
N.  Y.,  120  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  352  W.  Situated  1 
m.  s.  of  the  Erie  canal,  with  which  it  is  connected 
by  a  side-cut.  It  contains  10  stores,  3  churches— 
1  Reformed  Dutch,  1  Presbyterian,  and  1  Metho- 
dist— 1  woollen  fac,  1  flouring  m.,  2  water  lime 
fac,  180  dwellings,  and  about  1,000  inhabitants. 
The  Syracuse  and  Utica  railroad  passes  near  the 
v.,  where  is  a  depot.  There  is  a  mineral  spring 
1  m.  s.  of  the  v.,  the  chief  ingredients  of  which 


are  sulphate  of  lime  and  magnesia,  and  sulphu- 
retted hydrogen  gas,  which  is  useful  in  several 
complaints. 

Chittenango,  cr.,  rises  in  Nelson  t,  Madison 
co.,  and  flows  N.  into  Oneida  lake,  furnishing 
water  power. 

Chittenden,  county,  Vt.  Situated  toward 
the  n.  w.  part  of  Vt.,  and  contains  500  sq.  miles. 
Onion  r.  passes  through  its  centre  ;  and  between 
Burlington  and  Colchester,  at  Winooski  city,  is  a 
fall  of  about  20  feet,  affording  extensive  water 
power.  The  Lamoille  r.  passes  through  its  n.  w. 
corner,  and  Laplotte,  a  small  r.,  passes  through  its 
s.  part.  Lake  Champlain  bounds  it  on  the  w. 
The  soil  varies  from  a  light  sand  to  a  strong  clay 
loam,  and  a  rich  alluvion.  A  part  of  it  was  origi- 
nally covered  with  a  heavy  growth  of  white  pine, 
but  the  greater  part  with  maple,  beech,  and  other 
hard  woods.  The  surface  near  the  lake  shore  is 
level,  but  becomes  uneven  and  mountainous  to- 
ward the  e.  Capital,  Burlington.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  24,142,  sheep  110,774,  swine 
25,310  ;  wheat  29,502  bush,  produced,  rye  31,570, 
Ind.  corn  119,087,  buckwheat  11,575,  barley 
1,305,  oats  131,799,  potatoes  522,792,  silk  cocoons 
157  pounds,  sugar  177,343;  87  stores,  capital 
$490,830  ;  3  lumber  yards,  cap.  $26,000 ;  1  rope 
fac,  11  fulling  m.,  10  woollen  fac,  17  tanneries, 
1  distillery,  1  brewery,  1  glass  fac,  1  pottery,  10 
grist  m.,  58  saw  m.,  2  paper  fac,  3  printing  offices, 
1  bindery,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $362,983.  1  college,  101  students,  3  acad. 
256  students,  144  sch.  5,170  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 
21,765;  1840,22,977. 

Chittenden,  p-t.,  Rutland  co.,  Vt,  12  n.  by 
E.  Rutland,  40  s.  by  w.  Montpelier.  It  lies  on 
the  Green  Mountains.  Chartered  hi  1780.  Wa- 
tered by  Philadelphia  r.,  a  branch  of  Otter 
Creek,  on  the  w.,  and  by  Tweed  r.,  which 
flows  into  White  r.  E. ;  and  it  therefore  occupies 
the  height  of  land  between  Connecticut  r.  and 
Lake  Champlain.  It  has  1  furnace,  5  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac  $2,300 ;  7  sch.  163  scholars. 
Pop.  644. 

Chocchuma,  p-v.,  Tallahatchee  co.,  Miss.,  113 
n.  Jackson,  994  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  side  of 
Yallo  Busha  r. 

Choconut,  p-t.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  189  N. 
N.  E.  Harrisburg,  299  W.  It  has  4  stores,  capital 
$13,300.  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,700.  1  acad.  100 
students,  7  sch.  175  scholars.     Pop.  962. 

Choctaw,  county,  Miss.,  situated  a  little  N.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  920  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  the  head  branches  of  Big  Black  r. 
Capital,  Greensboro.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 10,424,  sheep  2,008,  swine  36,173  ;  wheat  4,006 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  276,202,  oats  2,820,  po- 
tatoes 16,475,  cotton  775,685  pounds;  4  stores, 
cap.  $20,000 ;  15  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $38,400.  15  sch.  303  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  4,443,  slaves  1,564,  free  col'd  3;  total, 
6,010. 

Choctaw  Agency,  p-o.,  Oktibbeha  co.,  Miss., 
117  n.  e.  Jackson,  909  W. 

Choctaw  Agency,  p-o.,  Choctaw  Nation,  Ark., 
166  w.  by  n.  Little  Rock,  1,231  W. 

Choctawhatchee,  r.,  rises  in  Alabama,  and 
after  a  course  of  130  ms.  flows  into  a  bay  of  the 
same  name  in  Florida. 

Choice's  Store,  p-o.,  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga.,  96 
n.  w.  Milledgeville,  667  W. 

Choptank,  r.,  Md.,  on  the  E.  shore,  is  formed 
by  2  main  branches,  one  of  which  rises  in  Del. 
It  empties  into  a  large  estuary  in  Chesapeake 
bay,  and  is  navigable  for  sloops  40  miles  from  its 
mouth. 


CHR 


127 


CIN 


Chota,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Tenn.,  188  e.  s.  e. 
Nashville,  544  W. 

Chowan,  r.,  N.  C,  is  formed  by  the  union  of 
Nottuway,  Meherrin,  and  Blackwater  rs.,  which 
rise  and  run  chiefly  in  Virginia.  It  flows  into 
Albemarle  Sound,  a  little  n.  of  the  mouth  of  the 
Roanoke.  It  is  navigable,  on  the  Meherrin 
branch,  for  large  vessels  to  Murfreesboro,  in  the 
n.  part  of  the  county  of  Hertford,  near  the  line  of 
Virginia. 

Chowan,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  having  Chowan  r.  on  the  w.,  and 
Albemarle  sound  on  the  s.,  and  contains  200  sq. 
ms.  The  surface  is  level,  and  the  soil  produc- 
tive. Capital,  Eden  ton.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  4,139,  sheep  1,387,  swine  15,541; 
wheat  15,349  bush,  produced,  rye  743,  Ind.  corn 
282,909,  oats  13,962,  potatoes  30,337,  cotton 
1,267,297  pounds,  3  com.  houses  in  for.  trade,  cap. 
$6,000;  21  stores,  cap.  $115,400;  cap.  invested 
in  fisheries,  $69,697  ;  2  tanneries,  44  distilleries, 
1  flouring  m.,  14  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.,  2  printing  of- 
fices, 2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$70,020.  2  acad.  143  students,  12  sch.  214  schol- 
ars. Pop.  1830,  6,688 ;  1840,  whites  2,865,  slaves 
3,665,  free  col'd  160;  total,  6,693. 

Christian,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  s. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  612  sq.  ms.  The 
land  in  the  N.  part  is  poor,  but  covered  with  tim- 
ber ;  in  the  s.  w.  are  fertile  barrens,  as  they  are 
called.  The  soil  is  a  fertile  clay,  and  produces 
tobacco,  com,  wheat,  &c.  It  is  the  3d  county  in 
wealth  in  the  state.  Watered  by  Little  r.  and  its 
branches,  and  Pond  and  Tradewater  rs.  Capital, 
Hopkinsville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
15,053,  sheep  18,196,  swine  52,656 ;  wheat  103,833 
bush,  produced,  rye  13,284,  Ind.  corn  1,022,850, 
oats  290,585,  potatoes  22,846,  hemp  and  flax  177 
tons,  tobacco  3,409,502  pounds,  cotton  43,040, 
sugar  19,190,  bituminous  coal  11,475  bushels  ; 
31  stores,  cap.  $136,875  ;  8  tanneries,  19  distille- 
ries, 3  potteries,  13  flouring  m.,  23  grist  m.,  13  saw 
m.,  1  od  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspa- 
per. Cap.  in  manufac.  $81,640.  4  acad.  234 
students,  19  schools,  517  scholars.  Population, 
whites  9,491,  slaves  5,997,  free  col'd  99;  total, 
15,537. 

Christian,  county,-  111.  Situated  in  the  cen- 
tral part  of  the  state,  contains  350  sq.  ms.  Sur- 
face level,  soil  rich.  Drained  by  South  Fork  of 
Sangamon  and  branches.  Capital,  Edinburg. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,069,  sheep 
2,571,  swine  10,773;  wheat  8,821  bush,  produced, 
Ind.  corn  159,112,  oats  23,203,  potatoes  5,377,  to- 
bacco 4,910  pounds ;  2  stores,  cap.  $8,000  ;  1  tan- 
nery, 3  distilleries,  8  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $11,280.  6  sch.  155  scholars.  Popula- 
tion 1,878. 

Christian,  t.,  Independence  co.,  Ark.  Pop. 
425. 

Christiana,  r.  or  cr.,  has  its  head  branches  in 
Pa.  and  Md.,  and  flows  into  the  Brandywine  at 
Wilmington.  It  is  navigable  for  vessels  drawing 
9  feet  water  to  Newport,  and  those  requiring  6 
feet  to  Christiana-bridge,  9  miles  above  Wilming- 
ton. 

Christiana,  p-h.,  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  85  n. 
by  w.  Dover,  102  W.  The  v.  is  generally  called 
Christiana  Bridge,  situated  on  Christiana  cr.,  9 
s.  w.  Wilmington.  It  has  an  active  trade  with 
Philadelphia  in  flour.  It  has  3  cotton  fac.  8,560 
sp.,  26  powder  m.,  2  flouring  m.,  5  grist  m.,  7  saw 
m.  Capital  in  manufactures,  $344,250.  1  acad- 
emy, 9  students,  9  schools,  702  scholars.  Popu- 
lation, 3,725. 

Christians,  p-o.,  Edgefield  dist.,  S.  C,  56  w. 
Columbia,  534  W. 


Christiansburg,  p  v..  capita]  of  Montgomery 
co.,  Va.,  203  w.  s.  w.  Richmond, 871  W.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  and  other  county  bnild- 
ings, 2  churches — 1  Presbyterian  audi  Metho- 
dist— 5  stores,  2  tanneries,  ami  various  mechanic 
shops.  Pop.  335,  of  whom  230  are  white  and  106 
colored. 

Christiansburg,  p-v.,  Shelby  co.,  Ky.,  13  w. 
by  n.  Frankfort,  555  W. 

Christiansburg,  p-v.,  Jackson  t,  Champaign 
co.,  O.,  60  w.  by  n.  Columbus,  454  W. 

Christiansville,  p-v.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va.f 
97  s.  w.  Richmond,  210  W. 

Christiansville,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,Tenn.,  113 
w.  Nashville,  798  W. 

Christy's  Prairie,  p-o.,  Clay  co.,  la.,  70  w. 
s.  w.  Indianapolis,  641  W. 

Chrystal  Lake,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,  111.,  216  n. 
by  w.  Springfield,  768  W. 

Chuckatuck,  p-v.,  Nansemond  co.,  Va.,  75  s. 
E.  Richmond,  208  W.  Situated  on  Chuckatuck 
cr.,  8  miles  from  its  entrance  into  James  r.  It 
contains  a  Methodist  church,  3  stores,  1  cotton 
fac,  30  dwellings,  and  about  150  inhabitants.  The 
r.  is  navigable  to  this  place. 

Chucky  Bend,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn.,  234 
e.  Nashville,  462  W. 

Chulahoma,  p-o.,  Marshall  co.,  Miss.,  184  n. 
by  e.  Jackson,  907  W. 

Church  Creek,  p-o.,  Dorchester  co.,  Md.,  69 
s.  e.  Annapolis,  109  W. 

Church  Grove,  p-o.,  Knoxco.,  Tenn.,  195  e. 
Nashville,  4%  W. 

Church  Hill,  p-v.,  Queen  Anne  co.,  Md.,  43 
e.  Annapolis,  83  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  e.  branch 
of  Chester  r. 

Churchill,  p-o.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  182  n.  e. 
Columbus,  296  W. 

Church  Hill,  p-o.,  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  141  s.  w 
Richmond,  228  W. 

Church  Hill,  p-v.,  Abbeville  dist.,  S.  C,  109 
w.  Columbia,  546  W. 

Church  Hill,  p-o.,  Lowndes  co.,  Ala.,  102  s. 

e.  Tuscaloosa,  863  W. 

Church  Hill,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Miss.,  104 

w.  Jackson,  1,114  W. 

Churchillsville,p-v.,  Dearborn  co.,  la.,  77 

E.  Indianapolis,  527  W. 

Churchtown,  p-v.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  52  e. 
by  s.  Harrisburg,  130  W. 

Churchville,  p-v.,  Riga  t.,  Monroe  co.,  N. 
Y.,  234  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  381  W.  Situated  on 
the  line  of  the  Tonawanda  railroad,  and  contains 

3  stores,  2  churches,  a  steam  woollen  fac,  45 
dwellings,  and  about  300  inhabitants. 

Churchville,  p-v.,  Harford  co.,  Md.,  61  n. 
Annapolis,  71  W. 

Churchville,  v.,  Clark  Co.,  Mo.  Situated 
on  the  w.  bank  of  Mississippi  r.,  at  the  entrance 
of  the  Des  Moines  r. 

Cicero,  p-t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N.  Y.  140  w.  N. 
w.  Albany,  358  W.  Oneida  lake  forms  its  n.  e. 
boundary.  Drained  by  the  Chittenango  cr.  The 
surface  is  level,  and  the  soil  good.  The  v.  con- 
tains 2  churches — 1  Presbyterian  and  1  Baptist — 

4  stores,  40  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 
Pop.  of  the  t.  2,48ft. 

Cicero,  p-t.,  Hamilton  co.,  la.,  32  N.  Indian- 
apolis, 570  W.    Pop.  389. 

Cincinnati,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  capi- 
tal of  Hamilton  co.,  O.,  116  s.  w.  Columbus,  492 
W.  Cincinnati,  the  most  populous  city  w.  of  the 
Alleghany  mountains,  and  the  sixth  in  the  United 
States,  is  situated  on  the  Ohio  r.,  near  the  s.  w. 
corner  of  the  state  of  Ohio,  in  Hamilton  co.,  504 
ms.,  by  the  course  of  the  river,  above  ite  junction 
with  the  Mississippi.    It  is  in  39°  6'  30   N.  lat., 


CIN 


128 


CIN 


and  84°  27'  w.  long,  from  Greenwich,  and  7° 
21'  45"  w  from  W.  It  is  116  s.  w.  from  Colum- 
bus •  250  Cleveland  ;  120  Indianapolis  ;  270  Nash- 
ville Tenn.;  860  New  Orleans;  350  St.  Louis; 
105  Louisville;  518  Baltimore;  298  Pittsburgh; 
617  Philadelphia ;  492  Washington  ;  900  from  N. 
York,  by  Lake  Erie,  and  600  from  Charleston,  S. 
C  In  1795  it  contained  500  inhabitants ;  in  1800, 
750;  in  1810,  2,510;  in  1820,  9,642;  in  1833, 
24,831;  in  1810,  46,338.  Besides  this,  there  is 
estimated  to  be  a  floating  population  of  from  2,000 
to  3,000.  Engaged  in  commerce,  2,226 ;  in  man- 
ufactures and  trades,  10,866;  learned  professions, 
431.  It  is  built  on  an  elevated  plain,  on  the  n. 
bank  of  the  Ohio,  540  feet  above  tide  water  at 
Albany,  and  25  feet  below  the  level  of  Lake 
Erie ;  but  low  water  mark  is  432  above  tide  wa- 
ter, and  133  below  the  level  of  Lake  Erie.  The 
shore  of  the  Ohio  here  forms  a  good  landing  for 
boats  at  all  seasons  of  the  year,  the  principal 
landing  being  paved  to  low  water  mark,  in  a 
substantial  manner,  and  supplied  with  floating 
wharves,  rendered  necessary  by  the  great  rise 
and  fall  of  the  river  at  different  times.  The  de- 
scent from  the  upper  part  of  Cincinnati  to  low 
water  mark  on  the  Ohio,  is  108  feet.  The  city  is 
near  the  eastern  extremity  of  a  pleasant  valley, 
about  12  miles  in  circumference,  skirted  to  the 
n.  by  a  circular  ridge  of  hills,  the  summits  of 
which  are  not  more  than  300  feet  above  the  plain, 
but  of  picturesque  appearance.  The  ground  on 
which  the  city  stands  consists  of  two  plains,  the 
rear  one  elevated  50  or  60  feet  above  the  front, 
though  the  ascent,  by  grading,  has  been  exten- 
sively reduced  to  a  gradual  slope.  The  view  of 
the  city  is  beautiful  from  the  hills  in  the  rear ; 
but  as  approached  by  water,  it  is  neither  exten- 
sive nor  commanding. 

Excepting  on  the  margin  of  the  river,  it  is  reg- 
ularly laid  out  in  streets  and  alleys,  crossing  each 
other  at  right  angles.  The  streets  running  e.  and 
w.  are  denominated,  proceeding  from  the  river, 
First,  Second,  &e,  while  those  running  n.  and  s. 
are  named  after  the  native  trees,  as  Walnut,  Syc- 
amore, &c.  Main-street  extends  from  the  steam- 
boat landing  on  the  river  directly  n.  to  the  north- 
ern boundary  of  the  city.  14  streets,  7  in  each 
direction,  are  66  feet  wide,  and  3D6  feet  apart. 
The  central  portion  of  the  city  is  compactly  built, 
with  handsome  houses  and  stores ;  but  the  ex- 
tensive plan,  in  its  outer  parts,  is  but  partially 
built  up,  and  the  houses  are  irregularly  scattered. 
Many  of  the  streets  are  well  paved,  and  exten- 
sively shaded  by  trees.  The  houses  are  gene- 
rally of  stone  or  brick.  The  climate  is  changea- 
ble, and  subject  to  considerable  extremes  of  heat 
and  cold,  but  is,  on  the  whole,  healthy. 

The  court  house,  on  Main-street,  is  56  by  60 
feet,  and  120  feet  high,  to  the  top  of  the  dome. 
The  edifice  of  the  Franklin  and  La  Fayette  banks 
of  Cincinnati  has  a  splendid  portico  of  8  Doric 
columns,  after  the  model  of  the  Parthenon  at 
Athens,  but  is  in  a  confined  situation.  It  is  79 
feet  long,  and  69  feet  deep,  exclusive  of  the  por- 
tico. Several  of  the  churches  are  fine  specimens 
of  architecture,  and  a  number  of  the  hotels  are 
spacious  and  elegant.  There  are  4  market  houses, 
a  bazaar,  a  theatre,  a  college,  an  Athenaeum,  a 
medical  college,  a  mechanics'  institute,  2  muse- 
ums, a  lunatic  assylum,  a  high  school,  and  a 
number  of  large  and  commodious  houses  for  pub- 
lic schools.  Within  the  last  year  800  buildings 
have  been  erected,  among  which  are  many  large 
warehouses  and  stores,  and  several  beautiful 
churches. 

Cincinnati  College  was  founded  in  1819  and 
had,  in  1840.  8  instructors,  and  84  students.    It 


has  academical,  medical,  and  law  departments. 
The  Medical  College  of  Ohio  has  trustees  ap- 
pointed by  the  legislature  every  3  years,  and  it 
has  8  professors,  and  130  students.  The  College 
of  Professional  Teachers  was  formed  in  1832,  and 
has  for  its  object  the  improvement  of  schools  in 
the  western  country,  and  holds  an  annual  meet- 
ing in  October.  The  Mechanics'  Institute  is 
formed  for  the  improvement  of  mechanics  in  sci- 
entific knowledge,  by  means  of  popular  lectures 
and  mutual  instruction.  It  has  a  valuable  philo- 
sophical apparatus,  a  respectable  library,  and  a 
reading-room,  much  frequented  by  young  men. 
The  Cincinnati  Lyceum  furnishes  an  instructive 
and  fashionable  place  of  resort  to  the  citizens,  by 
its  popular  lectures  and  debates  through  the  win- 
ter season.  It  has  a  good  library  and  a  reading- 
room.  The  AthenaBum  is  a  respectable  literary 
institution,  under  the  direction  of  the  Catholics, 
in  which  the  mathematics,  philosophy,  and  the 
classics,  as  well  as  the  modern  languages,  are 
taught  by  competent  professors.  It  has  over  70 
students,  and  a  large  and  splendid  edifice.  The 
Lane  Seminary,  at  Walnut  Hills,  2  miles  from 
the  city,  has  3  professors,  61  students,  and  a  li- 
brary of  10,300  volumes.  It  has  a  literary  as 
well  as  theological  department.  Woodward 
High  School,  named  after  its  founder,  gives  edu- 
cation, in  part  gratuitously,  to  a  large  number  of 
students.  It  has  4  instructors,  and  a  large  and 
commodious  building.  There  is  a  great  number 
of  respectable  private  schools,  and  20  public 
schools  for  males  and  females,  in  which  there 
are  2,000  pupils.  There  are  43  churches  in  Cin- 
cinnati, of  which  3  are  old  school  Presbyterian, 
4  new  school  Presbyterian,  2  Scots  Presbyte- 
rian, 2  Episcopal,  3  Baptist,  7  Methodist,  2  Pro- 
testant Methodist,  2  Catholic,  2  Friends,  and  va- 
rious others. 

Cincinnati  is  an  extensive  manufacturing  place. 
Its  destitution  of  water  power  has  been  exten- 
sively compensated  by  the  employment  of  steam 
mills.  There  were  in  1840,  42  foreign  commer- 
cial and  36  commission  houses,  with  a  capital  of 
$5,200,000;  1,035  retail  stores,  with  a  capital  of 
$12,877,000;  19  lumber  yards,  capital  $133,000; 
245  persons  were  engaged  in  internal  transporta- 
tion, who,  with  790  butchers,  packers,  &c,  em- 
ployed a  capital  of  $4,071,930 ;  14  furnaces,  cap. 
$478,000;  value  of  machinery  manufactured, 
$545,000;  hardware,  cutlery,  &c,  $289,000  ;  pre- 
cious metals,  $48,000;  various  other  metals, 
$713,000;  4  woollen  fee.,  cap.  $39,000;  1  cotton 
fee,  cap.  $6,000;  tobacco  manufactures,  capital 
$61,000;  13  tanneries,  cap.  $156,000;  manufac- 
tures of  leather,  as  saddleries,  &c,  cap.  $552,000 ; 
2  distilleries,  and  6  breweries,  with  a  capital  of 
$152,000 ;  paints,  drugs,  &c,  cap.  $26,000 ;  4  rope 
walks,  cap.  $31,000;  carriages  and  wagons,  cap. 
$63,000;  10  flouring  m.,  8  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.,  total 
cap.  $367,000 ;  vessels  built,  value,  $403,000 ;  fur- 
niture amounted  to  $459,000  ;  264  brick  and  stone, 
and  74  wooden  houses  built,  cost  $1,196,000  ;  32 
printing  offices,  13  binderies,  produced  3,800  daily 
newspapers,  33,100  weekly,  1,800  semi-weekly, 
and  17,200  periodicals,  with  a  capital  of  $266,000. 
Total  cap.  in  manufac.  $7,469,912.  2  colleges, 
80  students,  2  acad.  120  students,  51  sch.  5,445 
scholars.  There  were  5  incorporated  and  2  un- 
incorporated banks,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of 
nearly  $6,000,000. 

From  many  directions,  good  roads  converge  to 
this  place,  and  bring  the  rich  products  of  the  sur- 
rounding country  to  this  market.  The  Miami 
railroad  extends  from  Cincinnati  85£  miles  to 
Springfield.  The  Miami  canal  extends  from  Cin- 
cinnati 178  miles  to  Defiance,  where  it  joins  the 


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129 


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Wabash  and  Erie  canal.  The  internal  trade  of 
Cincinnati  is  thus  very  extensive.  The  tonnage 
of  the  port  in  1840,  was  12,052.  There  are  7 
daily  papers,  which  are  also  issued  weekly  or 
tri-weekly  ;  8  weekly  papers,  a  large  number  of 
magazines,  issued  semi-monthly  or  monthly,  and 
a  number  of  religious  magazines,  published 
monthly. 

The  municipal  government  of  the  city  consists 
of  a  president,  recorder,  and  21  councillors — 3  for 
each  of  the  7  wards  into  which  the  city  is  divided. 

Cincinnati  was  founded  in  1789,  by  emigrants 
from  New  England  and  New  Jersey,  on  the  site 
of  Fort  Washington.  It  has  grown  with  great 
rapidity,  and  now  ranks  as  the  sixth  place  in 
population  in  the  United  States ;  and,  it  being 
the  great  emporium  of  the  West,  it  must  continue 
to  increase  with  the  growth  of  the  rapidly  rising 
country  with  which  it  is  connected. 

Cincinnati,  v.,  Ralls  co.,  Mo.,  101  n.  n.  e. 
Jefferson  City,  933  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  bank 
of  Salt  r. 

Cincinnatus,  p-t.,  Cortlandt  co.,  N.  Y.,  128 
w.  by  s.  Albany,  327  W.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  the  soil  productive.  Watered  by  Ostelic  cr. 
and  its  tributaries.  The  village  is  situated  on 
the  cr.,  and  contains  2  churches — 1  Presbyterian 
and  1  Baptist — 6  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1 
tannery,  60  dwellings,  and  about  400  inhabitants. 
Pop.  of  the  t.  1,301.  There  are  in  the  t.  5  stores, 
cap.  $14,200;  1  furnace,  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m., 
2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,550.  8  sch.  545 
scholars. 

Cinnaminson,  p-o.,  Burlington  co.,  N.  J. 

Circleville,  p-o.,  Loudon  co.,  Va.,  145  n. 
Richmond,  44  W. 

Circleville,  p-t.,  capital  of  Pickaway  co., 
O.,  26  s.  Columbus,  396  W.  The  v.  was  laid  out 
in  1810  on  the  site  of  an  ancient  fortification.  It 
lies  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Scioto  r.  The  Ohio  canal 
passes  through  the  place,  and  here  crosses  the  r.  in 
a  fine  aqueduct.  The  streets  are  regular,  and  cross 
each  other  at  right  angles,  and  the  v.  is  divided 
into  350  town  lots,  besides  5  circular  and  triangu- 
lar acres  of  ground,  appropriated  to  public  uses. 
It  has  an  elegant  brick  octagonal  court  house,  a 
jail,  a  market  house,  6  public  offices  in  a  brick 
row,  4  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1 
Lutheran,  and  1  Methodist ;  13  stores,  5  canal 
warehouses,  an  academy,  about  250  dwellings, 
and  about  2,000  inhabitants.  The  country  around 
is  very  fertile,  and  a  great  water  power  is  con- 
centrated at  this  place,  by  several  creeks,  and  by 
the  canal.  There  are  in  the  town  15  stores,  cap. 
$62,000;  1  fulling  m.,  1  furnace,  3  tanneries,  1 
distillery,  1  brewery,  3  printing  offices,  2  binde- 
ries, 2  weekly  and  1  semi-weekly  newspapers,  1 
flouring  m.,  5  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$37,050.  1  acad.  15  students,  6  sch.  180  scholars. 
Pop.  2,972. 

Circleville,  p-o.,  Tazewell  co.,  111.,  54  n. 
Springfield,  787  W. 

City,  p-o.,  Amenia  t.,  Dutchess  co.,  N.  Y.,  70 
s.  by  e.  Albany,  323  W. 

City  Point,  p-v.,  and  port  of  entry,  Prince 
George  co.,  Va.,  33  s.  e.  Richmond,  162  W.  Sit- 
uated on  the  s.  side  of  James  r.,  on  a  point  formed 
by  the  junction  of  the  Appomattox.  James  r.  is 
navigable  to  this  place  for  large  ships,  which  come 
here  to  load. 

City  West,  p-v.,  Porter  co.,  la.,  155  n.  n.  w. 
Indianapolis,  680  W.  Situated  on  the  shore  of 
Lake  Michigan,  and  has  a  good  harbor. 

Civil  Order,  p-o.,  Marshall  co.,  Term.,  35  s. 
Nashville,  698  W. 

Claiborne,  county,  Miss.  Situated  toward 
the  s.  w.  part  of  the  state,  on  the  Mississippi  r. 


It  contains  500  aq.  ins.     Biff   Black  r.  washes  its 

n.  w  border.  Drained  by  Bayou  Pierre  and  its 
branches.  The  surface,  back  from  the  streams, 
is  uneven,  ami  the  soil,  except  the  alius  ial  on  the 
margin  of  the  streams,  is  light  and  sterile.  V 
railroad  leads  from  Port  GibtOn  t<>  Grand  Gtttf. 
Capital,  Port  Gibson.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  15,073,  sheep  6,527,  swine  22,475  ;  r> 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  com  353/375,  oats  5,485,  po- 
tatoes 29,935,  cotton  11,996,910  powidi ;  Ki  com- 
mission houses  in  foreign  trade,  cap.  $6  fc,W0 ;  48 
stores,  cap.  $326,450 ;  1  tannery.  K»S  grist  in.,  10 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $92,600.  1  college, 
72  students,  3  acad.  71  students,  9  sch.  183  scho- 
lars. Pop.  1830, 9,787  ;  1840,  whites  3,232,  slaves 
9,753,  free  col'd  93  ;  total,  13,078. 

Claiborne,  parish,  La.,  situated  in  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  has  Red  r.  on  its  w.  border, 
and  the  state  of  Arkansas  on  the  n.  It  has  Lake* 
Bisteneau  and  Bodeau.  Drained  by  branches  of 
Red  and  Wachitta  rs.  Most  of  the  parish  con- 
sists of  a  light  pine  land,  but  the  soil  on  the 
streams  is  better,  and  covered  with  hard  wood. 
Capital,  Overton.  It  has  4  acad.  112  students, 
11  schools,  217  scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,846,  free 
col'd  44,  slaves  2,295  ;  total,  6,185. 

Claiborne,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  toward 
the  N.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  5S0  sq. 
ms.  The  surface  is  mountainous.  Powell's  r. 
runs  through  its  centre,  and  Clinch  river  on  its  s. 
border,  and  both  are  head  branches  of  Tennessee 
r.  Capital,  Tazewell.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  9,236,  sheep  9,214,  swine  30,909;  wheat 
37,288  bushels  produced,  rye  2,232,  Indian  corn 
540,724,  oats  126,248,  potatoes  15,027,  tobacco 
23,850  pounds,  cotton  5,595,  sugar  34,660 ;  8  stores, 
cap.  $67,500 ;  2  furnaces,  7  forges,  8  tanneries, 
39  distilleries,  2  powder  m.,  10  flouring  mills,  14 
grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,800.  12 
sch.  276  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 8,470  ;  1840,  whites 
8,765,  slaves  624,  free  col'd  85 ;  total,  9,474. 

Claiborne,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Ala.,  138  s.  Tus- 
caloosa, 930  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  side  of  Ala- 
bama r.,  at  the  head  of  schooner  navigation. 

Claiborne,  t.,  Union  county,  O.  It  has  4  sch 
110  scholars.     Pop.  497. 

Claiborneville,  p-v.,  Yazoo  co.,  Miss.,  57  N. 
Jackson,  1,046  W. 

Clapp's,  p-o.,  Guilford  co.,  N.  C,  68  w.  n.  w. 
Raleigh,  311  W. 

Clappville,  p-v.,  Leicester  t.,  Worcester  co., 
Mass.,  50  w.  by  s.  Boston,  390  W.  Situated  on 
the  head  waters  of  Quinebaug  river.  It  has  2 
churches — 1  Episcopal  and  1  Baptist — 3  woollen 
fee,  1  scythe  fac,  and  several  dwellings. 

Clara,  t.,  Potter  co..  Pa. .  It  has  1  saw  mill. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000.    Pop.  61. 

Claremont,  p-t.,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  H.,  49  w.  by 
N.  Concord,  464  W.  It  lies  on  Connecticut  river, 
which  bounds  it  on  the  w.  Watered  by  Sugar  r. 
The  surface  is  undulating  ;  soil,  fertile  gravelly 
loam,  with  rich  intervales  on  the  rivers.  ( bar- 
tered in  1764.  Iron  ore  and  limestone  are  found 
here.  It  is  a  prosperous  agricultural  town,  with 
some  manufactures.  It  has  4  churches — 1  Con- 
gregational, 1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Metho- 
dist. The  principal  v.  is  on  Sugar  r.,  4  e.  Con- 
necticut r.,  where  are  2  of  the  churches,  and  sev- 
eral mills.  There  are  in  the  t.  8  stores,  capital 
$32,000  ;  1  furnace,  4  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
1  cotton  fac.  350  sp.,  2  tanneries,  2  paper  fac,  2 
printing  offices,  1  weekly  newspaper,  4  grist  m., 
8  saw  m.,  17  sch.  1,015  scholars.    Pop.  3,217. 

Claremont,  p-v.,  Pickens  dist.,  S.  C,  162  n. 
w.  Columbia,  560  W. 

Clarence,  p-t.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y.,  270  w.  Alba- 
ny, 390  W.     The  surface  is  undulating-,    sod, 


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130 


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rlav  Bandy,  and  calcareous  loam,  well  adapted 
to  Jr'an  Drained  by  Ransom's  and  Tonawanda 
c  eeks  Oiganized  in  1808.  At  the  v.  ■>  I  Meth- 
3£  church,  and  40  dwellings.  It  has  7  stores, 
capital  $22,800  ;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m,  6  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,400.  1  acad.  30  students, 
13  sch.  698  scholars.  Pop.  2,271. 
Clarence,  p-o.,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich. 
Clarendon,  p-t.,  Rutland  co.,  Vt  70  b.  s.  w. 
Montpelier,  449  W.  Chartered  m  1761.  Water- 
ed by  Otter  cr.  and  its  branches.  I  he  lands  on 
the  streams  are  very  productive  There  are  3 
churches— 1  Congregational  and  2  Baptist.  Ine 
streams  aflford  water  power.  Marble  is  found 
here.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $16,200  ;  3  tanneries, 
3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,170. 
13  sch.  517  scholars.    Pop.  1,549. 

Clarendon,  p-t.,  Orleans  co.,  IN.  ¥-  <&3  w. 
by  n.  Albany,  392  W.  The  surface  is  high,  and 
somewhat  broken  ;  soil,  calcareous  loam.  Drain- 
ed by  branches  of  Sandy  and  Oak  Orchard  crs. 
The  v.  contains  2  churches,  2  stores,  1  flouring  m., 
40  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.,  2  stores,  cap.  $9,000  ;  1  tannery,  1 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac.  $13,9o0. 
16  sch.  825  scholars.    Pop.  2,251. 

Clarendon,  p-t.,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  101  w. 
Detroit,  562  W.  It  has  3  sch.  124  scholars.  Pop. 
506. 

Clarendon,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Ark.,  60  e.  Lit- 
tle Rock,  1,005  W. 

Clarendon  Springs,  p-o.,  Clarendon  t.,  Rut- 
land county,  Vt.,  70  s.  s.  w.  Montpelier,  448  W. 
Here  is  a  chalybeate  spring,  containing  also  car- 
bonate of  lime,  which  is  resorted  to  for  its  medi- 
cinal efficacy  in  several  complaints. 

Claridon,  t.,  Marion  co.,  O.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $6,500  ;  6  sch.  240  scholars.     Pop.  1,084. 

Claridon,  p-t.,  Geauga  co.,  O.,  169  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 30  e.  Cleveland,  334  W.  Watered  by 
the  head  branches  of  Cuyahoga  r.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  the  soil  a  loam,  adapted  both 
to  grain  and  to  grazing.  Cattle,  butter,  and  cheese 
are  exported.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $3,500  ;  1  ful- 
ling m.,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  10  sch.  368  scholars. 
Pop.  897. 

Clarion,  r.,  Pa.,  or  Great  Toby's  cr.,  rises  in 
McKean  co.,  and  after  flowing  70  ms.  s.  w.,  falls 
into  Alleghany  r.  It  is  navigable  for  boats  55 
■ms.,  and  for  canoes  about  10  ms.  further.  Vast 
quantities  of  lumber  are  sent  down  this  river  to 
Pittsburg,  and  towns  on  the  Ohio  r. 

Clarion,  county,  Pa.  Situated  in  the  N.  w 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  530  sq.  ms.  It  has 
the  Alleghany  r.  on  the  s.  w.,  Red  Banker,  on 
the  s.,  and  drained  centrally  by  Clarion,  or  To- 
by's r.  and  branches.  The  southern  portion  is 
moderately  undulating  and  fertile,  the  northern 
part,  uneven  and  rough,  abounding  in  iron  ore 
and  pine  timber.  There  are  11  furnaces  in  the 
oounty.  It  was  organized  in  1839,  from  parts  of 
Armstrong  and  Venango.    Capital,  Clarion. 

Clarion,  p-t.,  and  capital  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa., 
184  w.  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  273  W.  The  surface 
is  moderately  hilly;  soil,  loam.  Watered  by 
Piney,  Licking,  and  Mill  creeks,  and  Laurel  run, 
which  flow  into  Clarion  r.  The  v.  is  situated  on 
the  Susquehanna  and  Waterford  turnpike,  1  m. 
K.  of  the  Clarion  r.  It  was  commenced  in  the 
pine  woods,  in  1840,  and  now  has  a  court  house 
jail,  an  academy,  3  religious  .societies  about  erect- 


Clarke,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  N.  E. 
art  of  the  state,  and  contains  225  sq.  ms.  The 
Shenandoah  r.  passes  centrally  through  it.  Sur- 
face, diversified.  It  has  the  Blue  Ridge  on  the  E. 
Soil,  first  rate.  Capital,  Berry  ville.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,651,  sheep  7,616,  swine 
14,915;  wheat  258,104  bush,  produced,  rye  17,096, 
Ind.  corn  266,904,  buckwheat  909,  oats  90,776, 
potatoes  19,680,  hops  388  pounds  ;  4  tanneries,  5 
distilleries,  5  flouring  m.,  11  grist  m.,  5  saw  mills. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $60,140.  8  acad.  167  students, 
5  sch.  114  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,867,  slaves 
3,325,  free  col'd  161 ;  total,  6,353. 

Clarke,  county,  Ga.  Situated  centrally  in 
the  n.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  414  sq.  ms. 
Watered  by  branches  of  Oconee  river.  Capital, 
Watkinsville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
10,008,  sheep  3,771,  swine  21,754  ;  wheat  41,631 
bush,  produced,  Indian  corn  238,776,  oats  58,915, 
potatoes  10,587,  cotton  795,615  pounds  ;  23  stores, 
cap.  $81,780 ;  3  cotton  fac.  5,630  sp.,  2  dyeing 
and  printing  estab.,  3  tanneries,  7  distilleries,  5 
flouring  m.,  13  grist  m.,  15  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $285,841.  1  college,  12  students,  7  acad. 
265  students,  5  schools,  170  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 
10,176  ;  1840,  whites  5,603,  slaves  4,877,  free  col'd 
42 ;  total,  10,522. 

Clarke,  county,  Ala.  Situated  between  the 
Tombigbee  and  Alabama  rivers,  in  the  s.  w.part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  1,200  sq.  ms.  The  sur- 
face is  uneven,  and  the  soil  indifferent,  except- 
ing on  the  streams,  where  it  is  liable  to  be  over- 
flowed. Capital,  Macon.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  18,035,  sheep  2,624,  swine  28,6o2; 
wheat  573  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  272,405,  oats 
13,903,  potatoes  32,986,  cotton  3,023,852  pounds, 
23  stores,  cap.  $47,500 ;  3  tanneries,  41  grist  m., 
17  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,620.  5  acad. 
136  students,  12  sch.  216  scholars.  Pop.  1830 
7,595  ;  1840,  whites  4,228,  slaves  4,395,  free  col  d 
17 ;  total,  8,640.  , 

Clarke,  county,  Miss.  Situated  toward  the 
e.  border  of  the  state,  and  contains  650  sq.  ms. 
Watered  by  Chickasawha  r.  and  branches.  Sur- 
face, generally  level.  Capital,  Quitman.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  12,080,  sheep  1,199, 
swine  10,100  ;  wheat  1,008  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  130,360,  oats  668,  potatoes  33,142,  rice  7,510 
pounds,  tobacco  1,420,  cotton  1,296,200;  6  stores, 
cap.  $9,250 ;  10  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $9,450.  6  sch.  107  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
2,076,  slaves  909,  free  col'd  1 ;  total,  2,986. 

Clarke,  county,  Ky.  Situated  centrally  m 
the  e.  part  of  the  state,  having  Kentucky  r.  on  its 
8.  border.  It  contains  about  300  sq.  ms.  Capital, 
Winchester.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
15,343,  sheep  20,953,  swine  35,713  ;  wheat  76,751 
bush,  produced,  rye  146,511,  Ind.  corn  1,004,455, 
oats  94,770,  potatoes  21,130,  hemp  and  flax  322 
tons,  tobacco  82,410  pounds,  sugar  71,155  ;  23 
stores,  cap.  $134,800 ;  1  woollen  fac,  5  tanneries, 
14  distilleries,  3  rope  factories,  10  flouring  m.,  28 
grist  m.,  21  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  printing  office. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $97,395.  2  acad.  115  students, 
23  sch.  738  scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,755,  slaves 
3,902,  free  col'd  145  ;  total,  10,802. 

Clarke,  county,  O.  Situated  toward  the  s 
w  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  412  sq.  ms. 
has  a  very  fertile  soil,  which  is  well  watered  by 
springs,  and  is  well  cultivated.  Watered  by 
Mad  r.,  Beaver  and  Buck  crs.    The  national  road 


It 


ing  churches,  viz  :  1  Presbyterian,  1  Methodist,  I  runs  through  the  co.,  as  will  also  the  Mad  r.  and 
and  1  Catholic  ;  5  stores,  110  dwellings,  and  550  Lake  Erie  railroad.     Capital,  Springfield.     I  here 


inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.,  6  stores,  capital 
$25,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  5 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,030.  14  sch.  420 
scholars.    Pop.  2,239. 


were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  18,788,  sheep  37,821, 
swine  24,235  ;  wheat  172,329  bush,  produced,  rye 
26,999,  Ind.  corn  592,997,  buckwheat  2,055,  bar- 
ley 1,631,  oats  229,154,  hops  1,148  pounds,  sugar 


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131 


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22,037;  53  stores,  cap.  $100,250;  7  fulling  m.,  6 
woollen  fac,  10  tanneries,  27  distilleries,  1  brew- 
ery, 4  potteries,  23  flouring  m.,  18  grist  m.,  48  saw 
m.,  9  oil  m.,  1  paper  factory,  1  printing  office,  ] 
weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $236,100 
1  acad.  60  students,  94  sch.  3,360  scholars.  Pop 
1830,  13,074;  1840,16,882. 

Clarke,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  s.  k.  part 
of  the  state,  on  the  Ohio  r.,  ond  contains  400  $q. 
ms.  Organized  in  1802.  The  surface  is  rolling. 
Watered  by  small  tributaries  of  the  Ohio.  Cap- 
ital, Charleston.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
4,682,  sheep  16,759,  swine  26,619  ;  wheat  100,105 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  336,570,  barley  1,100, 
oats  153,586,  potatoes  33,601,  sugar  16,435  pounds ; 
50  stores,  cap.  $173,250.  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$148,818.  6  acad.  171  students,  53  sch.  1,406  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  1830,  10,686 ;  1840,  14,595. 

Clarke,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  E.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  1,080  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Crane  and  Fox  crs.  and  the  n.  Fork  of  Embar- 
rass r.  Capital,  Marshall.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  7,154,  sheep  6,281,  swine  16,194; 
wheat  23,913  bush  produced,  rye  1,313,  Ind.  corn 
349,878,  buckwheat  1,108,  oats  55,211,  potatoes 
15,781,  sugar  5,840 ;  12  stores,  cap.  $39,175 ;  4 
tanneries,  3  distilleries,  18  grist  m.,  20  saw  m. 
( top.  in  manufac.  $7,268.  6  schools,  18  scholars. 
Pop.  7,453. 

Clarke,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  560  sq.  ms.  It  has 
the  Mississippi  r.  on  the  e.  and  the  Des  Moines 
on  the  n.  e.  Drained  by  Fox  and  Wyaconda  rs. 
Capital,  Waterloo.  There  were  in  1850,  neat 
cattle  2,969,  sheep  2,239,  swine  14,266 ;  wheat 
14,553  bush,  produced,  Indian  corn  163,124,  oats 
25,924,  potatoes  12,580,  tobacco  15,347  pounds  ;  1 
commission  house,  cap.  $2,000 ;  14  stores,  cap. 
$16,320 ;  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  6  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  34,401.  1  acad.  25 
students,  7  sch.133  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,423, 
slaves  420,  free  col'd  3 ;  total,  2,846. 

Clarke,  county,  Ark.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
part  of  the  state.  Watered  by  Wachitta  river, 
which  passes  through  its -centre,  and  Little  Mis- 
souri r.  on  its  s.  border.  The  surface  is  hilly  or 
mountainous.  Excepting  on  the  streams,  the  soil 
is  sterile.  Capital,  Greenville.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  4,544,  sheep  642,  swine  11,444  ; 
wheat  1,050  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  96,680, 
oats  2,558,  potatoes  7,680,  cotton  296,009  pounds. 
Pop.  1830,  1,369;  1840,  whites  1,622,  slaves  687; 
total,  2,309. 

Clark,  p-o.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  245  w.  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  288  W. 

Clark,  t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1,218. 

Clark,  t.,  Cole  co.,  Mo.  It  has  4  sch.  85  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  853. 

Clark,  t.,  Gasconade  co.,  Mo.  Population, 
621. 

Clark,  t.,  Johnson  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  401. 

Clark,  t.,  Pope  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1  school,  27 
scholars.    Pop.  296. 

Clark,  t.,  Brown  co.,  O.  It  has  2  schools,  90 
scholars.    Pop.  1,290. 

Clark,  t.,  Clinton  co.,  O.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$7,000  ;  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $2,525.  5  sch.  307  scholars.  Pop. 
1,297. 

Clark,  t.,  Coshocton  co.,  O.    Pop.  703. 

Clark,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  la.  It  has  1  sch. 
24  scholars.     Pop.  603. 

Clarks  Fork,  t.,  Cooper  co.,  Mo.  It  has  3 
sch.  121  scholars.     Pop.  1,147. 

Clarks,  p-o.,  Hopkins  co.,  Ky.,  210  w.  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  746  W. 

Clarks,  p-t.,  Coshocton  co.,  O.,  85  n.  e.  Co- 


lumbus, 351  W.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1 
sch.  28  scholars.     Pop.  703. 

Clarksborough,  p-v.,  Greenwich  t.,  Glouces- 
ter co.,  N.  J.,  41  s.  w.  Trenton,  152  W.  It  has  a 
store,  and  about  30  dwellings,  with  a  Friends* 
meeting  house  2  ms.  s.  w. 

(  i.arksburg,  p-v.,  Upper  Freehold  t.,  Mon- 
mouth co.,  N.  J.,  21  e.  Trenton,  187  W.  It  is  a 
small  settlement  of  6  or  8  houses. 

Clarksburg,  p-v.,  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  68 
w.  n.  w.  Annapolis,  28  W. 

Clarksburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Harrison  co.,  Va., 
253  N.  w.  Richmond,  221  W.  Situated  on  Mo- 
nongahela  r.  It  has  a  court  house,  jail,  a  Metho- 
dist church,  120  dwellings,  and  about  800  in- 
habitants. It  has  a  printing  office,  which  issues 
a  weekly  newspaper. 

Clarksburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Lewis  co.,  Ky., 
107  e.  n.  e.  Frankfort,  469  W.  Situated  on  Salt 
Lick  cr.,  4  ms.  s.  of  the  Ohio  r.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  and  several  dwellings. 

Clarksburg,  p-v.,  Deerfield  t.,  Ross  co.,  O., 
41s.  Columbus,  411  W. 

Clarksburg,  p-v.,  Decatur  co.,  la.,  55  s.  E, 
Indianapolis,  539  W. 

Clarksburg,  t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  125  w. 
by  n.  Boston,  27  n.  by  e.  Lenox.  Incorporated 
in  1798.  Watered  by  a  branch  of  Hoosic  r., 
which  affords  water  power.  The  surface  is  une- 
ven. It  has  1  fulling  m.,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  5 
sch.  85  scholars.     Pop.  370. 

Clark's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  16  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  126  W. 

Clarksfield,  p-t.,  Huron  co.,  O.,  102  n.  by 
e.  Columbus,  380  W.  Situated  on  Vermillion  r., 
16  above  its  mouth.  It  contains  2  churches,  1 
Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist.  First  settled  in 
1817.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $10,200.     10  sch.  318  scholars.    Pop.  1,473. 

Clark's  Fork,  p-o.,  Cooper  co.,  Mo. 

Clark's  Mills,  p-o.,  Lawrence  co.,  O.,  119  s. 
by  e.  Columbus,  404  W. 

Clark's  Mills,  p-o.,  Moore  co.,  N.  C,  110  s. 
w.  Raleigh,  394  W. 

Clark's  Mills,  p-o.,  Hempstead  co.,  Ark. 

Clarkson,  p-t.,  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y.,  236  w.  by  n 
Albany,  16  n.  w.  Rochester,  385  W.  The  sur- 
face is  level,  and  the  soil  sandy  and  gravelly 
loam.  Drained  by  Little  Salmon  and  Sandy 
creeks,  that  flow  into  Lake  Ontario,  which 
bounds  it  on  the  n.  The  v.  is  on  the  Ridge- 
road,  and  contains  1  Presbyterian  church,  an 
academy,  3  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.,  2 
carding  and  cloth  dressing  works,  1  carriage  fac, 
100  dwellings,  and  about  700  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.,  2  stores,  cap.  $2,600  ;  3  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  3  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $30,100.  1  acad.  144  students, 
21  sch.  1,2-18  scholars.    Pop.  3,486. 

Clarkson,  p-v.,  Middleton  t.,  Columbiana  co., 
O.,  159  n.  e.  Columbus,  271  W.  It  has  1  sch. 
28  scholars.    Pop.  63. 

Clarkson,  p-o.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  35  n.  w. 
Detroit,  559  W. 

Clark's  River,  a  branch  of  the  Columbia  r., 
w.  of  the  Rocky  mountains.    (See  Oregon  Ter.) 

Clark's  Store,  p-o.,  Martin  co.,  N.  C,  119  k. 
Raleigh,  243  W. 

Clark's  Store,  p-o.,  Whitewater  t.,  Hamil- 
ton co.,  O.,  122  s.  w.  Columbus,  506  W. 

Clarkstown,  p-t.,  capital  of  Rockland  co.,  N. 
Y.,  122  s.  Albany,  267  W.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  the  soil  in  the  valleys  productive.  It  is 
bounded  E.  by  Hudson  r.  Rockland  lake,  in  the 
n.  part  of  the  t.,  celebrated  for  furnishing  ice  for 
the  New  York  market,  has  its  outlet  into  Hack- 
ensack  r.    The  county  building,  consisting  of  a 


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132 


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court  house  and  jail,  is  in  a  v.  called  i\e\v  City, 
whore  is  1  store,  1  grist  m.,  1  *aw  m.,  and  U 
dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.,  6  stores,  cap. 
$90,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fee,  1  **»*%$ 

5  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.     Cap.  m  manufac.  $20,2dO. 

6  sch.  260  scholars.     Pop.  2,533. 
Cj  vkksvili.e,  p-o.,  New  Scotland  t.,  Albany 

co.,  N.  Y.,  14  s.  w.  Albany,  376  W.  It  has  1 
store,  and  about  15  dwellings. 

Clarksville,  t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H.  It  is  situa- 
ted on  the  e.  side  of  Connecticut  r.,  near  its 
source,  and  was  granted  to  Dartmouth  college 
in  1789.  Incorporated  in  1832.  It  has  1  saw  m., 
1  sch.  20  scholars.    Pop.  88. 

Clarksville,  p-v.,  Lebanon  t.,  Hunterdon  co., 
N.  J.,  45  n.  by  w.  Trenton,  202  W.  Situated  on 
Spruce  run,  at  the  foot  of  Musconetcong  mt.  It 
has  1  store,  2  saw  m.,  2  grist  m.,  and  about  8 
dwellings.  Iron  and  plumbago  are  found  in  the 
mt.,  near  the  v. 

Clarksville,  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y.  It  has  4 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,200.  3  sch.  93 
scholars.    Pop.  326. 

Clarksville,  p-o.,  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  50 
w.  by  n.  Annapolis,  35  W. 

Clarksville,  p-v.,  Greene  co.,  Pa.,  203  w.  s. 

w.  Harrisburg,  219  W.    It  is   situated  at  the 

junction  of  the  if.  and  s.  Forks  of  Ten  Mile  creek. 

Clarksville,  p-o.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va.,  121 

s.  w.  Richmond,  226  W. 

Clarksville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Habersham  co., 
Ga.,  138  n.  Milledgeville,  549  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  2  churches,  an  academy,  50 
dwellings,  and  about  300  inhabitants. 

Clarksville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Clarke  co.,  Ala., 
134  s.  Tuscaloosa,  935  W.  It  has  a  court  house, 
and  several  dwellings. 

Clarksville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Montgomery 
co.,  Tenn.,  45  n.  w.  Nashville,  730  W.  Situated 
at  the  junction  of  Red  r.  with  Cumberland  r. 

Clarksville,  p-v.,  Vernon  t.,  Clinton  co.,  O., 
82  s.  w.  Columbus,  455  W.  It  contains  2 
churches,  and  is  a  considerable  village. 

Clarksville,  p-v.,  Pike  co.,  Mo.,  99  n.   e. 

Jefferson  city,  871  W.     Situated  on  w.  side  of 

Mississippi  r.    It  has  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Clarksville,  p-v.,  Johnson  co.,  Ark. 

Claussville,  p-v.,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  83  E.  n.  e. 

Harrisburg,  175  W. 

Claverack,  t.,  Columbia  co.,  N.  Y.,  4  e. 
Hudson,  34  s.  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly; 
soil,  gravelly  loam  and  clay,  and  generally  fer- 
tile. Watered  by  Claverack  cr.  The  v.  con- 
tains 1  church,  2  stores,  an  academy,  50  dwell- 
ings, and  300  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t., 
4  stores,  cap.  $24,000 ;  1  woollen  fac,  1  cotton 
fac,  2  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $33,700.  1  acad.  100  students,  12  sch. 
880  scholars.    Pop.  3,056. 

Clay,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  s.  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  880  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  the  s.  w.  Fork  of  Kentucky  r.  The  soil  is 
generally  light.  Salt  springs  and  mineral  coal 
are  found  in  the  co.  Capital,  Manchester.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,321,  sheep  3,411, 
swine  13,043 ;  wheat  2,476  bush,  produced,  rye 
668,  Ind.  corn  153,140,  oats  25,797,  potatoes 
6,961,  tobacco  3,543  pounds,  sugar  13,231,  salt 
106,000  bush.,  bituminous  coal  88,950 ;  6  stores, 
cap.  $11,500 ;  4  tanneries,  7  distilleries,  29  grist  m.| 
6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,040.  2  sch.  19 
scholars.  Pop.  1830,  3,548 ;  1840,  whites  3,954, 
slaves  503,  free  col'd  150  ;  total,  4,607. 

Clay,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  w.  part  of 
the  state,  contains  360  sq.  ms.  Organized  in 
1825.  It  contains  good  land  for  cultivation,  and 
large  portions  covered  with  heavy  timber.    In 


the  s.  w.  part  are  some  beautiful  prairies.  Wa- 
tered by  Eel  r.  and  its  branches.  Capital,  Bow- 
ling Green.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
5,472,  sheep  3,558,  swine  12,019;  wheat  10,874 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  202,250,  oats  25,597, 
potatoes  11,177,  tobacco  8,100  pounds,  sugar 
21,375 ;  14  stores,  cap.  $37,600 ;  4  tanneries,  3 
distilleries,  11  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manu- 


fac, $23,825. 


10  sch.  356 


1  acad.  45  students 
scholars.     Pop.  1830,  1,616 ;  1840,  5,567. 

Clay,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  s.  e.  part 
of  the  state.  It  contains  475  sq.  ms.  Surface 
level,  soil  fertile.  Drained  by  Little  Wabash  r. 
Capital,  Lewisville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  9,033,  sheep  2,483,  swine  12,033;  wheat 
4,050  bush,  produced,  rye  430,  Ind.  corn  144,189, 
oats  18,850,  potatoes  8,770,  tobacco  2,430  pounds, 
cotton  1,396,  sugar  2,772  ;  5  stores,  cap.  $2,750 ; 
2  tanneries,  6  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $12,830.    6  sch.  134  scholars.     Pop.  3,228. 

Clay,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the  n.  w.  part 
of  the  state,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Missouri  r. 
It  contains  432  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  undula- 
ting, and  the  soil  excellent.  Drained  by  Fishing 
and  a  branch  of  Little  Platte  rivers.  Capital, 
Liberty.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  12,271, 
sheep  18,803,  swine  38,632 ;  wheat  8,389  bush, 
produced,  rye  4,382,  Ind.  corn  570,970,  oats 
96,333,  potatoes  26,253,  tobacco  32,593  pounds  ; 
1  com.  house,  cap.  $4,000;  24  stores,  cap. 
$153,420  ;  4  tanneries,  21  distilleries,  41  grist  m., 
25  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
newspapers,  1  acad.  58  students,  11  sch.  333  schol- 
ars. Pop.  1830,  5,338  ;  1840,  whites  6,373,  slaves 
1,875,  free  col'd  34  ;  total,  8,282. 

Clay,  p-t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N.  Y.,  142  w.  n.  w. 
Albany,  10  n.  Syracuse,  359  W.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  the  soil  productive,  resting  on 
saliferous  sandstone.  Oneida  and  Seneca  rivers 
here  unite  to  form  Oswego  r.  It  has  23  sch. 
1,146  scholars.    Pop.  2,852. 

Clay,  p-t.,  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  62  n.  n.  e.  De- 
troit, 586  W.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $8,000 ;  1  lum- 
ber yard,  cap.  $5,000;  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $10,500.     Pop.  387. 

Clay,  t.,  Lafayette  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1,305. 
Clay,  t.,  Ralls  co.,  Mo.    It  has  1  sch.  30  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,049. 

Clay,  t.,  Tuscarawas  co.,  O.  It  lies  10  or  15 
ms.  below  New  Philadelphia,  on  both  sides  of 
the  Ohio  canal  and  Muskingum  r.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $1,050 ;  1  tannery,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $300.  5  sch.  341  scholars.  Pop. 
864. 

Clay,  t.,  Scioto,  co.,  O.  The  bottom  land  on 
the  Scioto  r.,  which  washes  its  w.  border,  is  ex- 
tensive, and  very  fertile.  The  upland  is  hilly, 
but  well  fitted  for  the  production  of  grain.  It 
has  3  sch.  96  scholars.    Pop.  696. 

Clay,  t.,  Ottawa  co.,  O.,  16  w.  Lower  San- 
dusky, on  Portage  r.  Organized  in  1832.  Pop. 
176. 

Clay,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  O.    It  has  6  sch. 
173  scholars.     Pop.  1,633. 
Clay,  t.,  Highland  co.,  O.    Pop.  783. 
Clay,  t,  Hamilton  co.,  la.    Pop.  730. 
Clay,  t.,  Allen  co.,  O.    Pop.  435. 
Clay,  t.,  Gallia  co.,  O.    It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$400  ;  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.     Pop.  745. 

Clay,  t.,  Knox  co.,  O.  It  has  1  acad.  32  stu- 
dents.   Pop.  1,302. 

Clay,  t,  La  Grange  co.,  la.  It  has  1  saw  ro. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $800.     Pop.  99. 

Clay,  t.,  Owen  co.,  la.  It  has  2  sch.  40  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  804. 

Clay,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  la.  It  has  5  sch.  132 
scholars.    Pop.  923. 


CLE 


133 


CLE 


Claypool,  p-o.,  Kosciusko  co.,  la. 

Claysville,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  219 
w.  Harrisburg,  246  W.  It  contains  a  Presbyte- 
rian church,  and  about  80  buildings.  It  has  5 
stores,  cap.  $12,300  ;  2  tanneries.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $5,550.     Pop.  292. 

Claysville,  p-v.,  Westland  t.,  Guernsey  co., 
O.,  87  K.  Columbus,  320  W.  It  lies  6  s.  of  the 
national  road.  It  contains  1  church,  2  or  3 
stores,  and  25  or  30  dwellings. 

Claysville,  p-o.,  Hampshire  co.,  Va.,  209  n. 
w.  Richmond,  137  W. 

Claysville,  p-v.,  Marshall  co.,  Ala.,  133  n. 
e.  Tuscaloosa,  700  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side 
of  Tennessee  r. 

Claysville,  p-v.,  Harrison  co.,  Ky.,  49  e.  n. 
e.  Frankfort,  493  W. 

Claysville,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  la.,  96  s. 
Indianapolis,  615  W. 

Clayton,  county,  Iowa.    Situated  in  the  n. 

Sirt  of  the  Ter.,  and  contains  about  720  sq.  ms. 
rained  by  Turkey  r.     Navigable  by  steamboats 
to  the  junction  of  Volga  r.     These  rivers  afford 

food  water  power.  Buck  cr.,  Inymagill  cr., 
Iloody  run  and  Yellow  r.  flow  into  the  Mississip- 
pi r.,  in  its  n.  part.  Some  lead  mines  have  been 
ibund.  The  land  on  Turkey  r.  is  excellent. 
Capital,  Prairie  la  Porte.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  1,011,  sheep  66,  swine  941  ;  wheat 
1,586  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  23,270,  oats  2,960, 

Eotatoes  14,000,  sugar  13,529  pounds;  9  com. 
ouses,  cap.  $78,300;  4  stores,  cap.  $1,500;  1 
grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,000.  2  sch.  25 
scholars.     Pop.  1,101. 

Clayton,  p-t.,  Jefferson  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  n.  by 
w.  Watertown,  186  n.  w.  Albany,  431  W.  The 
surface  is  undulating ;  soil,  fertile,  sandy  and 
clay  loam.  The  St.  Lawrence  r.  bounds  it  on 
the  N.  w.  Drained  by  Chaumont  r.  and  French 
cr.  It  has  13  stores,  cap.  $49,400 ;  1  furnace,  2 
tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.,  3  oil  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $16,593;  7  sch.  214  scholars.  Pop. 
2,990. 

Clayton,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  O. 

Clayton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Rabun  co.,  Ga.,  181 
N.  Milledgeville,  585  W.  Situated  at  the  s.  base 
of  the  Blue  Ridge.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
an  academy,  25  stores,  and  several  dwellings. 

Clayton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Barbour  co.,  Ala 
179  s.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  827  W.   It  contains  a  court 
house  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Clayton,  p-v.,  Adams  co.,  B.I.,  89  w.  Spring- 
field, 866  W. 

Clayton,  t.,  Perry  co.,  O.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $6,500 ;  1  tannery,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $4,425.    7  sch.  233  scholars.    Pop.  1,602, 

Claytonville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Henderson  co., 
N.  C,  284  w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  514  W.  Situated 
on  the  n.  side  of  French  Broad  r.  It  has  a  court 
house,  jail,  an  academy,  several  stores  and 
dwellings. 

Clay  Village,  p-v.,  Shelby  co.,  Ky.,  17  w 
Frankfort,  559  W. 

Clear  Branch,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Va.,  314 
w.  by  s.  Richmond,  382  W. 

Clear  Creek,  p-v.,  Ellington  t,  Chautauque 
co.,  N.  Y.,  319  w.  by  s.  Albany,  335  W.  It  con 
tains  2  churches,  3  stores,  2  saw  m.,  40  dwell 
ings,  and  about  250  inhabitants. 

Clear  Creek,  p-o.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.  C, 
160  w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  397  W. 

Clear  Creek,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  Tenn. 

Clear  Creek,  p-o.,  Lafayette  co.,  Miss.,  170 
N.  N.  E.  Jackson,  921  W. 

Clear  Creek  Landing,  p-v.,  Alexander  co. 
111.,  215  s.  Springfield,  849  W. 

Clear  Creek,  t.,  Fairfield  co.,  O.    It  has  1 


frist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,300. 
'op.  1,098. 

Ci.kar  Crkkk,  t.,  Warren  co.,  O.,  a  rich  ag- 
ricultural township.  It  has  6  sch.  218  scholars. 
Pop.  2,832. 

Clkar  Crkkk,  t.,  Richland  co.,  O  It  has  309 
scholars  in  schools.     Pop.  1,653. 

Clearfikld,  county,  Pa.  Situated  centrally 
toward  the  w.part  of  the  state.  It  contains  1,125 
sq.  ms.  Watered  by  the  head  branches  of  the 
w.  fork  of  Susquehanna  r.  The  surface  is  rough, 
and  the  soil  sterile,  with  some  exceptions.  Capi- 
tal, Clearfield.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
5,624,  sheep  6,499,  swine  6,963 ;  wheat  46,714 
bushels  produced,  rye  26,940,  Ind.  corn  27,727, 
oats  81,037,  potatoes  44,756,  sugar  1,518  pounds  ; 
13  stores,  cap.  $39,000;  1  furnace,  2  fulling  m., 
4  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  16  grist  m.,  49  saw  m., 
1  printing  office,  1  weekly  "newspaper.  Cap.  in 
manufactures  $6,000.  Pop.  1830,  4,803;  1840, 
7,834. 

Clearfield,  t.,  Butler  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  dis- 
tilleries, 2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$3,725.    9  sch.  252  scholars.     Pop.  1,113. 

Clearfield,  p-v.,  capital  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa., 

126  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  218  W.  It  is  situated  on 
the  s.  bank  of  the  w.  branch  of  Susquehanna  r., 
near  the  junction  of  Clearfield  cr.  It  has  a  court 
house  and  several  dwellings. 

Clearfield,  t.,  Cambria  co.,  Pa.  The  surface 
is  rolling ;  soil,  clay  and  gravel.  It  has  2  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $800.  3  sch.  90  scholars. 
Pop.  300. 

Clearfield  Creek,  p-o.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa., 

127  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  217  W. 
Clearfield,  cr.,  Pa.,  a  considerable  branch  of 

the  w.  fork  of  Susquehanna  r. 

Clear  Fork  Mills,  p-o.,  Johnson  co.,  Mo. 

Clear  Fork,  p-o.,  Whitley  co.,  Ky.,  137  s.  s. 
E.  Frankfort,  538  W. 

Clear  Mont,  p-o.,  Cannon  co.,  Tenn. 

Clear  Spring,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Md.,  112 
n.  w.  Annapolis,  80  W. 

Clear  Spring,  t.,  Lagrange  co.,  Ind.  It  has 
1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $550.  3  sch.  56 
scholars.    Pop.  226. 

Clear  Spring,  p-o.,  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind. 

Clemmonsville,  p-v.,  Davidson  co.,  N.  C, 
130  w.  Raleigh,  331  W. 

Clendenin,  p-o.,  Kanawha  co.,  Va.,  333  w.  by 
n.  Richmond,  338  W. 

Clermont,  p-t.,  Columbia  co.,  N.  Y.,  13  s 
Hudson,  41  s.  Albany,  329  W.  It  lies  on  the  E. 
side  of  Hudson  r.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  the  soil  a  fertile  clay  and  a  gravelly  loam. 
Watered  by  Ancram  or  Roeliff  Jansen's  cr.  The 
v.,  on  the  road  between  New  York  and  Albany, 
contains  1  church,  1  store,  an  academy,  25  dwell- 
ings, and  about  150  inhabitants.  Pop.  of  the  t. 
1,231.  There  are  in  the  t.,  1  store,  cap.  $6,000 ; 
1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,500. 

1  acad.  27  students,  5  sch.  236  scholars. 
Clermont,  county,  O.    Situated  in  the  s.  w. 

part  of  the  state,  on  the  Ohio  r.,  and  contains 
about  450  sq.  ms.  A  large  part  of  the  land  is 
rich,  but  some  is  too  wet  lor  cultivation.  On  the 
r.  it  is  hilly  and  broken.  Watered  by  E.  Fork, 
a  branch  of  Little  Miami  r.  Capital,  Batavia. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  13,190,  sheep 
27,127,  swine  35,556  ;  wheat  291,268  bushels  pro- 
duced, rye  5,448,  Ind.  corn  670,075,  buckwheat 
975,  barley  623,  oats  224,880,  potatoes  32,139,  to- 
bacco 68,050  pounds,  sugar  3,305 ;  63  stores,  cap. 
$103,300;  3  lumber  yards,  cap.  $1,428  ;  1  wool- 
len foe.,  12  tanneries,  5  distilleries,  7  flouring  m., 
17  grist  m.,29  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,2  printing  offices, 

2  weekly  newspapers.   Capital  in  manufactures, 


CLE 


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•3S166  215.     2  acad.   78  students,  66  sch.   3,289 
scholars.     Pop.  1830,  20,466 ;  1840, 23,106. 

Cleveland,  p-v.,  Constantia  t.,  Oswego  co., 
N.  Y.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of  Oneida  lake. 
It  contains  1  church,  3  stores,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.,  1  tannery,  1  glass  fac,  1  clothier's  works,  45 
dwellings,  and  about  300  inhabitants. 

Cleveland,  p-v.,  capital  of  Bradley  co.,  Tenn., 
156  s.  E.  by  e.  Nashville,  581  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Cleveland,  city,  port  of  entry,  and  the  cap- 
ital of  Cuyahoga  co.,  O.,  146  n.  n.  e.  Columbus, 
359  W.  Cleveland  is  the  emporium  of  northern 
Ohio,  and,  next  to  Cincinnati,  the  most  important 
town  in  the  state,  possesses  a  commanding  situa- 
tion on  Lake  Erie,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cuyahoga 
r.,  and  the  northern  termination  of  the  Ohio  canal, 
by  which  it  is  connected  with  Ohio  r.  and  is  in  41° 
31'  n.  lat.,  and  81°  46'  w.  Ion.  from  Greenwich,  or 
4°  44'  w.  from  W.  It  is  130  miles  n.  w.  Pitts- 
burgh, 146  n.  e.  Columbus,  200  by  water  Buffalo, 
130  Detroit,  359  W.  The  population  in- 1799  con- 
sisted of  one  family ;  in  1825,  about  500  inhabit- 
ants; in  1830,  1,000;  in  1834,  4,300;  in  1840, 
6,071. 

Excepting  a  small  portion  of  it  immediately  on 
the  Cuyahoga  r.,  the  city  is  situated  on  a  gravelly 
plain,  elevated  about  80  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  lake,  of  which  it  has  a  very  commanding 
prospect.  The  common  streets  have  the  extra- 
ordinary width  of  80  feet ;  and  Main-street,  which 
passes  through  the  middle  of  the  place,  is  120 
feet  wide.  The  streets  cross  each  other  at  right 
angles,  and  there  are  many  expensive  and  taste- 
ful buildings.  The  location  is  dry  and  healthy, 
and  the  view  of  the  meanderings  of  the  Cuya- 
hoga r.,  and  of  the  steamboats  and  shipping  in  the 
port,  and  leaving  or  entering  it,  and  of  the  nu- 
merous vessels  on  the  lake  under  sail,  presents  a 
prospect  exceedingly  interesting,  from  the  high 
shore  of  the  lake. 

Near  the  centre  of  the  place  is  a  public  square 
of  10  acres,  divided  into  four  equal  parts  by  inter- 
secting streets,  neatly  enclosed,  and  shaded  with 
trees.  The  court  house  and  the  first  Presbyte- 
rian church  front  on  this  square. 

The  harbor  of  Cleveland  is  one  of  the  best  on 
Lake  Erie.  It  is  formed  by  the  mouth  of  the 
Cuyahoga  r.,  and  improved  by  a  pier  on  each 
side,  extending  425  yards  into  the  lake,  200  feet 
apart,  and  faced  with  substantial  stone  masonry. 
Cleveland  is  the  great  mart  of  the  greatest  grain- 
growing  state  in  the  Union,  and  it  is  the  Ohio 
and  Erie  canals  that  have  made  it  such,  though 
it  exports  much  by  the  way  of  the  Welland  canal 
to  Canada.  It  has  a  ready  connection  with  Pitts- 
burgh, through  the  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio  canal, 
which  extends  from  the  Ohio  canal  at  Akron  to 
Beaver  cr.,  which  enters  the  Ohio  below  Pitts- 
burgh. The  natural  advantages  of  this  place  are 
unsurpassed  in  the  west,  to  which  it  has  a  large 
access  by  the  lakes  and  the  Ohio  canal.  But  the 
Erie  canal  constitutes  the  principal  source  of  its 
vast  advantages;  without  that  great  work,  it 
would  have  remained  in  its  former  insignificance. 
The  total  number  of  pounds  on  which  toll 
is  charged  which  arrived  at  Cleveland,  in  1840, 
was  280,233,820,  in  which  was  included  2,151,450 
bushels  of  wheat,  504,900  barrels  of  flour,  23,000 
do.  of  pork,  782,033  pounds  of  butter,  513,452  of 
lard,  683,499  of  bacon,  1,154,641  of  pig  iron 
2,252,491  of  iron  and  nails,  643,954  pieces  of 
staves  and  heading. 

The  whole  number  of  pounds  weight  of  all 
property  on  which  toll  is  paid  by  weight,  which 
cleared  from  Cleveland  by  way  of  the  canal  in 
1840  was,  9,563,396    pounds    of  merchandise, 


1,163,167  of  furniture,  1,770,016  of  gypsum, 
1,265,656  feet  of  lumber,  76,729  barrels  of  salt, 
8,959  do.  of  lake  fish,  2,560  M.  shingles,  21  pairs 
of  mill  stones. 

The  number  of  clearances  of  boats,  was  4,137; 
but  there  were  only  312  different  boats.  In  the 
year  1840,  1,344  vessels,  exclusive  of  steamboats, 
entered  the  port;  and  1,344  vessels,  and  1,020 
steamboats,  cleared.  There  are  owned  at  Cleve- 
land^ schooners,  2  brigs,  3  sloops,  1 1  steamboats ; 
the  total  tonnage  in  1840  was  9,514.  There  were 
in  1840,  21  foreign  commission  houses,  with  a 
cap.  of  $58,000;  66  retail  stores,  cap.  $139,700  ; 

3  lumber  yards,  cap.  $3,000 ;  1  furnace  ;  machi- 
nery produced,  $3,000 ;  2  distilleries,  and  1  brew- 
ery, cap.  $32,000  ;  1  flouring  m.  manufactured  to 
the  amount  of  $125,000 ;  5  printing  offices,  3 
binderies,  1  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers, 
and  1  periodical,  employed  a  cap.  of  $9,700. 
Total  cap.  in  manufac.  $128,632.  5  acad.  148 
students,  15  sch.  1,089  scholars.  Besides  numer- 
ous respectable  private  schools,  there  are  from 
12  to  15  public  schools,  supported  at  an  annual 
expense  of  $4,000.  There  are  4  large  school 
edifices,  which  contain  about  7,00    scholars. 

The  Cleveland  Lyceum  is  a  respectable  liter- 
ary institution,  which  holds  discussions  and  sus- 
tains lectures  during  the  winter  season.  There 
is  also  a  reading  room  well  supplied  with  peri- 
odicals. 

There  are  8  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Bap- 
tist, 1  Episcopal,  2  Methodist,  1  Congregational, 
and  a  chapel  for  boatmen  and  sailors. 

There  are  two  banks,  with  an  aggregate  capi- 
tal of  $800,000;  and  an  insurance  co.,  with  a 
capital  of  $500,000.  There  is  a  light-house  on 
the  high  bank  of  the  lake,  and  another  light  at  the 
entrance  of  the  harbor.  There  are  2  daily  papers 
and  5  weekly  papers  issued  in  this  place. 

Ohio  City,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Cuyaho- 
ga r.,  constitutes,  virtually,  one  place  with  Cleve- 
land. (See  Ohio  City.)  It  has,  however,  a  sep- 
arate incorporation. 

The  municipal  authority  of  Cleveland  consists 
of  a  mayor,  3  aldermen — 1  from  each  ward  ;  and 
9  councilmen — 3  from  each  ward. 

Cleveland  derives  its  name  from  Gen.  Moses 
Cleveland,  an  agent  of  the  Connecticut  Land  co., 
who  accompanied  the  first  surveying  party  upon 
the  Connecticut  Western  Reserve.  The  city  plat 
was  surveyed  under  his  direction  in  1796.  The 
Indian  title  to  the  territory  had  been  extinguished 
2  years  before,  but  was  not  extinguished  on  the 
w.  side  of  the  r.  until  July  4th,  1805.  Cleveland 
was  incorporated  as  a  village  in  1814,  and  as  a 
city  in  1836. 

Cleveland,  t,  exclusive  of  the  city,  contains 

4  saw  m.,  7  sch.  399  scholars.     Pop.  966. 
Cleveland,  county,  N.  C.    Situated  in  the  s 

w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  550  sq.  miles 
Drained  by  Broad  r.  and  branches.  Capital, 
Shelby. 

Cleveland,  p-v.,  Merriwether  co.,Ga.,  107  w. 
Milledgeville,  726  W. 

Cleveland,  p-o.,  Winnebago  co.,  111.,  211  n. 
by  e.  Springfield,  796  W. 

Cleves,  p-v.,  Miami  t.,  Hamilton  co.,  O.,  128  s. 
w.  Columbus,  504  W.  It  contains  2  stores,  about 
30  dwellings,  and  150  inhabitants.  Situated  on 
the  Big  Miami  r.,  half  a  mile  from  the  Ohio  r.,  at 
North  Bend. 

Clift  Mills,  p-o.,  Fauquier  co.,  Va. 

Clifton,  p-o.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  142  n.  e.  Har- 
risburg,  236  W. 

Clifton,  Miami  t.,  Green  co.,  O.,  52  w.  s.  w. 
Columbus,  445  W.  Situated  at  the  falls  of  the 
,  Little  Miami,  nearly  on  the  county  line.    It  has 


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135 


CLt 


2  churches,  4  or  5  stores,  2  saw  m.,  1  flouring  in ., 

1  cotton  fac,  about  70  dwellings,  ami  350  inhab- 
itants. The  cotton  fac.  is  built  directly  over  the 
r.  at  the  falls,  where  the  r.  enters  a  chasm  in  the 
rocks,  from  30  to  70  feet  deep,  and  from  20  to  50 
feet  wide.  The  building  is  72  feet  long,  40  feet 
wide,  and  3  stories  high.  The  water  power  at 
this  place  is  extensive.  It  is  surrounded  by  a 
fertile  country,  and  is  a  great  thoroughfare. 

Clifton,  p-v.,  Russell  co.,  Va.,  309  s.  w. 
Richmond,  364  W.  Situated  on  Maiden  Spring 
Fork. 

Clifton  Factory,  p-v.,  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md., 
99  s.  Annapolis,  76  W. 

Clifton  Forge,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Va.,  182 
w.  by  n.  Richmond,  229  W. 

Clifton  Park,  p-t.,  Saratoga  co.,  N.  Y.,  17  n. 
by  w.  Albany,  387  W.  The  surface  is  undula- 
ting, and  the  soil  a  fertile  clay  and  sandy  loam. 
Mohawk  r.  runs  on  its  s.  border.  Some  small 
creeks  enter  it  from  this  town.  It  has  8  stores, 
cap.  $11,200;  2  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  1  grist 
m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $300.  13  sch.  419 
scholars.     Pop.  2,719. 

Clifty,  p-o.,  Decatur  co.,  la.,  55  s.  E.  Indian- 
apolis, 558  W. 

Clifty,  t.,  Bartholomew  co.,  la.  It  has  3  sch. 
129  scholars.     Pop.  1,082. 

Climax  Prairie,  p-o.,  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich., 
131  w.  Detroit,  593  W.  Climax  t.,  in  which  it  is 
situated,  contains  1  store,  cap.  $4,000.  2  sch.  Ill 
scholars.     Pop.  301. 

Clinchdale,  p-o.,  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn.,  250  e. 
by  n.  Nashville,  455  W. 

Clinch,  r.,  of  Va.  and  Tenn.,  rises  in  Va.  and 
passes  into  Tenn.,  and  after  a  course  of  about  200 
miles  unites  with  Holston  r.,  at  Kingston,  thus 
forming  Tennessee  r.  It  is  navigable  for  boats 
through  a  large  part  of  its  course. 

Clinch,  t.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,000.  4  sch.  60  scholars. 
Pop.  250. 

Clinton,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  932  sq.  ms.  It  has 
Lower  Canada  on  its  n.,  and  Lake  Champlain 
on  its  e.  border.  The  s.  part  is  elevated  and 
hilly  ;  the  N.  and  E.  parts  are  ttiore  level,  and 
are  well  cultivated.  Iron  ore  of  a  superior  quali- 
ty  is  found  in  the  s.  w.  part  of  the  co.  Watered 
by  Saranac,  Chazy  and  Great  and  Little  Au- 
sable  rivers,  which  afford  extensive  water  pow- 
er. Organized  in  1783.  Lake  Champlain  affords 
great  facilities  for  trade.  Capital,  Plattsburg. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  21,013,  sheep 
55,555,  swine  17,795  ;  wheat  75,293  bush,  produ- 
ced, rye  31,972,  Ind.  com  81,431,  buckwheat 
39,429,  barley  13,289,  oats  145;226,  potatoes 
484,325,  hops  1,434  pounds,  sugar  184,934;  117 
stores,  cap.  $466,640;  6  furnaces,  21  bloomeries, 
forges,  &c,  employing  a  cap.  $231,150 ;  8  fulling 
m.,  7  woollen  fac,  2  cotton  fac.  1,200  sp.,  21  tan- 
neries, 1  brewery,  1  glass  fac,  I  pottery,  1  flour- 
ing m.,  17  grist  m.,  166  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices, 

2  weekly  newspapers.  Capital  in  manufac. 
$661,465.  3acad.  151  students,  103  sch.  2,957 
scholars.     Pop.  28,157. 

Clinton,  county,  Pa.  Situated  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  contains  840  sq.  ms.  The  w.  branch 
of  the  Susquehanna  r.  passes  centrally  through  it 
Surface  mountainous,  soil  first  rate  on  margins  of 
streams.  Capital,  Lock  Haven.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  5,867,  sheep  6,806,  swine  9,316  ; 
wheat  150,354  bush,  produced,  rye  44,975,  Ind. 
corn  66,552,  buckwheat  11,603,  oats  76,468,  po- 
tatoes 60,446 ;  400,000  bush,  bituminous  coal ;  21 
stores,  cap.  $91,600  ;  2  furnaces,  4  forges,  6  tan 
neries,  1  distillery,  1  brewery,  6  flouring  m.,  5 


grist  m.,  28  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  inanui'ac.  $17,435.  1  acad. 
25  students,  7  sch.  £86  scholars.     Pop.  8,3J3. 

Clinton,  ooonty,  Ky.  situated  on  the  s. 
bonier  of  the  slate,  and  contains  200  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  several  small  branches  of  Cumber- 
land r.  Surface  diversified,  soil  fertile.  Capi- 
tal, Albany.  There  were  in  IS  10,  neat  cattle 
3,902,  sheep  4,938,  swine  17,637;  wheat  11,933 
bush,  produced,  rye  893,  Ind.  corn  158,177,  oats 
41,08-4,  potatoes  7,373,  tobacco  81,932  pounds, 
cotton  7,228,  sugar  4,009 ;  5  stores,  cap.  9,500  ;  2 
tanneries,  24  distilleries,  11  grist  m.,  11  saw  in., 
1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,330.  1  acad.  25 
students,  2  sch.  49  scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,674, 
slaves  188,  free  col'd  1 ;  total,  3,863. 

Clinton,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  s.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  400  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  level  or  slightly  uneven,  and  the  soil 
is  fertile.  It  is  particularly  adapted  to  Indian 
corn  and  grass,  yielding  from  60  to  100  bushels 
of  the  lbrmer,  and  3  tons  of  the  latter  to  the  acre. 
Salt  is  found  in  the  s.  w.  part.  Watered  by 
branches  of  Little  Miami  r.,  which  afford  good 
water  power.  The  religious  denominations  are 
the  Friends,  Methodists,  Presbyterians  and  Bap- 
tists. Capital,  Wilmington.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  17,734,  sheep  33,096,  swine 
43,906;  wheat  213,796  bush,  produced,  rye 
2,966,  Ind.  corn  824,449,  buckwheat  1,101,  barley 
226,  oats  193,349,  potatoes  22,285,  hops  327 
pounds,  sugar  112,671;  46  Btores,  cap.  84,460; 
3  fulling  m.,  4  woollen  fac,  13  tanneries  7  flour- 
ing m.,  19  grist  m.,  25  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.,  2  printing 
offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $56,521.  92  sch.  6,188  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 
11,292;  1840,  15,719. 

Clinton,  county,  Mich.  Situated  in  the  cen- 
tral part  of  the  state,  and  contains  576  sq.  ms. 
Drained  n.  by  Maple  r.,  and  s.  by  Lookingglass 
r.,  and  branches.  It  has  a  level  surface,  and  a 
good  soil.  Capital,  De  Witt.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  1,621,  sheep  294,  swine  2,560 ; 
wheat  18,632  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  15,296, 
oats  11,310,  sugar  27,666  pounds.    Pop.  1,614. 

Clinton,  county,  la.  Situated  a  little  n.  w. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  432  sq. 
ins.  Organized  in  1830.  Drained  by  branches 
of  Wildcat  and  Sugar  creeks.  The  soil  is  fertile 
and  well  timbered,  except  the  "Twelve  Mile 
Prairie."  Capital,  Frankfort.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  6,943,  sheep  5,960,  swine  23,693  ; 
wheat  54,281  bush,  produced,  rye  1,751,  Ind. 
corn  415,560,  buckwheat  793,  oats  83,905,  pota- 
toes 17,220,  sugar  110,290  pounds;  9  stores,  cap. 
$16,300;  1  woollen  fac,  4  tanneries,  2  flouring 
m.,  1  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$7,350.  1  sch.  45  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  1,423 ; 
1840,  7,508. 

Clinton,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  480  sq.  ms.  Surface 
undulating,  soil  fertile.  Kaskaskia  river  passes 
centrally  through  it.  Capital,  Carlyle.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,140,  sheep  3,074, 
swine  14,222  ;  wheat  21,367  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  141,405,  oats  36,107,  potatoes  3,286 ;  7  stores, 
cap.  $15,810;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  7  grist  m., 
7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,800.  11  sch. 
215  scholars.    Pop.  1830,  2,330 ;  1840, 3,718. 

Clinton,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  425  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  level,  and  two  thirds  of  it  prairie. 
Soil  very  fertile.  Drained  by  branches  of  Little 
Platte  r.  Capital,  Plattsburg.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  3,108,  sheep  3,227,  swine 
10,392 ;  wheat  2,469  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
136,642,    oats    14,489,    potatoes    7,309,    tobacco 


CLI 


136 


CLI 


6,223  pounds  ;  7  stores,  cap.  27,700 ;  6  distilleries, 
7  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,570. 
5  sch.  128  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,530,  slaves 
191,  free  col'd  3 ;  total,  2,724. 

Clinton,  county,  Iowa  Ter.  Situated  in  the 
E  part  of  the  ter.,  having  the  Mississippi  r.  for 
its  E.  boundary.  Drained  by  Wabesipinica  r. 
and  its  branches,  on  the  s.,  and  on  the  n.  by 
Prairie  cr.,  Deep  cr.  and  other  branches  of  Ma- 
coquetais  r.  Capital,  Camanche.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  865,  sheep  58,  swine  2,007 ; 
wheat  5,413  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  18,515, 
oats  3,555,  potatoes  17,574 ;  3  stores,  cap.  $1 1,350 ; 
2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  4,000.  1 
sch.  15  scholars.     Pop.  821. 

Clinton,  p-t.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  25  n.  n.  e. 
Augusta,  620  W.  The  Kennebec  r.  runs  on  its 
w.  norder,  and  Sebasticook  r.  passes  through  it, 
and  affords  extensive  water  power.  Incorpora- 
ted 1795.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to 
grain  or  grazing.  The  v.  is  situated  on  Sebasti- 
cook r.,  and  has  some  mills  and  manufactures. 
There  are  in  the  t.,  9  stores,  cap.  $9,400 ;  2  ful- 
ling m.,  2  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$13,725.  1,287  scholars  in  schools.  Pop.  2,818. 
Clinton,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Ct.,  51  s.  by  e. 
Hartford,  325  W.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $19,200  ; 
1  fulling  m.,  3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $18,100.    6  sch.  337  scholars.    Pop.  1,239. 

Clinton,  t.,  Dutchess  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  n.  Pough- 
keepsie,  75  s.  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
broken,  and  the  soil  a  gravelly  loam,  and  well  cul- 
tivated. It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $10,500  ;  2  fulling 
m.,  1  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $25,310.  4  sch.  139  scholars.  Pop. 
1,830. 

Clinton,  p-v.,  Kirkland  t,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y., 
99  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  9  s.  w.  Utica,  380  W.  It 
is  pleasantly  situated  on  both  sides  of  Oriskany 
creek.  It  has  4  churches,  1  Presbyterian,  1 
Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Universalist,  8  stores, 
several  schools  of  a  high  order,  100  dwellings, 
and  about  800  inhabitants.  It  has  several  import- 
ant manufacturing  establishments.  Hamilton 
College,  a  respectable  institution,  is  located  here. 
The  buildings,  4  in  number,  constructed  of  stone, 
occupy  a  commanding  eminence,  1  m.  w.  of  the 
v.,  and  are  surrounded  by  grounds  containing  41 
acres.  This  institution  was  founded  in  1812,  has 
a  president  and  6  professors,  or  other  instructors, 
464  alumni,  of  whom  69  have  been  ministers  of 
the  gospel,  94  students,  and  9,000  vols,  in  its  li- 
braries. The  commencement  is  on  the  4th 
Wednesday  in  August. 

Clinton,  p-v.,  Hunterdon  co.,  N.  J.,  37  n.  by 
w.  Trenton,  197  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  branch 
of  Raritan  r.,  at  the  point  of  junction  of  Lebanon, 
Bethlehem,  and  Kingwood  townships,  lying  part- 
ly in  each.  It  has  1  Presbyterian  church,  3 
stores,  2  grist  m.,  1  oil  m.,  and  35  dwellings.  The 
river  affords  a  great  water  power,  and  the  coun- 
try around  is  fertile. 

Clinton,  t.,  Essex  co.,  N.  J.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $7,300  ;  2  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,500. 
3  sch.  137  scholars.    Pop.  1,976. 

Clinton,  p-v.,  Alleghany  co.  Pa.,  226  W. 
Harrisburg,  251  W. 

Clinton,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $3,000.     5  sch.  85  scholars.    Pop.  516. 

Clinton,  t..  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  6  s.  e.  Williams- 
port.  It  lies  in  a  bend  of  the  w.  branch  of  Sus- 
quehanna r.,  by  which  it  is  bounded  on  the  n.  e. 
and  s.  E.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $9,500  ;  1  woollen 
fac,  2  distilleries,  3  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.,  1  oil  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,800.  7  sch.  210  scholars. 
Pop.  1,193. 
Clinton,  p-t.,  Summit  co.,  O.,  118  n.  w.  Co- 


lumbus, 334  W.  Watered  by  Indian  cr.,  a  branch 
of  Tuscarawas  r.  The  t.  was  formerly  called 
Pike. 

Clinton,  p-v.,  Tecumseh  t.,  Lenawee  co., 
Mich.,  52  s.  w.  Detroit,  516  W.  Situated  on  the 
e.  bank  of  the  n.  branch  of  the  river  Raisin.  It 
contains  1  Episcopal  church,  8  stores,  1  flouring 
m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  iron  foundry,  about  100  houses, 
and  600  inhabitants.  The  r.  Raisin  affords  good 
water  power,  and  the  place  has  considerable 
business. 

Clinton,  p-v.,  capital,  Hickman  co.,  Ky.,  298 
w.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  825  W.  Situated  on  the  n. 
side  of  Bayou  Desha.  It  contains  a  court  house 
and  several  dwellings. 

Clinton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Sampson  co.,  N.  C, 
94  s.  s.  e.  Raleigh,  324  W.  It  is  situated  on  a 
branch  of  Black  r.  It  contains  a  court  house  and 
a  few  dwellings. 

Clinton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jones  co.,  Ga.,  26  w. 
Milledgeville,  671  W.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  an  academy  and  Methodist  church. 

Clinton,  p-v.,  Green  co.,  Ala.,  41  s.  Tusca- 
loosa, 859  W. 

Clinton,  p-v.,  Hinds  co.,  Miss.,  10  w.  by  n. 
Jackson,  1,020  W.  It  has  1  Methodist  and  1 
Presbyterian  church,  and  a  female  seminary,  and 
400  inhabitants.  Mississippi  college,  founded  in 
1830,  is  located  here. 

Clinton,  p-v.,  E.  Feliciana  par.,  La.,  112  n.  w. 
New  Orleans,  1,130  W. 

Clinton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Ark., 
90  n.  Little  Rock,  1,096  W.  Situated  on  s.  side 
of  Little  Red  r. 

Clinton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Anderson  co.,  Tenn., 
175  e.  Nashville,  514  W.  Situated  on  the  n. 
bank  of  Clinch  r.,  one  of  the  constituents  of 
Tennessee  r.  It  contains  a  court  house  and 
several  dwellings. 

Clinton,  p-t.,  Vermillion  co.,  la.,  82  w.  Indi- 
anapolis, 659  W.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  w. 
bank  of  Wabash  r.  There  are  in  the  t.,  6  stores, 
cap.  $37,700 ;  1  com.  house,  1  furnace,  1  distille- 
ry, 2  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $6,800.  1  sch.  30  scholars.  Pop. 
1,296. 

Clinton,  p-v.,  capital,  Dewitt  co.,  HI.,  64  e.  n. 
e.  Springfield,  739  W.  Situated  on  Salt  cr.,  a 
branch  of  Sangamon  r. 

Clinton,  t.,  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  bordering  on 
Lake  St.  Clair.  Watered  by  Red  r.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  It  has  11  stores,  cap.  $31,000;  1  fulling 
m.,  1  glass  house,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
newspapers,  2  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m., 
9  sch.  290  scholars.     Pop.  1,115. 

Clinton,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  O.  It  has  2  sch.  50 
scholars.     Pop.  966. 

Clinton,  t.,  Putnam  co.,  la.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $5,500 ;  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  2  grist  m.,  3 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,700.  1  sch.  35 
scholars.     Pop.  1,218. 

Clinton,  t.,  Lucas  co.,  O.  It  has  3  sch.  104 
scholars.     Pop.  353. 

Clinton,  v.,  capital  of  Rives  co.,  Mo ,  situa- 
ted near  the  N.  bank  of  Grand  r. 

Clinton,  t.,  Jackson  co.,  O.  It  has  1  tannery. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $150.  1  sch.  25  scholars.  Pop. 
824. 

Clinton,  t.,  Seneca  co.,  O.  It  has  12  stores, 
cap.  $28,740  ;  2  printing  offices,^  2  weekly  news- 
papers, 4  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$13,200.    8  sch.  235  scholars.    Pop.  2,195. 

Clinton,  t.,  Shelby  co.,  O.  It  has  14  stores, 
cap.  $14,300 ;  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2  printing 
offices,  1  weekly  newspaper,  3  flouring  m.,  2  grist 
m.,  5  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,510. 
1  sch.  24  scholars.    Pop.  783. 


CLY 


137 


COB 


Clinton,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  O.    Pop.  966. 

Clinton,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  O.    Pop.  873. 

Clinton,  p-t.,  Knox  co.,  O.  It  has  5  sch.  210 
scholars.     Pop.  920. 

Clinton  College,  p-v.,  Smith  co.,  Tenn.,  53 
E.  n.  e.  Nashville,  644  W. 

Clinton  Furnace,  p-o.,  Clarion  co.,  Pa. 

Clinton  Hollow,  p-o.,  Clinton  t.,  Dutchess 
co.,  N.  Y.,  63  s.  Albany,  316  W. 

Clintonville,  p-v.,  Au  Sable  t.,  Clinton  co., 
N.  Y.,  153  n.  Albany,  528  W.  Situated  on  the 
N.  side  of  Au  Sable  r.,  10  w.  Port  Kent,  on  Lake 
Champlain.  It  has  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Metho- 
dist church,  8  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  100 
dwellings,  and  about  750  inhabitants.  The  Peru 
Iron  Company,  with  a  capital  of  $200,000,  have 
extensive  iron  works  at  this  place.  The  best  of 
iron  ore  is  obtained  in  this  vicinity. 

Clintonville,  p-v.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  214  w. 
N.  w.  Harrisburg,  269  W. 

Clintonville,  p-v.,  Greenbrier  co.,  Va.,  224 
w.  by  n.  Richmond,  261  W.  It  contains  a  Meth- 
odist church,  1  store,  and  several  dwellings,  and 
about  30  or  40  inhabitants. 

Clintonville,  p-v.,  Bourbon  co.,  Ky.,  45  e. 
Frankfort,  516  W. 

Clio,  p-v.,  Marlboro'  dist.,  S.  C,  117  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbia, 419  W. 

Clio,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  Ky.,  94  s.  Frankfort, 
600  W. 

Clockville,  p-v.,  Lenox  t.,  Madison  co.,  N. 
Y.,  120  w.  by  n.  Albany,  360  W.  It  has  two 
churches,  1  store,  2  grist  m.,  2  plaster  m.,  40 
dwellings,  and  about  250  inhabitants. 

Clopton's  Mills,  p-o.,  Putnam  co.,  Ga.,  16  n. 
w.  Milledgeville,  637  W. 

Cloutierville,  p-v.,  Natchitoches  par.,  La., 
337  n.  w.  by  w.  New  Orleans,  1,256  W. 

Clove,  p-o.,  Unionvale  t.,  Dutchess  co.,N.  Y., 
78  s.  by  e.  Albany,  317  W. 

Clove,  p-o.,  Wantage  t.,  Sussex  co.,  N.  J. 

Clover  Bottom,  p-o.,  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn. 

Clover  Dale,  p-o.,  Botetourt  co.,  Va.,  184  w. 
Richmond,  234  W. 

Clover  Dale,  p-o.,  Putnam  co.,  la.,  49  w.  In- 
dianapolis, 614  W. 

Clover  Dale,  p-o.,  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  112  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  635  W. 

Cloverdale  Hotel,  p-o.,  Bath  co.,  Va.,  142 
w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  180  W. 

Clover  Garden,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C,  41 
N.  w.  Raleigh,  299  W. 

Clover  Hill,  p-o.,  Hunterdon  co.,  N.  J.,  30 
N.  Trenton,  190  W. 

Clover  Hill,  p-o.,  Prince  Edward  co.,  Va., 
92  w.  s.  w.  Richmond,  178  W. 

Clover  Port,  p-v.,  Breckenridge  co.,  Ky., 
126  w.  by  s.  Frankfort,  668  W.  Situated  on  the 
s.  bank  of  Ohio  r.,  at  the  mouth  of  Clover  cr.  It 
has  1  Baptist  and  1  Methodist  church,  and  about 
300  inhabitants. 

Clovesville,  p-o.,  Middletown  t,  Delaware 
co.,  N.  Y.,  70  s.  w.  Albany,  344  W. 

Cloyd's  Creek,  p-o.,  Blount  co.,  Tenn.,  182 
E.  by  s.  Nashville,  527  W. 

Clyde,  p-v.,  Galen  t.,  Wayne  co.,  N.  Y.,  174 
w.  by  n.  Albany,  354  W.  Situated  on  Clyde  r., 
and  on  the  Erie  canal.  Incorporated  in  1835.  It 
contains  4  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episco- 
pal, 1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist — an  academy,  16 
stores,  4  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  2  glass  fac,  1  fur- 
nace, 1  tannery,  and  various  mechanics,  130 
dwellings,  and  about  1,000  inhabitants. 

Clyde,  r.,  in  the  county  of  Wayne,  formed  by 
the  junction  of  Flint  and  Mud  creeks,  flows  e.  20 
ms.,  and  falls  into  Seneca  r.  It  is  navigable  for 
boats  to  Lyons. 

18 


Clyde  Mills,  p-o..  Clyde  t.,  St.  Clair  co., 
Mich.,  67  n.  e.  Detroit,  590  W.  It  is  situated  on 
Black  r.,  12  miles  from  its  month,  at  the  head  of 
steamboat  navigation.  It  has  a  store,  1  flouring 
m.,  and  2  saw  m.  There  are  in  the  t.,  7  stores, 
cap.  $8,300;  2  tanneries,  1  printing  office,  1 
weekly  newspaper,  2  saw  m.  (an.  in  manufac- 
tures, $23,400.  2  schools,  40  scholars.  Popula- 
tion, 413. 

Clymer,  p-t.,  Chautaunue  co.,  N.  Y.,  355  w. 
bys.  Albany,  334  W.  The  surface  is  rolling, 
and  the  soil,  a  fertile  sandy  loam.  Drained  by 
Broken  Straw  cr.  The  v.  contains  2  stores,  1 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,and  12  or  15  dwellings.  There 
are  in  the  t.,  2  stores,  cap.  $2,500;  1  turnery,  I 
grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,100.  6 
sch.  256  scholars.    Pop.  909. 

Clymer  Centre,  p-o.,  Clymer  t.,  Chautauque 
co.,  N.  Y.,  350  w.  by  s.  Albany,  329  W. 

Coahoma,  county,  Miss.,  in  the  n.  w.  part  of 
the  state,  contains  680  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is 
level,  and  at  certain  seasons  inundated.  Chief 
article  of  production,  cotton.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  3,430,  sheep  222,  swine  3,923 ;  Indian 
corn  48,779  bush,  produced,  potatoes  7,239,  cotton 
418,796  pounds;  1  store,  cap.  $1,000.  3  sch.  69 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  766,  slaves  524;  total, 
1,290. 

Coal,  t.,  Northumberland  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $4,000  ;  4  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $8,480.    2  sch.  67  scholars.    Pop.  914. 

Coal  Brook,  t.,  Clinton  co.,  Pa.  It  has 
2  stores,  cap.  $3,100;  1  furnace,  1  forge,  1  saw 
m.    Pop.  516. 

Coal  Hill,  p  o.,  Goochland  co.,  Va.,  14  n.  w. 
Richmond,  131  W. 

Coal  Mines,  p-o.,  Chesterfield  co.,  Va.,  15  s 
w.  Richmond,  132. 

Coal  Mountain,  p-o.,  Forsyth  co.,  Ga.,  115 
n.  w.  Milledgeville,  638  W. 

Coal  River  Marshes,  p-o.,  Fayette  co.,  Va., 
300  w.  Richmond,  337  W. 

Coal  Run,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  O.,  92  s.  e. 
Columbus,  316  W. 

Coalsmouth,  p-o.,  Kanawha  co.,  Va.,  325  w. 
N.  w.  Richmond,  362  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side 
of  Kanawha  r.,  at  the  mouth  of  Coal  r.,  which  af- 
fords water  power.  It  contains  1  store,  1  grist 
m.,  and  1  saw  m. 

Coatsville,  p-v.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  62  e.  s.  e. 
Harrisburg,  130  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  branch 
of  Brandy  wine  cr.  It  has  3  paper  m.,  2  cotton 
fac,  a  nail,  and  other  factories.  There  is  a  cha- 
lybeate spring  of  some  notoriety  in  the  vicinity. 

Coates'  Tavern,  p-o.,  York  dist,  S.  C,  76  n. 
Columbia,  452  W. 

Cobb,  county,  Ga.  Situated  toward  the  N.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  480  sq.  ms.  The 
Chattahoochee  r.  runs  on  its  s.  E.  border.  Wa- 
tered by  branches  of  that  r.  qn  the  s.,  and  of 
Coosa  on  the  n.  Capital,  Marietta.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,629,  sheep  3,524,  swine 
20,177  ;  wheat  27,264  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
320,029,  oats  10,606,  potatoes  5,342,  cotton  154,965 
pounds  ;  24  stores,  cap.  $26,450  ;  1  cotton  fac,  2 
tanneries,  8  distilleries,  2  flouring  m.,  22  grist  m., 
19  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $98,355.  3  sch.  70 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,630,  slaves  904,  free  col'd 
5 ;  total,  7,539. 

Cobb's,  p-o.,  McMinn  co.,  Tenn.,  182  e.  s.  e. 
Nashville,.574  W. 

Cobb's  Corners,  p-o.,  Mantua  t,  Portage  co., 
O.,  119  n.  e.  Columbus,  334  W. 

Cobb's  Fork,  p-o.,  Decatur  co.,  la.,  62  s.  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 556  W. 

Cobb's  Store,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  Ala.,  156  N. 
n.  E.  Tuscaloosa,  720  W. 


COE 


138 


COL 


Allen  t.,  Union  co.,  O.,  51  n. 
V. 
Schoharie  co.,  N.  Y.,  42  w. 


Coberly's,  p-o 
w.  Columbus,  441  W. 

(OBLESKILL,  p-t, S 

\i!nuiv,  3S6  W.  The  surface  is  hilly,  with  fer- 
tile valleys.  Drained  by  Cobleskill  cr.  Here  is 
a  mill  stream  issuing  from  a  natural  well,  which 
has  never  been  effectually  sounded.  This  stream 
soon  enters  a  subterranean  passage,  and  reap- 
pears after  a  distance  of  7  miles.  The  v.  contains 
1  church,  3  stores,  1  saw  m.,  and  20  dwellings. 
The  t.  has  13  stores,  cap.  $48,100  ;  3  fulling  m., 
3  tanneries,  1  brewery,  5  grist  m,  21  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,400.     19  sch.  987  scholars. 

°Coblesk:ill  Centre,  p-o.,  Cobleskill  t.,  Scho- 
harie co.,  N.  Y.,  44  w.  Albany,  384  W. 

Coburn's  Store,  p-o.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  N. 
C,  167  w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  404  W. 

Cocalico,  p-o.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  37  e.  by  s. 
Harrisburg,  135  W. 

Cochecton,  p-t.,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  Y.,  131  s.  w. 
Albany,  293  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  gra- 
velly loam.  Delaware  r.  bounds  it  on  the  w. 
Drained  by  Collicoon  and  Ten  Mile  creeks,  which 
flow  into  the  Delaware.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  Delaware,  and  contains  1  store,  20 
dwellings,  and  about  125  inhabitants.  There  are 
in  the  t.,  2  stores,  cap.  $3,800  ;  1  tannery,  2  grist 
m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,500.  5  sch. 
167  scholars.  Pop.  622. 
Cochran,  t.,  Macon  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  196. 
Cochran's  Grove,  p-v.,  Shelby  co.,  111.,  72  s. 
E.  Springfield,  716  W. 

Cochran's  Mills,  p-o.,  Pickens  co.,  Ala.,  39 
w.  Tuscaloosa,  857  W. 
Cochran's,  p-o.,  Putnam  co.,  O. 
Cochransville,  p-v.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  62  e. 
s.  E.  Harrisburg,  106  W. 

Cochran,  t.,  Macon  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  196. 
Cochranton,  p-o.,  Salt  Rock  t.,  Marion  co., 
O.,  10  w.  Marion,  8  e.  Burlington. 

Cocke,  county,  Tenn.     Situated  in  the  E.  part 
of  the  state,  bounded  on  the  s.  E.  by  the  Smoky 
Mountains,  a  chain  of  the  Alleghany  from  N.  C. 
Drained  by  French  Broad  r.  and  Big  Pigeon  r. 
It  contains  374  sq.  ms.    The  surface  is  uneven 
and  broken.    Capital,  Newport.     There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  4,435,  sheep  2,880,  swine  15,190 ; 
wheat  18,820  bush,  produced,  rye  2,145,  Ind.  corn 
265,680,  oats  29,450,    potatoes  5,455,  hops  335 
pounds  ;  6  stores,  cap.  $26,000  ;  1  tannery,  1  dis- 
tillery, 2  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.     Cap.  in 
manufac.  $4,250.     Pop.  1830,  6,017 ;  1840,  whites 
6,199,  slaves  634,  free  col'd  159  ;  total,  6,992. 
Cochranton,  p-o.,  Harrison  co.,  O. 
Codorus,  creek,  rises  in  Frederick  co.,  Md., 
and  after  a  comparative  course  of  30  ms.,  enters 
the  Susquehanna  r.-  near  New  Holland  v.,  in  Pa. 
Codorus,  p-v.,  Old  Codorus  t.,  York  co.,  Pa., 
37  s.  Harrisburg,  83  W.     Situated  on   Codorus 
creek. 

Coelebs,  p-o.,  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  174  s.  w. 
by  w.  Richmond,  261  W. 

Coeymans,  p-t.,  Albany  co.,  N.  Y.,  13  s.  Alba- 
ny, 356  W.  The  surface  is  broken  ;  soil  various. 
Drained  by  Coeyman's  cr.,  and  other  small  trib- 
utaries of  Hudson  r.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the 
w.  side  of  the  Hudson  r.,  and  contains  1  Dutch 
Reformed,  and  1  Methodist  church,  10  stores, 
1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  axe  fee,  1  cloth  dressing 
and  fulling  m.,  and  extensive  brickyards.  It  con- 
tains 100  dwellings,  and  about  700  inhabitants. 
It  has  a  steamboat  landing,  and  several  sloops 
navigating  the  r.  There  are  in  the  t.,  15  stores,  cap. 
$23,o00  ;  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $31,050  ;  15  sch.  733  scholars.  Pop 
3,107. 


Coeyman's  Hollow,  p-o.,  Coeyman's  t.,  Al- 
bany co.,  N.  Y.,  19  s.  Albany,  362  W. 

Coffee,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  cen- 
tral part  of  the  state,  and  contains  170  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  undulating  ;  soil  fertile.  Drained 
by  head  branches  of  Duck  r.  Capital,  Manches- 
ter. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,243,  sheep 
8,198,  swine  34,119;  wheat  47,799  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye,  4,761,  Ind.  corn  1,565,873,  oats  74,934, 
potatoes  12,105,  tobacco  26,348  pounds,  cotton 
69,060,  sugar  700 ;  8  stores,  cap.  $25,540  ;  9  tan- 
neries, 26  distilleries,  1  rope  fee,  10  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,550.  8  sch.  342 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  7,057,  slaves  1,105,  free 
col'd  22;  total,  8,184. 

Coffee  Creek,  p-o.,  Porter  co.,  la.,  148  n.  n. 
w.  Indianapolis,  692  W. 

Coffee  Run,  p-o.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  103 
w.  Harrisburg,  107  W. 

Coffeeton,  p-o.,  Wabash  co.,  111.,  170  s.  e. 
Springfield,  726  W. 

Coffeeville,  p-v.,  Clark  co.,  Ala.,  132  w.  by 
s.  Tuscaloosa,  944  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  bank 
of  Tombigbee  r. 

Coffeeville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Yallabusha  co., 
Miss.,  130  n.  by  e.  Jackson,  941  W.  Situated  on 
both  sides  of  Turkey  cr.,  a  branch  of  Yazoo  r.  It 
contains  a  court  house  and  several  dwellings. 

Cohasset,  p-t.,  Norfolk  co.,  Ms.,  20  s.  e.  Bos- 
ton, 460  W.  Incorporated  in  1770.  It  has  a 
rocky  and  dangerous  coast.  It  has  considerable 
shipping,  mostly  engaged  in  coasting  and  fishing. 
Its  ocean  breezes  make  it  a  pleasant  summer  re- 
sort.    It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $10,400;  1  flouring  m., 

1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,500. 

2  acad.  45  students,  5  sch.  423  scholars.  Pop.  1,471. 
Cohocton,  p-o.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  230  w.  by 

s.  Albany,  315  W. 

Cohoes,p-v.,  Watervliet  t.,  Albany  co.,  N.  Y., 
8  n.  Albany,  378  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  w.  bank 
of  the  Mohawk  r.,  a  little  below  Cohoes  Falls, 
near  the  junction  of  the  Erie  and  Champlain  ca- 
nals.   Here  is  a  cotton  fac.  with  7,000  sp.  and 


220  looms,  1  flouring  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1  iron  and 
brass  foundry,  and  various  other  manufactories 
The  v.   contains 


6  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1 
Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  1  Dutch  Re- 
formed, and  1  Universalist — 12  stores,  200  dwel- 
lings, and  about  2,000  inhabitants.  The  water 
power,  which  might  be  employed  at  this  place,  is 
very  extensive. 

Cohoes  Falls,  on  the  Mohawk  r.,  2  miles 
from  its  mouth,  near  Cohoes  v.,  N.  Y.,  present  a 
romantic,  and  when  the  river  is  full,  a  grand  ap- 
pearance. Besides  a  rapid  above  and  below,  the 
river  here,  from  3  to  400  feet  broad,  has  a  per- 
pendicular fall  of  70  feet.  Half  a  mile  below 
the  falls  is  a  bridge  across  the  r.,  800  feet  long, 
presenting  a  beautiful  view  of  the  cataract.  This 
fall  is  always  an  object  of  curiosity  and  admira- 
tion to  travellers. 

Cohuttah  Spring,  p-o.,  Murray  co.,  Ga.,  12 
N.  Spring  Place,  2i  from  the  n.  boundary  of  the 
state.  Situated  at  the  base  of  Cohuttah  mt. 
The  spring  is  on  the  s.  side  of  a  small  and  beautiful 
stream,  issuing  from  the  mountain,  which  joins 
the  Connesauga  cr.,  6  miles  below.  This  is  one 
of  the  most  valuable  mineral  springs  in  this  sec- 
tion of  the  country. 

Coitsville,  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  182  n.  e. 
Columbus,  17  s.  E.  Warren,  289  W.  Beaver  r.  and 
the  Beaver  canal  run  through  its  s.  w.  corner. 
It  has  8  sch.  365  scholars.     Pop.  1,005. 

Cokesburg,  p-v.,  Abbeville  dist.,  S.  C,  93  w. 
Columbia,  523  W. 

Coker  Creek,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Tenn. 

Colbert,  p-v.,  Lowndes  co.,  Miss.,  155  n.  e. 


COL 


139 


COL 


Jackson,  899  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  the 
Tombigbee  river.  It  contains  several  stores  and 
dwellings. 

Colbyville,  p-v.,  Clarke  co.,  Ky.,  39  e.  s.  e. 
Frankfort,  530  W. 

Colchester,  p-t.,  Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,46  w.  s. 
w.  Montpelier,  519  W.  It  has  Lake  Champlain 
on  its  w.  border,  from  which  Mallet's  bay,  a 
large  body  of  water,  sets  up  into  the  town.  La- 
modle  r.  runs  through  its  n.  w.  comer.  First  set- 
tled in  1774.  The  natural  growth  was  partly 
white  pine,  with  a  light  soil;  and  partly  hard 
wood,  with  a  fertile  clay  loam.  On  Onion  river, 
partly  in  this  own,  and  partly  in  Burlington,  is 
Winooski  city,  a  flourishing  manufacturing  vil- 
lage, with  a  covered  bridge  across  the  r.,  and 
where  is  an  extensive  water  power.  The  t.  has 
been  extensively  employed  in  the  lumber  trade. 
It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $5,400;  1  woollen  fac,  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $157,800.  9  sch.  297 
scholars.     Pop.  1,739. 

Colchester,  p-t.,  New  London  co.,  Ct.,  24  s. 
s.  e.  Hartford,  20  n.  n.  w.  New  London,  384  W. 
The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  fertile  gravelly 
loam.  Watered  by  Salmon  r.  The  vdlage  is 
pleasantly  situated,  on  elevated  ground,  chiefly 
on  one  street,  and  contains  a  Congregational 
and  a  Baptist  church;  and  Bacon  Academy, 
founded  in  1800,  by  the  donation  of  $35,000, 
which  has  the  name  of  its  founder.  It  is  a  free 
school  to  all  the  inhabitants  of  the  first  ecclesias- 
tical society.  The  building  is  of  brick,  3  stories 
high,  75  feet  long,  and  34  wide.  It  usually  has 
from  90  to  100  scholars.  The  t.  has  6  stores,  cap. 
$28,900  ;  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $1,800.  1  acad.  250  students,  14  sch. 
619  scholars.     Pop.  2,101. 

Colchester,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.,  N.  Y.,  98  s. 
w.  by  w.  Albany,  316  W.  The  surface  is  hilly 
and  mountainous ;  soil,  adapted  to  grazing. 
Drained  by  Papacton  branch  of  Delaware  r. 
Lumber  is  rafted  to  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $10,000;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  4  grist  m., 
31  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $900.  16  sch.  402 
scholars.     Pop.  1,567. 

Coldbrook,  p-v.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  61  w. 
Boston,  413  W.  Pleasantly  situated  on  a  brook 
of  the  same  name,  and  has  some  manufactures. 

Coldbrook,  p-v.,  Russia  t.,  Herkimer  co.,  N. 
Y.,  86  n.  w.  Albany,  410  W.  Situated  on  a 
stream  of  the  same  name,  and  contains  1  church, 
2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  plaster  m.,  40 
dwellings,  and  about  300  inhabitants. 

Coldbrook,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  111.,  115  n.  w. 
Springfield,  844  W. 

Colden,  p-t.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y.,  286  w.  Albany, 
365  W.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  the  soil  clay, 
too  wet  and  cold  for  grain,  but  it  produces  good 
grass.  Drained  by  Cazenove  cr.  Organized  in 
1827.  At  the  v.  are  some  mills,  and  a  small  set- 
tlement. It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,000 ;  1  tannery, 
1  pottery,  1  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$4,700.     11  sch.  449  scholars.    Pop.  1,088. 

CoLDENHAMjjj<*»Newburg  t.,  Orange  co.,  N. 
Y.,  90  s.  by  w^jflny,  292  W. 

Cold  Sprintj^p-v.,  Phillipstown  t.,  Putnam 
co.,  N.  Y,  100  s.  Albany,  278  W.  It  has  a  ro- 
mantic situation,  on  the  e.  side  of  Hudson  r.,  in 
the  Highlands,  1  mile  above  West  Point.  It  con- 
tains 5  churches — 1  Baptist,  1  Catholic,  1  Episco- 
pal, 1  Methodist,  1  Presbyterian — 11  stores,  and 
1,250  inhabitants.  The  West  Point  foundry  is 
situated  here.  It  employs  400  men,  and  has  an 
iron  foundry,  a  brass  foundry,  pattern,  smith's, 
machine,  and  boiler  shops.  There  are  attached 
to  the  foundry  3  air  furnaces,  3  cupolas.  In  the 
smith's  shop  there  is  1  trip-hammer  of  7  ts.  weight, 


and  2  tilt-hammers — one  <>(  :i  thousand  and  the 
other  of  500  lbs.  The  machine  ■hop  contains  29 
turning  lathes,  and  3  planing  muchines  for  iron. 

Cold  Sprino,  t.,  Cattarangna  co.,  N\  Y 
w.Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly ,  with  extensive 
valleys.  Watered  by  Alleghany  ri\  er  and  <  'old 
Spring  cr.,  its  tributary.  It  contains  an  Indian 
village.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of  Alleghany 
r.,  on  the  line  of  the  N.  Y.  and  Erie  railroad.  It 
is  the  centre  of  a  considerable  lumber  tru<1<\ 
There  are  in  the  town  1  store,  cap.  $500 ;  1  grist 
m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,800.  1  sch. 
45  scholars.    Pop.  673. 

Cold  Spring,  p-v.,  Lower  t.,  Cape  May  co., 
N.  J.,  105  s.  Trenton,  215  W.  It  contains  an 
Episcopal  church,  2  stores,  and  15  or  20  dwellings. 

Cold  Spring,  p-o.,  Edgefield  dist.,  S.  C. 

Cold  Spring,  p-o.,  Wilkinson  co.,  Miss.,  120 
s.  w.  Jackson,  1,130  W. 

Cold  Spring,  p-o.,  Campbell  co.,  Ky.,  91  n 
n.  e.  Frankfort,  501  W. 

Cold  Spring,  p-v.,  Shelby  co.,  El.,  72  s.  e. 
Springfield,  736  W 

Cold  Spring  Harbor,  p-v.,  Oyster  Bay  and 
Huntington  ts.,  Queens  ana  Suffolk  counties,  N. 
Y.,  186  s.  by  e.  Albany,  266  W.  Situated  on 
both  sides  of  the  head  of  Cold  Spring  harbor.  It 
has  1  Episcopal  church,  3  stores,  2  woollen  fac- 
tory, 1  grist  m.,  80  dwellings,  and  about  500  in- 
habitants. It  has  several  ships  employed  in  the 
whaling  business,  and  several  smaller  vessels  in 
the  coasting  trade. 

Cold  Stream,  p-v.,  Hampshire  co.,  Va.,  21  e. 
Romney,  167  n.  n.  w.  Richmond,  595  W.  Situ- 
ated on  the  w.  bank  of  Great  Cacapon  r.  It  con- 
tains 1  church,  2  mills,  1  woollen  fac,  and  other 
manufacturing  establishments. 

Cold  Water,  p-o.,  Elbert  co.,  Ga.,  121  n.  n. 
e.  Raleigh,  575  W. 

Cold  Water,  p-t.,  capital  of  Branch  co.,  Mich., 
110  w.  s.  w.  Detroit,  558  W.  Watered  by  Cold- 
water  river  and  its  branches.  It  has  10  stores, 
1  furnace,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper, 
1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $40,400.     8  sch.  179  scholars.     Pop.  1,123. 

Cole,  county,  Mo.,  situated  in  the  centre  of 
the  state,  and  along  the  s.  bank  of  Missouri  r.,  and 
contains  650  sq.  ms.  Osage  r.  runs  on  its  s.  w.  bor- 
der. Watered  by  Moreau  cr.,  which  flows  into 
the  Missouri  r.,  a  few  miles  above  the  entrance 
of  the  Osage  r.  Capital,  Jefferson  city.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,978,  sheep  7,832,  swine 
27,702 ;  wheat  30,080  bushels  produced,  Indian 
corn  290,559,  oats  49,173,  potatoes  23,475,  tobacco 
179,455  pounds,  cotton  1,382,  sugar  7,569 ;  36 
stores,  cap.  $91,928;   4  tanneries,  7  distilleries, 

1  pottery,  32  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices, 

2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$35,197.  2  acad.  74  students,  14  sch.  314  schol- 
ars. Pop.  1830,  3,023 ;  1840,  whites  8,073,  slaves 
1,179,  free  col'd  34  ;  total,  9,286. 

Cole,  t.,  Benton  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  817. 

Colebath,  t.,  Clarke  co.,  Ark.,  Pop.  169. 

Colebrook,  p-t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H,  135  n.  Con- 
cord, 596  W.  Connecticut  river  runs  on  its  w. 
boundary.  Watered  by  Mohawk  r.  and  Beaver 
brook.  On  Connecticut  river  are  fine  intervale 
lands.  Incorporated  in  1790.  It  has  an  incor- 
porated academy ;  2  stores,  cap.  $8,000 ;  8  sch. 
192  scholars.     Pop.  743. 

Colebrook,  t.,  Ashtabula  county,  O.  Rock 
and  Musketo  creeks  pass  through  it.  It  has  5 
sch.  205  scholars.     Pop.  530. 

Colebrook,  p-t.,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct.,  32  n.  w. 
Hartford,  356  W.  First  settled  in  1765.  The 
surface  is  uneven,  and  the  soil  hard  and  gravel- 
ly, well  fitted  for  grazing.    Drained  by  Colebrook 


COL 


140 


COL 


— Irib^T^th^v.  branch  of  Farmington  r., 
which  affbrdl  mill  seats.  It  contains  3  churches 
-a  Congregational,  at  the  centre,  a  Baptist  m  the 
N  w    and  an  Episcopal  in  the  s.  E.  part.    It  has 


2  stores,  cap. 


,500 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery, 
v  m.     Cai 
222   scholars.     Pop. 


It  has 


mp^manufac.,'  2  grist  m.,  2 1  saw  m     Cap.  u 
manufac.  $45,300.    8  sch    * 

1  23'' 

'Colebrookdale,  p-t,  Berks  co.,  Pa., ,73 !e. 
Harrisburg,  166  W.   It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $13,700 

2  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  I 
dim!    Cap.' in  manufac.  $11,250.     Pop.  1,124 

Colebrook  River,  p-o.,  Culebjook  t.,  Litch- 
field co.,  Ct.,  31  n.  w.  Hartford,  355  W. 

Cole  Camp,  p-o.,  Benton  co.,  Mo.,  65  s.  w. 
Jefferson  city,  1,001  W.  % 

Cole  Creek,  p-o.,  Fountain  co.,  la.,  66  w.  s. 
w.  Indianapolis,  637  W. 

Cole  Creek,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  la. 
2  sch.  43  scholars.    Poo.  1,589. 

Coleman,  p-o.,  Cabarras  co.,  N.  C. 

Coleman,  p-o.,  Adair  co.,  Ky.,  116  s.  by  w. 
Frankfort,  630  W.  .      •.;.:.£ 

Coleman  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Edgefield  dist., 
S.  C,  51  w.  Columbia,  537  W. 

Colemansville,  p-v.,  Harrison  co.,  Ky.,  53 
N.  e.  Frankfort,  521  W. 

Colerain,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  101  w.  by  n. 
Boston,  411  W.  Watered  by  a  branch  of  Deer- 
field  r.,  which  affords  water  power.  It  is  a  fine 
grazing  township,  and  has  considerable  manufac- 
tures. It  contains  1  furnace  ;  4  stores,  cap.  $8,000 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  3  cotton  fac.  6,220  sp.,  2  grist  m.,  4 
saw  m.,  17  sch.  769  scholars.    Pop.  1,971. 

Colerain,  t.,  Ross  co.,  O.,  in  the  n.  e.  corner 
of  the  county.    Pop.  1,281. 

Colerain,  p-t.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  69  s.  e. 
Harrisburg,  104  W.    It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $8,200 ; 

1  furnace,  1  forge,  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 

2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $9,000.  7  sch.  240  scholars.  Pop. 
1,453. 

Colerain,  t.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $2,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  distillery, 
1  pottery,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $8,420.     1  sch.  30  scholars.     Pop.  5,190. 

Colerain,  t.,  Hamilton  co.,  O.,  10  n.  Cincin- 
nati. The  Great  Miami  river  forms  its  western 
boundary.    It  has  3  sch.  19  scholars.     Pop.  2,272 


Cole's  Creek,  p-o.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  113 
n.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  224  W. 

Cole's  Mill,  p-o.,  Delaware  Co.,  O 

Colesville,  p-t.,  Broome  co.,N.Y.,  124  w.  s. 
w.  Albany,  306  W.  The  Susquehanna  r.  passes 
through  it.  The  surface  is  generally  hilly,  ex- 
cepting fine  alluvial  flats  along  the  river.  The 
village  has  1  Presbyterian  church,  1  store,  and 
about  15  dwellings.  Pop.  of  the  t.  2,528.  It  has 
2  stores,  cap.  $14,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  14 
saw  m.,  20  sch.  901  scholars.     Pop.  2,528. 

College,  t.,  Knox  co.,  O.  It  has  3  sch.  125 
scholars.     Pop.  232. 

College  Corners,  p-v.,  Butler  co.,  O.,  110 
Columbus,  507  W.  It  is  in  the  N.  w.  corner  of 
the  county,  on  the  margin  of  the  state  of  la.  It 
has  2  stores,  and  several  mechanics,  and  a  small 
village. 

College  Hill,  p-o.,  Lafayette  co.,  Miss.,  166 
N.  N.  E.  Jackson,  919  W. 

College  Point,  p-o.,  Flushing  t.,  Queens 
co.,  N.  Y.,  159  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  239  W.  It  is  the 
seat  of  St.  Paul's  College,  an  Episcopal  institu- 
tion, pleasantly  situated,  commanding  a  fine  view 
of  Long  Island  sound. 

College v i lle,  p-v.,  Saline  co.,  Ark.,  15  s. 
w.  Little  Rock,  1,080  W. 

Colleton,  district,  S.  C,  situated  in  the  s. 

The 


Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 

Belmont  co.,  O.,  126  E.  Co- 
The  surface  is  hilly,  and  the 
[  has  3  sch.  68  scholars.     Pop. 


Colerain,  p-v.,  Bertie  co.,  N.  C,  176  e.  by  n 
Raleigh,  248  W. 
Chowan  river. 

Colerain,  p-t. 
lumbus,  272  W. 
soil  productive. 
1,390. 

Colerain  Forge,  p-v.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa., 
106  w.  Harrisburg,  165  W.  Situated  on  Spruce 
creek. 

Coles,  county  111.,  situated  in  the  e.  part  of 
the  state,  and  contains  1,248  sq.  ms.  Organized 
in  1830.  Drained  by  Kaskaskia  and  Embarrass 
rs.,  and  by  the  heads  of  the  Little  Wabash  river, 
which  affords  mill  seats.  It  is  moderately  un- 
dulating, has  extensive  prairies,  and  much  good 
land.  Capital,  Charleston.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  11,569,  sheep  9,745,  swine 
75,422 ;  wheat  30,519  bush,  prod.,  rye  1,403,  Ind. 
corn  528,351,  oats  61,722,  hops  16,533  pounds, 
sugar  15,858 ;  22  stores,  cap.  $80,653 ;  3  tanne- 
ries, 4  distilleries,  1  flouring  m.,  11  grist  m.,  8  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $43,515.  19  sch.  545 
scholars.     Pop.  9,616. 

Coles,  C.  H.,  p-o.,  Charleston  v 
Coles  co.,  111.,  96   E.  s.  E.  Springfield,  688  W 
Situated  2s  miles  w.  of  Embarrass  r.    It  has  a 


part  of  the  state,  and  contains  2,100  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  entirely  level,  and  the  soil  is  produc- 
tive. The  Combahee  r.  forms  its  s.  w.  boundary, 
and  the  Edisto  passes  through  it.  The  Atlantic 
washes  its  s.  e.  border.  Its  principal  productions 
are  rice  and  cotton.  Capital,  Waterboro.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,595,  sheep  8,975,  swine 
35,443;  wheat  3,763  bush,  prod.,  Indian  com 
325,825,  oats  29,823,  potatoes  178,990,  nee 
5,483,533  pounds,  cotton  420,910;  10  stores,  cap. 
$9,700;  1  flouring  m.,  12  grist  m.,  13  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $30,800.  4  acad.  112  students, 
21  sch.  642  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  27,256 ;  1840, 
whites  5,874,  slaves  19,246,  free  col'd  428 ;  total, 
25,478. 

Colleton,  p-o.,  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  190  s.  w. 
by  w.  Nashville,  875  W. 

Colletsville,  p-v.,  Caldwell  co.,  N.  C,  213 
w.  Raleigh,  419  W. 

Colliers,  p-o.,  Edgefield  dist.,  S.  C,  91  w. 
Columbia,  569  W. 

Collierstown,  p-o.,  Rockbridge  co.,  Va.,  155 
w.  by  n.  Richmond,  195  W.  Situated  on  Collier 
cr.  in  the  w.  part  of  the  county,  and  has  8  or  10 
houses. 

Colliersville,  p-o.,  Milford  t.,  Otsego   co., 
N.  Y.,  73  w.  Albany,  355  W. 
Colliersville,  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,  Tenn. 
Colliery,  p-o.,   Oglethorpe  co.,  Ga.,  77  N. 
Milledgeville,  601  W. 

Collie's  Mill,  p-o.,  Caldwell  co.,  Ky.,  247 
w.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  779  W. 

Collins,  p-t.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y.,  312  w.  Albany, 
364  W.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and 
the  soil  various.  Drained  by  Cattaraugus  cr., 
which  runs  on  its  s.  border,  and  by  branches  of 
that  creek.  It  has  1  furnace  ;  9  stores,  cap. 
$14,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  wodllen  factory,  2  tan- 
neries, 2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$13,200;  21  sch.  898  scholars.  ^Pop.  4,257. 

Collins  Centre,  p-o 
N.  Y. 

Collins  Settlement,  p-o., 
296  w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  264  W. 

Collins  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Caroline  co.,  Md., 
capital  of  1 73  e.  Annapolis,  113  W. 

Collins  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Colleton  dist 
C,  119  s.  by  e.  Columbia,  608  W 


Collins   t.,  Erie   co., 
Lewis  co.,  Va., 


S. 


court  house,  and  several  stores  and  dwellings.      |     Colunsville,  p-v.,  Canton  t.,  Hartford  co., 


COL 


141 


COL 


Ct,  15  w.  by  n.  Hartford,  338  W.     It  ii  situated 

on  both  sides  of  Farmington  r.,  and  is  a  nourish- 
ing manufacturing  v.,  employed  chiefly  on  edge 
tools,  particularly  axes,  of  which  several  hun- 
dred thousand  are  produced  annually.  Collins's 
axes  are  extensively  known.  The  village  has  1 
church,  a  lyceum,  and  about  1,()00  inhabitants. 

Collinsville,  p-v.,  West  Turin  t.,  Lewis  co., 
N.  Y.,  1"23  n.  w.  Albany,  421  W.  It  contains  1 
church,  an  academy,  3  stores,  20  dwellings,  and 
13i)  inhabitants. 

Collinsville,  p-v.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  122 
W.  by  N.  Harrisburg,  165  W. 

Collinsville,  p-v.,  Milford  t.,  Butler  co.,  O., 
105  s.  w.  Columbus,  498  W. 


Collinsville,  p-\ ..  Madison  <•<•.,  111.,  8$  s.  by 
w.  Springfield,  792  \V.  It  h.is  l  Presbyterian 
church,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  in  ,  and  various  mechan- 
ics. 

Collinsville,  p-o.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa. 

Colon,  p-t.,  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich.,  135  w.  s.  w. 
Detroit,  583  W.     Pop.  120. 

Colosse,  p-v.,  Mexico  t.,  Oswego  co.,  N.  Y., 
149  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  371  W.  It  contains  1 
church,  2  stores,  and  25  dwellings. 

Colt's  Neck,  p-v.,  Shrewsbury  t..  Monmouth 
co.,  N.  J.,  40  e.  Trenton,  806  W.  It  contains  2 
stores,  3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.%  and  about  20  dwell- 
ings, and  is  a  place  of  considerable  business. 

Columbia,  r.    (See  Oregon  Ter.) 


COLUMBIA,  (DISTRICT  OF) 

The  District  of  Columbia  is  a  tract  of  country  10  miles  square,  on  both  sides  of  the  Potomac 
river,  about  120  miles  from  its  mouth,  ceded  to  the  United  States  by  Virginia  and  Maryland,  in 
1790,  for  the  purpose  of  becoming  the  sea  of  government.  It  includes  the  cities  of  Washington, 
Alexandria,  and  Georgetown,  and  is  under  the  immediate  government  of  Congress.  In  1800  the 
population  was  14,093;  in  1810,24,023;  in  1820,  33,039;  in  1830,39,858;  in  1840, 43,712,  of  which 
30,657  were  whites,  8,361  were  free  colored  persons,  and  4,694  were  slaves. 

Employed  in  agriculture  384,  in  commerce  240,  in  manufactures  and  trades  2,278,  navigating  the 
ocean  126,  do.  canals  and  rivers  80,  learned  professions  and  engineers  203. 


Population  of  the  Principal  Towns. 

1800.            1810.            1820. 

1830. 

1840. 

3,210           8,208          13,247 

18,827 

23,364 

4,196           7,227           8,218 

8,263 

8,459 

4,948           7,360 

8,441 

7,312 

Washington, 
Alexandria,    . 
Georgetown, 

The  surface  of  the  District  is  gently  undulating,  furnishing  fine  sites  for  its  cities,  and  particularly 
Washington  and  its  public  buildings  ;  the  soil  is  naturally  sterile,  but  it  possesses  a  fine,  healthy 
climate.  Agriculture  is,  of  course,  not  an  object  of  primary  attention,  but  the  agricultural  statistics 
in  1840,  may  be  of  some  interest.  There  were  2,145  horses  and  mules,  3,274  neat  cattle,  706  sheep, 
4,673  swine,  poultry  to  the  value  of  $3,092.  There  were  produced  12,147  bushels"  of  wheat,  294 
of  barley,  15,751  of  oats,  5,081  of  rye,  272  of  buckwheat,  39,485  of  Indian  corn,  707  pounds  of  wool, 
12,035  bushels  of  potatoes,  1,331  tons  of  hay,  55,550  pounds  of  tobacco,  651  of  silk  cocoons.  The 
products  of  the  dairy  were  valued  at  $5,566,  and  of  the  orchard  at  $3,507. 

Tins  district  has  become  the  centre  of  a  considerable  and  active  commerce,  though  it  cannot  at 
all  compete  with  Baltimore,  in  its  vicinity.  Vessels  of  the  largest  class  come  up  to  Alexandria,  6 
miles  below  Washington,  where  the  Potomac  is  a  mile  wide,  and  from  30  to  50  feet  deep  ;  and 
vessels  of  a  large  size  come  up  to  the  U.  S.  Navy  Yard,  at  the  junction  of  the  East  Branch  with  the 
Potomac,  at  Washington.  A  very  considerable  quantity  of  flour  and  other  produce  comes  down  the 
Potomac,  and  centres  chiefly  at  Alexandria,  and  some  at  Georgetown.  The  chief  business  of 
Washington  city  has  relation  to  the  accommodation  of  the  national  legislature,  and  of  the  officers 
of  the  general  government. 

The  exports  in  1840,  were  $753,923,  and  the  imports  were  119,852.  There  were  7  commercial 
and  2  commission  houses  in  for  trade,  employing  a  capital  of  $310,000  ;  285  retail  drygoods  and 
other  stores,  cap.  $2,701,890 ;  48  persons  engaged  in  the  lumber  trade,  with  a  capital  of  $140,000  ; 
527  persons  were  employed  in  the  fisheries,  with  a  capital  of  $64,500.  There  were  produced  home- 
made or  family  articles,  to  the  amount  of  $1,500  ;  1  paper  mill  produced  to  the  amount  of  $1,500  ; 
9  persons  manufactured  pottery  to  the  amount  of  $6,200 ;  hats  and  caps  were  manufactured  to  the 
amount  of  $47,200,  employing  48  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $22,100 ;  3  rope  factories  employed  31 
persons,  and  a  capital  of  $24,925  ;  9  tanneries  employing  72  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $80,400  ;  7 
other  manufactories  of  leather,  as  saddleries,  &c,  manufactured  articles  to  the  amount  of  $110,450, 
with  a  capital  of  $66,750;  11  persons  manufactured  confectionery  to  the  amount  of  $7,500,  with  a 
capital  of  $2,800  ;  42  persons  manufactured  machinery  to  the  amount  of  $60,300  ;  189  persons  pro- 
duced bricks  and  lime  to  the  amount  of  $151,500 ;  97  persons  manufactured  carriages  and  wagons 
to  the  amount  of  $59,535,  with  a  capital  of  $38,550 ;  4  flouring  mills  manufactured  25,500  barrels 
of  flour,  and  with  other  mills,  employed  30  persons,  and  produced  to  the  amount  of  $183,370,  with 
a  capital  of  $98,500 ;  ships  were  built  to  the  amount  of  $20,257  ;  190  persons  manufactured  furni- 
ture to  the  amount  of  $125,872,  employing  a  capital  of  $85,000 ;  60  brick  and  33  wooden  houses 
built,  employed  142  persons,  and  cost  $168,910;  12  printing  offices,  10  binderies,  3  daily,  5  weekly, 


COL 


142 


COL 


6  semi-weekly  newspapers,  and  3  periodicals,  employed  276  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $150,700. 
The  whole  amount  of  manufactures  was  $1,005,775. 

Georgetown  College,  a  Catholic  institution,  was  founded  in  1799.  The  Columbian  College,  under 
the  direction  of  the  Baptists,  was  founded  in  1821.  In  these  institutions  there  were  in  1840,  224 
students ;  there  were  in  the  district  26  academies  and  grammar  schools,  with  1,389  students,  29 
common  and  primary  schools,  with  851  scholars  ;  and  1,033  white  persons,  over  20  years  of  age,  who 
could  neither  read  or  write. 

In  1836,  the  Presbyterians  had  14  churches,  9  ministers,  and  1,134  communicants;  the  Episco- 
palians had  7  churches ;  the  Baptists  had  5  churches,  4  ministers,  and  533  communicants ;  the 
3Iethodists  had  several  ministers  ;  the  Roman  Catholics  6  ministers ;  the  Friends  2  meetings  ;  and 
the  Unitarians  1  minister.     At  the  close  of  1840,  the  debt  of  the  district  amounted  to  $1,500,000. 

A  branch  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  canal  terminates  at  Washington.  The  Alexandria  canal 
is  a  continuation  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  canal,  7£  ms.  to  Alexandria. 

The  district  is  divided  into  two  counties  ;  the  county  of  Washington  is  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Po- 
tomac, and  the  county  of  Alexandria  is  on  the  s.  side.  In  the  former,  the  laws  of  Maryland  are 
continued  in  force  ;  in  the  latter,  those  of  Virginia.  The  district  has  never  been  represented  in 
the  Congress  of  the  United  States.  Congress,  however,  makes  what  laws  it  pleases  for  both  ;  it 
meets  annually  at  Washington,  on  the  first  Monday  of  December,  unless  otherwise  provided  by 
law.  The  President  of  the  United  States,  and  the  other  chief  officers  of  the  government,  reside  at 
Washington.  The  Supreme  Court  of  the  Uuited  States  sits  here  annually,  on  the  second  Monday 
in  January. 

At  the  suggestion  of  Gen.  Washington,  this  district  was  fixed  on  for  the  seat  of  government ; 
and  in  1790  was  ceded  for  that  purpose  to  the  United  States,  by  Virginia  and  Maryland.  The  city 
of  Washington  was  laid  out  on  a  broad  scale  in  1791,  but  its  magnificent  plan  remains  to  a  consid- 
erable extent  in  a  state  of  nature,  only  a  small  portion  of  it  having  been  built  upon.  In  1800,  the 
seat  of  government  was  removed  from  Philadelphia,  and  fixed  permanently  in  this  place.  During 
the  late  war  with  Great  Britain,  the  capitol  was  partially,  and  most  of  the  other  public  buildings 
entirely  burned  by  the  British ;  but  they  have  been  rebuilt,  with  greater  magnificence. 


Columbia,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  in  the  K. 
part  of  the  state,  bounded  w.  by  Hudson  r.,  and 
contains  624  sq.  ms.  Organized  in  1786.  The 
surface  is  uneven  and  hilly,  in  its  e.  part,  but  less 
so  toward  Hudson  r.  The  soil  is  various,  and 
some  of  it  very  rich,  and  highly  cultivated.  Iron 
ore  is  found,  and  a  lead  mine  in  the  town  of  An- 
cram.  Marble  exists  also,  and  oxide  of  manga- 
nese, peat,  and  marl.  There  are  also  many  min- 
eral springs.  Those  of  New  Lebanon  are  warm 
and  much  frequented.  Watered  by  Kinderhook 
cr.  in  the  n.,  Claverack  and  Copake  crs.  in  the 
centre,  and  Ancram  or  Roeliff  Jansen's  cr.  on  the 
s.,  which  afford  good  water  power.  The  Hudson 
and  Berkshire  railroad  passes  through  the  county. 
Capital,  Hudson.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 32,699,  sheep  123,063,  swine  54,911;  wheat 
28,249  bush,  produced,  rye  323,299,  Indian  corn 
412,032,  barley  1,971,  oats  1,107,702,  potatoes 
560,819 ;  1  commercial  house  in  for.  trade,  cap. 
$14,000 ;  228  stores,  cap.  $679,200 ;  7  lumber  yards, 
cap.  $36,000 ;  cap.  invested  in  fisheries,  $330,000 ; 
5  furnaces,2  forges,  28  fulling  m.,  19  woollen  fac, 
11  cotton  fac.  18,256  sp.,  10  tanneries,  2  distille- 
ries, 1  brewery,  12  flouring  m.,  39  grist  m.,  41  saw 
m.,  4  paper  fac,  4  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  2 
periodicals,  2  weekly  newspapers.    Cap.  in  man- 

VJ^M57'050'  U  acad-  9°9  students,  172  sch. 
10,074  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  38,325 ;  1840, 43,252. 
Columbia,  county,  Pa.  Situated  centrally  in 
the  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  700  sq.  ms. 
rhe  e.  branch  of  Susquehanna  r.  passes  through 
it,  and  Fishing,  Catawissa,  Big  Roaring  and  other 
creeks.  The  surface  is  broken  and  uneven,  but 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Capital,  Danville.  There  were 
m  1840,  neat  cattle  13,525,  sheep  22,184,  swine 
19,474;  wheat  214,426  bushels  produced,  rye 
153,246,  Ind.  corn  205,400,  buckwheat  50,584, 
oats  223,373,  potatoes  163,480,  silk  cocoons  160 
pounds;  55  stores,  cap.  $335,100;  2  furnaces,  7 
fulling  m.,  3  woollen  lac,  23  tanneries,  12  distil- 
leries, 2  potteries  8  flouring  m.,  40  grist  m.,  74 


saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  paper  fac,  4  printing  offices, 
3  weekly  newspapers.  Capital  in  manufactures, 
$266,487.  5  acad.  146  students,  87  sch.  2,902 
scholars.     Pop.  1830,  20,049  ;  1840,  24,267. 

Columbia,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  600  sq.  ms.  Savannah 
r.  bounds  it  on  the  n.  e.  The  surface  is  undula- 
ting, and  the  soil  is  fertile.  Capital,  Applington. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  12,533,  sheep 
6,343,  swine  24,395  ;  wheat  20,258  bush,  produced, 
rye  874,  Ind.  corn  403,796,  oats  31,144,  potatoes 
16,511,  cotton  3,738,537  pounds ;  value  of  gold  pro- 
duced  $4,000 ;  22  stores,  cap.  $59,900 ;  2  tanne- 
ries, 6  flouring  m.,  27  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $65,090.  6  acad.  240  students,  7  sen. 
165  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  12,606;  1840,  whites 
3,920,  slaves  7,313,  free  col'd  123;  total,  11,356. 

Columbia,  county,  Flor.  Situated  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  and  is  bounded  w.  by  Suwanne  r. 
and  n.  by  the  state  of  Ga.,  and  contains  4,320  sq. 
ms.  The  soil  is  generally  barren,  covered  with 
pines.  There  is  some  good  land  in  the  n.  e.  part. 
St.  Mary's  river  rises  and  flows  in  its  n.  e.  part. 
Randolph  lake,  toward  its  n.  part,  is  7  ms.  long 
and  5  wide,  and  discharges  its  waters  into  St. 
Mary's  r.  Gadsden's  spring,  on  the  bank  of  Lit- 
tle Suwanne  r.,  is  60  feet  across,  and  35  or  40 
deep,  and  is  celebrated  for  its  medicinal  proper- 
ties. Capital,  Lancaster.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  12,707,  sheep  81,  swine  7,199 ;  Ind.  corn 
35,975  bush,  prod.,  potatoes  9,880,  cotton  26,692 
pounds,  sugar  2,000 ;  3  sch.  61  scholars.  Pop 
whites  1,649,  slaves  450,  free  col'd  3  ;  total,  2,102. 

Columbia,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  15  w. 
Machias,  120  E.  by  N.  Augusta.  It  has  good  mill 
seats,  and  considerable  trade  in  lumber.  It  con- 
tains 5  stores,  cap.  $3,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanne- 
ries, 2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,200. 
5  sch.  380  scholars.     Pop.  843. 

Columbia,  p-t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H.,  126  n.  Concord, 
587  W.  It  has  Connecticut  r.  on  its  w.  border, 
and  several  small  mill  streams  which  flow  into  it. 


COL 


143 


COL 


The  surface  is  uneven  and  mountainous.  It  has 
2  stores,  cap.  $1,800  ;  9  sen.  189  scholars.  Pop. 
620. 

Columbia,  p-t.,  Tolland  co.,  Ct.,  24  e.  by  s. 
Hartford,  355  W.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and 
the  soil  gravelly,  well  adapted  to  grazing.  I  )rain- 
ed  by  a  branch  of  Willimantie  r.,  which  affords 
water  power.  Organized  in  1800,  previous  to 
which,  it  belonged  to  Lebanon.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $4,220 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  cotton  fac.  288  sp.,  2 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,300.  7 
sch.  283  sholars.     Pop.  842. 

Columbia,  p-t.,  Herkimer  co.,  N.  Y.,  75  w.  by 
N.  Albany,  379  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil, 
calcareous  and  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  branch- 
es of  Unadilla  and  Susquehanna  rivers,  and  by 
other  streams  which  flow  N.  into  the  Mohawk. 
It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $4,650 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  wool- 
len fac,  4  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $25,745.  13  sch.  420  scholars.  Pop. 
2,129. 

Columbia,  p-b.,  West  Hempfield  t.,  Lancaster 
co.,  Pa.,  30  s.  E.  Harrisburg,  102  W.  Situated  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  r.,  over  which 
there  is  here  a  bridge  5,690  feet  long,  resting  on 
stone  piers.  Incorporated  in  1814.  The  Sus- 
quehanna canal  connects  it  with  Havre  De  Grace, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Susquehanna ;  and  the  Co- 
lumbia and  Philadelphia  railroad  passes  through 
the  place.  It  has  a  town  hall,  a  market-house,  8 
churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Luther- 
an, 1  Methodist,  1  Friends,  1  Roman  Catholic, 
and  2  African — a  bank,  a  library,  an  academy, 
and  a  weekly  newspaper.  The  place  is  supplied 
with  water  in  pipes,  from  some  springs  in  the  vi- 
cinity. Its  trade  with  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore, 
in  lumber,  coal,  iron,  and  produce,  is  considerable. 
Pop.  2,719. 

Columbia,  p-v.,  Warren  co.,  N.  J.,  71  n.  by  w. 
Trenton,  219  W. 

Columbia,  t,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $4,700 ;  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  1  grist  m.,  7 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,210.  13  sch.  325 
scholars.     Pop.  1,421. 

Columbia,  p-t.,  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  74  w.  De- 
troit, 534  W.  It  has  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $12,000.     Pop.  952. 

Columbia,  p-v.,  Fluvanna  co.,  Va.,  50  w.  n.  w. 
Richmond,  124  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  bank  of 
James  r.,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Rivanna  r.  It  has 
1  church,  several  stores,  various  mechanics,  and 
about  200  inhabitants,  one  half  of  whom  are  col'd 
persons. 

Columbia,  p-v.,  capital  of  Tyrrell  co.,  N.  C, 
200  e.  Raleigh,  324  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  E. 
side  of  Scoupernony  cr.,  a  little  e.  of  its  entrance 
into  Albemarle  sound.  It  contains  a  court  house 
and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Columbia,  p-v.,  capital  of  Richland  dist.,  S. 
C,  and  of  the  state,  is  situated  in  33°  57'  n.  lat., 
and  81°  7'  w.  Ion.,  and  4°  w.  Ion.  from  W.,  35  s. 
w.  Camden,  73  n.  e.  Augusta,  120  n.  n.  w. 
Charleston,  506  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  E.  side 
of  Congaree  r.,  immediately  below  the  junction  of 
broad  and  Saluda  rs.  to  form  the  Congaree.  The 
land  rises  gradually  from  the  r.,  where  is  a  plain 
of  2  or  3  miles  in  extent,  from  which  the  ground 
slopes  gradually  on  every  side.  On  this  plain 
the  town  is  situated,  and  the  situation  is  com- 
manding, having  an  extensive  prospect.  It  was 
founded  in  1787,  and  is  regularly  laid  out,  with 
streets  crossing  each  other  at  right  angles,  and 
100  feet  wide.  It.  has  a  state  house,  170  feet  by 
60,  2  stories  high,  situated  in  the  central  part  of 
the  town,  a  court  house,  jail,  market  house,  2 
banks,  3  academies,  6  churches,  1  Baptist,  1 
Episcopal,  1  Methodist,  1  Presbyterian,  1  Ro- 


iiiitu  L'ailiulic,  l  linuinun.  The  village  is  r- up- 
plied  with  pure  water  from  springs,  raised  by 
steam  power,  and  distributed  in  iron  pipes. 
The  houses,  mostly  of  wood,  but  a  considera- 
ble number  of  brick,  are  built  with  elegance  and 
taste.  Large  boats  navigate  the  river  at  high 
floods.  It  is  connected  by  a  railroad  with  Charles- 
ton. Columbia  is  the  seat  of  the  South  Caro 
Una  College,  a  respectable  institution,  founded 
in  1804,  which  has  a  president  and  8  profesi- 
ors  or  other  instructors,  168  students,  and  13,000 
vols,  in  its  libraries.  The  commencement  is  on  the 
first  Monday  in  December.  The  buildings  of  the 
institution  are  7  in  number,  of  brick,  and  regular- 
ly arranged,  presenting  an  imposing  aspect.  Be- 
sides rooms  for  the  students,  and  other  college 
purposes,  they  include  houses  for  the  president 
and  a  number  of  professors.  The  buildings  con- 
taming  rooms  for  students  are  2,  each  210  feet 
long,  25  feet  wide,  and  3  stories  high,  standing 
opposite  to  each  other,  with  the  president's  house 
at  the  head  of  the  open  space  between  them. 
Their  narrowness  allows  of  a  very  complete  ven- 
tilation. On  the  top  of  another  building,  which 
contains  the  library  and  philosophical  apparatus, 
is  an  observatory.  This  institution  receives 
$15,000  annually  from  the  state,  besides  $200,000 
which  has  been  expended  upon  it.  Pop.  3,500. 

Columbia,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  Ala.,  239  s.  w. 
Tuscaloosa,  847  W. 

Columbia,  p-v.,  capital  of  Marion  co.,  Miss., 
113  s.  s.  e.  Jackson,  1,063  W.  Situated  on  the  e. 
bank  of  Pearl  r.  It  contains  a  court  house  and 
a  few  dwellings. 

Columbia,  p-v.,  capital  of  Chicot  co.,  Ark., 
142  s.  e.  Little  Rock,  1,152  W.  Situated  on  the 
w.  side  of  the  Mississippi  r.  It  has  a  court  house 
and  a  few  dwellings. 

Columbia,  p-v.,  capital  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn., 
42  s.  s.  w.  Nashville,  719  W.  Situated  on  the 
s.  bank  of  Duck  river.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  2  churches,  several  stores,  and  1,200 
inhabitants.  It  is  the  seat  of  Jackson  College, 
which  was  founded  in  1830.  It  has  at  present  5 
professors,  or  other  instructors,  100  students,  and 
one  thousand  two  hundred  and  fifty  volumes  in 
its  libraries. 

Columbia,  v.,  capital  of  Whitley  co.,  la.,  situ- 
ated on  the  n.  w.  side  of  Blue  r. 

Columbia,  p-v.,  capital  of  Adair  co.,  Ky.,  98 
s.  by  w.  Frankfort,  612  W.  Situated  on  Russell's 
cr.,  a  branch  of  Green  r.,  and  contains  a  court- 
house, jail,  2  churches,  1  college,  61  students,  1 
sch.  12  scholars.    Pop.  486. 

Columbia,  p-v.,  Fayette  co.,  la.,  55  e.  Indian- 
apolis, 529  W. 

Columbia,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  111.,  107  w.  by  s. 
Springfield,  820  W. 

Columbia,  p-t.,  capital  of  Boone  co.,  Mo.,  36 
n.  Jefferson  city,  941  W.  Situated  on  Roche 
Pierre  r.,  a  branch  of  the  Missouri  r.    Pop.  3,365. 

Columbia,  p-v.,  capital  of  Caldwell  par.,  La., 
273  n.  w.  New  Orleans,  1,187  W.  Situated  on 
the  w.  side  of  Washita  r.  It  has  a  court  house, 
1  or  2  stores,  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Columbia,  t.,  Hamilton  co.,  O.,  6  e.  Cincin- 
nati. It  was  the  second  place  settled  in  Ohio. 
Founded  in  1789.  It  has  Little  Miami  r.  on  the 
s.  E.,  and  Ohio  r.  on  the  s.  w.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
It  has  7  sch.  256  scholars.     Pop.  3,043. 

Columbia,  t.,  Lorain  co.,  O.,  situated  in  the 
extreme  E.  part  of  the  co.,  lying  on  both  sides  of 
Rocky  r.,  12  s.  e.  Elyria,  20  s.  w.  Cleveland.  It 
has  1  store,  cap.  $1,000;  1  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  4 
sch.  114  scholars.    Pop.  876. 

Columbia,  t.,  Gibson  co.,  O.  It  has  2  schools, 
40  scholars.     Pop.  852. 


COL 


144 


COL 


Columbia,  t.,  Meigs  co.,  O.,  in  the  N.  w.  cor- (Albany,  353  W.    The  surface  is  hilly  and  some 
neVof  the  county.     Drained  by  the  head  waters  |  broken,  and  the  soil  clay  and  sandy  loam.^Wa- 


of  LeadTnecreek,  which  flows  into  the  Ohio.  It 
has  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
fthfiOO;  7  sch.  161  scholars.     Pop.  672. 

Columbia,  t,  Randolph  co.,  Ark.  It  has  I 
schools,  40  scholars.     Pop.  630. 

Columbia  Furnace,  p-v.,  Shenandoah  co., 
Va.,  157  n.  w.  Richmond,  111  W. 

Columbia  Lake,  p-o.,  Bridgewater  t.,  Wash- 
tenaw county,  Michigan,  50  w.  by  s.  Detroit, 
526  W.  -  D     .r     . 

Columbia  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Bradford  co., 
Pa.,  153  N.  by  E.  Harrisburg,  260  W. 

Columbia,  b.,  West  Herapfield  t.,  Lancaster 
co.,  Pa.    Pop.  2,716. 

Columbia,  p-o.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.,  110  e.  n. 
e.  Columbus,  641  W. 

Columbia,  river  of  the  United  States,  flows 
into  the  Pacific  ocean.    (See  Oregon  Ter.) 

Columbiana,   county,  O.,  situated  in  the  e. 

Sirt  of  the  state,  bounded  on  the  s.  E.  by  the 
hio  r.,  and  contains  750  sq.  ms.  In  the  s.  part 
it  is  broken  and  hilly,  with  a  light  soil.  The 
northern  and  middle  parts  are  more  level,  and 
are  extremely  productive.  Common  and  water 
limestone  are  found  in  all  parts;  salt  water  is 
found  in  the  s.  part,  and  marl  in  the  N.,  and  iron 
ore  in  the  middle.  The  climate  is  healthy,  and 
the  water  pure.  Watered  by  Little  Beaver  r.  and 
its  branches.  The  line  of  the  Sandy  and  Beaver 
canal  extends  through  the  centre  of  the  county. 
Capital,  New  Lisbon.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  24,810,  sheep  88,747,  swine  26,650 ;  wheat 
445,834  bushels  produced,  rye  30,737,  Ind.  com 
336,857,  buckwheat  32,058,  barley  3,984,  oats 
463,430,  potatoes  132,611,  sugar  25,211  pounds; 
bituminous  coal  163,000  bushels,  salt  5,400;  5 
commission  houses  in  for.  trade,  cap.  $39,000 ; 
114  stores,  cap.  $406,150;  1  lumber  yard,  cap. 
$1,000  ;  3  furnaces,  10  fulling  m.,  8  woollen  fac. 
29  tanneries,  8  distilleries,  2  breweries,  5  pot- 
teries, 45  flouring  m.,  28  grist  m.,  72  saw  m.,  2  oil 
m.,  1  paper  fac,  3  printing  offices,  3  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $346,737.  1  acad. 
140  students,  114  sch.  2,421  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 
35,508;  1840,40,378. 

Columbiana,  p-v.,  capital  of  Shelby  county, 
Ala.,  73  e.  Tuscaloosa,  781  W.  Situated  7  ms. 
w.  of  Coosa  r.  It  has  a  court  house  and  a  few 
dwellings. 

Columbian  Grove,  p-o.,  Lunenburg  co.,  Va., 
101  Richmond,  218  W. 

Columbian  Inn,  p-o.,  Stokes  co.,  N.  C,  117 
Raleigh,  323  W. 

Columbiana,  in  Fairfield  t.,  Columbiana  co., 
O.  It  has  1  sch.  40  scholars.     Pop.  273. 

Columbiaville,  p-o.,  Martin  co.,  la.,  110  s.  s. 
w.  Indianapolis,  641  W. 

Columbiaville,  v.,  Stockport  t.,  Columbia 
co.,  N.  Y.,  situated  half  a  mile  e.  of  Hudson  r.,  at 
the  junction  of  Claverack  and  Kinderhook creeks. 
Incorporated  in  1812.  It  contains  2  stores,  2  cot- 
ton fac.  with  500  sp.,  60  dwellings,  and  about 
600  inhabitants. 

Columbus,  co.,  N.  C,  situated  in  the  s.  part  of 
the  state,  and  contains  525  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is 
level,  and  some  of  it  marshy.  Capital,  Whites- 
ville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,554, 
sheep  5,600,  swine  17,406 ;  wheat  1,366  bushels 
produced,  Ind.  corn  79,155,  potatoes  49,282,  rice 
38,627  pounds,  cotton  24,035;  5  stores,  cap. 
$10,000;  31  tanneries,  14  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,496.  1  sch.  15  scholars. 
Pop.  1830,  4,141;  1840,  whites  2,799,  slaves 
1,086,  free  col'd  56 ;  total,  3,941. 
Columbus,  p-t.,  Chenango  co.,  N.  Y.t  98  w. 


tered  by  Unadilla  r.  and  its  tributaries.  The  v. 
has  1  church,  2  stores,  1  tannery,  and  20  dwell- 
ngs.  There  are  in  the  t.,  2  stores,  cap.  $24,500 ; 
7  sawm.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,031.  15  sch.  497 
scholars.    Pop.  1,561. 

Columbus,  p-v.,  Mansfield  t.,  Burlington  co., 
N.  J  ,  12  s.  by  e.  Trenton,  163  W.  It  has  1  store 
and  about  30  dwellings,  surrounded  by  a  fertile 
country. 

Columbus,  .p-o.,  Warren  co.,  Pa. 

Columbus,  city,  and  capital  of  Franklin  co., 
O.,  and  of  the  state,  139  s.  W.Cleveland,  110  n.  e. 
Cincinnati,  175  s.  Detroit,  Mich.,  184  s.  w.  Pitts- 
burg, Pa.,  393  W.  It  is  in  39°  47'  n.  lat.,  and  83°  3' 
w.  Ion.,  and  6°  w.  Ion.  from  W.  It  is  situated  on  the 
E.  bank  of  Scioto  r.,  immediately  below  the  con- 
fluence of  Whetstone  r.  When  this  place  was 
fixed  on  as  the  seat  of  the  legislature,  in  1812,  it 
was  an  entire  wilderness.  The  land  rises  gradu- 
ally from  the  river,  and  the  streets  cross  each 
other  at  right  angles.  Broad-street  extends  from 
the  bridge  along  the  national  road,  a  little  s.  of  E. 
on  the  n.  side  of  the  public  square  of  10  acres,  to 
the  E.  limit  of  the  city,  and  is  120  feet  wide.  High- 
street,  100  feet  wide,  crosses  Broad-street  at  the 


N.  w.  corner  of  the  public  square,  at  right  angles, 
and  passes  through  the  city  in  that  direction. 
This  is  the  principal  business  street  of  the  city, 
and  is  gravelled,  and  the  side-walks  are  paved. 
All  the  other  streets  are  88  feet  wide,  and  the  al- 
leys 33  feet  wide.  A  convenient  wharf,  1,300 
feet  long,  has  been  erected  along  the  margin  of 
the  r.  The  public  buildings  are,  a  state  house  on 
the  s.  w.  corner  of  the  public  square,  a  brick  edi- 
fice, 75  by  50  feet,  of  two  lofty  stories,  with 
a  steeple  106  feet  high.  From  the  balcony,  a 
beautiful  view  of  the  city,  and  of  the  surround- 
ing country,  is  presented.  Immediately  n.  of 
the  state  house  is  a  building  for  the  public  of- 
ficers of  the  state,  150  by  25  feet.  Still  further 
n.,  in  a  line  with  the  others,  is  the  federal  court 
house.  There  are  5  churches— 1  Presbyterian, 
1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  1  Episcopal,  and  1  Ger- 
man Lutheran.  Several  of  these  churches  are 
elegant  buildings.  The  state  penitentiary  is  a 
spacious  and  elegant  edifice,  on  the  bank  of  the 
Scioto,  half  a  mile  n.  of  the  centre  of  the  city. 
The  asylum  for  the  deaf  and  dumb  is  a  brick  edi- 
fice, 50  by  80  feet,  3  stories  high,  half  a  mile  e. 
of  the  state  house,  with  handsome  Doric  porti- 
coes. There  is  a  lunatic  asylum,  an  institution 
for  the  blind,  a  German  Lutheran  theological 
seminary,  a  fine  banking  house  of  stone,  with  a 
Doric  portico  of  stone.  The  private  houses  are 
neat  and  substantial,  and  some  of  them  elegant. 
The  national  road  passes  through  the  place,  and 
a  canal  of  11  miles  in  length  connects  it  with  the 
Ohio  canal.  A  bridge  across  the  Scioto  connects 
the  place  with  Franklinton.  There  were  in  1840, 
in  Columbus,  and  Montgomery  t,  in  which  it  is 
situated,  3  commission  and  4  commercial  houses 
in  foreign  trade,  cap.  $63,000;  58  retail  stores, 
cap.  $319,750 ;  3  lumber  yards,  cap.  $12,000 ;  5 
tanneries,  2  distilleries,  3  breweries,  1  pottery, 
4  printing  offices,  3  binderies,  1  daily,  3  weekly, 
1  semi-weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$257,850.     Pop.  6,048. 

Columbus,  p-t.,  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  37  n.  e. 
Detroit,  561  W.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $3,200;  1 
tannery,  1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,800.  2 
sch.  43  scholars.    Pop.  155. 

Columbus,  city,  p-v.,  capital  of  Muscogee  co., 
Ga.,  124  w.  s.  w.  Milledgeville,  757  W.  Situ- 
ated on  the  e.  bank  of  Chattahoochee  r.,  at  the 
head  of  steamboat  navigation,  immediately  below 


COM 


145 


CON 


the  falls  on  the r.,  which  descends  111  foot  in  the 
distance  of  4  miles  above.  It  is  300  miles  above 
its  junction  with  Flint  r.,  and  430  above  the  Ap- 
palachicola  bay.  The  river,  just  below  the  fulls. 
is  only  351  feet  wide,  but  soon  widens  to  250 
yards.  The  town  is  elevated  60  feet  above  the 
ordinary  height  of  the  r.,  and  covers  1,200  acres. 
Two  streets  running  parallel  with  the  r.,  exactly 
N.  and  s.,  are  165  feet  wide  ;  six  others  are  132  ft. 
wide.  These  are  intersected  by  12  other  streets, 
at  right  angles,  which  are  99  feet  wide.  It  con- 
tains a  splendid  court  house,  a  jail,  a  market 
house,  5  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal, 
1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Roman  Catholic — 
100  stores,  about  700  dwellings.  There  is  a  flour- 
ing mill  in  the  immediate  vicinity,  and  various 
mills  and  manufactories  on  the  r.  above.  From 
13  to  15  steamboats  navigate  the  r.,  and  steam- 
boats ply  to  New  Orleans.  A  steamboat  requir- 
ing 5  feet  of  water  can  come  to  the  place  at  any 
season.  A  bridge  here  crosses  the  Chattahoochee 
r.,  which  cost  $30,000.  It  was  laid  out  in  1828, 
and  its  growth  has  been  rapid,  and  it  is  still  in- 
creasing. Pop.  1842,  about  4,000.  There  were 
in  1840,  6  for.  commission  houses,  cap.  $80,000  ; 
106  ret.  stores,  cap.  $473,000 ;  3  printing  offices, 
3  weekly  newspapers,  and  1  periodical.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $39,800.  1  acad.  20  students,  5  schools, 
124  scholars.    Pop.  3,114. 

Columbus,  city  and  capital  of  Lowndes  co., 
Miss.,  141  N.  E.  Jackson,  885  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  bank  of  the  Tombigbee,  120  feet  above 
the  r.,  and  at  the  head  of  steamboat  navigation. 
It  contains  a  courthouse,  jail,  2  banks,  an  acade- 
my, a  female  seminary,  a  theatre,  a  U.  S.  land 
office,  a  market-house,  5  churches—  1  Presbyte- 
rian, 1  Cumberland  do.,  1  Baptist,  1  Episcopal, 
and  1  Methodist— 2  warehouses,  2  printing  offi- 
ces, 2  weekly  newspapers,  and  a  bridge  across 
the  Tombigbee,  which  cost  $50,000.     Pop.  4,000. 

Columbus,  p-v.,  Hempstead  co.,  Ark.,  119  s. 
w.  Little  Rock,  1,184  W. 

Columbus,  p-v.,  Polk  co.,  Tenn.,  170  e  s.  e. 
Nashville,  570  W.  Situated  on  n.  side  of  Hia- 
wassee  r. 

Columbus,  p-v.,  capital  of  Ballard  co.,  Ky.,  110 
s.  w.  by  w.  Frankfort,  837  W.  Situated  on  the 
e.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  r.,  25  miles  below  the 
mouth  of  the  Ohio  r. 

Columbus,  p-v.,  Adams  co.,  111.,  101  w.  Spring- 
field, 878  W.  V     h 

Columbus,  p-v.,  capital  of  Bartholomew  co., 
la.,  41  s.  s.  e.  Indianapolis,  579  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  the  East  Fork  of  White  r.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  4  churches — 1  Presbyterian, 

1  Methodist,  1  Christian,  and  1  Roman  Catholic— 
an  academy,  7  stores,  and  about  600  inhabitants. 
There  are  in  the  t.,  5  sch.  347  scholars.  Pop.  2,438. 

Columbus,  t.,  Warren  co.,  Pa.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $6,000  ;  1  furnace,  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries, 

2  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $33,127. 
9  sch.  261  scholars.    Pop.  1,169. 

Colvins,  p-o.,  Wachitta  par.,  La.,  358  N.  N.  w. 
New  Orleans,  1,228  W. 

Colvin's  Tavern,  p-o.,  Culpepper  co.,  Va., 
100  n.  n.  w.  Richmond,  86  W. 

Coman's  Well,  p-o.,  Sussex  co.,  Va.,  48  s.  s. 
E.  Richmond,  167  W.  It  was  some  time  since  a 
watering  place,  but  has  gone  to  decay.  It  has  a 
store  and  several  dwellings. 

Comfort,  p-o.,  Jones  co.,  N.  C,  119  s.  e.  Ra- 
leigh, 349  W. 

Comac,  p-v.,  Smithtown  t.,  Suffolk  co.,  N.  Y., 
187  s.  by  e.  Albany,  267  W.  It  contains  2  church- 
es, a  store,  and  about  20  dwellings. 

Commerce,  p-t.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  35  n.  w.  j 
Detroit,  559  W.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,375  ;  1 1 
19 


em 

bee 


flouring  in.,  1  grist  m..  !!  s:iu  in.,  6  sch.  158  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  939. 

Commerce,  p-v.,  WUton  co..  Tenn.,  48  k.  n. 
e.  Nashville,  649  W. 

Commerce,  p-v..  Tunica  county,  Miss.,  211  \. 
Jackson,  950  W.  Situated  on  the  K.  bank  of  the 
Mississippi  r.  Its  progress  has  been  very  rapid. 
It  has  a  number  of  stores  and  dwellings.  A  rail- 
road connects  it  with  Hernando, 

Commerce,  p-v.,  Scott  co.,  Mo.,  230  s.  e.  Jef- 
ferson city,  863  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  hank  of 
the  Mississippi  r.  It  has  several  stores  and  dwel- 
lings. 

Commettsburg,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Pa. 

Commons,  p-o.,  Newport  co.,  R.  I.,  31  s.  Provi- 
dence, 430  W. 

Como,  p-o.,  Whitesides  co.,  111.,  180  n.  Spring- 
field, 843  W. 

Comstock,  p-v.,  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  137  w. 
Detroit,  601  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  bank  of  Kal- 
amazoo r.  It  has  1  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  store. 
The  t.  has  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  7  sch.  216  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  624. 

Comstock's  Landing,  p-o.,  Fort  Ann  town, 
Washington  co.,  N.  Y.,  66  n.  Albany,  436  W. 

Concord,  p-t.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  54  n.  Au- 

sta,  648  W.     It  lies  on  the  w.  side  of  Kenne- 
ec  r.    Incorporated  in  1821.    The  soil  is  fertile. 
It  has  2  saw  m.,  9  sch.  234  scholars.     Pop.  577. 

Concord,  p-t.,  capital  of  Merrimac  co.,  and  of 
the  state  of  N.  H.,  lies  on  both  sides  of  the  Mer- 
rimac r.,  in  43°  12'  29"  n.  lat.,  71°  29'  w.  Ion.,  65 
N.  n.  w.  Boston,  Mass.,  146  s.  w.  Augusta,  Me., 
97  s.  e.  Montpelier,  Vt.,  153  n.  e.  Albany,  N.  Y., 
481  W.  There  are  here  2  bridges  across  the 
Merrimac.  The  v.,  containing  200  houses,  is  on 
the  w.  side  of  the  river,  and  extends  nearly  2  ms. 
between  the  bridges.  There  are  also  2  other 
small  villages  in  the  town.  Through  Concord  r., 
which  is  made  navigable  for  boats,  by  dams,  locks, 
and  canals,  and  the  Middlesex  canal,  and  a  rail- 
road recently  finished,  a  communication  is  form- 
ed with  Boston,  where  its  extensive  trade  centres. 
There  are  5  churches,  and  a  court  house,  jail,  &c. 
The  state  house  is  an  elegant  structure  of  hewn 
granite,  126  by  49  feet,  with  a  projection  in  the 
centre  of  4  feet  on  each  front;  it  cost  $80,000. 
The  state  prison  is  a  solid  structure  of  granite, 
70  by  36  feet,  surrounded  by  a  high  stone  wall. 
The  falls  in  the  Merrimac,  and  the  locks  at  this 
place,  create  a  vast  water  power.  There  were 
in  1840,  36  stores,  cap.  $149,900  ;  hardware  and 
cutlery  produced,  $40,810 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  wool- 
len fee.,  cap.  $12,000;  3  tanneries,  cap.  $5,000  ; 
2  potteries,  4  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.,  1  paper  fee;  10 
printing  offices,  5  binderies,  6  weekly  newspapers, 
1  periodical,  cap.  $48,950.  Capital  in  manufac. 
$197,000.  1  acad.  180  students,  28  sch.  1,180 
scholars.    Pop.  4,897. 

Concord,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  47  n.  e.  Montpe- 
lier, 556  W.  It  lies  on  the  w.  bank  of  Connecti- 
cut r.  A  branch  of  Pasumsic  r.  waters  it  in  the 
n.  w.,  and  2  beautiful  ponds  discharge  their  wa- 
ters into  Connecticut  r.  It  is  a  good  grazing  t. 
It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $2,500 ;  1  fulling  m,  8  saw 
m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $900.  Popula- 
tion 1,024. 

Concord,  p-t.,  semi-capital  of  Middlesex  co., 
Mass.,  17  n.  w.  Boston,  445  W.  Concord  r. 
passes  through  it.  The  soil  is  various,  but  gene- 
rally fertile.  The  v.  contains  a  courthouse,  jail, 
a  bank,  2  Congregational  churches,  and  about  80 
dwellings.  Here  on  the  19th  of  April,  1775, 
was  made  the  first  forcible  resistance  to  British 
aggression.  A  handsome  marble  monument  has 
lately  been  erected,  to  mark  the  spot  where  the 
first  enemy  fell  in  the  war  of  the  revolution. 


CON 


146 


CON 


It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $19,000  ;  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m., 
2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap. 
in  manufac  $1,550.  1  acad.  85  students,  lOsch. 
525  scholars.    Pop.  1,784. 

Concord,  t.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y.,  25  s.  Buffalo,  282 
w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  clay  loam. 
Watered  by  Cattaraugus  cr.  It  has  10  stores, 
cap.  $13,300 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  fur- 
nace, 2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $23,300.    21  sch.  1,104  scholars.    Pop. 

'  Concord,  p-v.,  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  46  s.  Dover, 
123  W.  Situated  on  the  head  of  Broad  cr.,  a 
branch  of  Nanticoke  r. 

Concord,  p-v.,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  72  w.  Har- 
risburg,  122  W.  Situated  at  the  head  of  Tusca- 
rora  cr. 

Concord,  t.,  Erie  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is  hilly ; 
soil,  gravelly  loam,  adapted  to  grazing.  Drained 
by  tributaries  of  French  and  Broken  Straw  crs. 
It  has  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  2 
saw  ra.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,250.  6  sch.  225 
scholars.    Pop.  652. 

Concord,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  20  w.  Phila- 
delphia. Watered  by  Painter's  cr.,  a  branch  of 
Chester  cr.,  which  affords  water  power.  It  con- 
tains 1  Episcopal  and  1  Friends'  church.  It  has 
1  store,  cap.  $800  ;  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$23,500.     3  sch.  105  scholars.    Pop.  1,057. 

Concord,  p-t.,  Lake  co.,  O.,  177  n.  e.  Colum- 
bus, 345  W.  It  has  3  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  2 
grist,  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $800.  12 
sch.  500  scholars.    Pop.  1,136. 

Concord,  p-v.,  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  102  w.  by  s. 
Richmond,  188  W. 

Concord,  p-v.,  capital,  Cabarrus  co.,  N.  C,  139 
w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  376  W.  Situated  on  w.  side 
of  Big  Coldwater  cr.,  a  branch  of  Rocky  r.  It 
has  3  churches — 1  Lutheran,  1  Methodist,  and  1 
Presbyterian — 1  academy,  a  court  house,  5  stores, 
1  cotton  fac,  cap.  $35,000 ;  50  dwellings,  and 
about  350  inhabitants. 

Concord,  p-v.,  Tippecanoe  co.,  la.,  63  n.  w. 
Indianapolis,  621  W. 

Concord,  p-v.,  Baker  county,  Ga.,  154  s.  s.  w. 
Milledgeville,  811  W. 

Concord,  p-v.,  Lewis  co.,  Ky.,  104  e.  n.  e. 
Frankfort,  483  W.  Situated  on  s.  bank  of  the 
Ohior. 

Concord,  p-t.,  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  84  w.  by  s. 
Detroit,  556  W.  The  v.  is  situated  on  Kalama- 
zoo r.,  and  has  2  stores  and  a  large  flouring  mill. 
The  situation  is  pleasant,  the  water  power  exten- 
sive, and  the  country  around  is  fertile  and  flour- 
ishing. It  has  1  store,  cap.  $10,000 ;  1  flouring 
1E&1  grist  m'  2  saw  m-  CaP-  ^  manufactures, 
$23,250.     1  sch.  43  scholars.     Pop.  814. 

Concord,  p-v.,  White  co.,  111.,  191  s.  e.  Spring- 
field, 759  W. 

•S0^0,™'  P"v'  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  78s. Nash- 
ville, 713  W. 

Concord,  p-v.,  Callaway  co.,  Mo.,  35  n.  e. 
Jefferson  city,  920  W. 

Concord,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1 
sch.  29  scholars.    Pop.  597. 

Concord,  t.,  Green  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  256. 

Concord,  t.,  Ross  co.,  O.  Paint  cr.  crosses 
the  middle  of  the  t.    Pop.  2,549. 

Concord,  t.,  Champaign  co.,  O.  It  has  2  saw 
ra.,  3  sch.  65  scholars.    Pop.  935. 

Concord,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,185. 

Concord,  t.,  La  Fayette  co.,  O.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $2,200 ;  7  sch.  140  scholars.    Pop.  1,014. 

Concord,  t.,  Highland  co.,  O.  It  has  4  sch 
161  scholars.    Pop.  1,014. 

Concord,  t.,  Miami  co.,  O.    The  Miami  canal 


forms  its  e.  boundary.  It  has  18  store??,  capital 
$107,000  ;  2  tanneries,  3  breweries,  3  printing  of- 
fices, 1  bindery,  2  weekly  newspapers,  1  periodi- 
cal, 3  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $38,350.  6  sch.  367  scholars.  Pop.  1,034. 
Concord  Academy,  p-o.,  Caroline  co.,  Va., 
56  n.  Richmond,  75  W. 

Concord  Centre,  p-o.,  Concord  t.,  Erie  co., 
N.  Y.,  393  w.  Albany,  359  W. 

Concordia,  lake,  La.  At  seasons  of  high  flood 
the  water  from  the  Mississippi  flows  into  it,  through 
a  small  bayou,  and  passes  off  into  Bayou  Tensas. 
It  was  evidently,  in  former  times,  the  bed  of  the 
Mississippi  river. 

Concordia,  p-v.,  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  199  s.  w. 
by  w.  Nashville,  888  W.  It  contains  about  75 
inhabitants. 

Concordia,  p-o.,  Harrison  t.,  Dark  co.,  O.,  105 
w.  by  n.  Columbus,  501  W. 

Concordia,  parish,  La.  Situated  in  the  E. 
part  of  the  state,  and  lies  between  the  Mississippi 
r.  e.,  Tensas  r.  w.,  and  Red  r.  s.  It  is  long  and 
narrow,  and  contains  1,300  sq.  ms.  The  surface 
1  e  vel ,  and  much  of  it  liable  to  submersion,  except 
narrow  strips  which  border  the  streams.  The  soil 
is  exceedingly  fertile,  covered,  in  its  natural  state, 
with  a  heavy  growth  of  timber.  The  chief  arti- 
cle of  production  is  cotton.  Capital,  Yidalia. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,683,  sheep 
1,534,  swine  11,613 ;  Ind.  com  301,781  bush,  prod., 
oats  4,032,  potatoes  21,486,  cotton  19,490,600 
pounds  ;  1  store,  cap.  $1,500  ;  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $31,000.  3  sch.  49  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 
4,662 ;  1840,  whites  1,380,  slaves  8,003,  free  col'd 
31 ;  total,  9,414. 

Concordville,  p-v.,  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  83  e. 
s.  E.  Harrisburg,  117  W. 

Conescheague,  cr.,  rises  in  Pennsylvania,  by 
2  branches  which  unite  3  ms.  n.  of  Maryland  line, 
and  it  passes  through  Maryland,  and  falls  into  the 
Potomac  at  Williamsport. 

Conecuh,  river,  rises  in  Alabama,  and  runs 
through  Florida,  into  Pensacola  bay.  Two  ms. 
below  the  Florida  line,  it  receives  the  Escambia, 
the  name  of  which  it  afterward  assumes,  though 
of  inferior  size.  It  is  navigable  for  upwards  of 
100  ms.,  but  the  country  is  poor. 

Conecuh,  county,  Ala.  Situated  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  1,531  sq.  ms.  Watered 
by  Conecuh  river  and  its  branches.  The  soil  is 
moderately  good,  and  the  chief  production,  cotton. 
Capital,  Sparta.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
22,269,  sheep  2,737,  swine  27,271 ;  wheat  1,847 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  237,025,  oats  6,132,  po- 
tatoes 30,050,  rice  2,845  pounds,  cotton  700,019; 
9  stores,  cap.  $23,000  j  20  grist  m.,  19  saw  mills. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $35,550.  2  acad.  146  students, 
9  schools,  151  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  7,444;  1840, 
whites  4,376,  slaves  3,817,  free  col'd  4 ;  total,  8,197. 
Conedogwinit,  creek,  Pa.,  after  a  course  of 
80  ms.,  falls  into  the  Susquehanna,  2  ms.  above 
Harrisburg. 

Conemaugh,  r.,  Pa.,  rises  in  the  Alleghany 
mts.,  and  runs  w.  N.  w.  into  the  Alleghany  r.,  29 
n.  n.  e.  Pittsburg.  In  the  lower  part  of  its  course, 
it  takes  the  name  of  Kiskeminetas.  It  has  salt 
works  on  both  its  banks,  15  n.  e.  Greensburg. 
The  Pennsylvania  canal  passes  along  its  border, 
from  Johnstown  until  it  enters  into  the  Alleghany. 
Its  length  is  about  150  ms. 

Conemaugh,  t.,  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  15  s.  w.  Eb- 
ensburg.  The  surface  is  hilly;  soil,  clay  and 
calcareous  loam.  Little  Conemaugh  r.  and  Stone 
cr.  unite  in  the  w.  part  of  the  t.,  at  Johnstown,  to 
form  Conemaugh  r.  It  has  2  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$1,000 ;  2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac. 


passes  through  it  from  s.  to  n.,  and  the  Miami  r.  $930.    9  sch  439  scholars.    Pop.  1,288. 


CON 


147 


CON 


Conemaugh,  t.,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.  The  surface 
is  hilly  ;  soil,  a  fertile  loam.  Drained  by  Black- 
legs cr.  Salt  is  found  on  the  banks  of  the  Cone- 
maugh r.,  which  runs  on  its  s.  and  s.  w.  border. 
It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $4,250  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  wool- 
len fac,  2  tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $7,320.  5  sch.  337  scholars.  Pop. 
1,441. 

Conewago,  t.,  York  co.,  Pa.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $2,900  ;  1  tannery,  3  distilleries,  3  grist  m.,  3 
saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,100.    Pop.  1,068. 

Conewago  Creek,  r.,  rises  in  Adams  co.,  Pa., 
and  falls  into  the  Susquehanna,  opposite  to  Bain- 
bridge,  after  a  course  of  40  ms. 

Conewago,  t.,  Adams  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $2,700 ;  2  distilleries,  1  pottery,  4  flouring 
m.,  5  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,150. 
1  sch.  30  scholars.     Pop.  899. 

Conewago  Creek,  Pa.,  runs  w.  s.  w.,  and  af- 
ter a  course  of  15  ms.,  enters  the  Susquehanna  r. 
5  ms.  below  Middletown. 

Conewango  Creek,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Chau- 
tauque  and  Cattaraugus  counties,  receives  the 
outlet  of  Chautauque  lake,  and  flows  s.  into  the 
Alleghany  r.  It  furnishes,  in  high  water,  a  good 
descending  navigation  for  boats  and  rafts. 

Conewango,  p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.  Y.,  316 
w.  by  s.  Albany,  338  W.  The  surface  is  eleva- 
ted and  rolling ;  soil,  fertile.  Drained  by  Cone- 
wango and  Little  Conewango  creeks.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $900 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap  in  manufac.  $2,800.  9  schools,  414  scholars. 
Pop.  1,317. 

Conewango,  t.,  Warren  co.,  Pa.  Alleghany 
r.  runs  on  its  s.  border.  The  surface  is  uneven  ; 
soil,  fertile,  particularly  on  the  r.  Watered  by 
Conewago  cr.,  at  the  mouth  of  which,  in  this  t., 
is  Warren  b.,  the  capital  of  the  co.  It  has  1  ful- 
ling m.,  1  tannery,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$10,500.    9  sch.  311  scholars.    Pop.  858. 

Conewingo,  p-v.,  Cecil  co.,  JVId.,  73  n.  e.  An- 
napolis, 83  W.  Situated  on  a  creek  of  the  same 
name,  near  its  entrance  into  the  Susquehanna. 

Conequenessing,  t.,  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  10  w.  But- 
ler. The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  loam,  clay,  and 
gravel.  Watered  by  Conequenessing,  Break  Neck, 
and  Yellow  crs.  It  contains  7  churches.  Set- 
tled chiefly  by  Germans  and  Irish,  and  their  de- 
scendants. It  has  10  stores,  cap.  $26,900 ;  2  ful- 
ling m.,  5  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  pottery,  9 
grist  m.,  11  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$67,145.    13  sch.  600  scholars.    Pop.  2,698. 

Conequenessing,  cr.,  Pa.,  enters  the  Mahon- 
ing r.  12  ms.  from  its  mouth. 

Conestoga  r.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  runs  s.  w. 
into  the  Susquehanna,  10  ms.  below  Columbia. 

Conestoga,  t.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  5  s.  Lan- 
caster. It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $21,700  ;  2  forges,  2 
tanneries,  1  distillery,  4  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  4 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $y,000.  8  sch.  280 
scholars.    Pop.  2,886. 

Conesus,  t.,  Livingston  county,  N.  Y.,  10  s.  e. 
Geneseo,  221  w.  by  s.  Albany.  The  surface  is 
hilly;  soil,  but  moderately  fertile.  It  lies  be- 
tween Conesus  and  Hemlock  lakes.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $7,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist 
m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000.  10  sch. 
387  scholars.    Pop.  1,654. 

Conesville,  t.,  Schoharie  co.,  N.  Y.,  20  s. 
Schoharie,  42  s.  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly ; 
soil,  sandy  loam.  Watered  by  Manor  Kill,  a 
branch  of  Schoharie  creek.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$3,000  ;  3  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $25,500.  12  sch.  507  scholars.  Pop. 
1,621. 

Congaree,  r.,  S.  C,  is  formed  by  the  union  of 
Broad  and  Saluda  rivers   at  Columbia,  and  after 


a  course  of  30  ms.,  unites  with  the  Wateree,  to 
form  Santee  r. 

Congress,  t.,  Richland  co.,  O.  Drained  by 
the  head  streams  of  the  e.  branch  of  Whetstone 
r.    Pop.  1,248. 

Congress,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  O.,  105  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 356  W.    It  lies  on  Killbuck  cr. 


2,006. 


Pop. 


Conhocton,  t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  18  n.  w. 
Bath,  225  w.  by  s.  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly ; 
the  soil,  a  moist  clay  loam.  Drained  by  Conhoc- 
ton cr.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $16,000  ;  1  fulling 
m.,  2  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$8,775.     Pop.  2,965. 

Conhocton,  r.,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Steuben  co., 
and  unites  with  Tioga  r.,  near  Painted  Post,  to 
form  Chemung  r.  It  affords  fine  mill  seats,  and 
is  navigable  from  Bath  in  high  water,  for  rafts 
and  arks.    It  is  55  ms.  long. 

Conki.in,  p-t.,  Broome  co.,  N.  Y.,  5  s.  E.  Bing- 
hamton,  145  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  304  W.  The  sur- 
face is  uneven,  with  a  deep  valley,  through  which 
the  Susquehanna  r.  flows.  It  has  1  store,  capital 
$2,000  ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $195.  13  schools,  124  scholars.  Pop. 
1,475. 

Conneaut,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  12  w.  Mead- 
ville.  The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  gravelly. 
Conneaut  lake  lies  near  it.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$4,000;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  3 
grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac.  $15,900. 
Pop.  1,534. 

Conneaut,  t.,  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  15  s.  Erie.  The 
surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  gravel  and  loam.  Con- 
neaut lake  lies  a  little  s.  e.  of  the  centre,  through 
which  Conneaut  cr.  flows.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$2,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  14  sen. 
524  scholars.    Pop.  1,796. 

Conneaut,  p-t.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.,  220  n.  e. 
Columbus,  341  W.  It  lies  in  the  n.  e.  corner  of 
the  state.  It  has  a  forge,  6  flouring  m.,  and  8 
saw  m.  The  v.  is  situated  at  the  entrance  of 
Conneaut  cr.  into  Lake  Erie,  on  which  it  has  a 
harbor.  It  has  3  churches,  24  stores,  and  exten- 
sive exports  of  lumber,  grain,  pork,  beef,  flour, 
butter,  cheese,  &c.  Considerable  shipping  is 
owned  at  this  place.  It  has  1  acad.,  13  sch.  805 
scholars.    Pop.  2,642. 

Conneautville,  p-v.,  Beaver  t.,  Crawford  co., 
Pa.,  251  n.  w.  by  w.  Harrisburg,  324  W.  It  con- 
tains 1  store,  a  mill,  and  several  dwellings. 

Connecticut,  r.,  the  largest  in  New  England, 
has  its  source  in  the  highlands  on  the  n.  border 
of  New  Hampshire,  and  its  w.  branch  forms 
the  boundary,  by  treaty,  between  the  U.  States 
and  Canada,  to  the  45°  of  N.  lat.  Its  general 
course  is  s.  by  w.,  and  dividing  New  Hampshire 
and  Vermont,  it  passes  through  the  western  part 
of  Massachusetts,  and  the  central  part  of  Con- 
necticut;  and  below  Middletown,  proceeding  in  a 
s.  s.  e.  direction,  it  enters  Long  Island  Sound,  be- 
tween Saybrook  and  Lyme.  Its  whole  length 
is  about  410  miles  ;  and  it  flows  through  a  fine 
country,  and  passes  many  flourishing  towns.  On 
its  borders  in  New  Hampshire,  are  Haverhill, 
Hanover,  Charlestown,  and  Walpole ;  in  Ver- 
mont, Newbury,  Windsor,  and  Brattleboro' ;  in 
Massachusetts,  Greenfield,  Hadley,  Northamp- 
ton, and  Springfield ;  and  in  Connecticut,  Hart- 
ford, Middletown,  and  Haddam.  It  is  navigable 
for  vessels  drawing  10  feet  of  water  to  Middle- 
town,  and  for  vessels  drawing  8  feet  of  water  to 
Hartford,  the  head  of  sloop  navigation.  Above 
this,  it  is  navigable  for  boats  carrying  10  or  12 
tons  in  descending,  and  two  thirds  as  much  in  as- 
cending, passing  a  number  of  falls  and  rapids  m 
canals  around  them,  and  towed  by  small  steam 


CON 


148 


CON 


towboats,  to  the  mouth  of  Wells  r.  in  Newbury, 
Vt  a  distance  of  250  ms.  above  Hartford.  Im- 
mediately above  this,  are  the  Fifteen  Mile  Falls. 
The  whole  descent  of  the  river  between  Han- 
over, N.  H.,  and  Enfield,  Ct.,  is  371  feet,  of  which 
218  have  been  overcome  by  locks;  at  South 
Hadley  50  feet,  Nutter's  Falls  71,  Bellows'  Falls 
48J,  Water  Quechee  12s,  and  White  r.  36  feet. 
At  Enfield  is  also  a  fall  of  5  or  6  feet,  around 
which  is  a  canal  5i  ms.  in  length.  The  principal 
tributaries  of  the  Connecticut  are,  in  New  Hamp- 
shire, the  Upper  and  Lower  Ammonoosuc,  Sugar, 
and  Ashuelot  rs. ;  in  Vermont,  Pasumsic,  Wells, 
White,  Quechee,  Black,  Williams,  and  West  rs. ; 
in  Massachusetts,  Miller's,  Deerfield,  Chickopee, 
and  Westfield  rs. ;  and  in  Connecticut,  Farmmg- 
ton  r.     There  are  numerous  bridges  over  the 


Connecticut,  the  lowest  of  which  is  at  Hartford, 
Ct.  In  some  places  the  banks  of  this  river  are 
rough  and  precipitous  ;  but  through  a  considera- 
ble part  of  its  course,  there  are  intervals  on  each 
side,  from  half  a  mile  to  5  miles  wide,  but  little 
raised  above  the  surface  of  the  river,  portions  of 
which  are  annually  overflowed,  and  thus  enrich- 
ed, and  which  have  great  fertility.  Besides  the 
steam  towboats,  there  are  steam  passage  boats, 
which  ply  between  Hartford  and  Springfield,  and 
several  steamboats  of  a  larger  size,  form  a  line 
from  Hartford  to  the  city  of  New  York,  stopping 
at  the  intermediate  places  on  the  r.  This  r.  is 
distinguished  for  its  shad  fisheries,  and  the  fish 
which  are  caught  are  considered  of  a  superior 
quality.  Some  other  fish  are  taken,  but  salmon, 
formerly  common,  no  longer  frequent  the  river. 


CONNECTICUT. 


Connecticut,  the  southernmost  of  the  Eastern  United  States,  is  bounded  n.  by  Massachusetts, 
E.  by  Rhode  Island,  s.  by  Long  Island  Sound,  and  w.  by  New  York.  It  is  between  41°  and  42° 
2'  n.  lat.,  and  71°  20'  and  73°  15'  w.  Ion.,  and  between  3°  16'  and  5°  11'  e.  Ion.  from  W.  It  contains 
4,674  sq.  ms.,  or  2,991,360  acres. 

The  population  in  1790  was  237,946 ;  in  1800,  251,002 ;  in  1810, 261,942 ;  in  1820, 275,248 ;  in  1830, 
297,711 ;  in  1840,  300,015.  Of  these  148,300  were  white  males,  153,556  do.  females,  3,881  free  col- 
ored males,  4,214  do.  females.  Employed  in  agriculture,  56,955 ;  in  commerce,  2,743 ;  manufac- 
tures and  trades,  27,932 ;  navigating  the  ocean,  2,700 ;  do.  rivers,  &c,  431 ;  learned  professions  and 
engineers,  1,697. 

The  capitals  are  Hartford,  on  the  Connecticut  r.,  at  the  head  of  sloop  navigation,  50  miles  from 
its  mouth ;  and  New  Haven,  on  a  bay  which  sets  up  4  miles  from  Long  Island  Sound. 

The  state  is  divided  into  8  counties,  which,  with  their  population  in  1840,  and  their  capitals,  were 
as  follows :  Fairfield,  49,917,  Fairfield  and  Danbury ;  Hartford,  55,629,  Hartford ;  Litchfield, 
40,448,  Litchfield ;  Middlesex,  24,879,  Middletown;  New  Haven,  48,582,  New  Haven;  New 
London,  44,463,  New  London  and  Norwich ;  Tolland,  17,980,  Tolland  ;  Windham,  28,080,  Brook- 
lyn.   These  counties  are  divided  into  144  cities  and  townships. 

Connecticut  is  in  general  a  hilly  country,  but  the  hills  are  not  of  great  elevation.  In  passing 
over  the  state  e.  and  w.  they  occur  very  frequently,  but  much  less  so  n.  and  s.  A  range  of  hills  8 
or  10  ms.  e.  of  Connecticut  r.,  passes  through  a  considerable  portion  of  the  state.  Another  and 
higher  range  commences  at  a  high  bluff  called  East  Rock,  a  little  n.  e.  of  New  Haven,  and  passes 
northwardly  through  the  state  into  Massachusetts;  a  yet  higher  commences  at  West  Rock,  still 
more  elevated  than  East  Rock,  a  little  to  the  n.  w.  of  New  Haven,  and  proceeds  northwardly 
through  the  state,  and  constitutes  the  southern  portion  of  the  Green  Mountain  range.  In  the  n.  w. 
parts  of  this  state,  this  range  deserves  and  receives  the  name  of  mountains.  The  soil  is  generally 
good,  but  better  adapted  to  grazing  than  to  tillage.  The  interval  land  on  the  Connecticut  river  is 
exceedingly  fertile,  and  very  easily  tilled.  The  soil  in  general  is  well  cultivated,  and  produces 
Indian  corn,  rye,  in  some  parts  wheat,  oats,  barley,  buckwheat,  flax  abundantly,  some  hemp,  pota- 
toes, pumpkins,  turnips,  pease,  beans,  &c.  Apples  are  abundant,  and  some  other  fruits.  Neat  cat- 
tle, horses,  sheep,  butter,  and  cheese  are  produced  extensively.  In  1840  there  were  in  the  state, 
34,650  horses  and  mules,  238,650  neat  cattle,  403,462  sheep,  131,961  swine  ;  poultry  to  the  amount 
of  $176,629.  There  were  produced  87,009  bushels  of  wheat,  33,759  of  barley,  1,453,262  of  oats, 
737,424  of  Tye,  303,043  of  buckwheat,  1,500,441  of  Indian  corn,  889,870  pounds  of  wool,  3,414,238 
bushels  of  potatoes,  426,704  tons  of  hay,  83,764  pounds  of  hemp  and  flax,  471,657  of  tobacco,  17,538 
of  silk  cocoons,  51,764  of  sugar.  The  products  of  the  dairy  amounted  to  $1,376,534,  and  of  the  or- 
chard to  $296,232  ;  value  of  lumber,  $147,841 ;  and  2,666  gallons  of  wine  were  made. 

The  shore  of  Connecticut  is  indented  with  numerous  bays  and  creeks,  which  furnish  many  har- 
bors. The  principal  seaports  are  New  London,  which  has  one  of  the  finest  harbors  in  the  country ; 
New  Haven,  which  has  a  safe  harbor  that  in  many  parts  is  shallow,  and  is  said  to  be  gradually 
filling  up ;  and  Bridgeport.  Long  Island  Sound  extends  the  whole  length  of  the  state,  and 
greatly  facilitates  the  coasting  trade,  by  warding  off  the  swell  and  dangers  of  the  Atlantic.  The 
principal  trade  is  with  the  West  Indies.  New  London  has  engaged  extensively  in  the  whaling 
business.  The  exports  of  this  state  consist  of  beef,  pork,  horses,  cattle,  mules,  butter,  cheese,  Ind. 
corn,  rye,  flaxseed,  fish,  candles,  and  soap. 

Iron  ore  of  a  superior  quality  is  found  in  Salisbury  and  Kent,  and  the  former  has  long  been,  on 
account  of  its  tenacity,  manufactured  into  anchors.  Fine  marble  is  found  in  Milford  and  the  vicin- 
ity, and  an  excellent  freestone  in  Chatham  and  Haddam,  easily  wrought,  and  extensively  used  in 


CON 149 CON 

building  in  the  neighboring  cities,  and  New  York,  for  basements,  lintels,  &c.    There  are  mineral 
springs  at  Stafford  and  Suffield,  the  former  of  which  is  very  celebrated,  and  much  frequented. 

The  climate  of  Connecticut  is  healthy,  though  subject  to  extremes  of  heat  and  cold ;  the  sea 
coast  is  particularly  variable.  The  n.  w.  winds,  in  the  winter  season,  are  cold  and  piercing  ;  those 
which  blow  from  the  s.  are  more  mild  ;  and  a  great  change  in  the  weather  generally  occurs  with  a 
change  of  the  wind. 

The  3  principal  rivers  are  the  Connecticut,  navigable  for  vessels  drawing  8  feet  of  water  50  ms. 
to  Hartford,  crossing  the  state  nearly  in  the  middle,  and  entering  the  sound  between  Saybrook  and 
Lyme ;  the  Housatonic,  navigable  for  small  vessels  12  ms.  to  Derby,  and  entering  the  sound  be- 
tween Milford  and  Stratford  ;  the  Thames,  navigable  14  ms.  to  Norwich,  and  entering  the  Atlan- 
tic at  New  London.  Farmington  and  Naugatuck  are  considerable  streams,  furnishing  extensive 
water  power. 

There  are  6  cities  in  Connecticut — Hartford,  New  London,  New  Haven,  Middletown,  Bridgeport, 
and  Norwich.  The  other  principal  places  are  Stonington,  Danbury,  New  Milford,  Norwalk,  Meri- 
den,  Wethersfield,  East  Windsor,  Litchfield,  and  Waterbury. 

The  exports  of  this  state  in  1840  amounted  to  $518,210,  and  the  imports  to  $227,072.  There  were 
10  commercial  and  13  commission  houses  engaged  in  for.  trade,  with  a  capital  of  $565,000  ;  1,630 
retail  drygoods  and  other  stores,  with  a  capital  of  $6,687,636 ;  582  persons  in  the  lumber  trade  em- 
ployed a  capital  of  $433,425  ;  293  persons  engaged  in  transportation,  with  76  other  persons  as 
butchers,  packers,  &c,  employing  a  capital  of  $162,065 ;  2,215  persons  were  employed  in  the 
fisheries,  with  a  capital  of  $1,301,640. 

The  manufactures  of  Connecticut  are  not  less  extensive  than  its  commerce.  There  were  in  1840, 
home-made  or  family  goods  produced  to  the  amount  of  $226,162  ;  119  woollen  manufactories,  em- 
ploying 2,356  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  value  of  $2,494,313,  and  employing  a  capital  of 
$1,931,335 ;  116  cotton  factories,  with  181,319  spindles,  employing  5,153  persons,  producing  articles 
to  the  amount  of  $2,715,964,  and  employing  a  capital  of  $3,152,000  ;  28  furnaces,  producing  96,405 
tons  of  cast  iron,  and  44  forges  and  rolling  mills,  producing  3,632  tons  of  bar  iron,  the  whole  em- 
ploying 895  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $577,300 ;  36  paper  manufactories,  produced  articles  to  the 
amount  of  $596,500,  and  other  paper  manufactures  produced  $64,000,  the  whole  employing  454 
persons,  with  a  capital  of  $653,800 ;  hats  and  caps  were  manufactured  to  the  amount  of  $649,580, 
and  straw  bonnets  to  the  amount  of  $236,730,  the  whole  employing  1,814  persons,  and  employing  a 
capital  of  $350,823 ;  197  tanneries  employed  1,359  persons,  with  a  capital  of  $494,477;  408  other 
leather  manufactories,  as  saddleries,  &c,  produced  articles  to  the  amount  of  $2,017,931,  and  em- 
ployed a  capital  of  $829,267  ;  2  glass  houses  with  64  persons,  produced  $32,000,  with  a  capital  of 
$32,000 ;  14  potteries,  employing  44  persons,  produced  $40,850,  with  a  capital  of  $31,880  ;  8  pow- 
der mills,  employing  26  persons,  produced  662,500'  pounds  of  powder,  with  a  capital  of  $77,000  ; 
335  persons  produced  machinery  to  the  value  of  $319,680;  1,109  persons  produced  hardware  and 
cutlery  to  the  amount  of  $1,114,725  ;  55  persons  manufactured  granite,  marble,  &c.  to  the  amount 
of  $50,866  ;  bricks  and  lime  were  produced  to  the  amount  of  $151,446 ;  soap  and  tallow  and  wax 
candles  employed  a  capital  of  $46,000  ;  1,289  persons  produced  carriages  and  wagons  to  the  amount 
of  $929,301,  with  a  capital  of  $513,411 ;  7  flouring  mills  produced  15,500  barrels  of  flour,  and  with 
grist  mills,  saw  mills,  and  other  mills,  employed  895  persons,  and  manufactured  articles  to  the 
value  of  $543,509,  and  employed  a  capital  of  $727,440;  70  distilleries  employed  42  persons,  pro- 
duced 215,892  gallons  of  spirits,  with  a  capital  of  $50,380;  ships  were  built  to  the  amount  of 
$428,900 ;  16  rope  walks  employed  107  persons,  and  produced  articles  to  the  amount  of  $150,77o, 
with'a  capital  of  $85,700;  786  persons  manufactured  furniture  to  the  amount  of  $253,67o,  with  a 
capital  of  $342,770 ;  95  brick,  and  517  wooden  houses  were  erected  by  1,599  men,  to  the  value  of 
$1,086,295 ;  there  were  36  printing  offices,  aud  17  binderies,  2  daily,  27  weekly,  and  4  semi-weekly 
newspapers,  and  11  periodicals,  the  whole  employing  368  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $217,075.  The 
whole  amount  of  capital  employed  in  manufactures  was  $13,669,139. 

This  state  has  3  colleges.  Yale  College,  at  New  Haven,  is  one  of  the  oldest,  and  is  the  most 
flourishing  institution  of  the  kind  in  the  United  States.  It  was  founded  in  1701,  and  removed  from 
Saybrook  to  New  Haven  in  1717.  Washington  College,  at  Hartford,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Episcopalians,  was  founded  in  1826,  and  is  flourishing.  The  Wesleyan  University,  at  Middletown, 
is  under  the  direction  of  the  Methodists,  and  is  a  growing  institution.  The  Asylum  for  the  Deaf 
and  Dumb,  at  Hartford,  is  the  oldest  and  most  respectable  institution  of  the  kind  in  the  United 
States,  and  has  generally  130  students.  In  1840  there  were  in  the  3  colleges,  700  students ;  there 
were  in  the  state  127  academies  and  grammar  schools,  with  4,865  students ;  1,619  common  and  pri- 
mary schools,  with  65,739  scholars;  and  526  persons  over  20  years  of  age  who  could  neither  read 
nor  write,  the  least  number  of  any  state  in  the  Union.  Connecticut  has  a  larger  productive  school 
fund,  in  proportion  to  its  population,  than  any  other  state,  amounting  to  about  $2,000,000.  This 
originated  chiefly  from  the  sale  of  the  Western  Reserve,  constituting  a  large  part  of  the  northern 


CON 


150 


CON 


portion  of  the  state  of  Ohio,  included  in  its  original  charter,  and  ceded  to  it  by  the  United  States, 
by  way  of  compromise. 

The  principal  religious  denominations  are  the  Congregationalists,  the  Baptists,  the  Episcopalians, 
and  the  Methodists.  In  1836  the  Congregationalists  had  232  churches,  271  ministers,  and  29,579 
communicants ;  the  Baptists  92  churches,  90  ministers,  and  10,039  communicants ;  the  Episcopa- 
lians 1  bishop  and  63  ministers  ;  the  Methodists  73  ministers.  Besides  these,  there  were  a  few 
Roman  Catholics,  Unitarians,  and  Universalists. 

At  the  commencement  of  1840,  there  were  33  banks  and  branches,  with  a  capital  of  $8,832,223. 
It  had  no  state  debt. 
There  is  a  state  prison  at  Wethersfield,  erected  in  1826. 

The  government  of  the  state  is  vested  in  a  governor,  lieutenant-governor,  who  is  president  of  the 
senate,  and  in  a  senate  and  house  of  representatives.  The  senate  consists  of  not  less  than  18  nor 
of  more  than  24  members.  Most  of  the  towns  choose  2  representatives ;  some,  of  less  population, 
but  one.  The  sessions  of  the  legislature  are  held  annually,  alternately  at  Hartford  and  at  New 
Haven.  The  supreme  court  consists  of  5  judges,  appointed  by  the  legislature,  holding  their  offices 
during  good  behavior,  or  until  they  are  70  years  of  age.  These  judges  hold  separately  a  court 
twice  a  year,  in  each  county ;  and  all  the  judges  together  hold  one  court  annually  in  each  county, 
as  a  court  of  errors.  The  county  courts  consist  of  3  judges  in  each  county,  appointed  annually  by 
the  legislature.  There  are  justices  of  the  peace  in  the  several  towns,  who  have  cognizance  of  all 
cases  where  the  demand  does  not  exceed  $35.  The  cities  have  city  courts,  consisting  of  the  mayor 
and  2  senior  aldermen,  having  cognizance  of  all  civil  actions,  which  do  not  respect  the  title  of 
land. 

The  principal  internal  improvements  in  Connecticut  are  the  Farmington  canal,  extending  from 
New  Haven,  56  ms.,  to  the  n.  line  of  the  state,  whence  it  is  continued  to  Northampton,  Mass. ;  at 
Enfield,  a  canal  extends  around  the  falls  in  Connecticut  river  of  5£  ms.,  which,  with  other  improve- 
ments above,  is  designed  to  make  the  river  navigable  for  boats  and  steamboats  to  White  river,  in 
Vt. ;  the  Norwich  and  Worcester  railroad,  58i  miles,  extends  from  Norwich  n.  through  the  state ; 
the  New  Haven  and  Hartford  railroad,  36  miles,  connects  the  two  places,  and  is  to  be  extended  to 
meet  the  Western  Massachusetts  railroad  at  Springfield ;  the  Housatonic  railroad  commences  at 
Bridgeport,  and  extends  to  North  Canaan,  at  the  n.  line  of  the  state,  73  miles,  and  is  continued  to 
meet  the  Western  railroad  of  Massachusetts,  at  West  Stockbridge. 

The  state  consisted,  at  its  first  settlement,  of  two  colonies,  denominated  Connecticut,  having  the 
seat  of  government  at  Hartford ;  and  New  Haven,  at  New  Haven.  The  colony  of  Connecticut 
was  settled  in  1633,  at  Windsor,  by  emigrants  from  Massachusetts,  who  penetrated  through  the 
wilderness.  Hartford  was  settled  by  the  English  in  1635,  the  Dutch  having  previously  built  a  fort 
there,  which  they  did  not  permanently  hold.  Wethersfield  was  settled  in  1636.  The  colony  at 
New  Haven  was  settled  by  the  English  in  1633.  By  a  charter  granted  by  Charles  II.,  in  1665, 
these  colonies  were  united.  During  the  tyranny  of  Andros,  an  attempt  was  made  to  procure  a  sur- 
render of  the  charter.  The  subject  was  publicly  debated  in  the  evening,  at  Hartford,  when  sud- 
denly the  candles  were  extinguished,  and  the  charter  was  hid  in  the  hollow  of  an  oak  tree,  which 
has  become  famous  since  as  the  Charter  Oak.  This  charter  continued  to  be  the  basis  of  the  gov- 
ernment until  the  year  1818,  when  the  present  constitution  was  formed. 

In  1708,  the  celebrated  Saybrook  Platform,  or  constitution  of  the  Congregational  churches, 
was  adopted. 

Connecticut  took  a  very  active  part  in  the  revolutionary  war,  and  a  number  of  her  towns,  par- 
ticularly Danbury  and  New  London,  were  burned  by  the  enemy  ;  the  latter  under  the  command 
of  the  traitor  Arnold. 

The  constitution  of  the  United  States  was  adopted  in  a  convention,  January  9,  1788 ;  yeas  128, 
nays  40 ;  majority  88. 


CoNNELSviLLE.p-t.,  and  b.,  Fayette  co.,  Pa., 

ated  on  the  i ;  bank  of  the  Youghiogany  river 
Chartered  ,n  1806.  It  has  2  churches,  9  stores 
S !  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  about  120  dwellings 
There  are  in  the  t.,  7  stores,  cap.  $26,800 :  3  fur- 
naces, 4  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  paper  manufac, 

1?0W2?£!2Z  2  PSt  m'  8  saw m  CaP-  ^ man 
ufec.  $16,160.    5  sch.  190  scholars.    Pop  1436 

Conner's  Mills,  Cooper  co.,  Mo.,  45  n  w 
Jefferson  city,  960  W. 

Connersville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Fayette  co , 
la.,  60  e.  s.  E.  Indianapolis,  519  W.  Situated  on 
the  w.  side  of  Whitewater  r.  It  contains  3 
churches— 1  Presbyterian,  1  Methodist,  and  1 


Christian — 8  stores,  3  academies,  1  seminary, 
and  596  inhabitants.    Pop.  of  the  t.  1,372. 

Conoten,  p-v.,  North  t.,  Harrison  co.,  O.,  118 
N.  E.  Columbus,  296  W.  Situated  on  Conoten 
cr.,  a  branch  of  Tuscarawas  r. 

Conn's  Creek,  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,  la.,  34  s.  E. 
Indianapolis,  563  W. 

ConCiUest,  p-t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y.,  15  n.  Au- 
burn, 164  w.  by  N.  Albany,  347  W.  The  surface 
is  rolling ;  soil,  clay  and  sandy  loam.  Bounded 
n.  by  Seneca  r.,  which  here  divides  so  as  to  form 
Howland's  island  in  the  s.  w.  corner  of  the  town. 
The  v.  contains  2  churches,  2  stores,  1  flouring 
m.,  1  saw  m.,  20  dwellings,  and  about  130  inhab- 
itants.   There  are  in  the  town  2  stores,  capital 


CON 


151 


COO 


Cap.  in  manufac.  $900.     16 

Pop.  1,911. 

Miami  co.,  O.,  68  w.  Colum- 


§17,000;  3sawm. 
sch.  657  scholars. 

CONQUEST,  p-O., 

bus,  462  W. 

Conrad's  Store,  p-o.,  Rockingham  co.,  Va., 
109  n.  w.  Richmond,  124  W. 

Constable,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  N.  Y.,  6  n.  Ma- 
lone,  218  n.  by  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  level, 
and  the  soil  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Trout  r., 
which  flows  into  the  Chateaugay  r.,  a  branch  of 
the  St.  Lawrence.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $10,150 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $4,850.  7  sch.  379  scholars.  Pop. 
1,128. 

Constableville,  p-v.,  West  Turin  t,  Lewis 
co.,  N.  Y.,  138  n.  w.  Albany,  419  W.    It  con- 
tains 2  churches— 1  Episcopal  and  1  Union— 2 
stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m 
about  130  inhabitants. 

Constantia,  p-t.,  Oswego  CO.,  N.  Y.,  135  w. 
N.  w.  Albany,  30  e.  Oswego,  373  W.  The  sur- 
face is  level;  soil,  sandy  loam.  Oneida  lake 
bounds  it  on  the  s.  Drained  by  Scriba  cr.  It 
has  8  stores,  cap.  $22,000 ;  2  furnaces,  1  fulling 
m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  19  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $57,830.  15  sch.  583  scholars.  Pop. 
1,476. 

Constantine,  p-v.,  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich.,  149 
w.  s.  w.  Detroit,  596  W.  Situated  on  St.  Joseph 
r.,  at  the  junction  of  Fall  r.  It  has  1  Episcopal 
church,  7  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  and  2  saw  m. 
Steamboats  and  keel  boats  pass  from  this  to  the 
mouth  of  the  St.  Joseph.  The  rivers  here  afford 
excellent  water  power.  It  is  a  place  of  extensive 
business.  Pop.  751. 
Constitution,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  O. 
Contoocook,  r.,  Hillsborough  co.,  N.  H.  Its 
principal  branch  rises  in  Rindge  t.,  Cheshire  co., 
and  pursues  a  n.  and  n.  e.  course  until  it  enters 
Merrimac  r.,  on  the  n.  line  of  Concord  t.  It  is  a 
fine  mill  stream. 

Contoocook  Village,  p-v.,  Hopkinton  t 
Merrimac  co.,  N.  H.,  10  w.  Concord,  478  W.    Sit- 
uated on  the  Contoocook  r.    Here  is  extensive 
water  power,  and  a  number  of  mills. 

Convenience,  p-o.,  Fayette  co.,  O.,  54  s.  w 
Columbus,  426  W. 

Con  vis,  t.,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  113  w.  Detroit, 
578  W.    It  has  5  sch.  16  scholars.    Pop.  292. 

Conway,  county,  Ark.  Situated  in  the  cen- 
tral part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,025  sq.  miles. 
Arkansas  r.  runs  on  its  s.  w.  border.  Drained  by 
Cadron  and  Point  Remove  crs.  Surface  uneven. 
Capital.  Lewisburg.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  7,605,  sheep  939,  swine  14,644,  wheat  1,709 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  135,365,  oats  1,430,  po- 
tatoes 10,570,  cotton  2,702  pounds,  5  stores,  cap. 
$14,600 ;  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $1,500.  1  acad.  22  students.  Pop. 
1830,  982;  1840,  whites  2,695,  slaves  192,  free 
col'd  5  ;  total,  2,892. 
Conway,  p-o.,  Aroostook  co.,  Me. 
Conway,  p-t.,  Carroll  co.,  N.  H.,  68  n.  n.  e. 
Concord,  552  W.  Watered  by  Swift  r.,  and  other 
branches  of  Saco  r.,  which  passes  through  it.  The 
Saco  is  here  10  or  12  rods  wide.  There  is  a  large 
pond  on  its  s.  border,  which  has  an  outlet  into 
Saco  r.  A  sulphur  spring  here  is  some  resorted 
to.  Magnesia  and  fuller's  earth  are  also  found. 
It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $11,500;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tan- 
nery, 2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$7,755.     18  sch.  737  scholars.    Pop.  1,801. 

Conway,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  102  w.  by 
N.  Boston,  397  W.  Deerfield  r.  washes  its  n.  e. 
border,  and  a  branch  of  this  r.  passes  through  it. 
Incorporated  in  1767.  It  has  a  Congregational 
and  a  Baptist  church,  and  considerable  manufac- 


tures. It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $10,900;  1  woollen 
foe.,  3  cotton  far.  2,994  sp.,  1  tannery,  8  disiiller- 
ies,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  17  sch.  431  tcfaotof. 
Pop.  1,409. 

Conwayborough  p-v.,  capital  of  Horrv  dist., 
S.  C,  196  e.  by  s.  Columbia,  468  W.  Situated 
on  the  w.  bank  of  Waccamaw  r.,  which  is  navi- 
gable to  this  place  for  steamboats.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Conyngham.  p-v.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  196  n.  n. 
e.  Harrisburg,  218  W.  It  occupies  a  romantic 
situation,  surrounded  by  mountains.  It  is  neatly 
built,  chiefly  on  one  street,  and  contains  several 
stores,  and  over  50  dwellings. 

Cook,  county,  III.,  in  the  N.  E.  part  of  the  state, 
lies  on  Lake  Michigan.  It  contains  864  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  consisting  of  prairie, 
20  dwellings,  and  groves  of  timber,  and  some  swamp.  Drained  by 
Calumic,  Chicago,  and  Des  Plaines  rivers.  Cap- 
ital, Chicago.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
8,441,  sheep  990,  swine  10,812;  wheat  24,977 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  49,231,  buckwheat 
3,710,  barley  3,494,  oats  109,129,  potatoes  122,176  ; 
4  commission  houses,  cap.  $35,300 ;  102  stores, 
cap.  $409,800;  11  lumber  yards,  cap.  $38,900 ;  1 
furnace,  1  distillery,  1  brewery,  2  flouring  m.,  1 
saw  m.,  3  printing  offices,  1  periodical,  2  daily, 
2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $62,150. 
16  sch.  493  scholars.    Pop.  10,201. 

Cook's  Bridge,  p-o.,  Newcastle  co.,  Del.,  62 
w.  by  n.  Dover,  96  W. 

Cookham,  p-v.,  Fairfield  dist.,  S.  C,  20  n.  Co- 
lumbia, 489  W. 

Cooksburg,  p-v.,  Rensselaerville  t.,  Albany 
co.,  N.  Y. 

Cook's  Corners,  p-o.,  Erie  co.,  O.,  103  n.  e. 
Columbus,  412  W 


Cook's  Law  Office,  p-o.,  Elbert  co.,  Ga.,  110 
N.  n.  E.  Milledgeville,  566  W. 

Cook's  Run,  p-o.,  Clinton  co.,  Pa.,  147  n.  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  239  W. 

Cookstown,  p-o.,  Washington  t.,  Fayette  co., 
Pa.,  197  w.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  219  W.  Situated 
on  the  e.  bank  of  Monongahela  river.  It  has  2 
churches,  5  stores,  115  dwellings,  and  about  600 
inhabitants. 

Cooksville,  p-v.,  Ann  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  53 
N.  w.  Annapolis,  58  W. 

Cooksville,  p-v.,  Noxubee  co.,  Miss.,  132  N. 
e.  by  E.  Jackson,  885  W. 

Coolbaugh's,  p-t.,  Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  138  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  232  W.    Pop.  159. 

Cool  Spring,  p-t.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  175  w.  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  248  W.  Drained  by  Cool  Spring 
cr.  and  Otter  cr.,  branches  of  Neshanock  r.  It 
has  3  stores,  cap.  $3,500 ;  2  distilleries,  3  grist  m., 
7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $375.  12  sch.  420 
scholars.    Pop.  1,934. 

Cool  Spring,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,N.  C,  190 
E.  Raleigh,  314  W. 

Cool  Spring,  p-o.,  Wilkinson  co.,  Ga.,  56  s. 
Milledgeville,  704  W. 

Cool  Spring,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  Ky.,  142  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  663  W.  ; 

Cool  Spring,  p-o.,  La  Fayette  co.,  Mo.,  122 
w.  N.  w.  Jefferson  city,  1,048  W. 

Cooper,  r.,  S.  C,  unites  with  Ashley  r.  to 
form  Charleston  harbor,  entering  it  on  the  e.  side 
of  the  city.  A  canal  21  ms.  long  connects  this  r. 
with  Santee  r.,  which  opens  an  extensive  com- 
munication between  Charleston  and  the  interior. 

Cooper,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the  central 
part  of  the  state,  and  has  Missouri  r.  on  its  n. 
border.  It  contains  400  sq.  ms.  Drained  by  La 
Mine  and  Little  Saline  rivers,  and  Mamtou  cr. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  the  soil  very  fer- 
tile.   Capital,  Booneville.    There  were  in  1840, 


coo 


152 


COP 


npnt  rattle  15,088,  sheep  11,242,  swine  40,298; 
wilt  S?l  'bush,  produced,  rye 1,376 1,  Indian 
^587,059,  oats  163,773,  potatoes  22,684,  tobac- 
co 142,562  pounds,  sugar  5,340 ;  31  stores,  cap. 
$307  460-  5  tanneries,  8  distdleries,  4  flouring 
m.,  5'saw  m,  1  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Capital  in  manufac.  $114,850  3 
acad.  142  students,  21  sch.  811  scholars  Pop. 
1830, 6,904 ;  1840,  whites  8,312,  slaves  2,157,  tree 
col'd  15;  total,  10,484. 

Cooper,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  196  e.  n. 
e  Augusta,  782  W.  It  has  a  small  lake  on  its  n. 
e!  part,  the  outlet  of  which  runs  on  its  e.  border, 
and  enters  into  Cobscook  bay.  It  has  1  gnst  m., 
1  saw  m.,  7  sch.  277  scholars.    Pop.  657. 

Cooper,  p-t.,  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  131  w. 
Detroit,  596  W.    It  has  3  sch.  60  scholars.    Pop. 

Cooper's,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  169  w.  s.  w. 
Richmond,  244  W. 

Cooper's,  p-o.,  Smith  co.,  Tenn.,  60  e.  Nash- 
ville, 667  W. 

Coopersburg,  p-o.,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  95  E.  N. 
E.  Harrisburg,  108 W.- 
Cooper's Mills,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  13  s. 
Augusta,  605  W. 

Cooperstown,  p-v.,Otsego  t.,  capital  of  Otsego 
co.,  N.Y.,  69  w.  Albany,  366  W.  It  is  delightfully 
situated  on  a  plain,  at  the  outlet  of  Otsego  lake. 
Incorporated  in  1812.  It  is  neatly  and  tastefully 
built,  and  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  scenery. 
The  lake  is  a  fine  sheet  of  water,  and  its  outlet 
affords  good  water  power,  and  forms  the  com- 
mencement of  the  Susquehanna  r.  The  v.  has 
a  court  house,  jail,  5  churches — 1  Presbyterian, 
1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Uni- 
versalis!— 20  stores,  besides  2  bookstores,  1  bank- 
ing-house, 1  academy,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m., 
200  dwellings,  and  about  1,400  inhabitants. 

Cooperstown,  p-v.,  Plumb  t.,  Venango  co., 
Pa.,  218  w.  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  292  W.    It  has  a 
store  and  5  or  6  dwellings. 
Coopersville,  p-o.,  Clinton  co.,  N.  Y. 
Coopersville,  p-v.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  55  s. 
E.  Harrisburg,  113  W. 

Coop  Creek,  p-o.,  Marion  co.,  Tenn.,  107  s. 
E.  Nashville,  608  W. 

Coos,  county,  N.  H.  Situated  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  and  has  Lower  Canada  on  the  n., 
the  state  of  Maine  on  the  e.,  and  Connecticut  r. 
w.  It  contains  1,600  sq.  ms.  A  stream,  which 
flows  through  Connecticut  lake,  forms  one  of  the 
sources  of  Connecticut  r.  Hall's  stream,  another 
source,  which  lies  w.  of  it,  has  been,  by  the  re- 
cent treaty,  fixed  on  as  the  n.  w.  source  of  Con- 
necticut r.  described  in  the  treaty  of  1783.  The 
majestic  White  mountains,  and  some  others,  oc- 
cupy the  s.  part  of  this  co.  Drained  on  the  w. 
by  Mohawk,  Ammonoosuck,  Israel's,  and  John's 
rivers,  which  flow  w.  into  Connecticut  r.  On 
the  E.  flows  the  Androscoggin  r.,  which  enters 
the  Atlantic  through  Kennebec  r.  Incorporated 
in  1803.  Much  of  the  land  is  rough,  and  not 
fitted  for  cultivation ;  but  on  Connecticut  r.,  and 
some  other  streams,  it  is  good.  Capital,  Lancas- 
ter. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  11,334, 
sheep  21,092,  swine  3,977;  wheat  26,951  bushels 
produced,  rye  4,393,  Ind.  corn  14,325,  buckwheat 
34,091,  barley  6,523,  oats  82,597,  potatoes  432,521, 
sugar  194,387  pounds ;  23  stores,  cap.  $51,300 ; 
5  fulling  m.,  5  tanneries,  23  grist  m.,  54  saw  m., 
1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $86,060.  1  acad.  128  students,  105 
sch.  3,104  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  8,390;  1840, 
9,849. 

Coosa,  r.,  Ala.,  rises  in  Ga.,  and  runs  through 
the  n.  w.  part  of  that  state  into  Alabama,  and  8 


miles  below  Wetumpka  unites  with  the  Talla- 
poosa r.  to  form  Alabama  r.  The  Coosa  is  nav- 
igable for  steamboats  8  ms.  above  the  junction  to 
Wetumpka.     Its  whole  course  is  about  240  ms. 

Coosa,  county,  Ala.,  a  central  eastern  co.,  con- 
tains 870  sq.  ms.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of 
Coosa  r.,  and  is  drained  by  Hatchet,  Paint,  and 
Wawakee  creeks,  falling  into  the  Coosa  r.  Sur- 
face, hilly  and  diversified,  with  extensive  pine 
forests.  Soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Rockford.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  14,173,  sheep  1,435, 
swine  20,271 ;  wheat  10,050  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  211,641,  oats  5,656,  potatoes  15,298,  rice 
10,780  pounds,  tobacco  1,132,  cotton  172,505 ;  28 
stores,  cap.  $148,250 ;  4  tanneries,  8  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  2  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $29,785.  2  acad.  60  students, 
5  sch.  110  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,858,  slaves 
2,125,  free  col'd  12;  total,  6,995. 

Coosawda,  p-v.,  Autauga  co.,  Ala.,  106  s.  E. 
Tuscaloosa,  832  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank  of 
Alabama  r.,  6  miles  below  the  junction  of  Coosa 
and  Tallapoosa  rivers. 

Coosawhatchie,  r.,  S.  C,  runs  s.  s.  E.,  and 
falls  into  Broad  r.  An  eastern  outlet,  called 
Whale  Branch,  and  also  Coosaw  r.,  forms  the 
island  of  Port  Royal. 

Coosawhatchie,  p-v.,  capital  of  Beaufort  dist,, 
S.  C,  134  s.  Columbia,  619  W.  Situated  on 
Coosawhatchie  r.,  75  s.  w.  by  w.  Charleston.  It 
has  a  court  house,  jail,  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Copake,  p-t.,  Columbia  co.,  N.  Y.,  49  s.  by  e 
Albany,  342  W.  The  surface  on  the  e.  is  moun- 
tainous; on  the  w.  is  a  broad  valley,  through 
which  flows  Ancram  cr.,  where  the  soil  is  good. 
It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $1,800 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  wool- 
len fac,  1  tannery.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,000. 
8  sch.  397  scholars.    Pop.  1,505. 

Copeland,  p-o.,  Telfair  co.,  Ga.,  96  s.  by  E. 
Milledgeville,743W. 

Copely,  p-t.,  Summit  co.,  O.,  124  n.  e.  Colum- 
bus, 6  n.  w.  Akron,  337  W.  The  surface  is  gen- 
erally level,  in  some  parts  rolling,  and  the  soil 
good,  both  for  grain  and  grass.  The  t.  contains 
5  saw  m.,  3  flouring  m.,  2  carding  machines,  and 
other  mills  and  manufactories.  It  has  9  sch.  364 
scholars.    Pop.  1,439. 

Copenhagen,  p-v.,  Denmark  t.,  Lewis  co.,  N. 
Y.,  149  n.  w.  Albany,  423  W.  Situated  on  Deer 
r.,  which,  half  a  mile  below  the  place,  has  a  fall 
of  175  feet,  nearly  perpendicular,  with  high  pro- 
jecting banks  below,  overhanging  the  stream, 
the  whole  constituting  a  great  curiosity.  The  v. 
has  1  church,  3  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  oil 
m.,  1  ropewalk,  40  dwellings,  and  about  250  in- 
habitants. 

Copenhagen,  p-v.,  Caldwell  co.,  N.  C,  206 
w.  Raleigh,  418  W. 

Copenhagen,  p-v.,  Caldwell  par.,  La.,  266  n. 
w.  New  Orleans,  1,180  W. 

Cope's  Mills,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  O.,  146  E. 
by  n.  Columbus,  277  W. 

Copiah,  county,  Miss.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  900  sq.  miles. 
Pearl  r.  runs  on  its  e.  border.  Drained  by  Bayou 
Pierre,  and  head  branches  of  Homochitto  river. 
Capital,  Gallatin.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 12,127,  sheep  3,264,  swine  29,755 ;  Ind.  com 
331,650  bush,  produced,  oats  12,321,  potatoes 
48,860,  rice  58,885  pounds,  cotton  3,335,520 ;  10 
stores,  cap.  $101,100;  13  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.,  1 
printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $38,455.  12  sch.  251  scholars.  Pop. 
1830,  7,001 ;  1840,  whites  5,161,  slaves  3,786,  free 
col'd  7  ;  total,  8,954. 

Copiah  Creek,  p-o.,  Copiah  co.,  Miss.,  45  s 
.Jackson,  1,049  W. 


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153 


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Copopa,  p-o.,  Columbia  t.,  Lorain  co.,  O.,  20 
s.  w.  Cleveland,  135  n.  n.  e.  Columbus,  365 
W. 

Copperas  Creek,  p-o.,  Fulton  co.,  111.,  77  n. 
w.  Springfield,  887  W 

Coral,  p-o.,  McHenry  co.,  111.,  221  N.  N.  E. 
Springfield,  773  W. 

Coram,  p-v.,  Brookhaven  t.,  Suffolk  co.,  N. 
V.,  203  s  s.  e.  Albany,  283  W.  It  contains  1 
cburch,  2  stores,  and  12  or  15  dwellings. 

Corbeau,  v.,  Champlain  t.,  Clinton  co.,  N.  Y.  It 
contains  1  church,  2  stores,  and  several  dwellings. 

Corbettsville,  p-o.,  Conklin  t.,  Broome  co., 
IN.  Y. 

Cordova,  p-o..  Rock  Island  co.,  HI.,  166  n.  n. 
w.  Springfield,  881  W. 

Corea  Fabre,  p-v.,  Union  co.,  Ark.,  168  s.  by 
w.  Little  Rock,  1,213  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
bank  of  Wachita  r.,  at  the  head  of  steamboat 
navigation. 

Core  Creek,  p-o.,  Craven  co.,  N.  C 

Core's  Mills,  p-o.,  Tyler  co.,  Va.,  323  n.  w. 
Richmond,  279  W. 

Core  Sound,  on  the  coast  of  N.  C,  40  miles 
long,  opens  in  the  n.  e.  into  Pamlico  sound.  The 
island  which  encloses  it  contains  Cape  Lookout 
on  its  s.  point. 

Corfu,  p-o.,  Pembroke  t.,  Genesee  co.,  N.  Y., 
266  w.  by  n.  Albany,  380  W. 

Corinna,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  64  n.  n.  w. 
Augusta,  659  W.  Incorporated  in  1816.  Wa- 
tered by  a  head  branch  of  Sebasticook  r.  It  is  a 
fertile  t.,  and  has  2  tanneries,  14  sch.  409  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,704. 

Corinna  Centre,  p-o.,  Corinna  t.,  Penobscot 
co.,  Me.,  62  n.  n.  w.  Augusta,  657  W. 

Corinth,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  85  n.  n.  e. 
Augusta,  680  W.  Drained  by  Kenduskeag  stream, 
which  enters  the  Penobscot  r.  at  Bangor.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  It  has  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $8,000.  9  sch.  258  scholars.  Pop. 
1,318. 

Corinth,  p-t.,  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  34  s.  E.  Mont- 
pelier,  513  W.  Drained  by  branches  of  Wait's 
r.,  which  afford  water  power.  First  settled  in 
1777.  The  soil  is  a  fertile  loam.  It  has  6  stores, 
cap.  $27,500  ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m., 
4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,300 ;  21  sch.  708 
scholars.     Pop.  1,970. 

Corinth,  p-t.,  Saratoga  co.,  N.  Y.,  52  n.  by  w. 
Albany,  421  W.  Organized  in  1828.  The  sur- 
face is  rolling ;  the  soil,  sandy  loam.  It  is  bound- 
ed e.  by  Hudson  r.  The  p-v.,  on  the  Hudson  r., 
has  been  heretofore  denominated  Jesup's  Land- 
ing, now  Corinth.  It  has  1  Presbyterian  church, 
1  store,  and  about  20  dwellings.  Its  business  in 
considerable  in  the  lumber  trade.  There  are  in 
the  t.  4  stores,  cap.  $7,000 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  wool- 
len fac,  4  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $16,400.  5  sch.  375  scholars.  Pop. 
1,365. 

Corinth,  p-v.,  Heard  co.,  Ga.,  120  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  724  W.  It  contains  an  academy,  and 
20  or  30  dwellings. 

Cork,  p-o.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.,  191  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 342  W. 

Corlaer's  Hook,  the  s.  E.  point  of  the  city 
of  New  York,  at  a  sudden  bend  in  the  East  r. 

Corn  Creek,  jp-o.,  Trimble  co.,  Ky.,  47  n.  w. 
Frankfort,  566  W 

Corneliusville,  p-v.,  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  90  n. 
by  e.  Frankfort,  516  W. 

Corners,  p-o.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  70  s.  Montpe- 
lier,  46S  W. 

Cornersburg,  p-v.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.  It  has 
a  church,  one  or  two  stores,  and  20  or  30  dwell- 
ings. 

20 


Corner  Stonk,  p-o.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  131  n. 
Hsrruburg,  241  W. 

CoRNKusvn.i.K,  pv..  Gital  co.,  Tenn.,  61  s. 
Nashville,  711  W.  Situated  in  tho  \.  i:.  oorDOT 
of  the  county.  It  contain!  about  12  dwellings, 
and  60  inhabit  an  ti. 

Cornersville,  p-v.,  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  2s«.)  s. 
w.  by  w.  Frankfort,  813  W. 

Cornersville,  p-v.,  La  Fayette  co.,  Miss., 
184  n.  n.  w.  Jackson,  887  W. 

Cornersville,  p-o.,  York  co.,  Me.,  78  s.  w. 
Augusta,  549  W. 

Corn  Grovk,  p-o.,  Benton  co.,  Ala.,  158  e.  n. 
e.  Tuscaloosa,  736  W. 

Corning,  p-v.,  Painted  Post  t.,  Steuben  co., 
N.  Y.,  213  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  287  W.  Situated 
on  the  s.  side  of  Chemung  r.  It  contains  3  church- 
es— 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  and  1  Method- 
ist — a  banking  house,  14  stores,  1  woollen  fac, 
1  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  iron  foundry,  1  cm 
fac,  1  axe  fac,  and  various  other  mechanical 
establishments.  The  line  of  the  New  York  and 
Erie  railroad  passes  through  the  place.  By 
means  of  a  canal  and  Seneca  lake  it  is  connected 
with  the  Erie  canal.  A  railroad  to  Blossburg, 
Pa.,  40  ms.  long,  connects  it  with  the  bituminous 
coal  region  of  Pa.  These  communications  have 
already  rendered  its  trade  in  lumber,  coal,  &c, 
extensive. 

Cornish,  p-t,  York  co.,  Me.,  76  s.  w.  Augusta, 
547  W.  Great  Ossipee  and  Saco  rivers  bound  it 
on  the  n.  Incorporated  in  1794.  It  has  a  fertile 
soil,  and  produces  good  wheat.  It  has  6  stores, 
cap.  $4,700 ;  2  tanneries,  1  pottery,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac  $17,930.  11  sch.  536  scholars. 
Pop.  1,263. 

Cornish,  p-t.,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  H.,  58  n.  w.  by 
w.  Concord,  471  W.  Connecticut  r.  runs  on  its 
w.  border,  over  which  is  a  bridge  to  Windsor,  Vt. 
The  surface  is  uneven,  except  on  the  r.,  and  the 
soil  is  fertile.  Chartered  in  1763.  Several  small 
streams  furnish  mill  seats.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$6,000  ;  3  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  12  sch. 
567  scholars.    Pop.  1,726. 

Cornish  Flat,  p-o.,  Cornish  t,  Sullivan  co., 
N.  H.,  59  n.  w.  by  w.  Concord,  474  W. 

Cornishville,  p-o.,  McHenry  co.,  111.,  210  n. 
n.  e.  Springfield,  762  W. 

Corn  Planter,  p-t.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  217  w. 
n.  w.  Harrisburg,  291  W.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$4,000.     Cap.  in  manufac  $1,000.     1  sch.  25 


scholars.     Pop.  427. 

Cornville,  p-t.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  42  n.  by 
e.  Augusta,  637  W.  Watered  by  Wessaransett 
r.,  a  tributary  of  Kennebec  r.  Incorporated  in 
1798.  It  produces  good  wheat.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $2,500;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  15  sch.  459 
scholars.    Pop.  1,140. 

Cornwall,  p-t.,  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  63  s.  w. 
Montpelier,  477  W.  Otter  creek  runs  on  its 
E.  boundary.  Lemonfair,  a  branch  of  the  same 
r.,  crosses  its  n.  w.  corner.  The  surface  is  gen- 
erally level,  and  the  soil  a  strong  clay  loam.  In 
the  s.  w.  part  is  a  swamp,  covering  several  thou- 
sand acres,  but  the  place  is  healthy.  There  is  a 
Congregational  and  a  Baptist  church.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $12,000 ;  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  12 
saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,550.  7  sch. 
240  scholars.    Pop.  1,164. 

Cornwall,  p-t.,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct.,  39  w.  by 
N.  Hartford,  330  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ui 
the  w.  part,  and  the  soil  various.  Housatonic  r. 
runs  on  its  w.  border,  and  a  small  tributary  pass- 
es through  it.  First  settled  in  1740.  A.  foreign 
mission  school  was  established  here  m  1718  ;  and 
at  it  a  number  of  distinguished  heathen  youth 
have   been    educated,  who  have   been  useful 


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154 


COT 


among  the  American  Indians,  and  the  Sandwich 
Islanders.  The  Housatonic  railroad  passes 
through  the  t.  There  are  3  furnaces,  5  stores, 
cap.  $16,000 ;  3  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  2  tan- 
neries, 2  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$35,630.     14  sch.  447  scholars.     Pop.  1,703. 

Cornwall,  t.,  Orange  co.,  N.  Y.,  6  s.  New- 
burg,  100  s.  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly  or 
mountainous.  Butter  Hill  and  Crow's  Nest,  the 
highest  peaks  of  the  "  Highlands,"  are  here,  and 
the  sites  of  old  forts  Putnam,  Clinton,  and  Mont- 
gomery, of  revolutionary  memory.  Here  is  also 
West  Point,  the  seat  of  the  Military  Academy  of 
the  United  States,  for  a  particular  description  of 
which,  see  West  Point.  It  has  11  sch.  596  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  3,925. 

Cornwall,  p-o.,  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.,  42  e.  Harris- 
burg,  326  W. 

Cornwall  Bridge,  p-o.,  Cornwall  t.,  Litch- 
field co.,  Ct.,  42  w.  by  n.  Hartford,  326  W.  A 
bridge  here  crosses  the  Housatonic  r. 

Cornwall  Hollow,  p-o.,  Cornwall  t.,  Litch- 
field co.,  Ct.,  33  w.  by  n.  Hartford,  337  W. 

Cornwall  Landing,  v.,  Cornwall  t.,  Orange 
co.,  N.  Y.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  the  Hud- 
son r.,  at  the  northern  termination  of  the  High- 
lands ;  it  contains  4  stores,  20  dwellings,  and  about 
125  inhabitants. 

Cornwallville,  p-v.,  Durham  t.,  Greene  co., 
N.  Y.,  38  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  361  W.  It  has  1 
church,  1  store,  and  12  or  15  dwellings. 

Corrington,  p-o.,  Franklin  co..  la.,  81  e.  s.  e. 
Indianapolis,  507  W. 

Cortlandt,  p-o.,  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  186  w.  n. 
w.  Detroit,  667  W. 

Cortland,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  in  the 
central  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  500  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  ol  this  county  is  elevated,  with  gent- 
ly rising  hills  and  broad  valleys  ;  the  soil  is  fer- 
tile, and  alike  adapted  to  grazing  and  to  grain. 
Drained  by  Toughnioga  and  Ostelic  rs.,  which 
afford  extensive  water  power.  Iron  ore  is  found 
in  small  quantities  ;  there  are  some  beds  of  marl, 
and  one  or  two  sulphur  springs,  and  a  salt  spring. 
Capital,  Cortland.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 33,739,  sheep  99,160,  swine  19,043;  wheat 
100,765  bush,  produced,  rye  2,730,  Indian  corn 
85,344,  buckwheat  18,015,  barley  29,935,  oats 
276,681,  potatoes  575,506,  sugar  429,690  pounds  ; 
33  stores,  cap.  $350,400 ;  3  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$2,200  ;  4  furnaces,  1  forge,  10  fulling  m.,  4  wool- 
len fac,  1  cotton  fac.  1,916  sp.,  17  tanneries,  1 
distillery,  1  brewery,  1  pottery,  23  grist  m.,  84 
saw  m.,  3  oil  m.,  1  paper  fac,  2  printing  offices, 
1  bindery,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $369,955.  2  acad.  370  students,  179  sch. 
7,930  scholars.  Population,  1830,  23,755  ;  1840, 
24,607. 

Cortland,  p-t.,  Westchester  co.,  N.  Y.,  113  s. 
Albany,  262  W.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  in  the 
N.w.  mountainous,  including  a  portion  of  the 
Highlands.  The  soil  is  sand  and  a  gravelly  loam. 
Watered  by  Croton  r.,  which  is  taken  to  the  city 
of  New  York  m  a  covered  canal,  to  supply  the 
city  with  wholesome  water.  The  water  is  said  to 
be  very  pure,  being  derived  chiefly  from  fine 
springs  The  p-o.  is  denominated  Cortlandtown, 
situated  in  Croton  village.    Pop.  5,592. 

Cortlandville,  p-t.,  capital  of  Cortland  co 
N.  Y.,  143  w.  by  s.  Albany,  314  W.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating ;  soil,  fertile  argillaceous  mold 
Drained  by  Toughnioga  r.  and  its  branches.  It 
:  9  stores,  cap.  $115,000  ;  1  furnace,  3  fuiling 
1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  9  saw  m.  Can  in 
nufac.  $20,850.    41  sch.  1,717  scholars.     Poo. 


m. 

manu! 
3,799. 
Cortland  Village,  p-v.,  in  Cortlandville  t.. 


is  situated  on  the  Toughnioga  r.,  and  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  county  clerk's  office,  4  church- 
es—1  Presbyterian,   1  Baptist,   1  Methodist,  and 

I  Universalist — 12  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1 
paper  m.,  2  tanneries,  200  dwellings,  and  about 
1,200  inhabitants.  The  situation  is  pleasant,  the 
houses  are  generally  neat,  and  some  of  them  ele- 
gant. 

Cortoise,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  703. 

Cortsville,  p-o.,  Clark  co.,  O.,  54  w.  Colum- 
bus, 449  W. 

Corunna,  p-v.,  capital  of  Shiawassee  co., 
Mich.,  79  n.  w.  Detroit,  582  W.  Situated  on 
Shiawassee  r.,  which  affords  good  water  power. 
It  has  a  court  house,  1  store,  1  flouring  m.,  and  1 
saw  m.  In  the  immediate  vicinity  are  beds  of 
stone  coal,  lime  and  sandstone  ;  the  last  suitable 
for  the  manufacture  of  glass. 

Corydon,  p-t.,  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  233  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  317  W.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $700 ; 
10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $24,000.  1  sch.  60 
scholars.    Pop.  246. 

Corydon,  p-v.,  capital  of  Harrison  co.,  la.,  126 
s.  Indianapolis,  623  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  bank 
of  Indian  cr.,  which  flows  into  the  Ohio.  It  con- 
tains a  large  stone  court,  house,  a  jail,  2  churches 
— 1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist — 7  stores,  100 
dwellings,  and  about  700  inhabitants. 

Cosgrove  Hall,  p-o.,  Union  co.,  Pa. 

Coshocton,  county,  O.  Situated  centrally  in 
the  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  562  sq.  ms. 
Watered  by  Killbuck  cr.,  Whitewoman's  cr.,  or 
Walhonding  r.,  and  Tuscarawas  r.  The  two  lat- 
ter unite  at  Coshocton  v.,  to  form  the  Muskingum 
r.  First  settled  in  1807.  Organized  in  1811.  The 
surface  is  uneven,  but  the  hills  are  arable,  and 
the  valleys  on  the  rivers  exceedingly  fertile. 
There  are  salt  wells,  mineral  coal,  and  iron,  and 
lead  ore  in  the  co.  Capital,  Coshocton.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  15,869,  sheep  31,967, 
swine  27,905 ;  wheat  319,755  bush,  produced, 
rye  8,667,  Ind.  corn  463,898,  buckwheat  12,988, 
oats  186,597,  potatoes  57,656 ;  38  stores,  cap. 
$54,890  ;  1  furnace,  11  tanneries,  4  distilleries,  4 
flouring  m.,  10  grist  m.,  26  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1 
printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $90,130.  14  sch.  484  scholars.  Pop. 
1830,  11,162;  1840,21,590. 

Coshocton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Coshocton  co.,  O.. 
83  e.  n.  e.  Columbus,  337  W.  Situated  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Walhonding  and  Tuscarawas 
rivers,  on  the  s.  E.  side,  at  the  head  of  the  Mus- 
kingum r.  It  is  laid  out  on  4  terraces  of  land, 
each  rising  9  feet  above  the  other,  the  first  three 
about  400  feet  wide,  and  the  last  1,000  feet.  It 
is  regularly  laid  out,  with  streets  running  at  right 
angles  with  each  other,  and  dividing  the  v.  into 
36  blocks  of  400  feet  square,  each  divided  into  8 
lots.  It  contains  a  brick  court  house,  a  jail,  and 
a  large  steam  flouring  and  saw  m.  There  are  in 
the  t.  6  stores,  cap.  $7,600 ;  1  tannery,  1  printing 
office,  1  weekly  paper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,930. 
Pop.  625. 

Cossawago,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1 
store,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$4,600.    7  sch.  300  scholars.     Pop.  1,269^ 

Cosmopoli,  p-o.,  Pickaway  co.,  O.,  25  s.  Co- 
lumbus, 396  W. 

Cote  Sans  Dessein,  p-v.,  Callaway  co.,  Mo., 

II  e.  by  N.  Jefferson  city,  935  W.  Situated  on 
the  n.  bank  of  Missouri  r.,  a  little  below,  and  op- 
posite the  entrance  of  Osage  r.  It  is  the  site  of 
an  old  French  village,  and  derives  its  name  from 
an  isolated  hill  on  the  river  bank.  The  t.  has  3 
sch.  60  scholars.     Pop.  609. 

Cotile,  p-o.,  Rapides  par.,  La.,  319  N.  w.  by 
w.  New  Orleans,  1,238  W. 


cov 


155 


COV 


Cottage,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  48  w.  n. 
w.  Annapolis,  8  W. 

Cottage  Grove,  p-o.,  Dane  co.,  Wis.,  21  Mad- 
ison, 849  W. 

Cottage  Grove,  p-o.,  Clark  co.,  la. 

Cottage  Home,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.  C. 

Cotton,  t.,  Switzerland  co.,  la.     Pop.  1,450. 

Cotton  Gin,  p-o.,  Lauderdale  co.,  Ala.,  145  n. 
Tuscaloosa,  754  W. 

Cotton  Gin  Port,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Miss., 
180  n.  e.  Jackson,  905  W.  Situated  on  the  e. 
side  of  the  Tombigbee  r.,  immediately  below  the 
junction  of  the  e.  and  w.  branches,  at  the  head 
of  navigation. 

Cotton  Grove,  p-o.,  Davidson  co.,  N.  C,  102 
w.  Raleigh,  359  W. 

Cotton  Grove,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  Tenn.,  137 
w.  s.  w.  Nashville,  821  W. 

Cotton  Hill,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  Ga. 

Cotton  Plant,  p-o.,  Tippah  co.,  Miss.,  202  n. 
n.  e.  Jackson,  874  W. 

Cotton  River,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,  Ga.,  72  w.  by 
N.  Milledgeville,  676  W. 

Cottonville,  p-v.,  Marshall  co.,  Ala.,  109  n. 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  706  W. 

Cottrelville,  t.,  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.  It  has 
3  stores,  cap.  $3,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $25,500.  Population, 
602. 

Cotuit  Village,  p-v.,  Barnstable  co.,  Ms.,  68 
s.  s.  e.  Boston,  469  W. 

Coudersport,  p-v.,  capital  of  Potter  co.,  Pa, 
170  n.  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  280  W.  Situated  on  the 
N.  side  of  Alleghany  r.  It  has  2  public  squares, 
one  on  which  stands  the  court  house  ana  other 
public  buildings,  and  1  for  an  academy  ;  3  church- 
es— 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist — 4 
stores,  25  dwellings,  ana  140  inhabitants. 

Coultersville,  p-o.,  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  213  w. 
by  n.  Harrisburg,  255  W. 

Councill's  Store,  p-o.,  Ashe  co.,  N.  C,  224 
w.  by  n.  Raleigh,  388  W. 

County  Line,  p-o.,  Niagara  co.,  N.  Y.,  272  w. 
by  n.  Albany,  415  W. 

County  Line,  p-o.,  Davies  co.,  N.  C,  146  w 
Raleigh,  364  W. 

County  Line,  p-o.,  Campbell  co.,  Ga.,  117  w 
N.  w.  Milledgeville,  712  W. 

County  Line,  p-o.,  Chambers  co.,  Ala.,  151  E. 
by  s.  Tuscaloosa,  788  W. 

County  Line,  p-o.,  Scott  co.,  Miss.,  60  e. 
Jackson,  957  W. 

Coursenville,  p-v.,  Stillwater  t.,  Sussex  co., 
N.  J.,  83  n.  Trenton,  252  W.  It  is  situated  5  s. 
w.  Newton,  the  capital  of  the  co.,  and  contains  1 
store  and  6  or  8  dwellings. 

Courtableau,  river,  La.,  after  a  course  of  35 
ms.  flows  into  the  Atchafalaya  r. 

Courtesy,  p-o.,  Floyd  co.,  Ga.,  154  s.  w.  by 
w.  Milledgeville,  679  W. 

Courtland,  p-v.,  Lawrence  co.,  Ala.,  119  w. 
Tuscaloosa,  759  W. 

Courtwright,  p-v.,  Bloom  t.,  Fairfield  co., 
O.,  20  s.  e.  Columbus,  335  W. 
Coushohocken,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa. 
Cove  Creek,  p-o.,  Benton  co.,  Ala.,  131  e.  s. 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  724  W. 

Coventry,  p-t.,  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  54  n.  by  e. 
Montpelier,  566  W.  Watered  by  Barton  and 
Black  rivers,  which  enter  into  Lake  Memphre- 
magog,  and  afford  good  water  power.    The  n. 

Eart  of  the  t.  lies  on  the  lake.  Chartered  in  1785, 
ut  not  settled  until  1800.  The  soil  is  generally 
fertile,  consisting  of  a  deep  rich  loam.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $16,000;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,500.  7 
sch.  300  scholars.    Pop.. 786. 


Coventry  Gore,  a  small  strip  of  unincorpo- 
rated land,  Orleans  co.,  Vt.     Pop.  10. 

Coventry,  t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  12  I 
Haverhill,  70  n.  n.  w.  Concord.  Watered  by 
branches  of  Wild  Amonoosuck  r.  and  Oliverian 
brook.  The  surface  is  rough  and  moontainotu. 
Moosehillock  mountain,  4,636  feel  above  tide  \sa- 
ter,  is  in  the  s.  e.  part  of  the  t.  Chartered  in 
1764.     It  has  1  grist  m..  'A  saw  in.     Cap.  IT)  man- 


ufac. $2,600.    6  sch.  175  scholars.    Pop.  413. 

p-t,  Tolland  co.,  Ct.,  17 
ford,  353  W.    The  surface  is  uneven,  and  the 


Coventry,  p-t.,  Tolland  co.,  Ct.,  17  e.  Hart- 


soil  a  gravelly  loam.     Willimantic  r.  runs  <>n  its 
e.  border,  and  Hop  r.  on  its  s.  border,  furnishing 

?;ood  water  power,  which  has  been  improved, 
ncorporated  in  171 1 .  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $9, 100 ; 
3  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  2  cotton  fac.  830  sp., 
2  tanneries,  1  paper  fac,  3  grist  m.,  6  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $196,137.  1 1  sch.  577  scholars. 
Pop.  2,018. 

Coventry,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.  Situated  on 
Tioga  r.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  gravelly  loam 
and  clay.  Exports  lumber.  Coal  and  iron  ore 
abound.  The  village  is  on  the  e.  bank  of  Tioga  r. 
There  are  in  the  t.  15  stores,  cap.  $20,000 ;  1 
forge,  1  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  7 
grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1 1  sch.  385  scholars. 
Pop.  2,620. 

Coventry,  p-t.,  Kent  co.,  R.  I.,  13  s.  w.  Provi- 
dence, 395  W.  Watered  by  Flat  r.  and  the  s. 
branch  of  the  Pawtuxet  r.,  affording  extensive 
water  power,  which  has  been  improved  in  ex- 
tensive manufacturing.  The  surface  is  rough, 
and  the  soil,  sand  or  gravelly  loam,  adapted  to 
grazing.  Incorporated  in  1742.  It  has  14  stores, 
cap.  $14,300  ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  14  cot- 
ton fac.  24,612  sp.,  9  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $393,800.  13  sch.  289  scholars.  Pop. 
3,433. 

Coventry,  p-t.,  Chenango  co.,  N.  Y.,  114  w. 
s.  w.  Albany,  320  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
broken,  and  the  soil  sandy  loam,  adapted  to 
grass.  Watered  by  Harper's  and  Kelsey's 
creeks,  branches  of  the  Susquehanna  r.  The  v. 
contains  2  churches,  2  stores,  40  dwellings,  and 
about  200  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  town,  2 
stores,  cap.  $6,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  4 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,150.  15  sch.  699 
scholars.    Pop.  1,681. 

Coventry,  t.,  Summit  co.,  O.  It  has  5  sch. 
186  scholars.    Pop.  1,308. 

Coventryville,  p-v.,  Coventry  t.,  Chenango 
co.,  N.  Y.,  114  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  320  W.  It  con- 
tains 1  church,  1  store,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  and 
15  or  20  dwellings. 

Covert,  p-t.,  Seneca  co.,  N.  Y.,  176  w.  Alba- 
ny, 309  W.  The  surface  is  elevated  and  level, 
and  the  soil  fertile.  Drained  by  several  small 
streams  which  flow  into  Cayuga  lake.  This  lake 
lies  on  its  e.  boundary.  Organized  in  1817.  The 
v.  contains  1  store,  and  6  or  8  dwellings.  There 
are  in  the  t.,  1  store,  cap.  $6,000 ;  1  tannery,  4 
saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,000.  12 
sch.  422  scholars.     Pop.  1,563. 

Cove  Spring,  p-o.,  Ralls  co.,  Mo.,  91  n.  n.  e. 
Jefferson  city,  915  W. 

Covesville,  p-v.,  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  92  n.  w. 
by  w.  Richmond,  142  W.  It  contains  1  Presby- 
terian church,  1  store,  1  tannery,  and  about  30 
inhabitants. 

Coveville,  p-o.,  Northumberland  t.,  Saratoga 
co.,  N.  Y.,  33  n.  by  e.  Albany,  403  W. 

Covington,  county,  Ala.  Situated  in  the  s. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,664  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Conecuh  r.  and  its  branches,  and 
Yellow  Water  and  Pea  rivers.  The  soil  is  of  an 
inferior  quality.     Capital,  Montezuma.    There 


156 


COX 


COV 

^-^nrn^t^Tttle  17,532,  sheep  693,  swine  I  ment  of  the  streets,  it  appears  like  a  continuation. 

8  573     Inf  com  47?  6  bu  h.  produced,  potatoes   Newport  lies  on  the  opposite  sxde  of  the  Licking. 
g'^'riwl^po^8'  cotton  30,305;  2  stores,!  Covington  contains  6  cWhes-1  Presbytenan, 
cap.  '#11,200;  10  grist  m,   8 1  saw m.    Cap.  in 
manufac.   .$14,8(50.     4  sch.   59  scholars      Pop. 
1830,  1,522  ;  1840,  whites  2,055,  slaves  371,  free 
col'd'  9';  total,  2,435.  . 

Covington,  county,  Miss.  Situated  in  the 
s  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  960  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  branches  of  Leaf  r.,  a  tributary  of  the 
Pasca^oula  r.  The  soil  for  the  most  part  is  rather 
sterile"  and  covered  with  light  and  open  pine 
woods.  There  are  some  portions  of  good  land. 
Capital,  Williamsburg.  There  were  in 1  1840, 
neat  cattle  10,102,  sheep  1,3Sd,  swine  11/65; 
wheat  2,278  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  94,977, 
oats  3,490,  potatoes  20,638,  rice  11,755  pounds, 
cotton  504,266;  7  stores,  $22,200;  2  tanneries,  8 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $22,450.     1 


lead.' 30  students,  3  sch.  76  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 
2,551 ;  1840,  whites  1,861,  slaves  855,  free  col  d 
1;  total,  2,717.  ; 

Covington,  p-t.,  Wyoming  co.,  N.  Y.,  241  w. 
by  n.  Albany,  359  W.  The  t.  was  divided  on 
the  erection  'of  Wyoming  co.,  in  1841,  and  the  N. 
half  still  belongs  to  Genesee  co.  by  the  name  of 
Pavilion.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  the  soil  a 
productive  clay  loam.  The  v.  contains  1  church, 
1  store,  and  15  or  20  dwellings.  There  are  in 
the  t,  2  stores,  cap.  $8,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tan- 
neries, 2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$10,500.     17  sch.  604  scholars.     Pop.  2,438. 

Covington,  p-b.,  Covington  t.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa., 
133  N.  Harrisburg,  218  W.  Situated  on  a  branch 
of  Tioga  cr.  Incorporated  in  1831.  It  has  30  or 
40  dwellings.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $16,500;  1 
tannery,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$14,850.    1  sch.  45  scholars.    Pop.  940. 

Covington,  t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.  Drained  by 
the  Lehigh  r.,  which  runs  on  its  s.  e.  and  s. 
boundary.  It  contains  the  v.  of  Stoddartsville  at 
the  great  falls  of  the  Lehigh.  It  has  extensive 
water  power,  and  contains  1  store,  cap.  $4,000 ; 
1  flouring  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,450. 
Pop.  596. 

Covington,  p-v.,  capital  of  Alleghany  co.,  Va., 
196  w.  Richmond,  233  W.  Situated  on  Jackson's 
r.,  near  the  junction  of  Potts  cr.,  where  the  west- 
ern navigation  of  James  r.  and  its  branches  ter- 
minates. It  has  a  court  house,  jail,  and  other 
county  buildings,  3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1 
Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist — an  academy,  about 
60  dwellings,  many  of  them  of  brick  and  hand- 
some, 3  stores,  and  a  number  of  mechanic  shops, 
and  about  300  inhabitants.  Its  situation  among 
the  mountains  is  beautiful  and  romantic. 

Covington,  p-v.,  Richmond  co.,  N.  C,  123  s. 
w.  Raleigh,  397  W. 

Covington,  p-v.,  capital  of  Newton  co.,  Ga., 
61  N.  w.  Milledgeville,  648  W.  Situated  3*  E.  of 
Yellow  r.,  a  branch  of  the  Ockmulgee  r.  It  has 
a  court  house,  jail,  3  churches,  and  an  academy. 
Two  ms.  n.  of  this  place  is  Emery  College,  under 
the  direction  of  the  Methodists.  It  was  founded 
in  1837,  has  a  president  and  4  professors,  or  other 
instructors,  ana  35  students. 

Covington,  p  v.,  capital  of  St.  Tammany  par., 
La.,  45  n.  New  Orleans,  1,127  W.  Situated  on  a 
small  r.  which  flows  into  Lake  Pontchartrain.  It 
contains  a  court  house,  and  several  dwellings. 

Covington,  p-v.,  Tipton  co.,  Tenn.,  185  w.  s. 
w.  Nashville,  868  W.  Situated  on  a  branch  of 
Big  Ilatchy  r. 

Covington,  city,  p-v.,  Kenton  co.,  Ky.,  85  s. 
E.  Frankfort,  493  W.  Situated  on  the  Ohio  r.,  at 
the  mouth  of  Licking  cr.,  on  its  w.  side,  directly 


opposite  to  Cincinnati,  of  which,  from  the  arrange- 1  s.  e.  Raleigh,  344  W 


Covmgtor. 

1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  1  Universalist,  1  Roman 
Catholic,  and  1  Christian  or  Campbellite — 4 
academies  or  high-schools,  18  stores,  and  800 
dwellings.  It  has  a  branch  of  the  Northern  Bank 
of  Kentucky,  9  tobacco  manufactories,  the  largest 
mill  for  rolling  iron  in  the  West,  1  cotton  fac,  2 
fulling  m.,  1  bagging  and  rope  fac,  2  slaughter- 
houses which  pack  60,000  hogs  annually.  The 
Western  Baptist  Theological  Institute  is  located 
here.    Pop.  2,026. 

Covington,  p-v.,  Newbury  t,  Miami  co.,  O., 
77  w.  Columbus,  469  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  E. 
bank  of  Stillwater  r.,  opposite  the  entrance  of 
Greenville  cr.  It  is  elevated  60  feet  above  the 
r.,  and  contains  5  stores,  various  mechanic  shops, 
and  about  60  dwellings.    Pop.  331. 

Covington,  p-v.,  capital  of  Fountain  co.,  la., 
74  w.  N.  w.  Indianapolis,  645  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  bank  of  Wabash  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house  and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Cowansville,  p-v.,  Rowan  co.,  N.  C,  134  w. 
Raleigh,  371  W. 

Cowan,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch.  17 
scholars.    Pop.  432. 

Cow  Creek,  p-o.,  Saline  co.,  Mo.,  72  n.  w. 
Jefferson  city,  997  W. 

Cowingshannock,  p-o.,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa., 
187  w.  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  235  W. 

Cowlesville,  p-o.,  Bennington  t.,  Wyoming 
co.,  N.  Y.,  268  w.  Albany,  374  W. 

Cowpasture,  r.,  Va.,  a  branch  of  James  r. 
from  the  n. 

Cowper  Hill,  p-o.,  Robeson  co.,  N.  C,  113 
s.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  405  W. 

Cowpens,  p-o.,  Spartanburg  dist.,  S.  C,  117 
N.  w.  Columbia,  458  W.  Situated  between  Pa- 
colet  and  Broad  rivers.  In  this  vicinity  the 
Americans,  under  Gen.  Morgan,  defeated  the 
British,  under  Col.  Tarleton,  Jan.  11th,  1781,  in 
which  the  American  loss  in  killed,  wounded,  and 
prisoners,  was  72,  and  the  British,  800. 

Coweta,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  532  sq.  ms.  Chatta- 
hoochee r.  runs  on  its  n.  w.  boundary,  and  Flint 
r.  on  its  e.  border.  Drained  by  New  r.  and 
White  Oak  and  Cedar  creeks.  Capital,  Newnan. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  11,150,  sheep 
5,592,  swine  2,396  ;  wheat  55, 147  bush,  produced, 
rye  630,  Ind.  corn  371,753,  barley  106,  oats 
24,735,  potatoes  9,117,  tobacco  5,275  pounds, 
cotton  4,556,905  ;  14  stores,  cap.  72,000  ;  6  tanne- 
ries, 2  distilleries,  17  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.,  1  print- 
ing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $8,640.  6  acad.  237  students,  8  sch.  204 
scholars.  Pop.  1833,  5,003;  1840,  whites  7,263, 
slaves  3,078,  free  col'd  23;  total,  10,364. 

Coxsackie,  p-t.,  Greene  co.,  N.  Y.,  22  s.  Al- 
bany, 12  n.  Catskill,  347  W.  The  surface  is 
level  on  the  e.,  but  hilly  and  broken  on  the  w. ; 
soil,  clay,  and  sandy  loam.  The  Hudson  runs 
on  its  e.  border.  Drained  by  a  few  small  streams, 
flowing  into  the  Hudson.  The  v.  is  1  m.  w.  of 
the  landing  on  Hudson  r.,  and  contains  1  Dutch 
Reformed  church,  15  stores,  1  tannery,  80  dwell- 
ings, and  about  500  inhabitants.  There  are  in 
the  t.,  3  com.  houses,  cap.  $58,000 ;  31  stores, 
cap.  $97,600 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  printing 
office,  1  weekly  paper,  6  grist  m.,  6  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $78,260.  1  acad.  54  students, 
12  sch.  394  scholars.    Pop.  3,539. 

Cox's  Creek,  p-o.,  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  175  e. 
Nashville,  520  W. 
Cox's  Store,  p-o.,  Sampson  co.,  N.  C,  114  s. 


CRA 


157 


CRA 


Crab  Bottom,  p-o.,  Pendleton  co.,  Va.,  173 
N.  w.  Richmond,  189  W. 

Crab  Orchard,  p-v.,  Lincoln  co.,  Ky.,  62  s. 
s.  e.  Frankfort,  575  W.  It  contains  1  church,  an 
academy,  and  about  3lX)  inhabitants. 

Crab' Run,  p-o.,  Pendleton  co.,  Va.,  151  n.  w. 
Richmond,  178  W.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m., 
and  some  mechanics. 

Cracker's  Neck,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Ga. 

Crafton,  p-v.,  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  167  s.  w. 
by  w.  Richmond,  242  W.  It  contains  7  dwell- 
ings, and  several  mechanic  shops. 

Vk  aftsbury,  p-t.,  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  33  n.  by 
E.  Montpelier,  549  W.  Watered  by  Black  r., 
which  (lows  x.  into  Lake  Memphremagog,  and  by 
a  branch  of  the  Lamoille  r.,  which  flows  into 
Lake  Champlain.  The  v.  is  on  elevated  ground, 
commanding  a  fine  prospect,  lies  round  a  public 
green  80  by  24  rods,  ana  is  a  place  of  considera- 
ble business.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $12,000  ,  1 
tannery,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$2,150.  1  acad.  65  students,  10  sch.  356  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,151. 

Craig's  Meadows,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  134 
N.  e.  by  E.  Harrisburg,  228  W. 

Craig,  t.,  Switzerland  co.,  la.  It  has  1  sch. 
35  scholars.     Pop.  1,306. 

Craigsville,  p-o.,  Blooming  Grove  t.,  Orange 
co.,  N.  Y.,  99  w.  by  s.  Albany,  280  W.  It  con- 
tains 1  store,  1  paper  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  plaster  m., 
1  saw  m.,  and  12  or  15  dwellings. 

Cr aim's  Corners,  p-o.,  Warren  t.,  Herkimer 
co.,  N.  Y.,  69  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  380  W. 

Grain's  Creek,  p-o.,  Moore  co.,  N.  C,  76  s. 
w.  Raleigh,  364  W. 

Crainsville,  p-o.,  Hardeman  co.,  Tenn.,  165 
6.  w.  by  w.  Nashville,  165  W. 

Cranberry,  p-v.,  Middlesex  co.,  N.  J.,  22  n. 
e.  Trenton,  188  W.  It  lies  partly  in  South 
Brunswick  t.,  and  partly  in  South  Amboy  t.  The 
surface  is  level,  and  the  soil  light  and  sandy. 
The  village  contains  2  churches,  2  academies,  2 
stores,  a  grist  m.,  2  tanneries,  about  80  dwellings, 
and  500  inhabitants.  Cranberry  brook,  a  tributa- 
ry of  Millstone  r.,  flows  through  the  place. 

Cranberry,  t.,  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  11  s.  w.  But- 
ler. The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  loam  and  clay. 
Watered  by  Glade  run,  and  Breakneck  and 
Brush  creeks.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $2,000 ;  5 
grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,021. 
9  sch.  336  scholars.     Pop.  1,822. 

Cranberry,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  O.  It  has  6 
sch.  285  scholars.     Pop.  679. 

Cranberry,  p-t.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  207  w.  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  287  W.  Alleghany  r.  runs  on 
the  N.  and  w.  border.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $5,000 ; 
4  furnaces,  4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  4  sch.  105  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  942. 

Cranberry  Creek,  p-o.,  Mayfield  t.,  Fulton 
co.,  N.  Y. 

Crandell's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Whitesides  co.,  111., 
170  N.  Springfield,  865  W. 

Crane  Creek,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Mo.,  185  s.  s. 
w.  Jefferson  city,  1,100  W. 

Cranesville,  p-o.,  Amsterdam  t.,  Montgome- 
ry co.,  N.  Y.,  29  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  397  W. 

Cranesville,  p-o.,  Paulding  co.,  O.,  166  n. 
w.  Columbus,  518  W. 

Cranesville,  p-v.,  Daviess  co.,  Mo.  It  has 
in  the  t,  1  sch.  18  scholars.    Pop.  1,269. 

Cranston,  t.,  Providence  co.,  R.  I.,  5  s.  w. 
Providence.  The  soil  is  productive  in  fruits  and 
vegetables  for  the  Providence  market,  but  much 
of  the  surface  is  uneven  and  rough.  Watered 
by  Pawtuxet  and  Powchasset  rivers,  which  afford 
water  power.  It  has  11  stores,  cap.  $8,800;  1 
furnace,  1  fulling  m.,  4  cotton  fac.  3,176  sp.,  2 


dyeing  and  print,  estub.,  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  munufar.  £875.705.  10  acad. 
CH  students,  3  sch.  51  scholars.     Pop.  2.902. 

Craven,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the  s.  E. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,100  sq.  DM. 
Neuse  r.  passes  through  the  co.,  and  enters  into 
a  wide  bay,  which  connects  with  Pamlico  sound. 
The  surface  is  level,  and  often  marshy,  and  the 
soil  is  generally  fertile.  Capital,  New  Berne. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,558,  sheep 
5,68S,  swine  19,222;  wheat  3,639  bush,  produced, 
rye  999,  Ind.  corn  143,835,  outs  8JB58,  |M>tatoes 
5i,864,  rice  18,493  pounds,  cotton  66,833  ;  189,097 
barrels  of  tar,  pitch  and  turpentine ;  60  stores, 
cap.  $390,460 ;  2  tanneries,  2  flouring  m.,  20  grist 
m.,  11  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  news- 
paper. Cap.  in  manufac.  $166,960.  4  acad.  151 
students,  8  sch.  252  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  14,325  ; 
1840,  whites  6,624,  slaves  5,702,  free  col'd  1,112; 
total,  13,438. 

Cravenville,  p-o.,  Craven  co.,  N.  C,  136  s. 
E.  by  e.  Raleigh,  364  W.  Situated  a  little  w.  of 
the  Neuse  r. 

Crawford,  county,  Pa.  Situated  in  the  N. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,016  sq.  ms. 
Watered  by  French  cr.  and  its  branches,  and  by 
Shenango  cr.  Iron  ore  is  found.  Oil  cr.  affords 
bituminous  oil.  It  exports  cattle  and  horses. 
Capital,  Meadville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  30,052,  sheep  43,392,  swine  30,663  ;  wheat 
125,592  bush,  produced,  rye  40,455,  Ind.  corn 
178,400,  buckwheat  52,518,  barley  825,  oats 
224,897,  potatoes  348,252,  sugar  214,417  pounds ; 
62  stores,  cap.  $196,200;  2  furnaces,  11  fulling 
m.,  14  tanneries,  14  distilleries,  1  brewery,  2 
potteries,  3  flouring  m.,  39  grist  m.,  129  saw  m., 
2  oil  m.,  2  paper  fac,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $271,855.  1  col- 
lege, 143  students,  42  sch.  1,037  scholars  Pop. 
1830,  16,067  ;  1840,  31,724. 

Crawford,  county,  Ga.  Situated  w.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  360  sq.  ms. 
Flint  r.  runs  on  its  s.  w.  border,  and  a  branch  of 
Ockmulgee  r.  waters  its  n.  e.  part.  The  soil  is 
sandy,  and  much  of  it  poor.  Capital,  Knoxville. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,024,  sheep 
3,200,  swine  20,953  ;  wheat  19,700  bush,  produ- 
ced, rye  819,  Ind.  corn  1,494,460,  oats  16,328, 
potatoes  2,665,  cotton  4,050,531  pounds  ;  12  stores, 
cap.  $102,800;  11  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $18,700.  9  sch.  279  scholars.  Pop. 
1830,  5,313 ;  1840,  whites  4,412,  slaves  3,568,  free 
col'd  1 ;  total,  7,981. 

Crawford,  county,  O.  Situated  toward  the 
n.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  590  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Sandusky  r.  and  its  tributaries.  The 
surface  is  an  elevated  table  land.  Organized  in 
1826,  but  constituted  in  1820.  Capital,  Bucyrus. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  14,761,  sheep 
14,331,  swine  31,725 ;  wheat  199,270  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  15,057,  Ind.  corn  227,240,  buckwheat 
7,554,  barley  1,541,  oats  153,711,  potatoes  59,290, 
sugar  46,917  pounds ;  12  stores,  cap.  $14,270  ;  7 
tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  brewery,  2  flouring  m., 
15  grist  m.,  30  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices, 
2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,725. 
97  sch.  5,310  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  4,778  ;  1840, 
13,152.  j   .      1 

Crawford,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  8. 
part  of  the  state,  and  has  Ohio  r.  on  its  s.  e.  bor- 
der. It  contains  432  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is 
hilly  and  broken.  Blue  r.  runs  on  its  e.  border. 
Organized  in  1818.  Capital,  Fredoma.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,679,  sheep  4,588, 
swine  8,022  ;  wheat  22,201  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  94,396,  oats  41,362,  potatoes  4,831,  tobacco 
21,100  pounds  ;  14  stores,  cap.  $77,200  ;  2  woollen 


CRA 


153 


CRA 


fac,  3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  flouring  m.,  8  grist 
m  7  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  news- 
paper. Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,000.  8  sch.  310 
scholars.     Pop.  5,282. 

Crawford,  county,  111.  Situated  toward  the 
s.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  426  sq.  rns. 
The  Wabash  r.  runs  on  its  e.  border,  and  Em- 
barrass r.  passes  through  its  s.  w.  part.  Drain- 
ed by  tributaries  of  these  rivers.  It  has  some 
rich  prairies.  Capital,  Palestine.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,757,  sheep  3,837,  swine 
13,924 ;  wheat  15,932  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
301,582,  oats  36,260,  potatoes  5,514,  tobacco 
4,315  pounds,  sugar  5,797;  18  stores,  cap. 
$55,650  ;  4  tanneries,  6  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1  oil 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $21,480.  9  sch.  253  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  4,422. 

Crawford,  county,  Wis.  Situated  in  the  n. 
w.  part  of  the  territory.  It  has  the  Mississippi 
r.  w.,  and  the  Wisconsin  r.  s.  The  surface  is 
hilly  and  mountainous,  with  rich  bottoms  along 
the  streams.  It  abounds  with  excellent  pine 
timber,  and  has  abundant  water  power  for  mills. 
Capital,  Prairie  du  Chien.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  808,  swine  666;  wheat  2,092  bush, 
produced,  Ind.  corn  5,258,  oats  9,299,  potatoes 
7,522 ;  value  of  skins  and  furs,  $27,800  ;  5  stores, 
cap.  $38,000;  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
rnanufac.  $55,000.  2  sch.  42  scholars.  Pop.  1,502. 
Crawford,  county,  Mo.  Situated  s.  e.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state.  It  contains  1,650  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  and  soil  are  various.  Drained  by 
Maramec  r.  and  its  tributaries.  Iron  ore  abounds 
and  is  wrought.  The  Maramec  Iron  Works  are 
supplied  with  water  by  a  large  spring,  which 
discharges  30,000  cubic  feet  of  water  per  minute. 
Capital,  Steelville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  5,464,  sheep  3,851,  swine  12,471  ;  wheat 
14,233  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  180,555,  oats 
16,665,  potatoes  5,134,  tobacco  10,386  pounds, 
cotton  1,122,  sugar  4,954;  11  stores,  cap.  $20,500  ; 
1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  7  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,925.  7  sch.  116  scholars. 
Pop.  1830,  1,712;  1840,  whites  3,377,  slaves  184; 
total,  3,561. 

Crawford,  county,*  Ark.  Situated  in  the  n. 
w.  part  of  the  state.  It  contains  7,800  sq.  ms. 
Watered  by  Arkansas  r.,  which  passes  through 
the  middle  of  it  from  w.  to  e.  The  surface  is 
various,  consisting  of  mountains  and  prairies, 
and  wood  is  found  near  the  streams.  Capital, 
Van  Buren.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
5,860,  sheep  1,783,  swine  12,491  ;  wheat  1,513 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  209,549,  oats  6,366, 
potatoes  9,138,  cotton  12,825  pounds;  5  commer- 
cial and  2  com.  houses,  cap.  $76,000 ;  1  lumber- 
yard, cap.  $600 ;  36  stores,  cap.  $289,200  ;  1  tan- 
nery. Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,300.  3  sch.  61  schol- 
ars. Pop.  1830,  2,440 ;  1840,  whites  3,614  slaves 
618,  free  col'd  34  ;  total,  4,266. 

Crawford,  p-t.,  Orange  co.,  N.  Y.,  92  s.  by 
w.  Albany,  294  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil, 
clay  and  sandy  loam.  Shawangunk  r.  bounds 
it  on  the  n.  w.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $11,300  ;  1 
fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  5  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $24,010.  10  sch.  546 
scholars.   Pop.  2,075. 

Crawford,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.  It  has  3 
sch.  90  scholars.     Pop.  500. 

Crawford,  t,  Coshocton  co.,  O.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $2,50Q.;  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  oil  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $150.    Pop.  1,134. 

Crawford,  p-o.,  Crawford  co..  O.,  84  n.  Co- 
lumbus, 434  W.    Pop.  812. 

Crawford,  t.,  Buchanan  co.,  Mo.    It  has  2 
sch.  53  scholars.    Pop.  930. 
Crawford,  p-v.,  Estill  co.,  Ky.,   98   s.  e. 


Frankfort,  553  W.  Situated  on  the  N.  bank  of 
the  n.  Fork  of  Kentucky  r.,  and  contains  10  in- 
habitants. 

Crawford,  p-o.,  Decatur  co.,  Ga. 

Crawford's  Mills,  p-o.,  Westmoreland  co., 
Pa.,  193  w.  Harrisburg,  219  W. 

Crawfordsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Talliafero 
co.,  Ga.,  62  n.  by  e.  Milledgeville,  604  W.  Sit- 
uated between  Ogeechee  and  Little  rivers.  It 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  2  churches,  1  Bap- 
tist and  1  Methodist,  and  an  academy. 

Crawfordsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Montgomery 
co.,  la.,  45  N.  w.  by  w.  Indianapolis,  616  W. 
Situated  on  the  s.  side  of  Sugar  cr.  It  contains 
a  court  house,  a  U.  S.  land  office,  several  stores 
and  dwellings.  A  macadamized  road  from  In- 
dianapolis to  Lafayette  passes  through  this  place, 
and  another  from  New  Albany  on  the  Ohio, 
terminates  here.  It  is  the  seat  of  Wabash  col- 
lege, founded  in  1833,  which  has  a  president  and 

4  professors,  or  other  instructors,  100  students,  and 
2,000  vols,  in  its  libraries.  The  commencement 
is  on  the  2d  Wednesday  in  July.  There  are  in 
the  t.,  2  acad.  243  students,  4  sch.  127  scholars. 
Pop.   1,327. 

Craytonville,  p-v.,  Anderson  dist.,  S.  C, 
114  w.  n.  w.  Columbia,  542  W. 

Creagerstown,p-v.,  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  88  n 
w.  Annapolis,  56  W. 

Creed's  Bridge,  p-o.,  Princess  Anne  co.,  Va., 
136  s.  e.  by  e.  Richmond,  261  W. 

Creek,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $8,000  ;  3  tanneries,  1  flouring  m.,  6  grist  m., 

5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $25,050.  12  sch. 
566  scholars.    Pop.  2,006. 

Creelsburg,  p-v.,  Russell  co.,  Ky.,  109  s. 
Frankfort,  623  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of 
Cumberland  r. 

Crete,  p-o.,  Will  co.,  HI.,  187  N.  e.  Spring- 
field, 720  W. 

Creighton's  Store,  p-o.,  Brunswick  co.,  Va., 
91  w.  by  s.  Richmond,  207  W. 

Criglersville,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  Va.,  106  n. 
w.  Richmond,  101  W. 

Cripple  Creek,  p-o.,  Greenville  dist.,  S.  C, 
93  n.  w.  by  w.  Columbia,  579  W. 

Crittenden,  county,  Ky .,  taken  from  Livings- 
ton co.,  in  1842.  Situated  in  the  w.  part  of  the 
state,  and  contains  540  sq.  ms.  Drained  by  small 
branches  of  Ohio  and  Cumberland  rivers.  The 
surface  is  level ;  soil,  fertile.     Capital,  Salem. 

Crittenden,  co.,  Ark.,  situated  toward  the  n 
e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  2,100  sq.  miles. 
The  Mississippi  runs  on  its  e.  border.  The  sur- 
face is  level,  and  liable,  to  a  considerable  extent, 
to  be  overflowed.  The  soil  is  highly  productive, 
where  it  is  sufficiently  elevated  for  cultivation. 
Capital,  Marion.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 3,774,  sheep  76,  swine  4,529 ;  Indian  corn 
69,669  bushels  produced,  cotton  2,320  pounds; 
mercantile  cap.  $17,294  ;  6  grist  m.  Pop.  1830. 
1,272 ;  1840,  whites  196,  slaves  454,  free  col'd  11  ; 
total,  1,561. 

Crittenden,  p-v.,  Grant  co.,  Ky.,  60  n.  n.  e. 
Frankfort,  518  W. 

Crittenden,  v.,  Clarke  co.,  Ark.,  82  s.  w. 
Little  Rock. 

Crockett's,  p-o.,  Davidson  co.,  Tenn.,  15  e. 
Nashville,  699  W. 

Crockettsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Russell  co., 
Ala.,  182  e.  s.  E.  Tuscaloosa,  769  W.  It  has  a 
court  house  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Croghan,  t.,  Lewis  co.,  N.  Y.,  141  n.  w.  Al- 
bany. The  surface  is  hilly  and  mountainous; 
soil,  various,  but  fertile  in  the  valleys. 

Croghan,  p-o.,  Putnam  co.,  O.,  110  N.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 475  W. 


CRO 


159 


CUB 


Crogansvillk,  v.,  is  a  suburb  of  Pittsburg,  Pa., 
without  the  city  limits,  on  the  road  to  Philadel- 
phia. 

Crooked  Creek,  p-o.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  153  n. 
Harrisburg,  263  W. 

Crooked  Creek,  p-o.,  Stokes  co.,  N.  C,  129 
w.  N.  w.  Raleigh,  309  W. 
Crooked  Creek,  p-o.,  Talladega  co.,  Ala. 
Crooked  Creek,  p-t.,  Carroll  co.,  Ark.,  205 
N.  n.  w.  Little  Rock,  1,131  W.    It  has  2  sch.  50 
scholars.    Pop.  664. 

Crooked  Creek,  p-o.,  Steuben  co.,  la.,  182 
N.  n.  e.  Indianapolis,  553  W. 

Crooked  Creek,  p-o.,  Clinton  co.,  HI.,  104  s. 
Springfield,  779  W. 

Crooked  Hill,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  75 
E.  Harrisburg,  168  W. 

Crooked  Lake,  in  Steuben  and  Yates  cos.,  N. 
Y.,  is  18  miles  long,  and  from  1  to  H  wide.  The 
land  rises  from  its  shores  to  a  considerable  height, 
presenting  beautiful  and  picturesque  scenery. 
The  n.  part  is  divided  into  2  branches,  separated 
by  Bluff  Point,  a  promontory  800  feet  high, 
which  runs  a  considerable  distance  between  the 
parts  of  the  lake.  The  outlet  has  a  fall  of  270 
feet  in  7  miles,  and  affords  excellent  water  power. 
It  flows  into  Seneca  lake.  A  canal  connects  this 
with  Seneca  lake,  and  thence  with  the  Erie  canal. 
Crooked  River,  t.,Ray  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  631. 
Cromwell,  t.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $3,000  ;  3  furnaces,  1  forge,  2  grist  m., 
3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,755.  1  sch.  21 
scholars.    Pop.  1,140. 

Cropwell,  p-o.,  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala.,  109  n.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  745  W. 

Crosby,  t.,  Hamilton  co.,  O.  It  has  3  sch.  89 
scholars.     Pop.  1,876. 

Crosbyville,  p-v.,  Chester  dist.,  S.  C,  72  n. 
Columbia,  476  W. 

Cross  Anchor,  p-o.,  Spartanburg  dist.,  S.  C, 
84  n.  w.  Columbia,  482  W. 

Crossanville,  p-v.,  Jackson  t.,  Perry  county, 
Ohio. 

Cross  Creek,  t.,  Jefferson  co..  O.,  situated  on 
the  w.  side  of  Great  Miami  r.  It  is  well  watered 
by  small  streams,  and  highly  cultivated.  It  has 
1  store,  cap.  $800 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  flouring  m.,  4 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,800.  6  sch.  320 
scholars.     Pop.  1,707. 

Cross  Creek  Village,  p-o.,  Washington  co., 
Pa.,  229  w.  Harrisburg,  256  W. 
Cross  Cut,  p-o.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa. 
Cross  Hill,  p-o.,  Laurens'  dist.,  S.  C,  69  w. 
N.  w.  Columbia,  517  W. 

Crossingville,  p-v.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  249 
N.  w.  by  w.  Harrisburg,  322  W. 

Cross  Keys,  p-v.,  Gloucester  co.,  N.  J.,  46  s. 
by  w.Trenton,  156  W. 

Cross  Keys,  p-o.,  Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  123 
N.  w.  Richmond,  138  W. 

Cross  Keys,  p-o.,  Union  dist.,  S.  C,  69  n.  w. 
Columbia,  517  W. 

Cross  Keys,  p-o.,  De  Kalb  co.,  Ga.,  100  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  674  W. 
Cross  Keys,  p-o.,  Livingston  co.,  Ky. 
Cross  Keys,  p-o.,  Macon  co.,  Ala.,  142  s.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  809  W. 

Cross  Keys,  p-o.,  Roane  co.,  Tenn.,  147  e.  s. 
E.Nashville,  558 W. 

Cross  Plains,  p-o.,  Robertson  co.,  Tenn.,  34 
N.  w.  Nashville,  696  W. 

Cross  Plains,  p-o.,  Ripley  co.,  la.,  78  s.  E. 
Indianapolis,  553  W. 

Cross  Plains,  p-o.,  Callaway  co.,  Mo.,  38  n. 
e.  Jefferson  city,  917  W. 

Cross  Plains,  p-o.,  Murray  co.,  Ga.,  194  N.  w. 
Milledgeville,  615  W. 


Cross  River,  j>-o.,  Lewisborough  t.,  West- 
cherter  co.,  N.  Y.,  172  s.  Albany,  275  VV. 

Cuoss  Roads,  p-o.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  37  s.  Harris- 
burg, 103  W. 

Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  O.,  53  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 434  W. 

Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  161  w. 
by  s.  Richmond,  236  W. 

Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Cobb  co.,  Ga.,  106  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  684  W. 

Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Gasconade  co.,  Mo.,  16  s.  E. 
Jefferson  city,  952  W. 

Crossville,  p-o.,  Forsyth  co.,  Ga.,  120  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  640  W. 

Crossville,  p-o.,  Bledsoe  co.,  Tenn.,  Ill  s.  E. 
Nashville,  570  W. 

Cross  wicks,  p-v.,  Chesterfield  t.,  Burlington 
co.,  N.  J.,  8  s.  s.  e.  Trenton,  174  W.  It  is  situ- 
ated on  the  high  s.  bank  of  Crosswick's  cr.  It  has 
a  large  Friends  church,  6  stores,  1  saw  m.,  1  griat 
m.,  50  dwellings,  and  about  300  inhabitants. 

Crowder's  Creek,  p-o..  Lincoln  co.,  N.  C, 
196  w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  433  W. 

Crowley's,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Ark.,  182  n.  e. 
Little  Rock,  1,027  W. 

Crow  Meadows,  p-o.,  Marshall  co.,  111.,  92  n. 
Springfield,  785  W. 

Crown  Point,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  N.  Y.,  106  n. 
by  e.  Albany,  478  W.  It  has  Lake  Champlain 
on  its  E.  border,  and  near  it  the  land  is  level  j  but 
toward  the  w.  it  is  mountainous.  The  soil  is 
clay  loam.  Drained  by  Putnam's  cr.,  and  other 
small  streams.  Here  are  the  ruins  of  an  old  fort, 
much  celebrated  by  important  events  in  the  French 
and  revolutionary  wars.  They  are  situated  on  a 
point  of  land,  projecting  into  Lake  Champlain,  in 
the  n.  E.  angle  of  the  town ;  and  are  an  object  of 
interest  to  the  traveller,  not  only  from  their  his- 
torical associations,  but  for  the  beautiful  scenery 
by  which  they  are  surrounded.  The  v.  contains 
1  church,  1  store,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  plaster 
m.,  and  12  or  15  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t. 
6  stores,  cap.  $19,000;  1  furnace,  2  forges,  2  full- 
ing m.,  2  tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  16  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $31,190.  16  sch.  621  scholars.  Pop. 
2,212.      • 

Crown  Point,  p-o.,  capital  of  Lake  county,  la., 
158  n.  n.  w.  Indianapolis,  702  W.  Situated  in 
the  centre  of  Robinson's  Prairie,  15  miles  s.  of 
Lake  Michigan.  It  has  a  court  house,and  several 
dwellings  in  the  vicinity. 

Crowsville,  p-o.,  Spartanburg  dist.,  S.  C,  87 
N.  w.  Columbia,  500  W. 

Croxon,  p-o.,  Bush  Creek  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  O. 
133  e.  by  n.  Columbus,  285  W. 

Croydon,  p-t.,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  H.,  48  n.  w. 
Concord,  482  W.  The  surface  is  somewhat 
rough,  but  the  soil  is  fertile.  Drained  by  Sugar 
r.,  which  affords  good  water  power.  Chartered 
in  1763,  and  settled  3  years  after.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $8,000;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  factory 
tannery,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  7  sch.  410  schola 
Pop.  956. 

Croydon  Flatt,  p-o.,  Sullivan  t.  and  co.,  JN. 
H.,  43  n.  w.  Concord,  477  W. 

Crucifer,  p-o.,  Henderson  co.,  Tenn.,  126  w. 
s.  w.  Nashville,  810  W. 

Crum  Elbow,  p-o.,  Hyde  Park  t.,  Dutchess 
co.,  N.  Y,  69  s.  Albany,  309  W 

Cuba,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y.,  280  w.  by  s. 
Albany,  317  W.  Situated  on  the  line  of  the 
Genesee  Valley  canal,  and  of  the  New  York 
and  Erie  railroad.  The  surface  is  elevated  and 
undulating,  and  the  soil  productive.  The  village 
contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Baptist  church,  10 
stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  clothier  s  works, 
1  tannery,  100  dwellings,  and  about  800  inhabit- 


1 

are. 


CUM 


160 


CUM 


ants  There  are  in  the  t.,  1  furnace,  10  stores, 
cap  $23,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  1  printing 
office  1  weekly  newspaper,  2  grist  m.,  12  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $27,950.  2  sch.  101  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,768. 

Cuba,  p-v.,  Washington  t.,  Clinton  co.,  U.,  7» 
s.  w.  Columbus,  451  W.  . 

Cuba,  p-o.,  Fulton  co.,  111.,  61  n.  w.  Spring- 
field, 827  W.  ."■■;  ■  ■     _; 

Cub  Creek,  p-o.,  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  110  s.  w 
Richmond,  197  W. 
Cub  Hill,  p-o.,  Baltimore  co.,  Md. 
Cuckooville,  p-v.,  Louisa  co.,  Va.,  47  n.  w. 
Richmond,  98  W.  It  contains  1  Reformed  Bap- 
tist or  Campbellite  church,  1  store,  and  several 
mechanic  shops. 

Cuddebackville,  p-o.,  Deerpark  t.,  Orange 
co.,  N.  Y.,  109  s.  by  w.  Albany,  272  W. 

Cuivre,  t.,  Pike  co.,  Mo.  It  has  8  schools,  337 
scholars.    Pop.  2,592. 

Cuivre,  t.,  St.  Charles  co.,  Mo.    It  has  3  sch. 
85  scholars.    Pop.  2,093. 
Cuivre,  t.  Audrain  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  183. 
Culbertson's,  p-o.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  234  w. 
N.  w.  Harrisburg,  292  W. 

Culbreath's,  p-o.,  Columbia  co.,  Ga.,  116  n. 
e.  by  e.  Milledgeville,  590  W. 

Culloden,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Ga.,  68  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville, 723  W. 

Culloden,  p-o.,  Bradley  co.,  Tenn.,  150  s.  E. 
Nashville,  587  W. 

Culpepper,  county,  Va.,  situated  toward  the 
N.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  672  sq.  ms. 
Rappahannock  river  runs  on  its  n.  e.  boundary, 
and  Rapid  Ann  on  its  s.  border.  Drained  by 
Thornton  r.  and  its  branches,  and  by  Mountain 
cr.,  branches  of  the  Rappahannock  r.  The  sur- 
face is  pleasantly  diversified,  and  the  soil  fertile. 
Its  chief  productions  are  grain  and  tobacco. 
Capital,  Fairfax  or  Culpepper  C.  H.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,583,  sheep  15,234,  swine 
19,980;  wheat  122,376  bushels  produced,  rye 
13,739,  Ind.  corn  389,830,  buckwheat  1,709,  oats 
128,136,  potatoes  20,964,  silk  cocoons  199  pounds, 
tobacco  28,591,  cotton  153  ;  23  stores,  capital 
$125,700;  1  furnace,  2  tanneries,  15  distilleries, 
5  flouring  m.,  32  grist  m.,  29  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $78,390.  7  acad.  152  students,  25  sch. 
617  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  24,026;  1840,  whites 
4,933,  slaves  6,069,  free  col'd  491 ;  total,  11,393. 

Culpepper,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  Culpepper  co.,  Va., 
98  n.  n.  w.  Richmond,  82  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  and  clerk's  office,  on  the  public  square, 
a  Presbyterian,  Episcopal,  and  Baptist  church,  a 
masonic  hall,  9  stores,  a  market  house,  2  tan- 
neries, and  various  machanics,  3  select  schools,  1 
printing  office,  and  1  weekly  newspaper. 

Culstia  Creek,  p-o.,  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  166 
N.  E.  Tuscaloosa,  664  W. 

Cumberland,  river,  a  large  river  of  Ky.  and 
Tenn.,  rises  in  Cumberland  mountains,  near  the 
boundary  between  Virginia  and  Kentucky,  and 
pursuing  a  westerly  and  s.  westerly  course,  en- 
ters the  state  of  Tennessee ;  and  after  an  ex- 
tensive sweep  to  the  s.  it  turns  north  west- 
wardly  and  northerly,  and  enters  and  crosses 
Kentucky,  and  enters  the  Ohio  1H  miles  above 
the  mouth  of  the  Tennessee  r.,  and  59  ms.  above 
the  mouth  of  the  Ohio.  The  entire  length  of  the 
river  is  about  600  miles,  and  it  drains  a  territory 
of  17,500  square  miles.  It  is  navigable  for  large 
steamboats  and  vessels  203  ms.,  to  Nashvilfe 
and  for  boats  of  15  tons  300  miles  further.  At 
certain  seasons  of  high  water,  vessels  of  400  tons 
may  descend  the  river,  400  miles,  to  the  Ohio ; 
and,  for  half  its  length,  boats  may  navigate  it  at 
all  seasons.    The  elevation  of  the  sources  above 


the  mouth  of  the  river,  probably,  exceed  1,000 
feet.  It  is  the  second  river  in  size  which  enters 
the  Ohio,  being  inferior  only  to  the  Tennessee. 
Nashville,  an  important  town,  is  on  the  s.  side, 
near  the  extreme  part  of  its  southern  bend.  Be- 
low Nashville  the  river  is  deep  and  narrow. 

Cumberland,  county,  Me.,  situated  in  the  s.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  990  sq.  ms.  The  soil 
is  fertile,  and  it  is  well  cultivated.  It  has  several 
large  ponds,  the  chief  of  which  is  Sebago  pond, 
from  which  a  canal  extends  to  Portland.  This 
county  has  an  important  seacoast,  and  enjoys 
great  facilities  for  commerce.  Capital,  Portland. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  37,536,  sheep 
59,535,  swine  12,033;  wheat  33,921  bushels  pro- 
duced, rye  23,108,  Indian  com  160,551,  buckwheat 
4,060,  barley  59,558,  oats  70,348,  potatoes 
1,139,551,  sugar  7,527  pounds;  43  commercial 
and  commission  houses  in  foreign  trade,  cap. 
$653,500;  429  stores,  cap.  $708,650;  10  lumber 
yards,  cap.  $39,100;  4  furnaces,  15  fulling  m.,  4 
woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  4,000  sp.,  45  tanneries, 
2  distilleries,  1  powder  m.,  7  potteries,  1  flouring 
m.,  60  grist  m.,  94  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  10  printing  of- 
fices, 6  binderies,  2  daily,  7  weekly,  and  3  semi- 
weekly  newspapers,  4  periodicals.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $822,166.  1  college,  150  students,  21  acad. 
2,415  students,  401  sch.  18,660  scholars.  Pop. 
1830,60,113;  1840,68,658. 

Cumberland,  county,  N.  J.,  situated  in  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  524  square  ms. 
Organized  in  1743.  It  has  Delaware  bay  on  the 
s.  s.  w.  Drained  by  Stow  and  Cohansey  crs.,  and 
Maurice  and  Tuckahoe  rivers.  It  contains  iron 
ore  and  beds  of  marl.  A  salt  marsh,  from  half  a 
mile  to  two  miles  wide,  extends  along  Delaware 
bay.  Much  of  the  soil  is  light,  but  some  of  it  is 
fertile.  Capital,  Bridgetown.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  9,756,  sheep  9,310,  swine  8,430 ; 
wheat  42,326  bushels  produced,  rye  21,723,  Ind. 
corn  200,008,  buckwheat  26,849,  oats  134,201, 
potatoes  31,851,  hops  356  pounds,  6  commission 
nouses  in  for.  trade,  cap.  $84,000  ;  32  stores,  cap. 
$131,600;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $1,300;  1  forge, 
1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  4  tanneries,  6  distil- 
leries, 8  glass  fac,  1  pottery,  2  flouring  m.,  23  grist 
m.,  21  saw  m.,  2  paper  fac,  1  printing  office,  1 
bindery,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$467,552.  3  acad.  396  students,  55  sch.  2,912 
scholars.     Pop.  1830,  14,093  ;  1840,  14,374. 

Cumberland,  county,  Pa.,  situated  s.  e.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  544  square  miles. 
Drained  by  Conedogwinet  creek,  and  Yellow 
Breeches  cr.,  both  tributaries  of  the  Susquehanna. 
The  surface  is  moderately  hilly,  and  the  soil 
very  fertile.  It  contains  iron  ore.  Capital,  Car- 
lisle. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  24,204, 
sheep  23,930,  swine  47,235 ;  wheat  567,654  bush, 
produced,  rye  247,239,  Ind.  corn  645,056,  buck- 
wheat 13,772,  barley  11,104,  oats  634,477,  pota- 
toes 121,641,  hops  4,812  pounds;  11  commission 
houses  in  foreign  trade,  cap.  $22,500;  112  stores, 
cap.  $318,146;  13  lumber  yards,  cap.  $42,350; 
6  furnaces,  5  forges,  12  fulling  m.,  9  woollen  foe, 
1  cotton  fac,  31  tanneries,  28  distilleries,  3  brew- 
eries, 1  pottery,  54  flouring  m.,  5  grist  m.,  63  saw 
m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  paper  fac,  5  printing  offices,  2 
binderies,  6  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $390,601.  3  acad.  115  students,  12  sch.  588 
scholars.     Pop.  1830,  29,223;  1840,  30,953. 

Cumberland,  county,  Va.,  situated  s.  e.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  320  sq.  ms. 
Organized  in  1748.  The  Appomattox  river  runs 
on  its  s.  e.  border.  Drained  by  Willis  r.  The 
surface  is  moderately  hilly,  and  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Capital,  Cumberland  C.  H.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  5,855,  sheep  9,507,  swine  10,131 ;  wheat 


CUM 


161 


CUM 


61,247  bushels  produced,  Iud.  corn  247,203,  oats 
121,507,  hops  116  pounds,  tobacco  2,895,930,  cot- 
ton  23,143;  16  stores,  cap.  §163,300;  1  lumber 
yard,  cap.  $1,000;  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  12 
flouring  m.,  15  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $107,475.  15  sch.  263  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 
11,689;  1840,  whites  3,263,  slaves  6,781,  free 
col'd  355 ;  total,  10,399. 

Cumberland,  county,  N.  C,  situated  in  the  s. 

Eart  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,300  square  miles. 
>rained  by  Cape  Fear  river  and  branches.  Sur- 
face, undulating  ;  soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Fayette- 
ville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  14,178, 
sheep  15,164,  swine  28,974 ;  wheat  6,037  bushels 
prod.,  rye  3,019,  Ind.  corn  291,630,  oats  16,577,  po- 
tatoes 02,999,  cotton  459,747  lbs;  51  stores,  cap. 
372, 100 ;  8  cotton  fac.  14,234  sp.,  1  flouring  m.,  90 
grist  m.,  61  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2 
weekly  newspapers.  Capital  in  manufactures 
$384,000.  4  acad.  150  students,  4  sch.  95  schol- 
ars. Pop.  1830,  14,824;  1840,  whites  9,030, 
slaves  5,392,  free  col'd  862 ;  total,  15,284. 

Cumberland,  county,  Ky.,  situated  on  the  s. 
border  of  the  state,  and  contains  270  square  m. 
Cumberland  river  flows  centrally  through  it. 
Surface,  uneven ;  soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Burkes- 
ville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,257, 
sheep  7,437,  swine  37,970 ;  wheat  32,937  bushels 

g reduced,  rye  3,265,  Indian  corn  496,006,  oats 
6,509,  potatoes  18,990,  tobacco  1,480,846  pounds, 
cotton  45,595,  sugar  1,931 ;  6  commission  houses 
in  for.  trade,  cap.  $23,000  ;  11  stores,  cap.  $37,075 ; 
7  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,350.  8  sch.  193  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  4,571,  slaves  1,485,  free  colored  34  ; 
total,  6,090. 

Cumberland,  p-t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  42  s. 
8.  w.  Augusta,  553  W.  It  is  pleasantly  situated 
on  Casco  bay,  which  affords  it  commercial  ad- 
vantages. Organized  from  North  Yarmouth,  in 
1821.     It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $8,000  ;  1  fulling  m., 

1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,350. 
15  sch.  652  scholars.    Pop.  1,616. 

Cumberland,  p-v.,  capital  of  Alleghany  co., 
Md.,  166  w.  n.  w.  Annapolis,  134  W.  Situated 
on  the  n.  bank  of  Potomac  r.,  at  the  mouth  of 
Will's  cr.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a  mar- 
ket house,  a  bank,  5  churches — 1  German  Lu- 
theran, 1  Methodist,  1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal, 
and  1  Roman  Catholic — 3  flouring  m.,  and  2 
printing  offices,  issuing  weekly  newspapers. 
Stone  coal  abounds  in  the  vicinity,  and  is  trans- 
ported down  the  Potomac.  The  Cumberland  or 
national  road,  which  proceeds  w.  to  the  Ohio, 
and  through  the  Western  States,  commences 
here.  The  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  canal  and  the 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  rail  r.  pass  through  this  place. 

Cumberland,  t.,  Adams  co.,  Pa.  Rock  creek 
bounds  it  on  the  e.,  and  Marsh  creek  on  the  w., 
which  unite  a  little  below  the  town.  The  former 
receives  Bear  run,  and  the  latter  Willoughby  run, 
in  the  t.  Gettysburg  b.  lies  in  the  e.  part  of  the 
town.    The  t.  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,800 ;  1  tannery, 

2  distilleries,  3  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m., 
7  sch.  315  scholars.    Pop.  1,217. 

Cumberland,  p-v.,  Guernsey  co.,  Ohio,  93  e. 
Columbus,  314  W.  Situated  on  Buffalo  Fork  of 
Will's  cr.  It  has  3  churches,  4  stores,  and  about 
30  dwellings,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  1  steam 
carding  and  fulling  m. 

Cumberland,  p-v.,  Marion  co.,  la.,  10  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 561  W.  Situated  on  the  national 
road. 

Cumberland,  p-o.,  Fayette  co.,  111.,  87  s.  s.  e. 
Springfield,  735  W. 

Cumberland,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  Cumberland  co., 
Va.,  52  w.  by  s.  Richmond,  142  W.  Situated  on 
21 


a  high  and  healthy  ridge,  between  Willis  r.  and 
Appomattox  r.  It  contains  i  court  house  and 
other  county  buildings,  1  church,  free  to  all  deno- 
minations, 1  store,  and  seven]  mechanics.  Pop. 
30  whites,  60  col'd  ;  total,  90. 

Cumberland,  t.,  Green  co.,  Pa.,  11  k.  Waynes- 
burg.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  loam.  Drained 
by  Muddy  cr.,  a  branch  of  Monongahela  r.  It  con- 
tains the  v.  of  Lisburn.  It  has  2  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  3  distilleries.  H  grist  m., 
10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,195.  1  acad. 
42  students,  4  sch.  94  scholars.    Pop.  1 ,958, 

Cumberland,  t.,  Providence  co.,  R.  I.,  8  n. 
Providence.  Abbott's,  Mill,  and  Peter's  rivers 
afford  good  water  power.  Some  part  of  the  sur- 
face is  hilly,  and  chiefly  adapted  to  grazing  ;  but 
other  parts  are  fertile,  and  well  adapted  to  culti- 
vation. It  supplies  many  articles  for  the  l*ro- 
vidence  market,  and  has  considerable  manufac- 
tures of  cotton  and  wool,  and  boats  are  exten- 
sively built.  It  has  29  stores,  cap.  $41,550;  2 
fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  22  cotton  fac.  59,711 
sp.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  5  grist 
m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $996,419.  1 
acad.  30  students,  27  sch.  1,357  scholars.  Pod. 
5,225.  V 

Cumberland  Ford,  p-o.,  Knox  co.,  Ky.,  135 
s.  E.  Frankfort,  503  W.  Situated  at  the  crossing 
of  the  Great  Western  road,  over  the  Cumberland  r. 

Cumberland  Gap,  p-o.,  Claiborne  co.,  Tenn., 
17  s.  Cumberland  Ford,  233  e.  by  n.  Nashville, 
486  W.  Situated  at  the  passage  of  the  Cumber- 
land mountains.  There  are  several  extensive 
caves  in  the  vicinity,  extending  into  the  states 
of  Virginia  and  Kentucky.  There  are  a  few 
dwellings  in  the  neighborhood.  It  is  a  distribut- 
ing post-office. 

Cumberland  Hill,  p-v.,  Cumberland  t.,  Pro- 
vidence co.,  R.  I.,  16  n.  by  w.  Providence,  419 
W.  Situated  on  the  n.  e.  side  of  Blackstone  r. 
It  contains  a  Baptist  church,  a  bank,  and  several 
neat  dwellings. 

Cumberland  Iron  Works,  p-o.,  Stewart  co., 
Tenn.,  69  n.  w.  Nashville,  754  W.  Situated  on 
the  s.  bank  of  Cumberland  r.,  6  e.  Dover. 

Cumberland,  island,  Camden  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
coast,  15  ms.  long,  and  from  1  to  5  broad. 

Cumberland  Centre,  p-o.,  Cumberland  t. 
and  co.,  Me.,  49  s.  s.  w.  Augusta,  554  W. 

Cumberland  Mountains,  Tenn.  The  range 
commences  in  the  s.  w.  part  of  Pa.,  and  in  Va. 
It  takes  the  name  of  Laurel  mt.,  passes  through 
the  s.  E.  part  of  Ky.  and  Tenn.,  and  terminates 
in  Northern  Alabama. 

Cumberland  Valley,  t.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa., 
situated  between  Evits  mt.  e.  and  Will's  mt.  w. 
Evits  cr.  runs  through  the  t.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$3,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac  $5,190.  2  sch.  46  scholars.  Pop. 
904. 

Cumming,  p-v.,  capital  of  Forsyth  co.,  Ga.,  109 
N.  w.  Milledgeville,  641 W.  Situated  9  w.  Chat- 
tahoochee r.  It  has  a  court  house  and  several 
dwellings. 

Cummings,  p-t.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  Ill  N.Har- 
risburg,  221  W.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $5,000 ;  1 
furnace,  1  forge,  3  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $16,450.   3  sch.  120  scholars.  Pop.  569. 

Cummingsville,  p-o.,  Hamilton  co.,  O.,  121  s. 
w.  Columbus,  497  W. 

Cummington,  p-t.,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  Ill 
w.  Boston,  399  W.  The  surface  is  uneven,  but 
the  soil  is  good  for  grazing.  Watered  by  West- 
field,  river,  which  affords  good  water  power.  In- 
corporated in  1779.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $10,500 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac  650  sp  . 
1  furnace,  3  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  5sawm.    Cap 


CUR 


162 


CUY 


16  sch.  461  scholars. 
111. 


Pop. 


\  p-o.,  Macoupin  co, 

s  W.  Village,  p-v.,  Cummington 


in  manufac.  $31,800 
1,237. 

CrMMINGTOX 

t,CH?4E°cNo;MaS7,Tl¥w  Boston,  400.. 
Situated  on  the  Westfield  r.  It  has  several  man- 
ufactories and  neat  dwellings. 

Cumru,  t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is 
partly  hilly,  and  partly  level ;  ~H,  a  p^uctive 
Calcareous  loam  and  gravel.  Watered  bj, 
Tulpehocken  and  Schuylkill  rivers,  and  their 
tributaries.  It  contains  a  church  common  to 
Lutherans  and  Presbyterians,  and  he  county 
poor  house,  to  which  a  farm  is  attached.  It 
C  1   store,  cap.  $2,500;    1   furnace,  2  forges, 

1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  12  flouring  m •  grist  m 
5  saw  m.     Cap.  m  manufac.   $16,180.      Top. 

2  939 
'  Cunningham's  Store,  p-o.,  Person  co.,  N.  C., 

84  n.  n.  w.  Raleigh,  240  W. 

Cunningham,  p-o.,  Putnam  co.,  U.,  107  n.  w. 
Columbus,  478  W.  _      , 

Cunningham's  Island,  in  the  w.  part  ol  Lake 
Erie,  a  short  distance  north  of  the  entrance  into 
Sandusky  bay.  It  is  of  considerable  extent,  fer- 
tile and  populous,  and  is  a  part  of  the  county  of 
Ottawa.  t     aQ 

Curdsville,  p-o.,  Buckingham  co.,  Va.,  oS  w. 
Richmond,  158  W. 

Cureton's  Store,  p-o.,  Lancaster  dist.,  b.  U., 
82  n.  N.  E.  Columbia,  424  W. 
Curlsville,  p-o.,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa. 
Currahee  Mountain,  p-o.,  Habersham  co., 
Ga.,  126  N.  Milledgeville,  600  W.  Situated  near 
the  base  of  a  mountain  of  the  same  name,  the 
southern  terminus  of  the  Blue  ridge. 

Curraway,  p-o.,  Crawford  co.,  la.,  115  w.  by 
s.  Indianapolis,  646  W. 

Curran,  p-o.,  Gallatin  co.,  111.,  179  s.  s.  e. 
Springfield,  788  W. 

Current,  river,  Mo.  and  Ark.,  rises  in  the 
Ozark  ridge,  and  after  a  southerly  course  of 
about  150  ms.  enters  Black  r. 

Current  River,  t,  Pope  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1 
sch.  25  scholars.    Pop.  358. 

Currey's,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Ky.,  72  w. 
Frankfort,  614  W. 

Currituck,  Island,  Sound  and  Inlet,  Curri- 
tuck co.,  N.  C.  The  island  is  30  ms.  long,  and  2 
broad,  and  encloses  the  sound,  which  is  50  ms. 
long,  and  from  1  to  10  broad,  and  has  no  great 
depth.  The  inlet  is  an  entrance  into  tliis  sound 
between  2  islands. 

Currituck,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the  N. 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  600  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  level,  and  some  part  of  it  is 
marshy.  Currituck  sound  separates  it  into  2 
parts,  and  affords  facilities  for  navigation.  It 
comprehends  the  entire  sea  coast  of  North 
Carolina  from  the  Virginia  line,  to  a  point  20  ms. 
s.  w.  of  Cape  Hatteras,  including  Roanoke  I. 
Capital,  Currituck.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  5,919,  sheep  4,590,  swine  13,220 ;  wheat 
7,685  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  213,595,  oats 
7,084,  potatoes  52,860 ;  400  bush,  salt,  produced. 
5  sch,  117  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  7,654;  1840, 
whites  4,554,  slaves  2,100,  free  col'd  149  ;  total, 
6,703. 

Currituck,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  Currituck  co.,  N.  C, 
242  e.  n.  E.  Raleigh,  270  W.  It  stands  on  the 
w.  side  of  Currituck  sound,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  and  several  dwellings. 

Curreysville,  p-o.,  Sullivan  co.,  la.,  85  s. 
w.  by  w.  Indianapolis,  656  W. 

Curtisville,  p-v.,  Stockbridge  t.,  Berkshire 
co.,  Mass.,  136  w.  Boston,  366  W.  It  has  2  cot- 
ton fac,  1  chair  fac,  and  several  dwellings. 


Curwinsville,  p-v.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  132 
N.  w.  by  w.  Harrisburg,  224  W.  Situated  on 
the  n.  w.  side  of  Anderson's  cr.,  near  its  junc- 
tion with  the  w.  branch  of  Susquehanna  r. 

Cushing,  p-t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  50  s.  E.  Au- 
gusta, 627  W.  It  is  bounded  by  St.  George  r.  e., 
and  the  Atlantic  s.  Incorporated  in  1789.  It 
was  settled  early  by  Irish  emigrants.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $1,500 ;  1  tannery,  1  saw  m.,  6  sch. 
312  scholars.     Pop.  790. 

Cussawago,  p-t.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  246  n.  w. 
by  w.  Harrisburg,  319  W.  It  has  1  store,  1  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,600.  7  sch. 
300  scholars.     Pop.  1,269. 

Cusseta,  p-v.,  Chambers  co.,  Ala.,  172  E.  s.  E. 
Tuscaloosa,  767  W. 

Custards,  p-v.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  240  n.  w. 
by  w.  Harrisburg,  298  W. 

Cutchogue.  p-v.,  Southold  t,  Suffolk  co.,  N. 
Y.,  238  s.  s.  K.  Albany,  218  W.  It  contains  2 
churches,  and  about  40  dwellings. 

Cutiibert,  p-v.,  capital  of  Randolph  Co.,  Ga., 
158  s.  w.  Milledgeville,  814  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Cutler,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.  It  has  the 
Atlantic  ocean  on  the  s.  E.,  and  Machias  bay  w., 
and  has  a  good  harbor.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$3,000  ;  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$10,000.  7  sch.  276  scholars.  Pop.  657. 
Cut  Off,  p-o.,  Walton  co.,  Ga. 
Cuttingsville,  p-v.,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  72  s. 
s.  w.  Montpelier,  466  W. 

Cuyahoga,  river,  O.,  rises  in  the  central  parts 
of  Geauga  co.,  and  runs  southwardly  through 
Portage  co.,  where  it  gradually  turns  and  pro- 
ceeds through  Summit  and  Cuyahoga  counties, 
in  a  direction  N.  N.  w.  to  its  entrance  into  Lake 
Erie,  at  Cleveland.  Its  whole  length  is  over  60 
miles,  and  it  is  one  of  the  most  important  rivers 
in  northern  Ohio.  It  has  a  number  of  falls,  which 
afford  excellent  mill  seats,  and  it  is  less  affected 
by  drought  in  the  summer,  than  most  other 
streams.  The  Ohio  canal  runs  along  the  valley 
of  this  r.,  about  35  miles  to  near  Akron,  and 
crosses  it  in  an  aqueduct  at  Boston,  23  s.  of 
Cleveland. 

Cuyahoga,  county,  O.,  situated  in  the  N. 
part  of  the  state,  is  bounded  n.  by  Lake  Erie. 
It  contains  475  sq.  ms.  Watered  by  Cuyahoga 
and  Rocky  rivers,  which  enter  Lake  Erie.  The 
surface  is  level,  inclining  to  the  n.  ;  soil,  fertile. 
Capital,  Cleveland.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  22,260,  sheep  30,396,  swine  17,669  ;  wheat 
106,580  bush,  produced,  rye  2,104,  Ind.  corn 
180,781,  buckwheat  5,949,  barley  1,016,  oats 
101,398,  potatoes  149,891,  tobacco  2,000  pounds  ; 
28  commission  houses  in  for.  trade,  cap.  $60,000  ; 
93  stores,  cap.  $188,700  ;  3  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$3,000 ;  4  furnaces,  6  fulling  m.,  4  woollen  fac, 
13  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  brewery,  6  flouring 
m.,  15  grist  m.,  70  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  5  printing 
offices,  1  periodical,  1  daily,  4  weekly  newspa- 
pers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $153,982.  6  acad.  188 
students,  168  sch.  7,953  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 
10,360 ;  1840,  26,506. 

Cuyahoga  Falls,  p-v.,  Summit  co.,  O.,  128 
n.  E.  Columbus,  335  W.  This  romantic  and 
pleasant  village  is  situated  on  the  Cuyahoga  r., 
which  here  passes  through  a  deep  channel  in  the 
rocks,  and  by  successive  leaps,  falls  in  a  short 
distance  240  feet,  creating  a  great  water  power, 
which  has  been  considerably  employed  in  mills 
and  manufactories.  The  Pennsylvania  and 
Ohio  canal  passes  through  the  place,  and  unites 
with  the  Ohio  canal  a  few  miles  w.  at  Akron.  In 
the  town  of  Tallmadge,  in  the  immediate  vicinity, 
is  a  bed  of  excellent  bituminous  coal,  which  is 


DAT 


163 


DAL 


extensively  mined.  There  are  in  the  v.,  2 
churches,  a  lyceum,  an  academy,  and  a  consi- 
derable number  of  stores  and  manufactories, 
among  which  those  of  paper  are  very  exten- 
sive. 

Cdyler,  p-o.,  Truxton  t,  Cortland  co.,  N.  Y., 
125  w.  Albany,  337  W. 

Cuylersville,  p-o.,  Livingston  co.,  N.  Y. 

Cvnthiana,  p-v.,  Terry  t.,  Pike  co.,  O.,  75  s. 
Columbus,  429  W. 

Cynthiana,  t,  Shelby  co.,  O.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $500  ;  1  tannery.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,100. 
1  sch.  25  scholars.    Pop.  1,022. 

Cvnthiana,  p-v.,  capital  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky., 


37  n.  E.  Frankfort,  505  W.  Situated  on  E.  side 
of  the  south  fork  of  Licking  r.  It  has  a  court 
house,  jail,  several  stores,  3  sch.  100  scholars. 
Pop.  79S. 

Cvnthiana,  p-v.,  Posey  co.,  la.,  158  s.  w.  In- 
dianapolis, 728  W. 

Cypress,  p-o.,  Union  co.,  Ky.,  233  w.  8.  w. 
Frankfort,  760  W. 

Cypress,  p-o.,  Darlington  dist.,  S.  C,  92  e.  n. 
e.  Columbia,  490  W. 

Cypress  Creek,  p-o.,  Lafayette  co.,  Miss., 
172  n.  n.  e.  Jackson,  899  W. 

Cyruston,  p-v.,  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  97  s. 
Nashville,  726  W. 


D. 


Dabney's  Mills,  p-o.,  Louisa  co.,  Va.,  56  n. 
w.  Richmond,  81  W.  Situated  on  North  Anna  r. 
It  has  1  saw  m.,  1  tannery,  and  several  me- 
chanics. 

Dacheet,  r.,  rises  in  Ark.,  and  flowing  into  La., 
enters  Lake  Bistineau. 

Dacusville,  p-v.,  Pickens  dist.,  S.  C,  129  w. 
N.  w.  Columbia,  524  W. 

Dade,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  n.  w.  cor- 
ner of  the  state,  and  contains  225  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Lookout  cr.,  a  branch  of  Tennessee  r. 
The  surface  is  mountainous,  with  fertile  valleys. 
Capital,  Trenton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  1,545,  sheep  1,013,  swine  5,373;  wheat 
3,940  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  77,810,  oats 
7,547,  potatoes  2,701,  tobacco  1,331  pounds,  cot- 
ton 32,904 ;  8  stores,  cap.  $9,550  ;  3  tanneries,  4 
distilleries,  4  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Pop.  whites 
1,285,  slaves  79  ;  total,  1,364. 

Dade,  county,  Flor.  Situated  on  the  e.  side 
of  the  Peninsula,  on  the  Gulf  of  Florida.  It 
contains  about  500  sq.  ms.  It  has  several  keys 
or  islands  on  the  coast.  Along  the  sea  coast,  the 
land  is  capable  of  cultivation,  and  is  fertile.  In 
the  n.  part  is  the  Everglades,  a  tract  of  grass 
meadow,  covered  from  1  to  6  feet  deep  with 
water,  sprinkled  all  over  with  islets  of  rich  land 
and  cypress  swamps.  These  islands  were  favorite 
places  of  resort  for  the  Seminoles  during  the  late 
war.  One  of  them  was  found  to  contain  150 
cabins,  cultivated  fields,  and  700  head  of  cattle. 
It  has  some  tracts  of  fertile  land.  Capital,  Key 
Biscayune.  There  were  in  1840,  2  stores,  cap. 
$15,000.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,300.  1  sch.  28 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  412,  slaves  30,  free  col'd 
4 ;  total,  446 

Dade,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the  s.  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  960  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Porarae  de  Terre  r.  and  branches.  Surface 
undulating,  soil  fertile.    Capital,  Greenfield. 

Dadeville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Tallapoosa  co., 
Ala.,  140  e.  s.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  793  W.  Situated 
on  a  small  eminence,  6  e.  Tallapoosa  r.,  37  N.  E. 
Wetumpka.  It  contains  a  court  house,  and  other 
county  buildings. 

Daggett's  Mills,  p-o.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  157  n. 
Harrisburg,  267  W. 

Dagsborough,  p-v.,  and  hundred,  Sussex  co., 
Del.,  54  s.  s.  E.  Dover,  141  W.  It  is  situated  on 
Pepper  cr.,  which  flows  into  Rehoboth  bay. 
There  are  in  the  hundred,  12  stores,  cap.  $18,410 ; 
3  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,500. 
9  sch.  233  scholars.     Pop.  2,324. 

Dahlonega,  p-v.,  capital  of  Lumpkin  co.,  Ga., 
140  n.  n.  w.  Milledgeville,  620  W.  Situated  be- 
tween Chestatee  and  Etowah  rivers,  and  is  the 
seat  of  a  branch  of  the  United  States  Mint.  It  has 
a  court  house,  and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Dailey's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Lowndes  co., 
Miss.,  131  n.  E.  Jackson,  905  W. 


Dale,  county,  Ala.  Situated  in  the  s.  E.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  1,064  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  the  branches  of  Choctawhatchee  r.  The  sur- 
face is  generally  level,  with  a  barren  soil  cover- 
ed with  pine,  excepting  the  river  swamp  and 
hammocks,  which  are  very  productive.  Capital, 
Daleville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
15,484,  sheep  656,  swine  12,070;  wheat  1,865, 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  96,224,  potatoes  1 1,777, 
rice  3,015  pounds,  cotton  231,929,  sugar  2,813 ; 
6  stores,  cap.  $6,700  ;  18  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  5  sch. 
71  scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,809,  slaves  580,  free 
col'd  8 ;  total,  7,397. 

Dale,  p-o.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  75  E.  Harrisburg, 
16SW. 

Dale,  C.  H.,  called  Daleville,  p-v.,  capital  of 
Dale  co.,  Ala.,  222  s.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  871  W. 
Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  a  branch  of  Choctaw- 
hatchee r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  and  several 
dwellings. 

Daleville,  p-o.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  147  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  244  W. 

Daleville,  p-v.,  Lauderdale  co.,  Miss.,  104 
E.  Jackson,  918  W. 

Dallas,  county,  Ala.  Situated  near  the  cen- 
tre of  the  state,  and  contains  925  sq.  ms.  The  Ala- 
bama river  passes  through  it,  and  receives  the 
Cahaba  r.  from  the  n.,  at  the  centre  of  the  county. 
Surface  undulating,  soil  on  the  margins  very 
fertile.  Capital,  Cahaba.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  10,379,  sheep  4,431,  swine  30,886; 
wheat  12,388  bush,  produced,  rye  2,004,  Ind. 
corn  486,120,  oats  34,494,  potatoes  31,808,  rice 
10,750  pounds,  cotton  2,223,332 ;  6  stores,  cap. 
$350,000;  1  tannery,  18  grist  m.,  14  saw  m.,  2 
printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $20,240.  7  acad.  189  students,  10  sch. 
195  scholars.  Pop.  1830,14,017;  1840,  whites 
7,922,  slaves  17,208,  free  col'd  69  ;  total,  25,199. 

Dallas,  p-t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  133  n.  e.  Har- 
risburg, 242  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  and 
mountainous  ;  soil,  gravel,  loam,  and  slate.  Har- 
vey's lake,  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water,  lies  in  this 
t.,  and  its  outlet  and  some  other  streams  afford 
water  power.  It  has  1  distillery,  3  sawm.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $1,700.  4  sch.  144  scholars.  Pop. 
806. 

Dalmatia,  p-v.,  Northumberland  co.,  Pa.,  40 
N.  Harrisburg,  150  W. 

Dalton,  p-t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H,  96  n.  by  w. 
Concord,  557  W.  Connecticut  r.  runs  on  its  n. 
w.  boundary,  and  the  Fifteen  Mile  Falls  com- 
mence in  this  town.  Watered  by  St.  Johns  r. 
Incorporated  in  1784.  The  surface  is  uneven, 
and  the  soil  fertile,  well  adapted  to  grazing.  It 
has  1  store,  cap.  $1,500 ;  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  6 
sch.  190  scholars.     Pop.  664. 

Dalton,  p-t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  125  w. 
Boston,  382  W.  Watered  by  branches  of  Housa- 
tonic  r.,  which  afford  water  power.    The  surface 


DAN 


164 


DAN 


is  generally  level,  and  the  soil  fertile.     It  has  4 
woollen  fac,  1  tannery    2  paper  fee.,  1  grist  m 
4  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $193,700.   6  sch.  218 
scholars.     Pop.  1,255. 

Dalton,  p-o.,  Sugar  Creek  t.,  Wayne  co.,  O., 
106  n.  E.  Columbus,  331  W. 

Dalton,  p-v.,  Wayne  co.,  la.,  80  e.  Indiana- 
polis, 527  W. 

Damariscotta  Mills,  p-v.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me., 
30  s.  e.  Augusta,  598  W.  Situated  at  the  outlet 
of  Damariscotta  pond,  between  New  Castle  and 
Nobleboro.  Here  are  a  number  of  mills,  a  village, 
and  a  small  Roman  Catholic  church. 

Damariscotta,  r.,  Me.,  may  be  regarded  as 
an  arm  of  the  sea.  It  receives  the  outlet  of 
Damariscotta  pond,  and  is  navigable  for  large 
vessels,  16  miles  to  the  bridge,  between  New 
Castle  and  Nobleboro.  Many  vessels  are  built 
on  this  river,  and  much  lumber  is  exported  from  it. 
Damascoville,  p-v.,  Columbiana  county,  O., 
174  n.  e.  by  e.  Columbus,  295  W.  The  village 
called  Damascus  is  in  Goshen  and  Butler  ts.  It 
has  3  or  4  stores,  and  from  25  to  30  dwellings. 
It  is  in  the  midst  of  a  fertile  country. 

Damascus,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  190  n.  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  293  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank  of 
Delaware  r.  The  village  has  1  Baptist  church, 
1  store,  and  12  or  15  dwellings.  A  bridge  550 
feet  long  here  crosses  the  Delaware  r.  There 
are  in  the  t.,  2  stores,  cap.  $5,000 ;  9  sch.  229 
scholars.     Pop.  957. 

Damascus,  p-v.,  Montgomery  county,  Md.,  70 
N.  w.  Annapolis,  40  W. 

Damascus,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  O.,  147  n.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 478  W  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  n.  side 
of  Maumee  r.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,000;  3 
sch.  90  scholars.     Pop.  495. 

Damascus,  p-v.,  Spartanburg  dist.,  S.  C,  107 
N.  w.  Columbia,  568  W. 

Dan,  r.,  N.  C.  and  Va.,  runs  mostly  in  the  lat- 
ter, and  uniting  with  Stanton  r.  forms  the  Roan- 
oke r.  It  has  falls  of  23  feet  at  Danville  ;  but,  by 
a  canal  around  them,  is  navigable  100  miles  from 
its  mouth. 

Dana,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  69  w.  Boston, 
397  W.  Watered  by  a  branch  of  Swift  r.  In- 
corporated in  1781.  Palm  leaf  hats  are  here 
manufactured  extensively.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$10,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $35,500.  7  sch.  200  scholars.  Pop. 
691. 

Danborough,  p-v.,  Plumstead  t.,  Bucks  co., 
Pa.,  103  e.  Harrisburg,  165  W.  It  contains  a 
store,  and  12  or  15  dwellings. 

Danburg,  p-v.,  Wilkes  co.,  Ga.,  88  s.  N.  e. 
Milledgeville,  560  W. 

Danbury,  t.,  Ottawa  co.,  O.  It  has  2  schools, 
65  scholars.    Pop.  515. 

Danbury,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  28  n.  w. 
Concord,  503  W  Watered  by  Smith's  r.  The 
surface  is  uneven,  but  there  are  intervals  on  the 
streams.  Incorporated  in  1795,  though  settled 
over  20  years  before.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $2,500  ; 
1  tannery,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,800. 
10  schools,  233  scholars.    Pop.  800. 

Danbury,  p-t.,  semi-capital  of  Fairfield,  co.,  Ct., 
68  s.  w.  Hartford,  292  W.  The  surface  is  agree- 
ably diversified,  and  the  soil  is  fertile.  The 
borough  is  a  pleasant  village,  built  chiefly  on  one 
street,  more  than  a  mile  in  length.  It  contains  a 
court  house.  6  churches — 1  Baptist,  1  Congre- 
gational, 1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist,  1  Universal- 
is!, 1  Sandemanian — and  over  200  houses.  Still 
river,  a  branch  of  the  Housatonic,  passes  through 
the  town,  and  affords  a  good  water  power.  The 
town  was  incorporated  in  1696.  It  was  burned 
by  the  British  during  the  Revolutionary  war, 


April  26th,  1777,  with  a  large  amount  of  military 
stores.  In  the  battle  which  occurred,  the  Ameri- 
can General  Wooster  was  killed.  It  has  13 
stores,  cap.  $34,400;  1  tannery,  5  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $192,200.  1  acad.  70  students,  20 
sch.  742  scholars.     Pop.  4,504. 

Danby,  p-t.,  Rutland  county,  Vt.,  80  s.  by  w. 
Montpelier,  443  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous, 
but  the  soil  is  fertile,  and  particularly  adapted  to 
grazing ;  and  it  has  extensive  dairies.  First 
settled  in  1768.  Drained  by  the  head  waters  of 
Otter  creek.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $8,800  ;  2  tan- 
neries, 2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$12,810.     12  sch.  505  scholars.     Pop.  1,379. 

Danby,  p-t.,  Tompkins  co.,  N.  Y.,  168  w.  s. 
w.  Albany,  289  W.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
the  soil  a  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  Cattotong  cr. 
and  its  tributaries.  The  v.  contains  one  Presby- 
terian and  1  Methodist  church,  3  stores,  90  dwell- 
ings, and  about  500  inhabitants.  There  are  in 
the  t.,  3  stores,  cap.  $11,300 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist 
m.,  27  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $21,430.  20 
sch.  856  scholars.    Pop.  2,570. 

Danby  Four  Corners,  p-o.,  Danby  t.,  Rut- 
land co.,  Vt.,  82  s.  by  w.  Montpelier,  437  W. 

Dancyville,  p-o.,  Haywood  co.,  Tenn.,  183 
w.  s.  w.  Nashville,  868  W. 

Dandridge,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jefferson  county, 
Tenn.,  229  e.  Nashville,  482  W.  Situated  on  the 
n.  bank  of  French  Broad  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Dane,  county,  Wis.  ter.,  central  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  ter.,  and  contains  1,234  sq.  ms.  The  sur- 
face is  level,  and  the  soil  very  fertile.  The  Four 
Lakes  are  beautiful  sheets  of  water,  near  the  cen- 
tre of  the  county,  and  abound  with  excellent 
fish.  The  river  of  the  Four  Lakes  forms  their 
outlet,  and  drains  the  county.  Capital,  Madison. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  510,  sheep  5, 
swine  628 ;  wheat  290  bushels  produced,  Indian 
corn  3,080,  oats  10,250,  potatoes  8,450  ;  3  stores, 
cap.  $9,000  ;  2  smelting  houses,  producing  200,000 
pounds  of  lead,  and  employing  6  persons  and  a 
capital  of  $2,000 ;  1  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2 
weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,750. 
Pop.  314. 

Daniel's  Prairie,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Ala.,  43 
s.  w.  Tuscaloosa,  861  W. 

Danielsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Madison  co., 
Ga.,  91  n.  Milledgeville,  599  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  an  academy,  and  15  houses  and 
stores. 

Danielsville,  p-v.,  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va.,  85 
N.  w.  Richmond,  84  W.  Situated  in  the  midst 
of  the  gold  region. 

Dansville,  t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  230  w.  by 
s.  Albany.  Surface,  undulating;  soil,  gravelly 
loam  and  clay.  Drained  by  tributaries  of  Canis- 
teo  r.  and  Canaseraga  cr.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$10,500 ;  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.,  1  oil 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $  18,970.  24  sch.  853  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  2,725. 

Dansville,  p-v.,  Sparta  t.,  Livingston  co.,  N. 
Y.,  233  w.  Albany,  329  W.  Situated  on  Cana- 
seraga cr.,  which  has  a  succession  of  falls  of  about 
60  feet  in  one  mile  and  a  half.  It  contains  4 
churches— 2  Presbyterian,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Ger- 
man Lutheran— a  bank,  25  stores,  4  paper  m.,  2 
flouring  m.,  2  furnaces,  1  tannery,  250  dwellings, 
and  about  1,600  inhabitants.  The  Dansville 
branch  of  the  Genesee  Valley  canal  extends 
from  this  place. 

Danube,  p-t.,  Herkimer  co.,  N.  Y.,  70  w.  n.  w. 
Albany,  393  W.  The  surface  is  undulating,- 
soil,  a  fertile,  sandy,  and  calcareous  loam.  Drain 
ed  by  Nowadaga  cr.,  a  branch  of  the  Mohawk, 


DAN 


105 


DAR 


which  last  bounds  the  town  on  the  n.  It  has  7 
stores,  cap.  $17,700  ;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $10,000; 

1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  far.,  2  tanneries,  2  grist  in., 
7  saw  in.  Cap.  in  manufac.  §18,910.  8  sch.  830 
scholars.     Pop.  1,960. 

Dan  VERS,  p-t.,  F.sscx  co.,  Mass.,  16  n.  Boston, 

2  n.  \v.  Salem,  450  VV.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and 
well  cultivated.  The  principal  v.  is  a  continua- 
tion of  the  streets  of  Salem,  of  which  it  is  virtu- 
ally a  suburb.  It  contains  3  churches— I  Con- 
i>  relational,  1  Unitarian,  and  1  Universalist, — and 
a  little  to  the  w.is  another  Congregational  church. 
There  is  another  v.  further  n.,  on  Beverly  river, 
which  contains  a  Congregational  and  a  Baptist 
church.  At  this  village,  ship  building  is  a  con- 
siderable business.  Both  these  villages  can  be 
approached  by  vessels,  and  have  considerable 
manufactures,  and  some  trade.  It  has  15  stores, 
cap.  s.">7,600  ;  21  tanneries,  4  potteries,  1  grist m., 

1  savvm.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $362,800,  principally 
in  leather.     13  sch.  1,257  scholars.     Pop.  5,020. 

Danville,  p-t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  42  s.  w. 
Augusta,  372  W.  The  Androscoggin  r.  runs  on 
its  n.  E.  border,  and  it  is  drained  by  one  of  its 
tributaries.  It  is  a  good  farming  t.,  and  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $1,100 ;  1  woollen  lac,  3  grist  m.,  5 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,350.  1  acad.  100 
students,  9  sch.  450  scholars.     Pop.  1,294. 

Danville,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.,  30  s. 
E.  Concord,  471  W.  Incorporated  in  1760. 
Achusnut  r.  passes  through  the  N.  w.  part  of  the 
t.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  the  soil  in  some 
parts  good.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $1,200  ;  1  saw 
m.,  3  sch.  178  scholars.     Pop.  538. 

Danville,  p-t.,  capital  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt. 
30  n.  E.  Montpelier,  543  W.  Watered  by  Mer 
ritt's  r.,  and  other  branches  of  Pasumsic  r.,  which 
afford  good  water  power.  Chartered  in  1786 
and  re-chartered  in  1792.  The  E.  part  is  beauti 
fully  diversified  and  fertile  ;  the  w.  part  is  more 
broken,  and  less  productive.  The  v.  is  pleasant- 
ly situated,  near  the  centre  of  the  t.,  on  elevated 
land,  in  the  midst  of  a  beautiful  farming  country. 
It  has  a  court  house,  jail,  1  Congregational  and  1 
Baptist  church,  and  a  printing  office,  which  issues 
a  weekly  newspaper.  It  is  a  flourishing  v.,  with 
considerable  trade.  There  are  in  the  t.  6  stores, 
cap.  $15,100  ;  4  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  3  tan- 
neries, 6  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$63,700.    20  sch.  920  scholars.     Pop.  2,633. 

Danville,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  N.  J.,  67  n.  by  w. 
Trenton,  226  W. 

Danville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa., 
71  n.  by  e.  Harrisburg,  181  W.  It  is  situated  on 
the  x.  side  of  the  n.  branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
r.,  at  the  entrance  of  Mahoning  cr.     It  contains 

2  churches — 1  Presbyterian  and  1  Episcopal — an 
academy,  a  considerable  number  of  stores,  and 
about  1,000  inhabitants.  A  bridge  here  crosses 
the  Susquehanna  river. 

Danville,  p-v.,  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  164  s. 
w.  by  w.  Richmond,  251  W.  Situated  on  Dan 
r.,  one  of  the  constituents  of  the  Roanoke.  The 
river  here  has  falls  which  afford  good  water 
power.  The  ground  on  which  the  village  is 
built  rises  gradually  from  the  river  until  it  attains 
to  a  commanding  eminence,  presenting  a  delight- 
ful view  of  the  place  and  the  surrounding  coun- 
try. This  place  has  a  boatable  communication 
as  far  as  the  falls  of  the  Roanoke,  and  has  be- 
come the  centre  of  an  extensive  trade.  It  con- 
tains 2  banking  houses,  a  masonic  hall,  2  tobacco 
warehouses,  a  considerable  number  of  stores,  1 
iron  foundry,  a  printing  office,  issuing  a  weekly 
newspaper,  nearly  200  dwellings,  and  about  1,200 
inhabitants.  Its  "manufacturing  advantages  are 
but  partially  developed. 


Danville,  p-v.,  Union  t.,  Knox  eo~  (>.,  65  n. 

k.  Columbus,  906  W.  It  is  surrounded  !>ya  fine 
agricultural  country,  and  contains  1  .Methodist 
church,  4  or  5  stores,  and  3  or  100  inhabitants. 

Danville,  p-v.,  cap.  of  Boyle  oo.,  Ky.,  41  s 
by  w.  Frankfort,  555  W.  Situated  3  miles  s.  w 
of  Dick's  r.,  on  a  small  cr..  which  enters  into  it. 
It  contains  about  200  stores  and  duellings,  and 
the  Kentucky  Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb. 
It  is  the  seat  of  Centre  College.  This  college 
was  founded  in  1822;  has  a  president  and  7  pro- 
fessors, or  other  instructors,  66  students,  and  2,000 
vols,  in  its  libraries.  The  commencement  is  on 
the  Thursday  after  the  3d  Wednesday  in  Sep- 
tember. It  has  4  churches — 1  Baptist,  1  Episco- 
pal, 1  Methodist,  1  Presbyterian — 2  acad.  100 
students,  1  sch.  34  scholars.     Pop.  1,223. 

Danville,  p-v.,  Sumter  co.,  Ga.,  100  s.  w. 
Milledgeville,  757  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank 
of  Flint  r. 

Danville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Hendricks  co.,  la., 
20  w.  Indianapolis,  591  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  White  Lick  creek.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  a  church,  4  stores,  and  about  300 
inhabitants. 

Danville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Vermillion  co.,  111., 
130  e.  by  n.  Springfield,  657  W.  Situated  on  the 
N.  side  of  Vermillion  r.,  near  the  entrance  of  the 
N.  fork.  It  is  on  a  dry,  sandy,  and  elevated  sur- 
face, with  an  open  prairie  on  the  s. ;  but  on  other 
sides  surrounded  by  a  heavy  growth  of  timber. 
It  has  3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  and 
1  Methodist — a  U.  S.  land  office,  17  stores,  a 
printing  office  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper,  100 
dwellings,  3  schools,  and  503  inhabitants.  It  is 
surrounded  by  a  rich  and  populous  country. 

Danville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Montgomery  co., 
Mo.,  47  n.  e.  Jefferson  city,  892  W.  It  contains 
a  court  house,  and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 
There  are  in  the  t.,  1  acad.  28  students,  1  sch. 
20  scholars.     Pop.  1,299. 

Darby,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  95  e.  s.  e.  Har- 
risburg, 132  W.  The  t.  is  divided  into  Upper 
and  Lower  Darby.  The  v.  is  situated  on  Darby 
cr.,  and  has  1  Friends  church,  2  stores,  1  grist 
m.,  1  fulling  m.,  and  40  dwellings.  There  are  in 
the  t.,  2  stores,  cap.  $8,500;  1  cotton  fac.  216  sp., 

1  tannery,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper, 

2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,950. 
2  sch.  120  scholars.     Pop.  1,267. 

Darby,  t.,  Pickaway  co.,  Ohio.  The  soil  is 
adapted  to  grazing.  Drained  by  Darby  cr.,  which 
affords  water  power.  It  has  1  tannery,  2  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.    Pop.  1,050. 

Darby,  t.,  Madison  co.,  O.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$1,500 ;  1  tannery.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $800.  5 
sch.  110  scholars.     Pop.  466. 

Darby  Creek,  a  small  r.  of  Ohio,  rises  in 
Union  co.,  and,  after  a  course  of  60  miles,  enters 
the  Scioto  r.,  nearly  opposite  Circleville. 

Darby  Creek,  p-o.,  Jerome  t.,  Union  co.,  O., 
22  n.  n.  w.  Columbus,  415  W. 

Darby  Plains,  p-o.,  Union  co.,  O.,  26  n.  n.  w. 
Columbus,  415  W. 

Darby's,  p-o.,  Columbia  co,  Ga.,  109  e.  n.  e. 
Milledgeville,  538  W. 

Darbyville,  p-v.,  Muhlenburg  t.,  Pickaway 
co.,  O.,  33  s.  Columbus,  408  W.  Founded  in 
1826.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank  of  Darby  cr.  It 
has  3  stores,  3  churches— 1  Presbyterian,  1  Bap- 
tist, and  1  Methodist— 2  tanneries,  40  dwellings, 
and  about  250  inhabitants. 

Dardanelle,  p-v.,  Yell  co.,  Ark.,  72  n.  w.  by 
w.  Little  Rock,  1,137  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  w. 
side  of  Arkansas  river.  Near  this  are  2  rocky 
ridges,  on  both  sides  of  the  Arkansas  r.,  called 
the  Dardanelles.    Pop.  of  the  t.  227. 


DAR 


166 


DAU 


D*rdenne,  p-v.,  St.  Charles  co.,  Mo.,  100  E. 
by  n.  Jefferson  city,  846  W.  '  Situated  on  a  r.  of 
the  same  name,  which  enters  the  Missouri  r.,  5 
miles  s.  s.  w.  of  St.  Charles.  The  t.  has  1  sch.  12 
scholars.     Pop.  1,605. 

Darien,  p-t.,  Fairfield  co.,  Ct.,  74  s.  w.  Hart- 
ford, 266  VV.  Taken  from  Stamford  in  1820. 
Bounded  s.  by  Long  Island  sound.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  the  soil  excellent.  The  vil- 
lage is  on  a  small  stream,  which  enters  a  narrow 
bay  that  sets  up  from  the  sound,  and  contains  a 
Congregational  church,  and  has  some  coasting 
trade  to  New  York.  There  are  in  the  t.,  7 
stores,  cap.  $17,500 ;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $8,500 ; 
2  tanneries.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,450.  3  sch. 
177  scholars.     Pop.  1,080. 

Darien,  p-t.,  Genesee  co.,  N.  Y.,  263  w.  Al- 
bany, 377  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  clay 
and  calcareous  loam.  Drained  by  Ellicott's  cr. 
The  v.  contains  1  church,  3  stores,  25  dwellings, 
and  about  175  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the 
t.,  5  stores,  cap.  $16,300 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tan- 
neries, 2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$21,940.     21  sch.  622  scholars.     Pop.  2,406. 

Darien,  city,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Mcintosh  co., 
Ga.,  215  s.  e.  Milledgeville,  724  W.  Situated  on 
the  n.  side  of  the  Altamaha  r.,  12  miles  above  the 
bar,  at  the  entrance  of  St.  Simon's  sound.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  a  jail,  an  academy,  a  Pres- 
byterian church,  a  bank,  and  a  printing  office. 
It  has  an  extensive  trade  in  cotton.  The  bar  has 
14  feet  of  water.  The  Oconee  branch  of  the  Al- 
tamaha has  a  steamboat  navigation  to  Milledge- 
ville; and  the  Ocmulgee  branch  has  a  similar 
navigation  to  Macon  ;  so  that  Darien  forms  the 
natural  centre  of  the  trade  of  the  central  portions 
of  the  state,  and  it  has  had  a  corresponding  rapid 
growth. 

Darien,  p-t.,  Walworth  co.,  Wis.  ter.,  59  s.  e. 
Madison,  788  W.    Pop.  232. 

Darien  Centre,  p-o.,  Darien  t.,  Genesee  co., 
N.  Y.,  265  w.  by  n.  Albany,  375  W. 

Darke,  county,  O.,  situated  in  the  w.  part  of 
the  state,  and  contains  714  sq.  ms.  Drained  by 
Stillwater  and  Greenville  creeks.  The  surface 
is  generally  level;  soil,  very  fertile.  General 
Wayne  erected  Fort  Recovery  in  the  n.  e.  cor- 
ner of  this  county,  in  1795,  on  the  spot  where 
Gen.  St.  Clair  sustained  a  memorable  defeat  by 
the  Indians,  three  years  before.  Capital,  Green- 
ville. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,537, 
sheep  9,012,  swine  17,020;  wheat  31,675  bushels 
produced,  rye  1,485,  Ind.  corn  57,797,  buckwheat 
544,  barley  1,829,  oats  90,230,  potatoes,  57,325.  12 
sch.  288  scholars.  Pop.  1830,6,203  ;  1840,  13,232. 

Dark  Corner,  p-o.,  Campbell  co.,Ga.,  114  w. 
N.  w.  Milledgeville,  711 W. 

Darkesville,  p-v.,  Berkley  co.,  Va.,  162  n. 
Richmond,  84  W.  Situated  on  Sulphur  Springs 
creek,  a  branch  of  Opequan  creek,  that  enters 
into  the  Potomac. 

Darling's,  p-o.,  Butler  t,  Knox  co.,  O.,  73  n. 
k.  Columbus,  363  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  bank  of 
Vernon  r. 

Darlingsville,  p-o.,  Pike  co.,  Pa.,  174  n.  e. 
by  E.  Harrisburg,  263  W. 

D«RLIN£TON'  P'b-»  Little  Beaver  t.,  Beaver 
co.,  Pa.,  239  w.  by  n.  Harrisburg,  265  W  It 
contains  1  Presbyterian  church,  4  stores, 'and 
about  6d  dwellings.  It  was  called  Greensbunr 
until  1830.  It  has  1  acad.  18  students,  1  sch  30 
scholars.    Pop.  220. 

Darlington,  p-v.,  Harford  co.,  Md.,  71  n.  by 
K.  Annapolis,  81  W.  Situated  2£  ms.  w.  of  the 
Susquehanna  r.  It  contains  2  churches — 1  Me- 
thodist, and  1  Friends— an  academy,  5  stores, 
and  a  public  library. 


Darlington,  dist.,  S.  C.  Situated  in  the 
eastern  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,050  sq. 
ms.  The  surface  is  slightly  undulating  ;  soil,  on 
the  margins  of  the  streams,  very  fertile ;  back  from 
this,  sandy  and  light.  Great  Pedee  r.  bounds  it 
on  the  n.  E.,  and  Lynch' s  cr.  on  the  s.  w.  Capi- 
tal, Darlington.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
15,433,  sheep  6,082,  swine  36,856 ;  wheat  13,309 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  457,193,  oats  52,477,  po- 
tatoes 84,812,  rice  8,000  pounds,  cotton  1,231,985; 
26  stores,  cap.  $127,000;  1  cotton  fac.  700  sp.,  4 
tanneries,  47  grist  m.,  27  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$84,100.  7  acad.  149  students,  16  sch.  305  schol- 
ars. Pop.  1830,  13,728;  1840,  whites  7,169,  slaves 
7,560,  free  col'd  93  ;  total,  14,822. 

Darlington,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Darlington 
dist.,  S.  C,  129  E.  s.  e.  Columbia,  453  W.  Situ- 
ated a  little  w.  of  Black  cr.,  a  branch  of  Great  Pe- 
dee r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  3  churches 
— 1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  1  Presbyterian — 2  acad., 
.  9  stores,  and  500  inhabitants. 
I  Darlington,  p-v.,  Montgomery  co.,  la.,  46  w. 
N.  w.  Indianapolis,  617  W. 

Darlington,  p-o.,  Lake  co.,  111. 

Darlington,  p-v.,  St.  Helena  par.,  La.,  120 
n.  w.  by  n.  New  Orleans,  1,150  W. 

Darlington,  p-o.,  Humphreys  co.,  Tenn. 

Darnstown,  p-v.,  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  65 
w.  n.  w.  Annapolis,  25  W. 

Darrstown,  p-v.,  Milford  t.,  Butler  co.,  O., 
109  s.  w.  by  w.  Columbus,  498  W.  It  contains  2 
churches,  3  stores,  35  dwellings,  and  about  250 
inhabitants.  There  is  a  chalybeate  spring  in  the 
vicinity,  which  is  of  some  note. 

Darrvill's,  p-o.,  Dinwiddie  co.,  Va.,  56  s. 
Richmond,  175  W. 

Dartmouth,  n-t.,  Bristol  co.,  Ms.,  65  s.  Boston, 
7  s.  w.  New  Bedford,  441  W.  It  has  Buzzard's 
bay  on  the  s.  E.,  and  is  penetrated  by  several  in- 
lets from  it,  one  of  which  receives  Aponiganset  r., 
which  is  navigable  nearly  to  the  centre  of  the  t. 
Incorporated  in  1664.  It  has  a  number  of  vessels 
employed  in  the  whale  fishery,  and  in  the  coast- 
ing trade.  Salt  is  manufactured,  and  vessels  are 
built.  It  has  12  stores,  cap.  $33,500  ;  1  woollen 
fac,  3  tanneries,  5  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.,  I  oil  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $27,950.  27  sch.  931  scholars. 
Pop.  4,135. 

Darwin,  p-v.,  Clark  co.,  111.,  133  s.  e.  by  e. 
Springfield,  667  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  Wa- 
bash r.,  adjoining  Walnut  prairie,  and  contains  20 
or  30  families. 

Dauphin,  county,  Pa.  Situated  toward  the  s 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  is  bounded  by  the  Sus- 
quehanna r.  on  the  w.  and  s.  w.  It  contains  608 
sq.  ms.  Drained  by  Swatara  cr.  in  its  s.  part, 
and  by  Mahantango  cr.  on  the  n.  Powell's  cr. 
runs  through  its  central  part.  The  surface  is  hil- 
ly and  mountainous,  and  the  soil,  fertile.  The 
Pennsylvania  canal  and  the  Union  canal  pass 
through  it.  Capital,  Harrisburg.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  17,429,  sheep  15,714,  swine 
27,817;  wheat  277,243  bush,  produced,  rye 
202,771,  Ind.  corn  307,363,  buckwheat  24,039, 
barley  1,980,  oats  398,544,  potatoes  125,051,  silk 
cocoons  322  pounds,  tobacco  46,730 ;  3  commis- 
sion houses  in  for.  trade,  cap.  $23,500  ;  133  stores, 
cap.  $479,110  ;  10  lumber  yards,  cap.  $59,500;  3 
furnaces,  3  forges,  9  fulling  m.,  6  woollen  fac, 
20  tanneries,  2  rope  fac,  17  distilleries,  4  brewe- 
ries, 4  potteries,  29  flouring  m.,  35  grist  m.,  76  saw 
m.,  2  oil  m.,  12  printing  offices,  6  binderies,  1  peri- 
odical, 1 1  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $357,315.  3  acad.  115  students,  76  sch.  3,656 
scholars.     Pop.  1830,  25,303;  1840,  30,118. 

Dauphin,  p-v.,  Middle  Paxton  t.,  Dauphin  co., 
Pa.,  8  Harrisburg,  118  W.    It  is  situated  on  the 


DAV 


167 


DAY 


Susquehanna  r.,  and  contains  2  stores,  and  12  or 
15  dwellings. 

Davenport,  p-t.,  Delaware  eo.,  N.  Y.,  69  s. 
w.  Albany,  14  w  Delhi,  361  W.  The  surface  u 
hilly,  and  the  soil  an  argillaceous  loam.  Drained 
by  Charlotte  r.  and  its  tributaries.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $13,600 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  3 
grist  m.,  14  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $28,000. 
15  sch.  724  scholars.     Pop.  2,052. 

Davenport,  p-v.,  capital  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa, 
350  above  St.  Louis,  by  water,  80  above  Bur- 
lington. This  place  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the 
N  side  of  the  Mississippi  river. 

Davidson,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the  cen- 
tral part  of  the  state,  and  contains  790  sq.  ms.  It 
has  the  Yadkin  r.  on  the  w.  Drained  by  several 
small  streams  flowing  into  it.  Surface  undula- 
ting, soil  fertile.  Capital,  Lexington.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  12,163,  sheep  14,319, 
swine  34,083;  wheat  114,359  bush,  produced, 
rye  5,691,  Ind.  corn  465,828,  oats  102,703,  pota- 
toes 15,059,  tobacco  80,502  lbs.,  cotton  1,368,100; 
17  stores,  cap.  $54,000  ;  2  woollen  fac,  1  cotton 
fac,  9  tanneries,  218  distilleries,  10  flouring  m., 
51  grist  m.,  46  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $145,458.  2  acad.  52  students,  36  sch.  1,100 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  11,937,  slaves  2,538,  free 
col'd  136  ;  total,  14,606. 

Davenport  Centre,  p-o.,  Davenport  t.,  Del- 
aware co.,  N.  Y.,  74  s.  w.  Albany,  3d7  W. 

Davidson,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  centrally, 
a  little  north  of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  con- 
tains 640  sq.  ms.  Cumberland  r.  passes  through 
it  from  e.  to  w.,  curving  to  the  s.  Drained  by 
Harpeth  r.,  Stone's  r.,  White's  and  Poplar  creeks. 
Surface  undulating;  soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Nash- 
ville. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  21,769, 
sheep  2,513,  swine  90,336  ;  wheat  104,486  bush, 
produced,  rye  56,505,  Ind.  corn  1,456,800,  oats 
228,924,  potatoes  57,051,  tobacco  334,394  pounds, 
cotton  194,665 ;  11  commer.  and  8  com.  houses, 
cap.  $235,000 ;  83  stores,  cap.  $1,613,700 ;  4  lum- 
ber yards,  cap.  $3,800 ;  1  woollen  fac,  1  cotton 
fac,  10  tanneries,  26  distilleries,  5  flouring  m., 
75  grist  m.,  31  saw  m.,  1  paper  fac,  4  printing  of- 
fices, 2  binderies,  1  daily,  5  weekly,  3  semi-week- 
ly newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac  344,230.  1 
college,  125  students,  39  acad.  1,353  students,  13 
sch.  367  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  28,122;  1840, 
whites  17,457,  slaves  12,348,  free  col'd  704 ;  total, 
30,509. 

Davidson,  p-t.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.f  109  N.  Har- 
risburg,  219  W.  It  has  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $1,000.    2  sch.  32  scholars.    Pop.  370. 

Davidson,  p-o.,  Harrison  co.,  la.,  115  s-  In- 
dianapolis, 626  W. 

Davidson  College,  p-v.,  Mecklenburg  co., 
N.  C,  150  w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  387  W.  Davidson 
College,  located  here,  was  founded  in  1833.  It 
has  a  president,  2  professors,  23  alumni,  49  stu- 
dents, and  1,150  vols,  in  its  libraries.  The  com- 
mencement is  on  the  last  Thursday  in  June. 

Davidson,  t.,  Randolph  co.,  Ark.    Population, 
355. 
Davidson,  t.,  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  69. 
Davidson  River,  p-o.,  Henderson  co.,  N.  C, 
289  w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  519  W. 

Davidsonville,  p-v.,  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md., 
10  Annapolis,  30  W. 

Davidsonville,  p-v.,  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  142 
w.  Harrisburg,  168  W. 

Davie,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the  cen- 
tral part  of  the  state,  and  contains  175  sq.  ms.  It 
has  the  Yadkin  river  on  the  E.,and  is  drained  by 
its  branches.  Surface  undulating,  soil  very  fer- 
tiles.  Capital,  Mocksville.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  5,414,  sheep  5,615,  swine   18,783; 


wheat  44,481  bush,  produced,  rye  8,232.  Ind.  corn 
313,538,  oats  54,145,  potatoes  »."-'>6,  tobacco 
66,771  pounds,  cotton  §07,040 j  I<>  stores,  gap 
$22,000 ;  1  cotton  fac,  5  tanneries,  75  distilleries, 
3  flouring  m.,  23  grist  m.,  19  saw  in..  1  oil  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac  $94,000.  12  sch.  866  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  5,5'J4,  slaves  1,883,  freo  col'd  9S ; 
total,  7,574. 

Davies,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  s.  w.  part 
of  the  state,  between  the  E.  and  w.  fori 
White  r.,  which  unite  on  its  s.  w.  border.  Wa- 
tered by  the  branches  of  White  r.  and  small  trib- 
utary creeks.  The  n.  portion  is  level,  the  e.  and 
s.  undulating.  Soil,  generally  fertile,  with  some 
fine  prairies.  Organized  in  1816,  and  contains  12<> 
sq.  ms.  Capital,  Washington.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  6,778,  sheep  6,276,  swine  14,713 ; 
wheat  35,286  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  202,423, 
oats  40,892,  potatoes  12,787,  tobacco  1,900  pounds  ; 
21  stores,  cap.  $58,850;  2  tanneries,  4  distilleries, 
7  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac  $34,720.  1  acau. 
43  students,  8  sch.  244  scholars.     Pop.     6,720. 

Davies,  county,  Mo.    Situated  in  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  576  sq.  ms.    The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  the  soil  fertile.  Drained 
by  the  w.  fork   of  Grand  r.,  which  passes  cen- 
trally through  it.   Capital,  Gallatin.    There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,451,   sheep  2,267,   swine 
8,879 ;  wheat  2,644  bush,  produced,  Indian  corn 
106,245,  oats  8,720,  potatoes  2,901,  tobacco  28,608 
pounds ;  3  stores,  cap.  $7,852  ;  1  distillery,  1  grist 
m.,  5  sch.  91  scholars.    Pop.  whites  2,600,  slaves 
134,  free  col'd  2 ;  total,  2,736. 
Davis,  t.,  Lafayette  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  673. 
Davis,  t.,  Saline  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  312. 
Davis,  t.,  Fountain  co.,  la.    Pop.  714. 
Davisborough,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Ga.,  41 
s.  E.  Milledgeville,  645  W.     It  contains  an  acad- 
emy and  a  few  dwellings.    It  is  situated  on  the 
central  railroad,  and  is  a  depot. 

Davis  Prairie,  p-o.,  Lewis  co.,  Mo.,  136  n.  by 
E.  Jefferson  city,  905  W. 

Davis's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Pickens  dist.,  S.  C,  172 
w.  n.  w.  Columbia,  574  W. 

Davis's  Mills,  p-o.,  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  153  w 
Richmond,  223  W. 

Davis's  Mills,  Barnwell  dist.,  S.  C,  106  s.  s. 
w.  Columbia,  611  W. 

Davidson's,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  N.  J.,  60  n.  n. 
w.  Trenton,  208  W. 

Davisonville,  p-o.,  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  59  n 
by  w.  Detroit,  583  W. 

Davis's  Springs,  p-o.,  Robeson  co.,  N.  C,  73 
s.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  361  W. 

Davis's  Store,  p-o.,  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  141  xr . 
by  s.  Richmond,  204  W. 

Daviston,  p-v.,  Clay  co.,  la.,  74  w.  s.  w.  In- 
dianapolis, 645  W. 
Daviston,  p-o.,  Talbot  co.,  Ga. 
Davisville,  p-v.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  Ill  E.  Har- 
risburg, 153  W. 
Davisville,  p-o.,  Pike  co.,  Ga. 
Dawkin's  Mills,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  O.,  75  s. 
s.  e.  Columbus,  368  W. 

Dawson,  p-o.,  Habersham  co.,  Ga.,  138  n.  Mil- 
ledgeville, 601  W. 

Dawson's,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  183  w.  N. 
w.  Annapolis,  151  W. 

Dawson's  Stand,  p-o.,  Bledsoe  co.,  Tenn.,  117 
e.  s.  e.  Nashville,  576  W.  CQ 

Dawsonville,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  b» 
N.  n.  w.  Annapolis,  28  W.       ' 

Day,  p-t.,  Saratoga  co.,  N.  Y,  63  N.  by  w.  Al- 
bany, 431  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  mountain- 
ous. The  Kayaderosseras  mt.  extends  across  it. 
Drained  by  Sacandaga  r.,  on  which  most  of  the 


DEA 


168 


DEC 


good  land  is  situated.  It  has  2  stores,  1  fulling  m., 
1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  pottery,  1  grist  m.,  3 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,700.  5  sch.  220 
scholars.     Pop.  942. 

Daysville,  p-o.,  Ogle  co.,  111. 

Dayanville,  p-v.,  Watson  t.,  Lewis  co.,  N.  Y., 
141  n.  w.  Albany,  440  W.  Situated  on  Crystal 
cr.,  and  contains  2  stores,  3  saw  m.,  20  dwellings, 
and  about  125  inhabitants. 

Day's  Landing,  p-o.,  York  co.,  Fa.,  33  s.  s.  e. 
Harrisburg,  99  W. 

Daysville,  p-o.,  Bradley  co.,  Tenn.,  163  s.  e. 
Nashville,  574  W. 

Dayton,  p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.  Y.,  312  w. 
by  s.  Albany,  350  W.  The  surface  is  undula- 
ting ;  soil,  clay  and  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by 
Connewango  cr.  and  its  tributaries.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $5,000 ;  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,500.  6  sch.  308  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  946. 

Dayton,  p-o.,  Rockingham  co.,  Va. 

Dayton,  p-t.,  capital  of  Montgomery  co.,  O., 
68  w.  by  s.  Columbus,  461  W.  Pop.  of  the  v., 
1810,333;  1820,  1,139  ;  1830,2,954  ;  1840,6,067: 
the  t.  in  addition,  4,268.  Watered  by  Great 
Miami  r.  and  its  tributaries,  s.  w.  branch  of 
Mad  r.  and  Wolf  cr.  Mad  r.  is  here  turned 
into  a  race,  about  a  mile  above  its  mouth,  and 
after  being  employed  in  mills,  is  turned  into  the 
Miami,  partly  above  and  partly  below  the  v., 
thus  constituting  the  ground  on  which  it  stands, 
an  island.  In  and  near  the  v.  are  4  cotton  fac- 
tories with  5,000  spindles.  There  is  a  gun-bar- 
rel factory  with  a  capital  of  fifteen  thousand  dol- 
lars, a  large  iron  foundry,  four  machine  shops, 
producing  one  hundred  thousand  dollars  annu- 
ally, a  clock  factory  producing  2,500  clocks 
yearly,  an  extensive  paper  factory,  a  carding  and 
fulling  mill,  7  flouring  mills,  7  saw  mills,  5  dis- 
tilleries, and  various  other  mills  and  manufacto- 
ries. Capital  in  manufactures  over  $100,000.  It 
contains  a  court  house,  and  county  offices  of 
brick,  and  a  jail  and  banking  house  of  stone.  It 
has  10  churches,  2  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  2 
Baptist,  2  Methodist,  1  Lutheran,  1  German  Re- 
formed, 1  Roman  Catholic,  2  academies,  82  stu- 
dents, 6  schools,  873  scholars,  over  1,200  houses, 
50  stores,  and  3  printing  offices.  The  Miami 
canal  passes  through  the  place  and  connects  it 
with  Cincinnati. 

Dayton,  p-o.,  Lasalle  co.,  111.,  137  n.  n.  E.- 
Springfield, 777  W. 

Dayton,  p-v.,  Tippecanoe  co.,  la.,  63  n.  w. 
Indianapolis,  621  W.  It  contains  about  50  in- 
habitants. 

Dayton,  p-v.,  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  76  s.  by  w. 
Tuscaloosa,  887  W. 

Dead  Fall,  p-o.,  Abbeville  dist.,  S.  C,  89  w. 
Columbia,  519  W. 

Dead,  river,  Me.,  the  w.  branch  of  Kennebec 
r.,  rises  near  the  boundary  of  Lower  Canada, 
and  after  a  course  of  70  miles,  falls  into  the  Ken- 
nebec,20  m.  below  Moosehead  lake.  It  passes 
through  a  fertile  country. 

Dead,  r.  p-o  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  78  n.  n.  w. 
Augusta,  672  W. 

Dead,  stream,  a  tributary  of  the  Penobscot, 
enters  it  from  the  e.  at  Orono. 

Deal,  v.,  Shrewsbury  t.,  Monmouth  co.,  N.  J., 
is  a  small  watering  place,  situated  on  Poplar 
Swamp  cr.  Here  are  boarding  houses,  capable 
of  accommodating  from  50  to  100  persons.  It  is  a 
fine  place  for  the  enjoyment  of  sea  air  and  bath- 
ing. The  v.  is  about  a  mile  from  the  sea,  and  3 
s.  of  Long  Branch  boarding  houses. 

Deal's  Mills,  p-o.,  Caldwell  co.,  N.  C,  180 
w.  Raleigh,  418  W. 


Dean's  Corners,  p-o.,  Saratoga  t.,  Saratoga 
co.,  N.  Y.,  33  n.  Albany,  406  W. 

Deansville,  p-v.,  Marshall  t.,  Oneida  co.,  N. 
Y.,  104  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  375  W.  Situated  on 
the  Chenango  canal,  and  contains  1  church,  2 
stores,  2  warehouses,  30  dwellings,  and  about 
200  inhabitants. 

Dearborn,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  s.  E. 
part  of  the  state,  has  the  Ohio  r.  on  its  e.  border, 
and  contains  380  sq.  ms.  Organized  in  1802. 
Drained  by  Great  Miami  and  Whitewater  rivers, 
and  a  number  of  small  creeks.  The  surface  is 
hilly  and  broken,  with  rich  bottom  lands  on  the 
rivers.  Capital,  Lawrenceville.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  10,455,  sheep  16,451,  swine 
21,349  ;  wheat  131,318  bush,  produced,  rye  1,218, 
Ind.  corn  640,299,  buckwheat  1,125,  barley  3,229, 
oats  152,802,  potatoes  41,855,  tobacco  2,850 
pounds,  sugar  34,366 ;  76  stores,  cap.  $196,497;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  600  sp.,  6 
tanneries,  5  distilleries,  1  pottery,  21  grist  m.,  22 
saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  news- 
paper. Cap.  in  manufac.  $73,595.  4  acad.  30 
students,  56  sch.  1,110  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 
13,974 ;  1840,  19,327. 

Dearborn,  t.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  15  n.  Au- 
gusta. A  large  pond,  which  contains  a  number 
of  beautiful  islands,  covers  a  considerable  por- 
tion of  its  surface.  Incorporated  in  1812.  It  has 
1  sch.  30  scholars.     Pop.  163. 

Dearborn,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  Mich.  The  Rouge 
r.  passes  through  it.  It  has  8  stores,  cap.  $4,240 ; 
1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$11,050.     It  has  4  sch.  120  scholars.     Pop.  1,248. 

Dearbornville,  p-v.,  Dearborn  t.,  Wayne 
co.,  Mich.,  10  w.  Detroit,  534  W.  Situated  on 
the  s.  branch  of  Rouge  r.  It  contains  1  Metho- 
dist church,  7  stores,  1  saw  m.,  1  flouring  m.,  1 
iron  foundry,  and  about  60  dwellings.  The  U. 
States  arsenal  located  here,  consists  of  11  brick 
buildings,  the  whole  surrounded  by  a  wall  of 
heavy  masonry  12  feet  high. 

Deardoof's  Mills,  p-o.,  Wayne  t.,  Tuscara- 
was co.,  O.,  112  e.  n.  e.  Columbus,  324  W, 

Deatonville,  p-o.,  Amelia  co.,  Va. 

Deavertown,  p-v.,  York  t.,  Morgan  co.,  O., 
71  e.  by  s.  Columbus,  343  W.  It  has  an  eleva- 
ted and  pleasant  site,  and  contains  3  churches, 
35  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

De  Bastrop,  t.,  Chicot  co.,  Ark.  Population, 
270. 

Decatur,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  s.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,675  sq.  ms. 
Chattahoochee  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border.  Drained 
by  Flint  and  Spring  rivers.  Flint  r.  unites  with 
the  Chattahoochee  on  the  s.  border  of  the  co. 
Organized  in  1824.  The  surface  is  moderately 
uneven ;  soil  not  very  fertile.  Capital,  Bain- 
bridge.  There  were  in  1830,  neat  cattle  16,232, 
sheep  1,896,  swine  16,517;  Ind.  corn  161,752 
bush,  produced,  oats  4,039,  potatoes  41,137,  tobac- 
co 12,170  pounds,  cotton  1,794,928,  sugar  38,755  ; 
18  stores,  cap.  $41,130  ;  23  tanneries,  1  distillery, 
16  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $34,800. 
4  acad.  173  students,  4  sch.  66  scholars.  Pop. 
1830,  3,854;  1840,  whites  3,478,  slaves  2,386, 
free  col'd  8 ;  total,  5,872. 

Decatur,  county,  la.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  340  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  gently  undulating ;  soil  fertile,  and 
well  adapted  to  grain.  Drained  by  Flat  Rock, 
Clifty,  and  Sand  creeks,  which  afford  water 
power.  Organized  in  1821.  Capital,  Greens- 
burgh.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  11,862, 
sheep  14.793,  swine  28,290;  wheat  77,511  bush, 
produced,  rye  3,198,  Ind.  corn  643,015,  buck- 
wheat 317,  oats  112,195,  potatoes  12,445,  sugar 


DED 


169 


DEE 


33,325  pounds ;  34  stores,  cap.  $90,350 ;  6  tanne- 
ries, 5  distilleries,  1  pottery,  21  grist  m.,  22  saw 
m  ,  1  oil  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspa- 
per, 1  acad.  75  students,  56  sch.  2,986  scholars. 
Pop.  12,171. 

Decatur,  p-t.,  Otsego  co.,  N.  Y.,  61  w.  by  s. 
Albany,  375  W.  The  surface  is  elevated  and 
hilly,  and  the  soil  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Elk 
cr.  The  v.  1ms  1  Methodist  church,  2  stores, 
and  20  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.,  2  stores, 
cap.  $4,500 ;  1  foiling  m.,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,320.  8  sch.  310  scholars. 
Pop.  1,071. 

Decatur,  t.,  Mifflin  co.,  Pa.,  14  n.  e  Lewis 
town.  The  surface  is  mountainous  ;  soil,  slate 
and  gravel.  Watered  by  Jacks  cr.,  a  branch  of 
the  Juniata.  It  has  1  woollen  fac,  11  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,945.  2  sch.  45  scholars. 
Pop.  767. 

Decatur,  p-v.,  Byrd  t.,  Brown  co.,  O.,  105  s. 

w.  Columbus,  452  W.  It  contains  a  brick  church, 

3  stores,  30  dwellings,  and  about  150  inhabitants. 

Decatur,  p-t.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.,  158  w. 

Detroit,  615  W.    Pop.  32S. 

Decatur,  p-v.,  capital  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ga.,  90 
N.  w.  Milledgeville,  676  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  an  academy,  3  churches,  and  about 
50  dwellings.  It  has  an  elevated  and  healthy 
situation.  The  Georgia  railroad  from  Augusta 
terminates  near  the  v. 

Decatur,  t.,  Marion  co.,  la.  It  has  1  saw  m., 
6  sch.  151  scholars.    Pop.  916. 

Decatur,  t.,  Washington  co.,  O.  It  has  3 
sch.  143  scholars.    Pop.  439. 

Decatur,  p-v.,  Union  dist.,  S.  C,  77  n.  w. 
Columbia,  457  W. 

Decatur,  t.,  Lawrence  co.,  O.  It  has  3  sch. 
98  scholars.    Pop.  594. 

Decatur,  p-v.,  Morgan  co.,  Ala.,  139  n.  n.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  739  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of 
Tennessee  r.,  at  the  e.  termination  of  the  Tus- 
cumbia  and  Decatur  railroad.  It  contains  several 
stores  and  dwellings. 

Decatur,  p-v.,  capital  of  Adams  co.,  la.,  132 
N.  e.  Indianapolis,  522  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  w. 
side  of  the  Wabash  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house 
and  several  dwellings. 

Decatur,  p-v.,  capital  of  Newton  co.,  Miss., 
76  e.  Jackson,  954  W.  Situated  on  the  head 
waters  of  Chickasawha  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house  and  several  dwellings. 

Decatur,  p-v.,  capital  of  Meigs  co.,  Tenn., 
140  e.  s.  e.  Nashville,  568  W.  Situated  2i  ms. 
E.  of  Tennessee  r.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Decatur,  p-v.,  Howard  co.,  Mo.,  54  n.  w.  Jef- 
ferson city,  959  W. 

Decatur,  p-v.,  capital  of  Macon  co.,  HI.,  40  e. 
Springfield,  749  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
the  n.  fork  of  Sangamon  r.,  on  the  borders  of  an 
extensive  prairie.  The  country  around  is  fer- 
tile and  well  settled.  It  has  3  stores,  several 
mechanics,  and  about  35  dwellings. 

Deckertown,  p-v.,  Wantage  t.,  Sussex  co., 
N.  J.,  87  n.  Trenton,  256  W.  It  contains  1  Pres- 
byterian church,  4  stores,  1  grist  m.  and  20  dwell- 
ings. It  is  situated  in  a  ricn  limestone  country. 
Dediiam,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  Me.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$1,000  ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $7,000.  5  sch.  197  scholars.  Pop.  455. 
Dedham,  p-t.,  capital  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  13 
s.  s.  w  Boston,  431  W.  Situated  on  Charles  r., 
which  affords  good  water  power.  Neponset  r. 
runs  on  its  e.  border,  and  a  small  stream  runs 
from  Charles  r.  into  Neponset.  r.  The  t.  is  well 
cultivated,  and  contains  4  Congregational  church- 
es, 1  Episcopal  and  1  Baptist.  The  v.  is  pleasantly 


situated  on  (  harles  r.,  and  contains  2  of  the  Con- 
gregational churches,  and  the  Episcopal,  a  (zrau- 
lte  court  house,  a  jail,  a  bank,  2  printing  office*, 
and  more  than  100  dwellings,  many  of  them  ele- 
gant. The  Boston  and  Providence  railroad 
passes  through  the  t.,  and  a  railroad  from  the  v., 
2  ms.  long,  connects  with  it.  It  has  12  stores,  cap. 
$17,000 ;  3  woollen  fac,  2  cotton  fac.  4,200  sp.,  2 
tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1  paper  far.,  2 
printing  offices,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $249,700.  3  acad.  68  students,  11  sch. 
725  scholars.    Pop.  3,290. 

Deep  Creek,  p-v.,  Norfolk  co.,  Va.,  114  s.  e. 
Richmond,  244  W.  Situated  on  both  sides  of 
Dismal  Swamp  canal,  at  its  termination.  It  con- 
tains 1  free  church,  6  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw 
m.,  several  mechanics,  and  25  dwellings.    Ex- 

B>rts,  cedar  shingles  and  other  lumber  from  the 
ismal  Swamp. 

Deep  Cut,  p-o.,  Mercer  co.,  O. 

Deep  River,  p-v.,  Saybrook  t.,  Middlesex  co., 
Ct.,  33  s.  by  e.  Hartford,  333  W.  Situated  on 
Connecticut  r.,  at  the  entrance  of  Deep  r.,  a 
small  tributary.  It  has  1  Congregational  and  1 
Baptist  church,  1  comb  fac,  and  several  dwellings. 

Deep  River,  p-o.,  Guilford  co.,  N.  C,  99  w. 
N.  w.  Raleigh,  320  W. 

Deep,  r.,  N.  C,  forms,  with  the  Haw,  the  n. 
w.  branch  of  Cape  Fear  r. 

Deep  River,  p-o.,  Lake  co.,  la.,  148  n.  n.  e. 
Indianapolis,  692  W. 

Deep  Spring,  p-o.,  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn.,  256 
E.  by  n.  Nashville,  441  W. 

Deep  Water,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,  Mo. 

Deep  Water,  t.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  261. 

Deep  Well,  p-o.,  Iredell  co.,  N.  C,  137  w. 
Raleigh,  374  W. 

Deer  Creek,  p-o.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  236  w.  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  291  W. 

Deer  Creek,  t.,  Madison  co.,  O.  It  has  1 
saw  m.,  4  sch.  151  scholars.    Pop.  515. 

Deer  Creek,  p-o.,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  61 
w.  Detroit,  564  W 

Deer  Creek  Works,  p-o.,  Harford  co.,  Md. 

Deer,  cr.,  a  small  stream,  Harford  co.,  Md., 
enters  the  Susquehanna. 

Deer  Creek,  t.,  Pickaway  co.,  O.  It  lies  s. 
by  w.  Columbus,  on  both  sides  of  a  creek  of  the 
same  name.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $1,500  ;  1  dis- 
tillery, 2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  2  sch.  30  scholars. 
Pop.  1,374. 

Deerfield,  p-t,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.,  19  s. 
e.  Concord,  475  W.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and 
the  soil  fertile,  but  not  easily  cultivated.  Set- 
tled in  1756.  Pleasant  pond,  a  large  body  of 
water  in  the  n.  part,  has  its  outlet  into  Suncook 
r.  Lamprey  r.  passes  through  the  t.  It  has  9 
stores,  cap.  $8,000  ;  4  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.,  1  oil  m.,  13  sch.  720  scholars.  Population, 
1,950. 

Deerfield,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  95  w.  by 
n.  Boston,  399  W.  Connecticut  r.  runs  on  its  e. 
border,  and  Deerfield  r.  runs  through  it,  and  here 
joins  the  Connecticut  r.  It  is  fertile,  and,  partic- 
ularly on  the  rivers,  has  some  of  the  best  meadows 
in  the  state.  The  v.,  which  is  separated  from  Con- 
necticut r.  by  a  chain  of  high  hills,  is  pleasantly 
situated  on  a  plain,  chiefly  on  one  street,  and 
contains  a  Congregational  church,  and  an  acade- 
my. There  are  in  the  t.,  7  stores,  cap.  $25,300 ; 
1  tannery,  2  rope  fac,  3  grist  ra.,  5  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $23,219.  1  acad.  123  students,  15 
sch.  303  scholars.    Pop.  1,912. 

Deerfield,  t.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  4  ms.  n. 
Utica.    Surface  generally  hilly ;  soil,  in    some 

Sarts  very  fertile.     Drained  by  tributaries  of  the 
lohawk  r.     It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $8,600 ;  1  gnat 


DEE 


170 


DEK 


iirT^r^^C^nTn^nufac.  $13,230.     11 

sc'h.  458  scholars.    ^P-^^O  Th 

Deerfield,  t.,  Cumberland  co.,  N.  J.     lhe 
surface  is  level ;  soil,  clay,  gravel  and  sand,  made 
1  bv  Cohansev  cr.  and 


fertile  by  marl.  Drained  by  Cohansey  cr, 
Muddy  run,  a  branch  of  Maurice  r.  It  contains 
4  churches-2  Presbyterian,  1  Bap  is  ,  and 1  Me- 
.. ...j:„.      jt  i)as  5  stores,  cap.  $46,000  ;  1  lulling 


,er  fee,  1  printing  office,  1  bindery, 
Weekly  newspaper,  1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m 
saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $97,975 


m!  1  woollen  fee.'*  distilleries, £gkiss  house,  1 

2 
3acad.  396 
students,  if  sch.  836  scholars.     Pop.  2,621. 

Deerfield,  t.,  Tioga  co  Pa.,  13  n.  w.  We  lsbo- 
rough.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  gravelly  loam. 
Drained  by  Cowanesque  cr.,  and  Marsh  cr.  a 
tributary  of  Crooked  cr.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$10,500;  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  3 
saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,450.  Z 
sch.  140  scholars.    Pop.  615. 

Deerfield,  p-v.,  Warren  co.,  Pa.,  116  s.  w. 
Harrisburg,  312  W.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,000  ; 
5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,500.  4  sch.  80 
scholars.    Pop.  450. 

Deerfield,  p-t,  Portage  co.,  O.,  14'J  n.  e. 
Columbus,  310  W.  Watered  by  Mahoning  r. 
The  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio  canal  passes  through 
the  t.     It  has  6  sch.  221  scholars.     Pop.  1,184. 

Deerfield,  t.,  Warren  co.,  O.  It  has  6  sch. 
628  scholars.    Pop.  1,871. 

Deerfield,  p-v.,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  bo  s.  w. 
Detroit,  495  W. 

Deerfield,  t.,  Morgan  co.,  O.  It  has  9  sch. 
307  scholars.     Pop.  1,235. 

Deerfield,  p-v.,  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  134  w.  N. 
w.  Richmond,  171  W. 

Deerfield,  t.,  Ross  co.,  O.,  44  s.  Columbus. 
Pop.  1,235. 

Deerfield,  p-v.,  Randolph  co..  la.,  88  e.  n.  e. 
Indianapolis,  511  W. 
Deerfield,  t.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  301. 
Deerfield,  t,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.    It  has 
4  sch.  115  scholars.    Pop.  440. 

Deerfield  Street,  p-v.,  Deerfield  t.,  Cum- 
berland co.,  N.  J.,  62  s.  s.  w.  Trenton,  173  W. 
It  contains  a  Presbyterian  church,  1  store,  and 
25  dwellings.  The  t.  is  drained  by  Cohansey  cr., 
and  contains  4  churches,  2  Presbyterian,  1  Bap- 
tist, and  1  Methodist,  and  an  academy,  11  stores, 
1  large  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.,  and  1  woollen  fac. 
Deerfield,  r.,  Mass.,  rises  in  Vt.,  and  after  a 
course  of  50  ms.  enters  the  Connecticut  in  the  n. 
part  of  Deerfield  t.  Its  precipitous  banks,  in  its 
passage  through  the  mountains,  are  curious  and 
romantic. 

Deerfieldville,  p-v.,  Union  t.,  Warren  co., 
O.,  89  s.  e.  Columbus,  473  W.  Founded  in  1795, 
when  it  was  a  frontier  town.  Situated  on  the  n. 
bank  of  Little  Miami  r.  The  river  bottoms  are 
here  exceedingly  rich,  but  being  liable  to  be 
overflowed,  tins  circumstance  has  retarded  the 
growth  of  the  place.  It  contains  about  15  houses 
and  20  families. 

Deering,  p-t.,  Hillsboro'  co.,  N.  H.,  25  s.  w. 
Concord,  469  W.  Watered  by  Contoocook  r. 
Incorporated  in  1774.  The  surface  is  diversified, 
and  the  soil  moderately  fertile.  It  has  some 
manufactures,  particularly  of  brick.  I  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $4,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$4,910.     11  sch.  377  scholais.    Pop.  1,124. 

Deer  Isle,  p-t.,  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  93  e.  by  s. 
Augusta,  689  W.  The  t.  consists  of  an  island 
on  the  e.  side  of  Penobscot  bay,  with  2  or  3 
small  adjoining  islands.  Incorporated  in  1789. 
These  islands  are  fertile  ;  and  having  good  har- 
bors, are  well  situated  for  engaging  in  the  fishe- 


ries. It  has  15  stores,  cap.  $13,650 ;  1  fulling  m.' 
2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  acad.  30  stu- 
dents, 2  sch.  1,170  scholars.     Pop.  2,841. 

Deerpark,  t.,  Orange  co.,  N.  Y.,  38  w.  New- 
burgh,  108  s.  s.  w.  Albany.  On  the  e.  the  sur- 
face is  mountainous,  but  on  the  w.,  toward  the 
Delaware,  which  washes  its  s.  w.  border,  it  is 
level.  The  soil  is  gravelly  loam,  and  alluvial 
sand,  and  vegetable  mold.  Watered  by  Never- 
sink  r.,  and  Bush's  kill,  tributaries  of  the  Dela- 
ware. The  Delaware  and  Hudson  canal,  and 
the  New  York  and  Erie  railroad  pass  through  the 
t.  It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $35,400  ;  6  grist  m.,  9  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $39,400.  3  acad.  236  stu- 
dents, 3  sch.  114  scholars.     Pop.  1,607. 

Deer  River  Falls,  p-o.,  Duane  t.,  Franklin 
co.,  N.  Y.,  197  n.  by  w.  Albany,  530  W. 

Deersville,  p-v.,  Stock  t.,  Harrison  co.,  O^ 
109  e.  by  N.  Columbus,  296  W. 

Defiance,  p-v.,  Defiance  t.,  capital  of  Wil- 
liams co.,  O.,  152  N.  w.  Columbus,  504  W.  Situ- 
ated at  the  junction  of  Maumee  and  Auglaize 
rivers.  It  is  well  located  for  commerce,  being 
on  the  Wabash  and  Erie  canal,  and  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Miami  and  Wabash  canal,  and  at  the 
union  of  several  navigable  rivers.  It  has  a  court 
house,  jail,  and  944  inhabitants.  It  was  an  im- 
portant military  post  in  the  Indian  wars.  It  has 
8  stores,  cap.  $31,300 ;  1  tannery,  1  printing  of- 
fice, 1  weekly  newspaper,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  in. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,550.  4  sch.  160  scholars. 
Defrietsville,  p-v.,  Greenbush  t.,  Rensse- 
laer co.,  N.  Y.,  4  s.  E.  Albany,  347  W.  It  con- 
tains 1  Dutch  Reformed  church,  1  store,  and  15 
dwellings. 

De  Kalb,  county,  Ga.  Situated  centrally 
toward  the  n.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  360 
sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  an  elevated  table  land. 
The  Chattahoochee  r.  runs  on  its  n.  w.  border. 
Watered  by  branches  of  the  Chattahoochee  and 
of  the  Ocmulgee  rivers.  The  Georgia  railroad 
from  Augusta,  extends  to  the  centre  of  this  co., 
and  is  to  be  continued  to  Tennessee  r.  Capital, 
Decatur.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,209, 
sheep  4,396,  swine  19,235 ;  wheat  45,648  bush. 
produced,  Ind.  corn  293,054,  oats  47,007,  pota- 
toes 1,051,  tobacco  270  pounds ;  20  stores,  cap. 
$132,200 ;  3  tanneries,  4  distilleries,  17  grist  m., 
14  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,500.  2  acad. 
77  students,  10  sch.  245  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 
10,042;  1840,  whites  8,456,  slaves  2,004,  free 
col'd  7 ;  total,  10,467. 

De  Kalb,  county,  Ala.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,500  sq.  ms. 
Tennessee  r.  forms  its  H.  w.  boundary.  Drained 
by  Will's  cr.,  a  branch  of  Coosa  r.  The  surface 
is  uneven,  excepting  along  the  valley  of  the  creek. 
Capital,  Lebanon.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  8,853,  sheep  2,562,  swine  98,779 ;  wheat 
14,965  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  313,591,  oats 
12,520,  potatoes  21,231,  tobacco  17,563  pounds, 
cotton  94,723  ;  10  stores,  cap.  $12,500 ;  3  tanne- 
ries, 8  distilleries,  10  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  2  acad. 
147  students,  6  sch.  164  scholars.     Pop.  5,929. 

De  Kalb,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  cen- 
tral part  of  the  state,  and  contains  275  sq.  ms. 
The  n.  and  w.  parts  are  hilly  and  broken,  being  on 
the  declivity  of  the  Cumberland  mountains.  1  he 
s.  part  is  level  barrens,  affording  good  pasturage 
for  cattle.  The  soil  is  generally  thin,  but  lertile, 
producing  tobacco  and  grain.  Capital,  bmith- 
ville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,921, 
sheep  5,832,  swine  22,029;  wheat  17^235  bush, 
produced,  rye  3,210,  Ind.  corn  244,319,  oats 
23,524,  potatoes  71,000,  tobacco  50,087  pounds 
cotton  17,706  ;  6  stores,  cap.  $15,050  -  1 


10  tanne- 


ries, 26  distilleries,  5  flouring  m.,  75  grist  m. 


31 


DEL 


171 


DEL 


3  binde- 


saw  m.,  1  paper  fac,  4  printing  offices,  9 
ries,  1  daily,  5  weekly,  3  semi-weekly  newspa- 
pers. Cap.  in  manufac.  §344,230.  10  sch.  122 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  5,398,  slaves  459,  free 
col'tl  11;  total,  5,808. 

Dk  Kalb,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  suite,  and  contains  365  sq.  ras.  Or- 
ganized in  1835.  Watered  by  St.  Joseph's 
branch  of  3Iaumee  r.  and  several  creeks.  Cap- 
ital, Auburn.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
1,967,  sheep  400,  swine  3,038  ;  wheat  9,058  bush, 
produeed,  Ind.  corn  31,730,  oats  6,958,  potatoes 
18,679,  tobacco  135  pounds,  sugar  41,760 ;  4  stores, 
cap.  si"), 200;  1  grist  m.,  3saw  ra.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac $6,300.     10  sch.  191  scholars.     Pop.  1,968. 

Dk  Kalb,  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence  CO.,  N.  Y.,  195 
N.  n.  w.  Albany,  464  W.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  the  soil  moderately  fertile.  Watered  by 
Oswegatchie  r.  and  its  tributaries.  Marble  and 
iron  ore  are  found  here.  The  v.  is  situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  Oswegatchie  r.,  which  has  falls 
here,  affording  good  water  power.  It  contains 
1  store,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  30  dwellings,  and 
about  150  inhabitants.  The  r.  is  navigable  for 
boats  to  Ogdensburg.  There  are  in  the  t.,  1 
store,  cap.  $6,000  ;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,415.  14  sch.  521  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,531. 

De  Kalb,  p-o.,  Richland  co.,  O.,  80  N.  N.  E. 
Columbus,  406  W. 

De  Kalb,  p-v.,  Hancock  co.,  111.,  100  w.  n.  w. 
Springfield,  878  W. 

De  Kalb,  p-v.,  capital  of  Kemper  co.,  Miss., 
106  e.  n.  e.  Jackson,  911  W.  Situated  2  ms.  s. 
Sacarnochee  cr.  It  contains  a  court  house,  and 
a  few  dwellings. 

De  Kalb,  p-v.,  Lewis  co.,  Va.,  313  w.  N.  w. 
Richmond,  281  W.  Situated  on  the  N.  bank  of 
Little  Kanawha  r. 

De  Kalb,  p-o.,  Buchanan  co.,  Mo. 

Delavan,  p-o.,  Yorkshire  t.,  Cattaraugus  co., 
N.  Y.,  282  w.  by  s.  Albany,  337  W. 

Delavan,  p-o.,  Walworth  co.,  Wis.,  64  s.  E. 
Madison,  811  W. 

Delavan,  p-o.,  Tazewell  co.,  111.,  45  n.  Spring- 
field, 783  W. 

Delaware,  r.,  rises  by  2  principal  branches 
on  the  w.  side  of  the  Catskill  mountains.  The 
Mohawks,  or  western  branch,  proceeds  from  a 
small  lake  in  a  s.  w.  direction,  and  turning  s.  e., 
it  reaches,  the  Pennsylvania  line  in  lat.  42°,  and 
proceeding  7  miles  on  the  line  between  that  state 
and  N.  York,  it  receives  the  Popacton  branch, 
which  also  proceeds  from  the  Catskill  mountains, 
in  a  s.  w.  direction  to  its  junction.    After  the 


union  of  these  streams,  the  river  pursues  a  wind- 
ing course  to  the  s.  k.,  forming  the  boundary  be- 
tween  N.  York  and  Pennsylvania,  in  the  whole, 
for  50  miles.  It  touches  the  .\.  w.  corner  of  N. 
Jersey  at  Carpenter's  point,  in  lat.  41°  24'.  It 
then  takes  a  s.  w.  direction,  until  at  its  passage 
through  the  Kittatinny  or  Blue  mountains,  it 
turns  to  the  s.  e.  This  passage,  called  the  Dela- 
ware Water  Gap,  is  a  great  curiosity.  The 
banks  rise  in  a  rugged  and  lofty  wall,  1,600  feet 
high,  precipitously  from  the  water's  edge,  unbro- 
ken. The  distance  through  the  mountains  is 
about  2  miles,  and  in  one  place  the  river  has 
worn  out  of  the  rock  a  basin  from  the  hill  of 
many  acres  in  extent.  In  general,  there  is  hard- 
ly room  along  the  water's  edge  for  a  road,  it 
being  in  many  places  overhung  by  immense 
rocks.  Through  this  pass  the  river  has  a  great 
depth.  At  Easton,  it  receives  from  the  w.  the 
Lehigh,  one  of  its  principal  tributaries.  A 
little  below  Easton,  the  river  passes  S.  Moun- 
tain, and  has  a  course  s.  w.  60  miles  to  Trenton, 
in  which  distance  there  are  25  rapids,  with  a 
total  fall  of  165  feet ;  but  they  are  navigable  at 
high  water.  The  river,  below  Trenton,  turns  to 
the  s.  w.  until  near  the  bay,  which  it  enters  in  a 
s.  e.  direction.  The  river,  from  its  source  to  the 
ocean,  is  about  309  miles  long.  It  is  navigable 
for  vessels  of  the  largest  class,  40  ms.  to  Phila- 
delphia ;  and  for  sloops,  35  ms.  further  to  Tren- 
ton. Above  the  falls  at  Trenton,  it  is  navigable 
for  boats  of  8  or  9  tons,  100  miles.  The  Dela- 
ware is  connected  to  the  Hudson  river  by  the 
Delaware  and  Hudson,  and  by  the  Morris  canals. 
There  is  also  a  canal  from  the  Delaware  to  the 
Chesapeake  bay,  14  ms.  long,  60  feet  wide  and  8 
feet  deep,  sufficient  for  the  passage  of  small  ves- 
sels. There  are  5  bridges  over  the  Delaware, 
the  lowest  of  which  is  at  Trenton.  The  largest 
cities  and  towns  on  the  Delaware  are  Philadel- 
phia, Burlington,  Trenton,  and  Easton. 

Delaware  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  Delaware  r.t 
is  a  large  arm  of  the  sea,  65  miles  long,  and  18 
miles  across  at  its  mouth,  between  Cape  May  on 
the  n.,  and  Cape  Henlopen  on  the  s.  In  the  mid- 
dle, it  is  30  miles  across.  For  70  miles  from  the 
sea,  this  bay  has  no  safe  natural  harbor ;  and 
within  Cape  Henlopen,  a  magnificent  work, 
called  the  Delaware  Breakwater,  has  been  erect- 
ed by  the  general  government,  consisting  of  a 
stone  dyke  or  pier,  1,200  yards  long,  and  another 
500  yards  long,  forming  a  safe  artificial  harbor. 
900,000  cubic  yards  of  stone  were  consumed  in 
these  structures.  The  stones  weigh  from  a 
quarter  of  a  ton  to  3  tons  each. 


DELAWARE. 

Delaware,  one  of  the  middle  United  States,  and,  next  to  Rhode  Island,  the  least  in  the  Union, 
is  bounded  n.  by  Pennsylvania ;  e.  by  Delaware  river  and  bay ;  s.  and  w.  by  Maryland.  It  is 
between  38°  29'  and  39°  47'  n.  lat.,  and  between  74°  56'  and  75°  40'  w.  Ion.,  and  between  1°  13 
and  lo  57'  e.  from  W.  It  is  92  miles  long,  and  23  broad,  and  contains  2,120  sq.  ms.,  or  1,356,800 
acres.  The  population  in  1790,  was  59,094;  in  1800,  64,272  ;  in  1810,  72,674;  in  1820,  72,749;  in 
1830,  76,739;  in  1840,  78,085  :  of  which  2,605  were  slaves  ;  29,259  were  white  males,  29,302  do. 
females,  8,626  free  colored  males,  8,293  do.  females.  Employed  in  agriculture,  16,015  ;  in  com- 
merce, 467;  in  manufactures  and  trades,  4,060  ;  navigating  the  ocean,  401 ;  do.  canals  and  rivers, 
235  ;  learned  professions  and  engineers,  199. 

This  state  is  divided  into  three  counties,  which,  with  their  population  in  1840,  and  their  capitals, 
are  as  follows ;  Kent,  19,872,  Dover ;  New  Castle,  33,120,  Wilmington  and  New  Castle ;  Sus- 
sex, 25,093,  Georgetown.    These  counties  are  divided  into  24  hundreds. 

Dover,  situated  on  Jones's  creek,  7  miles  from  its  entrance  into  Delaware  bay,  is  the  seat  of  go- 
vernment. 

The  lower  part  of  this  state  is  very  level.    The  northern  part  is  moderately  hilly  and  rough,  and 


DEL  172  DEL 


some  of  the  heights  are  commanding.  An  elevated  table  land,  toward  its  western  border,  passes 
through  the  state,  dividing  the  waters  which  fall  into  the  Chesapeake,  from  those  which  fall  into 
Delaware  bay  ;  it  contains  a  chain  of  swamps,  from  which  the  principal  streams  take  their  rise  ; 
some  flowing  w.  to  the  Chesapeake,  and  others  E.  to  the  Delaware.  The  soil  in  the  n.  is  a  strong 
clay ;  in  the  middle  it  is  mixed  with  sand ;  and  in  the  s.  part,  the  sand  predominates.  In  the 
neighborhood  of  Delaware  river,  the  soil  is  rich  and  productive,  but  becomes  less  so  toward  the 
swamps  in  the  w.  The  principal  productions  are  wheat,  of  a  superior  quality,  Indian  corn,  rye, 
barley,  oats,  flax,  buckwheat,  and  potatoes.  The  southern  part  affords  some  fine  grazing  land ; 
and  from  a  cypress  swamp  on  Indian  river,  12  miles  long  from  n.  to  s.,  and  6  miles  broad  from  E.  to 
w.  large  quantities  of  timber  are  exported.  Wheat  is  the  principal  article  of  export,  and  the 
Brandywine  mills,  in  the  neighborhood  of  Wilmington,  are  among  the  finest  in  the  United  States. 
In  this  state  there  were  in  1840, 14,421  horses  and  mules,  53,833  neat  cattle,  39,247  sheep,  74,228 
swine  ;  poultry  valued  at  $47,265.  There  were  produced  315,165  bush,  of  wheat,  5,260  of  barley, 
927,405  of  oats,  33,546  of  rye,  11,299  of  buckwheat,  2,099,359  of  Indian  corn,  64,404  pounds  of  wool, 
200,712  bush,  of  potatoes,  22,483  tons  of  hay,  1,458  pounds  of  silk  cocoons.  The  products  of  the 
dairy  amounted  to  $113,828,  and  of  the  orchard  to  $28,211. 

The  exports  in  1840,  were  $37,001,  and  the  imports  were  $802.  There  were  327  retail  dry- 
goods  and  other  stores,  employing  a  capital  of  $967,750  ;  140  persons  were  engaged  in  the  lumber 
trade,  with  a  capital  of  $83,280 ;  165  persons  were  employed  in  the  fisheries,  with  a  capital  of 
$170,000.  The  manufactures  are  more  considerable  than  its  commerce.  There  were  home-made 
or  family  articles  produced  to  the  amount  of  $62,116 ;  2  woollen  manufactories,  employing  83  per- 
sons, producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $104,700,  and  employing  a  capital  of  $107,000  ;  11  cotton 
manufactories,  with  24,492  sp.,  employing  566  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $332,272, 
and  employing  a  capital  of  $330,500 ;  2  furnaces  produced  17  tons  of  cast  iron,  and  5  forges  produ- 
ced 449  tons  of  bar  iron,  with  a  capital  of  $36,200  ;  1  paper  mill  produced  to  the  amount  of  $20,800, 
and  other  manufactures  of  paper  to  the  amount  of  $1,500,  the  whole  employing  15  persons,  and  a 
capital  of  $16,200 ;  9  persons  manufactured  pottery  to  the  amount  of  $4,300,  with  a  capital  of 
$1,100  ;  hats  and  caps  were  manufactured  to  the  amount  of  $15,300,  and  straw  bonnets  to  the  amount 
of  $450,  employing  35  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $9,075 ;  18  tanneries  employed  66  persons,  and  a 
capital  of  $89,300  ;  75  other  manufactories  of  leather,  as  saddleries,  &c,  manufactured  articles  to 
the  amount  of  $166,037,  employing  a  capital  of  $161,630 ;  9  persons  manufactured  confectionery 
to  the  amount  of  $6,500,  with  a  capital  of  $2,500  ;  27  powder  mills,  employing  145  persons,  manu- 
factured 2,100,000  pounds  of  gunpowder,  with  a  capital  of  $220,000 ;  299  persons  manufactured 
machinery  to  the  amount  of  $314,500;  10  persons  manufactured  hardware  and  cutlery  to  the 
amount  of  $22,000;  10  persons  manufactured  granite  and  marble  to  the  amount  of  $12,000  ;  116  per- 
sons produced  brick  and  lime  to  the  amount  of  $56,536 ;  143  persons  manufactured  carriages  and  wag- 
ons to  the  amount  of  $49,417,  with  a  capital  of  $25,150;  21  flouring  mills  manufactured  76,194 
barrels  of  flour,  and  with  other  mills,  employed  288  persons,  and  produced  to  the  amount  of 
$737,971,  with  a  capital  of  $294,150 ;  ships  were  built  to  the  amount  of  $35,400  ;  130  persons  manu- 
factured furniture  to  the  amount  of  $16,300,  employing  a  capital  of  $34,800  ;  47  brick  houses,  and 
104  wooden  houses  built,  employed  299  persons,  and  cost  $145,850 ;  6  printing  offices  and  2 
binderies,  3  weekly  and  3  semi- weekly  newspapers,  and  2  periodicals,  employed  33  persons,  and 
a  capital  of  $11,450.  The  whole  amount  of  capital  in  the  state  employed  in  manufactures  was 
$1,589,215. 

The  climate  of  this  state  is  generally  mild,  though  in  the  northern  part  the  winter  season  is 
sometimes  considerably  severe.    It  is  generally  healthy. 

The  rivers  are  small.  Brandywine  creek  rises  in  Pennsylvania,  is  40  miles  long,  and  uniting 
with  Christiana  creek,  forms  the  harbor  of  Wilmington,  1  m.  below  the  town,  and  2  miles  w.  of 
Delaware  river.    Duck  creek,  Mispillion  creek,  and  Indian  river  flow  into  the  Delaware. 

Delaware  bay  washes  the  eastern  part  of  the  state.  It  has  no  good  natural  harbors  in  this  part 
of  it.  To  remedy  this  inconvenience,  the  government  of  the  United  States  have  undertaken  the 
construction  of  the  Delaware  Breakwater,  in  front  of  Lewiston,  near  Cape  Henlopen.  It  consists 
of  2  piers,  an  ice-breaker,  1,500  feet  long,  and  a  breakwater,  3,600  feet  long,  and  when  completed, 
is  estimated  to  cost  $2,216,950. 

Wilmington  is  the  largest  and  most  commercial  town  in  the  state.  Vessels  drawing  14  feet  of 
water  can  come  to  its  wharves ;  it  has  considerable  trade,  and  has  several  ships  engaged  in  the 
whaling  business.    The  other  principal  towns  are  Dover  and  New  Castle. 

There  is  but  one  college  in  the  state,  Newark  College,  at  Newark,  which  was  founded  in  1833, 
and  had,  in  1840,  23  students.    Besides  this  there  were  in  the  state,  20  academies,  with  761  stu- 
dents ;  152  primary  and  common  schools,  with  6,924  scholars ;  and  4,832  persons  over  20  years  of 
age  who  could  neither  read  nor  write. 
The  principal  religious  denominations  are  the  Presbyterians,  who,  in  1836,  had  15  ministers,  the 


DEL 173 DEL 

Methodists,  15  ministers;  the  Episcopalians,  6  ministers  ;  the  Baptists,  9  churches  and  5  ministers  ; 
and  the  Roman  Catholics,  2  ministers ;  besides  some  Friends. 

In  Jan.,  1810,  the  state  had  4  banks,  and  4  branches,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $1,071,318. 
The  state  had  no  state  debt. 

The  present  constitution  was  adopted  in  1831.  The  governor  is  chosen  for  4  years,  and  to  be 
ever  after  ineligible.  The  senate  consists  of  3  members  from  each  county,  chosen  for  4  years. 
The  representatives  are  7  from  each  county,  chosen  once  in  two  years.  The  Legislature  meets 
once  in  two  years,  on  the  first  Tuesday  of  January.  The  elections  are  held  on  the  second  Tues- 
day of  November.  Every  male  citizen  over  22  years  of  age,  who  has  resided  one  year  in  the  state, 
and  the  last  month  in  the  county  in  which  he  votes,  and  paid  a  tax,  has  the  right  of  suffrage  ;  and 
if  he  be  between  21  and  22  years,  and  otherwise  qualified,  he  may  vote  without  the  payment  of  a 
tax.  The  state  treasurer  is  chosen  by  the  legislature  biennially ;  and  in  case  of  his  death,  resigna- 
tion, &c.,  the  governor  fills  the  office  until  the  next  session  of  the  legislature.  The  judicial  power 
of  the  state  is  exercised  by  four  common  law  judges  and  a  chancellor.  Of  the  4  law  judges,  ono 
is  chief-justice,  and  the  others  are  associates.  The  chief-justice  and  chancellor  may  be  appointed 
from  any  part  of  the  state,  but  there  must  be  one  associate  judge  in  each  county.  A  court  consists 
of  the  cliief-justice  and  two  associates.  No  associate  judge  is  permitted  to  sit  in  his  own  county. 
The  legislature  have  power  to  establish  such  inferior  courts  as  may  be  necessary.  The  chancel- 
lor exercises  the  powers  of  a  court  of  chancery,  and  with  all  the  judges,  a  court  of  appeals. 

The  constitution  provides  that  no  act  of  incorporation  shall  be  passed  without  a  vote  of  two 
thirds,  unless  it  be  the  renewal  of  an  existing  incorporation  ;  and  all  acts  are  to  contain  a  power  of 
revocation  by  the  legislature.  No  act  hereafter  passed  shall  be  in  force  longer  than  20  years, 
without  a  re-enactment  by  the  legislature.  No  person  belonging  to  the  military,  naval,  or  marine 
service  of  the  United  States,  can  gain  such  a  residence  as  will  entitle  him  to  vote,  by  being  sta- 
tioned at  any  military  or  naval  post  in  the  state. 

The  Chesapeake  and  Delaware  canal,  is  the  most  important  work  of  internal  improvement  in  this 
state.  It  crosses  the  northern  part  of  the  state,  commencing  at  Delaware  city,  46  miles  below 
Philadelphia,  and  extends  13£  miles  to  Back  creek,  a  navigable  branch  of  Elk  River.  Being  66 
feet  wide  at  the  surface  and  10  feet  deep,  it  is  navigable  for  sloops  and  steamboats.  The  Deep 
Cut  in  this  canal  is  4  miles  in  length,  through  a  hill  90  feet  high.  This  canal  was  commenced  in 
1824,  and  completed  in  1829,  at  a  cost  of  $2,200,000.  The  New  Castle  and  Frenchtown  railroad 
also  forms  a  connection  between  the  Delaware  and  Chesapeake.  It  extends  from  New  Castle  on 
the  Delaware  river,  to  Frenchtown  on  Elk  river,  is  16£  miles  long,  and  was  finished  in  1832,  at  an 
expense  of  $400,000. 

Delaware  was  first  settled  by  the  Swedes  and  Finns,  under  the  patronage  of  Gustavus  Adolphus, 
and  received  the  name  of  New  Sweden.  In  1630,  they  built  a  fort  at  Lewiston,  and  in  a  year  after, 
another  near  Wilmington.  They  were  too  weak,  and  too  far  removed  from  the  protection  of  the 
mother  country,  to  sustain  themselves  against  the  Dutch,  who  subdued  them  in  1655.  In  1664, 
this  territory  was  included  in  the  country  taken  by  the  English  from  the  Dutch,  granted  by 
Charles  II.  to  the  Duke  of  York,  who,  in  1682,  conveyed  it  to  William  Penn.  Delaware  remained 
nominally  united  to  Pennsylvania,  and  under  its  proprietary  government,  until  1775 ;  though  they 
had,  in  fact,  a  separate  government  before.  They  were  denominated  the  Lower  Countries  of  the 
Delaware,  and  as  such,  were  represented  in  the  first  congress  at  New  York,  in  1765.  This  state 
suffered  severely  in  the  revolutionary  war,  in  which  its  citizens  bore  an  honorable  part.  In  con- 
vention, they  adopted  the  constitution  of  the  United  States,  December  3d,  1787,  by  a  unanimous 
vote. 


Delaware,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  toward 
the  s.  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  460  square 
ms.  The  surface  is  rough  and  hilly,  but  the  land 
in  the  valleys  is  of  a  superior  quality,  and  the 
hills  are  well  adapted  to  grazing.  Watered  by 
head  branches  of  Delaware  and  Susquehanna 
rivers,  down  which  lumber  is  floated  to  a  market. 
The  chief  articles  of  export  are  live  stock  and 
lumber.  Capital,  Delhi.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  56,982,  sheep  135,843,  swine  27,738  ; 
wheat  94,120  bush,  produced,  rye  128,053,  Indian 
corn  46,454,  buckwheat  63,832,  barley  1,158,  oats 
464,715,  potatoes  779,424,  sugar  398,967  pounds ; 
82  stores,  cap.  $280,897 ;  24  fulling  m.,  5  wool- 
len fac,  28  tanneries,  52  grist  m.,  220  saw  m.,  2 
printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $312,495.  2  acad.  433  students,  284 
sch.  10,651  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  32,933;  1840, 
35,396. 

Delaware,  county,  Pa.    Situated  in  the  s.  e. 


part  of  the  state,  and  contains  220  square  miles 
Drained  by  Darby,  Ridley,  and  Chester  creeks, 
which  afford  numerous  mill  seats.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  the  soil  productive.  A  large 
amount  of  the  vegetables  in  the  Philadelphia 
market  is  supplied  from  this  county,  and  the 
amount  of  its  manufactures  is  great.  Capital, 
Chester.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  14,786, 
sheep  7,121,  swine  12,426;  wheat  91,381  bushels 
produced,  rye  3,359,  Ind.  corn  178,264,  buckwheat 
1,846,  barley  3,443,  oats  219,047,  potatoes  81,895, 
silk  cocoons  210  pounds ;  43  stores,  cap.  $126,000 ; 
2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $9,500;  5  fulling  m.,  1  fur- 
nace, 9  woollen  fee,  21  cotton  fac.  36,202  sp.,  d 
dyeing  and  print,  estab.,  12  tanneries,  4  potter- 
ies, 2  flouring  m.,  29  grist  m.,  39  saw  m.,  11  paper 
fee,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $671,824.  2  colleges  118  stu- 
dents, 51  sch.  2,257  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 17,361 ; 
1840,  19,791. 


DEL 


~  DELAWARE,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  cen- 
tral part  of  the  state,  and  contains  610  sq.  miles. 
The  Scioto  and  Whetstone  rivers,  and  Alum 
and  Big  Walnut  creeks,  pass  through  the  county 
from  n.  to  s.,  and,  with  other  streams,  afford  many 
mill  seats.  The  soil  is  well  adapted  to  farming. 
Capital,  Delaware.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  19,732,  sheen  26,840,  swine  37,331  ;  wheat 
139,531  bush,  produced,  rye  3,620,  Indian  corn 
410,618,  buckwheat  14,237,  barley  4,222,  oats 
206,282,  potatoes  68,037,  tobacco  18,250  pounds, 
sugar  269,087;  38  stores,  cap.  $79,755  ;  1  woollen 
fac,  19  tanneries,  6  distilleries,  37  grist  m.,  67 
saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  paper  fac,  1  printing  office,  1 
weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $149,970. 
1  acad.  42  students,  42  sch.  3,365  scholars.  Pop. 
1830,  11,523;  1840,22,060. 

Delaware,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  384  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  generally  level,  and  the  soil  productive. 
Drained  by  the  w.  fork  of  White  r.,  and  Missis- 
sinewa  r.,  besides  Bell  and  Buck  creeks.  Capi- 
tal, Muncietown.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 6,455,  sheep  6,952,  swine  11,465 ;  wheat  58,902 
bush,  produced,  rye  3,683,  Indian  corn  345,888, 
buckwheat  1,583,  oats  82,548,  potatoes,  20,780, 
sugar  99,778  pounds ;  16  tanneries,  2  distilleries, 
13  grist  m.,  14  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $51,621. 
1,329  scholars  in  schools.  Pop.  1830,  2,374 ;  1840, 
8,843. 

Delaware,  county,  Iowa.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  territory,  and  contains  576  sq.  miles. 
Watered  by  Macoquetais  r.  and  its  tributaries. 
The  surface  is  dry  and  rolling,  and  the  soil  is 
fertile.  It  abounds  with  excellent  timber.  Iron 
ore  is  found.  It  is  attached  to  Dubuque  co.  for 
judicial  purposes.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 228,  sheep  25,  swine  574  ;  wheat  450  bushels 
Produced,  Ind.  corn  3,775,  oats  690,  potatoes  1,475. 
'op.  168. 

Delaware,  t.,  Hunterdon  co.,  N.  J.  Situated 
on  the  e.  side  of  the  Delaware  r.,  and  drained  by 
Wickhecheoke  cr.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  12,000 ; 
3  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  6  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,360.  8  sch.  227 
scholars.    Pop.  2,305. 

Delaware,  t.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  7  n.  w.  Mer- 
cer. The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  clay  and 
loam.  Drained  by  Chenango  and  Lackawan- 
nock  crs.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,500 ;  1  tannery, 
1  distillery.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,600.  12  sch. 
455  scholars.    Pop.  2,024. 

Delaware,  p-t.,  Pike  co.,  Pa,,  148  n.  e.  Har- 
risburg,  242  W.  Watered  by  Dingman's  cr.  and 
Bushkill  cr.  Surface,  uneven  and  broken ;  soil, 
gravelly  loam.  The  v.  has  an  academy,  to  which 
the  state  gave  $1,000.  It  has  5  sch.  128  scholars. 
Pop.  590. 

Delaware,  t.,  Williams  co.,  O.,  lying  on  Mau- 
mee  r.,  w.  of  Defiance.  It  has  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.   $500.    2  sch.  41  scholars.    Pop. 

Delaware,  C  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Delaware 
co.,  O.,  24  n.  Columbus,  408  W.  It  is  pleasantly 
situated  on  the  w.  bank  of  the  Oleatangy  or 
Whetstone  r.,  across  which  is  a  handsome  bridge. 
It  contains  a  handsome  brick  court  house,  3 
churches— 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  and  1 
Methodist— 12  stores,  1  woollen  fac,  1  printing 
office,  150  houses,  and  898  inhabitants.  There  is 
a  white  sulphur  spring  in  the  s.  e.  border  of  the 
v.,  where  a  spacious  mansion  house  is  erected 
for  visiters,  and  which  is  considerably  frequented. 
There  are  also  several  chalybeate  springs  in  the 
immediate  vicinity.     Pop.  of  t.  1,091. 

Delaware,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  O.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $2,500 ;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  in.  Cap. 


174 DEM 

manufac  $3,015.    4  sch.  106  scholars.    Pop. 


451. 

Delaware,  p-v.,  Jersey  co.,  111.,  59  s.  w. 
Springfield,  826  W. 

Delaware,  t.,  Hamilton  co.,  la.    It  has  2  sch. 

39  scholars.     Pop.  753. 

Delaware,  p-v.,  Ripley  co.,  la.,  65  s.  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 536  W.    Pop.  1,258. 

Delaware,  city  and  p-v.,  Newcastle  co., 
Del.,  35  n.  Dover,  130  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
bank  of  Delaware  r.,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Ches- 
apeake and  Delaware  canal.    It  contains  30  or 

40  large  buildings. 

Delaware  Grove,  p-o.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  240 
w.  N.  w.  Harrisburg,  283  W. 

Delectable  Hill,  p-o.,  Pike  co.,  la.,  139  s. 
w  Indianapolis,  670  W. 

Delhi,  p-t.,  capital  of  Delaware  co.,  N.  Y.,  77 
w.  s.  w.  Albany,  327  W.  The  surface  is  broken, 
but  the  soil  in  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Drained  by 
branches  of  Delaware  r.,  which  here  unite  to 
form  the  Mohawks  or  w.  branch  of  the  Delaware. 
The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated  on  a  plain,  on  the 
w.  side  of  the  w.  branch  of  Cooquago  or  Mo- 
hawks r.  It  has  a  fine  court  house,  a  jail,  an 
academy,  3  churches,  10  stores,  1  woollen  fac,  1 
grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  125  dwell- 
ings, and  about  800  inhabitants.  Pop.  of  the  t. 
2,554.  The  t.  has  10  stores,  cap.  $45,000 ;  2  full- 
ing m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $35,700.  1  acad.  183  students,  17 
sch.  642  scholars. 

Delhi,  t,  Hamilton  co.,  O.,  between  Cincin- 
nati and  North  Bend.  It  is  a  small  township  of 
excellent  land.  It  has  3  sch.  107  scholars.  Pop. 
1,466. 

Delhi,  p-v.,  Jersey  co.,  111.,  78  s.  w.  Spring- 
field, 820  W. 

Delphi,  p-v.,  Pompey  t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N.  Y., 
119  w.  by  n.  Albany,  342  W.  It  contains  2 
churches,  3  stores  35  dwellings,  and  about  250  in- 
habitants. 

Delphi,  p-v.,  Marion  co.,  Tenn.,  114  s.  e. 
Nashville,  611  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Sequatchy  r. 

Delphi,  p-v.,  capital  of  Carroll  co.,  la.,  66  n.  n. 
w.  Indianapolis,  624  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  side 
of  Wabash  r.,  at  the  entrance  of  Deer  cr.  Near 
this  place  is  a  remarkable  spring  of  water,  of  a 
reddish  color.  It  contains  a  court  house,  2 
churches,  several  stores,  35  dwellings,  and  about 
200  inhabitants. 

Delphi,  p-v.,  Gasconade  co.,  Mo.,  53  s.  e.  Jef- 
ferson city,  917  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of 
Bourbeuse  cr. 

Delphton,  p-v.,  Fayette  co.,  Ky.,  20  e.  by  s. 
Frankfort,  530  W. 

Delta,  p-v.,  Lee  t,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  112  w. 
N.  w.  Albany,  396  W.  It  contains  1  church,  3 
stores,  1  large  flouring  m.,  1  fulling  m.,  1  furnace, 
1  distillery,  50  dwellings,  and  about  350  inhabit- 
ants. 

Delta,  p-o.,  Lucas  co.,  O.,  145  n.  by  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 476  W. 

Delta,  p-o.,  Parke  co.,  la.,  73  w.  Indianapolis, 
644  W. 

Delta,  p-o.,  Coahoma  co.,  Miss. 

Delmar,  t.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.  It  has  11  stores, 
cap.  $18,400 ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  printing 
office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  3  grist  m.,  13  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac  $23,050.  5  sch.  125  scholars 
Pop.  946. 

Demand,  t.,  Randolph  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1  sch 
20  scholars.    Pop.  319. 

Democrat,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  la. 

Democracy,  p-o.,  Pike  t.,  Knox  co,,  O.,  59  a 
Columbus,  377  W. 


DKP 


175 


DER 


Tuscaloosa,  876  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  bank  of 
Tombigbee  r.,  a  little  below  the  mouth  of  Black 
Warrior  r.  It  contains  a  U.  S.  land  office,  30 
stores,  and  150  dwellings. 

Demoss,  p-o.,  Belmont  co.,  O.,  126  e.  Colum- 
bus, 287  W. 
Dkmpseytown,  p-o.,  Venango  co.,  Pa. 
Denmark,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  82  s.  w.  Au- 
gusta, 47  N.  w.  Portland,  569  W.  Saco  r.  runs 
on  its  s.  w.  border.  It  has  a  good  soil,  producing 
excellent  wheat.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $1,500 ;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  15  sch. 
490  scholars.     Pop.  1,143. 

Denmark,  p-t.,  Lewis  co.,  N.  Y.,  146  n.  w. 
Albany,  435  W.  Black  r.  runs  on  its  n.  e.  bor- 
der. Watered  also  by  Deer  cr.  The  surface  is 
hilly,  and  the  soil  a  rich  loam,  underlaid  with 
limestone.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $17,800;  1  fur-, 
nace,  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  3  tanneries,  2 
grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
1 1 1 ,200.  1  acad.  120  students,  18  sch.  773  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  2,3S8. 

Denmark,  p-t.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.,  203  n.  e. 

Columbus,  335  W.    Organized  in  1815.    It  has  1 

grist  m.,  and  2  saw  m.  3  sch.  64  scholars.  Pop.  176. 

Dknmark,  p-v.,  Madison  co.,  Tenn.,  146  s.  w. 

by  w.  Nashville,  831  W. 

Dennis,  p-t.,  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  81  s.  E. 
Boston,  482  W.  It  extends  across  Cape  Cod. 
Salt  has  long  been  made  here  by  the  evaporation 
of  sea  water.  There  were  in  1840,  37,315  bush, 
produced.  Bass  r.,  issuing  from  a  small  pond, 
affords  some  water  power.  Considerable  ship- 
ping is  owned  at  this  place,  engaged  in  the  fish- 
eries and  the  coasting  trade.  It  has  19  stores, 
cap.  $22,325 ;  1  tannery,  5  grist  m.  Cap.  in  fish- 
eries $36,300  ;  in  manufac.  -$9,192.  14  sch.  899 
scholars.     Pop.  2,942. 

Dennis,  p-t.,  Cape  May  co.,  N.  J.,  85  s.  Tren- 
ton, 195  W.  Post-office  called  Dennis  Creek. 
Dennis  cr.,  which  enters  Delaware  bay,  runs  on 
its  s.  w.  border.  The  n.  part  consists  of  sandy 
plains.  There  are  in  the  t.  2  churches ;  7  stores, 
cap.  $13,800 ;  2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  4  sch.  205 
scholars.    Pop.  1,350. 

Dennison,  t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $13,000 ;  1  powder  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $42,500.  1  sch.  50  scholars.  Pop.  976. 
'  Dennisville,  p-o.,  Amelia  co.,  Va.,  53  s.  w. 
Richmond,  170  W. 

Dennysville,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  174 
E.  N.  e.  Augusta,  760  W.  Dennis  r.  runs  on  its 
s.  w.  border,  and  enters  Cobscook  bay,  which  lies 
s.  of  it.     It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $10,000  ;  1  tannery, 

1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,500. 

2  sch.  178  scholars.     Pop.  373. 
Dknton,  p-o.,  Pike  co.,  Pa.,  133  N.  e.  Hams- 
burg,  232  W. 

Denton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Caroline  co.,  Md.,  65 
E.  Annapolis,  105  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  bank 
of  Choptank  r.  It  contains  a  court  house  and 
several  dwellings. 

Dentonsville,  p-v.,  Hanover  co.,  Va.,  21  n 
Richmond,  133  W. 

Dent's  Mills,  p-o.,  Monongalia  co.,  Va.,  292 
N.  w.  Richmond,  223  W 

Depauville,  p-v.,  Clayton  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  N. 
Y.,  178  N.  w.  Albany,  428  W.  It  is  situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  Chaumont  r.,  and  contains  1  church 
2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  30  dwellings,  and 
about  200  inhabitants. 

Depere,  p-v.,  capital  of  Brown  co.,  Wiscon- 
sin, 153  n.  e.  Madison,  913  W. 

Depeyster,  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.  Y.,  198 
N.  N.  w.  Albany,  467  W.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  the  soil  fertile,  and  easily  tilled.  Black 


lake  lies  on  its  w.  lw>rder,  and  Oswegatchle  river 
passes  through  it.  It  has  1  saw  in.,  5  sch.,  165 
scholars.     Pop.  1,071. 

DtroeiT,  p-v.,  Tompkins  t.,  Delaware  con  N. 
Y.,  118  w.  b.  w.  Albany,  300  VV.  Situated  OB 
the  N.  side  of  Delaware  r.,  and  contains  1  Pretty* 
terian  and  1  I5;iptist  church,  5  stores,  1  rrial  in., 
2  saw  m.,  100  dwellings,  and  about  6iM)  inhabit- 
ants. Much  lumber  is  tloated  from  this  place, 
down  the  Delaware,  to  a  market. 

Deptford,  t.,  Gloucester  co.,  N.  J.  It  bai  a 
level  surface,  and  a  sandy  soil.  The  s.  part  is 
chiefly  a  pine  forest,  furnishing  timber  and  wood. 
Drained  by  Big  Timber  cr.  and  branches  of  Egg 
Harbor  r.  Woodbury  v.,  the  capital  of  the  co., 
is  in  this  t.  There  are  in  the  t.  14  stores,  cap: 
$28,000;  3  fulling  m.,  5  woollen  fac,  1  cotton 
fac,  1  tannery,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  news- 
paper, 2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3-2,900.  7 
sch.  662  scholars.     Pop.  2,570. 

Derby,  p-t.,  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  58  n.  n.  e.  Mont- 
pelier,  574  W.    It  is  bounded  w.  by  Lake  Mem- 

Ehremagog,  and  n.  by  the  Canada  line.  Watered 
y  Clyde  r.,  issuing  from  Salem  pond,  on  which 
are  mill  seats.  Pine  timber  is  found  near  the 
lake,  where  the  soil  is  light ;  but  further  back, 
the  growth  is  hard  wood,  and  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Organized  in  1798.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $24,700 ; 
2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  distil- 
lery, 2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$27,850.    12  sch.  658  scholars.    Pop.  1,631. 

Derby,  p-t.,  New  Haven  co.,  Ct.,  41  s.  w. 
Hartford,  300  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  the 
soil,  particularly  on  the  banks  of  the  rivers,  is  fer- 
tile.    Watered"  by  Housatonic,  which  washes  its 

w.  border,  and  Naugatuck  rivers.  The  prin- 
cipal v.  is  situated  at  the  head  of  sloop  naviga- 
tion, on  the  e.  side  of  the  Housatonic  r.,  just  be- 
low the  junction  of  Naugatuck  r.,  12  miles  from 
the  sound.  Naugatuck  r.  affords  excellent  water 
power.  The  harbor  is  good  for  vessels  of  80  tons, 
and  its  navigation  is  confined  chiefly  to  the  coast- 
ing trade  with  New  York.  A  few  miles  back 
from  the  Housatonic,  on  Naugatuck  r.,  is  the 
romantic  village  of  Humphreysville,  where  is  a 
large  woollen  factory,  which  was  one  of  the  Ant 
eslablished  in  the  United  States.  There  are  in 
the  t.  6  churches — 2  Congregational,  3  Episcopal, 
and  1  Methodist;  13  stores,  cap.  $32,800 ;  1  lum- 
ber yard,  cap.  $i8,000;  6  fulling  m.,  2  woollen 
fac,  3  cotton  fac  2,378  sp.,  3  tanneries,  4  distil- 
leries, 1  rope  fac,  2  paper  fac,  1  flouring  m.,  1 
grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $260,700, 
principally  in  metals.  2  acad.  57  students,  11 
sch.  695  scholars.    Pop.  2,851. 

Derby  Line,  p-o.,  Derby  t.,  Orleans  co.,  Vin 
61  n.  n.  e.  Montpelier,  377  W. 

Derickson's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Worcester 
co.,  Mass.,  107  s.  e.  Annapolis,  147  W. 

Derry,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.,  28  s.  e. 
Concord,  457  W.  Taken  from  the  e.  part  of 
Londonderry  in  1823.  It  has  a  fertile  soil,  well 
adapted  to  grazing.  It  has  some  manufactures. 
The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated.  There  are  in  the 
t.  5  stores,  cap.  $19,500  ;  3  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries. 
5  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $28,100. 

3  acad.  170  students,  11  sch.  521  scholars.    Pop. 
2,034.  ,  L         * 

Derby,  t,  Mifflin  co.,  Pa.  Watered  by  Kisii- 
coquilla  cr.  It  contains  Lewistown,  the  capital 
of  the  co.    It  has  1  forge,  3  tanneries,  4  gnst  m., 

4  saw  in.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $30,160.    6  sch.  199 
scholars.     Pop.  1,080. 

Derry,  t.,  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  12  s.  e.  Hams- 
burg.  The  surface  is  diversified;  soil,  calcareous 
loam  and  slate.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $23,d00; 
1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $3,500 ;  2  fulling  m.,2  wool- 


DES 


176 


DET 


len  fac,  2  tanneries,  5  distilleries,  5  flouring  m;, 

1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac  $/,<54. 

2  sch.  120  scholars.     Pop.  1,816 

Derry,  p-t.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  84  N.  by  E. 
Harrisburg,  194  W.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil, 
clay  and  calcareous  loam.  It  has  5  stores,  cap. 
$23,500 :  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,975.  5  sch.  106 
scholars.    Pop.  1,754. 

De  Ruvter,  p-t,  Madison  co.,  N.  Y.,  122  w. 
by  n.  Albany,  340  W.  The  surface  is  elevated 
and  hilly,  and  the  soil  clay  and  sandy  loam. 
Drained  by  Toughnioga  r.  The  v.  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1833,  and  contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1 
Baptist  church,  an  academy,  4  stores,  1  tannery, 
60  dwellings,  and  about  400  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.  8  stores,  cap.  $45,900 ;  2  fulling  m., 

3  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.,  1  rope  fac,  1 
printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $46,100.  1  acad.  194  students,  14  sch. 
520  scholars.    Pop.  1,799. 

Desha,  county,  Ark.  Situated  in  the  s.  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  800  sq.  ms.  The 
Mississippi  passes  along  its  eastern  border,  and 
the  Arkansas  and  White  rivers  unite  and  pass 
through  the  county.  The  surface  is  level,  liable 
to  be  submerged  in  some  parts;  soil,  fertile. 
Capital,  Belleville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  4,592,  sheep  229,  swine  4,885 ;  Ind.  corn 
65,455  bush,  produced,  potatoes  3,942,  cotton 
75,430  pounds;  11  stores,  cap.  $13,534;  6  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  news- 
paper. Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,130.  Pop.  whites 
1,155,  slaves  407,  free  col'd  36;  total,  1,598. 

Des  Moines,  r.,  Iowa,  rises  in  the  Coteau  des 
Prairies,  and  flows  in  a  s.  E.  direction  through 
the  s.  part  of  the  ter.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi 
at  the  foot  of  the  Des  Moines  rapids,  on  the 
boundary  between  Iowa  and  Missouri.  In  high 
water  it  is  navigable  100  miles  for  steamboats, 
and  for  keel  boats  in  all  seasons. 

Des  Moines,  county,  Iowa.  Situated  in  the  s. 
E.  part  of  the  ter.,  and  contains  410  sq.  ms.  Mis- 
sissippi r.  flows  on  its  e.  border.  Drained  by 
Flint  r.  and  its  tributaries.  Skunk  r.  forms  its  s, 
w.  boundary.  It  consists  of  timber  and  prairie 
in  due  proportions,  and  has  a  fertile  soil.  Capi- 
tal, Burlington.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
4,488,  sheep  3,424,  swine  15,940;  wheat  15,810 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  190,720,  oats  50,933, 

Sotatoes  17,428 ;  22  stores,  cap.  128,975 ;  3  com. 
ouses,  cap.  $14,000 ;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $1,000 ; 
2  tanneries,  1  pottery,  2  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.,  2 
printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac  $46,650.  16  sch.  352  scholars.  Pop. 
5,577. 

Des  Moines,  p-v.,  Hancock  co.,  111.,  124  w.  N. 
w.  Springfield,  899  W. 

Des  Moines,  t.,  Clark  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch. 
22  scholars.    Pop.  435. 

De  Soto,  county,  Miss.  Situated  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  925  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Cold  Water  r.  and  branches.  The  Missis- 
sippi r.  passes  along  its  n.  w.  corner.  Capital, 
Hernando.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,868, 
sheep  2,046,  swine  17,204;  wheat  2,600  bushels 
produced,  Ind.  corn  159,145,  oats  3,250,  potatoes 
12,450,  cotton  251,078  pounds;  4  stores,  capital 
$3,300 ;  1  tannery,  4  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $38,780.  13  sch.  322  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  3,975,  slaves  3,021,  free  col'd  6 ;  total, 
7,002, 


a  bed  of  limestone  rock,  through  a  fertile  coun- 
try. 

Detroit,  city,  capital  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich., 
and  of  the  state,  302  w.  Buffalo,  524  W.  It  has 
a  pleasant  and  healthy  situation,  on  a  river  or 
strait  of  the  same  name,  30  feet  above  its  surface, 
with  a  fine  view  of  the  surrounding  country.  It 
is  7  miles  below  the  outlet  of  Lake  St.  Clair,  and 
18  above  the  w.  end  of  Lake  Erie,  in  42°  19'  53" 
n.  lat.,  and  82°  58'  w.  long.,  and  5°  56'  12"  w. 
long,  from  W.  Pop.  1810,  770  ;  1820, 1,422 ;  1830, 
2,222 ;  1840,  9,102.  It  extends  for  the  distance 
of  a  mile  upon  the  r.,  and  three  fourths  of  a  mile 
back.  For  1,200  feet  back  of  the  r.  its  plan  is 
rectangular.  From  this  point  8  avenues,  200  feet 
wide,  radiate,  dividing  it  into  triangular  portions, 
all  terminating  at  a  large  open  area,  called  the 
Grand  Circus.  The  principal  public  and  private 
offices,  and  drygoods  stores,  are  located  on  Jef- 
ferson avenue,  a  fine  street  running  parallel  with 
the  r.  There  are  several  public  squares,  the 
most  noted  of  which  is  called  the  Campus  Mar- 
tius.  The  city  is  drained  by  public  sewers. 
The  city  is  partially  supplied  with  water  from  an 
elevated  reservoir,  filled  with  water  raised  by 
steam  power  from  the  river.  Detroit  is  among 
the  earlier  settlements  of  N.  America,  having 
been  founded  by  the  French  from  Canada  in  ' 
1683.  Among  the  public  buildings  are  the  State 
House,  of  brick,  of  the  Ionic  order,  90  by  60  feet, 
with  6  columns  in  front,  and  pilasters  on  the 
sides.  The  dome  presents  an  extensive  and  fine 
view  of  the  surrounding  country.  The  City 
Hall,  of  brick,  is  a  neat  edifice,  100  feet  by  50. 
The  lower  story  is  a  market,  and  the  second 
contains  a  spacious  hall,  in  which  the  courts  are 
held.  It  contains  8  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1 
Episcopal,  1  Methodist,  1  Baptist,  1  German  Lu- 
theran, 2  for  colored  people,  supplied  by  clergy- 
men of  different  denominations,  and  2  Roman 
Catholic.  Some  of  these  churches  are  large  and 
splendid  buildings.  The  Bank  of  Michigan  is  a 
fine  stone  edifice,  of  Grecian  architecture,  56  by 
40  feet.  There  are  3  other  banks,  and  the  whole 
capital  of  the  banks  is  $2,250,000.  There  are  a 
U.  S.  land  office,  3  markets,  a  theatre,  a  muse- 
um, a  public  garden,  state  penitentiary,  govern- 
ment magazine,  and  mechanics'  hall.  There 
are  various  charitable  and  benevolent  institu- 
tions. The  Protestants  and  the  Roman  Catholics 
have  each  an  orphan  asylum.  The  ladies'  free 
school  society  educate  200  indigent  children. 
There  are  several  literary  and  scientific  societies. 
There  are  3  female  institutes  of  a  high  order,  and 
several  equally  respectable  schools  for  boys, 
besides  12  public  schools,  attended  by  about  500 
children. 

Detroit  is  admirably  situated  for  trade,  and  is 
becoming  a  great  commercial  emporium.  The 
navigation  of  the  river  and  lake  are  open  about  8 
months  in  the  year.  The  arrivals  of  vessels  and 
steamboats  at  this  place  are  about  300  annually, 
and  the  clearances  are  as  many.  The  tonnage 
of  the  port  in  1840  was  11,432  tons.  The  first 
steamboat  arrival  at  this  place,  was  in  August, 
1818.  Now,  several  of  the  largest  class  arrive 
and  depart  daily.  The  central  railroad,  which 
is  designed  to  extend  across  the  peninsula,  is  fin- 
ished 44  ms.  from  Detroit  to  Ann  Arbor.  Detroit 
was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1815.  It  has  seve- 
ral times  suffered  severely  by  fires.  There  were 
in  1840,  11  commission  houses  in  for.  trade,  cap. 
$123,000  ;  113  retail  stores,  cap.  $412,760  ;  4  lum- 
ber yards,  cap.  $31,500 ;  3  furnaces,  1  tannery,  2 
breweries,!  pottery,3  printing  offices,  2  binderies,3 


Des  Plaines,  p-o.,  Cook  co.,  111.,  182  n.  e.  by 
n.  Springfield,  741  W. 

Des  Plaines,  r.,  one  of  the  head  branches  of 
Illinois  r.,  rises  in  Wisconsin,  a  few  miles  above  I  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac 
the  boundary  of  Illinois,  and  runs  generally  over  |  $172,375. 


DEX 


177 


DIL 


Detroit,  river,  N.  America,  forms  the  bound- 
ary between  Canada  and  the  United  States,  and 
extends  from  Lake  St.  Clair,  28  msM  to  Lake  Erie. 
Opposite  to  Detroit,  it  is  three  fourths  of  a  mile 
wide,  and  increases  in  width  as  it  descends.  It 
is  navigable  for  vessels  of  any  burden.  Near  its 
mouth  are  several  islands,  the  largest  of  which 
are  Grosse  ami  Fighting  islands.  The  principal 
channel  is  on  the  eastern  side,  between  Boisblanc 
Island  and  the  Canada  shore  ;  the  western  chan- 
nel is  wider,  but  lull  of  small  islands.  Back  from 
the  r.  the  land  descends  into  low  grounds,  and  the 
settlements  are  only  one  farm  deep  on  the  banks 
of  the  r.  The  settlements  appear  like  a  contin- 
ued village  on  the  British  shore,  and  also  on  the 
American  shore  for  many  miles  above  and  below 
Detroit,  and  the  houses  are  surrounded  with  fruit 
trees,  presenting  a  delightful  spectacle  in  passing 
through  the  strait. 

Detroit,  p-o.,  Somerset  co.,  Me. 

Devereaux,  p-o.,  Herkimer  co.,  N.  Y. 

Devereaux's  Store,  p-o.,  Hancock  co.,  Ga., 
15  n.  e.  Milledgeville,  565  W. 

De  Witt,  p-t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N.  Y.,  126  w.  by 
N.  Albany,  351  W.  The  surface  is  moderately 
uneven,  and  the  t.  contains  inexhaustible  quanti- 
ties of  water  lime,  which  is  extensively  exported. 
It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $18,450  ;  2  tanneries,  3  flour- 
ing m.,  3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$38,175.  1  acad.  32  students,  19  sch.  808  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  2,802. 

De  Witt,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Clinton  county, 
Mich.,  96  n.  w.  by  w.  Detroit,  599  W. 

De  Witt,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  Mo.  Situated  on  the 
N.  side  of  Missouri  r.,  8  ms.  above  the  mouth  of 
Grand  r.,  and  contains  200  inhabitants. 

De  Witt's  Valley,  p-v.,  Burns  t.,  Alleghany 
co.,  N.  Y.,  248  w.  by  s.  Albany,  326  W.  ft  con- 
tains 1  store,  1  tannery,  25  dwellings,  and  about 
150  inhabitants. 

De  Wittsville,  p-o.,  Chautauque  t.,  Chau- 
tauque  co.,  N.  Y.,  348  w.  by  s.  Albany,  335  W. 

Dexter,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  71  n.  n.  e. 
Augusta,  666  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  produ- 
ces good  wheat.  It  occupies  the  height  of  land 
between  Penobscot  and  Kennebec  rivers,  to  both 
of  which  its  waters  flow.  A  large  pond,  cover- 
ing 500  acres,  furnishes,  by  its  outlet,  good  mill 
seats,  where  the  v.  is  situated.  It  has  7  stores, 
cap.  $13,700  ;  5  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  2  tan- 
neries, 3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$49,506.     10  sch.  306  scholars.     Pop.  1,464. 

Dexter,  p-v.,  Brownville  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  N. 
Y.  It  is  situated  on  the  n.  side  of  Black  r.,  at  its 
mouth,  where  is  extensive  water  power,  and  an 
uninterrupted  navigation  to  Lake  Ontario.  The 
United  States  are  constructing  piers  for  the  im- 
provement of  the  harbor.  It  has  several  vessels 
which  ply  regularly  between  this  place  and  Os- 
wego, and  other  places  on  the  lake.  It  is  of  re- 
cent growth,  and  contains  1  Episcopal  church,  3 
stores,  and  an  extensive  warehouse  and  wharf. 
It  has  1  large  woollen  fac,  1  clothier's  works,  1 
flouring  m.,  4  double  saw  m.,  1  planing  machine, 
1  oil  m.,  1  plaster  m.,  1  iron  foundry,  1  axe  fac, 
and  other  mechanic  establishments. 

Dexter,  p-v.,  Scio  t.,  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich., 
52  w.  Detroit,  533  W.  It  has  an  elevated  and 
pleasant  location  on  Mill  cr.,  at  its  entrance  into 
Huron  r.  It  has  7  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m., 
and  1  tannery.  The  water  power  here  is  very 
extensive.  The  railroad  from  Detroit  to  St.  Jo- 
seph will  pass  through  the  place. 

Dexter ville,  v.,  Ellicott  town,  Chautauque 
county,  N.  Y.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of  the 
outlet  of  Chautauque  lake,  possesses  great  wa- 
ter power,  and  furnishes  2,000,000  feet  of  pine 


boards  annually,  besides  huh  and  shingles,  and 
has  some  other  manufactures.  It  is  of  recent  ori- 
gin, but  promising. 

Diamond  Grove,  p-v..  Brunswick  co.,  Va.,80 
s.  s.  w.  Richmond,  196  W. 

Diamond  Grove,  p-o.,  Iowa  co.,  Wis.,  57  w. 
Madison,  889  W. 

Diamond  Hill,  p-o.,  Anson  co.,  N.  C,  154  s. 
w.  Raleigh,  423  W. 

Diana,  t.,  Lewis  co.,  N.  Y.,  154  n.  w.  Albany. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  and  the  soil  sandy  anil  gra- 
velly loam,  well  adapted  to  grazing.  Dnunedby 
Oswegatchie  and  Indian  rivers.  It  has  1  ■tore, 
cap.  $2,000;  1  furnace,  4  saw  m.,  10  sch.  294 
scholars.    Pop.  8S3. 

Diana  Mills,  Buckingham  co.,  Va.,  75  w. 
Richmond,  149  W.  It  contains  2  stores,  2  mills, 
and  a  number  of  dwellings. 

Dickinson,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  N.  Y.,  222  n.  n. 
w.  Albany,  15  s.  w.  Malone,  523  W.  It  is  a  largo 
town,  40  ms.  long,  settled  to  the  n.,  but  a  wilder- 
ness toward  the  s.,  abounding  with  lakes,  and  has 
a  heavy  growth  of  timber.  Drained  by  branches 
of  Racket  and  St.  Regis  rivers.  The  soil  is  va- 
rious. There  is  a  small  v.  at  the  post-office.  It 
has  2  saw  m.,  7  sch.  342  scholars.    Pop.  1,005. 

Dickinson,  p-t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  24  s.  w. 
Harrisburg,  111  W.  Drained  by  Yellow  Breech- 
es cr.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  calcareous  loam. 
Iron  ore  abounds.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,300  ; 
2  furnaces,  2  forges,  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
1  tannery,  1  distillery,  5  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  11 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $35,175.  10  sch.  350 
scholars.     Pop.  2,701. 

Dickinson,  p-v.,  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  170  w.  s. 
w.  Richmond,  245  W. 

Dickinson's  Store,  p-o.,  Bedford  co.,  Va., 
149  w.  by  s.  Richmond,  224  W. 

Dickinsonville,  p-v.,  Russell  co.,  Va.,  342  w. 
by  s.  Richmond,  401  W. 

Dickson,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  toward  the 
N.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  100  sq.  ms. 
It  has  Cumberland  r.  on  its  n.  e.  border.  It  is  on 
the  height  of  land  between  Cumberland  and  Ten- 
nessee rivers,  its  waters  flowing  into  both.  Tho 
surface  is  an  elevated  table  land,  and  the  soil 
moderately  good.  Capital,  Charlotte.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,445,  sheep  6,370,  swine 
26,570;  wheat  26,560  bush,  produced,  rye  1,931, 
Ind.  corn  336,161,  oats  74,861,  potatoes  6,373,  to- 
bacco 43,540  pounds,  cotton  1 3,036,  sugar  4,961 ; 
10  stores,  cap.  $72,300 ;  5  tan.,  3  dist.,  12  grist  m., 
4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,047.  13  sch. 
444  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  7,265 ;  1840,  whites 
5,370,  slaves  1,687,  free  col'd  17  ;  total,  7,074. 

Dickson's  Mills,  p-o.,  Parke  co.,  la.,  62  w. 
Indianapolis,  627  W. 

Dicksburg,  p-v.,  Knox  co.,  la.,  130  s.  w.  In- 
dianapolis, 700  vV. 

Dighton,  p-t.,  and  port  of  entry,  Bristol  co., 
Mass.,  41  s.  Boston,  421  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Taunton  r.,  which  is  navigable  to  this 
place  for  small  vessels.  It  has  some  shipping, 
and  considerable  manufactures,  and  some  vessels 
are  built.  On  the  opposite  bank  of  the  r.  is  the 
"  Dighton  Rock,"  celebrated  for  an  ancient  in- 
scription, which  has  never  been  satisfactorily  ex- 
plained. It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $5,250 ;  1  fulling 
m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  cotton  fac.  3,416  sp.,  2  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $129,199.  7  sch. 
421  scholars.    Pop.  1,378. 

Dill's  Bottom,  p-o.,  Mead  t,  Belmont  co., 
O.,  142  E.Columbus,  269 W.  . 

Dillon's,  p-o.,  Tazewell  co.,  111.,  53  N.  Spring- 
field, 775  W.    Here  is  a  large  settlement. 

Dillon's  Run,  p-o.,  Hampshire  co.,  Va.,  171 
N.  n.  w.  Richmond,  99  W. 


DIX 


178 


DOE 


"  Dillonsville    p-^,  Meglenbuig  co.,  N.  C. 
196  s.  w.  by  w.  Raleigh,  433  W. 


Dillsboro  ,  p-' 
Indianapolis,  533  W 


v.,  Dearborn  co.,  la.,  85  s. 
York  co.,  Pa., 


13 


Dillsburg,  p-v.,  Carroll  t 
a.  g.  w.  Harrisburg,  97  W 

Dill's  Ferrv,  p-o.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  Uo 
E  N.  E.  Harrisburg,  218  W.  The  ferry  crosses 
the  Delaware  in  Upper  Mount  Bethel  t.,  18  ms. 
above  Easton.  . 

Dilworthtown,  p-v.,  Birmingham  t.,  Chester 
co.,  Pa.,  78  e.  s.  E.  Harrisburg,  116  W.  It  con- 
tains about  20  dwellings. 

Dimock's,  p-t.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  177  N. 
N.  E.  Harrisburg,  278  W.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$3,500  ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $9,145.  8  sch.  240  scholars.  Pop.  998. 

Dimocksville,  p-v.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  176 
N.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  279  W. 

Dingman,  t.,  Pike  co.,  Pa.  Post-office  called 
Dingman's  Ferry.  154  n.  e.  by  e.  Harrisburg,  248 
W.  It  has  an  academy,  endowed  by  the  state 
with  $1,000 ;  3  sch.  70  scholars.    Pop.  447. 

Dinsmore,  p-t.,  Shelby  co.,  O.,  103  w.  N.  w. 
Columbus,  494  W.  It  has  2  schools,  41  scholars. 
Pop.  500. 

District,  t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is 
hilly ;  soil,  gravelly  and  indifferent.  Watered  by 
Pine  cr.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,500 ;  1  forge,  3 
distilleries,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.    Pop.  583. 

Dinwiddie,  county,  Va.  Situated  toward  the 
s.  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  616  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Appomattox  r.,  and  branches  of  Not- 
taway  r.  The  surface  is  gently  rolling.  Capital, 
Dinwiddie  C.  H.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 9,730,  sheep  7,611,  swine  20,051 ;  wheat  36,883 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  284,461,  oats  137,210, 

?otatoes  17,711,  tobacco  2,219,109  pounds,  cotton 
2,610 ;  6  commercial  and  8  commission  houses, 
cap.  $875,000;  128  stores,  cap.  $1,046,355;  2 
lumber  yards,  cap.  $6,000  ;  1  furnace,  6  forges,  1 
woollen  fac,  2  cotton  fac.  7,520  sp.,  1  tannery,  1 
pottery,  12  flouring  m.,  38  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.,  2 
printing  offices,  3  binderies,  1  semi-weekly  news 
paper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $781,435.  18  acad.  615 
students,  14  sch.  279  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 21,901 ; 
1840,  whites  9,847,  slaves  9,947,  free  col'd  2,764 
total,  22,558. 

Dinwiddie,  C.  H.,  capital  of  Dinwiddie  co, 
Va.,  37  s.  by  w.  Richmond,  156  W.  Situated  on 
Stony  creek. 

Dismal  Swamp,  Va.  and  N.  C,  commences  a 
little  s.  of  Norfolk,  Va.,  and  extends  into  N.  C. 
It  is  a  marshy  tract,  covering  150,000  acres,  and 
is  30  ms.  long,  from  n.  to  s.,  and  10  wide.  It  is 
mostly  covered  with  a  heavy  growth  of  trees, 
with  underbrush  so  thick  as  to  be  almost  imper- 
vious. In  the  midst  of  the  swamp,  toward  its  w. 
side,  is  Lake  Drummond,  15  miles  in  circumfer- 
ence. Through  this  swamp  passes  the  Dismal 
Swamp  canal,  which  connects  Deep  Creek,  a  tri- 
butary of  Chesapeake  bay,  to  a  branch  of  Pas- 
quotank r.,  which  enters  Albemarle  sound.  It  is 
23  ms.  long,  64  feet  deep,  46  wide  at  top,  and  at 
intervals  of  a  quarter  of  a  mile,  60  feet,  for  turn- 
out stations.  It  is  fed  from  Lake  Drummond,  by 
a  navigable  side-cut,  5  ms.  in  length. 

Dividing  Creek,  p-v.,  Downet.,  Cumberland 
CO.,  N.  J.,  81  Trenton,  193  W.  Situated  on  a 
creek  of  the  same  name,  which  flows  into  Mau- 
rice creek  cove,  in  Delaware  bay,  and  which  is 
navigable  to  the  v.  It  contains  1  store,  a  grist  m., 
and  about  30  dwellings. 

Dix,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  N.  Y.,  186  n.  w.  Alba- 
ny, 438  W. 

Dix,  t.,  Chemung  co.,  N.  Y.,  16  n.  Elmira,  185 
w.s.  w.  Albany.    The  surface  is  hilly,  and  the 


soil  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  Catharine's  cr. 
It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $9,800  ;  1  lumber  yard,  cap. 
$3,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries, 
5  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $29,750.  12  sch. 
603  scholars.     Pop.  1,990. 

Dixborough,  p-v.,  Superior  t.,  Washtenaw  co., 
Mich.,  36  w.  Detroit,  532  W.  It  contains  2  stores, 
1  saw  m.,  and  1  flouring  m.,  and  is  surrounded  by 
a  fertile  country. 

Dixfield,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  37  n.  n.  w. 
Augusta,  609  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  bank  of 
Androscoggin  r.  Incorporated  in  1803.  It  has  a 
productive  soil,  adapted  to  the  growth  of  wheat ; 
3  stores,  cap.  $2,500  ;  4  grist  m.  5  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $4,950.  9  sch.  255  scholars.  Pop. 
1,169. 

Dix  Hills,  p-o.,  Huntington  t.,  Suffolk  co.,  N. 
Y.,  183  s.  by  e.  Albany,  263  W. 

Dixmont,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  43  n.  e. 
Augusta,  638  W.  Incorporated  in  1807.  It  has 
an  undulating  surface,  and  a  fertile  soil,  and  oc- 
cupies the  height  of  land  between  Penobscot  and 
Kennebec  rivers.  Its  streams  afford  some  water 
power.  It  has  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $8,667.  12  schools,  626  scholars.  Pop. 
1,498. 

Dixon,  p-o.,  Neshoba  co.,  Miss.,  73  e.  n.  e. 
Jackson,  943  W. 

Dixon,  t.,  Preble  co.,  O.  Situated  on  the  line 
of  the  state  of  Indiana.  Organized  in  1812.  It 
has  a  good  soil,  and  is  well  watered  and  cultiva- 
ted. It  contains  2  stores,  3  flouring  m.,  and  6 
saw  m.     Pop.  1,290. 

Dixon,  p-v.,  capital  of  Ogle  co.,  111.,  161  n. 
Springfield,  824  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  e.  side 
of  Rock  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  a  U.  S. 
land-office,  1  store,  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Dixon's  Springs,  p-o.,  Smith  co.,  Tenn.,  51  e. 
Nashville,  642  W. 

Dixonville,  p-v.,  Cole  co.,  Mo.,  8  Jefferson 
city,  944  W. 

Dix's,  p-o.,  Bracken  co.,  Ky.,  82  n.  e.  Frank- 
fort, 500  W. 

Dixville,  t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H.    Pop.  4. 
Dixville,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  Va.,  200  s.  w.  by 
W.Richmond,  277  W. 

Doake's  Stand,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  Miss.,  36 
n.  e.  Jackson,  974  W. 

Doansborough,  p-o.,  Southeast  t.,  Putnam 
county,  N.  Y. 

Dobb's  Ferry,  p-v.,  Greenburg  t,  Westches- 
ter co.,  N.  Y.,  126  s.  Albany,  248  W.  It  has  a 
steamboat  landing,  2  churches,  1  store,  and  30 
dwellings. 

Dockey's  Store,  p-o.,  Richmond  co.,  N.  C, 
129  s.  w.  Raleigh,  403  W. 
Docon,  t.,  Linn  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  51. 
Dodge,  county,  Wis.  ter.,  situated  n.  e.  of  the 
centre,  and  contains  756  sq.  ms.  It  has  some 
prairie,  and  considerable  swampy  land.  Drained 
by  Rock  and  Beaverdam  rivers,  and  Rubicon  cr. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  150,  swine  105 ; 
Ind.  corn  2,000  bushels  produced,  oats  2,100,  po- 
tatoes 2,425.     Pop.  67. 

Dodge ville,  p-v.,  Iowa  co.,  Wis.  ter.,  44  w. 
Madison,  891  W. 

Dodgingtown,  p-o.,  Fairfield  co.,  Ct.,  66  s.  w. 
Hartford,  297  W. 

Dodson,  t.,  Highland  co.,  O.  It  has  3  sch.  136 
scholars.     Pop.  795. 

Dodsonville,  p-v.,  Marshall  co.,  Ala.,  145  N. 
e.  Tuscaloosa,  688  W. 

Doe  Hill,  p-o.,  Pendleton  co.,  Va.,  160  n.  w 
Richmond,  187  W. 

Doe  River,  p-o.,  Carter  co.,  Tenn.,  319  e. 
Nashville,  432  W. 


DOR 


179 


DOU 


Doe  Run,  p-o.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  70  e.  s.  e. 
Harrisburg,  114  W. 

Dogwood,  p-o.,  Walker  co.,  Ga.,  208  n.  w. 
Mill' xigeville,  613  W. 

Dolington,  p-v.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  119  k.  Har- 
risburg,  163  W.  It  has  a  church  and  10  or  12 
dwellings. 

Dolsentown,  p-v.,  Minisink  t.,  Orange  co.,  N. 
Y.,  100  s.  by  w.  Albany,  273  W.  It  contains  a 
churcb,  2  stores,  1  distillery,  20  dwellings,  and 
about  100  inhabitants. 

Donaldsonville,  p-v.,  Ascension  par.,  La., 
73  w.  by  n.  New  Orleans,  1,245  W.  Situated  on 
the  s.  side  of  Mississippi  r.,  just  below  the  outlet 
of  La  Fourche.  It  was  formerly  the  capital  of 
the  state,  and  has  a  court  house,  jail,  an  arsenal, 
market  house,  a  Roman  Catholic  church,  a  col- 
lege, 1  male  and  2  female  academies,  a  U.  S. 
surveyor-general's  office,  and  about  1,000  in- 
habitants. 

Donegal,  t,  Butler  county,  Pa.,  9  n.  e.  Butler. 
The  surface  is  rolling  or  hilly ;  soil,  clay,  sand, 
and  gravel.  Drained  by  Bear  cr.,  a  branch  of 
Buffalo  cr.,  and  tributaries  of  Conequenessing  cr. 
Iron  ore  and  stone  coal  are  abundant.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $4,390;  1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  5 

rist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,510. 
sch.  400  scholars.     Pop.  1,615. 

Donegal,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  9  n.  e.  But- 
ler. The  surface  is  hilly;  soil,  loam.  Coal  is 
abundant.  Drained  by  the  Dutch  fork  of  Buffalo 
cr.,  Bush  run,  and  Castleman's  run.  The  nation- 
al road  runs  through  it.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$70,000;  1  distillery.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $950.  1 
acad.  22  students,  1 1  sch.  330  scholars.  Pop.  1,747. 

Donegal,  p-o.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  160  w. 
Harrisburg,  186  W.  The  surface  consists  of  hills 
and  valleys;  soil,  calcareous  loam.  Drained 
by  Four  Mile  and  Two  Mile  run.  Jacob's  and 
Indian  creeks  afford  water  power.  It  has  2  tan- 
neries, 1  distillery,  2  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $8,300.  10  sch.  396  scholars.  Pop. 
2,261. 

Donnell's,  p-o.,  Allen  co.,  O.,  98  n.  n.  w. 
Columbus,  483  W. 

Donnellsville,  p-o.,  Clarke  co.,  O.,  51  w. 
by  s.  Columbus,  444  W. 

Dooley,  county,  Ga.,  situated  centrally  toward 
the  s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  about  1,600 
sq.  ms.  It  occupies  the  height  of  land  between 
Ocmulgee  and  Flint  rivers,  and  is  drained  by 
tributaries  of  both.  Capital,  Vienna.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  19,854,  sheep  1,950, 
swine  10,209;  wheat  7,064  bushels  produced, 
Indian  corn  106,472,  potatoes  8,405,  cotton 
2,576,795  pounds;  6  stores,  cap.  $465,000;  13 
grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  1  acad.  45  students,  3  sch. 
45  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  2,135;  1840,  whites 
3,234,  slaves  1,185,  free  col'd8  ;  total,  4,427. 

Door  Village,  p-o.,  La  Porte  co.,  la.,  149  N. 
by  w.  Indianapolis,  664  W. 

Dorchester,  p-t.,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  4  s.  Bos- 
ton, 433  W.  It  lies  on  Dorchester  bay,  in  Bos- 
ton harbor.  First  settled  in  1630.  The  surface 
is  uneven  and  rough ;  but  the  soil  is  fertile,  and 
highly  cultivated.  Neponset  river  runs  on  its 
s.  border,  and  furnishes  water  power,  and  facili- 
ties for  navigation.  The  vessels  owned  here  are 
employed  chiefly  in  the  whale  and  cod  fisheries. 
It  has  also  considerable  manufactures.  In  a  part 
•of  this  t.,  now  belonging  to  Boston,  are  Dorches- 
ter Heights,  on  which  Washington,  in  March, 
1776,  directed  a  fort  to  be  erected,  by  which  the 
British  were  driven  from  Boston  harbor.  The 
first  settlers  of  the  Connecticut  colony,  at  Wind- 
sor and  Hartford,  100  in  number,  came  from  Dor- 
chester, through  the  wilderness,  in  1636.    It  has 


10  commercial  ami  commission  houses  in  foreign 
trade,  cap.  $326,000;  57  ■torts,  cap.  *609,200;  3 
lumberyards,  cap.  $17,000 ;  2  cotton  fac.  4,000  sp.. 
1  dyeing  and  print,  estab.,  7  tanneries,  1  pottery,  1 
rope  fac,  2  grist  m.,  1  sawm.,  4  paper  lac,  2  print- 
ing offices,  1  weekly  newspaper,  1  acad.  119  stu- 
dents, 22  sch.  1,217  scholars.     Pop.  4,H75. 

Dorchester,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,48  n.  w. 
Concord,  504  W.  It  occupies  the  heitrht  of  land 
between  Connecticut  and  Merrimac  rivers,  to 
both  of  which  its  streams  flow.  It  is  uneven  and 
rocky,  with  fertile  valleys.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$8,000 ;  1  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
•8L097.     9  sch.  217  scholars.     Pop.  769. 

Dorchester,  county,  Md.,  situated  toward  the 
s.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  640  sq.  ms. 
Surface,  level ;  soil,  fertile.  It  has  Choptank  r. 
on  the  n.  and  n.  w.,  and  Chesapeake  nay  and 
Nanticoke  river  on  the  s.  and  s.  e.  Drained  by 
branches  of  these  waters.  Capital,  Cambridge. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  14,855,  sheep 
13,575,  swine  24,776  ;  wheat  87,378  bushels  pro- 
duced, rye  6,761,  Ind.  corn  476,781,  oats  61,812, 
potatoes  25,373,  silk  cocoons  544  pounds,  tobacco 
1,700,  cotton  720 ;  69  stores,  cap.  $79,695  ;  2  tan- 
neries, 29  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices, 

1  weekly  newspaper.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $85,129. 

2  acad.  106  students,  26  sch.  579  scholars.  Pop. 
1830,  18,686 ;  1840,  whites  10,629,  slaves  4,227, 
free  col'd  3,987 ,  total,  18,843. 

Dorset,  p-t.,  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  95  s.  s.  w. 
Montpelier,  435  W.  Organized  in  1769.  Drained 
by  Pawlet,  Battenkill,  and  the  head  branches  of 
Otter  cr.,  which  afford  water  power.  The  sur- 
face is  uneven,  and  the  soil  fertile.  There  is  a 
noted  cave  in  the  s.  part  of  the  town.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $12,650;  2  furnaces,  1  tannery,  1 
grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $36,365. 
12  sch.  431  scholars.    Pop.  1,426. 

Doty's  Corners,  p-o.,  Dansville  t.,  Steuben 
co.,  N.  Y.,245  w.  Albany,  326  W. 

Double  Branches,  p-o.,  Anderson  dist.,  S.  C, 
128  w.  n.  w.  Columbia,  523  W. 

Double  Branches,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  Ga.,  108 
N.  E.  Milledgeville,  576  W. 

Double  Bridges,  p-o.,  Lunenburg  co.,  Va., 
85  s.  w.  Richmond,  193  W. 

Double  Cabins,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,  Ga.,  76  w. 
n.  w.  Milledgeville,  680  W. 

Double  Pike  Creek,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  Md., 
82  n.  w.  Annapolis,  65  W. 

Double  Springs,  p-o.,  Cherokee  co.,  Ala., 
123  n.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  716  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
bank  of  Coosa  river. 

Double  Springs,  p-o.,  Oktibbeha  co.,  Miss., 
128  n.  e.  Jackson,  917  W. 

Double  Walnut,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Tenn., 
75  e.  Nashville,  619  W. 

Double  Wells,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  Ga.,  58  E. 
n.  E.  Milledgeville,  632  W. 

Douglass,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  43  s.  w. 
Boston,  396  W.  Incorporated  in  1731.  Drained 
by  Mumford  r.,  a  branch  of  Blackstone  r.|  which 
affords  good  water  power.  It  has  fertile  mea- 
dows, and  is  well  cultivated.  Some  iron  ore  is 
found,  and  there  are  considerable  manufactures 
of  cotton  goods,  boots,  shoes,  leather,  axes,  &c. 
It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $7,500  ;  2  cotton  fac.  400  sp., 
1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $130,400.  1  acad.  35  students,  9  sch.  481 
scholars.    Pop.  1,617.  . 

Douglass,  t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is 
undulating  ;  soil,  gravel,  and  moderately  fertile. 
Watered  by  Manatawny  cr.,  which  affords  water 
power.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $3,500 ;  1  furnace, 
1  forge,  1  fulling  m.,  4  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  oil  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $650.    Pop.  1,133. 


DOV 


180 


DOV 


Sur- 


Douglass,  t.,  Montgomery  county,  Pa 
face  hilly;  soil,  red  shale.  Watered  by  Perkio- 
men'and  Swamp  ere.,  which  afford  water  power. 
It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $14,500 ;  1  paper  fac,  3  grist 
m.,  5sawm.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,150.  1  sch. 
40scholars.     Pop.  1,090. 

Douglassville,  p-v.,  Douglass  t.,  Berks  co., 
Pa.,  64  e.  Harrisburg,  157  W 

Douthet,  p-o.,  Anderson  dist.,  b.  C,  IxSo  w. 
N.  w.  Columbia,  522  W. 

Dover,  p-t.,  capital  of  Piscatiquis  co.,  Me.,  83 
N.  N.  E.  Augusta,  680  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side 
of  Piscatiquis  r.  Incorporated  in  1822.  The 
soil  is  fertile,  producing  good  wheat.  The  v.  is 
beautifully  located.  It  has  2  printing  offices,  2 
weekly  newspapers,  5  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.,  1  oil  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,000.  12  sch.  733  scholars. 
Pop.  1,597. 

Dover,  p-t.,  Strafford  co.,  N.  H.,  39  e.  Concord, 
495  W. 

Dover,  p-t.,  and  capital  of  Strafford  co.,  N.  H., 
is  situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Piscataqua  r.,  in  43° 
13'  n.  lat.  70°  54'  w.  Ion.,  12  n.  w.  by  n.  Ports- 
mouth, 39  e.  Concord,  50  s.  w.  Portland,  60  n. 
Boston,  495  W.  Pop.  1820,  2,871 ;  1830,  5,449 ; 
1840, 6,458.  It  is  watered  by  Cocheco  and  Black 
rivers,  tributaries  of  the  Piscataqua.  It  is  the 
oldest  town  in  the  state,  the  first  settlement  hav- 
ing been  made  in  1623,  on  a  beautiful  peninsula, 
between  Black  and  Piscataqua  rivers,  for  the 
purposes  of  fishing.  The  beautiful  village  of 
Dover  is  built  around  the  lower  falls  of  Coche- 
co, where  the  water  descends  suddenly  32*  feet, 
producing  a  water  power  unsurpassed  in  New 
England.  The  water  is  abundant,  and  the  river 
never  rises  so  as  to  endanger  the  buildings  on  it. 
These  falls  are  at  the  head  of  tide  water,  12  miles 
from  the  ocean,  admitting  gondolas  quite  to  the 
mills,  and  sloops  within  a  quarter  of  a  mile.  It 
has  a  court  house,  jail,  a  bank,  several  churches, 
and  extensive  manufactures.  It  is  one  of  the 
most  flourishing  towns  in  the  state,  and  consider- 
able shipping  is  owned  here.  There  were  in 
1840,  60  stores,  cap.  $248,581 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  cap.  $20,000 ;  4  cotton  fac.  23,666 
sp.,  1  dyeing  and  printing  establishment,  with  a 
cap.  of  $1,056,000 ;  3  furnaces,  2  tanneries,  1  dis- 
tillery, cap.  $10,888 ;  4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  3  print- 
ing offices,  3  weekly  newspapers,  and  1  periodi- 
cal. Total  cap.  in  manufac.  $1,166,644.  3  acad. 
98  students,  27  sch.  1,193  scholars. 

Dover,  p-t.,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  126  s.  Mont- 
pelier,  437  W.  Organized  from  Wardsborough 
in  1810.  Drained  by  branches  of  West  and 
Deerfield  rivers,  which  afford  water  power.  The 
surface  is  uneven,  and  the  soil  adapted  to  graz- 
ing. It  lies  on  the  e.  border  of  the  Green  moun- 
tain range.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $7,000 ;  2  grist 
m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,300.  9  sch. 
245  scholars.     Pop.  729. 

Dover,  p-t.,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  15  s.  s.  w. 
Boston,  5  w.  Dedham,  430  W.  Organized  from 
Dedham  in  1784.  The  surface  'is  uneven,  and 
contains  much  woodland.  Charles  r.  runs  on 
its  N.  border.  It  has  1  store,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $10,700.  3  sch.  117  scholars.  Pop. 
520. 

Dover,  p-t.,  Dutchess  co.,  N.  Y.,74  s.  by  e.  Al- 
bany, 20  e.  Poughkeepsie,  313  W.  The  surface 
is  in  part  mountainous.  A  branch  of  Ten  Mile 
creek,  a  tributary  of  the  Housatonic  river,  runs 
through  its  centre,  along  which  is  a  fine  valley. 
The  soil  is  a  sandy  and  gravelly  loam,  which  is 
fertile  and  well  cultivated.  White  and  colored 
marble  is  extensively  found,  and  some  iron  ore. 
The  village  is  on  a  beautiful  plain;  and  contains 
1  Baptist  and  1  free  church,  an    academy,  2 


stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  tannery,  30  dwellings,  and 
about  175  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t,  8 
stores,  cap.  $19,000;  1  furnace,  3  fulling  m.,  2 
tanneries,  2  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  7  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $19,200.  4  sch.  136  scholars. 
Pop.  2,000. 

Dover,  p-v.,  Randolph  t.,  Morris  co.,  N.  J.,  63 
N.  Trenton,  234  W.  Situated  on  both  sides  of 
Rockaway  river,  and  connected  by  bridges.  It 
contains  3  large  rolling  and  slitting  mills,  an  iron 
foundry,  a  furnace,  a  saw  m.,  a  machine  fac,  a 
bank,  a  church,  and  over  30  dwellings.  The 
Morris  canal  descends  into  the  valley  on  which 
it  stands,  by  an  inclined  plane  and  4  locks.  Iron 
ore  is  found  in  the  immediate  vicinity. 

Dover,  t.,  Monmouth  co.,  N.  J.,  24  s.  Freehold. 
The  surface  is  generally  level ;  soil,  sand  or  light 
gravel,  covered  with  pine  forest.  Drained  by 
Tom's  r.  and  branches  of  Cedar  cr.;  Forked  r. 
and  branches  of  Rancocus  cr.,  which  afford  wa- 
ter power.  It  has  20  stores,  cap.  $45,500;  2  fur- 
naces, 2  forges,  4  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $1,900.    10  sch.  824  scholars.     Pop.  2,752. 

Dover,  p-t.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  30  s.  Harrisburg, 
97  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  red  shale.  It 
has  3  stores,  cap.  $9,500 ;  1  tannery,  5  distilleries, 
5  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,200. 
4  sch.  146  scholars.    Pop.  1,930. 

Dover,  t.,  Athens  co.,  O.  It  has  6  stores,  cap. 
$13,500;  and  an  incorporated  library  company. 
1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $900. 
4  sch.  179  scholars.    Pop.  1,297. 

Dover,  p-b.,  in  Dover  hundred.  Capital  of 
Kent  co.,  Del.,  and  of  the  state,  50  s.  Wilming- 
ton, 120  W.  It  is  situated  on  high  ground,  be- 
tween the  2  principal  branches  of  Jones's  cr.,  10 
miles  from  its  entrance  into  Delaware  bay.  It  ia 
regularly  laid  out  with  wide  streets,  at  right  an- 
gles with  each  other ;  and  the  houses,  which  are 
chiefly  of  brick,  are  generally  neat  and  hand- 
some. The  state  house  stands  on  the  e.  side  of 
a  large  public  square,  and  is  an  elegant  build- 
ing;  and  the  other  public  buildings  are  built 
around  the  same  square.  It  contains  3  churches 
—1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist— 
a  bank,  an  academy,  6  stores,  90  dwellings,  and 
about  600  inhabitants.  It  has  a  splendid  monu- 
ment, erected  to  the  memory  of  Col.  John  Has- 
lett,  who  fell  in  the  battle  of  Princeton.  Its  trade 
is  chiefly  in  flour,  with  Philadelphia.  There  are 
in  the  h.,  9  stores,  cap.  $25,100 ;  1  printing  office, 
1  periodical  paper,  3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $16,200.  9  sch.  543  scholars.  Pop.  3,790. 
Dover,  p-t.,  Cuyahoga  co.,  O.,  127  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 13  w.  Cleveland,  372  W.  Situated  on 
the  s.  shore  of  Lake  Erie.  It  has  3  tanneries. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $900.  8  sch.  314  scholars. 
Pop.  966. 

Dover,  t,  Union  co.,  O.  It  has  3  sch.  52 
scholars.    Pop.  446. 

Dover,  p-v.,  capital  of  Stewart  co.,  Tenn.,  75 
w.  N.  w.  Nashville,  755  W.  It  is  situated  on  the 
s.  side  of  Cumberland  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  and  other  county  buildings. 

Dover,  t.,  Lafayette  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1,217. 
Dover,  p-v.,  Mason  county,  Ky.,  79  e.  n.  e. 
Frankfort,  471  W. 

Dover,  t.,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.  It  has  2  saw 
m.,  10  sch.  340  scholars.     Pop.  841. 

Dover,  p-v.,  Bureau  co.,  111.,  130  n.  Spring- 
field, 813  W. 

Dover,  p-v.,  Lafayette  co.,  Mo.,  121  w.  Jef- 
ferson city,  1,035  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of 
Missouri  r.     Pop.  1,217. 

Dover, p-v.,  capital  of  Pope  co.,  Ark.,  87  n.  w. 
Little  Rock,  1,152  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  side 
of  Illinois  cr.,  a  branch  of  Arkansas  r. 


DRA 


191 


DRY 


Dover,  p-v.,  Russel  co.,  Ala.,  194  e.  s.  e.  Tus- 
caloosa, 767  W. 

Dover,  t.,  Tuscarawas  co.,  Ohio.  The  village 
is  situated  on  the  w.  side  of  the  Ohio  canal,  93  s. 
Cleveland  by  the  canal.  It  is  regularly  laid  out, 
with  streets  crossing  each  other  at  right  angleB, 
on  the  margin  of  Tuscarawas  r.,  across  which  and 
the  canal  is  a  bridge  346  feet  long.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  about  100  dwellings.  The  t.  has  10 
stores,  cap.  $32,300  ;  6  com.  houses,  cap.$20,500 ; 
2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  brewery,  1  flouring  m., 
5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,550  ;  10  sch.  897 
scholars.     Pop.  2,247. 

Dover  Mills,  p-o.,  Goochland  co.,  Va.,  20  w. 
N.  w.  Richmond,  137  W. 

N.  w.  Raleigh,  357  W 

Downe,  t.,  Cumberland  county,  N.  J.,  14  s.  e. 
Bridgeton.  It  has  Maurice  r.  on  its  e.  border, 
and  Delaware  bay  on  the  s.  The  surface  is  level 
and  marshy  on  the  bay  and  Maurice  r.  Water- 
ed by  Dividing  cr.,  and  other  small  crs.  It  has 
several  post- villages.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $9,000 ; 
7  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $20,850. 
7  sch.  250  scholars.    Pop.  1,920. 

Downer's  Grove,  p-o.,  Dupage  co.,  111.,  184 
N.  Springfield,  739  W. 

Downingsville,  p-o.,  Logan  CO.,  O. 

Downingtown,  p-v.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  67  e.  s. 
e.  Harrisburg,  124  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank 
of  the  e.  branch  of  Brandywine  cr.  It  contains 
about  50  dwellings,  mostly  of  stone,  several 
stores,  and  a  number  of  mills  and  factories.  12 
ms.  below  this  place,  on  the  banks  of  this  creek, 
the  sanguinary  battle  of  Brandywine  was  fought, 
on  Sept.  11th,  1777.  The  country  around  this 
place  is  fertile  and  well  cultivated. 

Downington,  p-o.,  Scipio  t.,  Meigs  co.,  Ohio, 
83  s.  e.  Columbus,  350  W. 

Doylestown,  p-b.,  capital  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa., 
100  e.  Harrisburg,  162  W.  It  has  an  elevated 
and  commanding  situation,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  and  county  offices,  3  churches — 1 
Presbyterian,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Friends — an 
academy,  a  female  seminary;  6  stores,  cap. 
$33,000.  Three  English  and  1  German  week- 
ly newspapers  are  issued  here.  The  surface  of 
the  t.  is  rolling  ;  soil,  gravelly  loam.  It  has,  in- 
cluding the  borough,  9  stores,  cap.  $33,800 ;  2 
tanneries,  1  brewery,  4  printing  offices,  4  weekly 
newspapers,  1  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $40,790.  5  acad.  106 
students,  5  sch.  109  scholars.    Pop.  2,127. 

Dracut,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  27  n.  n. 
w.  Boston,  446  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of 
Merrimac  r.,  opposite  to  Lowell,  with  which  it  is 
connected  by  a  bridge.  Watered  by  Beaver  r., 
which  affords  water  power.  Incorporated  in 
1701.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $9,800  ;  2  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,500.  1  acad.  126 
students,  13  schools,  679  scholars.      Pop.  2,188. 

Drakestown,  p-v.,  Morris  co.,  N.  J.,  59  N.Tren- 
ton, 224  W.  Situated  on  Schooley's  Mountain, 
and  contains  a  store  and  12  or  15  dwellings. 

Dranesville,  p-v.,  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  140  n. 
Richmond,  21  W. 

Draper's,  p-o.,  Macon  co.,  111.,  53  e.  Spring- 
field, 730  W. 

Draper's  Valley,  p-o.,  Wythe  co.,  Va.  232 
w.  by  s.  Richmond,  300  W. 

Drapersville,  p-o.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va., 
120  s.  w.  Richmond,  233  W. 

Drayton,  p-v.,  Dooly  county,  Ga.,  98  s.  s. 
w.  Milledgeville,  755  W.  Situated  on  Penne- 
hatchie  cr.,  H  miles  from  its  entrance  into  Flint 
j  ver.     It  contains  about  15  families. 

Draw  Bridge,  p-o.,  Sussex  co.,  Del. 


Draytonsvu.i.k,  p-v.,  Union  (list.,  8.  C,  97  n. 
w.  Columbia,  454  W. 

Dresden,  p-t.,  Lincoln  co.,  M< .,  15  s.  Augusta, 
9  n.  Wiscasset,  600  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  bank 
of  Kennebec  r.  Incorporated  in  1794.  It  is  an 
agricultural  t.,  with  some  trade  on  the  r.  It  has 
3  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  in.  Cap.  in  inanu- 
fac.  $1,900.  643  scholars  in  sch.  Population, 
1,647.  V  h 

Dresden,  p-v.,  Grundy  co.,  111.,  153  n.  n.  e. 
Springfield,  753  W.  Situated  at  the  junction  of 
Kankakee  and  Des  Plaines  rivers,  on  the  line  of 
the  canal.  It  has  a  store  and  a  number  of 
dwellings. 

Dresden,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  N.  Y.,  80  n. 
by  e.  Albany,  28  n.  Sandy  Hill,  450  W.  The 
surface  is  hilly  and  mountainous.  It  lies  be- 
tween Lakes  George  and  Champlain.  It  is  most- 
ly covered  with  forests,  unfit  for  cultivation,  and 
abounds  with  bears,  deer,  wolves,  and  other 
wild  game.  Some  of  its  mountains  are  1,200  feet 
above  Lake  Champlain.  It  has  19  saw  m.,  9  sch. 
153  scholars.     Pop.  679. 

Dresden,  p-v.,  Jefferson  t.,  Muskingum  co., 
O.,  69  E.  Columbus,  344  W.  Situated  on  Waka- 
tomaka  cr.,  near  its  junction  with  the  Muskingum 
r.,  on  a  side-cut  from  the  Ohio  canal.  It  has  a 
church,  several  stores  and  warehouses,  and  is 
favorably  situated  for  business.  Near  the  v.  is  1 
flouring  m.,  and  1  saw  m.  It  has  1  acad.  18  stu- 
dents, 1  sch.  43  scholars.    Pop.  819. 

Dresden,  p-v.,  capital  of  Weakly  co.,  Tenn., 
122  w.  by  n.  Nashville,  808  W.  Situated  on  one 
of  the  head  branches  of  Obion  r.  It  contains  a 
court  house  and  several  dwellings. 

Dresden  Mills,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  17  s. 
Augusta,  598  W. 

Drewersburg,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  la.,  85  e.  s. 
e.  Indianapolis,  509  W. 

Drewrysville,  p-v.,  Southampton  co.,  Va., 
78  s.  s.  e.  Richmond,  197  W. 

Drewsville,  p-v.,  Walpole  t.,  Cheshire  co., 
N.  H,  62  w.  Concord,  450  W.  It  is  pleasantly 
situated  on  the  E.  side  of  Connecticut  r.,  at  Bel- 
lows falls.  It  has  considerable  manufactures, 
and  some  trade. 

Dripping  Spring,  p-o.,  Edmondson  co.,  Ky., 
130  s.  w.  Frankfort,  654  W.  The  springs  in  the 
vicinity  are  regarded  as  a  curiosity. 

Dromore,  t.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  15  s.  e.  Lan- 
caster. The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  clay.  Wa- 
tered by  Conewingo  cr.,  which  affords  water 
power.  Susquehanna  r.  runs  on  its  s.  w.  border. 
It  has  18  stores,  cap.  $19,700;  1  tannery,  4  flour- 
ing m.,  4  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac- 
$16,500.    8  sch.  270  scholars.    Pop.  2,268. 

Drowning  Creek,  p-o.,  Burke  co.,  N.  C,  182 
w.  Raleigh,  419  W. 

Drury's  Landing,  p-o.,  Rock  Island  co.,  111., 
171  n.  N.  w.  Springfield,  901  W. 

Drybdrg,  p-o.,  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  129  n.  Rich- 
mond, 27  W. 

Dry  Creek,  p-o.,  Lancaster  dist.,  S.  C,  71  n. 
n.  E.  Columbia,  466  W. 

Dry  Creek,  p-o.,  Campbell  co.,  Ky.,  79  n.  n. 
e.  Frankfort,  499  W. 

Dry  Creek,  p-o.,  Covington  co.,  Miss. 

Dryden,  p-t.,  Tompkins  co.,  N.  Y.,  153  w.  by 
s.  Albany,  307  W.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
rising  into  hills  to  the  s. ;  soil,  a  fertile  gravelly 
loam.  Drained  by  Fall  cr.,  with  its  branches, 
which  flow  into  Cayuga  lake.  The  v.  is  situated 
on  Virgil  cr.,  and  contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1 
Methodist  church,  a  flourishing  high-school,  3 
stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  cloth- 
ier's works,  and  about  500  inhabitants.  Pop.  ot 
the  t.  5,446.    It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $29,000 ;  2  full- 


DUB 


182 


DUD 


3  distilleries, 


ing  m.,  3  tanneries 

rope  fee,  9  grist  m.,  40  saw  m 

fac.  $80,325.    35  sch.  1,809  scholars 

Dryden,  t.,  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1  acad. 
20  students,  2  sch.  57  scholars.     Pop.  805 

Pry  Fork,  p-o.,  Carter  co.,  Ky.,  152  E.  Frank- 

°Dry  Forks,  p-o.,  Ralls  co.,  Mo.,  93  n.  n.  e. 
Jefferson  city,  920  W. 
Dry  Hill,  p-o.,  Lauderdale  co.,  Tenn. 
Dry  Pond,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.  C,  159  w.  by 
s.  Raleigh,  396  W.  M- 

Dry  Ridge,  p-o.,  Hamilton  co.,  O.,  126  s.  w. 
Columbus,  500  W.  . "  V 

Dry  Ridge,  p-v.,  Grant  co.,  Ky.,  53  n.  n.  e. 
Frankfort,  525  W. 

Dry  Run,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  67  w.  s.  w. 
Harrisburg,  115  W. 

Duane,  p-t,  Franklin  co.,  N.  Y.,  15  s.  Malone, 
189  N.  by  w.  Albany,  533  W.  The  s.  part  was 
erected  into  a  t.  in  1841,  by  the  name  of  Harriets- 
burg.  The  settlements  are  chiefly  in  the  N.  part. 
The  surface  is  uneven,  and  the  soil  a  fertile 
sandy  loam.  Iron  ore  of  a  superior  quality  is 
found  here,  capable  of  producing  the  finest  steel 
for  edge  tools.  Watered  by  branches  of  Salmon 
r.  The  v.  contains  1  store,  a  blast  furnace  and 
forge,  1  scythe  fac,  2  saw  m.,  and  about  25 
dwellings.  Pop.  of  the  t.  324.  It  has  2  furnaces, 
1  forge,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$4,500.    3  sch.  69  scholars. 

Duanesburg,  p-t.,  Schenectady  co.,  N.  Y.,  23 
w.  by  n.  Albany,  12  s.  w.  Schenectady,  393  W 
The  surface  is  elevated  and  hilly  ;  and  the  soil 
clay  loam.  Drained  by  Schoharie  cr.,  and  some 
other  small  branches  of  the  Mohawk  r.,  which 
afford  water  power.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $23,000 ; 
6  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fee,  3  grist  m.,  12  saw  m 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,350.  23  sch.  641  scholars, 
Pop.  3,357. 

Dublin,  p-t.,  Cheshire  co.,  N.  H.,  47  s.  w 
Concord,  10  e.  by  s.  Keene,  447  W.  Situated  on 
the  height  of  land  between  Connecticut  and  Mer 
rimac  rivers.  Some  of  its  streams  enter  the  Ash 
uelot,  a  tributary  of  the  former,  and  some  into  the 
Contoocook,  a  tributary  of  the  latter.  A  consid- 
erable portion  of  Grand  Monadnock  mountain 
lies  in  this  t.  The  soil  is  well  adapted  to  graz- 
ing. A  fund  of  $8,000  was  bequeathed  to  the 
public  schools,  and  of  $5,000  to  the  Congrega- 
tional church,  for  the  support  of  its  pastor,  by  a 
clergyman.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $2,300  ;  5  full- 
ing m.,  2  woollen  fee,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  9 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufec.  $80,400.  10  sch.  388 
scholars.    Pop.  1,075. 

Dublin,  p-v.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  106  E.  Harris- 
burg, 168  W. 

Dublin,  t.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  25  E.  Bedford. 
The  surface  is  level;  soil,  calcareous  loam. 
Drained  by  the  head  waters  of  Licking  cr.,  and 
by  Wooden  Bridge  and  Little  Augwick  creeks. 
It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $8,800  ;  1  tannery.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $700.    Pop.  902. 

Dublin,  p-v.,  Hartford  co.,  Md.,  68  n.  Anna 
polis,  78  W.  It  contains  a  Methodist  church, 
and  about  15  dwellings. 

Dublin,  t.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  21  s.  e.  Hun 
tingdon  b.  The  surface  is  mountainous ;  soil, 
clay.  Drained  by  Shade  and  Little  Augwick 
creeks.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $6,000 ;  1  fulling  m., 
3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $8,840.     Pop.  653. 

Dublin,  p-v.,  Washington  t.,  Franklin  co.,  O., 
12  n.  n.  w.  Columbus,  405  W.  Situated  on  ele- 
vated ground  on  the  w.  bank  of  Scioto  r.  Organ- 
ized in  1818.  It  contains  a  store,  and  a  number 
of  mills  on  the  r. 


1  paper  fee,  1       Dublin,  t.,  Mercer  co.,  O.    It  contains  the  vil- 
Cap.  in  manu-  J  lages  of  Shanesville  and  Milan. 

Dublin,  p-v.,  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  295  w  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  812  W. 

Dublin,  p-v.,  capital  of  Laurens  co.,  Ga.,  79  s. 
s.  E.  Milledgeville,  690  W.  Situated  on  w.  side 
of  the  Oconee  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
an  academy,  a  Baptist  church,  and  about  40 
dwellings. 

Dublin,  p-v.,  Wayne  co.,  la.,  50  e.  Indianapo- 
lis, 521  W.    Situated  2  ms.  w.  of  White  Water 
on  the  national  road. 

Dubois,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  s.  w.part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  432  sq.  ms.  Organized 
in  1817.  Watered  by  the  e.  fork  of  White  r., 
which  forms  its  n.  boundary,  Patoka  and  Hunt- 
ley's creeks,  Strait  r.,  and  some  others.  The  sur- 
face is  rolling,  and,  in  some  parts,  hilly,  and  the 
soil  is  good.  Capital,  Jasper.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  3,578,  sheep  3,794,  swine  11,552 ; 
wheat  11,822  bush,  produced,  Ind.  com  122,173, 
oats  17,339,  potatoes  7,390,  sugar  6,374  pounds  ; 
14  stores,  cap.  $27,450  ;  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  4 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,000.  1  acad.  75 
students,  2  sch.  50  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  1,778 ; 
1840,  3,632. 

Dubourg,  p-o.,  St.  James  par.,  La.,  49  w.  New 
Orleans. 

Dubuque,  county,  Iowa.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  ter.  It  has  the  Mississippi  r.  on  its  n.  e. 
border.  Watered  on  the  N.  by  Turkey  r.,  on  the  s. 
by  branches  of  the  n.  fork  of  Macoquetais  r., 
and  in  the  central  part  by  Little  Macoquetais 
river,  and  several  small  creeks,  which  flow  into 
the  Mississippi.  Capital,  Dubuque.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,175,  sheep  36,  swine  4,808  ; 
wheat  10,799  bush,  produced,  rye  715,  Ind.  corn 
16,762,  buckwheat  850,  oats  17,951,  potatoes 
49,195 ;  11  smelting  houses  produced  500,000 
pounds  lead ;  30  stores,  cap.  $123,300 ;  1  distil- 
lery, 2  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1  print- 
ing office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $6,000.    2  sch.  60  scholars.     Pop.  3,059. 

Dubuque,  p-v.,  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa.  Situated 
on  the  w.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  r.,  1,605  above 
N.  Orleans,  424  above  St.  Louis,  324  below  the 
Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  900  W.  It  is  built  on  a 
table  area  or  terrace,  which  extends  along  the  r. 
for  several  miles.  It  is  regularly  laid  out  and 
handsomely  built,  and  is  the  commercial  centre 
of  the  mineral  region.  It  contains  the  surveyor- 
general's  office  for  Wisconsin  and  Iowa,  the  land 
office  for  the  N.  district  of  Iowa,  4  or  5  churches, 
one  of  them  a  large  stone  Roman  Catholic  ca- 
thedral, a  bank,  of  brick,  several  spacious  brick 
warehouses,  an  academy,  a  lyceum,  a  reading 
room,  a  printing  office,  which  issues  a  weekly 
newspaper,  about  30  wholesale  and  retail  stores, 

12  grocery  stores,  several  hardware,  crockery, 
glass,  and  tin  stores,  and  numerous  mechanic 
shops,  and  a  population  of  about  1,300.  Lead  ore 
is  found  in  abundance  within  the  corporate  limits 
of  the  city,  and  for  miles  around  on  every  side. 

Duchanynet,  t.,  Allen  co.,  O.    Pop.  709. 

Duck  Branch,  p-o.,  Barnwell  dist.,  S.  C,  105 
s.  by  w.  Columbia,  611  W. 

Duck  Creek,  p-o.,  Brown  co.,  Wis.  ter.,  167 
n.  n.  e.  Madison,  947  W. 

Duck  Creek,  hundred,  Kent  co.,  Del.    It  has 

13  stores,  cap.  $70,000;  5  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$5,200 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fee,  1  tannery,  2 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufec.  $48,200.  8 
sch.  540  scholars.     Pop.  3,839. 

Dudley,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Ms.,  58  s.  w.  Bos- 
ton, 391  W.  Watered  by  Quinnebaug  and 
French  rivers,  which  afford  good  water  power, 
Incorporated  in  1731.    It  has  a  pond  in  its  s.  e. 


DUN 


183 


DUN 


corner,  nearly  fivo  miles  long.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $10,000 ;  5  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  2  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $131,430.  1 
acad.  125  students,  8  sch.  443  scholars.  Pop. 
1,352. 

Dudley,  p-t.,  Hardin  co.,  O.,  66  n.  n.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 437  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  particu- 
larly adapted  to  grazing.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$2,500  ;  2  sch.  35  scholars.    Pop.  349. 

Dudley,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  N.  C,  59  s.  e.  Ra- 
leigh, 289  W 

Dudley,  t.,  Henry  co.,  la.  It  has  6  sch.  126 
scholars.    Pop.  1,650. 

Dudley vi  lle,  p-v.,  Tallapoosa  co.,  Ala.,  152 
e.  s.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  781  W.  Situated  5  ms.  s.  e. 
of  Tallapoosa  r. 

Due  West  Corner,  p-o.,  Abbeville  dist.,  S. 
Carolina. 

Duff's  Forks,  p-o.,  Madison  t.,  Fayette  co., 
O.,  36  s.  w.  Columbus,  417  W.  It  contains  a 
store  and  Methodist  church,  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Dugger's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Carter  co.,  Term.,  314 
E.  by  n.  Nashville,  410  W. 

Dukedom,  p-o.,  Weakley  co.,  Tenn.,  130  w. 
Nashville,  816  W. 

Dukes,  county,  Ms.,  consists  of  the  islands  of 
Martha's  Vineyard,  Chippiquiddic,  Elizabeth 
Islands,  and  No  Man's  land,  lying  s.  E.  of  Buz- 
zards bay.  Martha's  Vineyard,  the  largest  island, 
including  Chippiquiddic,  is  divided  into  3  town- 
ships. It  was  first  settled  in  1641.  Capital,  Ed- 
garton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2S3, 
sheep  8,160,  swine  867;  wheat  692  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  965,  Ind.  corn  7,604,  oats  1,746,  pota- 
toes 10,041,  salt  1,330 ;  29  stores,  cap.  $51,600  ;  1 
lumber  yard,  cap.  $4,000 ;  cap.  invested  in  fishe- 
ries, $161,250 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  1 
tannery,  7  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $57,620. 
2  acad.  70  students,  23  sch.  1,743  scholars.  Pop. 
1830,  1,763 ;  1840,  3,958. 

Dukes,  p-o.,  Putnam  co.,  O.,  106  n.  n.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 471  W. 

Dumas'  Store,  p-o.,  Richmond  co.,  N.  C,  131 
s.  w.  Raleigh,  405  W. 

Dumfries,  p-v.,  Prince  William  co.,  Va.,  86  n. 
by  e.  Richmond,  33  W.  Situated  on  the  N.  side  of 
(£uantico  cr.,  a  branch  of  the  Potomac.  It  con- 
tains 2  churches — 1  Baptist  and  1  Methodist — 1 
flouring  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  and  several  mechan- 
ics. The  mouth  of  the  Quantico,  2b  ms.  below 
Dumfries,  is  the  best  winter  harbor  on  the  Poto- 
mac, seldom  obstructed  by  ice. 

Dummer,  t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H.  Situated  in  the 
N.  part  of  the  state.  Watered  by  Ammonoosuc  r. 
which  flows  into  the  Connecticut  r.,  and  the  An- 
droscoggin r.,  which  flows  through  Maine  into 
the  Atlantic  Chartered  in  1773.  It  is  a  remote 
and  unimportant  town,  and  has  1  grist  m.,  and  1 
saw  m.,  1  sch.  22  scholars.    Pop.  57. 

Dummerston,  p-t.,  Windham  co.,  Vt,  115  s. 
by  e.  Montpelier,  428  W.  The  surface  is  hilly 
and  rough,  but  adapted  to  grazing.  Watered  by 
West  r.,  and  some  smaller  streams,  which  afford 
good  mill  seats.  Connecticut  r.  bounds  it  on  the 
e  This  t.  was  one  of  the  earliest  settled  in  the 
state.  Fort  Dummer,  which  was  within  the  ad- 
joining t.  of  Brattleboro,  was  founded  in  1625 ; 
and  this  place  is  noted  in  early  Indian  warfare. 
It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $12,000 ;  5  grist  m.,  5  saw  m., 
12  sch.  451  scholars.    Pop.  1,263. 

Dumontville,  p-o.,  Fairfield  co.,  O.,  32  s.  E. 
Columbus,  380  W. 

Dunbar,  t.,  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  8  n.  e.  Union. 
The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  calcareous  loam. 
Youghiogheny  r.  runs  on  its  e.  border,  and  re- 
ceives Dunbar  run,  which  affords  water  power. 
It  has  &  stores,  cap.  $19,560 ;  2  fulling  m.,  3  wool- 


len fac,  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2  flouring  m.,  6 
grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac,  s'.M),-J08.  7 
sch.  434  scholars.     Pop.  2,070. 

Dunbarton,  p-t.,  Merrimac  co.,  N.  H.,  10  s.  by 
w.  Concord,  174  W.  The  surface  is  elevated, 
but  not  hilly;  the  soil  is   fertile,  and  t!  i«  ■  water 

?ood.  It  is  a  fine  farming  town.  Chartered  in 
751.  It  has  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  (  ap. 
in  manufac.  $2,300.   9  sch.  249  scholars.  Pop.  950. 

Dunbarton,  p-o.,  Meigs  t.,  Adams  co.,  O.,  96 
s.  by  w.  Columbus,  433  W. 

Duncan,  p-o.,  Wood  co.,  Va.,  331  w.  n.  w. 
Richmond,  299  W. 

Duncan  t.,  Linn  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  198. 

Duncan's  Creek,  p-o.,  Cleveland  co.,  N.  C, 
204  w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  441  W. 

Duncan's  Falls,  p-o.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.,  62 
E.  Columbus,  347  W.  A  dam  across  the  Musk- 
ingum here  affords  great  water  power. 

Duncansville,  p-o.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  120 
w.  Harrisburg,  163  W. 

Duncansville,  p-v.,  Barnwell  dist.,  S.  C,  80 
s.  s.  w.  Columbia,  586  W. 

Duncansville,  p-v.,  Thomas  co.,  Ga.,  227  s. 
s.  w.  Milledgeville,  884  W.  Situated  2  ms.  n.  of 
the  Florida  line. 

Duncantown,  p-o.,  Mantua  v.,  White  co.,  III., 
172  s.  e.  Springfield,  785  W. 

Duncard,  t.,  Greene  co.,  Pa.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $6,600  ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tan- 
nery, 5  distilleries,  5  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  2  oil  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,895.  5  sch.  120  scholars. 
Pop.  1,292. 

Dundaff,  p-b.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  166  n.  n. 
e.  Harrisburg,  270  W.  It  contains  1  Presbyte- 
rian church,  3  stores,  an  academy,  a  glass  fac, 
and  40  dwellings.  The  t.  has  5  stores,  cap. 
$12,900  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $15,200.  2  sch.  70  scholars.  Pop.  304. 

Dundee,  p-o.,  Kane  co.,  III. 

Dundee,  p-t.,  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  54  s.  w.  De- 
troit, 503  W.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  Raisin  r., 
18  from  Lake  Erie.  It  contains  3  churches — 1 
Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  1  Methodist — 4  stores, 
and  several  mechanic  shops.  There  are  in  the 
t.  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,000. 
8  sch.  165  scholars.    Pop.  773. 

Dungannon,  p-v.,  Hanovcrt.,  Columbiana  co., 
O.,  142  n.  e.  Columbus,  287  W.    Pop.  47. 

Dunkirk,  p-v.,  Pomfret  t,  Chautauque  co.,  N. 
Y.,  326  w.  Albany.,  348  W.  Situated  on  Lake 
Erie.  The  harbor  has  been  improved,  and  has  a 
depth  of  12  feet  of  water  over  the  bar.  It  is 
much  resorted  to  in  bad  weather.  The  v.  was 
incorporated  in  1837.  It  contains  2  churches— 1 
Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist— an  academy,  10 
stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.  At  this  place  the 
New  York  and  Erie  railroad  is  designed  to  ter- 
minate. Distance  to  New  York  by  the  railroad  470. 

Dunkley's  Grove,  p-o.,  Dupage  co.,  111.,  218 
n.  n.  e.  Springfield,  733  W. 

Dunlap,  p-o.,  Hamilton  co.,  O.,  Ill  s.  w.  by 
w.  Columbus,  499  W. 

Dunlapsville,  p-o.,  Laurens  co.,  S.  C. 

Dunlapsville,  p-v.,  Union  co.,  la.,  69  E.  In- 
dianapolis, 517  W.  Situated  on  w.  side  of  the 
E.  branch  of  White  Water  r. 

Dunnsburg,  p-v.,  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  109  n.  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  201  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  bank 
of  the  w.  branch  of  Susquehanna  r.,  opposite  the 
mouth  of  Bald  Eagle  cr. 

Dunn's  Corner,  p-o.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  10 
Augusta,  605  W. 

Dunnsville,  p-v.,  Essex  co.,  va.,  56  n.  e. 
Richmond,  118  W. 

Dunningsville,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Pa., 
199  w.  Harrisburg,  226  W. 


DUR 


184 


DWI 


Dunstable,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co. 


31  N. 


Mass. 
w.  Boston,  437  W.  The  surface  is .level ;  soil, 
ppnerallv  sandy.  Watered  by  Nashua  and  feal- 
£  rivers  incorporated  in  1683.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $3,200 ;  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  5  sch. 
190  scholars.    Pop.  603. 

Dunstable,  t.,  Clinton  co.,  Pa.,  30  w.  Wil- 
liamsport.  The  surface  is  mountainous;  soil, 
calcareous  loam  and  slate.  The  w.  branch  of 
Susquehanna  r.  runs  on  its  s.  E.  and  s.  border. 
The  t.  is  chiefly  a  desert,  but  contains  coal.  It 
has  3  stores,  cap.  $16,000 ;  1  brewery.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $100.    Pop.  841. 

Dutonsville,  p-o.,  Edgefield  dist.,  S.  C,  65 
w.  Columbia,  560  W. 

Duplin,  county,  N.  C.    Situated  in  the  s.  E. 

K art  of  the  state,  and  contains  600  sq.  ms.  Drained 
y  n.  e.  Cape  Fear  r.  and  branches.  Surface, 
level;  soil, fertile.  Capital, Keenansville.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,816,  sheep  6,670,  swine 
31,061 ;  wheat  2,683  bush,  produced,  rye,  1,091 
Ind.  corn  244,584,  oats  3,525,  potatoes  85,371,  rice 
77,550  pounds,  cotton  1,346,229;  9  stores,  cap. 
$23,750 ;  55  grist  m.,  30  saw  m.,  2  acad.  63  stu- 
dents, 9  sch.  206  scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,244, 
slaves  4,677,  free  col'd  261 ;  total,  11,182. 

Dupont,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  la.,  74  s.  s.  E.  In- 
dianapolis, 574  W. 

Dupree's  Old  Store,  p-o.,  Charlotte  co.,  Va., 
102  s.  w.  by  w.  Richmond,  200  W. 

Durant's  Neck,  p-o.,  Perquiman's  co.,  N.  C, 
215  e.  by  N.  Raleigh,  305  W. 

Durham,  p-t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  39  s.  w. 
Augusta,  566  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of  An- 
droscoggin r.,  which  is  crossed  by  a  bridge  at 
Lisbon.  It  is  a  good  agricultural  t.  Incorporated 
in  1783.    It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $4,500  ;  1  tannery, 

2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,500. 
12  sch.  458  scholars.    Pop.  1,836. 

Durham,  p-t.,  Strafford  co.,  N.  H.,  32  e.  by  s. 
Concord,  11  w.  n.  w.  Portsmouth.  Watered  by 
Piscataqua  r.  and  its  branches,  which  afford  wa 
ter  power.  The  v.  is  situated  on  Oyster  r.,  a 
branch  of  the  Piscataqua,  which  is  navigable  to 
this  place.  Granite  is  here  found,  and  is  export- 
ed. This  place  suffered  much  in  early  times 
from  Indian  hostilities.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $5,800 ; 

3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,100. 
10  sch.  505  scholars.    Pop.  1,498. 

Durham,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Ct.,  21  s.  Hart- 
ford, 319  W.  The  surface  is  uneven,  but  the  soil 
is  fertile.  First  settled  in  1698.  Watered  by 
West  r.,  a  tributary  of  the  Connecticut.  It  has  6 
stores,  cap.  $10,400 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,132.  5  sch.  205  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,095. 

Durham,  p-t.,  Greene  co.,  N.  Y.,  36  s.  w.  Al- 
bany, 359  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  broken  ; 
soil,  clay  and  gravelly  loam.  Watered  by  Cats- 
kill  r.  and  its  tributaries.  The  v.  contains  1 
church,  1  store,  30  dwellings,  and  about  300  in- 
habitants. Pop.  of  the  t.  2,813.  The  t.  has  7 
stores,  cap.  $18,300 ;  1  furnace,  4  tanneries,  4 
grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $32,550. 
1  acad.  18  students,  11  sch.  276  scholars. 

Durham,  t.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  20  n.  e.  Doyles- 
town.  Watered  by  Cook's  or  Durham  cr.,  which 
affords  water  power.  Delaware  r.  bounds  it  on 
the  E.  It  contains  a  singular  and  extensive  cave 
in  limestone  rock,  called  the  Devil's  Hole,  at  the 
bottom  of  which  is  a  basin  of  pure  water,  20  feet 
wide,  which  has  an  outlet  under  the  earth.  It 
has  3  stores,  cap.  $12,000  ;  1  flouring  m.,  2  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,650.  2  sch. 
28  scholars.    Pop.  691. 

Durhamville,  p-v.,  Verona  t.,  Oneida  co.,  N. 
Y,  125  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  363  W.    Situated  on 


both  sides  of  Oneida  cr.  It  contains  2  churches, 
4  stores,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  large  tannery,  25 
dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Durhamville,  p-v.,  Lauderdale  co.,  Tenn., 
181  w.  by  s.  Nashville,  862  W. 

Durlack,  p-o.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  34  E.  s.  E. 
Harrisburg,  128  W. 

Durretsville,  p-o.,  Richmond  co.,  Va.,  65  e. 
n.  E.  Richmond,  124  W. 

Dutchman's  Point,  p-o.,  Cook  co.,  HI.,  216 
n.  e.  by  n.  Springfield,  729  W. 

Dutch  Settlement,  p-v.,  St.  Mary's  par., 
La.,  127  w.  by  s.  New  Orleans,  1,209  W.  Sit- 
uated on  Tec  he  r. 

Dutchess,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  in  the  s.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  765  sq.  ms.  Hud- 
son r.  washes  its  w.  border.  The  surface  is  un- 
even, and  in  the  e.  part  hilly,  but  the  soil  is 
generally  good,  and  highly  cultivated.  The  pro- 
ductions of  grain  and  of  cattle  are  extensive,  and 
find  an  easy  access  to  market ;  and  the  county  is 
extensively  inhabited  by  wealthy  farmers.  Iron 
ore  and  marble  are  abundant,  and  lead  ore  and 
black  lead  are  found.  Fishkill  and  Wappinger's 
creeks,  tributaries  of  the  Hudson,  afford  exten- 
sive mill  seats.  Ten  Mile  cr.,  a  tributary  of  the 
Housatonic,  waters  the  e.  part  of  the  co.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  44,247,  sheep  215,950, 
swine  65,777  ;  wheat  171,617  bush,  produced,  rye 
175,550,  Ind.  corn  710,473,  buckwheat  86,980, 
barley  2,540,  oats  1,360,613,  potatoes  594,136, 
wool  413,635  pounds ;  value  of  the  products  of 
the  dairy  $643,834;  183  stores,  cap.  $572,450;  15 
lumber  yards,  cap.  $181,000  ;  4  furnaces,  15  full- 
ing m.,  6  woollen  fac,  11  cotton  fac.  21,348  sp., 
1  dyeing  and  print,  establishment,  18  tanneries, 
1  brewery,  2  potteries,  1  rope  fac,  29  flouring  m., 
61  grist  m.,  64  saw  m.,  3  paper  fac,  3  printing 
offices,  1  bindery,  2  periodicals,  2  weekly  news- 
papers. Cap.  in  manufac,  $1,944,488.  7  acad. 
621  students,  107  sch.  4,498  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 
50,926 ;  1840,  52,398. 

Dutchville,  p-o.,  Granville  co.,  N.  C,  40  n. 
Raleigh,  274  W. 

Dutotsburg,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  130  n.  e. 
by  e.  Harrisburg,  25  n.  Easton,  223  W.  Situated 
on  Delaware  r.,  n.  side  of  the  Water  Gap.  It  has 
10  dwellings. 

Duval,  county,  Flor.  Situated  in  the  N.  E. 
part  of  the  ter.,  and  contains  720  sq.  ms.  Nassau 
r.  separates  it  from  Nassau  co.  on  the  N.  Drained 
by  St.  John's  r.  and  Black  r.  Capital,  Jackson- 
ville. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,901 
sheep  31,  swine  2,001 ;  Ind.  corn  20,085  bush, 
produced,  potatoes  17,691,  rice  9,010  pounds,  cot- 
ton 140,658,  sugar  21,600  ;  12  stores,  cap.  $67,500 ; 
6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1 17,000.  3  sch.  75 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,250,  slaves  1,801,  free 
col'd  105;  total,  4,156. 

Duxbury,  p-t.,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  36  s.  s.  E. 
Boston,  6  n.  Plymouth,  448  W.  Situated  on 
Massachusetts  bay.  The  soil  is  sandy,  with 
some  good  land.  It  has  13  stores,  cap.  $37,750 ;  1 
woollen  fac,  3  tanneries,  1  rope  fac,  2  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $95,800.  1  acad.  30 
students,  11  sch.  700  scholars.    Pop.  2,798. 

Duxbury,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  13  w.  Mont- 
pelier,  22  s.  E.  Burlington.  Much  of  the  town  is 
mountainous,  and  incapable  of  cultivation.  There 
is  some  good  land  on  Onion  r.,  which  runs  on  its 
n.  boundary.  Watered  by  Mad  river  and  its 
branches.  A  natural  bridge  over  Onion  r.  con- 
nects it  with  Waterbury.  It  has  7  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $4,405.  8  sch.  281  scholars.  Pop. 
820. 

Dwight,  p-o.,  Pope  co.,  Ark.,  77  n.  w.  Little 
Rock,  1.142  W. 


EAR 


185 


EAS 


Dwight,  v.,  Cherokee  nation,  a  missionary 
station,  established  in  1820,  by  the  American 
Board  of  Foreign  Missions.  Situated  on  the  w. 
bank  of  Illinois  r.  of  Red  r.,  4  miles  above  its 
junction  with  Arkansas  r.  Keel  boats  navigate 
to  this  place.  It  has  a  flourishing  school  for  the 
education  of  Indian  youth. 

Dyberry,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  Pa.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $6,000;  2  tanneries,  68  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $141,150.  7  sch.  153  scholars.  Pop. 
691. 

Dyer's  River,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  22  s.  E. 
Augusta,  596  W. 

Dyer,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  840  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  w.  by  Mississippi  r.   Watered  by  Obion 


and  Forked  Deer  rivers.  The  surface  is  rolling, 
excepting  the  flats  along  the  MhuAariovA  r.  ( Sap> 
ital,  Dversburg.  There  were  in  IS  10,  neat  cut- 
tle 5,801,  sheep  898,  twine  2,193;  wheat  12,526 
bush,  produced,  lnd.  corn  221,505,  oati  7,098,  po> 
tatoea  12,192,  tobacco  87,330  pounds,  cotton 
68,651;  5  stores,  cap.  $n,'.).V>;  9  Souring  in.,  3 
grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,750.  6 
sch.  137  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 1,904 ;  1840,  wliites 
3,427,  slaves  1,042,  free  col'd  15 ;  total,  4,484. 

Dyersburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Dyer  co.,  Tenn., 
161  w.  Nashville,  844  W.  Situated  on  the  \. 
branch  of  Forked  Deer  r.,  30  ms.  above  its  en- 
trance into  Mississippi  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house  and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Dyre,  t.,  Saline  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  209. 


E. 


Eagle,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y.,  264  w.  by 
s.  Albany,  355  W.  The  surface  is  undulating ; 
soil,  argillaceous  loam,  adapted  to  grass  or  to 
grain,  and  very  heavily  timbered.  Drained  by 
Caneadea  and  Wiskoy  creeks.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $1,000;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,275.  8  sch.  249  scholars. 
Pop.  1,187. 

Eagle,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  Pa.,  139  n.  w.  Har- 
risburg,  320  W. 

Eagle,  p-o.,  Clinton  co.,  Mich. 

Eagle,  p-t.,  Hancock  co.,  O.,  83  n.  w.  Colum- 
bus, 454  W.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $1,000.  4  sch.  191  scholars.  Pop. 
524. 

Eagle,  t.,  Brown  co.,  O.  It  contains  the  p-v., 
called  Fincastle,  17  ms.  from  West  Union.  It 
has  4  sch.  134  scholars.    Pop.  891. 

Eagle,  t.,  Ross  co.,  O.    Pop.  411. 

Eagle  Creek,  p-o.,  Lake  co.,  la.,  150  n.  w. 
Indianapolis,  694  W. 

Eagle  Creek,  p-o.,  Gallatin  co.,  111.,  102  s.  s. 
E.  Springfield,  769  W.  The  cr.  enters  Saline  cr. 
near  its  mouth.  There  is  some  good  land  and  a 
large  settlement  on  this  stream. 
.  Eagle  Factory,  p-o.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa., 
185  n.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  295  W. 

Eagle  Falls,  p-o.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  C. 

Eagle  Grove,  p-o.,  Elbert  co.,  Ga.,  114  n.  by 
e.  Milledgeville,  588  W. 

Eagle  Harbor,  p-v.,  Gaines  t.,  Orleans  co., 
N.  Y.,  256  w.  by  n.  Albany,  398  W.  It  contains 
1  Methodist  church,  2  stores,  3  warehouses,  1 
100  dwellings,  and  about 


flouring  m.,  1  saw  m 
600  inhabitants. 

Eagle  Rock,  p-v 
Raleigh,  286  W. 

Eagletown,   p-v. 


Wake  co.,  N.  C,  12  e 


Choctaw  nation,  Indian 
ter.,  177  w.  by  s.  "of  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  1,242  W. 
Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  the  Mountain  Fork  of 
Little  r.,  a  tributary  of  Red  r. 

Eagle  Village,  p-v.,  Boone  co.,  la.,  15  n.  w. 
Indianapolis,  586  W. 

Eagleville,  p-v.,  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  102  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  194  W. 

Eagleville,  p-o.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.,  200  n. 
e.  Columbus,  340  W. 

Eagleville,  p-v.,  Williamson  co.,  Tenn.,  27 
s.  Nashville,  690  W. 

Earl,  t.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  13  n.  w.  Lancas- 
ter. The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  red  shale  and 
gravel.  Drained  by  Conestoga  cr.,  and  its  branch, 
Muddy  cr.  It  has  several  villages.  There  is  a 
forge  on  Conestoga  cr.  It  has  9  stores,  cap. 
$54,400 ;  4  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  pottery,  8 
flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufactures $21,250.  6  sch.  192  scholars.  Pop. 
3,982. 


Earl,  t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is  hilly. 
South  mountain  passes  through  it.  Drained  by 
Manatawny  cr.  It  has  2  fulling  m.,  1  forge,  2 
tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $7,000.    Pop.  1,158. 

Earlsville,  p-v.,  Hamilton  t,  Madison  co., 
N.  Y.,  98  w.  by  n.  Albany,  352  W.  Situated  on 
Chenango  r.  It  contains  2  churches,  7  stores,  3 
warehouses,  1  flouring  m.,  and  15  or  20  dwellings. 
The  Chenango  canalpasses  through  it. 

Earlville,  p-o.,  Earl  t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  65  e. 
Harrisburg,  153  W. 

Earlville,  p-o.,  Spartanburg  dist.,  S.  C,  178 
N.  w.  Columbia,  472  W. 

Early,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  s.  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  1,280  sq.  ms.  The 
Chattahoochee  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border.  Watered 
by  Spring  r.  and  its  branches,  a  tributary  of  Flint 
r.  Surface,  level ;  soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Blakeley. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  16,786,  sheep 
1,511,  swine  12,331 ;  wheat  2,327  bush,  produced, 
lnd.  corn  119,750,  oats  2,461,  potatoes  17,573,  rice 
3,300  pounds,  cotton  1,057,898,  sugar  24,625 ;  16 
stores,  cap.  $71,600 ;  1  tannery,  13  grist  m.,  5  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,900.  2  colleges,  120 
students,  2  acad.  47  students,  2  sch.  39  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  3,120,  slaves  2,317,  free  col'd  7; 
total,  5,444. 

Early  Grove,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.  C,  180  w. 
bys.  Raleigh,  417  W. 

East,  t.,  Carroll  co.,  O.    Pop.  995. 

East  Abington,  p-v.,  Abington  t„  Plymouth 
co.,  Mass.,  18  s.  s.  e.  Boston,  446  W.  Situated 
on  Pembroke  cr.,  issuing  from  a  considerable 
pond,  a  branch  of  North  r.  It  contains  a  Congre- 
gational church. 

East  Alton,  p-v.,  Alton  t.,  Belknap  co.,  N 
H.,  33  n.  e.  Concord,  514  W. 

East  Avon,  p-v.,  Avon  t.,  Livingston  co.,  N. 
Y.,  218  w.  Albany,  399  W.  Situated  2  miles  e. 
of  Avon  Springs.  It  contains  1  Presbyterian  and 
1  Baptist  church,  2  stores,  35  dwellings,  and 
about  250  inhabitants.  It  has  a  commanding 
view,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  highly  cultivated 
country. 

East  Baldwin,  p-v.,  Baldwin  t.,  Cumberland 
co.,  Me.,  70  s.  w.  Augusta,  546  W. 

East  Barnard,  p-v.,  Barnard  t.,  Windsor  co., 
Vt.,  39  s.  Montpelier,  494  W. 

East  Bend,  p-o.,  Hancock  co.,  111.,  126  w.  N. 
w.  Springfield,  877  W. 

East  Berkshire,  p-v.,  Berkshire  t.,  Franklin 
co.,  Vt.,  61  n.  Montpelier,  563  W. 

East  Berlin,  p-v.,  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  25  s.  w. 
Harrisburg,  90  W. 

East  Berne,  p-v.,  Berne  t.,  Albany  co.,  N.  Y, 
19  w.  Albany,  339  W.  It  contains  2  stores,  1 
grist  m.,  1  saw  ro.,  and  12  or  15  dwellings. 


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East  Bethany,  p-o.,  Bethany  t.,  Genesee  co., 
N.  Y.,  248  w.  Albany,  367  W. 

East  Bethel,  p-o.,  Bethel  t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me., 
59  w.  Augusta,  607  W. 

East  Bethel,  p-v.,  Bethel  t.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt., 
28  s.  by  w.  Montpelier,  493  W. 

East  Bethlehem,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Pa., 
197  w.  Harrisburg,  213  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ; 
soil,  loam.  Coal  abounds.  Monongahela  r.  runs 
on  its  e.  boundary,  and  Ten  Mile  cr.  on  its  s. 
border.  The  national  road  crosses  the  Monon- 
gahela r.  in  its  n.  e.  part.  It  has  several  villages. 
It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $19,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  wool- 
len fac,  4  distilleries,  13  sch.  520  scholars.  Pop. 
2,312. 

East  Bloomfield,  p-t.,  Ontario  co.,  N.  Y.,  8 
w.  Canandaigua,  203  w.  Albany,  349  W.  The 
surface  is  undulating  ;  soil,  fertile  clay  and  sandy 
loam.  Drained  by  Mud  cr.  The  v.  contains  1 
Presbyterian  and  1  Congregational  church,  4 
stores,  1  tannery,  1  furnace,  40  dwellings,  and 
about  300  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  8  grist 
m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,250.  1  acad. 
84  students,  13  sch.  610  scholars.     Pop.  1,986. 

East  Bloomfield,  p-o.,  Bloomfield  t.,  Craw- 
ford co.,  Pa.,  242  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  333  W. 

East  Branch,  p-o.,  Hancock  t.,  Delaware  co., 
N.  Y.,  103  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  306  W. 

East  Bradford,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.  Brandy- 
wine  r.  runs  on  its  s.  w.  boundary.  Watered  by 
Valley  cr.  and  its  branches,  which  afford  water 
power.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  calcareous 
loam.  It  Mas  2  stores,  cap.  $3,400 ;  1  fulling  m., 
1  woollen  fac,  2  cotton  fac.  80  sp.,  4  grist  m.,  4 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $21,475.  6  sch.  125 
scholars.    Pop.  1,215. 

East  Brewer,  p-o.,  Brewer  t.,  Penobscot  co., 
Me.,  76  n.  E.  Augusta,  671  W. 

East  Brewster,  p-v.,  Brewster  t.,  Barnstable 
co.,  Mass.,  93  s.  e.  Boston,  494  W.     It  contains 

1  Congregational,   1    Baptist,  and   1    Unitarian 
church. 

East  Bridgewater,  p-t.,  Plymouth  co., 
Mass.,  25  s.  s.  e.  Boston,  433  W.  Organized  in 
1823.  Watered  by  a  branch  of  Taunton  r.,  which 
affords  good  water  power.  It  has  2  Congrega- 
tional churches,  and  extensive  manufactures.  It 
has  7  stores,  cap.  $15,800 ;  1  furnace,  2  forges,  1 
cotton  fac.  904  sp.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper,  3  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $142,070.  1  acad.  25  students,  7  sch.  457 
scholars.    Pop.  1,950. 

Eastbrook,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  Me.    It  contains 

2  ponds,  which  have  an  outlet  into  Union  r.     It 
has  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,000 ; 

3  sch.  62  scholars.    Pop.  155. 

East  Brook,  p-o.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  232  w.  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  274  W. 

East  Brookfield,  p-v.,  Brookfield  t.,  Orange 
co.,  Vt.,  22  s.  Montpelier,  504  W.  Situated  on  a 
branch  of  White  r.  which  affords  water  power. 

East  Brookfield,  p-v.,  Brookfield  t.,  Worces- 
ter co.,  Mass.,  56  w.  s.  w.  Boston,  392  W. 

East  Buffalo,  t.,  Union  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1 
fulling  m.,  1  distillery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $7,850.  4  sch.  160  scholars.  Pop. 
812. 

East  Burnham,  p-o.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  40  n  n 
E.  Augusta,  636  W. 

East  Calais,  p-o.,  Calais  t.,  Washington  co 
Vt.,  13  n.  e.  Momtpelier,  529  W. 

East  Caln,  t,  Chester  co.,  Pa.  It  has  10 
stores,  cap.  $32,850  ;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $2,000 ; 
1  forge,  1  paper  fac,  3  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  oil  ml 
Cap.  in  manufac  $15,070.  1  acad.  20  students,  6 
sch.  300  scholars.     Pop.  1,757. 

East  Cambridge,  p-v.,  Cambridge  t.,  Middle- 


sex co.,  Mass.,  1  n.  w.  Boston,  439  W.  It  was 
formerly  called  Lechmere  Point,  and  is  connect- 
ed with  Boston  by  Canal  Bridge,  and  by  the  via- 
duct of  the  Boston  and  Lowell  railroad  over 
Charles  r.  It  contains  a  court  house  and  jail,  3 
churches,  a  large  glass  fac,  and  is  a  large  and 
flourishing  village. 

East  Canisteo,  p-o.,  Canisteo  t.,  Steuben  co., 
N.  Y.,  241  w.  by  s.  Albany,  308  W. 

East  Carlton,  p-o.,  Carlton  t.,  Orleans  co., 
N.  Y.,  262  w.  by  n.  Albany,  405  W. 

East  Charleston,  p-o.,  Charleston  L,  Or- 
leans co.,  Vt.,  68  N.  by  e.  Montpelier,  578  W. 

East  Chester,  p-v.,  Chester  t.,  Rockingham 
co.,  N.  H.,  25  s.  s.  e.  Concord,  466  W. 

East  Chester,  p-t.,  Westchester  co.,  N.  Y., 
142  s.  Albany,  15  n.  e.  New  York,  241  W.  The 
surface  is  hilly  and  stony  ;  soil,  a  fertile  loam. 
Watered  by  Bronx  r.  and  Hutchinson's  cr.,  which 
enter  through  an  estuary  into  Long  Island  sound. 
The  v.  is  on  the  e.  side  of  East  Chester  cr.,  and 
contains  2  churches — 1  Episcopal  and  1  Method- 
ist— 4  stores,  1  grist  m.,  50  dwellings,  and  about 
350  inhabitants.  It  has  a  convenient  harbor,  and 
several  sloops  employed  in  trade  with  New  York. 
There  are  in  the  t.,  1  acad.  20  students,  1  sch.  40 
scholars.     Pop.  1,502. 

East  China,  p-o.,  China  t.,  Wyoming  co.,  N. 
Y.,  268  w.  Albany,  351  W. 

East  Clarenden,  p-o.,  Clarenden  t.,  Rutland 
co.,  Vt.,  66  s.  by  w.  Montpelier,  460  W. 

East  Claridon,  p-o.  Claridon  t.,  Geauga  co., 
O.,  174  n.  e.  Columbus,  333  W. 

East  Clinton,  p-o.,  Clinton  t.,  Kennebec  co.r 
Me.,  29  n.  e.  Augusta,  625  W. 

East  Cocalico,  t.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.  Drain- 
ed by  Cocalico  cr.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $23,000  ; 
2  tanneries,  5  distilleries,  7  grist  m.  Cap.  in  man 
ufac.  $17,840.     Pop.  1,983. 

East  Constable,  p-o.,  Constable  t.,  Franklin 
co.,  N.  Y.,  214  n.  by  w.  Albany,  553  W. 

East  Corinth,  p-o.,  Corinth  t.,  Penobscot  co., 
Me.,  88  n.  E.  Augusta,  683  W. 

East  Corinth,  p-o.,  Corinth  t,  Orange  co., 
Vt.,  23  s.  E.  Montpelier,  521  W. 

East  Deer,  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.  Situated 
on  the  w.  side  of  the  Alleghany  r.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $3,100  ;  4  grist  m.,  4  sawm.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $6,250.     10  sch.  540  scholars.     Pop.  1,987 

East  Dennis,  p-v.,  Dennis  t.,  Barnstable  co., 
Mass.,  83  s.  e.  Boston,  484  W. 

East  Dixfield,  p-o.,  Dixfield  t.,  Oxford  co., 
Me.,  35  w.  by  n.  Augusta,  613  W. 

East  Donegal,  t.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.  Drain- 
ed by  Little  Chicques  cr.  and  branches.  It  has 
20  stores,  cap.  $76,800 ;  7  lumber  yards,  capital 
$51,500  ;  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  3  distilleries, 
2  printing  offices,  1  weekly  newspaper,  4  flouring 
m.,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $74,537. 
1  acad.  50  students,  9  sch.  597  scholars.  Pop. 
2,987. 

East  Dorset,  p-o.,  Dorset  t.,  Bennington  co., 
Vt.,  88  s.  s.  w.  Montpelier,  435  W. 

East  Douglass,  p-o.,  Douglass  t,  Worcester 
co.,  Mass.,  41  s.  w.  Boston,  398  W. 

East  Dover,  p-o.,  Dover  t.,  Piscataquis  co., 
Me.,  86  n.  n.  e.  Augusta,  683  W. 

East  Dover,  p-o.,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  76  s. 
w.  Detroit,  510  W. 

East  Durham,  p-v.,  Durham  t.,  Greene  co., 
N.  Y.,  40  s.  by  w.  Albany,  553  W. 

East  Elliott,  p-v.,  Elliott  t.,  York  co.,  Me., 
102  s.  by  w.  Augusta,  502  W. 

East  Euclid,  p-o.,  Euclid  t.,  Cuyahoga  co., 
O.,  158  n.  e.  Columbus,  364  W. 

East  Evans,  p-o.,  Evans  t.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y., 
307  w.  Albany,  372  W. 


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187 


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East  Eddington,  p-o.,  Eddington  t.,  Penob- 
scot  co.,  Me.,  79  n.  e.  Augusta,  774  W. 

East  Fairfield,  p-o.,  Fairfield  t.,  Franklin 
oo.,  Vt.,  52  N.  n.  w.  Montpelier,  548  W. 

East  Fairfield,  p-v.,  Fairfield  t., Columbiana 
CO.,  O.,  15S  e.  n.  e.  Columbus,  276  W. 

East  Falmouth,  p-v.,  Falmouth  t.,  Barnsta- 
ble co.,  Mass.,  84  s.  by  e.  Boston,  470  W.  It 
contains  a  Congregational  church  and  a  few 
dwellings. 

East  Fallowfield,  t.,  Chester  county,  Pa. 
Drained  by  w.  branch  of  Brandy  wine  cr.  It  has 
5  stores,  cap.  $11,200  ;  1  lumberyard,  cap.  $300 ; 
1  tannery,  4  paper  fac,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $60,430.  6  sch.  252  scholars.  Pop. 
1,170. 

East  Farmington,  p-v.,  Farmington  t.,  Oak- 
land co.,  Mich.,  24  n.  w.  Detroit,  546  W. 

East  Florence,  p-o.,  Florence  t.,  Oneida  co., 
N.  Y.,  125  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  411  W. 

East  Feliciana,  parish,  La.  Situated  in  the 
N.  part  of  the  e.  projection  of  the  state,  and  con- 
tains 560  sq.  ras.  Watered  by  Amite  river,  and 
Thompson's  and  Comite  creeks,  on  which  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Capital,  Clinton.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  11,399,  sheep  6,505,  swine  24,520; 
Ind.  corn  290,540  bush,  produced,  oats  14,695, 
potatoes  135,765,  cotton  8,442,000  pounds;  30 
stores,  cap.  182,500 ;  3  tanneries,  7  saw  mills,  3 
printing  offices,  3  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $91,850.  1  college,  36  students,  4  acad. 
275  students,  27  sch.  631  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
3,992,  slaves  7,871,  free  col'd  30;  total,  11,893. 

East  Findlay,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.  It  has 
1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $300.  7 
sch.  210  scholars.    Pop.  1,147. 

Eastford,  p-v.,  Ashford  t.,  Windham  co.,  Ct., 
35  e.  Hartford,  371  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side 
of  Natchaug  r.  It  contains  3  churches — 1  Baptist, 
1  Congregational,  1  Methodist — several  manu- 
factories, stores,  and  dwellings. 

East  Foxborough,  p-v.,  Foxborough  t.,  Nor- 
folk co.,  Mass.,  25  s.  by  w.  Boston,  417  W. 

East  FrXnklin,  p-o.,  Franklin  t.,  Delaware 
co.,  N.  Y.,  85  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  346  W. 

East  Freedom,  p-o.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa. 

East  Genoa,  p-o.,  Genoa  t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N. 
Y.,  164  w.  Albany,  316  W. 

East  Glenville,  p-o.,  Glenville  t.,  Schenec- 
tady co.,  N.  Y.,  20  n.  w.  Albany,  388  W. 

East  Goshen,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa ,  18  w.  Phil- 
adelphia. The  surface  is  generally  level ;  soil, 
a  fertile  sandy  loam,  well  cultivated.  Watered 
by  Ridley  and  Chester  creeks.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $6,300  ;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $200 ;  1  wool- 
len fac,  2  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $10,100.  1  sch.  30  scholars.  Pop. 
740. 

East  Granby,  p-v.,  Granby  t.,  Hartford  co., 
Ct.,  15  n.  by  w.  Hartford,  351  W. 

East  Granville,  p-v.,  Granville  t.,  Hampden 
co.,  Mass.,  110  w.  by  s.  Boston,  362  W. 

East  Greene,  p-o.,  Greene  t.,  Chenango  co., 
N.  Y.,  118  w.  Albany,  318  W. 

East  Greenbush,  p-v.,  Greenbush  t.,  Rensse- 
laer co.,  N.  Y.  It  contains  1  church,  an  acade- 
my, 1  store,  and  about  15  dwellings. 

East  Greenville,  p-v.,  Tuscarawas  t.,  Stark 
co.,  O.,  110  n.  e.  Columbus,  327  W. 

East  Greenwich,  p-t.,  capital  of  Kent  co.,  R. 
I.,  14  s.  Providence,  397  W.  The  v.  contains  a 
court  house,  3  churches — 1  Episcopal,  1  Friends, 
1  Methodist — an  academy,  several  stores  and 
dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.,  13  stores,  capital 
$5,610 ;  8  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  3  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,500.  1  acad.  64 
students,  4  sch.  74  scholars.    Pop.  1,509. 


East  <;iu:enwich,  p-o.,  Greenwich  t.,  Wash- 
ington co.,  N.  Y. 

East  Grovki.and,  rw>.,  (Jrovehmd  t., Livings- 
ion  co.,  N.  Y,  eil  u.  Mbany,  996  W. 

East  Guilford,  p-v.,  Guilford  t.,  Chenango 
co.,  N.  Y.,  104  w.  Albany,  326  W.  It  contains 
1  store,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  in.,  1  plaster  m.,  1  cloth- 
iers' works,  and  about  15  dwellings. 

East  Haddam,  p-t.,  Middlesex  <•<•.,  <'t.,  30s.  8. 
e.  Hartford,  313  W.  Organized  in  1734.  The 
surface  is  uneven  and  rocky  ;  soil,  fertile,  adapt- 
ed to  grazing.  The  village  called  East  Haddam 
Landing,  is  on  the  e.  bank  of  Connecticut  r.,  a 
little  below  the  mouth  of  Salmon  r.,  and  contains 
an  Episcopal  church,  a  bank,  4  stores,  and  about 
30  dwellings.  Another  village  at  the  head  of 
boat  navigation  on  Salmon  r.,  4  ms.  n.,  contains 

3  stores,  1  saw  m.,  1  cotton  fac,  and  about  20 
dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.,  12  stores,  cap. 
$46,000 ;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $12,000  ;  3  fulling 
m.,  7  cotton  fac.  6,546  sp.,  16  sch.  743  scholars. 
Pop.  2,620. 

Eastham,  p-t.,  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  97  s.  E. 
Boston,  498  W.  Situated  on  a  narrow  part  of 
Cape  Cod,  about  half  way  between  the  elbow 
ana  the  cape.  Incorporated  in  1646.  The  soil  is 
sandy  and  sterile,  and  the  inhabitants  are  chiefly 
employed  in  the  fisheries.  The  town  contains  a 
Congregational  and  a  Methodist  church  ;  4  stores, 
cap.  $2,050 ;  18,750  bush,  salt  produced  ;  2  grist 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,140.  6  sch.  458  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  955. 

East  Hamburg,  p-o.,  Hamburg  t,  Erie  co., 
N.  Y.,  284  w.  Albany,  369  W. 

East  Hamilton,  p-o.,  Hamilton  t.,  Madison 
co.,  N.  Y.,  92  w.  by  n.  Albany,  358  W. 

East  Hampton,  p-t.,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass., 
98  w.  Boston,  376  W.  Incorporated  in  1809. 
Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Connecticut  r.  The 
Hampshire  and  Haraden  canal  passes  through  it. 
It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $3,700 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m., 

4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,550.  6  sch.  148 
scholars.     Pop.  717. 

East  Hampton,  p-v.,  Chatham  t.,  Middlesex 
co.,  Ct.  Situated  on  Pine  brook,  the  outlet  of 
Pocotopogue  pond.  It  contains  a  Congregational 
church. 

East  Hampton,  p-t.,  Suffolk  co.,  N.  Y.,  267 
s.  e.  by  s.  Albany,  114  e.  New  York,  347  W. 
Situated  on  the  e.  end  of  Long  Island,  and  con- 
tains Montauk  Point,  Gardner's,  and  some  small- 
er islands.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  a  fertile 
sandy  alluvion.  Toward  Montauk  Point  the  sur- 
face is  very  uneven.  The  light-house  on  the 
Point  cost  $23,000,  is  140  feet  high  above  the  level 
of  the  ocean,  and  the  light  can  be  seen  30  ms.  at 
sea.  The  remnant  of  the  Montauk  Indians  reside 
here,  on  a  conditional  reservation  of  1,000  acres. 
The  v.  of  East  Hampton  lies  on  a  single  street, 
and  contains  one  Presbyterian  church,  Clinton 
academy,  2  windmills,  several  stores,  100  dwell- 
ings, and  about  600  inhabitants.  There  are  in 
the  t.,  11  stores,  cap.  $12,490;  2  lumber  yards, 
cap.  $15,000  ;  2  tanneries,  5  grist  m.  Capital  in 
manufac.  $14,750.  1  acad.  80  students,  11  sch. 
469  scholars.    Pop.  2,076. 

East  Hanover,  p-t.,  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.,  21  E. 
Harrisburg,  131  W.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $14,000 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  distille- 
ry, 1  paper  fac,  5  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $13,087.  3  sch.  157  scholars.  Pop. 
2,461.  _    . 

East  Harrington,  p-o.,  Harrington  t  Wash 
ington  co.,  Me.,  131  e.  by  n.  Augusta,  714  W. 

East  Hartford,  p-t.,  Hartford  co.,  Ct.,  1  e. 
Hartford,  337  W.  It  was  incorporated  ^in  1784, 
and  is  situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Connecticut  r. 


EAS 


188 


EAS 


opposite  to  Hartford,  with  which  it  is  connected 
hv  a  hridire.  The  land  on  the  r.  is  exceedingly 
fertile  ;  rick  of  this  it  rises  15  or  20  feet  to  an  ex- 
tended  plain.  A  causeway,  a  mile  long,  extends 
across  the  meadows  to  the  bridge.  Ihe  v.  is 
pleasantly  situated  on  the  plain,  mostly  on  an 
extended  and  broad  street,  beautifully  shaded  with 
a  row  of  lofty  elms  in  the  middle  of  the  street, 
and  other  trees  on  its  sides.  The  t.  is  watered 
by  Hockanum  r.,  which  flows  into  the  Connec- 
ticut, and  affords  extensive  water  power.  It  con- 
tains 4  churches— 2  Congregational,  1  Baptist,  and 
1  Methodist ;  10  stores,  cap.  $7,620 ;  1  tannery,  1 
powder  m.,  5  paper  fac,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  mills. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,500.  1  acad.  53  students, 
8  sch.  507  scholars.     Pop.  2,389. 

East  Harwich,  p-v.,  Harwich  t.,  Barnstable 
co.,  Mass.,  100  s.  by  E.  Boston,  501  W.  It  con- 
tains a  Methodist  church  and  several  dwellings. 

East  Haven,  p-t.,  New  Haven  co.,  Ct.,  39  s. 
by  w.  Hartford,  303  W.  Incorporated  in  1785. 
Quinnipiack  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border.  The  sur- 
face is  level ;  soil,  light  and  sandy,  or  sandy  loam. 
To  the  E.  the  surface  is  hilly ;  and  the  soil,  a 

S-avelly  loam.  The  v.  contains  3  churches— 1 
ongregational,  1  Episcopal.  A  light-house  stands 
at  the  E.  point  of  New  Haven  harbor.  There  are 
in  the  t.,  15  stores,  cap.  $61,100 ;  1  lumber  yard, 
cap.  $10,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  grist  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $3,100.  1  acad.  36  students,  7  sch.  375 
scholars.    Pop.  1,382. 

East  Haven,  t.,  Essex  co.,  Vt.  First  settled 
in  1790.  Pasumsic  r.  passes  through  its  w.  cor- 
ner. Watered  by  Paul's  stream  on  the  E.  The 
surface  is  uneven  and  mountainous,  chiefly  adapt- 
ed to  grazing.  It  has  1  sch.  20  scholars.  Pop. 
79. 

East  Haverhill,  p-v.,  Haverhill  t.,  Essex 
co.,  Ms.,  38  n.  Boston,  468  W. 

East  Hebron,  p-o.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  36  w. 
Augusta,  587  W. 

East  Hempfield,  p-t.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  38 
E.  s.  E.  Harrisburg,  118  W.  The  surface  is 
partly  level.  Watered  by  Little  Conestoga  cr. 
on  the  e.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $23,000 ;  1  fulling 
m.,  7  distilleries,  2  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $13,950.  8  sch.  494  scholars.  Pop. 
1,657. 

East  Huntingdon,  t.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa. 
Drained  by  branches  of  Jacob's  creek.     It  has 

11  stores,  cap.  $27,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries, 

12  distilleries,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  news- 
paper, 5  flouring  m.,  7  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $4,750.  5  sch.  140  scholars.  Pop. 
1,774. 

East  Herrick,  p-o.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  154  n. 
Harrisburg,  264  W. 

East  Highgate,  p-o.,  Highgate  t.,  Franklin 
co.,  Vt.,  71  n.  n.  w.  Montpelier,  545  W. 

East  Hill,  p-o.,  Nunda  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N. 
Y.,  248  w.  by.  s.  Albany,  339  W. 

East  Homer,  p-o.,  Homer  t.,  Cortland  co.,  N. 
Y.,  136  w.  Albany,  322  W. 

East  Java,  p-o.,  Java  t.,  Genesee  co.,  N.  Y., 
263  w.  Albany,  356  W. 

East  Kill,  p-o.,  Hunter  t.,  Greene  co.,  N.  Y., 
57  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  364  W. 

East  Killingly,  p-v.,  Killingly  t.,  Windham 
co.,  Ct.,  49  e.  Hartford,  380  W. 

East  Kingston,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H., 
36  s.  E.  Concord,  474  W.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Watered  by  Powow  r.  Incorporated  in  1738. 
It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $3,500  ;  1  fulling  m.,  4  tan- 
neries, 2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  4  sch.  134  scholars. 
Pop.  551. 

East  Knox,  p-o.,  Knox  t.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  38 
E.  N.  E.  Augusta,  633  W. 


East  Kov  p-o.,  Pike  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y., 
260  w.  by  s.  Albany,  355  W 

East  Koy,  cr.,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Genesee  co., 
and  in  Alleghany  co.  unites  with  West  Koy  cr., 
whence  it  flows  E.  into  Genesee  r.  It  affords 
good  water  power. 

East  Landing,  p-o.,  Tompkins  co.,  N.  Y.,  172 
w.  Albany,  308  W. 

East  Laporte,  p-o.,  Haywood  co.,  N.  C,  317 
w.  Raleigh,  547  W. 

East  Lebanon,  p-v.,  Lebanon  t.,  Grafton  co., 
N.  H.,  49  N.  w.  Concord,  488  W. 

East  Lebanon,  p-v.,  Wayne  co.,  O.,  108  n.  e, 
Columbus,  329  W.  It  has  1  store,  about  12 
dwellings,  and  70  inhabitants. 

East  Leeds,  p-o.,  Leeds  t.,  Kennebec  co., 
Me.,  20  w.  Augusta,  588  W. 

East  Lexington,  p-o.,  Middlesex  co.,  Ms.,  8 
N.  w.  Boston,  448  W. 

East  Lexington,  p-o.,  Lexington  t,  Greene 
co.,  N.  Y.,  52  s.  by  w.  Albany,  362  W. 

East  Liberty,  p-v.,  Dunbar  t.,  Fayette  co., 
Pa.,  184  w.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  209  W.  Situated 
on  the  s.  bank  of  Youghiogheny  r. 

East  Liberty,  v.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  5  e. 
Pittsburg.  Pleasantly  situated  on  the  Greens- 
burg  and  Philadelphia  turnpike,  and  contains  3 
churches,  several  stores,  various  mechanics,  and 
about  150  dwellings.    Pop.  393. 

East  Liberty,  p-v.,  Perry  t.,  Logan  co.,  O., 
59  n.  w.  Columbus,  449  W. 

East  Limington,  p-o.,  York  co.,  Me.,  68  s.  w. 
Augusta,  543.  W. 

East  Line,  p-o.,  Ballston  t.,  Saratoga  co.,  N. 
Y. 

East  Livermore,  p-o.,  Livermore  t.,  Oxford 
co.,  Me.,  22  w.  by  n.  Augusta,  602  W. 

East  Liverpool,  p-v.,  St.  Clair  t.,  Columbi- 
ana co.,  O.,  156  s.  s.  E.  Columbus,  26S  W.  Situ- 
ated on  the  Ohio  r.,  4  ms.  below  the  line  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  contains  4  stores,  3  commis- 
sion warehouses,  1  steam  saw  m.,  1  steam 
grist  m.  It  contains  a  number  of  splendid  brick 
buildings.  It  is  the  principal  deposit  of  flour 
from  the  numerous  flouring  m.  on  the  Little 
Beaver  r.  The  land  rises  from  the  r.,  affording 
commanding  situations,  in  its  elevated  parts. 

East  Long  Meadow,  p-v.,  Long  Meadow  t., 
Hampden  co.,  Ms.,  90  w.  s.  w.  Boston,  366  W. 
It  contains  1  Congregational  church,  and  several 
dwellings. 

East  Lyman,  p-o.,  Lyman  t.,  Grafton  co.,  N. 
H.,  93  N.  n.  w.  Concord,  533  W. 

East  Lyme,  p-v.,  Lyme  t.,  New  London  co., 
Ct.,  51  s.  s.  E.  Hartford,  346  W.  It  contains  2 
churches— 1  Baptist,  1  Congregational— 1  cotton 
fac,  and  several  dwellings. 

East    Macdonough,    p-o..    Macdonough    t., 
Chenango  co.,  N.  Y.,  114  w.  Albany,  333  W. 
East  Machias.    (See  Mechisses,  Me.) 
East  Madison,  p-o.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  42  n. 
Augusta,  437  W. 

East  Marshfield,  p-o.,  Marshfield  t.,  Ply- 
mouth co.,  Ms. 

East  Marlborough,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  28 
s.  w.  Philadelphia.  The  surface  has  a  gentle 
declivity ;  soil,  sandy  loam.  Watered  by  Po- 
copsen  cr.,  a  branch  of  Brandywine  cr.,  and 
Redclay  cr.  It  contains  the  v.  of  Unionville. 
It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $19,000 ;  2  tanneries,  3  grist 
m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,350.  1  acad. 
25  students,  4  sch.  230  scholars.     Pop.  1,379. 

East  Medway,  p-v.,  Medway  t.,  Norfolk  co., 
Ms.,  24  s.  w.  Boston,  422  W. 

East  Middleborough,  p-v.,  Plymouth  co. 
Ms.,  44  s.  by  e.  Boston,  436  W.  It  contains  a 
Congregational  church,  and  several  dwellings. 


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189 


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East  Middlkbury,  p-o.,  Middlebury  U,  Ad- 
dison co.,  Vt.,  54  s.  w.  Montpelier,  486  W. 

East  Minot,  p-o.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  3G  s. 
W.  Augusta,  580  W. 

East  Monmouth,  p-o.,  3Ionmouth  t.,  Kenne- 
bec co.,  Me.,  20  s.  w.  Augusta,  596  W. 

East  Montpelier,  p-o.,  Montpelier  t.,  Wash- 
ington co.,  Vt.,  6  e.  Montpelier,  522  W. 

East  Monroe,  p-v.,  Fairfield  t.,  Highland  co., 
O.,  78  s.  w.  Columbus,  433  W. 

East  Moultonboro,  Moultonboro  t.,  Carroll 
co.,  N.  H.,  49  N.  by  e.  Concord,  530  W. 

East  Mount  Vernon,  Mount  Vernon  t.,  Ken- 
nebec co.,  Me.,  12  n.  w.  Augusta,  607  W. 

East  Nantmeal,  p-t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  33  n. 
w.  Philadelphia,  65  e.  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  143  W. 
The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  gravelly.  W  atered  by 
North  and  South  branches  of  French  cr.  and 
their  tributaries.  It  contains  2  churches  and  2 
forges.  Iron  ore  is  found.  There  are  in  the  t., 
7  stores,  cap.  $22,500  ;  1  furnace,  1  fulling  m.,  2 
tanneries,  1  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  7  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,427.  8  sch.  600  scholars. 
Pop.  2,171. 

East  Nelson,  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,  111.,  81  s.  e. 
Springfield,  745  W. 

East  New  Market,  p-v.,  Dorchester  co.,  Md., 
73  s.  e.  Annapolis,  113  W. 

East  Newport,  p-o.,  Newport  t.,  Penobscot 
co.,  Me. 

East  New  Portland,  p-o.,  New  Portland  t., 
Somerset  co.,  Me.,  52  n.  by  w.  Augusta,  646  W. 

East  New  Sharon,  p-o.,  New  Sharon  t., 
Franklin  co.,  Me.,  24  n.  n.  w.  Augusta,  617  W. 

East  New  York,  p-v.,  Flatbush  t.,  Kings  co., 
N.  Y.,  5i  e.  Brooklyn,  152  s.  Albany,  6  e.  New 
York,  202  W.  It  contains  2  Dutch  Reformed 
churches,  3  stores,  1  clock  fac.  propelled  by 
steam,  1  suspender  and  boot  web  fac,  and  is 
designed  for  a  large  manufacturing  village. 

East  Northport,  p-o.,  Northport  t.,  Waldo 
Co.,  Me.,  46  e.  Augusta,  640  W. 

East  Northwood,  p-o.,  Northwood  t.,  Rock- 
ingham co.,  N.  H.,  22  e.  Concord,  492  W. 

East  Nottingham,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  40  s. 
w.  Philadelphia.  The  surface  is  gently  uneven  ; 
soil,  sandy  loam.  Elk  cr.  runs  on  its  E.  boundary. 
Watered  by  Little  Elk  cr.  It  has  the  v.  of  Ox- 
ford on  its  n.  boundary.  It  has  7  stores,  cap. 
$12,600;  1  tannery,  1  pottery,  7  paper  fac,  5 
grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,737.  1 
acad.  37  students,  5  sch.  185  scholars.  Pop.  2,048. 

Easton,  p-t.,  Bristol  co.,  Ms.,  24  s.  Boston,  429 
W.  Watered  by  2  branches  of  Taunton  r., 
which  afford  water  power.  It  has  10  stores,  cap. 
$10,100;  5  cotton  fac.  1,996  sp.,  2  furnaces,  3 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $57,500. 
20  sch.  572  scholars.    Pop.  2,074. 

Easton,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  N.  Y.,  27  n.  n. 
e.  Albany,  397  W.  Surface  is  moderately 
uneven;  soil,  sandy  and  clay  loam.  Drained 
by  Battenkill,  which  bounds  it  on  the  w.  The 
v.  contains  3  churches — 1  Dutch  Reformed,  1 
Methodist,  and  1  Friends — 3  stores,  50  dwellings, 
and  about  300  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t., 
4  stores,  cap.  $9,500  ;  1  cotton  fac  1,692  sp.,  1 
tannery,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$34,000.     9  sch.  150  scholars.     Pop.  2,988. 

Easton,  p-b.,  and  capital  of  Northampton  co., 
Pa.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Delaware  r.,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Lehigh,  58  n.  Philadelphia, 
106  e.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  199  W.  Pop.  1820, 
2,370 ;  1830,  3,529  ;  1840,  4,865.    It  is  built  on  a 

Eoint  of  land  formed  by  the  Delaware  and  Le- 
igh rivers,  and  Bushkill  cr.  The  streets  are 
laid  out  along  the  cardinal  points,  crossing  each 
other  at  right  angles,  with  a  square  in  the  centre, 


on  winch  stands  the  court  house,  erected  in  1758. 
The  part  of  the  village  on  the  Delaware  is  level, 
but  considerably  elevated  above  the  r.,  and  the 
ground  rises  gradually  from  the  r.  toward  lit.'  w . 
to  a  considerable  height  It  lias  2  hanks,  5 
churches,  1  Episcopal,  2  German  Lutheran,  and 

1  Presbyterian.  Lafayette  College  is  located 
here,  with  which  manual  labor  is  connected.  It 
has  a  president,  8  profeeeon  and  tutors,  51  stu- 
dents, and  1,350  volumes  in  its  libraries.  The 
commencement  is  on  the  last  Tuesday  in  Sep- 
tember. There  is  a  fine  bridge  over  the  Dela- 
ware, 570  feet  long,  which  cost  $80,000 ;  a  chain 
bridge  over  the  Lehigh ;  and  2  bridges  over  the 
Bushkill.  The  Delaware,  Morris,  and  Lehigh 
canals  form  a  junction  at  this  place.  There 
were  in  1840,  70  stores,  cap.  $272,650;  3  lumber 
yards,  cap.  $15,000;  1  woollen  fac,  cap.  $20,000  ; 
3  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  2  breweries,  2  rope  fac, 
7  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.,  3  printing  offices, 

2  binderies,  4  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $177,295.  5  acad.  290  students,  8  sch. 
441  scholars. 

Easton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  45  s. 
E.  Annapolis,  85  W.  Situated  on  Tread  Haven 
cr.,  near  the  head  of  a  large  estuary,  13  ms.  from 
its  entrance  into  Chesapeake  bay.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  a  market  house,  3  churches,  1  Epis- 
copal, 1  Baptist  and  1  Friends.  It  has  considera- 
ble trade. 

East  Orleans,  p-v.,  Orleans  t.,  Barnstable 
co.,  Ms.,  98  s.  e.  Boston,  499  W. 

East  Orrington,  p-o.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  74 
n.  e.  Augusta,  670  W. 

East  Otis,  p-v.,  Otis  t,  Berkshire  co.,  Ms., 
116  w.  by  s.  Boston,  371  W.  It  contains  a  Me- 
thodist church. 

East  Otto,  p-o.,  Otto  t.,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N. 
Y.,  298  w.  by  s.  Albany,  348  W. 

East  Oxford,  p-o.,  Oxford  t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me., 
50  s.  w.  Augusta,  582  W. 

East  Painted  Post,  p-o.,  Painted  Post  t., 
Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  207  w.  by  s.  Albany,  238  W. 

East  Palestine,  p-v.,  Columbiana  co.,  O., 
167  E.  n.  E.  Columbus,  274  W.  It  contains  2 
stores,  various  mechanic  shops,  about  20  dwell- 
ings, and  150  inhabitants.  The  union  of  2  small 
streams  affords  water  power.  Stone  coal  and 
iron  ore  are  found  in  the  vicinity. 

East  Palmyra,  p-o.,  Palmyra  t.,  Wayne  co., 
N.  Y.,  190  w.  by  n.  Albany,  361  W. 

East  Parsonfield,  p-o.,  Parsonfield  t.,  York 
co.,  Me.,  80  s.  w.  Augusta,  539  W. 

East  Pembroke,  p-o.,  Pembroke  t.,  Genesee 
co.,  N.  Y.,  256  w.  Albany,  381  W. 

East  Penn,  p-t.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  91  n. 
e.  Harrisburg.  The  surface  is  mountainous; 
soil,  gravel  and  red  shale.  Watered  by  Mahon- 
ing cr.  and  Lizard  cr.,  which  flow  into  the  Le- 
high r.,  and  afford  water  power.  The  Lehigh 
Water  Gap,  through  Blue  mountain,  is  in  the  s. 
part  of  the  t.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $10,000 ;  1 
furnace,  1  forge,  1  tannery,  2  powder  m.,  3  grist 
m.,  10  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac.  $44,000.  4 
sch.  180  scholars.    Pop.  1,535. 

East  Pharsalia,  p-o.,  Pharsalia  t.,  Chenan- 
go co.,  N.  Y.,  123  w.  Albany,  340  W. 

East  Pensboro',  t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  10 
N.  E.  Carlisle.  Susquehanna  river  runs  on  its  e. 
boundary.  Watered  by  Conedogwinit  cr.  and 
branches,  which  flow  into  the  Susquehanna,  and 
afford  water  power.  Blue  mountain  bounds  it  N. 
It  contains  the  villages  Fairview  and  Wormleys- 
burg  on  the  Susquehanna,  the  latter  opposite  to 
Harrisburg.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $6,200  ;  5  lum- 
ber yards,  cap.  $17,250;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  1  tannery,  3  distilleries,  3  grist  m.,  1  saw 


EAS 


190 


EAS 


m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  110,507.  4  sch.  159  schol- 
ars    Pop.  2,391. 

East  Pikeland,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  24  n.  w. 
Philadelphia.  Watered  by  Stony,  French,  and 
Pickering  creeks,  branches  of  the  Schuylkill, 
which  afford  water  power.  It  contains  2  churches, 
and  the  villages  of  Kimberton  and  Yellow 
Springs.  It  has  1  acad.  59  students,  3  sch.  195 
scholars.     Pop.  717. 

East  Pike,  p-o.,  Pike  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y., 
253  w.  by  s.  Albany,  354  W. 

East  Pierpont,  p-v.,  Pierpont  t.,  St.  Law- 
rence co.,  N.  Y.,  208  N.  N.  e.  Albany,  492  W.  It 
contains  1  grist  ra.,  1  saw  m.,  1  clothier's  works, 
1  machine  shop,  and  about  20  dwellings. 

East  Pittsfield,  p-o.,  Pittsfield  t.,  Somerset 
co.,  Me. 

East  Pittston,  p-o.,  Pittston  t.,  Kennebec  co., 
Me.,  13  s.  by  e.  Augusta,  601  W. 

East  Plainfield,  p-v.,  Plainfield  t.,  Sullivan 
co.,  N.  H.,  55  n.  w.  Concord,  480  W. 

East  Poland,  p-o.,  Poland  t.,  Cumberland  co., 
Me.,  43  s.  w.  Augusta,  573  W. 

Eastport,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  183  w. 
N.  w.  Augusta,  769  W.  It  is  constituted  of  Moose 
island,  4  ms  long,  and  several  smaller  islands,  in 
Passamaquoddy  bay.  A  bridge  on  the  n.  w.  con- 
nects it  with  Perry,  and  a  ferry  of  3  miles  with 
Lubec,  s.  by  s.  It  has  an  excellent  harbor.  The 
v.  contains  5  churches,  40  stores,  a  United  States 
garrison,  and  about  2,000  inhabitants,  who  are 
chiefly  engaged  in  the  lumber  trade  and  the  fish- 
eries. There  are  in  the  t.  49  stores,  capital 
$186,250 ;  1  tannery.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,900. 
1  acad.  30  students,  11  sch.  560  scholars.  Pop. 
2,876. 

Eastport,  p-v.,  Mill  t.,  Tuscarawas  co.,  O., 
113  e.  n.  e.  Columbus,  307  W. 

Eastport,  p-v.,  Tishamingo  co.,  Miss.,  256  n. 
n.  E.  Jackson,  853  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Tennessee  r ,  at  the  mouth  of  Bear  cr. 

East  Portage,  t.,  Jackson  co.,  Mich.    It  has 

1  store,  cap.  $600 ;  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$4,600.    1  sch.  30  scholars.    Pop.  532. 

East  Poultnev,p-o.,  Poultney  t.,  Rutland  co., 
Vt,  83  s.  s.  w.  Montpelier,  441  W.    It  contains 

2  churches,  3  stores,  a  female  academy,  a  print- 
ing office,  various  mechanic  shops,  and  about  50 
dwellings. 

East  Raisinville,  p-o.,  Raisinville  t,  Mon- 
roe co.,  Mich.,  44  s.  w.  Detroit,  493  W. 

East  Randolph,  p-o.,  Randolph  t.,  Orange 
co.,  Vt.,  28  s.  Montpelier,  498  W.  Situated  on 
the  second  branch  of  White  r.,  which  affords 
water  power. 

East  Randolph,  p-o.,  Randolph  t.,  Norfolk 
co.,  Mass.,  14  s.  Boston. 

East  Raymond,  p-o.,  Raymond  t.,  Cumber- 
land co.,  Me.,  62  s.  w.  Augusta,  565  W. 

East  Readfield,  p-o.,  Readfield  t,  Kennebec 
co.,  Me.,  8  w.  Augusta,  602  W. 

East  River,  N.  Y.,  is  a  strait  connecting  Long 
Island  with  the  harbor  of  New  York,  and,  through 
the  Narrows,  with  the  Atlantic.  It  contains  seve- 
ral islands,  and  the  pass  called  "Hell  Gate" 
between  Great  Barn  island  and  Long  Island,  7 
N.  E.  of  New  York.  There  is  little  propriety  in 
denominating  it  a  river. 

East  Rochester,  p-o.,  Columbiana  co.,  O 
144  e.  n.  e.  Columbus,  296  W. 

East  Rodman,  p-o.,  Rodman  t.,  Jefferson  co 
N.  Y.,  158  n.  w.  Albany,  414  W. 

East  Rockhill,  t,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  33  n.  n.  w. 
Philadelphia.  The  surface  is  hilly :  soil,  gravellv 
Pop.  551  y 

East  Roxbury,  p-o.,  Roxbury  t.,  Washington 
co.,  Vt.,  15  s.  Montpelier,  502  W. 


East  Rumford,  p-o.,  Rumford  t.,  Oxford  co., 
Me.,  45  w.  n.  w.  Augusta,  617  W. 

East  Rupert,  p-o.,  Rupert  t.,  Bennington  co., 
Vt,  93  s.  s.  w.  Montpelier,  437  W. 

East  St.  Albans,  p-o.,  St.  Albans  tn  Somerset 
co.,  Me.,  57  n.  n.  E.  Augusta,  652  W. 

East  Salem,  p-o.,  Salem  t.,  Washington  co., 
N.  Y.,  47  n.  e.  Albany,  417  W. 

East  Salisbury,  p-v.,  Salisbury  t.,  Essex  co., 
Mass.,  40  n.  n.  E.  Boston,  480  W. 

East  Sanbornton,  p-v.,  Sanbornton  t.,  Bel- 
knap co.,  N.  H.,  21  n.  Concord,  502  W. 

East  Sandlake,  p-o.,  Sand  Lake  t.,  Rensse- 
laer co.,  N.  Y.,  19  e.  Albany,  389  W. 

East  Sandwich,  p-v.,  Sandwich  t.,  Barnsta- 
ble co.,  Mass.,  64  s.  s.  e.  Boston,  465  W. 

East  Sangerville,  p-o.,  Sangerville  t.,  Pis- 
catiquis  co.,  Me.,  81  n.  n.  e.  Augusta,  676  W. 

East  Schuyler,  p-o.,  Schuyler  t.,  Herkimer 
co.,  N.  Y.,  84  n.  n.  w.  Albany,  396  W. 

East  Sheffield,  p-o.,  Sheffield  t.,  Berkshire 
co.,  Mass.,  144  w.  s.  w.  Boston,  346  W. 

East  Sheldon,  p-o.,  Sheldon  t.,  Franklin  co., 
Vt.,  63  n.  n.  w.  Montpelier,  551  W. 

East  Smithfield,  p-o.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  151 
N.  Harrisburg,  261  W. 

East  Solon,  p-o.,  Solon  t.,  Cortland  co.,  N. 
Y.,  131  w.  Albany,  330  W. 

East  Springfield,  p-o.,  Springfield  t.,  Otsego 
co.,  N.  Y.,  59  w.  Albany,  377  W. 

East  Standish,  p-o.,  Standisht.,  Cumberland 
co.,  Me.,  58  s.  w.  Augusta,  542  W. 

East  Sterling,  p-o.,  Sterling  t.,  Wayne  co., 
Pa.,  147  n.  E.  Harrisburg,  241  W. 

East  Stoughton,  p-o.,  Stoughton  t.,  Norfolk 
co.,  Mass.,  19  s.  Boston,  441  W. 

East  Sugar  Loaf,  p-o.,  Sugar  Loaf  t.,  Lu- 
zerne co.,  Pa.,  112  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  220  W. 

East  Sumner,  p-o.,  Sumner  t.,  Oxford  co., 
Me.,  37  w.  Augusta,  603  W. 

East  S wanton,  p-o.,  Swanton  t.,  Franklin  co., 
Vt.,  67  n.  N.  w.  Montpelier,  541  W. 

East  Thomaston,  p-v.,  Thomaston  t.,  Lincoln 
co.,  Me.,  46  s.  e.  Augusta,  623  W. 

Eastown,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  16  w.  n.  w. 
Philadelphia.  The  surface  is  gently  uneven  ; 
soil,  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Darby  cr.  It  has 
3  stores,  cap.  $4,500 ;  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $1,100.  3  sch.  164  scholars.  Pop. 
673. 

East  Townsend,  p-o.,  Townsend  t.,  Huron 
co.,  O.,  106  n.  Columbus,  389  W.  Situated  a  few 
miles  e.  of  Norwalk. 

East  Trenton,  p-o.,  Trenton  t,  Hancock  co., 
Me.,  98  e.  Augusta,  680  W. 

East  Troy,  p-v.,  Walworth  co.,  Wis.,  79  s.  E. 
Madison,  810  W. 

East  Turner,  p-o.,  Turner  t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me., 
26  w.  s.  w.  Augusta,  587  W. 

East  Union,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  O.,  101  n.  e. 
Columbus,  336  W.  Situated  a  few  miles  e.  of 
Wooster.    Pop.  1,864. 

East  Unity,  p-v.,  Unity  t.,  Sullivan  co.,  N., 
H.,  44  w.  Concord,  476  W. 

East  Vassalborough,  p-o.,  Vassalboro'  t, 
Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  15  n.  e.  Augusta,  610  W. 

East  View,  p-o.,  Bledsoe  co.,  Tenn.,  108  e.  s. 
e.  Nashville,  593  W. 

East  Virgil,  p-o.,  Virgil  t.,  Cortland  co.,  N. 
Y,  155  w.Albany,  314  W. 

East  Vincent,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.  It  has  6 
stores,  cap.  $11,700 ;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $3,000 ; 
1  paper  fac,  4  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $6,305.    6  sch.  210  scholars.    Pop.  1,194. 

Eastville,  p-v.,  capital,  Northampton  co.,Va., 
151  e.  Richmond,  238  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side 
of  King's  cr.,  a  small  stream  which  enters,  by  a 


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191 


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considerable  estuary,  into  Chesapeake  bay.    It 
contains  a  court  house. 

Eastville,  p-v.,  Randolph  co.,  Ala.,  170  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  741  W. 

East  Wareham,  p-v.,  Wareham  t.,  Plymouth 
co.,  Mass.,  56  s.  Boston,  449  W. 

East  Washington,  p-v.,  Washington  t.,  Sul- 
livan co.,  N.  H. 

East  Waterford,  p-v.,  Lack  t.,  Juniata  co., 
Pa.,  54  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  130  W.  Situated  on 
Tuscarora  cr. 

East  Weare,  p-v.,  Weare  t.,  Hillsboro'  co., 
N.  H.,  10  s.  w.  Concord,  479  W. 

East  Weymouth,  p-v.,  Weymouth  t.,  Norfolk 
co.,  Mass.,  15  s.  by  e.  Boston,  449  W. 

East  Whateley,  p-v.,  Whateley  t.,  Franklin 
co.,  Mass.,  91  w.  by  n.  Boston,  390  W. 

East  Whiteland,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  20  n. 
w.  Philadelphia.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  a 
fertile  calcareous  loam,  well  cultivated.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $16,000 ;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $3,000; 
2  tanneries,  2  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,250.  1  acad.  21  students, 
4  sch.  160  scholars.    Pop.  1,208. 

East  Williamstown,  p-o.,  Williamstown  t., 
Orange  co.,  Vt.,  12  s.  by  e.  Montpelier,  514  W. 

East  Wilton,  p-o.,  Wilton  t.,  Franklin  co., 
Me.,  37  n.  w.  Augusta,  615  W. 

East  Wilton,  p-o.,  Wilton  t.,  Hillsboro'  co., 
N.  H.,  38  s.  s.  w.  Concord,  456  W. 

East  Windsor,  p-t.,  Hartford  co.,  Ct.,  7  n.  e. 
Hartford,  343  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Con- 
necticut r.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  sandy  or 
gravelly  loam.  The  meadows  on  the  r.  comprise 
more  than  2,000  acres,  of  great  fertility.  The  e. 
and  n.  parts  of  the  t.  produce  excellent  rye.  The 
v.  is  on  a  single,  very  extended  street,  a  mile 
back  from  the  r.,  running  parallel  with  it.  Scantic 
r.  runs  through  the  n.  part  of  the  t.  It  contains 
7  churches — 2  Congregational,  2  Methodist,  1 
Episcopal,  and  1  Baptist.  Here  is  located  the 
"Theological  Institute  of  Connecticut,"  under 
the  direction  of  the  Congregationalists,  to  which 
is  attached  a  farm  of  60  acres,  and  a  workshop 
furnished  with  tools,  for  manual  labor.  It  was 
founded  in  1834,  has  3  professora,  39  students, 
(37  have  completed  their  theological  education,) 
and  has  a  library  of  4,000  volumes.  The  build- 
ing is  of  brick,  4  stories  high.  There  are  in  the 
t.  13  stores,  cap.  $26,800 ;  5  fulling  m.,  3  woollen 
fac,  4  distilleries,  1  paper  fac,  4  grist  m.,  5  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $129,300.  1  college,  39 
students,  4  acad.  106  students,  22  sch.  962  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  3,600. 

East  Windsor  Hill,  p-o.,  East  Windsor  t., 
Hartford  co.,  Ct.,  11  n.  e.  Hartford,  347  W. 

East  Windsor,  t.,  Mercer  co.,  N.  J.,  20  s.  w. 
New  Brunswick.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil, 
sandy  and  gravelly  loam,  and  not  very  fertile. 
Drained  by  Millstone  r.  in  the  n.  e.,  and  Assun- 
pink  and  Miry  run  in  the  s.  w.  It  contains 
Hightstown  and  several  other  villages.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $8,100;   1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  3 

rist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,965. 
sch.  167  scholars.    Pop.  1,939. 

East  Winthrop,  p-o.,  Winthrop  t.,  Kennebec 
co.,  Me.,  6  w.  Augusta,  600  W. 

East  Worcester,  p-v.,  Worcester  t,  Otsego 
co.,  N.  Y.,  53  Albany,  375  W.  It  contains  1 
Baptist  and  1  Methodist  church,  3  stores,  1  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  fulling  m.,  25  dwellings,  and 
about  150  inhabitants. 

Eaton,  county,  Mich.  Centrally  situated  in 
the  settled  part  of  the  peninsula,  and  contains 
576  sq.  ms.  Organized  in  1837.  Watered  by 
Grand  and  Thornapple  rivers,  and  Battle  creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  the  soil  very  fer- 


tile. It  has  quarries  of  ■■mklOfiri  and  ImWtOOO. 
Capital,  Charlotte.  There  were  in  1840,  mat 
cattle  2,102,  sheep  103,  twine  3,188 ;  wheat 
15,896  bush,  produced,  Iml.  corn  14,492,  oats 
11,209,  potatoes  22,913,  sugar  TI.M'.t  pound 
stores,  cap.  $9,500 ;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $1,000 ; 
3  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $20,000. 
Pop.  2,379. 

Eaton,  p-t.,  Carroll  co.,  N.  H.,  62  n.  by  E. 
Concord,  546  W.  The  surface  is  in  part  uneven, 
and  moderately  good.  Pine  grows  on  the  plains, 
on  light  land.  Chartered  in  1776.  Iron  ore  is 
found.  It  has  several  considerable  ponds,  tho 
outlet  of  several  of  which  forms  Pigwacket  nv<r, 
flowing  into  Swift  r.,  on  the  n.,  and  a  larger  ono 
on  the  s.,  which  flows  into  Ossipee  lake.  There 
are  4  stores,  cap.  $2,500 ;  4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  18 
sch.  748  scholars.    Pop.  1,710. 

Eaton,  p-t.,  Madison  co.,  N.  Y.,  103  w.  by  n. 
Albany,  359  W.  The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  a 
fertile  gravelly  loam  and  clay.  Drained  by  the 
head  waters  of  Chenango  r.  It  contains  the  vil- 
lage of  Morrisville,  the  capital  of  the  co.  Another 
v.,  of  its  own  name,  contains  1  Presbyterian  and 

1  Baptist  church,  5  stores,  1  woollen  fac,  1  cot- 
ton fac,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  distillery,  1  fur- 
nace, 1  tannery,  1  scythe  fac,  100  dwellings, 
and  about  600  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t. 
13  stores,  cap.  $47,820 ;  2  fulling  m.,  4  woollen 
fac,  2  cotton  fac.  744  sp.,  2  furnaces,  4  tanneries, 

2  distilleries,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspa- 
per, 2  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$94,550.  2  acad.  79  scholars,  24  sch.  1,031  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  3,409. 

Eaton,  p-t.,  Wyoming  co.,  Pa.,  143  n.  e.  by  n. 
Harrisburg,  251  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
mountainous,  lying  on  the  Alleghany  range.  The 
soil  is  moderately  fertile.  Bowman's  cr.  flows 
through  it  into  the  Susquehanna,  which  bounds 
it  on  the  e.  and  n.  e.  An  eminence,  called 
the  Knob,  on  Susquehanna  river,  rises  1,150 
feet  above  the  surface  of  the  r.  It  has  2  full- 
ing m.,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Capital  in  man- 
ufactures $82,100.  5  sch.  169  scholars.  Pop. 
782. 

Eaton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Preble  co.,  O.,  94  w. 
Columbus,  487  W.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on 
the  E.  side  of  St.  Clair's  or  Seven  Mile  cr.,  which 
here  has  a  fall  of  20  feet  in  80  rods,  affording 
good  water  power.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  3  public  offices,  3  churches— 1  Presbyterian, 
1  Methodist,  and  1  common  to  various  denomina- 
tions—15  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  fulling  m., 
1  carding  machine,  2  tanneries,  1  printing  office, 
about  150  dwellings,  and  1,000  inhabitants. 

Eaton,  p-t.,  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  110  w.  by  N. 
Detroit,  580  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to 
grain.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,000 ;  1  grist  m.,  4 
saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,500.    Pop.  868. 

Eaton,  t.,  Lorain  co.,  O.,  4  s.  e.  Elyria,  is  a 
respectable  farming  t.  It  has  5  sch.  146  scholars. 
Pop.  764. 

Eaton,  p-v.,  Gibson  co.,  Term.,  142  w.  Nash- 
ville, 825  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  side  of  Forked 
Deer  r. 

Eaton,  p-v.,  La  Fayette  co.,  Miss.,  176  s.  by 
E.Jackson,  927  W. 

Eaton  Rapids,  p-o.,  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  106  w. 
by  n.  Detroit,  576  W.  .    '     ; 

Eatonton,  or  Eaton  C.  H,  p-v.,  capital  of 
Putnam  co.,  Ga.,  71  n.  w.  Milledgeville,  627  W. 
It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  1  church,  2  acad., 
8  stores,  65  dwellings,  and  about  800  inhabitants. 

Eatontown,  p-v.,  Shrewsbury  t.,  Monmouth 
co.,  N.  J.,  47  E.  Trenton,  213  W.  Situated  on  a 
branch  of  Swimming  r.,  and  contains  1  Presbyte- 
rian church,  an  academy,  6  stores,  1  grist  ra.,and 


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192 


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about  30  or  40  dwellings.    It  is  surrounded  by  a 
pleasant  and  fertile  country. 

Eatonville,  p-v.,  Herkimer  t.,  Herkimer  co., 
N.  Y.,  75  w.  N.  w.  Albany,  394  W. 

Eavesville,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.  C. 

Ebenezer,  p-v.,  Rutherford  co.,  N.  C,  213  w. 
by  s.  Raleigh,  450  W. 

Ebenezer,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  Ga.,  51  n.  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  635  W. 

Ebenezer,  v.,  Effingham  co.,  Ga.  It  is  situ- 
ated on  the  w.  side  of  Savannah  r.,  about  25  ms. 
N.  of  Savannah.  It  has  a  large  house  of  worship, 
and  a  few  dwellings,  much  dilapidated. 

Ebenezerville,  p-v.,  York  dist.,  S.  C,  84  n. 
Columbia,  442  W. 

Ebensburg,  p-b.,  capital,  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  139 
w.  by  N.  HarrisDurg,  182  W.  It  has  an  elevated 
and  commanding  situation  on  the  Alleghany 
mountains.  It  contains  a  brick  court  house  and 
county  offices,  3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1 
Congregational,  and  1  Roman  Catholic — 1  acad- 
emy, of  brick,  and  7  stores.  It  has  2  sch.  80 
scholars.    Pop.  353. 

Eckford,  p-t.,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  101  w.  De- 
troit, 562  W.  It  has  a  fertile  soil,  adapted  to 
grain,  and  contains  1  saw  m.,  9  sch.  182  scholars. 
Pop.  555 

Eckmansville,  p-v.,  Adams  co.,  O.,  100  s.  by 
w.  Columbus,  455  W. 

Economy,  p-t.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  217  w.  by  n. 
Harrisburg,  243  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of 
Ohio  r.  This  singular  settlement  consists  of  Ger- 
mans from  Swabia,  who,  after  two  removals,  have 
settled  down  in  this  place.  The  v.  is  regularly 
laid  out  on  2  streets,  parallel  to  the  river,  and  4 
crossing  them  at  right  angles,  and  contains  an 
elegant  church,  a  woollen  and  cotton  factory,  of 
brick,  1  store,  a  steam  saw  m.,  of  brick,  a  distil- 
lery, a  tannery,  a  concert  hall,  museum  of  natu- 
ral curiosities  and  minerals,  a  mathematical 
drawing  school  and  library,  100  dwellings,  and 
500  inhabitants.  They  hold  their  property  in 
common,  and  were  founded  by  Mr.  George 
Rapp,  who  acted  as  patriarch  and  priest  of  the 
colony.  There  are  in  the  t.  4  stores,  cap.  $7,500 ; 

1  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  1,600  sp.,  1  tannery, 

2  distilleries,  1  brewery,  3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $72,050.  4  sch.  145  scholars. 
Pop.  1,283. 

Economy,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  la.,  76  e.  Indian- 
apolis, 521  W. 

Ecorce,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1  saw 
m.,  3  sch.  114  scholars.    Pop.  733. 

Eddington,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  6  n.  e. 
Bangor,  73  e.  n.  e.  Augusta,  663  W.  Penobscot 
r.  flows  on  Us  n.  w.  border.  The  soil  is  fertile, 
adapted  to  gram.  It  has  a  v.  pleasantly  situated 
on  the  Penobscot.  It  has  1  fulling  m.,  5  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,000.  261  scholars  in  schools, 
rop.  595. 

%DY7I,LLE'  ?"v-'  Caldwell  co.,  Ky.,  237  w.  s. 
w  Frankfort,  769  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  e. 
side  of  Cumberland  r. 

Eddyville,v.,  Kingston  t.,  Ulster  co.,  N.  Y. 
Situated  on  the  n.  side  of  Rondout  r.,  which  af- 
fords good  water  power,  at  the  head  of  tide  water 
It  contains  1  church,  4  stores,  3  freighting  estab- 
lishments, 1  cotton  fac,  2  hydraulic  cement  m  1 
f™1-1^'  i.dvewood  m-,  50  dwellings,  and  about 
400  inhabitants.  It  has  20  sloops  engaged  in 
transportation.  The  Delaware  and  Hudson  ca- 
nal terminates  at  this  place. 

Eddytown,  v.,  Starkie  t.,  Yates  co.,  N.  Y 
contains  1  Presbyterian  church,  3  stores,  1  tan- 
nery, 30  dwellings,  and  about  150  inhabitants. 

Eden,  p-t.,  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  101  e.  Augusta, 
683  W.    Situated  in  the  n.  part  of  Mount  Desert 


island.     Organized  in  1795.     It  is  surrounded  on 

3  sides  by  Frenchman's  bay,  and  Mount  Desert 
sound,  and  has  fine  harbors.  Several  islands  lie 
at  the  entrance  of  the  sound,  the  largest  of  which 
is  Cranberry  island,  so  called  from  the  abun- 
dance of  that  fruit  which  it  yields.  The  soil  of 
the  t.  is  fertile,  and  the  inhabitants  are  exten- 
sively engaged  in  the  fisheries.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $3,000 ;  2  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $1,100.     12  sch.  456  scholars.    Pop.  1,054. 

Eden,  p-t.,  Lamoille  co.,  Vt.,  45  n.  Montpe- 
lier,  559  W.  Chartered  in  1781,  and  given  to 
Col.  Seth  Warner,  and  his  associates,  officers 
and  soldiers  of  the  revolutionary  war.  Watered 
by  branches  of  Lamoille  r.,  which  afford  water 
power.  It  has  a  pond  2  miles  long.  The  surface 
is  mountainous ;  soil  well  adapted  to  grazing.  It 
has  1  store,  cap.  $3,500  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  grist  m., 

4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,800.  8  sch.  211 
scholars.     Pop.  703. 

Eden,  p-t.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y.,  14  s.  Buffalo,  306 
w.  Albany,  370  W.  The  surface  is  undulating  ; 
soil,  a  fertile  gravelly  loam  and  clay.  Drained  by 
Cauquaga  and  Big  Two  Sisters  creeks,  which 
flow  into  Lake  Erie.  It  lias  3  stores,  cap.  $4,250 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $5,500.  7  sch.  224  scholars.  Pop. 
2,174. 

Eden,  p-o.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  192  w.  n.  w 
Harrisburg,  281  W. 

Eden,  p-o.,  Trumbull  co.,  O. 

Eden,  t.,  Licking  co.,  O.    Pop.  853. 

Eden,  t.,  Seneca  co.,  O.,  8  s.  Tiffin.  It  is  sit- 
uated on  Honey  cr.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $2,760  ; 
1  distillery,  1  pottery,  3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $2,025.  9  sch.  293  scholars.  Pop. 
1,471. 

Eden,  p-o.,  Laurens  dist.,  S.  C. 

Eden,  p-o.,  Effingham  co.,  Ga.,  133  E.  s.  E 
Milledgeville,  680  W. 

Eden,  p-o.,  Hancock  co.,  la.,  28  e.  Indianapo- 
lis, 559  W. 

Eden,  p-o.,  Lawrence  co.,  111.,  149  s.  e.  Spring- 
field, 715  W. 

Eden,  t.,  La  Grange  co.,  la.  It  has  1  sch.  40 
scholars.     Pop.  277. 

Eden's  Ridge,  p-o.,  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  279 
E.  Nashville,  403  W. 

Edenton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Chowan  co.,  N.  C, 
66  s.  Norfolk,  182  e.  by  n.  Raleigh,  274  W. 
Situated  near  the  mouth  of  Chowan  r.,  at  the 
head  of  Edenton  bay,  which  sets  up  from  Albe- 
marle sound.  It  contains  an  elegant  court  house, 
a  jail,  2  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  and  a 
printing  office.  Considerable  shipping  is  owned 
here. 

Edenville,  p-v.,  Warwick  t.,  Orange  co.,  N. 
Y.,  119  s.  by  w.  Albany,  267  W.  It  contains  1 
Methodist  church,  2  stores,  25  dwellings,  and 
about  150  inhabitants. 

Edgar,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  e.  part  of 
the  state,  and  contains  600  sq.  ms.  Drained  by 
Big,  Brulette's,  and  Clear  creeks,  and  Little  Em- 
barrass r.  The  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Capi- 
tal, Paris.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
11,627,  sheep  10,554,  swine  27,557;  wheat  40,870 
bush,  produced,  rye  2,346,  Indian  corn  547,433, 
oats  113,848,  potatoes  22,053,  sugar  40,465  pounds ; 
16  stores,  cap.  $56,300 ;  8  tanneries,  2  distilleries, 
9  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $26,049.  Pop. 
8,225. 

Edgarton,  p-t.,  port  of  entry,  capital  of  Dukes 
co.,  Ms.,  97  s.  s.  e.  Boston,  979  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  part  of  Martha's  Vineyard.  The  surface 
is  mostly  level,  with  a  few  elevations.  The  v. 
is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  w.  side  of  the  har. 


EDI 


193 


EDW 


bor,  and  contains  a  court  house,  and  3  churches 
— i  Congregational,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist. 
The  harbor  is  safe  and  excellent.  It  has  7  whale 
ships,  2  schooners,  and  8  or  10  sloops.  There  are 
in  the  t.  21  stores,  cap.  $30,400;  1  lumber  yard, 
cap.  $4,000.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $54,000.  1  acad. 
30  students,  13  sch.  588  scholars.     Pop.  1,736. 

Edgecomb,  p-t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  32  s.  s.  E. 
Augusta,  593  W.  It  is  situated  between  Dama- 
riscotta  r.  on  the  e.,  and  Sheepscot  r.  on  the  w., 
and  lies  opposite  to  Wiscasset,  which  is  situated 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Sheepscot.  It  has  considera- 
ble navigation  employed  in  the  coasting  trade 
and  the  fisheries.  Ship  building  is  a  considera- 
ble business.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $2,500 ;  1  full- 
ing m.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $4,800;  4  sch.  541  scholars.  Popula- 
tion, 1,233. 

Edgecombe,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  cen- 
trally toward  the  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  con- 
tains 650  sq.  ms.  Neuse  r.  runs  on  its  s.  w.  bor- 
der. Watered  by  Tar  r.  and  its  branches.  The 
surface  is  level ;  soil,  moderately  fertile.  Capi- 
tal, Tarboro.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
6,380,  swine  37,521;  wheat  14,295  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  3,200,  Ind.  corn  715,660,  oats  27,280, 
potatoes  86,500,  cotton  2,445,000  pounds;  15 
stores,  cap.  $8,500 ;  1  cotton  fac.  1,100  sp.,  86  dis- 
tilleries, 1  flouring  m.,  9  grist  m.,  7  saw  ra.,  1 
printing  office,  1  periodical,  1  weekly  newspaper. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $65,250.  1  acad.  28  students, 
13  sch.  285  scholars.  Pop.  whites  7,915,  slaves 
7,439,  free  col'd  354  ;  total,  15,708. 

Edgecomb's  Corners,  p-o.,  Galway  t.,  Sara- 
toga co.,  N.  Y. 

Edgefield,  dist,  S.  C.    Situated  in  the  w. 

f>art  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,680  sq.  ms.  Sa- 
uda  r.  runs  on  its  n.  e.  border,  and  Savannah  r. 
on  its  s.  w.  Drained  by  Little  Saluda  r.  and 
Stephens'  cr.  The  surface  is  moderately  un- 
even ;  soil  not  very  fertile,  but  well  adapted  to 
cotton,  of  which  it  produces  annually  35,000 
bales.  Capital,  Edgefield.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  36,339,  sheep  15,324,  swine  62,184  ; 
wheat  40,295  bush,  produced,  rye  3,023,  Ind. 
corn  1,068,521,  oats  120,384,  potatoes  62,069,  cot- 
ton 7,613,125  pounds;  6  commercial  and  com. 
houses,  cap.  $26,000 ;  39  stores,  cap.  $205,500 ; 
1  cotton  fac.  2,000  sp.,  8  tanneries,  80  grist  m.,  52 
saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $127,175.  1  acad.  65  students, 
5  sch.  152  scholars.  Pop.  whites  15,020,  slaves 
17,538,  free  col'd  294  ;  total,  32,852. 

Edgefield,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Edgefield 
dist.,  S.  C,  140  n.  w.  Charleston,  56  w.  s.  w. 
Columbia,  554  W.  It  contains  a  court  house,  3 
churches — 1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist 
— 2  academies,  6  stores,  and  about  1,200  inhabi- 
tants. 

Edgemont,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  87  e.  s.  e. 
Harrisburg,  129  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil, 
loam.  Watered  by  Ridley  cr.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $10,500  ;  1  cotton  fac,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $500.  4  sch.  114  scholars. 
Pop.  713 

Edina,  p-v.,  capital,  Scotland  co.,  Mo.  Situ- 
ated on  the  w.  side  of  the  South  Fabius  r.,  30  ms. 
N.  Shelbyville. 

Edinburg,  p-b.,  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  253  n.  w.  Har- 
risburg, 326  W.    Pop.  232. 

Edinburg,  p-t.,  Saratoga  co.,  N.  Y.,  52  n. 
Albany,  420  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous  on 
the  e.,  undulating  on  the  w.  Watered  by  Sa- 
condaga  r.,  along  which  are  fertile  alluvial  flats. 
It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $3,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tan- 
nery, 3  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$8,200.  12  sch.  467  scholars.  Pop.  1,458. 
25 


Edinburg,  p-v.,  Mahoning  t.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa., 
212  w.  n.  w.  llarri.sbiirti,  280  W.  It  contains  2 
stores,  1  grist  m.,  and  12  or  15  dwellings. 

Edinburg,  p-t.,  Portage  co.,  O.,  146  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 315  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  adapted 
to  grazing.  Organized  in  1819.  It  has  2  church- 
es, and  2  stores.  It  has  10  sch.  333  scholars. 
Pop.  1,085. 

Edinburg,  p-v.,  Johnson  co.,  la.,  30  s.  Indian- 
apolis, 581  W.  Situated  at  the  junction  of  Blue 
r.  and  Sugar  cr.,  branches  of  the  e.  fork  of  Whito 
river. 

Edinburg,  p-o.,  Scotland  co.,  Mo. 

Edinburg,  p-v.,  Leake  co.,  Miss.,  71  n.  e. 
Jackson,  947  W. 

Edinburg,  p-v.,  capital,  Jones  co.,  Iowa.  Sit- 
uated on  a  small  branch  of  Mineral  cr.,  wliich 
flows  into  Makoqueta  r. 

Edinburg,  t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.  Incorpora- 
ted in  1835.  Bounded  e.  by  Penobscot  r.  It  has 
a  considerable  pond  in  the  n.  w.  part,  the  outlet 
of  which  flows  across  it  into  the  Penobscot.  It 
has  1  sch.  23  scholars.    Pop.  52. 

Edisto,  r.,  S.  C,  rises  in  2  main  branches 
called  North  Edisto  and  South  Edisto,  in  Edge- 
field dist.,  and  pursues  a  s.  e.  course  into  Colle- 
ton dist.,  where  it  turns  to  the  s.  and  enters  the 
Atlantic  by  two  branches,  which  form  a  large 
island,  called,  Edisto  island.  This  island  is  12 
miles  long,  and  from  1  to  5  broad,  and  contains 
2  churches — 1  Presbyterian  and  1  Episcopal. 
Edisto  r.  is  navigable  for  large  boats  100  ms. 

Edmeston,  p-t.,  Otsego  co.,  N.  Y.,  15  w. 
Cooperstown,  89  w.  Albany,  355  W.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly;  soil,  sandy  loam.  Drained  by 
Wharton's  cr.  and  Unadilla  r.,  by  which  it  is 
bounded  w.  The  v.  contains  1  store,  1  grist  m., 
and  8  or  10  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  6 
stores,  cap.  $10,500;  3  fulling  m.,  5  tanneries,  2 
grist  m.,  11  saw.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $29,175.  14 
sch.  633  scholars.    Pop.  1,907. 

Edmonds,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.  Situated 
on  Cobscook  bay,  which  bounds  it  on  the  e.  It 
has  3  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,500.  4  sch. 
113  scholars.    Pop.  259. 

Edmonds,  p-o.,  Brunswick  co.,  Va.,  88  s.  Rich- 
mond, 204  W 

Edmonson,  county,  Ky.  Situated  centrally, 
w.  of  the  middle  of  the  state,  and  contains  250 
sq.  ms.  Watered  by  Green  r.  and  its  branches, 
Nolin  cr.,  and  Bear  cr.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Capi- 
tal, Brownsville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 2,170,  sheep  3,131,  swine  7,420;  wheat  6,733 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  57,050,  buckwheat 
3,495,  oats  24,780,  potatoes  1,215,  tobacco  94,122 
pounds,  cotton  2,525,  sugar  2,060 ;  2  tanneries,  3 
distilleries,  4  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $1,150.  Pop.  whites  2,579,  slaves  334,  free 
col'd  1 ;  total,  2,914. 

Edneyville,  p-o.,  Buncombe  co.,  N.  C,  257 
w.  Raleigh,  499  W. 

Edsallville,  p-o.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  161  n. 
Harrisburg,  263  W. 

Edwards,  county,  HI.  Situated  toward  the 
s.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  200  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  undulating ;  soil,  fertile.  Water- 
ed by  Little  Wabash  r.  and  Bon  Pas  cr.,  which 
forms  its  E.  boundary.  Capital,  Albion.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,145,  sheep  3,933, 
swine  9,734  ;  wheat  10,852  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
com  139,589,  oats  26,733,  potatoes  8,746;  10 
stores,  cap.  $43,550;  1  distillery,  1  brewery,  2 
flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $11,125.    4  sch.  87  scholars.    Pop. 

'  Edwards,  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.  Y.,  184 
N.  n.  w.  Albany,  468  W.    The  surface  is  un- 


EGG 


194 


ELD 


even ;  soil,  clay  loam,  well  adapted  to  grass 
Drained  by  Oswegatclue  r.  It  has  3  stores,  cap 
$6,000 ;  1  furnace,  1  forge,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m, 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,500.  4  sch.  140  scholars. 
Pop.  956. 

Edwardsburg,  p-v.,  Ontwa  t.,  Cass  co.,  Mich., 
172  w.  s.  w.  Detroit,  617  W.  Situated  on 
Beardsley's  lake,  and  contains  4  stores.  A  prai- 
rie stretches  to  the  s.  w.  It  is  pleasantly  situated 
and  flourishing. 

Edwardsport,  p-v.,  Knox  co.,  la.,  105  s.  w 
Indianapolis,  672  W. 

Edwardsville,  p-o.,  Edwards  t,  St.  Law- 
rence co.,  N.  Y. 

Edwardsville,  p-v.,  Salem  t.,  Warren  co., 
Ohio. 

Edwardsville,  p-v.,  capital,  Madison  co.,  111. 
12  s.  E.  Alton,  74  s.  by  w.  Springfield,  794  w! 
It  contains  a  court  house  and  jail,  a  U.  S.  land 
office,  2  churches— 1  Baptist  and  1  Methodist— 
an  academy,  7  stores,  a  castor  oil  fac,  and  about 
70  or  80  dwellings.  It  has  an  elevated  and  plea- 
sant station,  in  the  midst  of  a  fertile  country. 

Eel,  r.,  la.,  rises  in  Hendricks  co.,  and  after  a 
winding  course,  falls  into  White  r.,  at  Point  Com- 
merce, in  Greene  co. 

Eel  River,  p-o.,  Plymouth  co.,  Ms.,  42  s.  s.  e. 
Boston,  450  W. 

Eel  River,  p-o.,  Allen  co.,  la.,  143  n.  n.  e. 
Indianapolis,  556  W. 

Effingham,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  s. 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  396  sq.  ms.  Sa- 
vannah r.  runs  on  its  e.  boundary.  Capital, 
Springfield.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
6,931,  sheep  2,153,  swine  6,943;  wheat  1,222 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  54,830,  potatoes  20,459, 
rice  69,313  pounds,  cotton  240,603,  sugar  3  670  • 
4  stores,  cap.  $7;690  ;  1  acad.  30  students.  Pop' 
whites  2,924,  slaves  1,433,  free  col'd  9 ;  total, 
o,075. 

Effingham,  county,  111.  Situated  a  little  s.  e. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  486  so. 
ms.  The  surface  is  slightly  undulating;  soil, 
moderately  good.  Drained  by  Little  Wabash  r. 
and  its  tributaries,  on  which  the  land  is  rich,  but 
liable  to  occasional  inundation.  Capital,  Ewing- 
ton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  1,334,  sheep 
678,  swine  3,296 ;  wheat  1,499  bush,  produced^ 
Inch  corn  55,800,  oats  1,755,  potatoes  1,797,  sugar 
2,000  pounds ;  5  stores,  cap.  $6,500  ;  1  distillery, 
1  brewery,  5  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $3,500.    Pop.  1,675. 

Effingham,  p-t.,  Carroll  co.,  N.  H.,  62  n.  n.  e. 
Concord  540  W.  A  large  pond  lies  on  its  n. 
border,  the  outlet  of  which  forms  Great  Ossipee 
r.  Providence  pond  in  the  s.  e.  part,  discharges 
its  waters  through  the  t.  into  Great  Ossipee  r. 
uswpee  lake  lies  near  its  n.  w.  border.  The 
surface  is  uneven,  and  the  soil  various.  Incor- 
porated m  1778.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $4,900  ;  2 
lulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap 
in  manufac.  $9,700;  1  acad.  100  students,  9  sch 
an  scholars.     Pop.  1,195 

Effingham  p-v.,  Darlington  dist,  S.  C,  133 
e.n.  E.Columbia,  473  W. 

Egg  Harbor,  Great,  river  and  bay,  N.  J. 
£  tJL?*-\  inn G1°UCester  t.  and  co.,  and  flows 

ahnS  f  5.  T  ^^  ,*&  Harbor  bay-  which  is 
about  5  ms.  long  and  from  *  to  4  ms.  broad.    The 

Mav'sirnTgabie/°r8l00PS0ver  25  ms-  above 
marsh.  &      l0W  Which  k  flows  throuSh  a 

Th^Gr°«HA^BBR'  *jITTLE'  W  and  river,  N.  J. 
and  CI"1  P^H^and  Gloucester  counties, 
ana  flows  to  the  bay.    It  is  navigable  25  miles 

a  depth  of  water  of  from  15  to  18  feet. 


Egg  Harbor,  Great,  t.,  Atlantic  co.,  N.J. 
48  s.  e.  Woodbury.  The  surface  is  level.  A 
marsh  extends  several  miles  from  the  shore,  back 
of  which  the  soil  is  sandy,  and  covered  with  pine 
forest.  It  contains  the  villages  of  Bargaintown 
and  Somers'  Point.  It  has  10  stores,  cap.  $10,600 ; 
3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,80o' 
10  sch.  810  scholars.    Pop.  2,739. 

Egg  Harbor,  Little,  t.,  Burlington  co,,  N. 
J.,  35  s.  e.  Mount  Holly.  The  surface  is  level ; 
soil,  gravel  and  sand.  In  the  n.  part  are  plains, 
covered  with  low  pines  and  shrub  oaks,  in  which 
deer  and  grouse  are  found.  Drained  by  Bass  r 
and  other  branches  of  Little  Egg  Harbor  r.  It 
contains  the  v.  of  Tuckerton.  There  are  in  the 
t,  7  stores,  cap.  $17,000 ;  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  mill. 
Cap.  m  manufac.  $6,800.  7  sch.  285  scholars. 
Pop.  1,875. 

Egremont,  t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous.  Watered  by  branches  of 
Housatomc  r.  Incorporated  in  1778.  It  has  5 
stores,  cap.  $2,000;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  3 
grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  1  acad.  18  students,  5  sch.  230 
scholars.     Pop.  1,038. 

Egypt,  p-o.,  Perrington  t.,  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y.. 
207  w.  by  n.  Albany,  361  W. 

EG/17,L  Px'r0-'  Monroe  co->  Va.,  261  w.  Rich- 
mond, 298  W. 

Egypt  p-o.,  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  194  s.  w.  by 
w.  Nashville,  879  W. 

Elamsville,  p-v.,  Patrick  co..  Va.,  216  w.  s. 
w.  Richmond,  291  W. 

o*FLBA*  ,£"*•'  GjS?esee  co-'  N.  Y.,  7  n.  Batavia, 
255  w.  Albany,  380  W.  The  surface  is  undulat- 
ing ;  soil  sandy  and  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by 
Oak  Orchard  cr.    It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $31,500 : 

1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $100  ;  3  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  Z  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  flouring  m  3  grist 
m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $60,710.  16  sch. 
591  scholars.     Pop.  3,161. 

Elba,  p-o.,  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  59  w.  De- 
troit, 535  W. 
Elba,  t.,  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.    It  has  1  grist  m., 

2  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,700.     Pop.  101. 
Elbert,  county,  Ga.    Situated  in  the  n.  e. 

part  of  the  state,  and  contains  560  sq.  ms.  Sa- 
vannah r.  runs  on  its  n.  e.  border,  and  Broad  r. 
on  its  s.  w.  boundary.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil, 
productive  red  loam,  in  the  s.  part.  Capital,  El- 
berton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,431 
sheep  5,988,  swine  19,226 ;  wheat  27,681  bush, 
produced,  Ind.  corn  294,423,  oats  35,501,  potatoes 
10,778,  silk  cocoons  100  pounds,  cotton  1,692,848  - 
18  stores,  cap.  $77,750;  7  flouring  m.,  19  grist  m., 
8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manuTac.  $36,740.  4  acad. 
107  students,  6  sch.  146  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
6,077,  slaves  4,975,  free  col'd  73;  total,  11,125. 

Elberton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Elbert  co.,  Ga.,  Ill 
n.  n  e.  Milledgeville,  568  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  1  church,  2  academies,  several  stores, 
and  21  dwellings. 

Elbridge,  p-t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N.  Y,  13  w 
Syracuse,  149  w.  by  n.  Albany,  347  W.  The 
surface  is  moderately  uneven ;  soil,  fertile.  Wa- 
tered by  the  outlet  of  Skaneateles  lake,  which 
flows  n.  into  Seneca  r.  The  Erie  canal  passes 
through  the  n.  part,  and  the  Utica  and  Albany 
railroad  its  s.  part.  It  has  23  stores,  cap.  $63,400 ; 
2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $1,700 ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  tan- 
neries, 1  distillery,  1  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.,  1  oil  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $230,285.  1  acad.  300  students, 
17  sch.  1,017  scholars.    Pop.  4,647. 

Elbridge,  p-o.,  Edgar  co.,  111.,  123  E.  Spring- 
field, 655  W. 

Elder  Branch,  p-o.,  Wilkes  co.,  N.  C,  162 
w.  by  n.  Raleigh,  369  W. 
Eldersville,  p-v.,  Qross  Creek  t.,  Washing- 


ELI 


105 


ELI 


ton  co.,  Pa.,  231  w.  Harrisbuig,  254  W.    It  con- 
tains about  half  a  dozen  houses. 

Elderton,  p-v.,  Plumb  Creek  t.,  Armstrong 
co.,  Pa.,  168  w.  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  222  W.     It 
contains  2  stores,  and  about  30  dwellings. 
El  Dorado,  p-o.,  Clark  co.,  Mo. 
Eldred,  p-o,,  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  180  n.  e.  Har- 
risburg,  277  W. 

Eldred,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  395. 
Eldredville,  p-o.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  116  n. 
Harrisburg,  226  W. 

Eldridge,  p-o.,  Buckingham  co.,  Va.,  71  w. 
Richmond,  149  W. 

Eldridge,  p-o.,  Walker  co.,  Ala.,  52  n.  Tus- 
caloosa, 819  W. 

Electra,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Miss.,  188  N.  E. 
Jackson,  917  W. 

Eleven  Points,  p-o.,  Ripley  co.,  Mo.,  204  s. 
s.  e.  Jefferson  city,  978  W. 

Eleysville,  p-o.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y.,  282  w.  Al- 
bany, 386  W. 

Elgin,  p-o.,  Lyndon  t.,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.  Y., 
285  w.  by  s.  Albany,  325  W. 

Elgin,  p-v.,  Kane  co.,  111.,  199  n.  n.  e.  Spring- 
field, 752  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Fox  r. 
It  contains  3  churches — 1  Congregational,  1  Bap- 
tist, 1  Methodist — 1  academy,  4  stores,  3  saw  m., 
1  grist  m.,  and  300  inhabitants. 

Elimsport,  p-o.,  Lycoming  county,  Pa.,  78  N. 
Harrisburg,  194  W. 

Eliza,  p-o.,  Mercer  co.,  111.,  158  n.  w.  Spring- 
field, 888  W. 

Elizabeth,  t.,  Essex  co.,  N.  J.  The  soil  is 
red  shale,  clay,  loam,  and  marsh,  and  fertile. 
Watered  by  Bound  and  Morss  brooks.  Large 
quantities  of  grass  are  cut  on  the  marsh,  chiefly 
for  manure.  Newark  bay  and  Staten  Island 
sound  lie  on  its  e.  border.  It  has  22  stores,  cap. 
$51,900  ;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  10,000 ;  2  tanne- 
ries, 3  potteries,  2  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  1 
weekly  newspaper,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  oil  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $297,250.  3  acad.  150  students, 
10  sch.  393  scholars.    Pop.  4,184. 

Elizabeth,  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.  It  lies  be- 
tween Youghiogheny  and  Monongahela  rivers, 
by  branches  of  which  it  is  watered,  and  which 
unite  at  its  extreme  n.  point.  The  surface  is 
hilly ;  soil,  loam.  Coal  is  found  in  abundance, 
and  can  be  bought  in  the  pit  for  half  a  cent  per 
bushel.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $31,950  ;  1  woollen 
fac,  1  tannery,  2 distilleries,  1  glass  house,  6  flour- 
ing m.,  2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$57,600.    11  sch.  520  scholars.    Pop.  3,317. 

Elizabeth,  p-v.,  Elizabeth  t.,  Alleghany  co., 
Pa.,  14  s.  Pittsburg,  192  w.  Harrisburg,  218  W. 
Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  the  Monongahela.  By 
means  of  a  slack  water  navigation,  steamboats  of 
a  large  class  come  to  this  place,  and  many  are 
built  here.  It  contains  2  churches,  6  stores,  1 
glass  fac,  1  woollen  fac,  1  steam  flouring  m.,  1 
saw  m.,  and  numerous  mechanics. 

Elizabeth,  t.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.  The  surface 
is  hilly  ;  soil,  red  shale  and  gravel.  Trout  creek 
runs  on  its  e.,  and  Hammer  cr.  on  its  w.  bounda- 
ry. Traversed  by  Middle  cr.  and  its  tributary, 
Seglock  cr.  It  has  1  church,  and  contains  the  v. 
of  Brickersville.  There  are  in  the  t.,  1  tannery, 
2  distilleries,  12  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $7,000.    Pop.  2,049. 

Elizabeth,  t.,  Lawrence  co.,  O.  It  has  7 sch. 
342  scholars.    Pop.  1,540. 

Elizabeth,  t.,  Miami  co.,  O.  It  has  6  sch. 
294  scholars.    Pop.  1,381. 

Elizabeth,  p-v.,  (posl^office  called  Jackson- 
ville,) Wood  co.,  Va.,  325  w.  by  n.  Richmond,  304 
W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank  of  Little  Kanawha 
r.,  25  ms.  from  its  mouth.    On  the  e.  side  of  the 


r.,  8  ins.  above  this  place,  is  a  remarkable  burn- 
ring. 
zaiikth,  p-v.,  Harrison  co.,  la.,  138  s.  In- 


mg  spring 

Elizabeth,  r>-\ 
dianapolis,  635  W.    It  is  situated  4  ms.  n.  of 


Ohio  river.    It  has  3  stores,  and  about  100  inhabit- 
ants. 

Elizabeth,  p-v.,  capital,  Jackson  co.,  Ark., 
118  n.  e.  Little  Rock,  1,008  W.  Situated  on  the 
E.  side  of  White  r.  a  little  below  the  entrance  of 
Big  Black  r.,  and  at  the  head  of  steamboat  navi- 
gation. It  has  a  court  house  and  several  dwell- 
ings. 

Elizabeth  Citv,  county,  Va.  Situated  in 
the  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  64  sq.  ms. 
It  was  one  of  the  8  original  shires,  into  which  Vir- 
ginia was  divided  in  1634.  It  has  Hampton  roads, 
at  the  mouth  of  James  r.,  on  the  s.,  and  Chesa- 
peake bay  on  the  e.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil, 
generally  fertile.  Capital,  Hampton.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,445,  sheep  1,268,  swine 
5,044 ;  wheat  18,559  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
80,540,  oats  13,727,  potatoes  11,053,  cotton  664 
pounds  ;  31  stores,  cap.  $46,200 ;  2  grist  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $23,475.  2  acad.  165  students,  3  sen. 
109  scholars.  Pop.  whites  1,954,  slaves  1,708, 
free  col'd  44 ;  total,  3,706. 

Elizabeth  City,  p-v.,  capital,  Pasquotank 
co.,  N.  C,  40  s.  w.  Norfolk,  Va.,  215  e.  by  n. 
Raleigh,  283  W.  Situated  on  Pasquotank  r.,  20 
ms.  from  its  mouth.  Vessels  requiring  7  feet  wa- 
ter come  up  to  the  place.  It  has  a  water  com- 
munication with  Norfolk,  20  ms.  up  Pasquotank 
r.,  thence  22  ms.  by  the  Dismal  Swamp  canal,  to 
to  Elizabeth  r.,  Va.,  thence  9  ms.,  to  Norfolk.  It 
exports  shingles,  staves,  and  pitch  pine  lumber  to 
the  West  Indies,  and  contains  a  court  house,  and 
about  2,000  inhabitants. 

Elizabeth  Islands,  Mass.,  consist  of  16  small 
islands  between  Buzzard's  bay  and  Vineyard 
sound,  ranging  n.  e.  and  s.  w.  The  principal  are 
Nashawn,  Pasqui,  Nashawenna,  Piniquese,  and 
Cuttyhunk.    Two  of  them  are  inhabited. 

Elizabethport,  p-v.,  Elizabeth  t.,  Essex  co., 
N.  J.,  47  n.  E.  Trenton,  12  s.  w.  New  York.  It 
is  situated  on  Staten  Island  sound,  near  its  junc- 
tion with  Newark  bay.  It  contains  a  church, 
several  manufactories,  and  about  100  dwellings. 
The  Elizabethtown  and  Somerville  railroad  com- 
mences here.  Steamboats  ply  several  times 
daily  between  this  place  and  New  York. 

Elizabeth  River,  Va.,  rises  in  Princess  Ann 
and  Norfolk  counties,  and  flows  n.  w.,  25  miles, 
into  a  large  estuary  at  the  mouth  of  James  river, 
forming  a  fine  harbor  at  Norfolk.  It  forms,  with 
the  Dismal  Swamp  canal,  and  Pasquotank  r.,  a 
communication  from  Chesapeake  bay  to  Albe- 
marle sound. 

Elizabethtown,  p-t.,  capital  of  Essex  co.,N. 
Y.,  126  n.  Albany,  501  W.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous, the  Clinton  range  running  through  it  from 
s.  to  N.  Some  of  the  peaks  are  elevated  from  12  to 
1,500  feet  above  the  level  of  the  plains.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Boquet  r.  Iron  ore  of  the  best 
quality  abounds  here.  The  y.  is  on  Boquet  r., 
and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a  state  arsenal, 
1  church,  5  stores,  45  dwellings,  and  about  300 
inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.,  2  stores,  cap. 
$4,000;  5  forges,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  14  sawm. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,500.  1  acad.  20  students, 
9  sch.  343  scholars.    Pop.  1,061. 

Elizabethtown,  p-b.,  Essex  county  N.  J., 
44  n.  e.  Trenton,  213  W.  Situated  on  Eliz- 
abethtown cr.,  21  ms.  from  its  entrance  into  Sta- 
ten Island  sound.  The  New  Jersey  railroad, 
and  the  Elizabethtown  and  Somerville  railroad, 
pass  through  it.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a 
bank,  an  insurance  office,  5  churches,  of  which 


ELK 


196 


ELK 


the  Presbyterians  have  2,  the  Episcopalians  1, 
and  the  Methodists  1,  12  stores,  2  male  and  2  fe- 
male academies,  and  about  500  dwellings.  Its 
government  resembles  that  of  a  city.  Vessels 
of  30  tons  come  up  to  the  place,  and  of  300  tons 
to  the  port  at  the  mouth  of  the  river.  It  contains 
about  2,500  inhabitants. 

Elizabethtown,  p-v.,  Elizabeth  t.,  Lancaster 
co.,  Pa.,  18  K.  Harrisburg,  128  W.  Situated  in 
the  forks  of  Coney  cr.,  and  contains  2  stores,  and 
about  40  dwellings.    Incorporated  in  1827. 

Elizabethtown,  p-v.,  Whitewater  t.,  Hamil- 
ton co.,  O.,  132  s.  w.  Columbus,  508  W.  It  con- 
tains a  church,  several  stores,  and  about  200  in- 
habitants. The  Whitewater  canal  passes  through 
this  place. 

Elizabethtown,  p-v.,  capital,  Marshall  co., 
Va.  Situated  on  Grave  creek,  at  its  entrance 
into  the  Ohio,  12  ms.  below  Wheeling.  The  site 
of  the  v.  is  elevated,  and  it  contains  a  court  house 
and  other  county  buildings.  Here  are  very  ex- 
tensive ancient  tumuli,  scattered  over  a  large 
plain,  consisting  of  one  main  mound,  106  feet 
high,  and  400  yards  in  circumference,  surrounded 
by  a  ditch,  and  encompassed  by  other  similar  and 
smaller  mounds.    (See  Grave  Creek.) 

Elizabethtown,  p-v.,  capital  of  Hardin  co., 
Ky.,  79  s.  w.  Frankfort,  621  W.  Situated  on  the 
N.  side  of  Valley  cr.,  a  branch  of  Nolin's  cr.  It 
contains  a  court  house  and  979  inhabitants. 

Elizabethtown,  p-v.,  capital  of  Bladen  co., 
N.  C,  99  s.  Raleigh,  387  W.  Situated  on  the  w 
side  of  Cape  Fear  r.,  40  ms.  above  Wilmington. 
55  below  Fay  etteville.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Elizabethtown,  p-v.,  capital  of  Carter  co., 
Tenn.,  301  e.  Nashville,  414  W.  Situated  on  the 
Watauga  r.,  a  branch  of  Holston  r.  It  contains 
a  court  house,  jail,  several  stores  and  dwellings. 
There  are  extensive  manufactories  of  iron  in  the 
vicinity. 

Elizabethtown,  p-v.,  capital  of  Hardin  co., 
111.,  219  s.  s.  e.  Springfield,  786  W.  It  contains 
a  court  house  and  1,050.  inhabitants. 

Elizabethville,  p-o.,  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  39  n. 
Harrisburg,  149  W. 

Elizaville,  p-o.,  Columbia  co.,  N.  Y.,  44  s. 
Albany,  333  W. 

Elizaville,  p-v.,  Fleming  co.,  Ky.,  5  w. 
Flemingsburg,  99  e.  by  n.  Frankfort,  492  W.  It 
contains  1  Methodist  church  and  200  inhabitants. 
Elk,  r.,  Md.,  rises  in  Pennsylvania,  and  flows 
by  a  broad  estuary  into  the  n.  part  of  Chesapeake 
bay.    It  is  navigable  15  miles  to  Elkton. 

Elk,  r.,  Ala.,  rises  in  Tennessee,  and  flowing 
into  Alabama,  enters  Tennessee,  a  little  above 
the  Muscle  Shoals. 

Elk  Creek,  p-t.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  122  w.  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  281  W.  The  surface  is  level; 
soil,  loam.  Drained  by  Six  Mile  run,  and  by 
Canoe,  Beaver,  and  Dyer  Paint  creeks  It  has 
5  stores,  cap.  $16,100 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  1  tannery,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  news- 
paper, 2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$14,580.     1  sch.  25  scholars.    Pop.  785. 

Elk,  t.,  Warren  co.,  Pa.  It  has  Alleghany  r 
on  its  e.  and  s.  border,  and  Conewango  cr.  on  its 
w.  border.  It  has  excellent  land  on  its  streams. 
It  has  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $21,000.  4 
sch.  36  scholars.    Pop.  382. 

Elk,  t.,  Athens  co.,  O.     Situated  on  the  wa- 
ters of  Racoon  cr.    It  contains  the  v.  of  McAr- 
thurstown.    It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $3,100:  5  sch 
150  scholars.    Pop.  1,261. 
Elk,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  O.    Pop.  535. 
Elk  Fork,  t.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Mo. 
sch  12  scholars.    Pop.  360. 


Elk  Fork,  t.,  Pettis  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  454. 

Elk  Creek,  p-t.,  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  16  s.  w.  Erie, 
256  N.  w.  Harrisburg,  329  W.  The  surface  is 
hilly;  soil,  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  Cussa- 
wago  cr.,  a  branch  of  Elk  cr.,  and  tributary  of 
Conneaut  cr.,  on  the  last  of  which  salt  springs 
are  found.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $5,300  ;  1  fulling 
m.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $1,600.     14  sch.  450  scholars.     Pop.  1,645. 

Elk  Creek,  p-o.,  Grayson  co.,  Va.,  277  w. 
by  s.  Richmond,  346  W. 

Elk  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Ashe  co.,  N.  C,  214 
w.  n.  Raleigh. 

Elk  Furnace,  p-o.,  Nelson  co.,  Va. 

Elk  Garden,  p-o.,  Russell  co.,  Va.,  320  w.  by 
s.  Richmond,  375  W. 

Elk  Grove,  p-o.,  Iowa  co.,  Wis.,  71  s.  w. 
Madison,  903  W. 

Elk  Grove,  p-o.,  Cook  co.,  111.,  228  n.  e.  by 
N.  Springfield,  741  W. 

Elkhart,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  460  sq.  ms.  Watered 
by  St.  Joseph  and  Elkhart  rivers,  and  their  tribu- 
taries. The  land  is  pleasantly  interspersed  with 
woodland  and  prairies,  and  watered  by  numerous 
springs  and  streams.  Capital,  Goshen.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,842,  sheep  2,925,  swine 
8,801 ;  wheat  44,504  bushels  produced,  rye  8,763, 
Ind.  corn  98,862,  buckwheat  758,  oats  45,877,  po- 
tatoes 23,431,  silk  cocoons  150  pounds,  sugar 
73,697;  10  stores,  cap.  $46,500;  2  tanneries,  4 
distilleries,  1  brewery,  2  potteries,  3  flouring  m., 
6  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices, 
2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$11,415.    22  sch.  473  scholars.     Pop.  6,660. 

Elkhart,  p-v.,  Elkhart  co.,  la.,  154  n.  Indiau- 
apolis,  609  W. 

Elkhart,  t.,  Noble  co.,  la.    It  has  1  grist  m., 

1  saw  m.,  2  sch.  16  scholars.     Pop.  262. 
Elkhart,  r.,  la.,  rises  in  Noble  and  La  Grange 

cos.,  and  flows  into  St.  Joseph's  r.,  in  Elkhart  co. 

Elk  Hill,  p-o.,  Amelia  co.,  Va.,  32  s.  w. 
Richmond,  149  W. 

Elkhorn,  r.,  Ky.,  after  a  course  of  30  miles, 
enters  Kentucky  r.,  on  the  e.  side,  in  Franklin 
county. 

Elkhorn,  p-o.,  Franklin  county,  Ky.,  9  n.  E. 
Frankfort,  551  W. 

Elkhorn,  t.,  Warren  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  642. 

Elkhorn,  r.,  Dl.,  rises  in  Washington  co.,  runs 
N.  w.,  and  enters  Kaskaskia  r. 

Elkhorn,  p-o.,  Ray  co.,  Mo.,  149  w.  N.  w. 
Jefferson  city,  1,054  W. 

Elkhorn,  p-v.,  capital  of  Walworth  county, 
Wis.,  68  s.  e.  Madison,  797  W. 

Elkhorn  Grove,  p-o.,  Jo-Daviess  co.,  111.,  179 
n.  Springfield,  842  W. 

Elkland,  p-t.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  170  n.  Harris- 
burg, 280  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  gravel, 
loam,  and  clay,  heavily  timbered.  Drained  by 
Cowanesque  and  Crooked  creeks,  branches  of 
Tioga  r.     It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $2,000 ;  1  tannery, 

2  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $16,125. 

5  sch.  149  scholars.     Pop.  710. 
Elk  Lick,  p-o.,  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  145  w.  Har- 
risburg, 162  W.     It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $13,000; 
2  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  10  distilleries,  3  grist  m., 

6  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,800.     1  sch.  22 
scholars.     Pop.  1,495. 

Elk  Ridge,  p-o.,  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  65  s.  Nash- 
ville, 719  W.  Situated  on  Robison's  Fork  of 
Richland  cr. 

Elk  Ridge  Landing,  p-v.,  Anne  Arundel  co., 

Md.,  30  n.  n.  w.  Annapolis,  30  W.     Situated  on 

the  s.   side  of  Patapsco  r.,  7  ms.  w.  s.  w.  of 

It  has  1 1  Baltimore,  at  the  head  of  tide  water.       The 

I  Washington  Branch  railroad,  and  the  Baltimore 


ELL 


197 


ELL 


and  Ohio  railroad,  intersect  at  this  place  ;  the  for- 
mer crossing  the  r.  over  a  splendid  viaduct,  700 
feet  long,  and  58  feet  above  the  r.,  on  8  arches, 
all  of  granite  from  the  neighborhood.  The  v. 
has  a  Methodist  church,  a  lyceum,  with  a  library, 
2  flouring  m.,  1  blast  furnace,  for  the  manufac- 
ture of  cast-iron  pipe,  employing  300  hands,  a 
rolling  mill  and  nail  fac,  and  about  1,000  in- 
habitants. 

Elk  River,  t.,  Newton  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1 
sch.  19  scholars.     Pop.  335. 

Elk  Run,  t.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.  Situated  a 
few  ms.  e.  New  Lisbon. 

Elkton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  80  n. 
e.  Annapolis,  90  W.  Situated  i  a  mile  s.  of  the 
Philadelphia,  Wilmington,  and  Baltimore  rail- 
road, 44  ms.  from  Philadelphia,  and  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  two  main  branches  of  Elk  r.,  at  the 
head  of  tide  water.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  bank,  and  Methodist  church.  Its  trade  is 
less  extensive  than  formerly. 

Elkton,  p-v.,  Elk  Run  t.,  Columbiana  co.,  O., 
154  n.  E.  by  E.  Columbus,  276  W.  It  contains 
68  inhabitants. 

Elkton,  p-v.,  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  90  s.  Nash- 
ville, 739  W.  It  is  situated  on  Elk  r.,  2  miles 
above  its  junction  with  Richland  cr.,  and  con- 
tains 150  inhabitants. 

Elkton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Todd  co.,  Ky.,  187  s. 
w.  Frankfort,  711 W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of 
Elk  cr.,  a  branch  of  Red  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house  and  474  inhabitants. 

Elkton,  p-v.,  Polk  co.,  Mo.,  114  s.  w.  Jeffer- 
son city,  1,050  W. 

Elkville,  p-v.,  Caldwell  co.,  N.  C,  189  w. 
Raleigh,  396  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of 
the  Yadkin  r. 

Ellejay,  p-v.,  capital  of  Gilmer  co.,  Ga.,  176 
N.  w.  Milledgeville,  632  W.  Situated  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Ellejay  and  Cottercay  rivers ; 
and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  1  Baptist  and  1 
Methodist  church,  an  academy,  and  300  in- 
habitants. 

Ellejay,  p-o.,  Blount  co.,  Tenn.,  194  E.  by  s. 
Nashville,  514  W. 

Ellejay  r.    (See  Coosa  r.) 

Ellenburg,  p-t.,  Clinton  co.,  N.  Y.,  25  n.  n. 
w.  Plattsburg,  189  n.  Albany,  554  W.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly,  but  generally  arable.  Drained  by 
English  r.,  and  other  streams  which  flow  into 
Canada,  and  by  the  head  waters  of  Chazy  r., 
which  flows  into  Lake  Champlain.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $600 ;  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $4,545.  4  sch.  99  scholars.  Pop. 
1,171. 

Ellensville,  p-v.,  Wawarsing  t.,  Ulster  co., 
N.  Y.,  86  s.  w.  Albany,  293  W.  Situated  on  the 
Delaware  and  Hudson  canal,  at  the  junction  of 
Sand  Bar  cr.  and  Good  Beerkill  cr.  It  con- 
tains 2  churches,  6  stores,  1  glass  fac,  4  saw  m., 
1  iron  foundry,  1  edge  tool  fac.  There  is  an  old 
lead  mine  in  the  vicinity. 

Ellerslie,  p-v.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  194  n. 
E.  by  n.  Harrisburg,  294  W. 

Ellerslie,  p-v.,  Harris  co.,  Ga.,  108  w.  s.  w. 
Milledgeville,  741  W. 

Ellery,  p-t.,  Chautauque  co.,  N.  Y.,  343  w.  by 
8.  Albany,  330  W.  The  surface  is  undulating ; 
soil,  a  fertile,  sandy,  and  gravelly  loam.  Chau- 
tauque lake  bounds  it  on  the  s.  w.  Watered  by 
small  streams  which  flow  into  the  lake.  The 
v.  contains  1  church,  2  stores,  and  15  or  20  dwell- 
ings. There  are  in  the  t.,  1  store,  cap.  $3,000 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  9  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,450  ;  12  sch.  710  scholars. 
Pop.  2,242. 

Ellicott,  t,  Chautauque  co.,  N.  Y.f  18  s.  e. 


Mayville,  330  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating ;  soil,  sandy  and  gravelly  loam.  Watered 
by  Cassadaga  cr.  and  the  outlet  of  Chautauque 
lake.  It  has  14  stores,  cap.  $83,900  ;  2  furnaces, 
2  fulling  m.,  1  cotton  fac,  1  tannery,  1  pottery,  1 
printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  1  flouring 
m.,  2  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$81,350.  1  acad.  140  students,  12  sch.  521  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  2,571. 

Ellicott's  Mills,  p-v.,  Anne  Arundel  co., 
Md.,  40  n.  w.  Annapolis,  45  W.  Situated  on  Pa- 
tapsco  r.,  10  s.  w.  By  w.  Baltimore.  Here  are 
a  scattered  village,  various  mills  and  manufac- 
tories, and  much  romantic  scenery. 

Ellicottsville,  p-t.,  capital  of  Cattaraugus 
co.,  N.  Y.,  293  w.  by  s.  Albany,  335  W.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  except  a  deep  valley  along 
Great  Valley  cr.  The  soil  is  sandy  or  gravelly 
loam.  Drained  by  Great  Valley  cr.  and  its  tribu- 
taries. The  v.  is  situated  on  Great  Valley  cr., 
and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  county  clerk's 
office,  2  churches,  4  stores,  1  saw  m.,  1  tannery, 
80  dwellings,  and  about  600  inhabitants.  Incor- 
porated in  1837.  There  are  in  the  t.,  4  stores, 
cap.  $20,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  printing  office,  1 
weekly  newspaper,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $7,818.  7  sch.  390  scholars.  Pop. 
1,084. 

Ellington,  p-t.,  Tolland  co.,  Ct.,  20  n.  n.  e. 
Hartford,  356  W.  The  surface  on  the  e.  is 
broken  and  hilly,  but  level  on  the  w.  The  soil 
is  light  and  dry,  and  moderately  fertile.  The  v. 
contains  a  Congregational  church,  a  high-school, 
and  about  40  dwellings,  many  of  them  neat. 
There  are  in  the  t.,  3  stores,  cap.  $14,000 ;  1  tan- 
nery, 2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$13,000 ;  1  acad.  28  students,  9  sch.  366  scholars 
Pop.  1,356. 

Ellington,  p-t.,  Chautauque  co.,  N.  Y.,  25  e. 
Mayville,  324  w.  by  s.  Albany,  336  W.  The 
surface  is  undulating;  soil,  sandy  and  gravelly 
loam.  Drained  by  Clear  creek.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $13,300;  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  2  grist 
m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,500.  9  sch. 
576  scholars.    Pop.  1,725. 

Elliot,  p-t.,  York  co.,  Me.,  102  s.  s.  w.  Au- 
gusta, 498  W.  It  is  bounded  s.  w.  by  Salmon 
Fall  r.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain.  It 
has  4  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $3,875.  1  acad.  46  students,  7  sch.  522 
scholars.    Pop.  1,889. 

Elliottsville,  t.,  Piscataquis  cb.,  Me.  It 
has  1  saw  m.,  2  sch.  19  scholars.    Pop.  60. 

Elliottsburg,  p-o.,  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  33  w 
Harrisburg,  121  W. 

Elliottsville,  p-o.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  85  n. 
Augusta,  680  W. 

Elliottsville,  p-o.,  Knox  t.,  Jefferson  co., 
O.,  145  e.  by  n.  Columbus,  279  W. 

Ellisburg,  p-t.,  Jefferson  co.,  N.  Y.,  169  n.  w. 
Albany,  399  W.  Bounded  w.  by  Lake  Ontario. 
The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  sandy  loam,  and  fer- 
tile. Drained  by  the  n.  and  s.  branches  of 
Sandy  creek,  which  flow  into  Lake  Ontario, 
affording  fine  water  power,  which  has  been 
extensively  used.  The  village  is  situated  on 
Sandy  cr.,  and  contains  1  Presbyterian  church, 
2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  carding 
machine  and  fulling  m.,  40  dwellings,  and  250 
inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.,  9  stores,  cap- 
ital $25,500;  3  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  4  tan- 
neries, 3  distilleries,  2  flouring  m.,  7  grist  m., ,14 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $53,200;  23  sch.  794 
scholars.    Pop.  5,349. 

Ellisburg,  p-v.,  La  Grange  co.,  la.,  180  n.  by 
E.  Indianapolis,  581  W.  •  ■ -■       . 

Ellis  Island,  N.  Y-    Situated  in  the  harbor 


ELM 


198 


EMB 


of  New  York,  off  the  mouth  of  Hudson  r.     It 
belongs  to  the  United  States,  and  contains  Fort 

Gibson.  .  ^      ce 

Ellisville,  p-v.,  Louisa  co.,  Va.,  bo  N.  w. 
Richmond,  108  W. 

Ellisville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jones  co.,  Miss., 
144  s.  E.  Jackson,  1,022  W.  It  is  situated  on  the 
w.  side  of  Tallahala  cr.,  a  branch  of  Pascagoula 
r  It  contains  a  courthouse  and  several  dwellings. 
Ellisville,  p-v.,  Fulton  co.,  111.,  75  n.  w. 
Springfield,  827  W. 

Ellisville,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  la.,  51  s.  s. 
w.  Indianapolis,  623  W. 

Ellsworth,  p-t.,  capital  of  Hancock  co.,  Me., 
89  e,  by  n.  Augusta,  671  W.  Watered  by  Union 
r.  It  has  a  fertile  soil,  adapted  to  grain  and  to 
grazing.  It  has  Orphan  lake  toward  the  s.  w., 
and  a  larger  between  it  and  Otis  on  the  N.  The 
v.  is  situated  on  both  sides  of  Union  r.,  where  is 
a  bridge,  at  the  head  of  tide- water,  and  is  acces- 
sible by  large  vessels.  It  contains  a  court  house 
and  other  county  buildings.  There  are  in  the  t., 
15  stores,  cap.  $4,300;  5  grist  m.,  19  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,000.  1  acad.  12  students. 
19  sch.  670  scholars.     Pop.  2,263. 

Ellsworth,  t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  52  n.  by 
w.  Concord,  20  s.  e.  Haverhill.  The  surface  is 
mountainous,  and  the  soil  indifferent.  Watered 
by  a  branch  of  Pemigewasset  r.,  issuing  from  a 
considerable  pond.  Chartered  in  1769.  It  has 
1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,755. 
3  sch.  101  scholars.    Pop.  300. 

Ellsworth,  p-v.,  Sharon  t,  Litchfield  co., 
Ct,  47  w,  Hartford,  330  W.  It  contains  a  Con- 
gregational church  and  several  dwellings. 

Ellsworth,  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  160  n.  e. 
Columbus,  299  W.  It  has  a  fertile  soil,  well 
adapted  to  grazing,  and  is  noted  for  its  fine  cattle 
and  excellent  cheese.  It  contains  4  churches —  j 
1  Presbyterian,  1  Congregational,  1  German  Lu- 1 
theran,  and  1  Methodist  It  has  9  sch.  370  schol- 
ars.^   Pop.  988. 

Ellsworth,  p-v.,  capital  of  Wright  co.,  Mo. 
Situated  on  w.  side  of  Big  Piney  Fork  of  Gas- 
conade r. 

Elm  Grove,  p-o.,  Jennings  co.,  la.,  71  s.  s.  e. 
Indianapolis,  575  W. 

Elm  Grove,  p-o.,  De  Soto  co.,  Miss.,  214  n. 
Jackson,  937  W. 

Elm  Grove,  p-o.,  Clay  co.,  Mo.,  12  n.  n.  w. 
Liberty,  171  w.  n.  w.  Jefferson  city,  1,084  W. 

Elm  Hilx,  p-o.,  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn.,  71  s. 
E.  Nashville,  673  W. 

Elmira,  p-t.,  capital  of  Chemung  co.,  N.  Y., 
195  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  279  W.  The  surface  is 
uneven,  and  the  soil  in  the  valleys  and  flats  very 
productive.  Newton's  cr.  bounds  it  on  the  s.  w. 
The  v.,  formerly  called  Newtown,  is  situated  on 
the  n.  side  of  Chemung  r.,  at  the  entrance  of 
Newton's  cr.,  where  is  extensive  water  power. 
It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  county  clerk's  of- 
fice, an  academy,  4  churches,  1  Presbyterian,  1 
Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist,  40  stores, 
3  warehouses,  3  flouring  m.,  3  steam  furnaces,  3 
plaster  m.,  1  tannery,  and  1  boat  yard.  The 
Chemung  canal  terminates  here,  where  are  2 
extensive  basins.  10,000,000  feet  of  boards  and 
planks  are  exported  annually.  A  bridge,  700 
feet  long,  crosses  the  Chemung  r.  The  line  of 
the  New  York  and  Erie  railroad  passes  through 
the  place.  There  are  in  the  t.,  44  stores,  cap 
$106,510;  3  lumberyards,  cap.  $27,500 ;  1  ful- 
ling m.,  2  furnaces,  3  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  2 
printing  offices,  2  binderies,  2  weekly  newspa- 
pers, 6  grist  m.,  14  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$128,315.  1  acad.  130  students,  19  sch.  1,152 
scholars.    Pop.  4,791. 


Elmira,  p-o.,  Lucas  co.,  O.,  137  n.  w.  Colum- 
bus, 468  W. 

Elmira,  p-o.,  Stark  co.,  111.,  113  n.  Springfield, 
827  W. 

Elmore,  p-t.,  Lamoille  co.,  Vt,  20  n.  Montpe- 
lier,  536  W.  Chartered  in  1781.  The  surface  is 
uneven  and  elevated,  part  of  its  waters  flowing 
n.  into  Lamoille  r.,  and  part  s.  into  Onion  r. 
The  soil  is  moderately  fertile.  It  has  several 
considerable  ponds,  and  contains  iron  ore.  It 
has  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,300. 
7  sch.  144  scholars.     Pop.  476. 

Elmore,  p-o.,  Talbot  co.,  Ga.,  104  w.  s.  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  726  W. 

Elm  Point,  p-o.,  Bond  co.,  111.,  65  s.  Spring- 
field, 767  W. 

Elsinborough,  t.,  Salem  co.,  N.  J.,  3  n.  e. 
Salem.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  a  fertile  loam 
and  marsh  meadow.  .Drained  by  Alloways  and 
Salem  creeks.  It  has  2  sch.  85  scholars.  Pop. 
526. 

Elton,  p-o.,  Edgefield  dist.,  S.  C,  64  w.  Co- 
lumbia, 550  W. 

Elyria,  p-t.,  capital  of  Lorain  co.,  O.,  116  n.  n. 
e.  Columbus,  374  W.  The  v.  is  pleasantly  situ- 
ated on  a  plain  between  the  two  branches  of 
Black  r.,  which  unite  half  a  mile  below  the  v., 
and  each  of  which  has  a  perpendicular  fall  near- 
ly 40  feet,  on  the  opposite  sides  of  the  v.,  afford- 
ing extensive  water  power.  The  principal  street 
extends  from  one  branch  of  the  r.  to  the  other, 
and  the  buildings  exhibit  much  neatness  and 
taste.  It  contains  an  elegant  court  house,  which 
cost  $3,000, 2  churches,  1  acad.,  10  stores,  1  large 
flouring  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1  carding  mach.  and  cloth- 
ier's works,  1  forge,  2  furnaces,  about  100  dwell- 
ings, and  800  inhabitants.  It  is  one  of  the  pleas- 
antest  villages  in  Ohio.  There  are  in  the  t.  2  acad. 
135  students,  6  sch.  233  scholars.    Pop.  1,636. 

Elysburg,  p-v.,  Northumberland  co.,  Pa.,  79 
n.  Harrisburg,  189  W. 

Elysville,  p-o.,  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md. 

Ely  ton,  p-v.,  capital,  Jefferson  co.,  Ala.,  54  N 
e.  Tuscaloosa,  764  W.  Situated  at  the  head  of 
Catoochee  or  Valley  cr.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Emaus,  p-v.,  Salisbury  t.,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  87  E. 
by  N.  Harrisburg,  180  W.  It  is  a  Moravian  v., 
situated  at  the  foot  of  South  Mountain,  is  built 
on  one  street,  and  contains  1  store,  and  20  or  25 
houses.  The  land  of  the  v.  and  vicinity,  was 
bequeathed  by  2  members,  for  the  support  of  a 
clergyman  and  the  promotion  of  missions. 

Emanuel,  county,  Ga.  Situated  centrally 
toward  the  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains 
1,100  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  level;  soil,  sandy 
and  sterile.  Ogeechee  r.  runs  on  its  n.  border. 
Watered  by  Cannouchee  and  Ohoopee  rivers 
and  their  branches.  Capital,  Swainsboro.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  16,324,  sheep  1,171, 
swine  8,632 ;  wheat  3,087  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  37,129,  potatoes  2,772,  cotton  72,880  pounds, 
sugar  2,200 ;  4  stores,  cap.  $2,700  ;  2  distilleries, 
9  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Pop.  whites  2,500,  slaves 
605,  free  col'd  24;  total,  3,129. 

Embarras  Point,  p-o.,  Edgar  co.,  HI.,  104  E. 
Springfield,  675  W. 

Embden,  p-t.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  49  n.  n.  w. 
Augusta,  644  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Kennebec  r.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain 
and  to  grazing.  Incorporated  in  1804.  Watered 
by  Seven  Mile  brook,  a  tributary  of  the  Kenne- 
bec.   It  has  18  sch.  462  scholars.    Pop.  983. 

Embden  Centre,  p-o.,  Embden  t.,  Somerset 
co.,  Me.  44  n.  n.  w.  Augusta,  644  W. 

Embreeville,  p-o.,  Chester  co.,  Pa,,  76  e.  by 
s.  Harrisburg,  121  W. 


ENF 


199 


EPP 


Emercie's  Mills,  p-o.,  York  co.,  Me.,  59  s. 
w.  Augusta,  518  W. 

Emerson's  Tan  Yard,  p-o.,  Chatham  co.,  N. 
C,  50  w.  Raleigh,  338  W. 

Emery  Iron  Works,  p-o.,  Roane  co.,  Tenn., 
150  e.  by  s.  Nashville. 

Emery,  river,  Tennessee,  a  branch  of  Clinch 
river. 

Eminence,  p-o.,  Tazewell  co.,  111.,  67  n.  Spring- 
field, 763  W.     Situated  near  Sugar  cr. 

Emmettsburg,  p-v.,  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  80  n. 
w.  Annapolis,  65  W.  It  contains  4  churches — 
1  Presbyterian,  1  Dutch  Reformed,  1  Methodist, 
and  1  Roman  Catholic — an  academy,  4  stores, 
1 10  dwellings,  and  800  inhabitants.  2  ms.  distant 
from  the  v.,  is  Mount  St.  Mary's  College,  under 
the  direction  of  the  Roman  Catholics.  It  was 
founded  in  1830,  has  a  president,  and  17  profes- 
sors and  instructors,  31  students,  and  3,500  vols, 
in  its  libraries.  The  commencement  is  in  the 
last  week  in  June.  St.  Joseph's  Female  Insti- 
tute, half  a  mile  from  the  v.,  is  conducted  by  the 
sisters  of  charity,  and  is  flourishing. 

Emoreyville,  p-v.,  Barbour  co.,  Ala.,  201  s. 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  847  W. 

Emmett,  t.,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1 
flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufec.  $10,630. 
4  sch.  140  scholars.     Pop.  647. 

Endor,  p-o.,  Will  co.,  111.,  195  N.  E.  Spring- 
field, 712  W. 

Enfield,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  104  N.  E. 
Augusta,  699  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  side  of 
Penobscot  r.  Incorporated  in  1835.  It  has  a 
large  pond  on  its  e.  border.  It  contains  4  sch. 
169  scholars.     Pop.  346. 

Enfield,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  42  n.  w. 
Concord,  492  W.  The  surface  is  diversified,  and 
the  soil,  in  some  parts,  is  fertile.    It  has  several 

fonds,  the  outlets  of  which  afford  water  power, 
t  contains  a  considerable  Shakers'  settlement, 
with  1,000  acres  of  land  attached  to  it,  distin- 
guished for  neatness,  industry,  and  mechanical 
ingenuity.  There  are  in  the  t.,  6  stores,  cap. 
$16,900 ;  3  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fee,  2  tanneries, 
3  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $28,350. 
16  sch.  567  scholars.     Pop.  1,514. 

Enfield,  p-t.,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  75  w.  by 
8.  Boston,  387  W.  The  soil  is  adapted  to  gra- 
zing. Watered  by  2  main  branches  of  Swift  r., 
a  tributary  of  Chickapee  r.,  which  afford  water 
power.  Incorporated  in  1814.  It  has  consider- 
able manufactures.    It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $14,000 ; 

1  woollen  fac,  2  cotton  fac.  400  sp.,  2  tanneries, 

2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $44,100. 
7  sch.  285  scholars.    Pop.  976. 

Enfield,  p-t.,  Hartford  co.,  Ct.,  18  n.  by  e. 
Hartford,  353  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  side  of 
Connecticut  r.,  on  the  n.  line  of  the  state.  The 
surface  is  level ;  soil,  sandy  loam,  and  generally 
fertile.  A  bridge,  erected  in  1808  across  Con- 
necticut r.,  the  first  built  across  it  in  the  state, 
connects  this  place  with  Suffield.  The  v.  of 
Thompsonville,  1  m.  from  the  bridge,  has  an  ex- 
tensive carpet  fee,  and  over  800  inhabitants. 
There  is  a  Shakers'  settlement  in  this  t.,  who 
have  1,000  acres  of  land  under  high  cultivation. 
It  has  8  stores,  cap.  $15,000 ;  1  woollen  fee,  3 
tanneries,  2  distilleries,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufee  $260,200.    Pop.  2,648. 

Enfield,  p-t.,  Tompkins  co.,  N.  Y.,  5  w.  Ithaca, 
168  w.  by  s.  Albany,  301  W.  The  surface  is 
undulating ;  soil,  fertile  gravelly  loam.  Drained 
by  small  tributaries  of  Cayuga  inlet,  which  af- 
ford water  power.  The  v.  contains  about  20 
dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.,  10  stores,  cap. 
$100,200 ;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $1,125 ;  4  fulling 
m.,  2  tanneries,  1  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  8  saw 


m.  Cap.  in  manufao.  $60,810.  17  schools,  861 
scholars.     Pop.  2,310. 

Enfield,  p-v.,  Halifax  co.,  N.  C,  76  n.  e.  Ra- 
leighj  222  W.  Situated  on  the  Wilmington  and 
Raleigh  railroad,  and  contains  several  stores  and 
dwellings. 

Enfield,  p-v.,  King  William  co.,  Va.,  24  n. 
e.  Richmond,  138  W.  It  contains  2  stores,  and 
various  mechanic  shops. 

English  Neighborhood,  p-v.  Hackensack 
t.,  Bergen  co.,  N.  J.,  8  n.  New  York,  67  n.  e. 
Trenton,  233  W.  It  contains  1  Dutch  Reformed, 
and  1  Christian  church,  2  stores,  and  20  dwell- 
ings. 

English  Prairie,  p-v.,  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  87 
w.  Madison,  919  W. 

Englishtown,  p-v.,  Freehold  t,  Monmouth 
co.,  N.  J.,  31  e.  Trenton,  197  W.  Situated  on 
Matchaponix  cr.,  and  contains  2  stores,  a  grist 
m.,  and  about  30  dwellings.  The  soil  around  is 
light  and  sandy. 

Ennisville,  p-v.,  Barre  t.,  Huntingdon  co., 
Pa.,  80  w.  Harrisburg,  172  W.  Situated  on 
Standingstone  cr.,  and  contains  a  store,  and  5  or  6 
dwellings. 

Ennoree,  r.,  S.  C,  a  branch  of  Broad  r. 

Enoch,  p-t.,  Monroe  co.,  O.,  105  e.  Columbus, 
300  W.    Pop.  1,134. 

Enoch  Mills,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C,  45  n. 
w.  Raleigh,  279  W. 

Enon,  p-o.,  Clark  co.,  O.,  50  w.  Columbus, 
443  W. 

Enon  Valley,  p-o.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  243  w. 
by  N.  Harrisburg,  269  W. 

Enosburg,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  56  n.  by  w 
Montpelier,  558  W.  The  surface  is  various,  and 
the  soil  well  adapted  to  grazing.  Chartered  in 
1780.  It  has  a  Congregational,  a  Methodist,  and 
a  Baptist  church.  Watered  by  Missisque  r.  and 
its  branches,  which  afford  good  water  power.  It 
has  2  stores,  cap.  $3,000;  3  fulling  m.,  1  tannery, 
3  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,760  ; 
1  acad.  50  students,  11  sch.  246  scholars.  Pop. 
2,022. 

Enosbdrg  Falls,  p-v.,  Enosburg  t.,  Franklin 
co.,  Vt.,  59  n.  by  w.  Montpelier,  555  W. 

Enterprise,  p-o.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  45  e.  s. 
e.  Harrisburg,  120  W. 

Enterprise,  p-o.,  Steuben  co.,  la.,  177  n.  n. 
e.  Indianapolis,  538  W. 

Enterprise,  p-o.,  Union  parish,  La.,  318  n. 
w.  New  Orleans,  1,208  W. 

Ephratah,  p-t.,  Fulton  co.,  N.  Y.,  58  w.  n.  w. 
Albany,  402  W.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil, 
sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Garoga  and  Zimmer- 
man's creeks,  branches  of  the  Mohawk  r.  The 
v.  contains  1  church,  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.,  1  tannery,  35  dwellings,  and  200  inhabitants. 
There  are  in  the  t.  5  stores,  cap.  $15,000 ;  3  full- 
ing m.,  1  woollen  fee,  4  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  26 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $39,380.  8  sch.  587 
scholars.    Pop.  $2,009. 

Ephratah,  p-t.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  38  E.  by 
s.  Harrisburg,  127  W.  The  v.  contains  a  store, 
paper  m.,  and  about  20  dwellings.  It  was  founded 
by  a  singular  sect  from  Germany,  called  Tunkers, 
or  Dunkers.  Most  of  the  original  peculiarities 
of  the  sect  have  disappeared ;  but  they  are  still 
remarkable  for  the  regularity  of  their  lives,  the 
simplicity  of  their  manners,  and  the  fervor  of 
their  devotion.  Contention  at  law,  or  with  arms, 
they  regard  as  unchristian.  It  has  4  tanneries,  3 
distilleries,  5  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,350.  5  sch.  213  scholars. 
Pop.  2,083.  ^T   TT    o 

Epping,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H ,  30  e.  s. 
E.  Concord,  477  W.    The  soil  is  generally  fertile. 


ERI 


200 


ERI 


Watered  by  Lamprey  r.  and  North  r.  It  has  8 
stores,  cap.  $20,000;  2  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  4 
grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  7  sch.  380  scholars.    Pop.  1,235. 

Epsom,  p-t.,  Merrimac  co.,  N.  H.,  12  e.  Con- 
cord, 482  W.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  fer- 
tile, adapted  to  grain  or  to  grazing.  Watered  by 
Suncook  r.  Chartered  in  1727.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $4,350 ;  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  8  sch.  404 
scholars.    Pop.  1,205. 

Equality,  p-v.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.  C,  166 
w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  405  W. 

Equality,  p-o.,  Anderson  dist.,  S.  C,  127  w. 
N.  w.  Columbia,  522  W. 

Equality,  p-v.,  capital  of  Gallatin  co.,  111.,  187 
s.  s.  e.  Springfield,  776  W.  Situated  on  the  n. 
side  of  Saline  cr.  It  contains  a  neat  brick  court 
house,  40  feet  square,  2  stories  high,  13  stores  of 
different  kinds,  various  mechanics,  and  about  80 
dwellings.  It  has  salt  manufactories  in  the 
vicinity. 

Equality,  t.,  Miller  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch.  20 
scholars.    Pop.  424. 

Erasmus,  p.o.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.  C,  184  w.  by 
s.  Raleigh,  423  W. 

Erie,  lake.  Situated  n.  of  N.  Y.,  Pa.,  and  O., 
and  constitutes  a  part  of  the  boundary  between 
the  United  States  and  Canada.  It  is  240  miles 
long,  and  60  broad,  in  its  widest  part.  It  receives 
the  wraters  of  Superior,  Michigan,  and  Huron 
lakes,  through  Detroit  r.,  and  discharges  its  waters 
through  Niagara  r.  into  Lake  Ontario.  Its  surface 
is  elevated  565  feet  above  tide  water  in  the  Hud- 
son r.  at  Albany.  The  greatest  depth  which  has 
been  obtained  by  sounding  is  270  feet.  Toward 
the  shores  it  is  shallow,  and  its  navigation  is,  for 
a  considerable  time  in  the  winter,  prevented  by 
its  being  frozen.  The  business  done  on  this  lake 
is  immense,  and  increasing.  More  than  50  steam- 
boats, and  about  300  sloops,  schooners,  and  ships 
navigate  it,  and  find  abundant  employment.  A 
battle  was  fought  near  its  w.  end  Sept.  10th, 
1813,  between  the  American  fleet,  under  Com- 
modore Perry,  and  the  English  fleet,  in  which 
the  latter  was  captured. 

Erie,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  876  sq.  ms.  The  sur- 
face is  level  or  undulating  toward  the  n.,  and 
hilly  toward  the  s.  Lake  Erie  and  Niagara  river 
bound  it  on  the  w.  Cattaraugus  cr.  runs  on  its 
s.  boundary.  Drained  by  Buffalo,  Cayuga,  Caze- 
nove,  Seneca,  Ellicott's,  Cauquaga,  and  Tone- 
wanda  creeks.  The  Erie  canal  passes  through 
the  co.,  and  communicates  with  Lake  Erie  by 
means  of  an  extensive  basin,  formed  by  the  pier 
at  Black  Rock.  A  railroad  extends  from  Buffalo 
to  Niagara  Falls.    Capital,  Buffalo.    There  were 

£1™°'  n^at  cattle  39'734>  sheeP  81-442>  swine 
37,208 ;  wheat  207,492  bush,  produced,  rye  5,539, 
Indian  com  179,057,  buckwheat  19,593,  barley 
13,966,oats 424,489,  potatoes  556,332,  sugar  334,040 

p0Un2?J  ™„C0^mission  h(mses  m  fo^ign  trade, 
cap.  $94000;  317  stores,  cap.  $926,8751  6  lum- 
ber yards  cap  $14,500;  4  furnaces,  22  fulling 
m.,  4  woollen  foe,  26  tanneries,  6  distilleries,  10 
breweries,  7  potteries,  9  flouring  m.,  44  grist  m., 
135  saw  m.,  2 .oil  m.,  10  printing  offices,  5  bind- 
eries 6  periodicals,  5  daily,  4  weekly,  1  semi- 
weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,142  470 
3  acad.  156  students,  275  sch.  11,432  scholars' 
Pop.  1830,  35,710;  1840,  62,465.  8Ctlolars- 

Erie,  county,  Pa.  Situated  in  the  n.  w.  part 
of  the  state,  bounded  n.  w.  on  Lake  Erie,  and 
contains  720  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  undulating ; 
soil,  sandy  loam,  gravel,  and  clay,  particularly 
adapted  to  grass.  Watered  by  Conneaut,  Elk, 
Walnut,  and  other  creeks,  which  flow  into  Lake 
Erie,  and  French  cr.,  which  flows  s.into  the  Alle- 


ghany r.  Capital,  Erie.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  31,805,  sheep  47,971,  swine  21,665 ; 
wheat  173,094  bush,  produced,  rye  6,550,  Indian 
corn  197,825,  buckwheat  31,884,  barley  10,456, 
oats  242,749,  potatoes  334,871,  hops  3,874  pounds, 
sugar  254,241 ;  4  commission  houses,  cap.  $6,000 ; 
67  stores,  cap.  $277,600;  2  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$1,200;  1  furnace,  15  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fee, 
18  tanneries,  4  distilleries,  2  breweries,  1  flouring 
m.,  36  grist  m.,  118  saw  m.,  2  paper  fee,  3  print- 
ing offices,  1  bindery,  4  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $152,490.  4  acad.  165  students, 
226  sch.  8,349  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 17,027 ;  18 10, 
31,344. 

Erie,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  n.  part  of 
the  state,  and  contains  150  sq.  ms.  Lake  Erie 
and  Sandusky  bay  form  its  n.  boundary.  The 
surface  is  generally  level,  and  the  soil  fertile. 
Drained  by  Huron  and  Vermillion  rivers.  Cap- 
ital, Huron.  There  were  in  1840,  neaf  cattle 
7,155,  sheep  18,853,  swine  10,866  ;  wheat  94,112 
bush,  produced,  rye  1,582,  Ind.  corn  79,877,  buck- 
wheat 3,958,  barley  2,495,  oats  64,567,  potatoes 
71,687,  sugar  300  pounds  ;  11  commission  houses, 
cap.  $70,000;  47  stores,  cap.  $80,500 ;  2  furnaces, 
1  forge,  2  tanneries,  2  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  9 
saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $60,400.  60  sch. 
2,955  scholars.    Pop.  12,599. 

Erie,  p-  borough,  port  of  entry,  and  capital 
of  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  270  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  343  W  It 
is  beautifully  situated  on  Presque  Isle  bay,  of 
Lake  Erie,  contains  1  mile  square,  and  has  one 
of  the  best  harbors  on  the  lake.  The  depth  of 
water  on  the  bar  is  8  or  10  feet,  and  within  much 
more.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  printing 
office,  7  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal, 
1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  1  Associate  Reformed,  1 
German  Lutheran,  and  1  Roman  Catholic — 1 
academy,  1  female  seminary,  1  bank,  33  whole- 
sale and  retail  stores,  6  forwarding  and  commis- 
sion warehouses,  2  flouring  m.,  2  iron  foundries, 
and  3,412  inhabitants.  Perry's  fleet,  in  the  last 
war,  was  fitted  up  in  this  harbor,  then  well  de- 
fended by  a  fort,  and  the  remains  of  it  are  now 
found  here.  Visiters  are  weekly  cutting  pieces 
from  the  Lawrence,  Perry's  flag  ship,  which  lies 
here,  partly  out  of  water,  and  much  decayed. 
There  are  in  the  b.  45  stores,  cap.  $211,600 ;  4 
commission  houses,  cap.  $6,000 ;  2  lumber  yards, 
cap.  $1,200 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  3  printing 
offices,  1  bindery,  4  weekly  newspapers,  2  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $31,200.  3  acad. 
102  students,  8  sch.  452  scholars.     Pop.  3,412. 

Erie,  p-v.,  Greene  co.,  Ala.,  48  s.  by  w.  Tus- 
caloosa, 865  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of 
Black  Warrior  or  Tuscaloosa  r.  It  contains 
several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Erie,  t,  Ottawa  co.,  O.,  16  n.  Lower  Sandusky. 
Situated  on  the  n.  side  of  Portage  r.,  near  its  en- 
trance into  Lake  Erie.  Originally  settled  by  the 
French  from  Canada,  whose  descendants  are 
still  found  here.     Organized  in  1803.    Pop.  200. 

Erie,  p-t.,  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  47  s.  w.  Detroit, 
476  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  well  adapted  to 
grain  and  to  grazing.  Watered  by  Vance  r.  and 
Bay  cr.  It  contains  a  good  stone  quarry.  It  has 
3  sch.  83  scholars.     Pop.  852. 

Erieville,  p-v.,  Nelson  t.,  Madison  co.,  N. 
Y.,  110  w.  by  n.  Albany,  357  W.  It  contains  1 
church,  1  store,  40  dwellings,  and  about  250  in- 
habitants. 

Erin,  p-t.,  Chemung  co.,  N.  Y.,  8  e.  Elmira, 
195  w.  by  s.  Albany,  291  W.  The  surface  is 
hilly  and  broken;  soil,  gravelly  loam,  and  not 
very  fertile.  Drained  by  Cayuta  cr.  It  has  7 
sch.  253  scholars.    Pop.  1,441. 


ESS 201 

Erin,  p-o.,  Meriwether  co.,  Ga.,  88  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  70S  W. 

Lrrol,  p-t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  HE.,  155  n.  by  e.  Con- 
cord, 616  W.  Umbagog  lake  lies  partly  in  this  t. 
and  bounds  it  on  the  w.  Watered  by  Andros 
coggin  r.,  which  flows  from  this  lake,  and  Mogal 
loway  r.,  its  tributary.  Chartered  in  1774.  It 
has  1  sch.  40  scholars.     Pop.  104. 

Erving,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  79  w.  by  n. 
Boston,  412  W.  Miller's  r.  runs  on  its  s.  border, 
and  Connecticut  r.  on  its  w.  Its  streams  afford 
good  water  power.  Incorporated  in  1838.  It 
has  considerable  manufactures.  It  has  4  sch.  80 
scholars.     Pop.  309. 

Erwin,  p-t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  217  w.  by  s. 
Albany,  282  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  clay 
loam.  Drained  by  Conhocton  and  Tioga  rivers, 
which  here  unite  to  form  Chemung  r.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $8,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist 
m.,  14  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac,  $10,005.  6 
sch.  227  scholars.     Pop.  785. 

Erwin  Centre,  p-o.,  Erwin  t.,  Steuben  co., 
N.  Y.,  225  w.  by  s.  Albany,  274  W. 

Erwinna,  p-v.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  123  E.  Harris- 
burg,  187  W.  Situated  on  Delaware  r.,  37  n. 
Philadelphia. 

Erwinsville,  p-v.,  Cleveland  co.,  N.  C,  201 
w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  438  W. 

Erwinton,  p-o.,  Barnwell  dist.,  S.  C,  137  s. 
Columbia,  633  W. 

Escambia,  r.,  Flor.  and  Ala.,  rises  in  Monroe 
co.,  Ala.,  and  receives  Conecuh  r.,  larger  than 
itself,  and  flows  into  a  branch  of  Pensacola  bay. 

Escambia,  county,  Flor.  Situated  in  its  ex- 
treme w.  part,  bounded  s.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
and  contains  600  sq.  ms.  The  surface  near  the 
gulf  shore  is  level,  but  rises  to  some  elevation  in 
the  interior.  The  soil  is  generally  poor,  covered 
with  pine.  Perdido  r.  flows  on  its  w.  boundary, 
and  Escambia  r.  on  the  e.  Pensacola  bay  fur- 
nishes an  important  harbor.  Capital,  Pensacola. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle,  10,173,  sheep 
485,  swine  2,674 ;  Ind.  corn  7,657  bush,  produced, 
potatoes  6,551 ;  48  stores,  cap.  $221,800 ;  5  lum- 
ber yards,  cap.  $29,500 ;  10  grist  m.,  27  saw  m., 
1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $284,140.  2  acad.  100  students,  13  sch. 
213  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,330,  slaves  1,356, 
free  col'd  307 ;  total,  3,993. 

Esmond's  Corners,  p-o.,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich., 
125  w.  Detroit,  538  W. 

Esopus,  p-t.,  Ulster  co.,  N.  Y.,  7  s.  Kingston, 
66  s.  by  w.  Albany,  307  W.  The  surface  is  un- 
even and  broken ;  soil,  sandy  clay  and  gravelly 
loam.  Watered  by  Hudson  r.,  on  its  e.  border, 
and  by  Walkill  and  Rondout  rivers  on  the  w. 
border.  The  v.,  2  miles  w.  of  the  landing  on 
Hudson's  r.,  contains  1  church,  1  store,  and  20 
dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  5  stores,  cap. 
$15,000;  1  cotton  fac.  2,136  sp.,  1  flouring  m.,  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $36,019.  7  sch.  418 
scholars.    Pop.  1,939. 

Esperance,  p-v.,  Schoharie  t.,  Schoharie  co., 
N.  Y.,  29  w.  Albany,  396  W.  Incorporated  in 
1818.  It  contains  1  Presbyterian  church,  4  stores, 
1  paper  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  sawm.,  1  clothier's  works, 
75  dwellings,  and  about  450  inhabitants. 

Espv,  p-v.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  87  n.  by  e. 
Harrisburg,  197  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank  of 
Susquehanna  r.,  and  contains  2  stores  and  about 
20  dwellings. 

Espyville,  p-v.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  255  n.  w. 
by  w.  Harrisburg,  313  W. 

Essex,  county,  Vt.  Situated  in  the  n.  e.  cor- 
ner of  the  state,  and  contains  225  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  rough,  and  the  soil  generally  poor,  ex- 
cepting on  Connecticut  r.,  which  bounds  it  on  the 
26 


ESS 

e.  Watered  by  Nulhegan  and  Moose  rivers  and 
their  branches,  and  Paul's  stream.  In  the  n.  are 
the  head  waters  of  the  St.  Francis  r.,  which  flows 
n.  into  the  St.  Lawrence.  In  the  w.,  Clyde  r. 
flows  into  Lake  Memphremagog.  Capital,  Guild- 
hall. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,837, 
sheep  14,188,  swine  3,639  ;  wheat  11,161  bushels 
produced,  rye  1,537,  Ind.  corn  6,709,  buckwheat 
15,070,  barley  2,223,  oats  46,485,  potatoes  235,180, 
hops  5,959  pounds,  sugar  99,385 ;  7  stores,  cap. 
$12,500  ;  2  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  24 
saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,400.  2 
acad.  101  students,  49  sch.  1,345  scholars.  Pop. 
4,226. 

Essex,  county,  Mass.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  360  sq.  ms.  It  is 
bounded  e.  by  the  Atlantic,  and  N.  by  N.  Hamp- 
shire. Organized  in  1643.  The  surface  is  une- 
ven and  rough,  but  the  soil  is  in  many  parts  good. 
It  has  an  extensive  sea  coast,  good  harbors,  ex- 
tensive commerce,  and  great  wealth.  Watered 
by  Merrimac  and  Shawsheen  rivers.  Capitals, 
Salem,  Newburyport,  and  Ipswich.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  20,271,  sheep  6,900,  swine 
12,047  ;  wheat  3,281  bush,  produced,  rye  19,309, 
Ind.  corn  166,861,  buckwheat  3,268,  barley  28,044, 
oats  61,882,  potatoes  437,790 ;  70  houses  in  for. 
trade,  cap.  $908,500 ;  495  stores,  cap.  $1,298,455  ; 
20  lumber  yards,  cap.  $110,800  ;  invested  in  fish- 
eries, $1,116,795  ;  1  furnace,  38  fulling  m.,  15 
woollen  fac,  9  cotton  fac.  25,452  sp.,  77  tanneries, 

6  distilleries,  5  potteries,  2  flouring  m.,  51  grist  m, 
39  saw  m.,  2  paper  fac,  13  printing  offices,  7  bind- 
eries, 1  daily,  11  weekly,  4  semi-weekly  news- 
papers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,673,700.  1  college, 
125  students,  44  acad.  2,109  students,  368  sch. 
19,269  scholars.     Pop.  94,987. 

Essex,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  toward  the  n. 
e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,779  sq.  miles. 
The  surface  is  hilly  on  the  e.,  and  rises  to  lofty 
mountains  on  the  w.  Lake  Champlain  lies  on 
its  e.  border,  along  which  is  some  good  land.  It 
is  a  vast  depository  of  iron  ore,  and  other  mineral 
treasures,  vast  quantities  of  magnetic  iron  ore 
exist.  Mount  Marcy,  in  this  county,  is  5,467  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  ocean.  Capital,  Elizabeth- 
town.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  22,017, 
sheep  79,835,  swine  14,658 ;  wheat  60,444  bush, 
produced,  rye  29,121,  Ind.  corn  78,662,  buckwheat 
25,610,  barley  3,158,  oats  170,396,  potatoes  470,235, 
sugar  113,357  pounds;  76  stores,  cap.  $221,800; 

7  furnaces,  48  bloomeries,  forges,  &c,  employing 
a  cap.  of  $199,300  ;  19  fulling  m.,  7  woollen  fac, 
14  tanneries,  5  flouring  m.,  25  grist  m.,  266  saw 
m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $592,320.  7  acad.  395  students,  141 
sch.  5,636  scholars.     Pop.  23,634. 

Essex,  county,  N.  J.  Situated  toward  the  n. 
e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  241  sq.  miles. 
Two  mountain  chains  pass  through  it.  Drained 
by  Passaic  r.  and  its  branches,  and  Rahway  r., 
and  some  others.  The  soil  is  generally  red  shale. 
It  has  good  water  power,  and  extensive  manufac- 
tures. Capital,  Newark.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  12,522,  sheep  5,465,  swine  8,475; 
wheat  34,692  bush,  produced,  rye  34,244,  Indian 
corn  225,314,  buckwheat  39,588,  barley  745,  oats 
181,261,  potatoes  178,193 ;  2  commercial  and  2 
commission  houses  in  for.  trade,  capital  $15,000; 
203  stores,  cap.  $524,650 ;  10  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$56,000  ;  cap.  invested  in  the  fisheries,  $60,000  ; 
6  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  2  cotton  fac.  1,166  sp., 
4  dyeing  and  printing  estab.,  10  tanneries,  3  rope 
fac,  3  distilleries,  2  breweries,  1  glass-cutting  es- 
tablishment, 6  potteries,  21  flouring  m.,  20  grist 
m.,  25  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  18  paper  fac,  7  printing 
offices,  4  binderies,  3  periodicals,  1  daily,  4  week- 


EST 


202 


EVA 


lv  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,170  568. 
16  acad.  680  students,  112  sch.  4,655  scholars. 
Pop.  44,621.  t  ,  .  ■ 

Essex,  county,  Va.  Situated  m  the  E.  part  oi 
the  state,  and  contains  280  sq.  ms.  Rappahan- 
nock r.  runs  on  its  N.  E.  border,  by  the  small  trib- 
utaries of  which  it  is  watered.  The  surface  is 
moderately  uneven ;  soil,  sandy  and  barren,  ex- 
cept on  the  streams.  Capital,  Tappahannock. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,214,  sheep  6,619, 
swine  12,981 ;  wheat  74,083  bush,  produced,  rye 
204,  Ind.  corn  418,720,  oats  40, 175,  potatoes  15,125, 
tobacco  3,891  pounds,  cotton  14,530 ;  20  stores, 
cap.  $139,800  ;  2  tanneries,  15  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $53,430.  3  acad.  71  students, 
12  sch.  208  scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,955,  slaves 
6,756,  free  col'd  598;  total,  11,309. 

Essex,  p-t.,  Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  48  n.  w.  Mont- 
pelier,  523  W.  Onion  r.  runs  on  its  s.  border, 
and  by  its  falls  furnishes  good  water  power.  Wa- 
tered by  Brown's  river,  and  Stevens'  and  other 
brooks,  which  afford  some  water  power.  In  the 
s.  and  w.  part,  the  soil  is  sandy  and  covered  with 
pine.  In  other  parts  is  a  sandy  and  clay  loam, 
with  hard  wood,  and  is  fertile.  On  Onion  r.  is 
some  excellent  interval.  The  v.  at  the  centre 
contains  1  Congregational  and  1  Baptist  church, 
a  saw  m.,  and  12  or  15  dwellings.  There  are  in 
the  t.,  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1 
paper  fac,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $25,600.  10  sch.  344  scholars.  Pop.  1,824. 
Essex,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  32  n.  e.  Boston, 
472  W.  Organized  in  1819  from  Ipswich.  The 
soil  is  well  cultivated,  and  hay  and  fruits  are  ex- 
ported. Many  vessels  are  built.  Many  of  the 
inhabitants  are  engaged  in  the  fisheries.  The  v. 
at  the  centre  has  2  churches,  and  about  50  dwell- 
ings. There  are  in  the  t.,  1  tannery,  I  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,000.  7  sch.  473 
scholars.    Pop.  1,450. 

Essex,  p-v.,  Saybrook  t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Ct.,  37 
s.  by  e.  Hartford,  331  W.  Situated  on  Connec- 
ticut r.,  7  ms.  from  its  mouth,  and  contains  3 
churches — 1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Method- 
ist— an  academy,  10  stores,  an  extensive  rope 
walk,  and  about  1,000  inhabitants.  Ship  building 
is  extensively  carried  on.  It  has  considerable 
navigation  and  trade. 

Essex,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  N.  Y.,  133  n.  Albany, 
509  W.  The  soil  is  fertile  on  the  E.,  and  sterile 
w.  Watered  by  Boquet  r.,  flowing  into  Lake 
Champlain.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Lake  Champlain,  and  has  a  good  steamboat  land- 
ing, and  2  wharves.  It  contains  3  churches — 1 
Congregational,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist— 6 
stores,  2  extensive  storehouses,  1  tannery,  1  ship 
yard  for  lake  craft,  and  about  100  dwellings.  A 
horse  ferryboat  crosses,  2h  miles,  to  Vermont. 
There  are  in  the  t.,  9  stores,  cap.  $23,700  ;  1  forge, 
2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $50,800.  2  acad.  65 
students,  11  sch.  457  scholars.  Pop.  1,681. 
Essex,  p-o.,  Porter  co.,  la. 
Estanaula,  p-o.,  Haywood  co.,  Tenn.,  154  w. 
by  s.  Nashville,  839  W. 

Estill,  county,  Ky.  Situated  centrally  to- 
ward the  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  864 
sq.  ms.  Watered  by  Kentucky  r.  and  its  branch- 
es. Capital,  Irvme.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  5,118,  sheep  5,902,  swine  12,910;  wheat 
6,815  bush,  produced,  rye  1,839,  Ind.  corn  296,697 
oats  32,610,  potatoes  8,195,  tobacco  23,876  pounds' 
cotton  3,173,  sugar  39,573,  bituminous  coal  98,525 
bush. ;  4  stores,  cap.  $3,700 ;  1  furnace,  6  forges, 
5  tanneries,  23  distilleries,  27  grist  m.,  5  saw  m 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,840.  Pop.  whites  4,960, 
slaves  558,  free  col'd  17;  total,  5,535. 


Estillville,  p-v.,  capital,  Scott  co.,  Va.,  344 
w.  by  s.  Richmond,  412  W.  Situated  on  Mo- 
cassin cr.,  a  branch  of  Clinch  r.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  and  several  stores  and  dwell- 
ings. 

Etowah,  r.,  Ga.,  one  of  the  two  constituent 
branches,  which  unite  in  Floyd  co.,  to  form  the 
Coosa  r. 

Etowah  Valley,  p-o,,  Cass  co.,  Ga.,  144  n. 
w.  Milledgeville,  653  W. 

Etna,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  61  n.  n.  e.  Au- 
gusta, 656  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to 
wheat.  Watered  by  a  branch  of  Sebasticook  r. 
It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,000  ;  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $400.  6  sch.  321  scholars.  Pop. 
745. 

Etna,  p-v.,  Dryden  t,  Tompkins  co.,  N.  Y., 
169  w.  Albany,  302  W.  Situated  on  Fall  creek, 
and  contains  2  churches,  1  store,  1  flouring  m.,  1 
saw  m.,  2  distilleries,  1  cloth  dressing  establish- 
ment, 30  dwellings  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Etna,  p-o.,  Hanover  co.,  Va. 

Etna,  p-o.,  Lapeer  co.,  Mich. 

Etna,  p-v.,  Greene  co.,  Ky.,99  s.  s.  w.  Frank- 
fort. 

Etna,  p-v.,  Lima  t.,  Licking  co.,  O.,  17  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 376  W.  Situated  on  the  national  road, 
and  contains  1  church,  3  stores,  40  dwellings,  and 
about  200  inhabitants. 

Etna,  t.,  Licking  co.,  O.    Pop.  857. 

Eubanks,  p-o.,  Columbia  co.,  Ga.,  117  E.  n.  e. 
Milledgeville,  585  W. 

Euclid,  p-o.,  Clay  t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N.  Y.,  144 
w.  by  n.  Albany,  362  W. 

Euclid,  p-t.,  Cuyahoga  co.,  O.,  155  n.  e.  by  n. 
Columbus,  367  W.  Situated  on  Lake  Erie.  It 
has  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,100.  12  sch.  746  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,775. 

Eulalia,  p-t.,  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  187  n.  n.  w.Har- 
risburg,  279  W.  Drained  by  the  e.  branch  of  the 
Sinnemahoning  r.  and  its  tributaries.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  ;  soil,  vegetable  mold  and  gravelly 
loam.  It  is  but  little  cultivated.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $7,200  ;  1  tannery,  1  printing  office,  1  week- 
ly newspaper,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac $9,800.     3  schools,  80  scholars.     Pop.  368. 

Eugene,  p-v.,  Vermillion  co.,  la.,  85  w.  In- 
dianapolis, 657  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  s.  side 
of  Big  Vermillion  r.,  H  ms.  from  the  Wabash  r. 
It  contains  3  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  a 
carding  machine,  propelled  by  water  power,  and 
a  large  grist  and  saw  m.,  by  steam,  1  brewery,  1 
tannery,  and  400  inhabitants.  Big  Vermillion  is 
navigable  for  steamboats  to  this  place.  There 
are  in  the  t.,  4  stores,  cap.  $12,500 ;  1  flouring  m., 
1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,200. 
3  sch.  105  scholars.    Pop.  1,048. 

Eutaw,  p-o.,  De  Soto  co.,  Miss.,  215  n.  Jack- 
son, 928  W. 

Eutaw,  p-v.,  capital  of  Greene  co.,  Ala.  Situ- 
ated 3  ms.  w.  of  Black  Warrior  r.,  and  contains  a 
court  house,  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Eutaw  Springs,  S.  C,  a  small  branch  of 
Santee  r.  On  the  borders  of  this  stream  was 
fought  the  battle  of  Eutaw  Springs,  Sept.  8, 1781, 
in  the  American  revolution,  between  General 
Greene,  American,  with  a  loss  of  555  ;  and  Gen. 
Stewart,  British,  with  a  loss  of  1,000. 

Evans,  p-t.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y.,  311  w.  Albany, 
368  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  gravelly  loam 
and  clay,  adapted  to  grain  and  to  grass.  Drained 
by  Little  and  Big  Sisters  creeks,  flowing  into  Lake 
Erie,  which  bounds  it  on  the  w.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $1,800;  2  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m., 
9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $19,500.  16  sch. 
503  scholars.    Pop.  1,807. 


FAB 


203 


FAB 


Evansburg,  p-v.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  242  n.  w. 
by  w.  Harrisburg,  312  W. 

Evans'  Mills,  p-v.,  Le  Ray  t.,  Jefferson  co., 
N.  Y.,  165  n.  w.  Albany,  425  W.  Situated  on 
Pleasant  cr.,  a  branch  of  Indian  r.  It  contains  3 
churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  1  Method- 
ist— an  academy,  5  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
1  machine  shop,  1  tannery,  1  carding  and  fulling 
m.,  50  dwellings,  and  about  350  inhabitants. 

Evansport,  p-v.,  Williams  co.,  O.,  165  n.  w. 
Columbus,  517  W. 

Evansville,  p-v.,  Preston  co.,  Va.,  266  n.  w. 
Richmond,  190  W.  Situated  between  Cheat  and 
Valley  rivers. 

Evansville,  p-v.,  capital,  Vanderburg  co.,  la., 
172  s.  w.  by  s.  Indianapolis.  It  is  situated  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Ohio  r.,  at  the  great  north  bend, 
below  the  entrance  of  Green  r.,  and  contains  a 
brick  court  house,  jail,  a  bank,  8  churches— 1 
Baptist,  1  Dutch  Reformed,  1  Episcopal,  1  Lu- 
theran, 1  Methodist,  2  Presbyterian,  1  Roman 
Catholic — an  academy,  6  schools,  a  steam  flour- 
ing m.,  1  foundry,  45  stores,  500  dwellings,  and 
2,500  inhabitants. 

Evansville,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Ark.,  189 
N.  w.  Little  Rock,  1,215  W. 

Everettsville,  p-v.,  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  78 
w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  119  W.  It  contains  1  store 
and  2  mechanic  shops. 

Evergreen,  p-o.,  Anderson  dist.,  S.  C,  133 
w.  n.  w.  Columbia,  559  W. 

Evergreen,  p-o.,  Conecuh  co.,  Ala.,  172  s. 
by  E.  Tuscaloosa,  914  W. 

Evergreen,  p-o.,  McDonough  co.,  III. 

Everton,  p-v.,  Fayette  co.,  la.,  66  E.  by  s. 
Indianapolis,  522  W. 

Evesham,  p-t.,  Burlington  co.,  N.  J.,  34  s.  Tren- 
ton, 150  W.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  sand  and 
sandy  loam,  pretty  well  cultivated,  and  produc- 
tive. Drained  by  Rancocus  and  Haines'  creeks 
on  its  borders,"  and  by  the  heud  waters  of  Little 
Egg  Harbor  r.  It  has  several  villages.  There 
are  in  the  t.  19  stores,  cap.  $43,650;  1  lumber 
yard,  cap.  $7,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  3  dis- 
tilleries, 6  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$97,600.    21  sch.  1,167  scholars.     Pop.  5,060. 

Eve's  Mills,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Tenn.,  170  e. 
s.  e.  Nashville,  538  W. 

Ewing,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $2,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tan- 
nery, 4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,200.  4  sch. 
80  scholars.    Pop.  309. 

Ewing,  t.,  Mercer  co.,  N.  J.  It  has  1  fulling 
m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  distillery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,500.  3  sch.  77  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,017. 

Ewingsville,  p-v.,  Cooper  co..  Mo.,  70  w.  n. 
w.  Jefferson  city,  984  W. 

Ewington,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Effingham 
co.,  111.,  85  s.  E.  Springfield,  714  W.  Situated 
on  the  national  road,  on  the  w.  bank  of  Little 
Wabash  r.  It  has  an  elevated  and  pleasant  situ- 
ation, and  contains  a  court  house  and  a  few 
dwellings. 

Exchange,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  N.  C.,»  57  n.  n. 
E.  Raleigh,  237  W. 

Exeter,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  79  N.  n.  e. 
Augusta,  674  W.    The  soil  is  fertile,  producing 


excellent  wheat.  Watered  by  branches  of  Ken- 
duskeag  r.,  which  afford  water  power.  Incorpo- 
rated in  1811.  It  has  1  tannery.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $100,000. 

ExiTB*,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.,  37  s.  E. 
by  e.  Concord,  480  W.  The  soil  is  moderately 
good,  and  the  cultivation  excellent.  The  v.  is 
situated  on  Exeter  r.,  a  branch  of  the  Piscataqua, 
at  the  head  of  tide  water.  The  falls  here  afford 
great  water  power.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  bank,  3  churches — 2  Congregational  and  1 
Baptist — and  a  well  endowed  academy.  The  r. 
is  navigable  to  this  place  for  vessels  of  500  tons 
burden.  The  t.  contains  30  stores,  cap.  $67,240 ;  4 
tanneries,  1  powder  m.,  3  potteries,  1  paper  fac,  4 
printing  offices,  2  binderies,  3  weekly  newspa- 
pers, 4  acad.  275  students,  12  sch.  610  scholars. 
Pop.  2,925. 

Exeter,  t.,  Washington  co.,  R.  I.,  24  s.  w. 
Providence.  The  surface  is  uneven;  soil,  gra- 
velly loam,  and  productive.  Incorporated  in 
1743.  Drained  by  Wood  r.  and  its  branches, 
which  afford  water  power.  It  has  8  stores,  cap. 
$3,650 ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  6  grist  m.,  8 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $83,860.  13  sch.  422 
scholars.    Pop.  1,776. 

Exeter,  p-t.,  Otsego  co.,  N.  Y.,  77  w.  Albany, 
367  W.  The  surface  is  elevated  and  hilly; 
soil,  calcareous  mold,  well  adapted  to  grazing. 
Drained  by  Butternut  and  Wharton's  creeks. 
Canaderaga  lake  lies  on  its  n.  e.  border.  The  v. 
contains  a  church,  store,  and  12  or  15  dwellings. 
There  are  in  the  t.  4  stores,  cap.  $13,000  ;  1  full- 
ing m.,  3  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $15,012.  9  sch.  469  scholars.  Pop. 
1,423. 

Exeter,  t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  hilly  ;  soil,  red  gravel,  and  mode- 
rately productive.  Drained  by  Manokesy  and 
Roush  creeks,  branches  of  the  Schuylkill.  It 
contains  a  church,  common  to  Presbyterians  and 
Lutherans,  and  a  v.  with  1  store  and  6  or  8  dwell- 
ings.   There  are  in  the  t.  3  stores,  cap.  $2,800 ; 

1  forge,  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,750.  Pop. 
1,911. 

Exeter,  p-t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  129  n.  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  237  W.  The  surface  is  very  uneven, 
and  the  soil  excellent.  Susquehanna  r.  flows  on 
its  n.  e.  boundary.  Watered  by  Gardner's  creek 
and  Cascade  run,  which  flow  into  the  Susque- 
hanna. Shawney  ridge  of  mountains  passes 
through  it,  on  the  e.  side  of  which  anthracite 
coal  is  found.  In  the  s.  part  of  this  t.  the  well- 
known  battle  of  Wyoming  was  fought,  in  1778, 
celebrated  in  Campbell's  "Gertrude  of  Wyo- 
ming."   It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $8,600 :  1  fulling  m., 

2  gnst  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,300. 
8  sch.  289  scholars.    Pop.  1,529. 

Exeter,  p-t.,  Monroe  co.,  Mich.    The  soil  is 

K reductive,  adapted  to  grain  and  to  grazing.  It 
as  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $800.  Pop.  235. 
Exeter,  p-v.,  Morgan  co.,  111.,  47  w.  Spring- 
field, 827  W.  Situated  on  Mauvaiseterre  r.  It 
contains  a  large  flouring  m.,  3  stores,  and  15  or 
20  families,  surrounded  by  a  flourishing  country. 
Experiment  Mills,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  129 
n.  e.  by  e.  Harrisburg,  222  W. 


F. 


Faber's  Mills,  p-o.,  Nelson  co.,  Va.,  91  w. 
Richmond,  146  W.  It  contains  1  store,  several 
mechanic  shops,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  12  dwellings,  and  about  60  inhabitants. 

Fabius,  r.,  Mo.,  rises  in  several  branches  in 
Iowa  and  n.  part  of  Missouri,  and  enters  the 


Mississippi  r.  in  Marion  co.,  Mo.,  after  a  course 
of  about  100  miles. 

Fabius,  p-t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N.  Y.,  120  w.  Al- 
bany, 337  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  broken ; 
soil  well  adapted  to  grass.  Watered  by  lough- 
niogar.    It  has  22  sch.  766  scholars.    Pop.  2,562. 


FAI 


204 


FAI 


Fabius,  p-o.,  Hardy  co.,  Va.,  187  N.  w.  Rich- 
mond, 115  W. 

Fabius,  t.,  Marion  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1,340. 

Facility,  p-o.,  McMinn  co.,  Tenn.,  163  e.  s. 
E.  Nashville,  544  W. 

Factory  Point,  p-o.,  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  93 
s.  by  w.  Montpelier,  430  W. 

Factory  Shoal,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  Ala.,  149 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  769  W. 

Factoryville,  p-v.,  Tioga  co.,  N.  Y.,  178  w. 
s.  w.  Albany,  265  W.  Situated  on  Cayuta  cr. 
It  contains  1  Methodist  church,  3  stores,  1  wool- 
len fac,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  an  extensive  fur- 
nace, 50  dwellings,  and  350  inhabitants. 

Factoryville,  p-v.,  Castleton  t.,  Richmond 
co.,  N.  Y.,  153  s.  Albany,  231  W.  Situated  on 
the  N.  shore  of  Staten  Island.  It  contains  1  Epis- 
copal church,  5  stores,  1  grist  m.,  the  New  York 
dyeing  and  printing  establishment,  with  a  capital 
of  $200,000,  employing  300  workmen.  It  has  100 
dwellings,  and  600  inhabitants.  The  post-office 
is  called  North  Shore. 

Factoryville,  p-v.,  Braintrim  t.,  Luzerne 
co.,  Pa.,  156  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  263  W. 

Fairbluff,  p-o.,  Columbus  co.,  N.  C,  125  s. 
Raleigh,  415  W 

Fairdale,  p-v.,  Rush  t.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa., 
169  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  279  W.  It  contains  a  mill 
and  4  or  5  dwellings. 

Fair  Dealing,  p-o.,  Calloway  co.,  Ky.,  54  s. 
w.  Frankfort,  786  W. 

Fairfax,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  57  n.  w.  Mont- 
pelier, 535  W.  The  surface  is  generally  level, 
and  the  soil  light,  easily  tilled,  and  tolerably  fer- 
tile. Watered  by  Lamoille  r.,  and  some  small 
tributaries,  which  afford  good  water  power.  The 
falls  of  the  Lamoille,  which  is  here  a  large  r.,  are 
curious  and  valuable.  It  has  2  stores,  capital 
$2,000 ;  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $5,000.  11  sch.  254  scholars.  Pop. 
1,918.  F 

Fairfax,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Fairfax 
co.,  Va.,  121  n.  Richmond,  21  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  3  stores,  several  mechanic 
shops,  50  dwellings,  and  250  inhabitants. 

Fairfax,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  N.  E. 
part  of  the  state.  Potomac  r.  and  the  District  of 
Columbia  bound  it  on  the  e.  It  contains  450  sq. 
ms.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  broken,  and  the 
soil  in  some  places  good,  but  mostly  sterile.  Oco- 
quan  cr.  runs  on  its  s.  w.  border,  and  Difficult  cr. 
runs  through  it  n.  into  the  Potomac.  Capital, 
Fairfax  C.  H.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
12,501,  sheep  6,513,  swine  9,803 ;  wheat  24,630 
bush,  produced,  rye  5,943,  Indian  corn  159,012, 
buckwheat  1,594,  oats  66,806,  potatoes  7,812,  to- 
bacco 13,480  pounds ;  1  tannery,  2  colleges,  61 
students,  1  acad.  20  students,  8  sch.  245  scholars. 

total  ™  370S  5'469'  SlaVeS  3'453'  free  Col'd  448  ; 

Fairfax,  v.  and  capital  of  Culpepper  co.,  Va. 
(p-o  called  Culpepper  C  H.)  Situated  on  the  s. 
bank  of  Mountain  cr.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  and  clerks  office,  on  the  public  square,  3 
churches-1  Episcopal,  1  Presbyterian,  and  1 
Baptist-9  stores,  1  market  house,  2  tanneries, 
various  mechanic  shops,  and  2  printing  offices 
both  of  which  issue  weekly  newspapers. 

Fairfield,  p-t.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  22  n  Au- 
gusta, 617  W.  It  has  Kennebec  r.  on  its  e.  and 
N.  boundary,  which  is  navigable  by  boats  to  Au- 
gusta, where  it  meets  sloop  navigation.  The  soil 
is  fertile,  adapted  to  gram  and  to  grazing.  It  has 
4  stores,  cap.  5,900 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  2 
grist  m.,  28  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $186,115. 
23  sch.  860  scholars.    Pop.  2,198. 

Fairfield,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  56  n.  w.  Mont- 


pelier, 544  W.  First  settled  in  1789.  It  has  an 
uneven  surface,  and  a  strong  soil.  Watered  by 
branches  of  Missisque  r.,  and  has  good  water 
power.  It  rears  many  cattle,  horses,  and  sheep. 
An  academy  here  was  incorporated  in  1808.  It 
has  3  stores,  cap.  $6,000 ;  3  fulling  m.,  2  tanner- 
ies, 4  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$16,925.     16  sch.  303  scholars.     Pop.  2,448. 

Fairfield,  county,  Ct.  Situated  in  the  s.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  630  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  agreeably  diversified,  and  the  soil 
strong,  productive,  and  well  cultivated.  It  extends 
40  miles  on  Long  Island  sound,  has  a  number  of 
good  harbors,  and  enjoys  great  commercial  ad- 
vantages ;  and  it  has  considerable  shipping  em- 
ployed in  the  coasting  trade  and  the  fisheries. 
Watered  by  the  Housatonic  r.,  which  runs  on  its 
n.  E.  and  e.  boundary,  and  is  navigable  to  Derby, 
and  by  Saugatuc,  Norwalk,  Mill,  and  Pequonuck 
rivers,  which  afford  good  water  power.  Capitals, 
Fairfield  and  Danbury.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  34,452,  sheep  33,355,  swine  21,719 ; 
wheat  10,802  bush,  produced,  rye  111,530,  Ind. 
corn  216,894,  buckwheat  69.923,  oats  319,781, 
potatoes  550,587;  267  stores,  cap.  $828,250;  16 
lumber  yards,  cap.  $67,000 ;  2  furnaces,  2  forges, 
12  fulling  m.,  9  woollen  fac,  6  cotton  fac.  8,400 
sp.,  1  dyeing  and  printing  estab.,  26  tanneries,  3 
potteries,  1  rope  fac,  4  flouring  m.,  59  grist  m.,  71 
saw  m.,  1  paper  fac,  6  printing  offices,  1  bindery, 
5  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$1,279,720.  31  acad.  867  students,  21 1  sch.  8,285 
scholars.    Pop.  49,917. 

Fairfield,  county,  O.  Situated  a  little  s.  e. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  540  sq. 
ms.  The  surface  is  elevated,  lying  between  the 
Muskingum  and  Scioto  rivers,  and  the  soil  is  fer- 
tile, and  well  adapted  to  grain.  Drained  by  the 
head  waters  of  Hockhocking  r.  The  land  is 
generally  level,  interspersed  occasionally  with 
conical  hills.  The  south  part  of  the  county  is 
hilly,  with  a  less  fertile  soil.  Capital,  Lancaster. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  26,619,  sheep 
41,665,  swine  53,578 ;  wheat  616,152  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  32,841,  Ind.  corn  909,660,  barley 
2,923,  oats  377,834,  potatoes  67,265,  tobacco 
248,570  pounds,  sugar  102,362 ;  48  stores,  cap. 
$355,700  ;  3  fulling  m.,  7  woollen  fac,  20  tanne- 
ries, 7  distilleries,  3  breweries,  1  rope  fac,  1 
flouring  m.,  21  grist  m.,  41  saw  m.,  3  printing  of- 
fices, 3  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$100,685.     Pop.  31,924. 

Fairfield,  district,  S.  C.  Situated  in  the 
central  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  796  sq.  ms. 
The  Wateree  r.  runs  on  its  n.  e.  border,  and 
Broad  r.  on  the  s.  w.  Little  r.,  a  branch  of 
Broad  r.,  runs  through  its  w.  part.  Soil,  light  and 
fertile.  Capital,  Winnsboro.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  16,021,  sheep  6,924,  swine 
24,424 ;  wheat  22,784,  bush,  produced,  rye  2,136, 
Ind.  corn  556,055,  oats  57,125,  potatoes  20,689, 
cotton  8,159,450  pounds  ;  41  stores,  cap.  $78,600; 
16  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.,  1  acad.  25  students,  4  sch. 
98  scholars.  Pop.  whites  7,587,  slaves  12,505, 
free  col'd  73;  total,  20,165. 

Fairfield,  p-v.,  port  of  entry,  and  semi-capi- 
tal of  Fairfield  co.,  Ct.,  58  s.  w.  Hartford,  21  s.  s. 
w.  N.  Haven,  279  W.  The  surface  is  undula- 
ting, and  the  soil  fertile  and  well  cultivated. 
The  v.  is  principally  built  on  one  street,  with  a 
green  or  square  in  the  centre,  and  has  1  Congre- 
gational church,  a  court  house,  jail,  an  academy, 
and  about  100  dwellings.  Black  Rock  harbor, 
H  m.  from  the  C.  H.,  is,  next  to  New  London, 
one  of  the  best  harbors  on  the  sound,  having  19 
feet  water.  There  is  a  light-house  on  Fair- 
weather  island.    The  parish  of  Greenfield  con- 


FAI 


205 


FAI 


tains  a  pleasant  village,  with  a  Congregational 
church  and  an  academy,  and  a  fine  view  of  Long 
Island  sound;  and  has  been  celebrated  by  Dr. 
Dwight,  formerly  its  minister,  in  the  fine  poem 
of  "Greenfield  Hill."  The  main  v.  of  Fairfield 
was  burned  in  1779  by  the  British,  under  Gov. 
Tryon,  in  the  revolutionary  war.  It  has  15 
stores,  cap.  $43,200;  2  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$4,500 ;  2  tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $53,400.  3  acad.  104  students,  17 
sch.  488  scholars.    Pop.  3,654. 

Fairfield,  p-t.,  Herkimer  co.,  N.  Y.,  8  n.  Lit- 
tle Falls,  79  w.  by  n.  Albany,  398  W.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  and  rough,  and  the  soil  a  fertile  clay 
loam,  well  adapted  to  grazing.  Drained  by  West 
Canada  cr.  The  v.  contains  3  churches,  3  stores, 
1  tannery,  one  of  the  oldest  academies  in  the 
state,  and  about  300  inhabitants.  Here  was  lo- 
cated the  Western  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  founded  in  1812,  which  in  25  years, 
previous  to  1840,  educated  2,000  medical  stu- 
dents. It  has  been  discontinued.  There  are  in 
the  t.  5  stores,  cap.  $25,500  ;  1  tannery,  6  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,210.  1  college,  105  stu- 
dents, 1  acad.  215  students,  13  sch.  550  scholars. 
Pop.  1,836. 

Fairfield,  t.,  Cumberland  co.,  N.  J.,  72  s.  by 
w.  Trenton.  The  surface  is  level,  and  the  soil 
sandy,  with  the  exception  of  a  strip  of  marsh  on 
Delaware  bay.  Drained  by  Cohansey,  Nantuxet, 
and  Cedar  creeks.  It  has  1  Presbyterian  and  1 
Methodist  church.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $12,350 ; 
1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $44,015.    5  sch.  114  scholars.    Pop.  1,935. 

Fairfield,  v.,  Caldwell  t.,  Essex  co.,  N.  J.,  11 
N.  w.  Newark.  It  has  a  Dutch  Reformed  church, 
and  about  10  dwellings. 

Fairfield,  p-v.,  Hamilton  t.,  Adams  co.,  Pa., 
43  s.  w.  Harrisburg,  82  W.  Situated  on  the  s. 
side  of  Middle  cr.,  a  branch  of  the  Monocscy  r. 

Fairfield,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $1,500;  2  distilleries,  2  grist  m.,  5 
saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,300.    Pop.  1,213. 

Fairfield,  t.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.  It  lies 
chiefly  in  a  valley ;  soil,  calcareous  loam.  Bound- 
ed n.  e.  by  Conemaugh  r.,  by  several  branches 
of  which  it  is  watered.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$8,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  3  flouring  m.,  2 
grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,800.  1  acad.  40 
students,  10  sch.  371  scholars.    Pop.  2,035. 

Fairfield,  t.,  Butler  co.,  O.,  contains  Hamil 
ton  v.,  the  capital  of  the  co.  It  has  3  sch.  64 
scholars.    Pop.  2,171. 

Fairfield,  t.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.  It  has  1 
sch.  18  scholars.    Pop.  181. 

Fairfield,  t.,  Highland  co.,  O.  It  has  14  sch. 
1,210  scholars.    Pop.  3,544. 

Fairfield,  Tuscarawas  co.,  O.  It  has  2  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $600.  7  sch.  376  scholars. 
Pop.  866. 

Fairfield,  t.,  Huron  co.,  O.,  100  n.  by  e.  Co- 
lumbus. It  has  7  sch.  284  scholars.  Pop.  1,067. 
Fairfield,  p-v.,  Greene  co.,  O.,  57  w.  by  s. 
Columbus,  450  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  e.  side  of 
Mad  r.  It  contains  2  churches,  an  academy,  8 
stores,  1  large  grist  m.,  2  tanneries,  various  me- 
chanics, 108  dwellings,  and  about  400  inhabitants. 
It  is  beautifully  situated  on  a  spacious  plain,  sur- 
rounded by  hills, 


Fairfield,    p-v.,  Nelson   co.,  Ky.,  47  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  589  W. 


Situated  on  a  branch  of  Salt 


Fairfield,  t.,  Madison  co.,  O.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $2,700;  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $350. 
10  sch.  245  scholars.     Pop.  505. 

Fairfield,  p-v.,  Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  135  n. 
w.  Richmond,  177  W. 


Fairfield,  v.,  Rockbridge  co.,  Va.,  23  s.  s.  w. 
Stanton.  It  contains  a  church,  free  to  all  de- 
nominations, and  about  20  dwellings. 

Fairfield,  p-v.,  Bedford  co.,  Term.,  50  s.  by  K. 
Nashville. 

Fairfield,  p-v.,  Pickens  co.,  Ala.,  56  w.  Tus- 
caloosa, 873  W. 

Fairfield,  p-v.,  Franklin  co.,  la.,  73  e.  by  8. 
Indianapolis,  515  W. 

Fairfield,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Wayne  co.,  HI., 
145  s.  e.  Springfield,  751  W.  Situated  on  the 
border  of  Hargrave's  prairie.  It  has  a  handsome 
brick  court  house,  3  or  4  stores,  and  about  30 
dwellings.  Large  quantities  of  castor  oil  are 
manufactured  here. 

Fairfield,  p-v.,  Benton  co.,  Mo.,  90  s.  w.  Jef- 
ferson city,  1,026  W. 

Fairfield,  t.,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.  It  is  a 
flourishing  agricultural  t.,  and  has  1  saw  m.,  6  sch. 
169  schools.     Pop.  837. 

Fairfield,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa. 

Fairfield,  p-v.,  Walworth  co.,  Wis.,  66  s.  E. 
Madison,  810  W. 

Fairfield  Corners,  p-v.,  Fairfield  t.,  Somerset 
co.,  Me.,  28  N.  Augusta,  623  W. 

Fair  Garden,  p-o.,  Sevier  co.,  Term.,  224  E. 
Nashville,  484  W. 

Fair  Grove,  p-o.,  Davidson  co.,  N.  C,  96  w. 
Raleigh,  326  W. 

Fair  Grove,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  la. 

Fair  Haven,  p-t.,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  79  s.  w. 
Montpelier,  451  W.  Watered  by  Castleton  and 
Poultney  rivers,  which  unite  3  ms.  before  enter- 
ing E.  Bay  in  Lake  Champlain.  The  soil,  par- 
ticularly along  the  streams,  is  fertile.  On  Castle- 
ton r.  are  falls,  which  afford  good  water  power. 
Chartered  in  1779.  It  has  2  stores,  4  forges,  1 
tannery,  1  paper  fac,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $20,600.  4  sch.  209  scholars.  Pop. 
633. 

Fair  Haven,  p-t.,  Bristol  co.,  Ms.,  59  s.  by  E. 
Boston,  436  W.  It  is  situated  opposite  to  New 
Bedford,  across  Acushnett  r.,  over  which  is  a 
bridge  3,960  feet  long.  Incorporated  in  1812. 
The  v.  contains  3  churches — 1  Baptist,  1  Congre- 
gational, and  1  Methodist — a  bank  and  an  insur- 
ance office.  It  has  considerable  shipping,  much 
of  which  is  employed  in  the  whale  fishery. 
There  are  in  the  t.  31  stores,  cap.  $50,150;  i 
lumber  yard,  cap.  $15,000 ;  2  woollen  fac,  2  cot- 
ton fac.  1,760  sp.,  1  acad.  40  students,  22  sch. 
1,193  scholars.    Pop.  3,951. 

Fair  Haven,  p-v.,  New  Haven  and  East 
Haven  ts.,  New  Haven  co.,  Ct.,  38  s.  Hartford, 
302  W.  Situated  on  both  sides  of  Quinnipiac 
r.,  over  which  is  a  bridge,  2  e.  New  Haven  C. 
H.  It  contains  2  churches — 1  Congregational 
and  1  Methodist— a  flourishing  academy,  and 
about  1,000  inhabitants.  It  has  been  built  up 
chiefly  by  the  oyster  trade,  of  which  it  exports 
great  quantities  in  the  winter  season. 

Fair  Haven,  p-v.,  Israel  t.,  Preble  co.,  O.,  112 
w.  by  s.  Columbus,  505  W.  It  contains  1  store, 
30  dwellings,  and  about  150  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  vicinity  a  splendid  Presbyterian  church, 
and  a  steam  saw  m. 

Fair  Haven,  p-v.,  Clinton  co.,  Iowa. 

Fairhaven  Furnace,  p-o.,  Humphreys  co., 
Tenn.,  70  w.  Nashville,  754  W. 

Fair  Hill,  p-o.,  Marshall  co.,  Va.,  354  n.  w. 
Richmond,  261  W. 

Fairlee,  p-t.,  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  38  s.  e.  Mont- 
pelier, 506  W.  The  surface  is  rough  and  moun- 
tainous, and  much  of  it  is  unfit  for  cultivation.  A 
bridge  across  Connecticut  r.  connects  it  with  Ox- 
ford, N.  H.  Chartered  in  1761.  The  timber  is 
mostly  pine  and  hemlock.    It  lias  2  stores,  cap. 


FAI 


206 


FAL 


Cap.  in  manufac. 
Pop.  644. 


$1,000;  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m 
ft]  175     6  sch.  245  scholars. 

F  r>iont,  p-t.,  Luzerne  co.  Pa.  It  has  4  saw 
ra  Cap  m  manufac.  $l,75a  3  sch.  112  scho - 
ars.    Pop.  594.    The  post-office  is  called  *air- 

tSSp-o,  Pickens  dist.,  S.  C,  151  w.  n. 
w.  Columbia,  566  W.  "     .,  „., 

Furplay,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,Ga.,  51  N.  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  635  W.  ;  . 

Airplay,  p-v,  Greene  co.,  la,  77  s.  w.  In- 
dianapolis, 644  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
White  r,  and  has  1  store,  a  steam  mill,  and  10  or 

^yIik^S]  p-o.,  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  102  w.  Madi- 
son, 892  W. 
Fair  Pleasant,  p-o.,  Monroe  co,  O. 
Fairport,  p-v,  Elmira  t,  Chemung  co,  JN.  Y  , 
192  s.  w.  Albany,  285  W.  Situated  on  the  Che- 
mung canal,  at  the  junction  of  the  feeder,  6  ms 
above  Elmira.  It  contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1 
Methodist  church,  8  stores,  6  warehouses,  1  grist 
m,  2  tanneries,  90  dwellings,  and  about  500  in 
habitants, 

Fairport,  p-v,  Pamsville  t.,  Lake  co,u,  wo 
N.  e.  Columbus,  352  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  bank 
of  Grand  r,  at  its  mouth.  It  has  a  good  harbor 
for  lake  vessels,  and  is  connected,  3  ms.  by  a 
railroad,  with  Painesville,  of  which  it  is  the  port. 
It  has  considerable  business,  and  has  a  city 
charter,  though  it  is  not  a  large  village. 

Fairport,  t,  Ashtabula  co,  O.  It  has  5  sch. 
185  scholars.    Pop.  641. 

Fairton,  p-v,  Fairfield  t,  Cumberland  co,  N. 
J,  71  s.  by  w.  Trenton,  182  W.  Situated  at  the 
junction  of  Mill  cr.  and  Rattlesnake  run,  which 
flow  into  Cohansey  cr.  It  contains  a  Methodist, 
and  near  it  a  Presbyterian  church,  2  stores,  40 
dwellings,  and  about  240  inhabitants.  A  bed  of 
marl  is  found  here,  which  adds  to  the  fertility  of 
the  land. 

Fairview,  p-o,  Farmersville  t.,  Cattaraugus 
co,  N.  Y,  270  w.  Albany,  337  W. 

Fairview,  p-t,  Erie  co.  Pa,  267  N.  w.  Har- 
risburg,  342  W.  Bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake 
Erie.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  gravelly  loam. 
Watered  by  Walnut  and  Elk  creeks.  The  v. 
is  situated  at  the  mouth  of  Walnut  cr,  on  Lake 
Erie.  There  are  in  the  t,  1  store,  cap.  $3,000 ; 
1  paper  fac,  2  grist  m,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac $17,000.  10  sch.  278  scholars.  Pop.  1,481. 
Fairview,  t,  York  co.  Pa,  17  n.  w.  York. 
Surface,  partly  hilly ;  soil,  calcareous  loam  and 
gravel.  Watered  by  Yellow  Breeches,  Fishing, 
and  Newberry  creeks.  It  has  2  tanneries,  10 
distilleries,  1  flouring  m,  3  grist  m,  3  saw  m,  1 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $51,900.  12  sch.  370 
scholars.    Pop.  1,993. 

Fairview,  p-v,  Brooke  co,  Va.,  354  N.  w. 
Richmond,  267  W.  Situated  2  miles  e.  of  Ohio 
r,  and  4  w.  Pa.  line.  It  contains  2  Presbyterian 
churches,  2  stores  ,2  tanneries,  various  mechanics, 
4  flouring  m,  and  about  200  inhabitants.  It  is 
also  called  New  Manchester. 

Fairview,  p-v.  Buncombe  co,  N.  C,  245  w. 
Raleigh,  482  W. 

Fairview,  p-v,  Greenville  dist,  S.  C,  88  n. 
w.  Columbia,  514  W. 

Fairview,  p-v,  Oxford  t,  Guernsey  co,  O,  95 
K.  Columbus,  298  W. 

Fairview,  p-v,  Fulton  county,  111,  83  n.  w. 
Springfield,  809  W. 

Fairview,  p-o,  Pontotoc  co.  Miss,  187  n.  n. 
B.  Jackson,  889  W. 

Fairview,  p-o,  Pettis  co.  Mo,  80  w.  Jeffer- 
eon  city.  1,016  W. 
Fairville,  p-v,  Arcadia  t,  Wayne  co,  N.  Y,  |  water  power 


192  w.  Albany,  363  W.  It  contains  I  Methodist 
church,  2  stores,  25  dwellings,  and  about  125 
inhabitants. 

Faison's  Depot,  p-o,  Duplin  co,  N.  C,  70  s. 
e.  Raleigh,  300  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  Raleigh 
and  Wilmington  railroad. 

Falkland,  p-o,  Pitt  co,  N.  C,  91  e.  Raleigh, 
277  W. 

Fall  Branch,  p-o,  Washington  co,  Tenn, 
274  e.  Nashville,  414  W. 

Falley's  Cross  Roads,  p-o,  Hampden  co. 
Mass,  109  w.  s.  w.  Boston,  376  W. 

Falling  Bridge,  p-o,  Campbell  co,  Va,  102 
w.  s.  w.  Richmond,  202  W. 

Falling  Creek,  p-o,  Wayne  co,  N.  C,  61 
s.  e.  Raleigh,  291  W. 

Falling  Spring,  p-o,  Greenbrier  co,  Va, 
232  w.  Richmond,  267  W. 

Falling  Waters,  p-o,  Berkeley  co,  Va,  178 
n.  Richmond,  80  W.-  Situated  on  the  bank  of 
the  Potomac,  at.  a  singular  bend  in  the  r.  It  con- 
tains 1  flouring  m,  and,  in  the  vicinity,  1  Presby- 
terian and  2  Methodist  churches. 

Fallowfield,  Crawford  co.  Pa.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly;  soil,  gravelly.  It  has  14  stores, 
cap.  $29,700  ;  1  fulling  m,  2  distilleries,  3  grist  m, 
7sawm.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,305.    Pop.  1,673. 

Fall  River,  p-t,  port  of  entry,  Bristol  co. 
Mass,  51  s.  Boston,  418  W.  Situated  on  both 
sides  of  Fall  r,  at  its  entrance  into  Mount  Hope 
bay,  a  branch  of  Narraganset  bay.  Fall  river 
consists  of  the  outlet  of  Watuppa  pond,  which  is 
11  miles  long  and  1  broad,  2  miles  e.  of  the  town, 
and  is  an  unfailing  stream.  It  falls  140  feet 
within  100  rods,  and  affords  a  splendid  water 
power.  The  v.  contains  8  churches— 1  Congre- 
gational, 1  Episcopal,  1  Christian,  1  Baptist,  1 
Friends,  1  Methodist,  1  Unitarian,  and  1  Roman 
Catholic— 2  banks  and  an  insurance  office.  It 
has  considerable  shipping  employed  in  the  whale 
fishery.  There  are  in  the  t.  58  stores,  capital 
$105,000;  4  lumber  yards,  cap.  $15,000 ;  1  fur- 
nace, 1  large  iron  works,  2  print  works,  6  fulling 
ra,  1  woollen  fac,  9  cotton  fac.  32,680  sp,  2  tan- 
neries, 1  pottery,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
newspapers,  3  grist  m,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  nianuf. 
$1,436,300.  22  sch.  1,020  scholars.  Pop.  6,738. 
Fall  Run,  p-o,  Harrison  co,  Va,  248  n.  w. 
Richmond,  234  W. 

Falls,  p-t,  Wyoming  co.  Pa,  153  s.  e.  liar- 
risburg,  257  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  E.  side  of 
the  Susquehanna  r.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and 
in  part  mountainous.  The  soil  is  productive  in 
grain,  grass,  and  lumber.  Watered  by  Butter- 
milk Falls  c,  which  has  a  perpendicular  fall  of 
30  feet.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $18,400  ;  2  grist  m, 
9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,900.  8  sch.  295 
scholars.     Pop.  2,108. 

Falls,  t,  Bucks  co.  Pa,  25  n.  e.  Philadelphia. 
It  derives  its  name  from  the  falls  of  the  Dela- 
ware r,  opposite  to  Trenton.  The  surface  is  roll- 
ing ;  soil,  foam  and  sand.  Watered  by  Penn^s 
and  Scott's  creeks.  A  bridge  connects  this 
ce  with  Trenton.  It  has  4  stores,  capital 
$13,500 ;  1  flouring  m,  2  grist  m.  Cap.  m  manu- 
fac. $10,000.    5  sch.  172  scholars.    Pop.  2,058. 

Falls,  t,  Hocking  co,  O.  It  contains  the 
v.  of  Logan,  the  capital  of  the  co.  It  has  2  sch. 
40  scholars.    Pop.  1,625. 

Falls,  p-o,  Lincoln  co,  N.  C,  191  w.  by  s. 
Raleigh,  428  W.  ^  „    .m 

Fallsburgh,  p-t,  Sullivan  co,  N.  Y,  197  s. 
w.  Albany,  304  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil, 
gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  Neversink  r,  and 
head  branches  of  Roundout  cr.  The  v.  is  situ- 
I  ated  on  Neversink  r,  which  here  affords  good 
It  has  2  stores,  1  tannery,  1  grist 


FAN 


207 


FAR 


m.,  3  saw  m.,  20  dwellings,  and  about  125  in- 
habitants. There  are  in  the  t.,  6  stores,  cap. 
$35,400 ;  3  tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  19  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  raanufac.  $125,391.  13  sch.  359  scholars. 
Pop.  1,782. 

Fallsburg,  p-t.,  Licking  co.,  O.,  65  n.  e. 
Columbus,  363  W.  Situated  in  the  n.  e.  corner 
of  the  county.    Pop.  910. 

Falls  of  Schuylkill,  p-o.,  Philadelphia  co., 
Pa.,  101  e.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  142  W. 

Falls  of  St.  Croix,  p-o.,  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis. 

Fallston,  p-t.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  229  w.  by  n. 
Harrisburg,  255  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank  of 
Big  Beaver  r.,  which  affords  good  water  power. 
It  nas  a  Friends  church  and  an  academy.  In- 
corporated in  1829.     It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $17,300 ; 

1  furnace,  2  scythe  fac,  2  fulling  m.,  2  woollen 
fee,  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  4  gnst  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,925.  1  sch.  40  sch.   Pop.  565. 

Fallstown,  p-v.,  Iredell  co.,  N.  C,  151  w. 
Raleigh,  388  W. 

Falls  Village,  p-v.,  Canaan  t.,  Litchfield  co., 
Ct.,  45  w.  n.  w.  Hartford,  337  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  the  Housatonic  r.,  a  little  below  the 
Great  Falls.  It  contains  a  forge  and  an  anchor 
shop. 

Falmouth,  p-t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  6  n. 
Portland,  45  s.  w.  Augusta,  550  W.  Watered 
by  Presumscut  river.  The  soil  is  generally  fer- 
tile. Incorporated  in  1718,  and  included,  with 
the  city  of  Portland,  in  Falmouth.  It  has  a  con- 
siderable number  of  vessels  employed  in  the 
coasting  and  fishing  trade.  It  has  7  stores,  cap. 
$2,250 ;  1  tannery,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$2,281.  1  acad.  54  students,  18  sch.  647  scholars. 
Pop  2,589. 

Falmouth,  p-t.,  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  75  s.by 
E.  Boston,  465  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  s.  w. 
point  of  Cape  Cod,  between  Buzzard's  bay  and 
Vineyard  sound.  The  soil  is  light,  but  the  most 
fertile  on  the  cape.  It  has  several  good  harbors, 
of  which  the  best  is  Wood's  Hole,  in  the  s.  w. 
part  of  the  t.,  which  has  from  3  to  6  fathoms  of 
water.  Two  small  streams  in  the  t.  afford  water 
power.  It  has  some  manufactures,  but  more 
shipping,  much  of  which  is  employed  in  the 
coasting  trade  and  the  fisheries.  There  were  in 
1840,  38,180  bush,  of  salt  produced,  and  $150,000 
invested  in  the  fisheries ;  16  stores,  cap.  $29,500 ; 

2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $2,500;  2  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fee,  1  tannery,  5  grist  m.  Cap.  m  man- 
ufac. $39,150 ;  1  acad.  20  students,  13  sch.  837 
scholars.    Pop.  2,071. 

Falmouth,  p-v.,  Donegal  t.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa., 
15  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  117  W.  Situated  on  the 
Susquehanna  r.,  at  the  junction  of  Conewago  cr., 
opposite  to  York  Haven.  It  contains  20  dwell- 
ings and  about  125  inhabitants. 

Falmouth,  p-v.,  Stafford  co.,  Va.,  64  N.  Rich- 
mond, 55  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of  Rap- 
pahannock r.,  at  the  foot  of  the  Falls,  nearly  op- 
posite to  Fredericksburg.  A  bridge  here  crosses 
the  Rappahannock  river.  It  contains  1  church, 
free  to  all  denominations,  13  stores,  3  flouring  m., 
producing  30,000  barrels  annually,  3  grist  m., 
various  mechanic  shops,  80  dwellings,  and  about 
500  inhabitants. 

Falmouth,  p-v.,  capital  of  Pendleton  co.,  Ky., 
40  s.  s.  e.  Cincinnati,  60  n.  e.  Frankfort,  514  W. 
Situated  at  the  junction  of  a  main  s.  w.  branch 
with  Licking  r.  It  contains  a  court  house  and 
several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Fancy  Farm,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  111.,  170  s.  by 
E.  Springfield,  801  W. 

Fancy  Hill,  p-o.,  Rockbridge  co.,  Va.,  164  w. 
by  n.  Richmond,  206  W.  It  contains  1  store  and 
several  dwellings. 


Fancy  Hill,  po,  Iredell  co.,  N.  C,  151  w. 
Raleigh,  388  W. 

Fannet,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  16  n.  Chambers- 
burg.  The  surface  is  mountainous ;  soil,  cal- 
careous loam  and  slate.  Watered  by  Tuscarora 
cr.  It  has  Tuscarora  Mountain  on  its  w.  border. 
It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $10,100;  2  tanneries,  6  grist 
m.,  8  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,300. 
8  sch.  275  scholars.    Pop.  1,858. 

Fannettsburg,  p-v.,  Metal  t.,  Franklin  co.f 
Pa.,  59  s.  by  w.  Harrisburg,  107  W.  Situated  on 
the  w.  branch  of  Conecocheague  cr.  It  contains 
about  25  dwellings. 

Farley,  p-o.,  Culpepper,  co.,  Va.,  107  n.  by 
W.Richmond,  91  W. 

Farlow's  Grove,  p-o.,  Mercer  co.,  Bl.,  148  n. 
w.  Springfield,  878  W. 

Farm  Hill,  Poinsett  co.,  Ark. 

Farmer,  p-o.,  (in  Farmersville  v.,)  Seneca  co., 
N.  Y.,  180  w.  Albany,  313  W.  The  v.  is  on  ele- 
vated ground,  and  contains  2  churches,  5  stores, 
70  dwellings,  and  about  450  inhabitants. 

Farmer,  t.,  Williams  co.,  O.  It  has  2  sch.  27 
scholars.    Pop.  281. 

Farmers,  p*o.,  Meriwether  co.,  Ga.,  107  w. 
Milledgeville,  726  W. 

Farmers  Creek,  p-o.,  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  54 
N.Detroit,  577  W. 

Farmers  Grove,  p-o.,  Southampton  co.,  Va., 
58  s.  by  e.  Richmond,  177  W. 

Farmers  Mills,  p-o.,  Kent  t,  Putnam  co. 
N.Y. 

Farmers  Valley,  p-o.,  McKean  co.,  Pa. 

Farmersville,  p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.  Y., 
279  w.  by  s.  Albany,  332  W.  Situated  on  ele- 
vated ground,  dividing  the  waters  which  flow  N 
into  Lake  Erie,  e.  into  Genesee  r.,  and  s.  into 
Alleghany  r.  The  v.  contains  2  churches,  1 
store,  20  dwellings,  and  about  125  inhabitants. 
There  are  in  the  t,  1  store,  cap.  $4,000 ;  2  tan- 
neries, 1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,700.  12 
sch.  446  scholars.     Pop.  1,294. 

Farmersville,  p-o.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa., 
166  n.  by  e.  Harrisburg,  273  W. 

Farmersville,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  O.,  86 
w.  Columbus,  479  W. 

Farmersville,  p-o.,  Lowndes  co.,  Ala.,  114  s. 
e.  Tuscaloosa,  875  W. 

Farmersville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Union  parish, 
La.,  333  n.  w.  New  Orleans,  1,223  W.  Situated 
on  the  n.  side  of  the  Bayou  D'Arbonne.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house  and  several  dwellings. 

Farmingham,  p-o.,  Barre  t.,  Orleans  co.,  N. 
Y.,  250  w.  by  n.  Albany,  394  W. 

Farmington,  p-t.,  and  capital  of  Franklin  co., 
Me.,  32  n.  w.  Augusta,  621  W.  The  v.  is  situ- 
ated at  the  junction  of  Sandy  and  Little  Nor- 
ridgewock  rivers,  which  afford  good  water  power. 
The  t.  was  incorporated  in  1794,  and  has  a  good 
soil,  well  adapted  to  the  production  of  wheat. 
It  has  19  stores,  cap.  $47,725 ;  1  fulling  m.,  4  tan- 
neries, 2  potteries,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper,  5  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $20,403.     19  sch.  758  scholars.    Pop.  2,613. 

Farmington,  p-t.,  Strafford  co.,  N.  H.,  38  e. 
n.  E.  Concord,  513  W.  Incorporated  in  1798. 
Watered  by  Cocheco  r.  The  surface  is  uneven 
and  mountainous.  Near  the  v.  is  a  rock  weigh- 
ing 60  or  80  tons,  so  balanced  as  to  be  slightly 
moveable  by  the  hand.  It  has  5  stores,  cap. 
$8,700 ;  3  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $5,850.  17  sch.  428  scholars.  Pop.  1,380. 

Farmington,  p-t.,  Hartford  co.,  Ct.,  9  w.  by  s. 
Hartford,  331  W.  The  soil  on  Farmington  r., 
which  waters  it,  is  excellent,  and  the  t.  is  rich  in 
its  agricultural  products,  though  much  of  the  soil 
is  light  and  sandy.    Incorporated  in  1645.     It  is 


FAR 


208 


FAY 


situated  between  2  mountain  ridges,  running  N. 
N  k  and  s.  s.  w.  The  v.  is  situated  on  an  ele- 
vated plain,  at  the  base  of  the  E.  range,  and  lies 
chiefly  on  one  extended  street,  containing  a  Con- 
gregational and  Methodist  church,  a  flourishing 
academy,  and  about  100  dwellings,  many  of 
them  elegant.  The  t.  has  a  school  fund  of 
$10,000,  besides  what  it  receives  from  the  state 
fund.  The  Farmington  canal,  extending  from 
New  Haven  to  Northampton,  Mass.,  passes 
through  it.  There  are  in  the  t.,  8  stores,  cap. 
$37,000  ;  1  paper  fac,  3  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap. 
m  manufac.  $39,500.    11  sch.  558  scholars.    Pop. 

2,041.  .  ^T    ,r     nAr 

Farmington,  p-t.,  Ontario  co.,  N.  Y.,  205 
w.  Albany,  351  W.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil, 
generally  stiff  clay,  difficult  of  cultivation,  but 
productive.  Drained  by  Mud  cr.,  which  enters 
Canandaigua  outlet,  and  affords  water  power. 
The  Auburn  and  Rochester  railroad  passes 
through  the  s.  w.  corner  of  the  t.  Large  tracts 
of  water  limestone  are  found  here.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $8,500  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $69,427.  1  acad.  40  students, 
16  sch.  740  scholars.    Pop.  2,122. 

Farmington,  t.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $7,000  ;  1  furnace,  2  grist  m.,  7  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,300.  1  sch.  18  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  799. 

Farmington,  p-o.,  Fayette  co.,  Pa. 

Farmington,  t.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  grist 
m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,700.  4  sch. 
84  scholars.    Pop.  503. 

Farmington,  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  166  n.  e. 
Columbus,  317  W.  It  lies  on  the  head  waters  of 
Grand  r.  It  has  1  acad.  179  students,  10  sch.  400 
scholars.    Pop.  1,172. 

Farmington,  p-t.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  20  n. 
w.  Detroit,  542  W.  Watered  by  the  N.  branch 
of  Rouge  r.,  and  Power's  cr.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $16,350 ;  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  2  flouring 
m.,  2  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$13,400.    18  sch.  471  scholars.    Pop.  1,684. 

Farmington,  p-v.,  capital  of  Van  Buren  co., 
Iowa.  It  is  pleasantly  located,  and  surrounded 
by  a  fine  agricultural  country,  which  abounds 
with  iron  ore,  coal,  and  building  stone. 

Farmington,  p-v.,  Davie  co.,  N.  C,  133  w. 
Raleigh,  344  W. 

Farmington,  p-v  .  Marshall  co.,  Tenn.,  54  s. 
Nashville,  698  W.  It  is  on  a  branch  of  Duck  r., 
and  has  1  Cumberland  Presbyterian  church,  and 
100  inhabitants. 

Farmington,  p-v.,  Clarke  co.,  Ga.,  62  n.  by 
w.  Milledgeville,  620  W. 

Farmington,  p-v.,  Fulton  co.,  111.,  78  n.  w. 
Springfield,  809  W.  It  is  in  the  n.  e.  corner  of 
the  county,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  rich,  rolling 
prairie. 

Farmington,  p-o.,  Tishemingo  co.,  Miss.,  248 
E.  n.  e.  Jackson,  845  W. 

*,Far™NGT0M"v'  caPital  of  st-  Francis  co., 
Mo.,  139  s.  e.  Jefferson  city,  901 W.  It  is  on  the 
head  waters  of  Big  River,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  6  stores,  3  churches— 1  Baptist,  1 
Roman  Catholic,  and  1  Methodist— 2  schools,  and 
250  inhabitants. 

Farmington  Falls,  p-v.,  Farmington  t., 
Franklin  co.,  Me.,  27  n.  w.  Augusta,  618  W. 
Situated  on  Sandy  r.,  5  ms.  above  Farmington  v.j 
and  contains  a  flourishing  academy. 

Farmville,  p-v.,  Prince  Edward  co.,  Va.,  70 
w.  s.  w.  Richmond,  160  W.     Situated  on  the  s 


tories,  employing  250  persons,  various  mechanic 
shops,  and  about  900  inhabitants.  Batteaux 
navigate  the  r.,  to  Petersburg,  at  all  seasons  of 
the  year. 

Farnham,  p-o.,  Richmond  co.,  Va.,  69  s.  E. 
Richmond,  128  W. 

Farnumsville,  p-v.,  Northbridge  t.,  Worces- 
ter co.,  Mass.,  39  w.  s.  w.  Boston,  496  W. 

Farrandsville,  p-v.,  Clinton  co.,  Pa.,  115  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  207  W.  Situated  on  the  N.  side 
of  the  w.  branch  of  the  Susquehanna  r.  It  con- 
tains several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Farrell  Place,  p-o.,  Clinton  co.,  N.  Y.,  174 
N.  Albany,  549  W. 

Far  Rockaway,  v.,  Hempstead  t.,  Queens 
co.,  N.  Y.  Situated  on  a  peninsula,  between  Ja- 
maica bay  and  the  Atlantic,  and  contains  1  Meth- 
odist church  and  about  25  dwellings.  One  mile 
w.  is  the  Marine  Pavilion  and  Rock  Hall,  two 
splendid  boarding  houses.  The  former,  near  the 
beach,  is  one  of  the  most  fashionable  watering 
places  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York. 

Farrowsville,  p-o.,  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  127  N. 
Richmond,  70  W. 

Far  View,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  Ky.,  137  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  661  W. 

Far  West,  p-o.,  Johnson  co.,  la.,  15  s.  Indian- 
apolis, 586  W. 

Far  West,  p-v.,  capital  of  Caldwell  co.,  Mo., 
169  n.  w.  Jefferson  city,  1,072  W.  It  is  1  mile  s. 
of  Shoal  cr.,  and  30  n.  of  the  Missouri  r.  Pop. 
500.  This  place  was  originally  settled  by  the 
Mormons,  who  were  driven  hence  by  force,  by 
the  state  authorities. 

Farensdale,  p-o.,  Marengo  co.,  Ala. 

Fauquier,  county,  Va.,  situated  toward  the  n. 
e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  720  square  ms. 
Drained  by  head  branches  of  the  Rappahannock 
and  the  Ocoquan  rivers.  The  surface  is  pleas- 
antly diversified,  and  the  soil  moderately  produc- 
tive. Capital,  Warrenton.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  26,184,  sheep  35,055,  swine  36,573 ; 
wheat  362,227  bush,  produced,  rye  34,576,  Ind. 
corn  670,275,  buckwheat  6,454,  oats  305,661,  pota- 
toes 56,650,  hops  626  pounds,  tobacco  54,478,  silk 
cocoons  74  ;  52  stores,  cap.  $381,100  ;  1  fulling 
m.,  1  woollen  fac,  19  tanneries,  14  distilleries,  24 
flouring  m.,  76  grist  m.,  45  saw  m.,  2  printing  of- 
fices, 1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$126,384.  9  acad.  313  students,  40  sch.  1,208 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  10,501,  slaves  10,708,  free 
col'd  688 ;  total,  21,897. 

Fausse  Riviere,  a  lake  of  La.,  formerly  the 
bed  of  the  Mississippi,  until  about  1714,  when  the 
river  took  a  shorter  course,  and  filling  up  the  old 
channel,  near  its  junction  with  the  new,  left  the 
remainder  an  extended  lake.  The  banks  consist 
of  a  very  fertile  soil,  covered  with  fine  farms. 

Fawcetts  Store,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C,  70 
n.  w.  Raleigh,  290  W. 

Fawn  Grove,  p-t.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  49  s.  E.  Har- 
risburg. It  extends  from  Muddy  cr.  to  the  Mary- 
land line.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $3,100  ;  1  tanne- 
ry, 4  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $25,330. 
4  sch.  80  scholars.    Pop.  859. 

Fawn  River,  t.,  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
220. 

Fayette,  county,  Pa.  Situated  in  the  s.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  824  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  in  the  e.  part  is  mountainous,  having  Lau- 
rel Hill  and  Chesnut  Ridge.  The  soil  is  fertile, 
and  well  cultivated.  Coal,  iron  ore,  and  salt 
springs  are  found.  There  are  also  sulphur  springs. 
Monongahela  r.  flows  on  its  w.  boundary.  Water- 


side of  Appomattox  r.  Incorporated  in  1832.  It  led  by  Youghiogheny  r.,  and  Brown's,  Dunlap 
has  2  churches— 1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist  Redstone,  and  Cook's  creeks.  At  the  Ohiopile 
—2  large  tobacco  warehouses,  and  5  tobacco  fac-  ]  falls,  the  Youghiogheny  r.  descends  60  feet  in  the 


FAY 


209 


FAY 


space  of  a  mile.  Capital,  Union.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  30,237,  sheep  54,007,  swine 
30,568 ;  wheat  334,297  bush,  produced,  rye  27,226, 
Ind.  corn  551,114,  buckwheat  20,566,  oats  560,172, 

Eotatoes  98,118,  bituminous  coal  1,350,610;  lo- 
acco  7,140  pounds,  silk  cocoons  90,  sugar  84,551 ; 
107  stores,  cap.  $426,060 ;  9  furnaces,  3  forges,  4 
fulling  m.,  6  woollen  fac,  30  tanneries,  17  distil- 
leries, 1  brewery,  6  glass  foe,  1  glass  cutting  es- 
tablishment, 6  potteries,  16  flouring  m.,  61  grist 
m.,  139  saw  m.,  4  oil  m.,  4  paper  foe,  4  printing 
offices,  1  bindery,  2  periodicals,  4  weekly  news- 
papers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $369,983.  1  college, 
1 19  students,  103  schools,  2,973  scholars.  Pop. 
33,574. 

Fayette,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state.  Watered  by  Newr.,  a  main  branch 
•  of  Great  Kanawha  r.  This  r.  is  exceedingly  rap- 
id and  precipitous.  Gauley  r.,  the  other  constitu- 
ent branch  of  the  Great  Kanawha,  runs  on  the 
line  of  the  co.  a  few  miles.  Clear  and  March 
forks  of  Coal  r.  rise  in  this  county.  The  surface 
is  mountainous,  and  the  soil  sandy  loam.  On 
New  r.,  2  ms.  from  Fayetteville,  is  Long  Point, 
which  projects  into  the  r.,  the  top  of  which  con- 
sists of  a  flat  rock,  covering  2  acres,  elevated 
1,500  feet  above  the  level  of  the  water.  At  6 
ms.  from  the  v.  is  Hawk's  Nest,  or  Marshall's 
Pillar,  a  naked,  perpendicular  rock,  1,100  feet 
above  New  r.  There  are  several  interesting  re- 
mains of  ancient  fortifications  in  this  co.  Capi- 
tal, Fayetteville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 4,286,  sheep  4,594,  swine  6,537;  wheat  11,125 
bush,  produced,  rye  4,481,  Ind.  corn  104,672,  oats 
63,957,  potatoes  14,754 ;  8  stores,  cap.  $20,700 ; 
4  tanneries,  26  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $30,075.  Pop.  whites  3,773,  slaves  133,  free 
col'd  18  ;  total,  3,924. 

Fayette,  county,  O.  Situated  a  little  s.  w. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  415  sq. 
ms.  The  surface  is  generally  level ;  soil,  mode- 
rately good.  Drained  by  Deer  and  Paint  creeks. 
First  settled  in  1805,  from  Virginia  and  Kentucky. 
Capital,  Washington.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  15,642,  sheep  22,680,  swine  31,714  ;  wheat 
144,335  bushels  produced,  rye  6,328,  Indian  corn 
604,506,  buckwheat  1,325,  oats  99,047,  potatoes 
11,722,  sugar  14,051  pounds;  25  stores,  capital 
$91,045  ;  3  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  2  flouring  m., 
7  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  1  weekly 
newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,650.  75  sch. 
1,990  scholars.    Pop.  10,984. 

Fayette,  county,  Ga.  Siuated  a  little  N.  w. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  545  sq. 
ms.  Drained  by  the  head  streams  of  Flint  river. 
Surface,  level ;  soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Fayette- 
ville. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,582, 
sheep  2,390,  swine  13,466 ;  wheat  28,010  bush, 
produced,  Ind.  corn  228,957,  oats  17,902,  potatoes 
3,586,  tobacco  1,675  pounds,  cotton  1,980,113;  18 
stores,  cap.  $43,600 ;  8  distilleries,  3  flouring  m., 
7  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  periodical, 
1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,095. 
1  acad.  32  students,  3  sch.  324  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  4,827,  slaves  1,334,  free  col'd  30 ;  total, 
6,191. 

Fayette,  county,  Ala.  Situated  in  the  w. 
part  of  the  state,  toward  the  n.,  and  contains 
1,250  sq.  ms.  Drained  by  Sipsey  and  Battahatchy 
rivers,  and  Luxapatilla  cr.,  branches  of  Tombig- 
by  r.  Surface,  undulating ;  soil,  fertile.  Capital, 
Fayette  C.  H.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
10,517,  sheep  3,112,  swine  20,319;  wheat  22,852 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  283,640,  oats  12,328, 
potatoes  5,986,  cotton  612,895  pounds  ;  8  stores, 
cap.  $11,550  ;  2  tanneries,  14  distilleries,  20  grist 
m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  m  manufac.  $10,996.  13 
27 


sch.  273  scholars.  Pop.  wliites  5,961,  slaves  981 : 
total,  6,942. 

Fayette,  county,  Ky.  Situated  a  little  n.  e. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  275  sq.  ms. 
Kentucky  r.  runs  for  a  short  distance  on  the  s. 
border  of  the  county.  Drained  by  the  source*  of 
Elkhorn  r.  The  surface  is  an  elevated  table  land, 
from  which  the  streams  flow  in  all  directions,  but 
eventually  fall  into  Kentucky  r.  The  soil  is  ex- 
ceedingly fertile.  Capital,  Lexington.  Thero 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  19,431,  sheep  24,262, 
swine  41,894 ;  wheat  109,998  bush,  produced,  rye 
163,563,  Ind.  corn  1,006,959,  oats  135,648,  potatoes 
35,204,  flax  and  hemp  1,312  tons,  tobacco  52,900 
pounds,  sugar  665;  2  commission  houses,  cap 
$35,500;  73  stores,  cap.  $890,735;  3  woollen  foe, 
1  cotton  foe  2,300  sp.,  1  dyeing  and  printing  es- 
tablishment, 3  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  brewery, 
1  powder  m.,  21  rope  foe,  5  flouring  m.,  21  grist 
m.,  11  saw  m.,  2  paper  foe,  4  printing  offices,  1 
bindery,  7  periodicals,  3  weekly  and  2  semi- 
weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $685,740. 
1  college,  339  students,  7  acad.  253  students,  44 
sch.  1,325  scholars.  Pop.  whites  10,885,  slaves 
10,710,  free  col'd  599  ;  total,  22,194. 

Fayette,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  576  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Loosahatchy  and  Wolf  rivers.  The 
soil  is  excellent.  A  railroad  from  La  Grange,  in 
this  county,  extends  to  Memphis,  on  the  Missis- 
sippi r.,  and  a  branch  of  it  extends  to  Somerville. 
Capital,  Somerville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  18,164,  sheep  10,793,  swine  53,828;  wheat 
42,593  bush,  produced,  Indian  corn  887,590,' oats 
79,705,  potatoes  50,027,  tobacco  10,150  pounds, 
cotton  3,685,580;  36  stores,  cap.  $232,200 ;  3  tan- 
neries, 10  flouring  m.,  14  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.,  2 
printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $43,150.  6  acad.  215  students,  31  sch. 
786  scholars.  Pop.  whites  10,573,  slaves  10,885, 
free  col'd  43;  total,  21,501. 

Fayette,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  400  sq.  ms.  Rolling  in 
the  e.,  level  in  the  w.  part.  Most  fertile  to  the 
N.  and  E.  Drained  by  the  branches  of  White- 
water r.,  which  unite  in  the  centre  of  the  county, 
and  produce  an  immense  water  power.  Capital, 
Connersville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
9,257,  sheep  15,784,  swine  31,343 ;  wheat  70,439 
bush,  produced,  rye  7,989,  Ind.  corn  711,855,  oats 
123,815,  potatoes  16,794,  sugar  28,721  pounds;  21 
stores,  cap.  $29,800  ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  5 
distilleries,  2  flouring  m.,  6  grist  m.,  14  saw  m.,  2 
oil  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $60,513.  1  acad.  125  students, 
14  sch.  447  scholars.    Pop.  9,837. 

Fayette,  county,  111.  Situated  a  little  s.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  648  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  level,  and  contains  prairie  and 
woodland.  Drained  by  Kaskaskia  river  and  its 
branches.  The  lands  on  Kaskaskia  r.  are  liable 
to  be  overflowed,  and  often  contain  small  lakes 
and  ponds.  The  surface  around  Vandalia  is  un- 
dulating and  timbered,  but  the  soil  is  indifferent. 
Capital,  Vandalia.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  8,212,  sheep  4,652,  swine  17,439 ;  wheat 
16,906  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  252,330,  oats 
45,242,  potatoes  9,719,  tobacco  3,500  pounds ;  12 
stores,  cap.  $72,400;  1  tannery,  14  grist  m.,  8  saw 
m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  daily  newspapers.  Cap. 
in  manulae  $17,825.  10  sch.  280  scholars.  Pop. 
6,328. 

Fayette,  p-t.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  18  w.  n.  w. 
Augusta,  600  W.  Incorporated  in  1795.  Water- 
ed by  a  branch  of  Sandy  r.  It  has  a  good  soil, 
adapted  to  grain  and  to  grazing.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $7,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  1  grist  m., 


FAY 


210 


FEL 


4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,200.  9  sch.  386 
scholars.    Pop.  1,016.  -.     .      £. 

Fayette,  p-t.,  Seneca  co.,  N.  Y.,  178  w.  Al- 
bany, 334  W.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  pro- 
ductive. It  is  bounded  by  Cayuga  lake  en  the 
k.  and  Seneca  lake  on  the  w.  Seneca  r.  flows 
on  its  n.  w.  border,  and  several  small  tributa- 
ries enter  it  from  this  t.  Seneca  r.  and  Canoga 
cr.,  which  flows  from  a  warm  spring,  afford  wa- 
ter power.  Gypsum  and  limestone  are  found. 
It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $1,200 ;  1  tannery,  2  flouring 
m.,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $11,166.    9  sch.  430  scholars.     Pop.  3,731. 

Fayette,  v.,  and  port  of  entry,  Hanover  t., 
Chautauque  co.,  N.  Y.  Situated  at  the  mouth 
of  Silver  creek,  on  Lake  Erie.  It  contains  1 
church,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  clothier's  works,  1 
distillery,  and  a  good  steamboat  landing. 

Fayette,  v.,  Guilford  t.,  Chenango  co.,  N.  Y. 
It  contains  1  Episcopal  and  1  Methodist  church, 
3  stores,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  and  2  tanneries. 

Fayette,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  214  w.  Har- 
risburg,  239  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  loam. 
Coal  is  abundant.  Drained  by  branches  of 
Chartiers  cr.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $9,000  ;  3  tan- 
neries, 5  flouring  m.,  5  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $8,800.  14  sch.  420  scholars.  Pop. 
2,484. 

Fayette,  p-v.,  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  87  n.  e.  Annap- 
olis, 91  W. 

Fayette,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jefferson  co.,  Miss., 
80  s.  w.  Jackson,  25  n.  e.  Natchez,  1,091  W.  It 
is  very  pleasantly  situated,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  church,  and  several  neat  dwellings. 

Fayette,  t.,  Lawrence  co.,  O.  It  has  6  sch. 
115  scholars.    Pop.  842. 

Fayette,  t.,  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.  It  has  9  stores, 
cap.  $50,000 ;  1  printing  office,  3  weekly  news- 
papers, 2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$19,000.    3  sch.  181  scholars.     Pop.  807. 

Fayette,  p-v.,  capital  of  Howard  co.,  Mo.,  61 
N.  w.  Jefferson  city,  966  W.  Situated  on  the  E. 
side  of  Bonne  Femme  cr.  It  has  a  court  house, 
a  U.  S.  land  office,  a  college,  an  academy,  two 
churches,    15   stores,   and  1,000  inhabitants. 

Fayette,  p-v.,  Greene  co.,  III.,  57  s.  w.  Spring- 
field, 829  W.  P 

Fayette  Corner,  p-v.,  Fayette  co.,  Tenn., 
77  s.Nashville,  862  W. 

Fayette,  C.  H,  p-v.,  capital  of  Fayette  co., 
Ala.,  40  n.  w.  Tuscaloosa,  842  W.  Situated  2 
ms.  w.  of  Sipsey  r.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
and  several  dwellings. 

Fayetteville,  p-v.,  Newfane  t.,  capital  of 
Windham  co.,  Vt.,  115  s.  Montpelier,  434  W.  It 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a  Congregational 
church,  and  an  academy.  The  site  is  elevated, 
and  the  prospect  from  it  extensive  and  pictur- 
esque. 

xt  Fayetteville,  p-v.,  Manlius  t.,  Onondaga  co., 
N.  Y.,  123  w.  by  n.  Albany,  348  W.  Situated 
near  the  Erie  canal,  with  which  it  is  connected 
by  a  feeder.  It  contains  3  churches— 1  Presby- 
terian, 1  Baptist,  1  Methodist— an  academy,  6 
stores,  1  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  tannery,  120 
dwellings,  and  about  800  inhabitants. 

Fayetteville  p-v.,  Green  t.,  Franklin  co., 
Pa.,  52  w.  s.  w.  Harnsburg,  94  W.  Situated  on 
the  turnpike  from  Gettysburg  to  Chambersburg 
18  ms.  from  the  former,  and  9  from  the  latter. 

Fayetteville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Fayette  co 
Va.,  289  w.  Richmond,  326  W.    Situated  2  ms! 
w.  of  New  river,  a  little  above  its  junction  witli 
Gauley  r.  to  form  the  Great  Kanawha.     It  con- 
tains a  court  house  and  several  dwellings. 

Fayetteville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Cumberland 
co.,  N.  C,  is  situated  1  mile  from  the  w.  bank  of 


Cape  Fear  r.,  at  the  head  of  uninterrupted  boat 
navigation,  in  53°  3'  n.  lat,  79°  58'  w.  Ion.,  60  s. 
Raleigh,  95  n.  n.  w.  Wilmington,  159  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbia, 318  W.  Pop.  1820,  3,532  ;  1830,  2,868 ; 
1840,  4,285.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  with  streets 
100  feet  wide.  It  has  3  churches,  a  court  house, 
2  banks,  and  a  U.  S.  arsenal  of  construction.  Its 
trade  in  grain,  flour,  tobacco,  and  naval  stores,  is 
considerable.  In  1831,  a  most  disastrous  fire  de- 
stroyed a  considerable  portion  of  the  place,  which 
so  excited  the  sympathies  of  the  people  through- 
out the  United  States,  that  they  contributed  about 
$92,000  for  the  relief  of  the  sufferers.  The  place 
has  in  a  great  measure  recovered  from  the  disas- 
ter. There  were  in  1840,  52  stores,  cap.  $372,400; 
7  cotton  fac.  13,234  sp.,  1  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m., 
2  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $384,000.  4  acad. 
150  students,  4  sch.  95  scholars. 

Fayetteville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Fayette  co., 
Ga.,  85  w.  n.  w.  Milledgeville,  689  W.  Situated 
on  a  branch  of  Flint  r.  It  contains  a  courthouse, 
jail,  and  about  60  dwellings. 

Fayetteville,  p-v.,  Talladega  co.,  Ala.,  87 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  780  W. 

Fayetteville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Lincoln  co., 
Tenn.,  86  s.  Nashville,  716  W.  Situated  on  the 
n.  side  of  Elk  r.  It  contains  a  court  house  and 
several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Fayetteville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Washington 
co.,  Ark.,  196  n.  w.  Little  Rock,  1,185  W.  Situ- 
ated on  the  N.  w.  side  of  White  r.,  and  contains 
the  usual  county  buildings,  a  U.  S.  land  office, 
and  several  stores  and  dwellings.  The  t.  has  1 
sch.    Pop.  425. 

Fayetteville,  p-v.,  Perry  t,  Brown  eo.,  O., 
94  s.  w.  Columbus,  467  W. 

Fayetteville,  p-v.,  St.  Clair  co.,  111.,  100  s. 
Springfield,  810  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Kaskaskia  r.  It  has  an  elevated  and  pleasant 
situation.     It  was  long  known  as  Pulliam's  Ferry. 

Fayston,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  16  w.  g.  w. 
Montpelier.  The  surface  is  mountainous;  soil, 
along  the  streams,  fertile.  Watered  by  Mad  r. 
Chartered  in  1782.  It  has  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $2,075.  5  schools,  167  scholars.  Pop. 
635. 

Fearing,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  O.,  109  e.  s.  e. 
Columbus,  305  W.  Situated  on  the  main  waters 
of  Duck  creek.  The  surface  is  broken  and  hilly, 
but  the  soil  is  good  for  grain  and  grazing.  Duck  cr. 
affords  water  power.  It  has  7  sch.  274  scholars. 
Pop.  1,019. 

Fearn's  Springs,  p-o.,  Winston  co.,  Miss., 
108  n.  e.  Jackson,  906  W. 

Fearnsville,  p-o.,  Isle  of  Wight  co.,  Va. 

Feastersville,  p-o.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  115  s. 
Harrisburg,  155  W. 

Federalsburg,  p-v.,  Dorchester  co.,  Md.,  65 
s.  e.  Annapolis,  105  W.  Situated  on  Marshy 
Hope  cr. 

Federal  Store,  p-o.,  Dutchess  co.,  N.  Y.,  59 
s.  Albany,  326  W. 

Federalton,  p-v.,  Rome  t.,  Athens  co.,  O.,  92 
s.  E.  Columbus,  326  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side 
of  Hocking  r.,  at  the  mouth  of  Federal  cr. 

Feeding  Hills,  p-o.,  Hampden  co.,  Ms.,  97 
w.  by  s.  Boston,  359  W. 

Feesburgh,  p-o.,  Brown  co.,  O.,  112  s.  by  w. 
Columbus,  474  W. 

Felciiville,  p-o.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  64  s. 
Montpelier,  474  W. 

Feliciana,  p-v.,  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  294  w. 
Frankfort,  820  W. 

Felicity,  p-v.,  Franklin  t.,  Clermont  co.,  C\, 
118  s.  s.  w.  Columbus,  478  W.  Situated  4  ms. 
irom  Ohio  r.r  35  above  Cincinnati.     It  contains  2 


FIN 


211 


FIS 


brick  churches,  8  stores,  various  mechanic  shops, 

80  dwellings,  and  about  500  inhabitants.     It  is 
surrounded  by  a  rich  country. 

Felix,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  Mo.,  45  w.  Jefferson 
city,  981  W. 

Feltonsville,  p-v.,  Middlesex  CO.,  Ms.,  30 
Boston,  417  W. 

Felts  Mills,  p-v.,  Rutland  t.,  Jefferson  co., 
N.  Y.,  16-2  h.  w.  Albany,  424  W. 

Femme  Osage,  p-t.,  St.  Charles  co.,  Mo.,  82  E. 
Jefferson  city,  864  W.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the 
n.  bank  of  Missouri  r.,  and  is  an  old  French  set- 
tlement.   Fop.  of  the  1. 1,358. 

Fenner,  p-t.,  Madison  co.,  N.  Y.,  112  w.  by 
N.  Albany,  355  W.  The  surface  is  undulating  ; 
soil,  a  fertile  clay  and  gravelly  loam.  Drained 
by  Canaseraga  and  Chittenango  creeks.  It  has 
1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  2  grist  m.,  9  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  rnanufac.  $1,600.  13  sch.  396  scholars. 
Pop.  1,997. 

Fennersville,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  118  n. 
E.  Harrisburg,  209  W. 

Fen's  Bridge,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Ga.,  46  e. 
Milledgeville,  650  W. 

Fenter,  t.,  Hot  Spring  co.,  Ark.  It  has  5 
stores,  cap.  $2,450 ;  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Pop. 
679. 

Fenton,  p-v.,  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  137  E.  Jeffer- 
son city,  826  W.    Situated  on  the  Marrimec  r. 

Fentonville,  p-v.,  Fenton  t,  Genesee  co., 
Mich.,  57  R.  n.  w.  Detroit,  579  W.  It  contains  a 
store,  a  saw  m.,  and  several  mechanic  shops. 
Pop.  of  the  t.  660. 

1*  entress,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  560  sq.  ms.  Wa- 
tered by  branches  of  Obey's  r.  and  White  Oak 
cr.  Capital,  Jamestown.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  4,576,  sheep  2,990,  swine  12,656; 
wheat  8,973  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  125,380, 
oats  26,041,  potatoes  6,751,  tobacco  8,366  pounds, 
sugar  14,478  ;  3  stores,  cap.  $10,000 ;  1  woollen 
fac,  1  tannery,  17  distilleries,  14  grist  m.,  6  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,230.  Pop.  whites  3,465, 
slaves  80,  free  col'd  5 ;  total,  3,550. 

Fentriss,  p-o.,  Guilford  co.,  N.  C. 

Fernandina,  p-v.,  Nassau  co.,  Flor.,  313  e. 
Tallahassee,  776  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  part  of 
Amelia  Island.  It  has  the  best  harbor  s.  of  Ches- 
apeake bay.  It  contains  several  stores  and  neat 
dwellings. 

Ferguson,  t.,  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  lis.  Bellefonte. 
The  surface  is  mountainous  ;  soil,  in  the  valleys, 
calcareous  loam.  Drained  by  Spring  cr.  and  its 
branches.  Iron  ore  is  abundant.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $9,200 ;  3  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,700.  6  sch.  200  scholars. 
Pop.  1,254. 

Ferrisburg,  t.,  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  19  s.  Burling- 
ton, 34  w.  Montpelier.  Drained  by  Otter  cr.,  nav- 
igable 8  ms.  to  Vergennes,  Little  Otter  and  Lewis 
creeks,  which  afford  water  power.  Lake  Cham- 
plain  bounds  it  on  the  w.  The  surface  is  hilly 
n.,  level  to  the  w.  The  soil  is  very  fertile,  adapt- 
ed to  grain  and  to  grazing.  Bason  harbor  is  an 
excellent  port  on  Lake  Champlain,  which  has 
considerable  trade.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $3,000  ; 
1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m., 
3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,700.  1  acad. 
20  students,  11  sch.  293  scholars.    Pop.  1,755. 

Fetherolpville,  p-o.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  78  e. 
byN.  Harrisburg,  170  W. 

Fife,  p-o.,  Talladega  co.,  Ala.,  128  E.  Tusca- 
loosa, 745  W. 

Fife's,  p-o.,  Goochland  co.,  Va.,  43  w.  Rich- 
mond, 117  W. 

FiNCASTLE,p-v.,  capital  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va., 
175  w.  Richmond,  225  W.    Pleasantly  situated 


on  the  s.  B.  declivity  of  <  Catawba  valley.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  4  churches,  an  academy,  a 
printing  of  lice,  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper,  1 
flouring  m.,  a  carding  machine,  various  mechan- 
ic shops,  300  dwellings,  and  about  800  inhabit- 
ants. 

Fincastle,  p-v.,  Eagle  t.,  Brown  co.,  O.,  100 
s.  by  w.  Columbus,  465  W. 

Fincastle,  p-v.,  Campbell  eo.,  Tenn.,  206  E. 
by  n.  Nashville,  504  W.  It  is  6  ms.  n.  of  Powels 
r.,  and  contains  18  inhabitants. 

Finch,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  Wis.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $2,500 ;  2  sch.  21  scholars.     Pop.  143. 

Finchville,  p-o.,  New  Hope  t.,  Orange  co., 
N.  Y.,  115  s.  by  w.  Albany,  273  W. 

Finksburg,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  51  n.  w. 
Annapolis,  61  W. 

Findlay,  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  15  n.  w.  Pitts- 
burg. The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  loam.  Drained 
by  branches  of  Racoon  cr.  and  by  Monture's 
run.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $5,600 ;  3  tanneries,  2 
flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $4,400.  7  sch.  245  scholars.  Population, 
1,367. 

Findley,  p-t.,  capital  of  Hancock  co.,  O.,  90 
N.  w.  Columbus,  456  W.  The  v.  is  situated  on 
the  s.  side  of  Blanchard's  fork  of  Auglaize  r.  It 
was  laid  out  in  1823.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  2  stores,  50  dwellings,  and  469  inhabitants. 
There  are  in  the  t.  10  stores,  cap.  $29,250 ;  2  tan- 
neries, 1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  2 
rist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,777. 
sch.  96  scholars.  Pop.  554. 
Finleyville,  p-v.,  Peters  t.,  Washington  co., 
Pa.,  195  s.  w.  Harrisburg,  222  W. 

Finney's  Mills,  p-o.,  Amelia  co.,  Va.,  51  s. 
w.  Richmond,  170  W. 

Fireplace,  p-v.,  Brookhaven  t.,  Suffolk  co., 
N.  Y.,  212  s.  e.  Albany,  292  W.  Situated  on 
the  n.  of  Fireplace  Bay,  and  contains  about  25 
dwellings. 

Fishdam,  p-v.,  Wake  co.,  N.  C,  22  s.  w.  Ra- 
leigh, 282  W. 

Fishdam,  p-v.,  Union  dist.,  S.  C,  61  n.  w.  Co- 
lumbia, 467  W.     Situated  on  w.  side  of  Broad  r 
Fisher's,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.  C,  71  Raleigh, 
408  W. 

Fishersborough,  p-v.,  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  175 
w.  s.  w.  Richmond,  250  W. 
Fishersburgh,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  la. 
Fishersville,  p-v.,  Windham  co.,  Ct,  50  e. 
by  n.  Hartford,  386  W. 
Fishersville,  p-o.,  Augusta  co.,  Va. 
Fisher's  Island,  N.  Y.,  lies  off'  the  e.  end  of 
Long  Island,  14  ms.  from  the  shore.    It  is  8  ms. 
long  and  1  wide,  owned  by  one  proprietor,  and 
sustains  a  very  productive  dairy. 

Fish  House,  v.,  Northampton  t.,  Fulton  co., 
N.  Y.  Situated  on  Sacandaga  r.,  a  branch  of  the 
Hudson,  on  a  beautiful  plain,  and  has  1  church, 
7  stores,  40  dwellings,  and  about  250  inhabitants. 
Founded  by  Sir  William  Johnson,  who  here 
erected  a  house  for  fishing,  and  for  trading  with 
the  Indians. 

Fishing  Creek,  p-o.,  Cape  May  co.,  N.  J.,  sit- 
uated on  a  small  creek  of  the  same  name,  which 
flows  5  ms.  to  Delaware  bay. 

FisHiNG  Creek,  p-t.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  101  n. 
by  e.  Harrisburg,  212  W.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous; soil,  clay  and  gravel.  Watered  by 
Fishing  cr.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $1,700.  3  sch.  82  scholars.  Pop.  904. 
Fishing  Creek,  p-o.,  Tyler  co.,  Va. 
Fishkill,  p-t,  Dutchess  co.,  N.  I.,  88  s.  Al- 
bany. The  surface  is  undulating  N.,  mountain- 
ous s.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Watered  by 
Wappinger's  cr.  and  Fishkill  cr.,  which  flow  into. 


FLA 


212 


FLE 


the  Hudson  r.,  which  last  bounds  it  on  the  w. 
Jt  has  several  convenient  landings.  The  central 
v.  is  on  Fishkill  cr.,  5  ms.  e.  of  Mshkill  Landing. 
It  contains  3  churches,  an  academy,  8  stores, 
and  about  800  inhabitants.  The  t.  presents  much 
grand  and  picturesque  scenery.  It  has  29  stores, 
cap.  $98,600;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $6,000;  1 
fulling  ra.,  2  woollen  fac,  3  cotton  fac.  11,912  sp., 
5  tanneries,  7  flouring  m.,  6  grist  m.,  7  saw  m. 
Cap.  ill  manufac.  $817,050.  3  acad.  49  students, 
20  sch.  887  scholars.    Pop.  10,437. 

Fishkill  Landing,  p-v.,  Fishkill  t.,  Dutchess 
co.,  N.  Y.,  90  s.  Albany,  287  W.  It  is  situated  at 
the  entrance  of  Fishkill  cr.  into  Hudson  r.,  oppo- 
site to  Newburgh,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
a  steam  ferry.  It  contains  3  churches,  1  Dutch 
Reformed,  1  Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist,  10 
stores,  1  iron  foundry,  1  grist  m.,  and  1  machine 
shop  on  Fishkill  cr.,  which  affords  good  water 

Eower.    It  has  120  dwellings,  and  about  900  in- 
abitants. 

Fishkill  Plains,  p-o.,  Fishkill  t.,  Dutchess 
co.,  N.  Y.,  88  s.  Albany,  308  W. 

Fishkill  Mountains,  called  also  the  High- 
lands of  Hudson  r.,  or  Matteawan  mountains,  are 
composed  of  primitive  rocks,  and  may  be  regard- 
ed as  a  branch  of  the  Alleghany  mountains. 

Fishing  River,  t.,  Ray  co.,  Mo.  It  has  3 
schools.    Pop.  1,845. 

Fish  Point,  p-o.,  Rockcastle  co.,  Ky.,  85  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  553  W. 

Fish's  Mills,  p-o.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  164  n. 
E.  Augusta,  759  W. 

Fish's  Store,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Ga.,  38  s. 
E.  Milledgeville,  666  W. 

Fisksburg,  p-v.,  Kenton  Co.,  Ky.,  44  n.  n.  e. 
Frankfort,  512  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Licking  r. 

Fisksville,  p-v.,  Providence  co.,  R.  I.,  13  s. 
w.  Providence,  403  W. 

Fitchburg,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Ms.,  46  w.  n. 
w.  Boston,  423  W.  Chartered  in  1764.  Water- 
ed by  a  branch  of  Nashua  r.,  which  affords  a 
very  extensive  water  power,  and  on  which  are 
many  manufactories.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil, 
fertile.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $22,200 ;  12  fulling 
m.,  2  woollen  fac,  4  cotton  fac.  3,820  sp.,  1  tan- 
nery, 3  paper  fac,  1  printing  office,  2  binderies, 
1  weekly  newspaper,  2  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $188,155.  1  acad.  160 
students,  17  sch.  837  scholars.     Pop.  2,604. 

Fitchport,  p-v.,  Garrard  co.,  Ky.,  44  s.  s.  e. 
Frankfort,  542  W. 

Fitchville,  p-t.,  Huron  co.,  O.,  98  n.  by  E. 
Columbus,  389  W.  The  soil  is  productive,  and 
highly  cultivated  by  enterprising  farmers  from 
the  e.  The  village  contains  2  stores,  and  a  num- 
ber  °V^lmSs-  There  are  in  the  t.,  2  stores, 
cap.  $12,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  brewery.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $500.  9  sch.  320  scholars.  Pop.  L292. 
Fitzwilliam,  p-t.,  Cheshire  co.,  N.  H.,  60  s. 
w.  Concord,  428  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
rough,  but  much  of  the  soil  is  productive,  well 
adapted  to  grazing.  It  contains  several  large 
ponds.  Drained  by  Camp  and  Priest  brooks. 
It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $13,000;  2  tanneries,  1  grist 
m.,  8sawm.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $29,850.  lacad 
43  students,  12  sch.  425  scholars.    Pop.  1,366 

Five  Corners,  p-o.,  Geneva  t.,  Cavu'ea  co 

N.  Y.,  178  w.  Albany,  311  W.  y  g         ' 

Flag  Spring,  p-o.,  Campbell  co.,  Kv.,  90  n  n 

E.  Frankfort,  497  W.  *'  N> 

Flag  Spring,  p-o.,  Gallia  co.,  O.,  94  s.  s  e 

Columbus,  387  W. 

Flag  Creek,  p-o.,  Cook  co.,  111.,  188  n.  e 
Springfield,  735  W. 
Flaggtown,  p-v.,  Hillsborough  t,  Somerset 


co.,  N.  J.,  24  n.  e.  Trenton,  196  W.  It  contains 
12  or  15  dwellings. 

Flanders,  p-v.,  Southampton  t.,  Suffolk  co., 
N.  Y.,  229  s.  e.  Albany,  309  W.  Situated  s.  side 
of  Little  Peconic  bay,  and  has  12  or  15  houses. 

Flanders,  p-v.,  Roxbury  t.,  Morris  co.,  N.  J., 
55  n.  e.  Trenton,  225  W.  Situated  at  the  e.  foot 
of  Schooley's  Mountain.  It  contains  a  Methodist 
church,  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  about 
25  or  30  dwellings. 

Flatbrookville,  p-o.,  Sandystone  t.,  Sussex 
co.,  N.  J.,  85  n.  Trenton,  242  W. 

Flatbush,  p-t.,  Kings  co.,  N.  Y.,  151  s.  Albany, 
5  s.  e.  New  York,  231  W.  Surface  level,  with 
some  hills ;  soil,  light  loam  and  sand,  fertile  when 
well  cultivated.  The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated 
on  a  plain,  4  miles  s.  E.  Brooklyn.  It  contains  1 
Dutcli  Reformed  and  1  Episcopal  church,  Eras- 
mus Hall  academy,  an  old  and  flourishing  insti- 
tution, 2  stores,  50  dwellings,  and  about  400  in- 
habitants. Near  .the  n.  w.  boundary  of  the  t.,  the 
battle  of  Flatbush  or  of  Long  Island  was  fought, 
in  1776,  in  which  the  Americans  were  defeated 
with  great  loss.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $7,500.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $3,950.  3  acad.  242  students,  3  sch. 
154  scholars.     Pop.  2,099. 

Flat  Creek,  p-o.,  Bedford  co.,  Tenn.,  66  s.  s. 
E.  Nashville,  689  W. 

Flat  Creek,  t.,  Taney  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  181. 

Flat  Creek,  p-o.,  Barry  co.,  Mo.,  214  s.  w. 
Jefferson  city,  1,129  W. 

Flat  Creek,  t,  Pettis  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  621. 

Flatlands,  t.,  Kings  co.,  N.  Y.,  8  s.  e.  Brook- 
lyn, 153  s.  Albany.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil, 
sandy  loam  and  sand.  To  this  t.  are  attached 
Barren  island,  and  some  other  islands,  yielding 
salt  hay.  The  v.  contains  1  Dutch  Reformed 
church,  2  stores,  20  dwellings,  and  100  inhabit- 
ants. There  are  in  the  t.  2  stores,  cap.  $4,800. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,000.  2  sch.  95  scholars. 
Pop.  810. 

Flat  Lick,  p-o.,  Claiborne  par.,  La.,  401  n.  w. 
New  Orleans,  1,271  W. 

Flat  River,  p-o.,  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  148  w.  N. 
w.  Detroit,  633  W. 

Flat  Rock,  p-o.,  Powhatan  co.,  Va.,  26  w. 
Richmond,  143  W. 

Flat  Rock,  p-o.,  Henderson  co.,  N.  C,  280 
w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  510  W. 

Flat  Rock,  p-o.,  Kershaw  dist.,  S.  C,  49  n. 
e.  Columbia,  457  W. 

Flat  Rock,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,  Ga.,  78  w.  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  675  W. 

Flat  Rock,  p-o.,  Bourbon  co.,  Ky.,  54  e. 
Frankfort,  516  W. 

Flat  Rock,  t.,  Henry  co.,  O.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $2,600 ;  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $4,000.     1  sch.  25  scholars.     Pop.  475. 

Flat  Rock,  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,  la.,  61  s.  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 576  W.  Situated  on  a  creek  of  the 
same  name,  an  important  mill  stream. 

Flat  Shoals,  p-o.,  Meriwether  co.,  Ga.,  89 
w.  Milledgeville,  708  W. 

Flat  Woods,  p-o.,  Braxton  co.,  Va.,  311  w. 
N.  w.  Richmond,  279  W. 

Fleetville,  p-v.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  158  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  264  W. 

Fleetwood  Academy,  p-o.,  King  and  Queen 
co.,  Va.,  36  e.  n.  e.  Richmond,  124  W. 

Fleming,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  570  sq.  ms.  The 
E.  and  s.  parts  are  mountainous  ;  the  remainder 
is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile,  underlaid  with 
limestone.  Licking  r.  runs  on  its  s.  w.  border. 
Capital,  Flemingsburg.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  10,848,  sheep  18,240,  swine  32,677 ;  wheat 
149,286  bush,  produced,  rye  12,873,  Indian  com 


FLI 


213 


FLO 


594,812,  oats  127,705,  potatoes  16,605,  tobacco 
20,173  pounds,  sugar  93,010;  2  com.  houses, 
cap.  $11,500;  23  stores,  cap.  $165,400;  1  woollen 
fac,  11  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  8  flouring  m.,  25 
grist  m.,  13  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  printing  office,  1 
newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  8112,384.  2  acad. 
169  students,  15  sch.  469  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
11,158,  slaves  1,992,  free  colored  118;  total, 
13,268. 

Fleming,  p-t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y.,  4  s.  Auburn, 
128  w.  Albany,  359  W.  The  surface  is  undula- 
ting ;  soil,  a  productive  clay  loam,  and  well  cul- 
tivated. Drained  by  Crane  brook,  and  by  small 
streams  entering  Owasco  lake,  which  bounds  it 
on  the  E.  The  v.  contains  2  churches,  1  store, 
25  dwellings,  and  about  150  inhabitants.  Pop. 
of  the  1. 1,317.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $6,000;  1  saw 
m.,  8  sch.  406  scholars. 

Fleming's,  p-o.,  Weakley  co.,  Tenn.,  121  w. 
by  n.  Nashville,  806  W. 

Fleming's,  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,  la.,  31  s.  E.  In- 
dianapolis, 569  W. 

Flemingsburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Fleming  co., 
Ky.,  95  e.  by  n.  Frankfort,  488  W.  Situated  on 
Stockton  run,  1  mile  from  its  junction  with  Flem- 
ing cr.,  and  contains  5  churches — 1  Presbyterian, 
1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  1  Campbellite,  and  1  Ful- 
lerite  Baptist — 1  academy,  and  1  seminary,  a 
large  and  splendid  court  house,  of  brick,  with  a 
cupola,  bell,  and  clock,  6  stores,  65  dwellings, 
and  591  inhabitants. 

Flemingsville,  p-o.,  Owego  t.,  Tioga  co.,  N. 
Y.,  159  s.  w.  Albany,  280  W. 

Flemington,  p-v.,  Raritan  t.,  capital  of  Hun- 
terdon co.,  N.  J.,  25  n.  by  w.  Trenton,  185  W. 
Situated  on  a  valley  between  the  mountains. 
The  soil  of  the  surrounding  country  is  red  shale, 
and  tolerably  fertile.  It  contains  3  churches — 1 
Presbyterian,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Baptist — a  court 
house,  of  stone,  rough  cast,  with  a  front  of  col- 
umns of  the  Grecian  Ionic  order,  containing  the 
county  offices,  in  the  basement  of  which  is  the 
jail ;  60  dwellings,  many  of  them  with  ornamented 
court  yards ;  and  about  350  inhabitants.  It  has  a 
printing  office,  with  a  weekly  newspaper. 

Flemington,  p-v.,  Wake  co.,  N.  C,  15  n.  w. 
Raleigh,  293  W. 

Fletcher,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  52  n.  n.  w. 
Montpelier,  540  W.  Chartered  in  1781.  Wa- 
tered at  the  s.  extremity  by  Lamoille  r„  by  the 
head  branch  of  Black  cr.,  proceeding  from  a  con- 
siderable pond,  by  Fairfield  r.,  and  by  Stone's 
brook.  The  surface  is  broken,  and  the  soil  but 
moderately  fertile.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $2,000 ; 
I  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,200. 
7  sch.  130  scholars.    Pop.  1,014. 

Fletcher,  p-v.,  Brown  t,  Miami  co.,  O.,  66 
w.  by  n.  Columbus,  460  W.  It  contains  1  Meth- 
odist church,  3  stores,  15  mechanic  shops,  and 
about  150  inhabitants. 

Flicksville,  p-v.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  117 
N.  e.  Harrisburg,  210  W. 

Flint,  p-t.,  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  61  N.  w.  De- 
troit, 585  W.    It  contains  10  stores,  1  grist  i 
and  7  saw  m.  Pop.  984. 

Flint  Creek,  p-o.,  Seneca  t.,  Ontario  co.,  N. 
Y.,  184  w.  Albany,  349  W. 

Flint  Hill,  p-o.,  Rappahannock  co.,  Va.,  125 
N.  n.  vv.  Richmond,  77  W. 

Flint  Hill,  p-o.,  Cabarras  co.,  N.  C,  143  w 
s.  w.  Raleigh,  380  W. 

Flint  Hill,  p-o.,  St.  Charles  co.,  Mo.,  89  n 
K.  Jefferson  city,  850  W. 

Flint  Island,  p-o.,  Mead  co.,  Ky.,  112  w.  by 
s.  Frankfort,  651  W. 


Flint  Mills,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  O.,  129  e. 
s.  k.  Columbus,  290  W. 

Flint,  cr.,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Yates  co.,  and  flows 
s.  into  Ontario  co.,  where  it  enters  the  Canan- 
daigua  outlet. 

Flint,  r.,  Ga.  The  w.  head  branch  rises  in 
Campbell  co.,  and  the  e.  in  De  Kalb  co.  Its 
whole  length  is  300  miles,  its  depth  6  feet,  and 
its  width  150  yards,  where  it  enters  the  Chatta- 
hoochee. Steamboats  come  up  to  Bainbridge, 
50  miles  above  its  confluence. 

Flint,  r.,  Mich.,  one  of  the  principal  branches 
of  Saginaw  r.,  rises  in  Lapeer  co.,  and  pursuing 
a  N.  w.,  s.  w.,  and  then  a  n.  w.  course,  in  Sagi- 
naw co.  enters  Saginaw  r.,  30  miles  from  its 
mouth.  It  is  100  miles  long,  and  affords,  with  its 
branches,  extensive  water  power.  It  is  boatable 
20  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Flint  Rock,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.  C,  165  w. 
by  s.  Raleigh,  414  W. 

Flintstone,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  154  N. 
w.  Annapolis,  122  W. 

Flintville,  p-v.,  Marion  dist.,  S.  C,  140  E. 
by  n.  Columbia,  459  W. 

Flora,  p-o.,  Edgar  co.,  111.,  121  e.  by  s.  Spring- 
field, 658  W. 

Florence,  p-t.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  33  n.  w. 
Utica,  129  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  414  W.  The  surface 
is  gently  undulating ;  soil,  sandy  loam.  Drained 
by  tributaries  of  Fish  cr.  The  lands  are  well 
adapted  to  grazing.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $6,000 ; 
2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $9,200.     11  sch.  332  scholars.    Pop.  1,259. 

Florence,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  227  w. 
Harrisburg,  252  W. 

Florence,  p-t.,  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich.,  144  w. 
s.  w.  Detroit,  592  W.    Pop.  528. 

Florence,  p-v.,  Stewart  co.,  Ga.,  153  s.  w. 
Milledgeville,  794  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side 
of  the  Chattahoochee  r. 

Florence,  p-v.,  capital,  Lauderdale  co.,  Ala., 
135  n.  by  w.  Tuscaloosa,  780  W.  Situated  on 
the  n.  side  of  Tennessee  r.,  1  mile  above  the 
mouth  of  Cypress  cr.,  and  immediately  below  the 
Muscle  Shoals.  When  the  water  is  not  low, 
steamboats  ascend  to  this  place,  and  it  has  great 
advantages  for  trade.  It  was  laid  out  in  1818,  on 
an  elevated  plain,  100  feet  above  the  river.  The 
streets  are  100  feet  wide,  and  cross  each  other  at 
right  angles.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a 
U.  S.  surveyor  general's  office,  2  churches — 1 
Presbyterian,  1  Methodist — 2  female  academies, 
and  about  2,000  inhabitants.  There  is  a  large 
cotton  fac.  in  the  vicinity. 

Florence,  p-v.,  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  76  n.  Frank- 
fort, 502  W.  It  is  situated  about  5  miles  s.  of  the 
Ohio  r.,  and  contains  about  100  inhabitants. 

Florence,  p-t.,  Erie  co.,  O.,  112  n.  by  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 391  W.  It  contains  several  extensive 
beds  of  iron  ore.  There  is  a  handsome  village 
at  the  centre,  which  contains  3  stores.  It  has  12 
sch.  635  scholars.    Pop.  1,635. 

Florence,  t.,  Williams  co.,  O.  It  has  1  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,000.  Pop 
119. 

Florence,  p-v.,  Louisa  co.,  Iowa.  Situated 
on  Iowa  river,  which  is  here  crossed  by  a  ferry. 
Here  Black  Hawk,  the  celebrated  Indian  chief, 
resided,  until  1832,  and  here  the  bones  of  his  an- 
cestors repose. 

Florence,  p-v.,  Morgan  co.,  Mo.,  54  w.  Jef- 
ferson city,  990  W.  Situated  on  the  south  fork 
of  La  Miner.  fc,     ,n        . 

Florence,  p-v.,  Pike  co.,  HI..  59  w  by  s 
Springfield,  839  W. 


FLO  214      FLO 

FLORIDA. 

Florida,  territory,  is  bounded  n.  by  Alabama  and  Georgia ;  K.  by  tbe  Atlantic ;  s.  and  w.  by  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  lies  between  25°  and  31°  N.  lat.,  and  between  80°  and  87°  44'  w.  long.,  and 
between  3°  and  10°  44'  w.  from  W.  It  is  385  miles  long,  and  from  50  to  250  wide,  containing 
57  000  square  miles,  or  37,000,000  acres.  The  population  in  1830,  was  34,723 ;  in  1840,  54,477,  of 
which  16 456  were  white  males,  11,487  females;  free  colored  persons,  males  398,  females  419; 
slaves,  males  13,038,  females  12,679.  Employed  in  agricidture,  12,117;  in  commerce,  481;  in 
manufactures  and  trades,  1,177;  navigating  the  ocean,  435 ;  do.  canal  and  rivers,  118;  learned 
professions  and  engineers,  204. 

This  territory  is  divided  into  20  counties,  which,  with  their  population  in  1840,  and  their  capitals, 
are  as  follows:  West  Florida— Escambia,  3,993,  Pensacola;  Walton,  1,461,  Euchee  Anna: 
Middle  Florida — Gadsden,  5,992,  Quincy ;  Hamilton,  1,464,  Jasper  ;  Jefferson,  5,713,  Monti- 
cello  ;  Leon,  10,713,  Tallahassee ;  Madison,  2,644,  Madison :  East  Florida— Alachua,  2,282,  New- 
mansville ;  Columbia,  2,102,  Lancaster ;  Duvall,  4,156,  Jacksonville ;  Hillsborough,  452,  Fort 
Brooks  ;  Leigh  Reed,  73,  New  Smyrna ;  Nassau,  1,892,  Nassau  C.  H. ;  St.  John's,  2,694,  St.  Au- 
gustine :  South  Florida — Dade,  446,  Key  Biscayune  ;  Monroe,  688,  Key  West :  Appalachicola  Dis- 
trict— Calhoun,  1,142,  St.  Joseph  ;  Franklin,  1,030,  Appalachicola ;  Jackson,  4,681,  Marianna; 
Washington,  859,  Roche's  Bluff. 
Tallahassee,  in  Leon  county,  22  miles  n.  of  St.  Mark's,  is  the  seat  of  government. 
The  face  of  the  country  is  uneven,  but  has  no  mountains  or  high  hills.  A  large  portion  of  it  is 
covered  with  pine  forests,  the  trees  of  which,  standing  at  a  considerable  distance  from  each  other, 
without  brush  or  underwood,  afford  an  opportunity  for  grass  and  flowers  to  spread  luxuriantly  over 
the  surface  of  the  earth  during  the  whole  year.  The  borders  of  the  streams  are  usually  skirted 
with  hammocks,  or  hillocks,  of  hard  timber,  covered  with  grape  and  other  vines.  A  large  portion 
of  Florida  consists  of  pine  barrens,  much  of  which  has  a  very  poor  soil ;  still  there  are  many  exten- 
sive tracts  of  table  land,  hammock,  and  swamp,  of  the  richest  soil,  and  well  adapted  to  the  cultiva- 
tion of  sugar,  rice,  cotton,  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  and  fruits.  A  considerable  quantity  of  the  pine 
lands  is  equally  rich ;  and  the  barrens  themselves  afford  extensive  ranges  of  grazing  land,  usually 
intersected  with  streams  of  pure  water.  Many  parts  of  the  territory  abound  in  yellow  pine  and 
live  oak  timber.  Majestic  cedars,  chestnuts,  magnolias,  with  their  large  white  flowers,  and  cy- 
presses, with  a  straight  stem  of  80  or  90  feet,  are  found.  The  fig,  pomegranate,  orange,  and  date, 
are  among  the  fruits  of  Florida.  Cotton  forms  the  chief  agricultural  production.  The  peninsula, 
which  constitutes  the  southern  portion  of  the  district,  presents  a  singular  alternation  of  savannahs, 
hammocks,  lagoons,  and  grass-ponds,  called  altogether  the  everglades,  which  extend  into  the  heart 
of  the  country  for  200  miles  n.  of  Cape  Sable,  and  are  drained  northwardly  by  the  St.  John's  river. 
There  were  in  this  territory,  1840,  12,043  horses  and  mules,  118,081  neat  cattle,  7,198  sheep, 
92,680  swine ;  poultry  valued  at  $61,007,  There  were  produced  412  bushels  of  wheat,  13,829  oats, 
898,974  Indian  corn,  264,617  potatoes,  7,285  pounds  of  wool,  1,197  tons  of  hay,  124  pounds  of  silk 
cocoons,  75,274  tobacco,  481,420  rice,  12,110,533  cotton,  275,317  sugar.  Value  of  the  products  of 
the  dairy  amounted  to  $23,094 ;  and  of  the  orchard,  $1,035. 

The  exports  in  1840  were  $1,858,850,  and  the  imports  were  $190,728.  There  were  23  commer- 
cial and  21  commission  houses  in  foreign  trade,  employing  a  capital  of  $542,000 ;  239  retail  dry- 
goods  and  other  stores,  with  a  capital  of  $1,240,380 ;  92  engaged  in  the  lumber  trade,  with  a  capi- 
tal of  $64,050 ;  67  persons  were  employed  in  the  fisheries,  with  a  capital  of  $10,000.  Home-made 
or  family  articles  manufactured  to  the  amount  of  $20,205 ;  hats  and  caps  manufactured  to  the 
amount  of  $1,500 ;  3  tanneries  employed  15  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $14,500 ;  10  other  manufac- 
tories of  leather,  as  saddleries,  &c,  manufactured  articles  to  the  value  of  $6,200,  employing  a  capi- 
ital  of  $4,250 ;  136  produced  bricks  and  lime  to  the  amount  of  $37,600;  15  persons  manufactured 
carriages  and  wagons  to  the  amount  of  $11,000,  with  a  capital  of  $5,900 ;  62  grist,  65  saw,  and  2  oil 
mills,  employed  410  persons,  and  produced  to  the  amount  of  $189,650,  with  a  capital  of  $488,950. 
Ships  were  built  to  the  amount  of  $14,100.  The  whole  amount  of  capital  employed  in  manufac- 
tures was  $669,490, 

There  are  many  bays  on  the  western  side  of  the  peninsula,  which  form  good  harbors ;  the  prin- 
cipal of  which  are  Perdido,  Pensacola,  Choctawhatchee,  St.  Joseph's,  Appalachicola,  Appalachee, 
Tampa,  Carlos,  and  Gallivans.  There  are  none  on  the  eastern  side ;  but  rivers,  inlets,  and  sounds, 
afford  harbors  for  coasting  vessels.  The  principal  capes  are  Canaveral,  Florida,  Sable,  at  the 
southern  extremity,  Romans,  and  St.  Bias.  There  are  many  islands  scattered  along  the  coast,  par- 
ticularly a  cluster  off  the  southern  extremity,  denominated  the  Florida  Keys,  extending,  in  a  curved 
form,  200  miles.  Key  West,  on  one  of  these,  named  Thompson's  Island,  is  a  naval  station,  has  a 
good  harbor,  which  is  well  sheltered,  and  admits  the  largest  vessels. 

The  principal  river  on  the  eastern  side  is  the  St.  John's,  which  rises  within  a  short  distance  of 
the  coast,  and  flows  northwardly,  in  a  very  crooked  course,  through  several  lakes ;  it  is  often  from 


FLO 215 FLO 

3  to  5  miles  wide,  and  at  other  times,  not  one  fourth  of  a  mile.  It  pusses  through  a  fine  healthy 
country,  and  vessels  drawing  8  feet  of  water  enter  Lake  George  and  Dun's  Lake,  150  miles  from 
its  mouth,  which  has  a  bar  of  12  feet,  where  it  is  only  1  mile  wide.  The  Appalaehirola  river  is 
formed  by  the  union  of  Chattahoochee  and  Flint  rivers,  about  100  miles  above  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
to  which  place  vessels  drawing  8  feet  water  can  proceed.  The  other  principal  rivers  are  the 
Escambia,  Suwannee,  Withlacoochee,  Oscilla,  Ocklocony,  and  Choctawhatchee.  Rivers  some- 
times start  out  of  the  ground  in  a  stream  sufficient  to  turn  a  mill,  which  seem  to  come  from 
subterranean  reservoirs,  and  sometimes  suddenly  sink  into  the  ground  and  disappear. 

The  principal  towns  are  St.  Augustine,  the  oldest  town  in  the  United  StateB,  which  was  settled 
by  the  Spaniards,  in  1564,  and  is  the  chief  town  in  East  Florida ;  Pensacola,  10  miles  from  the  sea, 
on  Pensacola  bay ;  Tallahassee,  the  capital,  and  St.  Mark's,  its  port,  22  miles  south  of  it,  are  tho 
principal  places  in  the  western  part  of  Florida. 

This  territory  has  no  college.  There  were  in  1840,  18  academies  and  grammar  schools,  with 
732  students,  and  51  common  and  primary  schools,  with  925  scholars,  and  1,303  white  persons, 
over  20  years  of  age,  who  could  neither  read  nor  write. 

The  Episcopalians,  Presbyterians,  Methodists,  and  Roman  Catholics,  have  each  a  few  congrega- 
tions and  ministers. 

At  the  commencement  of  1840,  the  district  had  5  banks  and  branches,  with  an  aggegate  capital 
of  $3,976,121,  and  a  circulation  of  $418,778.  At  the  close  of  1840,  the  debt  of  the  territory  amounted 
to  $3,900,000. 

The  governor  is  appointed  by  the  President  of  the  United  States.  The  legislative  council  is 
composed  of  a  senate  of  11  members,  elected  for  2  years,  and  a  house  of  representatives,  composed 
of  29  members,  chosen  annually  by  the  people  in  October.  The  legislature  meets  annually  at 
Tallahassee,  the  seat  of  government,  on  the  first  Monday  in  January,  and  its  sessions  are  limited 
to  75  days.  The  pay  of  the  members  is  $4  per  day,  and  $4  for  every  20  miles  travel  to  and  from 
the  seat  of  government. 

A  railroad  extends  from  Tallahassee  22  miles  to  St  Mark's.  One  also  extends  from  Lake  Wi- 
comico 12  miles  to  St.  Joseph,  and  another  from  St.  Joseph  30  miles  to  Iola,  on  the  Appalachicola. 
Several  other  railroads  and  canals  have  been  projected. 

Florida  was  discovered  by  Sebastian  Cabot,  sailing  under  the  English  flag  and  patronage,  in 
1497.  Ponce  de  Leon,  a  Spanish  adventurer,  from  Hispaniola,  explored  the  country  in  1512  and 
1516.  In  1539,  Hernando  de  Soto,  who  had  been  an  officer  under  Pizarro,  sailed  from  the  island 
of  Cuba,  of  which  he  was  governor,  with  an  armed  force,  with  which  he  overran  the  peninsula, 
though  his  followers  were  mostly  cut  offa  few  years  after,  and  himself  died.  The  French  attempted 
to  establish  a  colony  in  1553,  which  occasioned  contests  between  the  French  and  Spaniards,  in 
which,  after  alternate  successes,  the  latter  were  victorious.  In  1763  Florida  was  ceded  to  Great 
Britain  by  Spain,  in  exchange  for  Havana.  The  Spanish  reconquered  it  in  1781,  and  it  was  con- 
firmed to  them  at  the  peace  of  1783.  In  1821  the  Spaniards  ceded  it  to  the  United  States,  as  a 
compensation  for  their  spoliations  on  the  commerce  of  the  United  States.  Since  it  has  been  in 
possession  of  the  United  States,  it  has  been  extensively  the  scene  of  a  warfare  with  the  Indians. 
The  Seminoles  were  subdued  in  1818  by  the  Americans,  under  General  Jackson.  A  portion  of 
this  tribe,  who  refused  to  emigrate  to  the  lands  assigned  to  them  beyond  the  Mississippi,  have 
recently  carried  on  a  tedious  and  expensive  war  with  the  United  States. 

Florida,  p-t.,  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  94  s.  w. 
Detroit,  526  W.    It  has  a  fertile  soil,  well  adapt- 


Florida,  cape,  a  promontory  on  the  s.  e.  coast 
of  Florida,  situated  on  the  s.  w.  end  of  an  island 
called  Key  Biscayune.  A  light-house  was  erected 
here  to  mark  the  entrance  of  Hawk's  channel, 
which  was  burned  by  the  Seminoles.  It  was  sit- 
uated in  28°  15'  n.  lat.,  and  3°  22'  w.  Ion.  from  W. 

Florida,  p-t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  7  E. 
Adams,  121  w.  by  n.  Boston,  463  W.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous,  and  the  soil  chiefly  adapted 
to  grazing.  Watered  by  Cold  r.,  a  branch  of 
Deerfield  r.  It  has  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$600.    5  sch.  100  scholars.    Pop.  441. 

Florida,  p-v.,  Warwick  t.,  Orange  co.,  N.  Y., 
Ill  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  273  W.  It  contains  2 
churches,  5  stores,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  40  dwell- 
ings, and  about  250  inhabitants. 

Florida,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  N.  Y.,  34  n.  n. 
w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  undulating;  soil, fer- 
tile clay  loam,  well  adapted  to  wheat.  Mohawk 
r.  flows  on  its  n.  boundary,  and  Schoharie  cr.  on 
the  w.  It  has  8  stores,  cap.  $30,000 ;  1  woollen 
fac,  3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  4  grist  m.,  8  saw  in. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $46,300.  8  sch.  250  scholars. 
Pop.  5,214. 


ed  to  grain.    It  has  1  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac. 
$800.     Pop.  297. 

Florida,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Mo.,  83  n.  e.  Jeffer- 
son city,  923  W.  It  is  on  the  n.  side  of  the  south 
fork  of  Salt  r. 

Florisant,  p-v.,  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  131  e.  Jef- 
ferson city,  837  W. 

Flower  Creek,  p-o.,  Pendleton  co.,  Ky.,  79 
N.  E.  Frankfort,  521  W. 

Flowerfield,  p-t.,  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich.,  154 
s.  w.  Detroit,  603  W.  It  contains  1  flouring  m. 
and  2  saw  m.,  5  sch.  76  scholars.     Pop.  281. 

Floyd,  county,  Va.,  in  the  s.  part  of  the  state, 
w.  of  the  middle,  contains  525  square  miles.  The 
surface  is  mountainous,  and  the  soil  adapted  to 
grazing.  Watered  by  Little  r.  and  its  branches. 
Capital,  Jacksonville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  6,355,  sheep  8,418,  swine  12,555;  wheat 
23,889  bushels  produced,  rye  13,435,  Indian  corn 
72,869,  buckwheat  5,830,  oats  77,073,  potatoes 
19,728,  tobacco  17,579  pounds;  5  stores,  cap.. 
10,900;  7  tanneries,  6  distilleries,  2  flouring  m., 


FLU 


216 


FOR 


29  grist  m.,  18  saw  rn.,  3  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$3  950  8  sch.  160  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4, US, 
slaves  321,  free  col'd  9  ;  total,  4,453. 

Floyd,  county,  Ga.,  situated  in  the  N.  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  460  square  miles.  Wa- 
tered by  Oostanaula  and  Etowah  rivers,  which 
unite  in  this  county  to  form  the  Coosa  r.  Cedar 
cr.  runs  in  the  s.,  and  Chattooga  cr.  in  the  n.  part. 
Surface,  uneven  ;  soil,  fertile  on  the  margins  of 
the  streams.  Capital,  Rome.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  5,557,  sheep  1,416,  swine  16,844 ; 
wheat  27,633  bushels  produced,  rye  1,358,  Ind. 
corn  244,550,  oats  16,124,  potatoes  6,611,  tobacco 
3,706  pounds,  cotton  142,397;  11  stores,  cap. 
36,025  ;  4  tanneries,  5  distilleries,  9  grist  m.,  8  saw 
m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $24,313.  3  acad.  79  students,  5  sch. 
107  scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,165,  slaves  1,271, 
free  col'd  5  ;  total,  4,441. 

Floyd,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  1,400  sq.  ms.  The  sur- 
face is  elevated,  and  considerably  hilly  and 
broken.  Watered  by  the  forks  of  Big  Sandy  r. 
Kentucky  and  Licking  rivers  rise  in  this  county. 
Capital,  Preston  burg.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  4,941,  sheep  3,059,  swine  5,701 ;  wheat 
5,957  bushels  produced,  Ind.  com  82,300,  oats 
5,881,  potatoes  3,969,  tobacco  2,365  pounds,  cot- 
ton 1,148,  sugar  1,857,  salt  1,200  bushels ;  7  stores, 
cap.  22,400 ;  1  woollen  fac,  4  tanneries,  24  grist 
m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $21,800.  Pop. 
whites  6,103,  slaves  184,  free  col'd  15;  total, 
6,302. 

Floyd,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  s.  E.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  144  sq.  ms.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly,  and  the  soil  fertile.  Silver  cr.  runs 
on  its  e.  border.  Watered  by  branches  of  Indian 
cr.  The  Ohio  r.  flows  on  its  s.  E.  border.  Or- 
ganized in  1819.  Capital,  New  Albany.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,149,  sheep  5,353,  swine 
10,426;  wheat  30,116  bushels  produced,  Indian 
corn  76,091,  oats  56,541,  potatoes  11,300;  84 
stores,  cap.  $324,299 ;  2  lumber  yards,  capital 
$7,000 ;  10  tanneries,  1  brewery,  1  pottery,  9 
flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  2 
printing  offices,  3  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $143,700.  9  sch.  379  scholars.  Pop. 
9,454. 

Floyd,  p-t.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  8  n.  Utica,  104 
w.  n.  w.  Albany,  398  W.  The  surface  is  roll- 
ing ;  soil,  clay  marl,  well  adapted  to  grass.  The 
Mohawk  bounds  it  on  the  s.,  and  along  the  r.  are 
rich  alluvial  flats.  Nine  Mile  cr.  drains  it  on  the 
E.  border.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,000  ;  4  fulling 
m.,  2  woollen  fac,  2  cotton  fac.  3,000  sp.,  1  dis- 
tillery, 1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$32,075.     12  sch.  579  scholars.     Pop.  1,742. 

Floyd,  C.  H.,  p-o.,  (Jacksonville  v.,)  capital 
w  tY  °°i  Va>'  215  w'  s-  w-  Richmond,  290 
W.  It  contains  a  handsome  court  house,  2  stores, 
1  tannery,  and  about  10  dwellings. 

Floyd,  t ,  Putnam  co.,  la.  It  has  1  tannery, 
3  grist  m.  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $700.  2 
sch.  25  scholars.    Pop.  1,296. 

Floydsburg,  p-v.,  Oldham  co.,  Ky..  37  w  bv 
N.  Frankfort,  580  W.  Situated  on  Floyd's  cr.,  a 
branch  of  Salt  river.  Contains  about  100  in- 
habitants. 

Fluke's,  p-o.,  Botetourt  co.,  Va.,  162  w  Rich- 
mond, 231  W. 

-t.,  Queens  co.,  N.  Y.,9  e.  b 


r  LUSHING,    l>-i..,   vtuccun   uu.,  ii.  i  .,  y   e.  DV  N 

New  York,  155  s.  Albany,  235  W.  The  surface 
is  level,  except  a  stony  ridge  on  the  s.  The  soil 
is  a  sandy  loam,  with  some  clay,  and  well  cul- 
tivated. Long  Island  sound  bounds  it  on  the 
,n.,  Flushing  bay  on  the  w.,  and  Little  Neck  bay 
on  the  e.    The  v.  is  situated  at  the  head  of 


Flushing  bay.  Incorporated  in  1837.  It  con- 
tains 6  churches — 1  Episcopal,  2  Methodist,  1 
Roman  Catholic,  2  Friends,  (.1  orthodox  and 
1  Hicksite,) — 1  male  seminary,  and  1  female, 
12  stores,  175  dwellings,  and  about  2,000  inhabit- 
ants. Steamboats  connect  it  daily  with  New 
York,  and  it  is  much  frequented  in  the  summer 
months.  St.  Paul's  College,  2  ms.  N.,  on  College 
Point,  is  a  respectable  Episcopal  seminary. 
There  are  in  the  t.,  1 1  stores,  cap.  $30,750 ;  1  dis- 
tillery, 1  printing  office,  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $48,600.  1  college,  36  students, 
3  acad.  140  students,  8  sch.  369  scholars.  Pop. 
4,124. 

Flushing,  p-t.,  Belmont  co.,  O.,  110  e.  byN. 
Columbus,  288  W.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly 
of  the  society  of  Friends.  Watered  by  Stillwater 
cr.,  which  affords  water  power,  and  on  which  are 
several  grist  and  saw  m.  The  v.  contains  3 
stores,  various  mechanics,  and  about  150  inhabit- 
ants.   It  has  2  sch.  23  scholars.     Pop.  1,683. 

Flushing,  p-t.,  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  67  n.  w. 
Detroit,  591  W.    Pop.  473. 

Fluvanna,  county,  Va.  Situated,  centrally, 
in  the  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  416  sq. 
ms.  Organized  in  1777.  James  r.  runs  on  its  s. 
border.  The  Ravenna  r.  passes  through  it.  The 
surface  is  generally  broken;  but  between  the 
rivers  is  a  level  tract  of  barren  land.  The  soil  on 
the  rivers  is  good.  The  gold  region  passes 
through  the  county,  and  is  worked  near  Palmyra, 
the  capital.  .There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
5,372,  sheep  6,052,  swine  9,264;  wheat  62,418 
bushels  produced,  Ind.  corn  181,900,  oats  70,813, 
potatoes  7,661,  tobacco  1,279,777  pounds,  cotton 
2,392;  17  stores,  cap.  $126,300;  1  lumberyard, 
cap.  $1,500 ;  1  tannery,  4  flouring  m.,  26  grist  m., 
30  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $97,201.  18  sch. 
418  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,445,  slaves  4,146, 
free  col'd  221 ;  total,  8,812. 

Fluvanna,  p-o.,  Ellicott  t.,  Chautauque  co.,  N. 
Y.,  335  w.  by  s.  Albany,  322  W. 

Fogelsville,  p-o.,  Macungy  t,  Lehigh  co., 
Pa.,  82  e.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  175  W.  It  has  a  store 
and  8  or  10  dwellings. 

Fonda,  p-v.,  capital  of  Montgomery  county,  in 
Mohawk  t.,  N.  Y.,  42  w.  Albany,  406  W.  Situ- 
ated on  the  n.  side  of  Mohawk  r.,  and  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  5  stores,  a  large  flouring  m.,  1 
saw  m.,  1  plaster  m.,  1  carding  machine,  1  thresh- 
ing machine  fac,  50  dwellings,  and  about  350 
inhabitants.  The  Utica  and  Schenectady  rail- 
road passes  through  the  place. 

Fond  du  Lac,  county,  Wis.,  situated  in  the  n. 
e.  part  of  the  ter.,  and  contains  400  square  miles. 
About  one  sixth  of  the  surface  is  prairie,  and 
there  are  some  swamps.  Fox  r.  runs  on  its  n. 
border,  and  Lake  Winnebago  lies  on  its  n.  e. 
border.  Drained  by  Rock  and  Milwaukie  rivers, 
and  Crocodile  and  Martin's  creeks.  Capital, 
Fond  du  Lac.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
355,  swine  208  ;  wheat  320  bushels  produced,  Ind. 
corn  1,918,  oats  1,315,  potatoes  3,961,  sugar  3,220 
pounds;  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000. 
Pop.  139. 

Fond  du  Lac,  p-v.,  capital  of  Fond  du  Lac  co., 
Wis.,  98  n.  e.  Madison,  945  W.  Situated  at  the 
head  of  Lake  Winnebago. 

Forbush,  p-o.,  Surry  co.,  N.  C,  136  w.  n.  w. 
Raleigh,  344  W. 

Fordham,  v.,  Westchester  co.,  N.  Y.,  12*  New 
York  City  Hall.  It  contains  1  Presbyterian 
church,  2  stores,  40  dwellings,  and  St.  John's 
Roman  Catholic  College,  established  in  1841, 
with  a  large  and  commodious  edifice.  It  is 
on  the  line  of  the  Harlem  railroad,  and  has  a 
depot. 


FOR 


217 


FOR 


Fordsville,  p-v.,  Marion  co.,  Miss.,  128  s.  s. 
E.  Jackson,  1,078  W. 

Forest,  p-o.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  228  w.  N.  w. 
Harrisburg,  281  W. 

Forestburg,  p-t.,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  Y.,  120  s. 
s.  w.  Albany,  278  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil, 
gravelly  loam,  having  a  large  natural  growth  of 
yellow  and  white  pine.  Drained  by  Neversink 
r.,  which  affords  water  power.  The  v.  contains 
1  store,  1  grist  m.,  1  plaster  m.,  4  saw  m.,  15 
dwellings,  and  about  90  inhabitants.  Pop.  of  the 
t.,  433.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $3,000 ;  2  grist  m., 
21  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $61,565.  4  sch.  70 
scholars. 

Forest  Lake,  p-t.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  181 
N.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  291  W.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$3,000 ;  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$2,775.    5  sch.  120  scholars.     Pop.  606. 

Forest  Retreat,  p-o.,  Nicholas  co.,  Ky.,  50 
E.  n.  E.  Frankfort,  493  W. 

Forestville,  p-v.,  Wake  co.,  N.  C,  15  w. 
Raleigh,  273  W. 

Forge  Village,  p-v.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass., 
30  Boston,  434  W. 

Fork  Inn,  p-o.,  Dinwiddie  co.,  Va.,  31  s.  s.  w. 
Richmond,  150  W. 

Forkland,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Ala. 

Fork  Meeting  House,  p-o.,  Baltimore  co., 
McL,  46  n.  by  w.  Annapolis,  56  W. 

Fork  Road,  p-o.,  Floyd  co.,  Va.,  217  w.  s.  w. 
Richmond,  294  W. 

Forks,  t.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa.  Situated 
near  the  confluence  of  the  Delaware  and  Lehigh 
rivers.  Drained  by  Bushkill  cr.  and  its  tribu- 
taries. The  surface  is  level,  and  the  soil  cal- 
careous loam.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,500  ;  1  tan- 
nery, 3  distilleries,  7  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $50,510.  2  sch.  80  scholars.  Pop. 
2,166. 

Forks,  t.,  Lycoming  county,  Pa.  It  has  1 
woollen  fac,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $2,600.     3  sch.  90  scholars.    Pop.  224. 

Forks  of  Pigeon,  p-o.,  Haywood  co.,  N.  C. 

Forked  Deer  River,  Tenn.,  rises  by  several 
branches  in  Carroll  and  Henderson  counties,  and 
after  a  course  of  about  100  miles,  enters  the  Mis- 
sissipi  r.,  in  Tipton  county. 

Forkston,  p-o.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  165  N.  E. 
Harrisburg,  270  W. 

Forksville,  p-o.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va.,  87 
s.  w.  Richmond,  203  W. 

Forktown,  p-v.,  Somerset  co.,  Md.,  99  s.  s.  E. 
Annapolis,  139  W. 

Forneys,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.  C. 

Forsyth,  county,  Ga.  Centrally  situated 
toward  the  n.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  290 
square  miles.  The  Chattahoochee  r.  runs  on  its 
e.  and  s.  e.  border.  The  Etowah  r.  runs  through 
its  N.  w.  corner.  Drained  by  branches  of  these 
rivers.  Capital,  Cumming.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  5,823,  sheep  3,151,  swine  9,663 ;  wheat 
27,957  bushels  produced,  Ind.  corn  206,875,  oats 
17,815,  potatoes  4,985,  tobacco  4,278  pounds,  cot- 
ton 97,190;  value  of  gold  produced,  $8,000;  20 
stores,  cap.  $47,000 ;  3  tanneries,  18  distilleries, 
1  flouring  m.,  20  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $8,430.  1  acad.  51  students,  8  sch.  263 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  5,060,  slaves  550,  free 
col'd  9  ;  total,  5,619. 

Forsyth,  p-v.,  capital  of  Monroe  co.,  Ga., 
55  w.  Milledgeville,  677  W.  Organized  in  1823. 
It  contains  an  elegant  court  house,  a  jail,  3 
churches,  several  stores,  an  academy,  and  about 
70  dwellings.  The  Towelaggee  r.,  a  branch  of 
the  Ocmulgee  r.,  runs  a  little  n.  of  it  A  railroad, 
25  miles  long,  connects  it  with  Macon. 

Forsyth,  p-v.,  capital  of  Taney  co.,  Mo.,  201 
28 


s.  Jefferson  city,  1,118  W.  Situated  on  the  E. 
side  of  White  r.,  at  the  entrance  <>f  Swan  cr.  It 
contains  a  courthouse  and  si  few  dwellings. 

Fort  Adams,  p-v.,  Wilkinson  co.,  Miss.,  158 
s.  w.  Jackson,  1,168  W. 

Fort  Ann,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  N.  Y.,  63  s. 
byE.  Albany,  432  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
mountainous,  with  valleys  and  plains.  The  soil 
is  various,  consisting  of  sand,  clay,  and  alluvion. 
Lake  George  lies  on  its  n.w.  border.  Drained  by- 
Wood  cr.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  Champlain 
canal,  which  has  here  3  locks,  and  its  summit 
level  in  the  t.  Incorporated  in  1820.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  1 
Methodist — 6  stores,  2  tanneries,  70  dwellings,  and 
about  500  inhabitants.  Fort  Ann,  erected  here 
in  1756,  at  the  head  of  batteaux  navigation,  on 
Wood  cr.,  was  celebrated  in  the  French  and 
Revolutionary  wars.  There  are  in  the  t.,  19 
stores,  cap.  $26,900 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 

1  furnace,  3  forges,  3  tanneries,  1  powder  m.,  1 
grist  m.,  21  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $45,330. 
24  sch.  1,036  scholars.     Pop.  3,559. 

Fort  Atkinson,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Wis.,  43 
E.  Madison,  827  W. 

Fort  Armstrong.    (See  Rock  Island,  111.) 

Fort  Argyle,  Bryan  co.,  Ga.,  (now  in  ruins,) 
on  the  w.  bank  of  Ogechee  r.,  6  miles  above 
Ogechee  bridge,  built  in  1733,  to  protect  the 
early  settlers  against  the  Spaniards.  Here  the 
canal  from  Savannah  enters  the  Ogechee. 

Fort  Barring  ton,  Ga.,  on  the  e.  bank  of 
Alatamaha  r.,  14  ms.  above  Darien,  was  built  by 
the  Carolinians  in  1720,  to  prevent  the  escape  of 
the  negroes  to  the  Spaniards,  at  St.  Augustine. 
There  is  now  a  settlement  in  the  vicinity. 

Fort  Brady,  Mich.    (See  Sault  St.  Marie.) 

Fort  Blunt,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Tenn.,  68  e. 
by  n.  Nashville,  432  W. 

Fort  Covington,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  N.  Y., 
266  n.  n.  w.  Albany,  546  W.  Surface,  level ; 
soil,  sand  and  clay  loam  of  good  quality.  Drain- 
ed by  Salmon  and  Little  Salmon  rivers.  The  v. 
is  situated  on  Salmon  r.,  which  is  navigable  from 
this  place  to  the  St.  Lawrence  r.,  5  ms.  below.  It 
contains  4  churches,  an  academy,  7  stores,  2 
woollen  fac,  3  grist  m.,  1  plaster  m.,  3  saw  m., 
120  dwellings,  and  about  800  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.,  15  stores,  cap.  $42,181 ;  3  fulling  m., 

2  woollen  fac,  1  forge,  3  tanneries,  1  printing 
office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac  $37,050.  11  sch.  637  scholars. 
Pop.  2,094. 

Fort  Decatur,  p-o.,  Mercer  co.,  Ala. 

Fort  Defiance,  p-o.,  Caldwell  co ,  N.  C. 

Fort  Edward,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  N.  Y., 
49  n.  Albany,  419  W.  The  surface  is  gently  un- 
dulating, and  the  soil  a  fertile  clay  and  loam. 
Drained  by  Moosekill  and  other  streams.  The  v. 
is  situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Hudson  r.,  and  con- 
tains 1  church,  6  stores,  1  grist  m.,  80  dwellings, 
and  about  500  inhabitants.  The  remains  of  old 
Fort  Edward  are  seen  in  the  centre  of  the  v., 
erected  in  1755 ;  and  the  spot  is  shown,  a  little  N.f 
where  Miss  Jane  McCrea  was  barbarously  mur- 
dered by  the  Indians,  in  the  revolutionary  war. 
There  are  in  the  t.,  11  stores,  cap.  $25,000 ;  2  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.,  6  sch.  195  scholars.     Pop.  1,726. 

Fort  Gaines,  p-o.,  Early  co.,  Ga.,  183  s.  w. 
Milledgeville,  830  W.  . 

Fort  Gratiot,  p-v.,  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  60 
N.  E.  Detroit,  584  W.  Situated  at  the  head  of  a 
rapid,  at  the  outlet  of  Lake  Huron,  the  entrance 
of  which  it  commands.  Built  in  1814,  at  the 
close  of  the  late  war.  It  consists  of  a  stockade, 
including  a  magazine,  barracks,  and  other  accom- 
modations for  a  garrison  of  one  battalion. 


FOR 


218 


FOU 


Fort  Hamilton,  p-v.,  New  Utrecht  t.,  Kings 
co  N  Y  Here  is  a  strong  fortification,  on  the 
extreme  w.  end  of  Long  Island,  adjoining  the 
Narrows,  through  which  is  the  mam  entrance  to 
New  York  harbor,  here  about  one  third  of  a  mile 
wide.  Connected  with  it  is  Fort  La  Fayette  or 
Fort  Diamond,  in  the  channel,  and  Fort  Rich- 
mond opposite,  on  Staten  Island.  Fort  Hamil- 
ton is  strongly  built  of  solid  masonry,  and  mounts 
70  guns,  42,  32,  and  24  pounders.  The  v.  at  this 
place  contains  1  church,  2  stores,  and  15  or  20 
dwellings.  It  has  a  fine  view  of  the  lower  bay 
and  the  Atlantic  ocean,  is  a  place  of  summer  re- 
sort, and  has  a  convenient  boarding  house  for 
the  accommodation  of  visiters. 

Fort  Henderson,  p-o.,  Macon  co.,  Ala.,  156  s. 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  789  W. 

Fort  Hill,  p-o.,  Yorkdist.,  S.  C.,88  n.  Colum- 
bia, 419  W. 

Fort  Hill,  p-o.,  Lake  co.,  111.,  233  n.  n.  e. 
Springfield,  748  W. 

Fort  Hunter,  p-o.,  Florida  t.,  Montgomery 
co.,  N.  Y.,  38  w.  by  n.  Albany,  406  W.  Here 
are  the  ruins  of  an  old  fortification,  distinguished 
in  colonial  history. 

Fort  Jefferson,  p-o.,  Neave  t.,  Dark  co.,  O., 
95  w.  Columbus,  489  W.  The  v.  contains  1 
store  and  a  number  of  houses. 

Fort  Jesup,  p-o.,  Natchitoches  par.,  La.,  393 
w.  n.  w.  New  Orleans,  1,312  W.  Situated  about 
midway  between  Sabine  and  Red  rivers. 

Fort  Leavenworth,  p-v.,  adjoining  Platte  r., 
Mo.,  on  the  w.  side  of  Missouri  r.,  within  the  In- 
dian ter.  Here  are  situated  extensive  military 
works. 

Fort  Littleton,  p-o.,  Bedford  co.,Pa.,71  w. 
by  s.  Harrisburg,  115  W. 

Fort  Madison,  p-v.,  capital  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa. 
Situated  on  the  w.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  r.  A 
fortification  was  here  established  in  1808,  as  a  de- 
fence against  the  Indians,  who  obliged  the  garri- 
son to  abandon  it,  and  to  burn  the  fort,  in  1813, 
of  which  few  remains  are  now  seen.  It  has  be- 
come the  site  of  a  beautiful  v.,  founded  in  1835, 
and  containing  a  Presbyterian,  Baptist,  and 
Methodist  church,  5  stores,  4  commission  and 
forwarding  houses,  several  groceries,  various 
mechanics,  and  about  700  inhabitants.  The  ter- 
ritorial penitentiary  is  established  here,  and  a 
ferry  crosses  the  Mississippi  r. 

Fort  Miller,  p-v.,  Fort  Edward  t.,  Washing- 
ton co.,  N.  Y.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Hudson 
r.,  where  is  a  fall  of  about  20  feet,  and  a  state 
dam  8  feet  high,  for  feeding  the  Champlain  canal, 
which  passes  through  the  place.  The  village 
contains  1  church,  5  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m., 
1  fulling  m.  and  carding  machine,  40  dwellings, 
and  about  300  inhabitants. 

Fort  Osage,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Mo.,  158  w.  by 
N.  Jefferson  city,  1,074  W. 

Fort  Pickering,  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,  Tenn. 
™  vT<? LAIN- P-v-,  Minden  t.,  Montgomery  co., 
N.  Y.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of  the  Mohawk,  on 
the  Erie  canal.  Incorporated  in  1834.  It  con- 
tains 1  Dutch  Reformed  and  1  Universalist 
church,  1  bank,  16  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1 
plaster  m.,  1  furnace,  1  distillery,  200  dwellings, 
and  about  1,400  inhabitants.  Fine  stone  is  here 
quarried  for  canal  locks. 

Fort  Pleasant,  p-o.,  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich 
131  w.  s.  w.  Detroit,  587  W. 

Fort  Recovery,  p-o.,  Dark  co.,  O.,  114  w 
by  n.  Columbus,  508  W.  Established  by  Gen. 
Wayne. 

Fort  Seneca,  p-o.,  Seneca  co.,  O.,  95  n.  by 
w.  Columbus,  432  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side 
of  Sandusky  r.,  and  occupied  during  the  late  war. 


Fort  Smith,  p-v.,  Crawford  co.,  Ark.,  161  w. 
n.  w.  Little  Rock,  1,226  W.  Situated  on  the  a 
side  of  Arkansas  r.,  at  the  entrance  of  Poteau  r., 
on  the  extreme  western  border  of  the  state.  An 
extensive  fortification  is  now  being  erected  here, 
for  the  protection  of  the  western  frontier. 

Fortsmouth,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  Va.,  147  Rich- 
mond, 93  W. 

Fort  Snelling,  p-v.,  Iowa,  1,237  n.  w.  W. 
It  is  situated  on  the  s.  side  of  the  Mississippi  r.,  a 
short  distance  above  the  entrance  of  St.  Peter's  r. 
Here  are  situated  extensive  military  works,  for 
the  protection  of  the  northwestern  frontier. 

Fortsville,  p-o.,  Moreau  t.,  Saratoga  co.,  N. 
Y.,  48  n.  Albany,  418  W. 

Fort  Towson,  p-v.,  Indian  ter.,  W.  Arkansas, 
184  s.  w.  by  w.  Little  Rock,  1,289  W.  Situated 
a  little  n.  of  Red  r. 

Fort  Valley,  p-o.,  Houston  co.,  Ga. 

Fort  Wayne,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  cap.  of  Allen  co.,  Ta., 
131  n.  n.  E.  Indianapolis,  544  W.  Beautifully  situ- 
ated on  the  s.  side  of  Maumee  r.  It  is  incorpo- 
rated as  a  city,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
5  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  1  Meth- 
odist, 1  Lutheran,  and  1  Roman  Catholic — 4  acad- 
emies, 9  stores,  500  dwellings,  and  about  2,000 
inhabitants.  It  is  on  the  line  of  the  Wabash  and 
Erie  canals,  and  surrounded  by  a  rich  and  fer- 
tile country. 

Fort  Winnebago,  p-v.,  Portage  co.,  Wis.,  42 
N.  Madison,  889  W.  Situated  at  the  portage,  be- 
tween Wisconsin  and  Fox  rivers. 

Foster,  p-t.,  Providence  co.,  R.  I.,  19  w.  by 
s.  Providence,  386  W.  The  surface  is  uneven 
and  rough,  but  the  soil  is  adapted  to  grazing. 
Watered  by  the  head  branches  of  the  north 
branch  of  Pawtuxet  river,  which  afford  water 
power.  Incorporated  in  1781.  There  are  in  the 
t.,  11  stores,  cap.  $11,000;  2  furnaces,  1  fulling 
m.,  1  cotton  fac.  624  sp.,  1  tannery,  8  grist  m.,  12 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,645.  19  sch.  618 
scholars.     Pop.  2,181. 

Fosterdale,  p-o.,  Cochecton  t,  Sullivan  co., 
N.  Y.,  126  s.  w.  Albany,  298  W. 

Foster's,  p-o.,  Marion  co.,  111.,  95  s.  s,  E. 
Springfield,  755  W. 

Foster's,  p-o.,  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala.,  12  Tus- 
caloosa, 830  W. 

Foster's,  p-o.,  Union  co.,  Ark.  175  s.  Little 
Rock,  1,220  W. 

Foster's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Bledsoe  co., 
Tenn.,  Ill  e.  s.  e.  Nashville,  596  W. 

Foster's  Meadows,  p-o.,  Queens  co.,  N.  Y., 
162  s.  e.  Albany,  242  W. 

Fostersville,  p-o.,  Aurelius  t.,  Cayuga  co., 
N.  Y.,  159  w.  Albany,  338  W. 

Fosterville,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  Ga.,  75  w.  N. 
w.  Milledgeville,679W. 

Fosterville,  p-v.,  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn.,  46 
s.  E.  Nashville,  677  W. 

Foundryville,  p-o.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  99  n. 
n.  E.  Harrisburg,  209  W. 

Fountain,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  390  square  miles. 
Organized  in  1825.  Wabash  river  runs  on  its  w. 
border.  Watered  also  by  Coal.cr.  and  Shawnee 
or.,  tributaries  to  the  Wabash,  which  afford  good 
water  power.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
the  soil  very  fertile.  The  Wabash  and  Erie 
canal  passes  through  the  co.  Capital,  Covington. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  11,272,  sheep 
15,175,  swine  30,551;  wheat  111,118  bushels 
produced,  rye  7,976,  Ind.  corn  711,128,  buck- 
wheat 2,103,  oats  80,769,  potatoes  23,476,  sugar 
118,613  pounds,  bituminous  coal  10,000  bushels; 
40  stores,  cap.  $135,090 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
f*c,  6  tanneries,  9  distilleries,  10  flouring  m.,  8 


FOX 


219 


FRA 


grist  m.,  36  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  printing  office,  1 
weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $128,690. 
30  sch.  3,075  scholars.     Pop.  11,218. 

Fountain  Dale,  p-o.,  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  47  s.  w. 
Harrisburg,  71  W. 

Fountain  Green,  p-o.,  Chester  co.,  Pa. 

Fountain  Green,  p-o.,  Hancock  co.,  111.,  162 
w.  N.  w.  Springfield,  875  W. 

Fountain  Head,  p-o.,  Sumner  co.,  Tenn.,  38 
N.  n.  e.  Nashville,  682  W. 

Fountain  Inn,  p-o.,  Greenville  dist.,  S.  C,  89 
N.  w.  Columbia,  503  W. 

Fountain  Inn,  p-o.,  Callaway  co.,  Ky. 

Fountain  of  Health,  p-o.,  Cumberland  co., 
Pa.,  36  s.  w.  Harrisburg,  114  W. 

Fountain  Powder  Mills,  p-o.,  Hart  co.,  Ky., 
105  s.  w.  Frankfort,  622  W. 

Fountain  Spring,  p-o.,  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  75 
N.  E.  Harrisburg,  185  W. 

Fountain  Spring,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  Tenn., 
83  s.  e.  by  E.  Nashville,  637  W. 

Fourche  a  Renault,  p-v.,  Washington  co., 
Mo.,  103  s.  e.  Jefferson  city,  887  W.  Situated 
on  the  w.  side  of  Mineral  fork  of  Big  r.,  in  the 
midst  of  the  mineral  region. 

Fourche  Dumas,  p-o.,  Lawrence  co.,  Ark., 
154  n.  n.  e.  Little  Rock,  983  W. 

Four  Corners,  p-o.,  Ridgefield  t.,  Huron  co., 
O.,  8  w.  Norwalk,  110  n.  by  e.  Columbus. 

Four  Mile  Branch,  Barnwell  dist.,  S.  C, 
104  s.  by  w.  Columbia,  600  W. 

Four  Mile  Branch,  Monroe  co.,  Term.,  178 
E.  s.  e.  Nashville,  542  W. 

Fowler,  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.  Y.,  187  n. 
N.  w.  Albany,  456  W.  The  surface  is  moderately 
uneven ;  soil,  chiefly  a  fertile  clay  and  sandy 
loam.  Drained  by  Oswegatchie  r.  and  its  tribu- 
taries. It  lias  5  stores,  cap.  $5,600  ;  1  fulling  m., 
1  furnace,  2  forges,  4  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $2,700.   4  sch.  173  scholars.   Pop.  1,752. 

Fowler,  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  10  n.  Warren, 
183  n.  e.  Columbus,  303  W.  It  has  5  sch.  340 
scholars.    Pop.  935. 

Fowler's  Mills,  p-o.,  Geauga  co.,  O.,  169  n. 
e.  Columbus,  343  W. 

Fowlstown,  p-v.,  Decatur  co.,  Ga.,  11  s.  w. 
Bainbridge. 

Fox,  p-t.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  143  n.  w.  Harris- 
burg, 235  W.    Pop.  319. 

Fox,  t.,  Carroll  co.,  O.  Situated  in  the  E.  part 
of  the  county.  It  has  16  stores,  cap.  $39,500  ;  4 
tanneries,  2  distilleries,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
papers,  5  flouring  m.,  11  grist  m.,  14  saw  m.,  1  oil 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $30,250.  1  sch.  20  scholars. 
Pop.  1,491. 

Foxborough,  p-t,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  27  s.  s. 
w.  Boston,  418  W.  Organized  in  1778.  Water- 
ed by  Rumford  and  Cocasset  rivers,  branches  of 
Taunton  r.,  which  afford  water  power.  It  has 
considerable  manufactures.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$6,000 ;  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$96,900.    7  sch.  327  scholars.    Pop.  1,298. 

Foxchase,  p-o.,  Philadelphia  co.,  Pa.,  108  E. 
by  s.  Harrisburg,  148  W. 

Fox  Creek,  p-o.,  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  94  e.  Jef- 
ferson city,  842  W. 

Foxcroft,  p-t.,  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.,  83  n.  e. 
Augusta,  680  W.  It  has  11  sch.  401  scholars. 
Pop.  926. 

Fox,  r.,  111.,  one  of  the  principal  branches  of 
Illinois  r.,  rises  in  Wisconsin  ter.,  passes  through 
a  series  of  small  lakes  near  the  boundary  of  the 
state,  and  enters  Blinois  r.  at  Ottawa. 

Foxville,  p-v.,  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  100  n.  w. 
Annapolis,  71  W. 

Foxville,  p-o.,  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  116  n.  by 
w.  Richmond,  73  W.    Situated  on  the  Rappa- 


bannock  r.,  30  ms.  above  Fredericksburg.  It 
contains  1  store,  2  flouring  m.,  find  2  carding  ma- 
chines. Slate  is  found  in  the  neighborhood,  and 
a  white  sulphur  spring,  considerably  resorted  to. 

Fox  Springs,  (white  sulphur  and  chalybeate,) 
situated  10  e.  from  Flemingsburg,  Ky.,  between 
two  mountains.  It  is  a  pleasant  resort,  the 
country  in  the  vicinity  abounding  with  game. 

Foy's  Store,  p-o.,  Onslow  co.,  N.  C,  139  8. 
E.  Raleigh,  369  W. 

Frakus  Grove,  p-o.,  Stark  co.,  111.,  115  n.  by 
w.  Springfield,  829  W. 

Framingham,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  22  w. 
s.  w.  Boston,  418  W.  Incorporated  in  1700.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Watered  by  Sudbury  r.,  a  branch 
of  Concord  r,  which  affords  water  power.  It  has 
a  number  of  ponds,  resorted  to  for  fishing  and 
fowling.  Black  lead  is  found.  It  has  a  pleasant 
and  flourishing  village.  It  has  6  stores,  capital 
$31,800;  4  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  2  paper  fac, 
1  bindery,  4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$396,900.  1  acad.  77  students,  12  sch.  898  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  3,030. 

Francistown,  p-t.,  Hillsboro  co.,  N.  H.,  25  s. 
w.  Concord,  460  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  and 
rough,  but  the  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grazing. 
It  has  some  rich  intervals.  Watered  by  branches 
of  Piscataquog  r.,  issuing  from  considerable  ponds, 
which  afford  water  power.  The  important  road 
from  Boston  to  Windsor,  Vt.,  passes  through  it. 
It  has  a  pleasant  and  flourishing  village.  There 
are  in  the  t.  3  stores,  cap.  $12,500 ;  1  woollen 
fac,  2  tanneries,  5  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $16,100.  11  sch.  410  scholars.  Pop. 
1,307. 

Francisville,  p-v.,  Philadelphia  co.,  Pa.,  100 
E.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  140  W. 

Francisville,  p-v.,  Crawford  co.,  Ga.,  61  s. 
w.  Milledgeville,  718  W. 

Francisville,  p-v.,  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  87  n.  by 
E.  Frankfort,  513  W. 

Franco ni a,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  75  n.  Con- 
cord, 541  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and 
some  of  its  elevations  present  wild  and  pictur- 
esque scenery.  Profile  Mountain,  which  rises 
1,000  feet,  in  its  bare  rocky  summit,  is  thought  to 
present  a  striking  profile  of  a  human  face,  when 
seen  from  the  n.  Watered  by  the  s.  branch  of 
Lower  Amonoosuck  r.,  which  affords  water 
power,  and  on  which  are  extensive  iron  works 
and  other  mills.  A  rich  iron  ore  is  found  3  miles 
from  the  furnace,  which  yields  from  56  to  63  per 
cent.  The  New  Hampshire  Iron  Factory  Com- 
pany was  incorporated  in  1805,  composed  princi- 
pally of  gentlemen  in  Boston  and  Salem.  It  has 
1  store,  cap.  $1,700 ;  1  furnace,  1  forge,  1  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,375.  5  sch. 
175  scholars.     Pop.  523. 

Franconia,  p-t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  88  e. 
Harrisburg,  167  W.  The  surface  is  level,  and 
the  soil  red  shale.  Drained  by  the  n.  E.  branch 
of  Perkiomen  cr.,  Indian  cr.,  Pike  cr.,  and  Ship- 
pack  cr.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $12,000  ;  2  tanner- 
ies, 1  pottery.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,864.  Pop. 
1,183. 

Franconia,  p-v.,  Putnam  co.,  O.,  129  n.  w. 
Columbus,  498  W. 

Frank  ford,  t.,  Sussex  co.,  N.  J.  The  surface 
is  hilly  toward  the  w.,  running  on  to  Blue  moun- 
tain, the  remainder  is  valley  lands.  The  soil  is 
fertile,  underlaid  with  lime  and  slate.  Drained 
by  Papakating  cr.,  a  branch  of  Wallkill  r.  It  has 
5  stores,  cap.  $37,900;  1  fulling  m.,  1  furnace,  1 
forge,  3  tanneries,  6  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $45,405.  13  sch.  307  scholars.  Pop. 
2,410 

Frankford,  p-b.,  Oxford  t.,  Philadelphia  co., 


FRA 


220 


FRA 


Pa.,  104  e.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  5  n.  e.  Philadelphia, 
144  W.  Tacony  cr.  runs  on  its  w.  and  s.  border, 
and  affords  water  power.  It  contains  1  Luther- 
an and  1  Friends  church,  10  stores,  several  grist 
and  saw  m.,  1  calico  printing  works,  2  acad.  25 
students,  8  sch.  513  scholars.     Pop.  2,376. 

Frankford,  t.,  Cumberland  co.,.Pa.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly ;  soil,  slate.  Drained  by  Conedog- 
winit  cr.  and  its  branches.  The  n.  part  contains 
spurs  of  Blue  mountain,  and  McClure's  Gap  is  on 
the  e.  boundary.  There  is  a  sulphur  spring  in 
the  centre.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $200 ;  1  fulling 
m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  1  flouring  m.,  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,050.  4  sch.  159 
scholars.     Pop.  1,263. 

Frankford,  p-v.,  Greenbrier  co.,  Va.,  224  w. 
by  n.  Richmond,  261  W.  It  contains  1  Method- 
ist church,  2  stores,  1  tannery,  50  dwellings,  and 
about  250  inhabitants. 

Frankford,  p-v.,  Pike  co.,  Mo.,  90  n.  e.  Jef- 
ferson city,  894  W. 

Frankfort,  p-t,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  64  n.  e.  by 
E.  Augusta,  659  W.  Penobscot  r.  bounds  it  on 
the  e.  Watered  by  Marsh  r.,  which  affords  good 
water  power.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  it  has  great 
commercial  advantages,  as  the  river  here  renkins 
open  through  the  year.  The  principal  village  is 
on  Marsh  bay,  which  sets  up  from  Penobscot  r. 
It  has  36  stores,  cap.  $35,500 ;  1  com.  house,  cap. 
$2,000 ;  18  lumber  yards,  cap.  $54,400  ;  2  fulling 
m.,  3  tanneries,  5  grist  m.,  15  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $70,495.  23  sch.  953  scholars.  Pop. 
3,603. 

Frankfort,  p-t.,  Herkimer  co.,  N.  Y.,  86  n. 
w.  Albany,  397  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
broken  on  the  s.  In  the  n.  are  fertile  flats  on  the 
Mohawk.  The  v.  is  on  the  s.  side  of  the  Mohawk, 
on  the  Erie  canal,  and  contains  1  Dutch  Reformed 
and  1  Baptist  church,  8  stores,  1  woollen  fac,  1 
grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  distillery,  1  tannery,  100 
dwellings,  and  about  500  inhabitants.  There  are 
in  the  1. 14  stores,  cap.  $23,440 ;  1  furnace,  2  full- 
ing m.,  2  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2 
grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $48,600. 
15  sch.  630  scholars.    Pop.  3,096. 

Frankfort,  p-v.,  Hampshire  co.,  Va.,  203  n. 
n.  w.  Richmond,  131  W.  Situated  on  Patter- 
son's cr.,  and  contains  1  Episcopal  church,  3 
stores,  several  mechanic  shops,  30  dwellings,  and 
about  175  inhabitants. 

Frankfort,  p-v.,  Concord  t.,  Ross  co.,  O.,  59 
s.  Columbus,  414  W. 

Frankfort,  p-v.,  capital  of  Franklin  co.,  Ky., 
and  also  of  the  state,  is  22  w.  n.  w.  Lexington, 
51  e.  Louisville,  102  s.  s.  w.  Cincinnati,  542  W. 
In  38°  14'  n.  lat.,  84°  407  w.  Ion.  Pop.  1810, 
1,099;  1820,  1,679;  1830,  1,680;  1840,  1,917. 
Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Kentucky  r.,  60  miles 
above  its  entrance  into  Ohio  r.,  on  a  semicircular 
alluvial  plain,  from  150  to  200  feet  lower  than  the 
table  land  in  the  rear.  The  r.  is  here  about  80 
yards  wide,  and  after  heavy  rains,  frequently 
rises  60  feet.  It  contains  a  state  house,  of  rough 
marble,  86  by  54  feet,  with  a  handsome  Grecian 
ionic  portico  in  front,  a  court  house,  jail,  the  state 
penitentiary,  a  bank,  an  academy,  a  market 
house,  a  theatre,  3  churches,  and  various  manu- 
facturing establishments.  The  streets  are  regu- 
lar, and  the  houses  are  neat,  and  many  of  them 
elegant.  Steamboats  of  300  tons  come  up  to  this 
place  when  the  water  is  high,  and  a  large  amount 
of  foreign  goods  is  brought  here,  and  widely  sup- 

Elied  to  the  rich  and  fertile  country  around.  The 
anks  of  the  r.  here  are  high,  and  a  chain  bridge 
crosses  it  to  the  flourishing  village  of  South  Frank- 
fort, which  may  be  regarded  as  an  appendage, 
though  its  population  is  not  included  in  the  above. 


Large  vessels,  designed  to  navigate  the  ocean, 
have  been  built  here,  and  floated  to  New  Or- 
leans. 

Frankfort,  p-v.,  capital,  Clinton  co.,  la.,  42 
n.  n.  w.  Indianapolis,  600  W.  It  is  situated  on 
the  s.  fork  of  Wildcat  cr.,  near  the  margin  of  a 
prairie,  has  a  court  house,  jail,  3  churches,  and 
about  600  inhabitants. 

Frankfort,  p-v.,  capital,  Franklin  co.,  111., 
160  s.  s.  e.  Springfield,  811  W.  It  is  situated  on 
elevated  ground,  and  has  7  stores,  1  tannery,  1 
distillery,  various  mechanic  shops,  and  about  200 
inhabitants. 

Frankfort  Hill,  p-o.,  Frankfort  t.,  Herki- 
mer co.,  N.  Y.,  87  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  391  W. 

Frankfort  Mills,  p-o.,  Frankfort  t.,  Waldo 
co.,  Me.,  101  e.  n.  e.  Augusta,  683  W.  Situated 
at  the  head  of  the  tide  on  Marsh  r.,  4  ms.  from  its 
mouth,  where  is  good  water  power,  and  are  sev- 
eral mills. 

Frankfort  Springs,  p-v.,  Hanover  t.,  Bea- 
ver co.,  Pa.,  233  w.  by  n.  Harrisburg,  255  W.  It 
contains  3  stores,  and  about  40  dwellings. 

Franklin,  county,  Me.  Situated  in  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  was  organized  in  1838.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  in  some  parts  moun- 
tainous. The  soil  is  of  a  superior  quality,  adapt- 
ed both  to  grain  and  grazing.  The  streams  are 
small,  but  afford  water  power.  Sandy  r.  and 
Dead  r.  are  considerable  branches  of  Kennebec 
r.  Capital,  Farmington.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  19,835,  sheep  64,717,  swine  6,733; 
wheat  99,726  bush,  produced,  rye  4,304,  Ind.  corn 
38,182,  barley  13,187,  oats  96,027,  potatoes  615,600, 
sugar  36,488  pounds ;  53  stores,  cap.  $104,625  ; 
1  furnace,  6  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  20  tanne- 
ries, 2  potteries,  23  grist  m.,  44  saw  m.,  1  printing 
office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$112,003.     171  sch.  7,185  scholars.     Pop.  20,801. 

Franklin,  county,  Mass.  Situated  in  the  n. 
and  toward  the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains 
650  sq.  ms.     Drained  by  Connecticut  r.,  which 

S  asses  through  its  centre,  and  by  its  tributaries, 
tiller's  r.  on  the  e.,  and  Green  and  Deerfield  rs. 
on  the  w.  Organized  in  1811.  Much  of  the  soil 
is  very  fertile,  and  its  streams  afford  extensive 
water  power.  Capital,  Greenfield.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  28,790,  sheep  61,210,  swine 
11,352 ;  wheat  21,489  bush,  prod.,  rve  68,635,  Ind. 
corn  161,338,  buckwheat  10,133,  barley  2,212,  oats 
149,578,  potatoes  422,599,  sugar  144,186  pounds, 
83  stores,  cap.  $207,900  ;  2  furnaces,  25  fulling 
m.,  8  woollen  fac,  8  cotton  fac.  9,098  sp.,  36  tan- 
neries, 3  distilleries,  41  grist  m.,  144  saw  m.,  3 
printing  offices,  2  binderies,  2  weekly  newspa- 
pers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $454,892.  8  acad.  870 
students,  241  sch.  8,512  scholars.    Pop.  28,812. 

Franklin,  county,  Vt.  Situated  in  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  having  Lake  Champlain  on  its 
w.  border.  Near  the  lake  the  surface  is  level, 
and  toward  the  E.  it  is  hilly.  The  soil  is  produc- 
tive, and  adapted  to  grain  and  to  grazing.  Wa- 
tered by  Missisque  r.  on  the  if.',  and  partially  by 
Lamoille  r.  on  the  s.,  which  afford  extensive  wa- 
ter power.  A  fine  clouded  marble  is  found  at 
Swanton,  and  extensively  exported.  Capital,  St. 
Albans.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  26,965, 
sheep  87,385,  swine  8,935  ;  wheat  48,686  bushels 
produced,  rye  10,144,  Ind.  corn  65,534,  buckwheat 
9,603,  barley  599,  oats  94,700,  potatoes  709,396, 
sugar  400,775  pounds  ;  64  stores,  cap.  $141,200  ; 
12  fulling  m.,  4  woollen  fac,  19  tanneries,  20  grist 
m.,  63  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  1  bind- 
ery, 2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$206,910.  3  acad.  148  students,  155  sch.  4,361 
scholars.  Pop.  24,531. 
Franklin,  county,  N.  Y.     Situated  in  the  n. 


FRA 


221 


FRA 


E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,527  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous,  except m the 
N.  part,  where  it  is  level,  or  gently  undulating. 
The  soil  is  various,  but  much  of  it  a  sandy  loam 
and  very  productive.  Drained  by  Saranac  r.  E., 
and  by  Chateaugay,  Salmon,  Trout,  Deer,  St. 
Regis,  and  Racket  rivers  n.  Capital,  Malone. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  17,800,  sheep 
39,024,  swine  12,213;  wheat  64,4 14  bush,  produc- 
ed, rye  15,017,  Indian  corn  55,537,  buckwheat 
22,685,  barley  4,084,  oats  89,204,  potatoes  468,706, 
hops  25,021  pounds,  sugar  227,049 ;  40  stores,  cap. 
$163,531;  2  furnaces,  4  forges,  8  fulling  m.,  3 
woollen  fee,  15  tanneries,  17  grist  m.,  42  saw  m., 
1  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $145,798.  1  academy,  111  sch. 
4,749  scholars.    Pop.  16,518. 

Franklin,  county,  Pa.  Central,  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  734  sq.  ms.  Organized 
in  1784.  It  lies  in  the  Kittatinny  valley,  which 
is  the  great  limestone  valley  of  the  state.  South 
Mountain  and  Tuscarora,  or  Cove  mountain,  trav- 
erse it.  Iron  ore  is  abundant,  and  white  marble 
exists.  The  soil  is  fertile,  well  cultivated,  and 
productive.  Watered  by  Conecocheague  and 
Conedogwinit  creeks  and  their  branches,  which 
afford  extensive  water  power.  Capital,  Chambers- 
burg.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  27,666, 
sheep  29,709,  swine  53,757 ;  wheat  661,905  bush, 
produced,  rye  216,364,  Ind.  corn  755,183,  buck- 
wheat 16,991,  barley  2,669,  oats  648,005,  potatoes 
109,355,  111  stores,  cap.  $424,400;  8  furnaces,  11 
forges,  7  fulling  m.,  9  woollen  fee,  37  tanneries, 
40  distilleries,  1  brewery,  5  potteries,  1  rope  fee, 
33  flouring  m.,  64  grist  m.,  119  saw  m.,  7  oil  m., 
1  paper  factory,  4  printing  offices,  3  binderies,  4 
weekly  and  1  semi-weekly  newspapers.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $436,610.  1  col.  64  students,  7  acad. 
218  students,  158  sch.  5,745  scholars.  Pop.  37,793. 

Franklin,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  a  little  n. 
E.  of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  540  sq. 
ms.  Watered  by  Tar  r.,  which  rims  through  the 
middle,  and  Fishing  cr.  on  its  n.  border.  Sur- 
face, level;  soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Louisburg. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,011,  sheep  7,318, 
swine  25,940  ;  wheat  14,456  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  437,277,  oats  577,993,  potatoes  31,653,  silk 
cocoons  300  pounds,  tobacco  451,909,  cotton 
538,320 ;  value  of  gold  produced,  $200,000 ;  17 
stores,  cap.  $138,700;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $2,000; 

1  furnace,  3  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  31  grist  m., 
10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $30,575.  6  acad. 
163  students,  18  sch.  225  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
5,227,  slaves  5,320,  free  col'd  433 ;  total,  10,980. 

Franklin,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  680  sq.  ms.  Or- 
ganized in  1788.  Tugaloo  r.  runs  on  its  n.  e.  bor- 
der. Drained  by  branches  of  n.  fork  of  Broad  r. 
Surface,  hilly ;  soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Carnesville. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,217,  sheep 
6,776,  swine  17,333;  wheat  45,999  bush,  produc- 
ed, Ind.  corn  314,288,  oats  30,102,  potatoes  16,807, 
rice  1,920  pounds,  tobacco  11,706,  cotton  297,525; 
15  stores,  cap.  $21,910  ;  1  tannery,  35  distilleries, 

2  flouring  m.,  25  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $28,825.  1  acad.  19  students,  10  sch. 
256  scholars.  Pop.  whites  7,754,  slaves  2,095, 
free  col'd  37  ;  total,  9,886. 

Franklin,  county,  Flor.  Situated  in  the  s. 
part  of  the  N.  division  of  the  territory.  Organiz- 
ed in  1832.  Watered  by  Appalachicola  r.,  which 
runs  along  its  western  border.  Bounded  s.  by 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  The  lands  are  low  and  wet, 
with  many  ponds  and  swamps.  The  islands  of 
St.  George  and  St.  Vincent  belong  to  it.  The  soil 
bordering  on  the  rivers  is  very  rich.  Capital, 
Appalachicola.    There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 


254,  swine  301 ;  Ind.  corn  75  bush,  produced  ;  21 
commercial  houses  in  for.  trade,  cap.  $273,000 ; 
34  stores,  cap.  $211,200;  6  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  2 
printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Pop. 
whites  782,  slaves  1,142,  free  col'd  26;  total,  1,030. 

Franklin,  county,  Ala.  Situated  in  the  n. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  648  sq.  ms. 
Watered  by  Cedar,  Bear,  Little  Bear,  and  Spring 
creeks.  Surface,  hilly ;  soil,  fertile.  Capital, 
Russellville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
14,174,  sheep  6,311,  swine  44,752;  wheat  34,184 
bush,  produced,  rye  3,920,  Ind.  com  759,950,  oats 
62,114,  potatoes  28,128,  tobacco  12,648  pounds, 
cotton  10,823,897;  3  commission  houses,  capital 
$20,000 ;  14  stores,  cap.  $150,500 ;  3  tanneries,  2 
flouring  m.,  6  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $24,200.  1  college,  90  students,  1  acad.  25 
students,  15  schools.  Pop.  whites  8,236,  slaves 
6,005,  free  col'd  29 ;  total,  14,270. 

Franklin,  county,  Miss.  Situated  in  the  s. 
w.  part  in  the  state,  and  contains  720  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  branches  of  Homochitto  r.,  and  head 
waters  of  Amite  r.  The  soil  on  the  rivers  is  fer- 
tile, but  otherwise  consists  of  pine  barrens.  The 
surface  is  slightly  uneven.  Capital,  Meadville. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,972,  sheep 
2,215,  swine  14,002 ;  Ind.  com  153,520  bush,  pro- 
duced, oats  2,140,  potatoes  19,693,  rice  24,792 
pounds,  cotton  2,825,999 ;  10  stores,  cap.  $12,000 ; 

9  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $24,550. 

10  sch.  147  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,063,  slaves 
2,699,  free  col'd  13  ;  total,  4,775. 

Franklin,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  centrally 
in  the  s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  840  sq. 
ms.  Cumberland  mountain  runs  on  its  s.  E.  bor- 
der. Drained  by  Duck  r.,  and  Elk,  Paint,  and 
Rock  creeks.  The  surface  is  uneven  and  rough, 
and  the  soil  productive.  Capital,  Winchester. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  11,107,  sheep 
9,531,  swine  39,334 ;  wheat  49,869  bush,  produc- 
ed, Ind.  com  644,960,  oats  102,929,  potatoes  20,286, 
tobacco  4,600  pounds,  cotton  311,818;  16  stores, 
cap.  $147,500  ;  9  cotton  fac.  1,360  sp.,  5  tanneries, 
26  distilleries,  11  flouring  m.,  14  grist  m.,  8  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $95,880.  8  sch.  212  schol- 
ars. Pop.  whites  8,935,  slaves  3,085,  free  col'd 
13 ;  total,  12,033. 

Franklin,  county,  Ky.  Situated  a  little  n. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  200  sq 
ms.  Kentucky  r.  runs  through  it  and  on  its  w. 
border.  Elkhorn  r.,  a  branch  of  Kentucky  r., 
runs  through  it.  Surface,  hilly ;  soil,  fertile.  Cap- 
ital, Frankfort.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
5,790,  sheep  8,262,  swine  15,310  ;  wheat  45,401 
bush,  produced,  rye  12,295,  Ind.  corn  268,550,  oats 
57,495,  potatoes  10,081,  tobacco  113,300  pounds; 
2  commission  houses,  cap.  $12,000  ;  23  stores,  cap. 
$110,350;  1  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fee,  4  tanne- 
ries, 4  rope  fac,  1  distillery,  6  flouring  m.,  9  grist 
m.,  5  saw  m.,  1  paper  fee,  2  printing  offices,  3 
weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $119,080. 
4  acad.  83  students,  5  schools.  Pop.  whites  6,337, 
slaves  2,849,  free  col'd  234  ;  total,  9,420. 

Franklin,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  centre 
of  the  state,  and  contains  529  sq.  ms.  Watered 
by  Scioto  and  Whetstone  or  Olentangy  rivers, 
and  by  Alum,  Big  Walnut  or  Gahannah,  Black- 
lick,  and  Darby  creeks,  branches  of  the  Scioto  r. 
The  surface  is  level,  and  rather  low  and  wet. 
The  soil  is  fertile,  particularly  on  the  streams, 
and  well  cultivated,  but  in  most  parts  adapted  to 
grazing.  Capital,  Columbus.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  15,460,  sheep  21,428,  swine 
36,241 ;  wheat  243,991  bush,  produced,  rye  3,595, 
Ind.  com  1,009,764,  buckwheat  3,750,  oats  223,942, 
potatoes  64,678,  sugar  76,659  pounds ;  7  com. 
houses  in  for.  trade,  cap.  $63,000;  86  stores,  cap. 


FRA 


222 


FRA 


$365  133;  3  lumber  yards,  cap.  $12,000;  2  fur- 
naces 1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  14  tanneries, 
6  distilleries,  3  breweries,  3  potteries,  10  flouring 
m  11  grist  m.,  45  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.,  4  printing  of- 
fices, 3  binderies,  1  daily,  4  weekly,  1  semi-week- 
ly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $391,770.  1 
college,  25  students,  3  acad.  123  students,  34  sell. 
827  scholars.     Pop.  25,049. 

Franklin,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  s.  E. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  400  sq.  ms.  Wa- 
tered by  branches  of  White  Water  r.,  affording 
extensive  water  power.  The  land  is  rolling  and 
fertile  E.,  level  to  the  w.  The  White  Water  ca- 
nal passes  through  the  county.  Capital,  Brook- 
ville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,296, 
sheep  12,834,  swine  17,771 ;  wheat  30,230  bush, 
produced,  rye  1,659,  Ind.  corn  370,361,  buckwheat 
1,067,  barley  1,087,  oats  97,535,  potatoes  4,345, 
hops  2,845  pounds ;  18  stores,  cap.  $177,200 ;  1 
fulling  m.,  3  distilleries,  1  rope  fac,  1  flouring  m., 
8  grist  m.,  15  saw  m.,  1  paper  fac,  2  printing  offi- 
ces, 2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$4,920.  1  acad.  137  students,  27  sch.  995  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  13,349. 

Franklin,  county,  111.  Situated  toward  the 
s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  864  sq.  ms.  Or- 
ganized in  1818.  Watered  by  Big  Muddy  r.  and 
its  branches,  and  the  s.  fork  of  Saline  cr.  The 
soil  is  fertile  if  well  cultivated.  Capital,  Frank- 
fort. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,600,  sheep 
3,286,  swine  13,199;  wheat  13,680  bush,  produced, 
Ind.  corn  205,914,  oats  41,140,  potatoes  4,308,  to- 
bacco 14,374  pounds,  cotton  23,650 ;  14  stores, 
cap.  $17,600;  1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  12  grist  m., 
2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,100.  9  sch.  200 
scholars.    Pop.  3,682. 

Franklin,  county,  Mo.  Situated  toward  the 
E.  part  of  the  state.  The  Missouri  r.  runs  on  its 
N.  boundary.  Watered  by  Maramec  r.  and  Bour- 
beuse  river,  its  principal  tributary,  which  affords 
good  water  power.  Several  small  rivers  enter 
the  Missouri  on  the  n.  The  surface  is  slightly 
uneven,  and  the  soil  generally  fertile.  Capital, 
Union.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,142, 
sheep  7,607,  swine  20,640 ;  wheat  33,108  bush, 
produced,  rye  498,  Ind.  corn  264,062,  oats  42,699, 
potatoes  13,424,  tobacco  262,490  pounds,  cotton 
449,  sugar  5,716;  2  smelting  houses  produced 
990,000  pounds  of  lead  ;  25  stores,  cap.  $65,530 ; 
4  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  powder  m.,  1  flouring 
m.,  14  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac. 
$23,387.  2  acad.  50  students,  22  sch.  454  schol- 
ars. Pop.  whites  6,447,  slaves  1,054,  free  col'd 
14;  total,  7,515. 

Franklin,  county,  Ark.  Situated  in  the  N. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  800  sq.  miles. 
The  Arkansas  river  passes  centrally  through  it. 
The  surface  is  hilly  and  brokerf ;  soil,  on  the  mar- 
gins of  streams,  fertile.  Capital,  Ozark.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,776,  sheep  1,141,  swine 
15,123;  wheat  3,548  bush,  produced,  Ind.com 
173,503,  oats  6,737,  potatoes  8,657,  tobacco  7,759 
pounds,  cotton  33,012  ;  8  stores,  cap.  $42,500  ;  2 
tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$15,400.  6  sch.  133  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,257, 
slaves  400,  free  col'd  8  ;  total,  2,665. 

Franklin,  p-t.,  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  101  e.  by  n. 
Augusta,  683  W.  Situated  at  the  head  of  Taun- 
ton bay,  a  N.  branch  of  Frenchman's  bay.  In- 
corporated in  1825.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $7,000 ; 
2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $3,933.    7  sch.  186  scholars.    Pop.  502. 

Franklin,  p-t.,  Merrimac  co.,  N.  H.,  18  n.  n. 
w.  Concord,  499  W.  Watered  by  Pemigewasset 
and  Winnipisiogee  rs.,  which  afford  good  water 
power,  and  here  unite  and  form  Merrimac  r.,  which 


corporated  in  1828.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $12,000  ; 
1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $34,000.  10  sch.  365  scholars.  Pop.  1,280. 
Franklin,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Vt,  70  n.  n.  w. 
Montpelier,  550  W.  Chartered  in  1789,  by  the 
name  of  Huntsburg.  Watered  by  Rocherr.  and 
branches  of  Missisque  r.  The  surface  is  rough, 
but  the  soil  well  adapted  to  grazing.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $3,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $6,000.  15  sch.  259  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,410. 

Franklin,  p-t.,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  31  s.  w.  by 
s.  Boston,  424  W.  Watered  by  Charles  r.  and 
its  branches,  which  afford  good  water  power. 
The  former  forms  its  n.  boundary.  Organized  in 
1778.  It  has  considerable  manufactures,  espe- 
cially in  straw  bonnets,  which  in  1840  were  manu- 
factured to  the  value  of  $164,077.  It  has  7  stores, 
cap.  $10,500  ;  4  cotton  fac.  3,800  sp.,  3  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $82,000.  10  sch.  454 
scholars.    Pop.  1,717. 

Franklin,  p-t.,  New  London  co.,  Ct.,  37  s.  e. 
Hartford,  358  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil, 
a  gravelly  loam,  and  tolerably  fertile,  suited  to 
grazing.  Shetucket  r.  runs  on  its  n.  e.  border. 
Watered  by  Susquetonscut  r.,  a  branch  of  Yan- 
tic  r.,  and  Beaver  brook,  which  afford  water  pow- 
er. It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $2,000 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $18,000.  10  sch.  298  scholars.  Pop.  1,000. 
Franklin,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.,  N.  Y.,  84  s.  w. 
Albany,  344  W.  The  surface  is  broken  ;  soil,  a 
fertile  reddish  loam.  Drained  by  Oleout  cr.  and 
its  branches.  The  v.  contains  1  Baptist  and  1 
Methodist  church,  an  academy,  6  stores,  100 
dwellings,  and  about  700  inhabitants.  There  are 
in  the  t.,  5  stores,  cap.  $23,500 ;  3  fulling  m.,  3  tan- 
neries, 3  grist  m.,  19  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$22,150.  1  acad.  250  students,  25  sch.  911  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  3,025. 

Franklin,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  N.  Y.,  25  s.  e.  Ma- 
lone,  187  N.  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
mountainous,  soil,  various.  Drained  by  Sara- 
nac  r.  and  its  tributaries,  and  by  Salmon  r.  It 
has  several  small  lakes.  It  has  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $2,400.  3  sch.  44  scholars.  Pop.  192. 
Franklin,  t.,  Warren  co.,  N.  J.  Musconetcong 
cr.  runs  on  its  s.  w.  border.  Watered  by  Pohat- 
cong  cr.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $3,500 ;  2  grist  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,300.  6  sch.  440  scholars. 
Pop.  1,347. 

Franklin,  t,  Somerset  co.,  N.  J.,  7  s.  e.  Som- 
ervilie.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  on  the 
s.  w.  hilly.  Drained  by  Millstone  and  Raritan 
rivers,  and  Six  Mile  run.  It  has  14  stores,  cap. 
$22,500 ;  5  lumber  yards,  cap.  $27,000  ;  2  fulling 
m.,  2  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  1  printing  office,  2 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $78,400. 
1  college,  115  students,  1  acad.  56  students,  11 
sch.  275  scholars.    Pop.  3,878. 

Franklin,  t.,  Bergen  co.,  N.  J.,  13  n.  w.  Hack- 
ensack.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  soil,  gravel, 
loam,  and  sand,  underlaid  with  sandstone,  and 
generally  well  cultivated  and  productive.  It  has 
extensive  manufactories.  It  has  10  stores,  cap. 
$8,600  ;  6  cotton  fac.  4,398  sp.,  4  tanneries,  4  dis- 
tilleries, 5  paper  fac,  15  grist  m.,  25  sawm.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $40,633.  13  sch.  462  scholars.  Pop. 
4,010. 

Franklin,  t.,  Gloucester  co.,  N.  J.,  15  s.  e. 
Woodbury.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  sandy, 
covered  with  pine  forest.  Drained  by  Racoon 
cr.,  the  sources  of  Maurice  r.,  and  branches  of 
Great  Egg  Harbor  r.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $12,800 ; 
4  glass  houses,  2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $82,000.  7  sch.  535  scholars.  Pop.  2,077. 


runs  centrally  through  the  s.  part  of  the  t.    In- 1     Franklin,  p-b.,  and  capital  of  Venango  co., 


FRA 


223 


FRA 


Pa.,  210  w.  N.  w.  Harrisburg,  284  W.  Situated 
on  the  s.  side  of  French  cr.,  at  its  junction  with 
Alleghany  r.  Organized  1795.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  3  churches — 1  Episcopal,  1 
Methodist,  and  1  Cumberland  Presbyterian — 2 
academies,  11  stores,  1  grist  ra.,  2  forges,  120 
dwellings,  and  about  600  inhabitants.  A  bridge, 
200  feet  long,  crosses  French  cr.  There  is  good 
steamboat  navigation,  by  boats  of  60  or  100  tons, 
5  months  in  the  year,  on  the  Alleghany  river. 
A  canal  is  in  progress  to  connect  the  Alleghany 
r.  at  this  place  with  Lake  Erie.  It  has  11  stores, 
cap.  $34,700 :  2  tanneries,  1  pottery,  1  printing 
office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$6,100.    2  sch.  70  scholars.    Pop.  595. 

Franklin,  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  9  n.  Union.  The 
surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  loam.  Watered  by  Youghi- 
ogheny  r.  and  Redstone  cr.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$2,500 ;  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  m 
manufac.  $5,050.  5  sch.  235  scholars.  Pop.   1,396. 

Franklin,  t.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1 
tannery.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $550.  5  sch.  120 
scholars.    Pop.  515. 

Franklin,  t.,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $1,500 ;  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1 
distillery,  5  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$33,910.    3  sch.  71  scholars.    Pop.  1,713. 

Franklin,  t.,  Adams  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is 
level;  soil,  red  shale.  Watered  by  Conewago 
and  Conecocheague  creeks,  and  branches  of 
Marsh  cr.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $13,500 ;  1  full- 
ing m.,  2  woollen  fac,  6  tanneries,  6  flouring  m., 

5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $39,400.  6  sch.  215 
scholars.     Pop.  1,698. 

Franklin,  t.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  4  Harrisburg,  100 
W.  Drained  by  a  branch  of  Bermudian  cr.  It 
has  4  stores,  cap.  $6,000 ;  1  tannery,  3  distiller- 
ies, 2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$17,000.     Pop.  819. 

Franklin,  t,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous ;  soil,  calcareous  loam.  Drain- 
ed by  the  w.  branch  of  Little  Juniata  r.,  on  its 
s.  boundary,  and  Warrior's  run  and  Spruce  cr. 
It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $26,200 ;  2  furnaces,  8  forges, 
2  woollen  fac,  5  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $8,077.  7  sch.  210  scholars.  Pop. 
1,376. 

Franklin,  t.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $3,000 ;  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $5,620.    3  sch.  97  scholars.    Pop.  351. 

Franklin,  t.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.  It  has 
9  stores,  cap.  $17,100 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  3  tanneries,  1  pottery,  8  flouring  m.,  1  grist 
m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $22,052.  4  sen.  50 
scholars.    Pop.  2,320. 

Franklin,  t.,  Greene  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is 
rolling ;  soil,  loam.  Drained  by  Ten  Mile  creek 
and  its  tributaries.  It  contains  Waynesburg 
borough,  the  capital  of  the  co.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $2,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  6  distilleries, 

6  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$17,715.    6  sch.  158  scholars.    Pop.  1,486. 

Franklin,  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $1,000 ;  4  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $1,900.    5  sch.  205  scholars.    Pop.  955. 

Franklin,  p-v.,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  34  n.  An- 
napolis, 44  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  bank  of  the  s. 
branch  of  Patapsco  r.,  20  miles  from  its  source. 
It  contains  2  stores,  2  tanneries,  various  mechan- 
ics, 40  dwellings,  and  about  250  inhabitants. 

Franklin,  p-v.,  capital  of  Pendleton  co.,  Va., 
171  n.  w.  Richmond,  171  W.  Situated  on  the 
w.  side  of  the  s.  branch  of  Potomac  r.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  and  about  40  dwellings, 
or  other  buildings. 

Franklin,  p-v.,  capital  of  Macon  co.,  N.  C,  33 
w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  561  W.     Situated  on  the  w. 


side  of  a  s.  branch  of  Tennessee  r.  It  contains  a 
court  house  and  several  dwellings. 

Franklin,  p-v.,  capital,  Heard  co.,  Gn.,  131  w. 
Milledgeville,  738  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side 
of  the  Chattahoochee,  and  contains  u  court  house, 
jail,  1  Methodist  church,  and  30  dwellings. 

Franklin,  p-v.,  and  depot,  Henry  co.,  Ala., 
222  s.  E.  Tuscaloosa,  830  W.  It  is  on  the  Mont- 
gomery and  West  Point  railroad,  33  i  miles  from 
Montgomery. 

Franklin,  p-v.,  Holmes  co.,  Miss.,  55  n.  Jack- 
son, 1,004  W.    Situated  on  Big  Cy press  cr. 

Franklin,  p-v.,  capital  of  St.  Mary's  par.,  La., 
144  w.  by  s.  New  Orleans,  1,315  W.  Situated 
on  the  w.  side  of  the  Bayou  Teche.  It  contains 
a  court  house  and  several  dwellings. 

Franklin,  p-v.,  capital  of  Williamson  co., 
Term.,  18  s.  Nashville,  695  W.  Situated  on  the 
s.  side  of  Harpeth  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Franklin,  p-v.,  capital  of  Simpson  co.,  Ky., 
164  s.  w.  Frankfort,  688  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Drake's  cr.,  a  branch  of  Barren  r.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  a  church,  and  several 
dwellings. 

Franklin,  p-t.,  Warren  co.,  O.,  84  w.  a.  w. 
Columbus,  474  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  bank  of 
Great  Miami  r.,  above  the  mouth  of  Clear  creek 
The  Miami  canal  passes  through  it.  It  contains 
2  churches,  and  has  a  printing  office,  which  is- 
sues a  weekly  newspaper. 

Franklin,  t.,  Adams  co.,  O.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $12,000;  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Pop.  1,355. 

Franklin,  t.,  Brown  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,199. 

Franklin,  t.,  Clermont  co.,  O.  Ohio  r.  runs  on 
its  s.  border.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $13,150 ;  2  tan- 
neries, 2  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $22,000.   2  sch.  97  scholars.   Pop.  2,218. 

Franklin,  t.,  Coshocton  co.,  O.  Situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  Muskingkum  r.  Organized  in  1814. 
Pop.  j670. 

Franklin,  t,  Columbiana  co.,  O.  It  has  5 
sch.  344  scholars.    Pop.  894. 

Franklin,  t.,  Darke  co.,  O.    Pop.  300. 

Franklin,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  O.  Situated  on 
the  w.  side  of  Scioto  r.  Organized  in  1804.  It 
has  2  sch.  40  scholars.    Pop.  1,116. 

Franklin,  t.,  Harrison  co.,  O.  It  has  4  sch. 
119  scholars.    Pop.  1,117. 

Franklin,  t.,  Knox  co.,  O.  It  has  10  sch.  389 
scholars.    Pop.  1,337. 

Franklin,  t.,  Licking  co.,  O.  The  national 
road  passes  through  it.    Pop.  1,131. 

Franklin,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  O.  It  has  1  sch.  50 
scholars.    Pop.  1,137. 

Franklin,  t.,  Richland  co.,  O.  The  soil  is 
rich.  Drained  by  the  head  waters  of  Mohiccan 
cr.    It  has  341  scholars  in  schools.    Pop.  1,490. 

Franklin,  t.,  Ross  co.,  O.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Scioto  r.    Pop.  589. 

Franklin,  t.,  Shelby  co.,  O.  It  has  1  sch.  15 
scholars.    Pop.  647. 

Franklin,  t.,  Jackson  co.,  O.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $200.    2  sch.  58  scholars.    Pop.  1,056. 

Franklin,  t,  Wayne  co.,  O.  It  has  cap.  in 
manufac.  $50.    Pop.  1,504. 

Franklin,  t.,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $6,000 ;  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$1,500.    7  sch.  305  scholars.    Pop.  1,023. 

Franklin,  p-v.,  Southfield  t.,  Oakland  co., 
Mich.,  28  n.  w.  Detroit,  550  W. 

Franklin,  p-v.,  capital,  Johnson  co.,  la.,  20  s. 
Indianapolis,  591  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of 
Youngs  cr.,  on  a  high  bluff,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  2  churches,  2  seminaries,  6  stores,  and  400 
inhabitants. 


FRA 


224 


FRE 


Franklin,  t,  Floyd  co.,  la.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap  $15,000 ;  1  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac.  $5,100.    Pop.  606. 

Franklin,  t,  Henry  co.,  la.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $2,700;  1  distillery,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,450.    Pop.  1,532. 

Franklin,  t.,  Harrison  co.,  la.  It  has  3  dis- 
tilleries, 1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  sch.  30  scholars. 

Pop-  1,113.  ,       T   ,      ,ft   : 

Franklin,  t.,  Owen  co.,  la.  It  has  19  stores, 
cap.  $39,425  ;  1  woollen  fac,  4  tanneries,  8  dis- 
tilleries, 1  brewery,  1  flouring  m.,  25  grist  m.,  16 
saw  in.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $29,565.  1 
sch.  22  scholars.    Pop.  865. 

Franklin,  t.,  Putnam  co.,  la.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $4,000;  1  distillery,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,450.    1  sch.  17  scholars. 

P°P-  "6-  ,  ,_      sA 

Franklin,  t.,  Marion  co.,  la.    It  has  40  stores, 

cap.  $81,000 ;  2  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  500 

sp.,  2  tanneries,  1  brewery,  2  potteries,  3  printing 

offices,  2  binderies,  2  weekly  and  1  semi-weekly 

newspapers,  1  flouring  m.,  5  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.,  2 

oil  ra.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $43,875.    Pop.  1,291. 

Franklin,  t,  Montgomery  co.,  la.  It  has  5 
sch.  40  scholars.    Pop.  947. 

Franklin,  t.,  Washington  co.,  la.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $2,000 ;  6  tanneries,  1  flouring  m.,  3 
grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $23,500. 
5  sch.  115  scholars.    Pop.  2,478. 

Franklin,  t,  Wayne  co.,  la.  It  has  5  sch. 
115  scholars.    Pop.  1,149. 

Franklin,  p-v.,  Morgan  co.,  111.,  43  w.  s.  w. 
Springfield,  815  W. 

Franklin,  p-t.,  Howard  co.,  Mo.,  53  n.  w. 
Jefferson  city,  967  W.  The  v.  is  pleasantly  sit- 
uated on  the  n.  side  of  the  Missouri  r.,  at  the 
mouth  of  Bonne  Femme  r.  Pop.  of  the  t.  2,015. 
4  sch.  125  scholars. 

Franklin,  t.,  Livingston  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  587. 

Franklin,  p-v.,  Walworth  co.,  Wis.,  75  s.  E 
Madison,  798  W. 

Franklin,  t.,  Milwaukee  co.,  Wis.    It  has  1 

?rist  m.,  1  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,000 
op.  248. 

Franklin,  t.,  Chicot  co.,  Ark. 
Franklin,  t.,  Izard  co.,  Ark, 
26  scholars.    Pop.  276. 

Franklin,  t.,  Sevier  co.,  Ark 
12  scholars.    Pop.  296. 

Franklin,  t.,  Union  co.,  Ark. 
scholars.    Pop.  649. 

Franklin  Academy,  p-o.,  Upson  co 
w.  by  s.  Milledgeville,  715  W. 

Franklin  City,  p-v.,  Franklin  t,  Norfolk  co., 
Mass.,  28  w.  by  s.  Boston,  427  W. 

Franklindale,  v.,  Fishkill  t.,  Dutchess  co., 
N.  Y.  It  contains  1  church,  1  calico  print  fac, 
1  comb  fac,  1  large  flouring  m.,  and  30  or  40 
dwellings. 

Franklindale,  p-o.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  138  n. 
Harrisburg,  258  W. 

Franklin  Depot,  p-o.,  Southampton  co.,  Va., 
80  s.  s.  e.  Richmond,  199  W. 

Franklin  Furnace,  p-o.,  Hardiston  t.,  Sussex 
co.,  N.  J.,  84  n.  Trenton,  252  W. 

Franklin  Furnace,  p-v.,  Green  t.,  Scioto  co., 
O.,  105  s.  Columbus,  421  W. 

Franklin  Mills,  p-v.,  Franklin  t.,  Portase 
co.,  O.,  134  n.  E.  Columbus,  325  W.  Situated 
on  the  Cuyahoga  r.,  which  has  here  fine  falls, 
creating  a  great  water  power.  It  contains  a  glass 
fac,  several  mills,  and  a  pleasant  village,  con- 
taining some  fine  nouses  and  stores.  The  Penn- 
sylvania and  Ohio  canal  passes  through  the  v. 

Franklin  Square,  p-v.,  Salem  t.,  Columbi- 
ana co.,  O.,  155  n.  E.  Columbus,  285  W.    Situ- 


Pop.  227. 
It  has  1  sch. 

It  has  1  sch. 

It  has  1  sch.  12 

Ga.,  76 


ated  at  the  junction  of  Cherry  Fork,  and  Middle 
Fork  of  Little  Beaver  r.  It  contains  2  stores,  1 
extensive  woollen  fac,  1  oil  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and 
about  30  dwellings,  and  151  inhabitants. 

Franklinton,  p-o.,  Middleburg  t.,  Schoharie 
co.,  N.  Y. 

Franklinton,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  N.  C,  26  n. 
E.  Raleigh,  262  W. 

Franklinton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Washington 
par.,  La.,  6S  n.  by  w.  New  Orleans,  1,129  W. 
Situated  on  Boguechitto  r.,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  a  Methodist  church,  an  academy,  2  stores, 
and  50  inhabitants. 

Franklintown,  p-v.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  15  s.  s. 
w.  Harrisburg,  100  W. 

Franklintown,  p-v.,  Northampton  co.,  Va., 
168  e.  by  s.  Richmond,  222  W. 

Franklinville,  p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.  Y., 
280  w.  by  s.  Albany,  327  W.    The  surface  is 
undulating  ;  soil,  fertile  clay,  sandy  and  gravelly 
loam.     Drained  by  Ischua  and  Great  Valley  crs. 
It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $1,100;  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m., 
3sawm.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,035.    8  sch.  381 
scholars.    Pop.  1,293. 
Franklinville,  p-o.,  Harford  co.,  Md. 
Franklinville,  p-v.,  Randolph  co.,  N.  C. 
Franks,  t.,  St.  Francis  co.,  Ark.    It  has  1 
sch.  20  scholars.    Pop.  565. 

Frankstown,  t.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  116  w. 
Harrisburg,  164  W.  The  surface  consists  of 
mountain  and  valley;  soil,  calcareous  loam,  in 
the  valleys.  Frankstown  branch  of  Juniata  r. 
enters  the  t.  through  Frankstown  Gap  of  Dun- 
ning's  Mountain,  and  receives  Beaver  Dam  creek, 
on  which,  w.  of  Hollidaysburg,  commences  the 
railroad  portage,  across  the  Alleghany  mountain, 
to  Johnstown.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $6,000  ;  1  dis- 
tillery, 3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$4,910.    9  sch.  580  scholars.    Pop.  1,499. 

Frankstown,  p-b.,  Frankstown  t.,  Hunting- 
don co.,  Pa.,  2  e.  Hollidaysburg.  Situated  on 
Frankstown  branch  of  Juniata  r.,  and  contains 
about  50  dwellings.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $18,000 ; 
1  tannery,  1  saw  m.,  1  furnace.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $4,950.    Pop.  357. 

Frazer,  p-o.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  74  E.  s.  E. 
Harrisburg,  131  W. 

Frazeysburg,  p-v.,  Jackson  t.,  Muskingum  co., 
O.,  61  e.  Columbus,  354  W.  Situated  on  the 
Ohio  and  Erie  canal. 

Frazier's  Store,  p-o.,  Lawrence  co.,  la.,  77 
s.  s.  w.  Indianapolis,  627  W. 

Frazierville,  p-o.,  Abbeville  dist..  S.  C,  88 
w.  Columbia,  538  W. 

Frease's  Store,  p-o.,  Stark  co.,  O.,  108  N.  E. 
Columbus,  328  W. 

Frederica,  p-v.,  Kent  co.,  Del.,  13  s.  Dover. 
Situated  on  the  n.  side  of  Motherkill  creek. 

Frederica,  p-v.,  Glynn  co.,  Ga.,  229  s.  E. 
Milledgeville,  733  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side 
of  St.  Simon's  Island.  A  fort  was  built  here  by 
Gen.  Oglethorpe,  in  1736,  which  is  in  ruins.  The 
v.  contains  10  or  15  houses. 

Frederick,  county,  Md.,  extends  across  the 
state  toward  its  w.  part,  and  contains  750  square 
miles.  The  Potomac  r.  runs  on  its  s.  w.  border. 
Drained  by  Monococy  r.  and  Cotoctin  cr.,  and 
their  branches.  The  surface  is  level,  or  mode- 
rately uneven.  The  soil  is  generally  fertile,  and 
adapted  to  grain  or  grazing.  Capital,  Frederick. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  21,046,  sheep 
21,375,  swine  51,758;  wheat  734,767  bushels 
produced,  rye  221,550,  Ind.  corn  706,694,  buck- 
wheat 3,520,  oats  307,181,  potatoes  101,087,  silk 
cocoons  1,435  pounds,  tobacco  337,991;  102 
stores,  cap.  $339,600 ;  7  lumber  yards,  capital 
$6,800 ;  4  furnaces,  9  fulling  m.,  7  woollen  fac, 


FRE 


225 


FRE 


40  tanneries,  12  distilleries,  2  breweries,  3  pot- 
teries, 3  rope  fac,  46  flouring  m.,  55  grist  m.,  80 
saw  m.,  2  oil  m.,  3  paper  fac.,  4  printing  offices, 
2  binderies,  1  periodical,  4  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $520,605.  2  colleges,  283  stu- 
dents, 4  acad.  233  students,  61  sch.  2,291  schol- 
ars. Pop.  whites  28,975,  slaves  4,345,  free  col'd 
2,985 ;  total,  36,405. 

Frederick,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  n. 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  660  sq.  miles. 
The  surface  is  diversified,  and  the  soil  is  various. 
Shenandoah  river  bounds  it  on  the  s.  and  s.  E. 
Opequan,  Sleepy,  and  Back  creeks  rise  in  this 
county,  and  flow  into  the  Potomac  r.  The  sur- 
face is  uneven  and  broken  ;  soil,  very  fertile.  A 
railroad  extends  from  Winchester  to  the  Balti- 
more and  Ohio  railroad,  at  Harper's  Ferry.  Cap- 
ital, Winchester.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 6,989,  sheep  13,055,  swine  13,262;  wheat 
173,289  bushels  produced,  rye  30,630,  Ind.  corn 
300,107,  buckwheat  8,454,  oats  134,703,  potatoes 
36,985;  49  stores,  cap.  $237,000;  1  furnace,  4 
fulling  m.,  5  woollen  fac,  15  tanneries,  7  distil- 
leries, 2  potteries,  1  rope  fac,  25  flouring  m.,  20 
grist  m.,  32  saw  m.,  1  paper  fac,  2  printing  offices, 

1  bindery,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $226,135.  4  acad.  140  students,  5  sch.  134 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  11,119,  slaves  2,302,  free 
col'd  821 ;  total,  14,242. 

Frederick,  p-t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  77  E. 
Harrisburg,  170  W.    It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $1 1,300 ; 

2  tanneries,  2  powder  m.,  2  potteries,  4  grist  m., 
6  saw  m.,  6  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,000.  4 
sch.  269  scholars.    Pop.  1,217. 

Frederick,  city,  p-v.,  capital  of  Frederick  co., 
Md.,  75  w.  n.  w.  Annapolis,  43  W.  It  is  the 
second  place  in  importance  in  the  state,  being  in 
ferior  only  to  Baltimore.  Situated  on  Carroll's 
cr.,  a  branch  of  Monococy  cr.,  3  miles  w.  of  the 
latter.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  with  wide  streets, 
crossing  each  other  at  right  angles,  many  of  them 
paved;  and  contains  an  elegant  court  house,  a 
jail,  and  county  offices,  12  churches,  some  of 
them  large  and  handsome,  several  banks,  several 
literary  and  scientific  institutions,  about  800 
dwellings,  mostly  of  stone  or  brick,  many  of 
them  elegant,  and  5,182  inhabitants.  The  re- 
ligious denominations  are  German  Lutherans, 
German  Calvinists,  Presbyterians,  Episcopalians 
Baptists,  Methodists,  and  Roman  Catholics.  The 
great  road  from  Baltimore  to  Wheeling  passes 
through  the  place ;  and  a  branch  railroad,  3  ms, 
long,  connects  it  with  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  rail- 
road, near  the  Monococy  viaduct.  The  country 
around  is  exceedingly  fertile,  and  the  trade  of  this 
place  is  extensive.  It  has  3  commission  houses, 
and  37  retail  stores,  cap.  $132,300;  2  lumber 
yards,  cap.  $6,000;  3  furnaces,  1  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  10  tanneries,  1  brewery,  1  pottery, 
2  rope  fac,  10  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.,  1  paper  fac,  4  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  1 
periodical,  and  4  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $118,790.  2  acad.  168  students,  10  sch. 
356  scholars. 

Frederick,  p-o.,  Milton  t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O., 
157  Columbus,  305  W. 

Frederick,  t.,  Knox  co.,  O.    Pop.  444. 

Fredericksburg,  p-o.,  Lebanon  co..  Pa. 

Fredericksburg,  city,  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va., 
is  situated  on  the  s.  w.  side  of  Rappahannock 
r.,  110  ms.  above  the  Chesapeake,  in  38°  44'  n. 
lat.,  and  77°  38'  w.  Ion.  66  e.  of  n.  Richmond,  56 
s.  s.  w.  W.  Pop.  1830,  3,307 ;  1840,  3,974.  The 
city  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  presents  a  beautiful 
appearance  from  the  heights  by  which  it  is  sur- 
rounded. It  has  a  court  house,  jail,  county  of- 
fices, a  market,  and  5  churches — 1  Episcopal,  1 


Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Re- 
formed Baptist.  It  is  supplied  with  excellent 
water  from  the  Rappahannock,  in  pipes,  laid  by 
by  a  joint-stock  co.  The  falls  of  the  Rappahan- 
nock, in  the  vicinity,  afford  good  water  power.  It 
has  a  flourishing  trade,  exporting  grain,  flour,  to- 
bacco, Indian  corn,  &c  Its  exports  have  been 
computed  at  over  $4,000,000  annually.  It  was 
named  in  honor  of  Prince  Frederick,  father  of 
George  III.  There  were  in  1840,  73  stores,  cap. 
$367,961;  2  tanneries,  paints,  drugs,  &c,  cap. 
$37,000 ;  1  grist  m.,  2  printing  offices,  4  semi- 
weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  s  141,200. 
5  acad.  256  students,  7  sch.  156  scholars. 

Fredericksburg,  p-v.,  Salt  creek  t.,  Wayne 
co.,  O.,  98  n.  e.  Columbus,  353  W.  It  contains  2 
churches,  3  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  about  25  mechanic  shops,  and  about  350  in- 
habitants. 

Fredericksburg,  t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.  It 
has  1  sch.  57  scholars.    Pop.  163. 

Fredericksburg,  p-v.,  Ray  co.,  Mo.,  154  w 
N.  w.  Jefferson  city,  1,059  W. 

Fredericksburg,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  la., 
Ills.  Indianapolis,  625  W.  Situated  on  Blue  r., 
and  has  about  50  inhabitants. 

Frederickshall,  p-o.,  Louisa  co.,  Va.,  48  n. 
w.  Richmond,  91 W. 

.  Fredon,  p-o.,  Stillwater  t.,  Sussex  co.,  N.  J., 
74  n.  Trenton,  234  W. 

Fredonia,  p-v.,  Pomfret  t.,  Chautauque  co., 
N.  Y.,  323  w.  by  s.  Albany,  345  W.  Situated  2 
miles  e.  of  Lake  Erie.  Incorporated  in  1829, 
and  contains  5  churches,  an  academy,  6  stores,  1 
flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  clothier's 
works,  1  furnace,  150  dwellings,  and  about  1,000 
inhabitants.  Here  is  an  inflammable  spring,  the 
gas  of  which,  (carbonated  hydrogen,)  is  used  for 
lighting  the  streets,  and  for  domestic  purposes. 

Fredonia,  p-t.,  Licking  co.,  O.,  40  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 379  W.  It  has  2  sch.  75  scholars.  Pop. 
107. 

Fredonia,  p-v.,  Caldwell  co.,  Ky.,  239  w.  s. 
w.  Frankfort,  771 W. 

Fredonia,  p-v.,  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn.,  34 
N.  w.  Nashville,  719  W. 

Fredonia,  p-v.,  capital  of  Crawford  co.,  la., 
122  s.  Indianapolis,  641  W.  Situated  on  a  high 
bluff,  on  the  n.  side  of  the  Ohio  r.,  at  the  Great 
Horse  Shoe  Bend.  It  contains  a  court  house  and 
other  county  buildings,  3  stores,  1  carding  and 
spinning  machine,  1  steam  grist  and  saw  m.,  a 
ship  yard,  and  about  110  inhabitants.  There  are 
in  the  t,  1  sch.  35  scholars.    Pop.  136. 

Fredonia,  p-v.,  Williamson  co.,  111.,  175  s.  s. 
E.  Springfield,  826  W. 

Fredonia,  p-v.,  Chambers  co.,  Ala.,  175  e.  s. 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  758  W. 
Fredonia,  p-o.,  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich. 
Fredonia,  t.,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.    It  has  8 
sch.  15  scholars.    Pop.  343. 
Fredonia,  p-o.,  Louisa  co.,  Iowa. 
Fredensburg,  p-v.,  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  53  n. 
e.  Harrisburg,  163  W. 

Freedom,  p-t.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  33  n.  e.  Au- 
gusta, 628  W.  Incorporated  in  1813.  The  soil 
is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$3,800 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $500.  9  sch.  469  scholars. 
Pop.  1,153. 

Freedom,  p-t.,  Carroll  co.,  N.  H,  61  n.  n.  e. 
Concord,  642  W.  Incorporated  from  Effingham 
in  1832.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  the  soil  is, 
much  of  it,  fertile.  Ossipee  lake  borders  it  on  the 
n.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $3,200 ;  2  tanneries.  Cap. 
in  manufac  $850.  8  sch.  432  scholars.  Pop. 
926.  * 


FRE 


226 


FRE 


Freedom,  p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.  Y.,  270  w. 
by  s.  Albany,  346  W.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil, 
a  fertile  gravelly  loam,  adapted  to  grass.  Drained 
by  Clear  cr.,  and  other  tributaries  of  Cattaraugus 
cr.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $3,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,200.  14  sch.  415  scholars. 
Pop.  1,831. 

Freedom,  t,  Adams  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  distil- 
lery, 2  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.     Pop.  465. 

Freedom,  p-b.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  224  w.  by  n. 
Harrisburg,  250  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  bank  of 
Ohio  r.,  2  ms.  from  the  mouth  of  Beaver  r.  It  is 
pleasantly  located  on  ascending  ground,  and  con- 
tains several  manufactories  of  steam  engines  and 
boilers,  and  a  boat-yard,  where  some  of  the  lar- 
gest and  finest  steamboats  have  been  built.    It 


has  3  stores,  cap.  $5,550  ;  1  distillery,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,700.  1  sch.  75  scholars. 
Pop.  384. 

Md.,  50  N.  w. 


Cap.  in  manufac.   $18, 
"op.  384. 

Freedoom,  p-v.,  Carroll  co. 
Annapolis,  60  W. 

Freedom,  p-t.,  Portage  co.,  O.,  159  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 315  W.  The  surface  is  level,  and  some 
of  it  wet,  and  the  soil  is  fertile.  It  has  7  sch.  227 
scholars.    Pop.  888. 

Freedom,  t.,  Henry  co.,  O.  It  has  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,000.  1  sch.  8  scholars. 
Pop.  105. 

Freedom,  t,  Wood  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,500.  1  sch.  28  scholars. 
Pop.  248. 

Freedom,  p-o.,  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich.,  131  w. 
s.  w.  Detroit,  580  W. 

Freedom,  t.,  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
956. 

Freedom,  p-v.,  Owen  co.,  la.,  67  s.  w.  Indian- 
apolis, 630  W. 

Freedom,  t.,  La  Fayette  co.,  Mo.  It  has  3 
sch.  90  scholars.     Pop.  415. 

Freedom  Plains,  p-v.,  La  Grange  t,  Dutch- 
ess co.,  N.  Y.,  79  s.  Albany,  306  W.  It  contains 
1  store,  and  several  dwellings. 

Freehold,  p-v.,  Greenville  t,  Greene  co.,  N. 
Y.,  42  s.  by  w.  Albany,  355  W.  It  contains  1 
church,  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  tannery,  1  clothier's 
works,  20  dwellings,  and  about  120  inhabitants. 
Freehold,  p-t,  capital  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.  J., 
35  s.  e.  Trenton,  201  W.  The  soil  is  a  sandy 
loam,  productive  with  good  culture.  The  v.  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  and  county  offices,  5 
churches— 1  Presbyterian,  1  Dutch  Reformed,  1 
Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist— an  acad- 
emy, 6  stores,  a  printing  office,  and  40  dwellings. 
A  hard  fought  battle  of  the  revolution  occurred 
here,  June  28th,  1778,  denominated  the  battle  of 
Monmouth.  There  are  in  the  t.,  12  stores,  cap. 
$49,500 ;  2  tanneries,  11  distilleries,  2  printing 
offices,  2  daily  newspapers,  11  grist  m.,  11  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $21,165.  1  acad.  5  stu- 
dents, 17  sch.  637  scholars.     Pop.  6,303. 

Freehold,  Upper,  t.,  Monmouth  co.,  N.  J. 
1  he  surface  is  level,  and  the  soil,  clay,  sandy 
loam,  and  sand.  The  soil  in  the  w.  part  is  good, 
in  the  s.  E.  covered  with  pine  forest.  Drained 
by  Millstone  r.,  and  Crosswick's,  Doctor's,  and 
other  creeks.  It  contains  20  stores,  12  saw  m 
several  grist  m.  with  15  run  of  stones,  1  fulling 
m.,  3  carding  machines,  several  tanneries  with 
50  vats,  and  a  number  of  distilleries, 
sch.  1,200  scholars 


It  has  18 

Pop.  5,026. 

Freehold,  t.,  Warren  co.,  Pa.    It  has  2  stores 

cap.  $12,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m! 

Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,695.    5  sch.  138  scholars 

Pop.  778. 

Freeman,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  48  n.  n.  w. 
Augusta,  637  W.    It  has  a  fertile  soil,  adapted  to 


gram.  Watered  by  a  branch  of  Sandy  cr.  It 
has  2  stores,  cap.  $1,500 ;  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $500.     7  sch.  387  scholars.    Pop.  838. 

Freemansburg,  p-v.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa., 
99  e.  n.  E.  Harrisburg,  192. 

Freemanton,  Effingham  co.,  111.,  90  s.  e. 
Springfield,  719  W. 

Freeport,  p-t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  34  s.  s. 
w.  Augusta,  561  W.  Situated  at  the  head  of 
Casco  bay.  Organized  in  1789.  The  v.  is  plea- 
santly situated,  and  has  a  small  harbor,  and  some 
navigation,  and  ship  building.  There  are  in  the 
t.  11  stores,  cap.  $11,900;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,100.  18  sch.  806 
scholars.    Pop.  2,662. 

Freeport,  p-b.,  Buffalo  t.,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa., 
196  w.  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  228  W.  Situated  at 
the  confluence  of  Buffalo  cr.  with  Alleghany  r. 
The  Pennsylvania  canal  passes  through  the  t., 
crossing  the  cr.  in  an  aqueduct,  and  an  office  is 
established  here  for  the  collection  of  tolls.  It 
contains  6  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episco- 
pal, 1  Baptist,  1  Associate  Reformed,  1  Metho- 
dist, and  1  Roman  Catholic — 1  steam  saw  m.,  1 
steam  grist  m.,  1  water  grist  and  saw  m.,  1  tan- 
nery, numerous  mechanic  shops,  and  about  150 
dwellings.  It  has  11  stores,  cap.  $15,700  ;  1  full- 
ing m.,  1  pottery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $14,250.  2  sch.  100  scholars.  Pop. 
727. 

Freeport,  p-t.,  Harrison  co.,  O.,  99  e.  n.  e. 
Columbus,  304  W.  It  contains  several  flouring 
m.  and  factories.  The  v.  is  situated  on  Big  Still- 
water cr.,  a  branch  of  Tuscarawas  r.,  and  con- 
tains 4  churches,  6  stores,  2  warehouses,  25  me- 
chanic shops,  60  dwellings,  and  about  300  inhab- 
itants. The  Stillwater  is  boatable  to  this  place  ; 
and  at  its  mouth,  20  ms.  distant,  connects  with 
the  Ohio  canal.  It  has  5  sch.  323  scholars. 
Pop.  1,285. 

Freeport,  p-v.,  Shelby  co.,  la.,  29  s.  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 560  W. 

Freeport,  p-v.,  Stephenson  co.,  111.,  200  ms. 
n.  Springfield,  832  W.  Situated  on  the  Peeka- 
tonica  r. 

Freesburg,  p-v.,  Union  co.,  Pa.,  66  n.  Harris- 
burg, 156  W. 

Freeshade,  p-o.,  Middlesex  co.,  Va.,  98  E. 
Richmond,  169  W. 

Freetown,  p-t.,  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  42  s.  Bos- 
ton, 427  W.  Incorporated  in  1683.  Situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  Taunton  r.,  by  a  branch  of  which  it 
is  watered.  The  soil  is  light,  and  not  very  fer- 
tile. It  has  considerable  manufactures,  and  some 
navigation.  It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $12,943  ;  2  fur- 
naces, 1  tannery,  1  pottery,  1  printing  office,  1 
weekly  newspaper,  9  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$30,500.  1  acad.  25  students,  14  sch.  534  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,772. 

Freetown,  p-t.,  Cortland  co.,  N.  Y.,  139  w. 
by  s.  Albany,  326  W.  The  surface  is  undula- 
ting ;  soil,  a  fertile  sandy  loam.  Drained  by 
tributaries  of  Toughnioga  and  Ostelic  rivers.  It 
has  1  store,  cap.  $3,500 ;  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $2,400.  9  sch.  374  scholars.     Pop.  950. 

Freetown  Corners,  p-o.,  Freetown  t,  Cort- 
land co.,  N.  Y.,  144  w.  by  s.  Albany,  324  W. 

French  Broad,  p-o.,  Buncombe  co.,  N.  C, 
265  w.  Raleigh,  488  W. 

French  Broad,  r.,  one  of  the  head  branches 
of  Tennessee  r.,  rises  on  the  n.  side  of  the  Blue 
Ridge,  in  Buncombe  co.,  N.  C,  and  enters  Ten- 
nessee through  a  gap  in  the  mountains,  and 
unites  with  Holston  r.  5  miles  above  Knoxville. 
It  is  navigable  for  boats  of  15  tons  to  Dandridge. 
Its  chief  branches  are  Nolachucky  r.,  on  the  N., 
and  Great  and  Little  Pigeon  rivers,  on  the  s. 


FRI 


227 


FUL 


French  Crkkk,  N.  Y.  and  Pa.,  rises  in  Chan- 
tauque  co.,  N.  Y.,  and  passes  into  Pa.,  and,  run- 
ning by  Meadville,  enters  the  Alleghany  r.  at 
Franklin  b.,  Venango  co.  It  is  100  ms.  long,  and 
boatable  half  that  distance. 

French  Creek,  p-t.,  Chautauque  co.,  N.  Y., 
368  w.  by  s.  Albany,  358  W.  The  surface  is 
hilly ;  soil,  moist  sandy  loam,  well  adapted  to 
grass.  Watered  by  French  cr.  It  has  1  grist  m., 
2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,600.  4  sch.  99 
scholars.     Pop.  621. 

French  Creek,  t.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.  It  has 
2  stores,  cap.  $2,800 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,800. 
Pop.  787. 

French  Creek,  p-t.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  223  w. 
N.  w.  Harrisburg,  297  W.  The  surface  is  level ; 
soil,  clay  and  loam,  not  very  fertile.  Drained  by 
French  and  Sandy  creeks.  It  has  3  tanneries,  1 
grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $350.  6 
sch.  240  scholars.    Pop.  991. 

French  Creek,  p-o.,  Lewis  co.,  Va.,  307  w. 
Richmond,  275  W.  It  contains  1  Presbyterian 
church,  1  tannery,  various  mechanics,  and  about 
70  scattered  dwellings.  It  is  an  agricultural  set- 
tlement, peopled  chiefly  from  New  England. 

French  Creek,  p-o.,  Peoria  co.,  111. 

French  Grant,  p-o.,  Green  t.,  Scioto  co.,  O., 
110  s.  Columbus,  426  W. 

French  Grove,  p-o.,  Bureau  co.,  111.  Situated 
on  branches  of  Spoon  r.  It  contains  fine  timber 
groves,  surrounded  by  rich  rolling  prairie. 

French  Mills,  p-o.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  159  n. 
by  e.  Harrisburg,  269  W. 

French  Mills,  p-o.,  Onslow  co.,  N.  C,  157  s. 
by  e.  Raleigh,  387  W. 

Frenchtown,  p-v.,  Lewis  co.,  Va.,  311  w.  n. 
w.  Richmond,  279  W. 

Frenchtown,  p-o.,  Hunterdon  co.,  N.  J.,  35 
N.  by  w.  Trenton,  192  W. 

Frenchtown,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  Mich.   Pop.  833. 

Frenchville,  p-o.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa. 

French  Village,  p-v.,  St.  Clair  co.,  111.  It 
contains  about  20  or  30  families. 

Frewsburgh,  p-o.,  Carroll  t,  Chautauque  co., 
N.  Y.,  340  w.  by  s.  Albany,  317  W. 

Frev's  Bush,  p-o.,  Canajoharie  t,  Montgomery 
co.,  N.  Y. 

Friends  Grove,  p-o.,  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  98 
w.  s.  w.  Richmond,  188  W.  It  contains  a  store, 
and  a  tobacco  fac,  employing  30  hands. 

Friendship,  p-t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  54  s.  e. 
Augusta,  631  W.  It  has  the  Atlantic  on  the  s., 
and  Muscongus  bay  on  the  w.,  and  contains  sev- 
eral islands.  It  has  considerable  navigation  and 
trade.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $6,400 ;  2  grist  m.,  3 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,872.  7  sch.  224 
scholars.     Pop.  725. 

Friendship,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.,  JN.  Y.,  272  w. 
by  s.  Albany,  325  W.  The  surface  is  undulating ; 
soil,  argillaceous  mold,  well  adapted  to  grass. 
Watered  by  Campan's  cr.,  a  branch  of  Genesee 
r.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  line  of  the  New 
York  and  Erie  railroad,  and  contains  2  churches, 
8  stores,  1  grist  m.,  90  dwellings,  and  about  700 
inhabitants.  Pop.  of  the  t.  1,244.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $24,000 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tan- 
nery, 3  grist  m.,  17  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$24,100.    Pop.  1,244. 

Friendship,  p-v.,  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  31 
N.  w.  Annapolis,  61  W. 

Friendship,  p-o.,  Guilford  co.,  N.  C,  91  w.  n. 
w.  Raleigh,  312  W. 

Friendship,  p-o.,  Sumter  dist.,  S.  C,  81  e.  s. 
k.  Columbia,  519  W. 


Milledgeville,764W 


p,  p-o. 
,764  V 


Friendsville,  p-v.,  Middletown  t.,  Susque- 
hanna co.,  Pa.,  175  n.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  283  W. 
It  contains  1  store,  and  6  or  8  dwellings. 

Friendsville,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  217 
N.  w.  Annapolis,  175  W. 

Friendsville,  p-o.,  Wabash  co.,  111.,  177  8.  K. 
Springfield,  715  W. 

Friend's  Mills,  p-o.,  Warrick  co.,  la. 

Front  Royal,  p-v.,  capital,  Warren  co.,  Va., 
139  n.  n.  w.  Richmond,  85  W.  Pleasantly  situ- 
ated on  Happy  cr.,  1  mile  from  the  Shenandoah. 
It  contains  a  court  house,  2  churches,  2  acade- 
mics, several  stores,  various  mechanics,  a  saw 
and  grist  m.,  40  dwellings,  and  about  300  inhabit- 
ants. 

Frostburg,  p-v.,  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  176  n. 
w.  Annapolis,  144  W.  Situated  on  the  national 
road,  10  miles  w.  of  Cumberland. 

Frostvillk,  p-o.,  Cuyahoga  co.,  O.,  131  n.  n. 
e.  Columbus,  371  W. 

Fruit  Hill,  p-o.,  Providence  co.,  R.  I.,  4 
Providence,  404  W. 

Fruit  Hill,  p-v.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  132  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  222  W. 

Fruit  Hill,  p-o.,  Christian  co.,  Ky.,  192  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  728  W. 

Fruit  Hill,  p-o.,  Edgefield  dist.,  S.  C,  70  w. 
by  s.  Columbia,  544  W. 

Fryeburg,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  72  w.  s.  w. 
Augusta,  569  W.  Situated  on  both  sides  of  Saco 
r.  Incorporated  in  1777.  The  soil  on  the  r.  is 
fertile ;  but  otherwise  it  is  light,  and  not  very 
fertile.  The  v.  is  beautifully  situated  on  a  plain, 
surrounded  by  hills,  and  contains  a  Congrega- 
tional church,  and  a  flourishing  academy.  Lov- 
ell's  pond,  famous  in  early  Indian  warfare,  lies 
near  the  v.  There  are  in  the  town  1  academy 
60  students,  15  schools,  550  scholars.  Population 
1,536. 

Fryer's  Ponds,  p-o.,  Burke  co.,  Ga.,  94  e.  by 
s.  Milledgeville,  617  W. 

Fullersville,  p-v.,  Fowler  t.,  St.  Lawrence 
co.,  N.  Y.,  190  n.  n.  w.  Albany,  460  W.  It  con 
tains  2  churches,  1  store,  1  furnace,  2  forges,  1 
grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  A  branch  of  Oswegatchie  r. 
affords  water  power. 

Fullersville,  p-o.,  Barbour  co.,  Ala. 

Fullwood's  Store,  p-o.,  Mecklenburg  co., 
N.  C,  177  w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  414  W. 

Fulton,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  n  e.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  500  sq  ms.  The 
surface  is  hilly,  with  some  mountains.  The  val- 
leys have  a  fertile  soil.  Drained  by  the  Sacan- 
daga  r.  and  East  Canada  cr.  Capital,  Johnstown. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  19,982,  sheep 
32,525,  swine  14,042 ;  wheat  25,162  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  33,573,  Ind.  corn  59,886,  buckwheat 
31,011,  barley  22,860,  oats  245,718,  potatoes 
402,954,  sugar  80,129  pounds ;  57  stores,  capital 
$143,825 ;  1  furnace,  11  fulling  m.,  5  woollen  fac., 
23  tanneries,  2  rope  fac,  19  grist  m.,  156  saw  m., 
2  oil  m.,  7  paper  fac,  3  printing  offices,  1  bindery, 
1  periodical,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Capital  in 
manufac.  $541,643.  2  acad.  235  students,  89  sch. 
4,059  scholars.    Pop.  18,049. 

Fulton,  county,  la.  Situated  toward  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  350  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  level.  Watered  by  the  head  branches 
of  Tippecanoe  river.  Capital,  Rochester.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,130,  sheep  1,440,  swine 
5,246  ;  wheat  9,122  bush,  produced,  Indian  corn 
64,626,  oats  9,824,  potatoes  13,513,  sugar  22,748 
pounds;  3  stores,  cap.  $15,000;  1  forge,  1  grist 
m.,6sawm.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,100.  6  schools. 
Pop.  1,993.  '  .    . 

Fulton,  county,  HI.  Situated  toward  the  n. 
w.  part  of  the  state.    Illinois  r.  runs  on  its  s.  k. 


GAD 


228 


GAD 


border  Watered  by  Spoon  r.  and  Copperas  cr. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  consisting  of  timber 
land  and  prairie,  and  the  soil  is  excellent.  Cap- 
ital Lewiston.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
13  419  sheep  12,019,  swine  39,326 ;  wheat  105,373 
bush,  produced,  rye  3,825,  Indian  corn  608,888, 
buckwheat  2,386,  oats  127,059,  potatoes  60,702, 
tobacco  7,787  pounds,  sugar  23,934 ;  29  stores, 
cap.  $70,335  ;  1  furnace,  5  tanneries,  11  distiller- 
ies, 18  grist  m.,  31  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  2  printing 
offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$87,590.  2  acad.  72  students,  47  sch.  1,328  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  13,142. 

Fulton,  t.,  Schoharie  co.,  N.  Y.,  9  s.  Scho- 
harie, 42  Albany.  The  surface  is  uneven,  over- 
laid with  graywacke,  of  which  grindstones  are 
manufactured.  The  soil  in  the  valleys  is  fertile. 
Drained  by  Schoharie  cr.  and  its  tributaries,  one 
of  which  has  a  fall  of  100  feet.  The  v.,  on  Scho- 
harie cr.,  contains  1  store,  1  grist  m.,  and  12  or  15 
dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  2  stores,  capital 
$2,000;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,750.  13  sch.  671  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  2,147. 

Fulton,  p-v.,  Volney  t.,  Oswego  co.,  N.  Y., 
190  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  460  W.  Situated  on  the 
E.  side  of  Oswego  r.  A  fall  here  of  about  20  feet 
produces  an  extensive  water  power.  It  contains 
4  churches— 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Meth- 
odist, and  1  Universalist — 12  stores,  3  flouring 
m.,  8  saw  m.,  250  dwellings,  and  about  1,600  in- 
habitants. 

Fulton,  p-o.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  183  w. 
Harrisburg,  209  W. 

Fulton,  p-t,  Hamilton  co.,  O.,  120  s.  w.  by  w. 
Columbus,  496  W.  Situated  on  Ohio  r.,  above 
and  adjoining  Cincinnati.  It  fronts  on  the  r.  2i 
ms.,  and  extends  back  to  the  top  of  the  river  hill, 
half  a  mile.  The  v.  consists  of  one  extended 
street.  It  has  2  extensive  lumber  yards,  4  steam 
saw  m.,  and  4  ship  yards,  where  numerous  steam- 
boats are  built.  About  a  mile  intervenes  be- 
tween the  v.  and  the  compact  part  of  the  city,  so 
that  it  has  the  character  of  a  separate  village. 
There  are  in  the  t.,  3  sch.  143  scholars.  Pop. 
1,506. 

Fulton,  p-v.,  Lawrence  t.,  Stark  co.,  O.,  (p-o. 
called  Canal  Fulton,)    125  Columbus,   330  W. 

Situated  on  the  Ohio  canal,  and  contains  6  stores, 
6  large  warehouses,  1  steam  saw  m.,  1  tannery, 

1  brewery,  90  dwellings,  and  about  500  inhabit- 
ants. 

Fulton,  p-v.,  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  140  w.  by  N. 

Detroit,  605  W. 

Fulton,  p-v.,  Davie  co.,  N.  C,  156  w.  Raleigh, 

364  W. 
Fulton,  p-v.,  Sumter  dist.,  S.  C,  69  e.  by  s. 

Columbia,  509  W. 

Fulton,  p-v.,  Hempstead  co.,  Ark.,  126  s.  w. 

Little  Rock,  1,191  W.    Situated  on  the  n.  side 

of  Red  r. 

Fulton,  p-v.,  Whitesides  co.,  111.,  185  n.  by  w. 

Springfield,  865  W.  ' 

Fulton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Callaway  co.,  Mo.,  22 


N.  E.  Jefferson  city,  917  W.  Situated  on  Riviero 
au  Vases,  12  ms.  n.  Missouri  r.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  2  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Bap- 
tist— 2  academies,  8  stores,  40  dwellings,  and 
about  500  inhabitants.     Pop.  of  the  t.  3,052. 

Fulton,  t.,  Fountain  co.,  la.  It  has  141  schol- 
ars in  schools.    Pop.  657. 

Fulton,  p-v.,  Lauderdale  co.,  Tenn.,  200  w. 
Nashville,  882  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  the 
Mississippi  r.,  2  ms.  above  the  mouth  of  the  Big 
Hatchee,  on  a  beautiful  bluff.  It  has  1  large 
warehouse  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Fulton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Itawamba  co.,  Miss., 
210  n.  e.  Jackson,  875  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  fork 
of  Tombigbee  r.  It  contains  a  court  house  and  a 
few  dwellings. 

Fultonham,  p-o.,  Fulton  t,  Schoharie  co.,  N. 
Y,  42  w.  Albany,  380  W. 

Fultonham,  p-v.,  Uniontown  t.,  Muskingum 
co.,  O.,  57  e.  Columbus,  348  W.  The  v.  contains 
1  Lutheran  and  1  Baptist  church,  4  stores,  12  or 
15  mechanic  shops,  and  about  60  dwellings.  Jon- 
athan's cr.,  on  which  is  a  great  number  of  mills, 
runs  in  sight  of  the  v. 

Fultonville,  p-v.,  Glen  t.,  Montgomery  co., 
N.  Y.,  43  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  407  W.  Situated  on 
the  s.  side  of  Mohawk  r.,  on  the  Erie  canal.  It 
contains  1  Dutch  Reformed  church,  4  stores,  2 
groceries,  a  dry  dock  and  boat  yard,  60  dwell- 
ings, and  about  400  inhabitants.  A  bridge  here 
crosses  the  Mohawk. 

Fulton  Lakes,  N.  Y.,  a  chain  of  8  small 
lakes,  lying  in  Herkimer  and  Hamilton  counties. 
They  are  connected  by  navigable  outlets,  and 
discharge  their  waters  into  Moose  r.,  a  branch  of 
Black  r. 

Fundy,  Bay  of,  sets  up  between  Cape  Sable, 
the  s.  point  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  Mount  Desert  isl- 
and, in  Maine,  a  distance  of  150  ms.  From  East- 
port  to  St.  Johns,  N.  B.,  is  60  ms.  The  bay  is 
divided,  in  its  n.  e.  part,  into  2  branches,  the  n. 
w.  called  Chignecto  bay,  the  head  of  which  is 
170  ms.  from  Eastport.  The  s.  e.  part  is  called 
the  Basin  of  Mines,  150  miles  from  Eastport. 
Gypsum  is  obtained  on  the  Basin  of  Mines,  and 
grindstones  on  Chignecto  bay.  The  tide  rises  at 
Eastport  25  feet,  at  St.  Johns  30,  at  Windsor  60, 
at  the  head  of  Chignecto  bay  71  feet.  The  tide 
comes  in  with  amazing  rapidity,  and  swine  are 
often  overtaken  and  drowned  while  feeding  on 
shell-fish. 

Funkstown,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Md.,  99  n. 
w.  Annapolis,  67  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  bank 
of  Antictam  cr.,  a  tributary  of  the  Potomac,  22 
n.  w.  Frederick. 

Furnace,  p-o.,  Vermillion  t,  Erie  co.,  O.,  117 
n.  Columbus,  391  W. 

Furnace  Village,  p-v.,  Salisbury  t.,  Litch- 
field co.,  Ct.,  51  w.  n.  w.  Hartford,  335  W.  Here 
is  a  large  pond,  the  outlet  of  which  affords  water 
power,  and  on  which  is  a  large  furnace.  The 
ore  which  supplies  it  is  obtained  from  a  rich  ore 
bed  in  the  w.  part  of  the  t,  on  the  border  of  the 
state  of  New  York. 


G. 


Gaddysville,  p-o.,  Robeson  co.,  N.  C.  122  s 
8.  w.  Raleigh,  400  W.  '  ' 

Gadsden,  county,  Flor.  Situated  in  the  cen- 
tral part  of  the  ter.,  and  extends  from  Georgia 
to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Dog  Island,  on  the  coast 
belongs  to  it.  Ocklockony  r.  runs  on  its  e.  border, 
and  the  Appalachicola  r.  on  the  w.  The  land 
on  the  Appalachicola  and  some  other  streams,  is 
good,  some  is  pine  barren,  and  some  of  it,  partic- 


ularly in  the  s.,  is  low  and  marshy.  Capital, 
Quincy.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,497, 
sheep  1,878,  swine  12,943 ;  Indian  corn  183,400 
bush,  produced,  oats  3,314,  potatoes  57,368,  rice 
113,900  pounds,  tobacco  66,324,  cotton  1,833,549, 
sugar  114,100  ;  1  tannery,  14  grist  m.,  9  saw  m., 
1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $86,700.  8  acad.  336  students,  1  school. 
Pop.  5,992. 


GAL 


229 


GAL 


Gainer's  Stork,  p-o.,  Pike  co.,  Ala.,  179  s.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  875  W. 

Gaines,  p-t.,  Orleans  co.,  N.  Y.,  252  w.  N.  w. 
Albany,  395  W.  The  surface  is  generally  level ; 
soil,  a  fertile  clay  loam.  Drained  by  brandies 
of  Oak  Orchard  cr.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the 
Ridge  road.  Incorporated  in  1832.  It  has  2 
churches— 1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist — an 
academy,  4  stores,  1  tannery,  80  dwellings,  and 
about  600  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.,  6 
stores,  cap.  $19,650 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  grist 
m.  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $37,550.  1  acad. 
156  students,  14  sch.  749  scholars.     Pop.  2,268. 

Gaines,  t.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.  It  has  3  saw  m.,  1 
sch.  19  scholars.     Pop.  215. 

Gainesborough,  p-v.,  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  154 
N.  N.  w.  Richmond,  82  W.  It  contains  2  church- 
es— 1  Methodist  and  1  Friends — 2  tanneries,  and 
various  mechanic  shops,  30  dwellings,  and  about 
150  inhabitants.  In  the  vicinity  is  1  woollen  fac. 
and  2  flouring  m. 

Gainesborough,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jackson  co., 
Tenn.,  73  e.  n.  e.  Nashville,  631  W.  Situated 
on  the  s.  side  of  Cumberland  r.  It  has  a  court 
house  and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Gaines  Cross  Roads,  p-v.,  Rappahannock  co., 
Va.,  118  n.  n.  w.  Richmond,  70  W.  It  contains 
1  Baptist  church,  1  store,  and  10  dwellings. 

Gainesville,  p-t.,  Wyoming  co.,  N.  Y.,  252 
w.  Albany,  357  W.  The  surface  is  rolling  or 
hilly  ;  the  soil,  fertile,  and  well  adapted  to  grass. 
Drained  by  Allen's  cr.,  and  another  tributary  of 
Genesee  r.  The  v.  contains  1  church,  3  stores, 
1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  25  or  30  dwellings. 
There  are  in  the  t.,  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  grist 
m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,500.  19  sch. 
798  scholars.     Pop.  2,367. 

Gainesville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Hall  co.,  Ga., 
118  n.  n.  w.  Milledgeville,  621  W.  Situated  3 
ms.  E.  of  the  Chattahoochee  r.  It  has  a  court 
house,  jail,  3  churches — 1  Baptist,  1  Methodist, 
and  1  Presbyterian— 10  stores,  and  300  inhabit- 
ants. 

Gainesville,  p-v.,  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  54  s.  w. 
Tuscaloosa,  872  W,  327  by  r.  from  Mobile.  Sit- 
uated on  the  w.  side  of  the  Tombigby  r.,  and 
contains  18  stores,  and  about  1,200  inhabitants. 

Galen,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  N.  Y.,  5  E.  Lyons,  172 
w.  by  n.  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  a 
fertile  sandy  and  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by 
Clyde  r.  The  Erie  canal  passes  through  it.  It 
has  20  stores,  cap.  $89,500  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tanne- 
ry, 2  glass  fac,  3  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $53,500.  1  acad.  223  students, 
13  sch.  911  scholars.    Pop.  4,234. 

Galena,  p-v.,  Berkshire  t.,  Delaware  co.,  O., 
21  n.  Columbus,  399  W.  It  was  formerly  called 
Zoar. 

Galena,  city,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Jo-Daviess 
co.,  111.,  230  n.  w.  Springfield,  882  W.  It  is  pleas- 
antly situated  on  Feve,  or  Bean  r.,  and  is  the  me- 
tropolis of  the  great  lead  region.  It  is  6  miles 
above  the  mouth  of  the  r.,  which  is  navigable  to 
this  place,  at  all  stages  of  the  water,  for  the  larg- 
est steamboats.  It  has  an  intercourse  by  steam- 
boats with  St.  Louis,  New  Orleans,  Louisville, 
Cincinnati,  and  other  places  on  the  Mississippi 
and  Ohio  rivers.  It  contains  5  churches — 1  Bap- 
tist, 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist,  and 
1  Roman  Catholic — 35  stores,  1  academy,  1  flour- 
ing m.,  1  saw  m.,  various  mechanic  establishments, 
300  dwellings,  and  about  1,500  inhabitants.  First 
settled  in  1826.  In  this  region  there  were  pro- 
duced in  1841, 22,000,000  pounds  of  lead,  most  of 
which  finds  a  market  in  this  place.  The  manu- 
facture of  copper  is  also  becoming  important,  and 
3  furnaces  are  engaged  in  smelting  it. 


Galena,  t.,  Franklin  co.  Mo.  It  has  2  acad. 
50  students,  1  sch.  18  scholars.     Pop.  803. 

Gales,  p-o.,  Thompson  t.,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  Y., 
103  s.  w.  Albany,  286  W. 

Galksburg,  p-v.,  Knox  co.,  111.,  105  n.  n.  w. 
Springfield,  834  W. 

Galesburg,  p-v.,  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  137 
w.  Detroit,  596  W. 

Gales  Ferry,  p-o.,  Ledyard  t.,  New  London 
co.,  Ct.,  7  n.  New  London,  47  s.  e.  Hartford,  360 
W.     It  contains  about  30  dwellings. 

Galesville,  p-o.,  Greenwich  t.,  Washington 
co.,  N.  Y.,  39  n.  n.  e.  Albany,  409  W. 

Galion,  p-v.,  Sandusky  t.,  Richland  co.,  O., 
68  n.  n.  e.  Columbus,  394  W.  It  contains  3  stores, 
30  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Gallagher's  Mills,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Mo., 
100  e.  Jefferson  city,  879  W. 

Gallant  Green,  p-o.,  Charles  county,  Md., 
74  s.  w.  Annapolis,  49  W. 

Gallatia,  Gallatin  co.,  III.,  177  s.  s.  e.  Spring- 
field, 794  W. 

Gallatin,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  w. 
part  of  the  state,  on  the  Ohio  r.,  and  contains  175 
sq.  ms.  Eagle  r.,  a  branch  of  Kentucky  r.,  runs 
on  its  s.  border,  and  the  Kentucky  river  runs 
through  its  centre.  Surface,  undulating ;  sod, 
fertile.  Capital,  Warsaw.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  2,676,  sheep  4,185,  swine  6,540; 
wheat  27,669  bushels  produced,  rye  2,940,  Indian 
corn  144,400,  oats  13,635,  potatoes  5,259,  tobacco 
198,780  pounds ;  9  stores,  cap.  $32,000 ;  1  tan- 
nery,  2  distilleries,  1  flouring  m.,  9  grist  m.,  4  saw 
m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $39,280.  6  sch.  176  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  3,361,  slaves  604,  free  col'd  33;  total, 
4,003. 

Gallatin,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  s.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  760  sq.  ms.  Or- 
ganized in  1812.  The  Wabash  and  Ohio  rivers 
run  on  its  E.  border.  The  soil  is  generally 
sandy,  resting  on  slate.  Salt  springs  exist.  Cap- 
ital, Equality.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
11,254,  sheep  5,349,  swine  29,106;  wheat  37,588 
bushels  produced,  Ind.  corn  504,225,  oats  55,958, 
potatoes  7,661,  tobacco  63,190  pounds,  cotton 
2,253,  salt  17,000  bushels;  39  stores,  capital 
$259,300 ;  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  5  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.,  2  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $47,200.  22  sch 
556  scholars.    Pop.  10,760. 

Gallatin,  p-v.,  Allen  co.,  O.,  113  n.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 484  W. 

Gallatin,  p-v.,  capital  of  Sumner  co.,  Tenn., 
26  n.  E.  Nashville,  667  W.  Situated  3  miles  n. 
of  the  Cumberland  r.  It  has  a  court  house,  jail, 
3  churches,  2  female  and  3  male  academies,  a 
large  female  seminary  with  120  students ;  12 
stores,  and  999  inhabitants. 

Gallatin,  p-v.,  Parke  co.,  la.,  78  w.  Indian- 
apolis, 650  W. 

Gallatin,  p-v.,  capital  of  Copiah  co.,  Miss., 
37  s.  by  w.  Jackson,  1,047  W.  Situated  on  the 
e.  side  of  Bayou  Pierre  r.,  in  the  heart  of  a  fine 
cotton-growing  country.  It  has  a  court  house 
and  several  neat  dwellings. 

Gallatin,  p-t.,  capital  of  Davies  co.,  Mo., 
189  n.  w.  Jefferson  city,  1,092  W.  The  v.  is 
situated  1  m.  s.  of  the  west  fork  of  Grand  r.  It 
has  a  brick  court  house,  and  150  inhabitants. 
There  are  in  the  t.,  4  sch.  73  scholars.  Pop. 
1,467. 

Gallatin,  t,  Columbia  co.,  N.  Y.,  15  s.  e. 
Hudson,  44  s.  by  e.  Albany.  The  surface  is 
hilly,  and  the  soil  various.  It  has  Charlotte  Lake 
in  its  n.  part,  from  which  flows  Dove  cr.  Roe- 
liff  Jansen's  cr.  drains  its  8.  part.     It  has  5 


GAM 


230 


GAR 


stores,  cap.  $9,000;  2  fulling  m.,  2  flouring  m.,  2 
grist  m.,  I  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,400.  o 
soh.  451  scholars.     Pop.  1,644.  . 

Gallatinville,  p-o.,  Gallatin  t.,  Columbia 
county,  N.  Y.,  48  s.  Albany,  332  W. 

Gallatins,  r.,  one  of  the  s.  w.  sources  of  the 
Missouri  r.  Flowing  northwardly,  it  unites  with 
Madison  and  Jefferson  rivers  to  form  the  Mis- 
souri river.  . 

Gallia,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  s.  e.  part 
of  the  state,  on  Ohio  r.,  and  contains  about  500 
sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  generally  hilly  and 
broken,  and  the  soil  poor,  excepting  on  the  Ohio 
river,  where  it  is  fertile.  Drained  by  Racoon 
cr.,  and  some  smaller  tributaries  of  the  Ohio. 
Its  earlier  settlers  were  from  France,  whence  it 
derived  its  name.  First  settled  in  1790.  Capital, 
Gallipolis.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
11,886,  sheep  20,528,  swine  17,884;  wheat 
124,023  bushels  produced,  Indian  corn  327,967, 
oats  1 15,431,  potatoes  28,343,  sugar  49,925  pounds ; 
43  stores,  cap.  $49,134;  1  forge,  1  fulling  m.,  11 
tanneries,  3  distilleries,  1  flouring  m.,  17  grist  m., 
24  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $59,250.  75  scholars  in  schools. 
Pop.  13,444. 

Gallipolis,  p-t.,  capital  of  Gallia  co.,  O.,  100 
s.  E.  Columbus,  358  W.  It  is  pleasantly  situ- 
ated on  the  w.  bank  of  Ohio  r.  It  has  2  church- 
es, a  jail,  an  academy,  15  stores,  3  steam  m.,  a 
printing  office,  and  80  dwellings,  many  of  them 
handsome  brick  edifices.  Near  the  academy  is 
a  semi-globular  mound,  18  or  20  rods  in  circum- 
ference, at  its  base,  a  monument  of  early  times. 
The  v.  was  organized  in  1810.  There  are  in  the 
t,  18  stores,  cap.  $24,704;  2  tanneries,  1  printing  of- 
fice, 1  weekly  newspaper,  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m., 
1  sawm.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $37,730.  Pop.  1,413. 
Galley  Rock,  t.,  Pope  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1 
sch.  14  scholars.    Pop.  219. 

Galloway,  t.,  Atlantic  co.,  N.  J.  Drained  by 
Nacote  cr.  The  surface  is  even ;  soil,  sandy 
salt  marsh  on  the  s.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $9,700 ; 
1  glass  fac,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $47,500.    8  sch.  616  scholars.     Pop.  2,208. 

Gallupsville,  p-o.,  Schoharie  t.,  Schoharie 
co.,  N.  Y.,  27  w.  Albany,  388  W. 

Gallum,  p-o.,  Perry  co.,  111.,  166  s.  Spring- 
field, 848  wf 

Galway,  p-t.,  Saratoga  co.,  N.  Y.,  36  n.  n.  w. 
Albany,  404  W.  The  surface  is  undulating  and 
hilly ;  soil,  clay  loam,  and  well  cultivated. 
Drained  by  a  branch  of  Kayaderosseras  and  by 
Chuctenunda  creeks.  It  has  6  stores,  capital 
$23,900 ;  4  fulling  m.,  4  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries, 
2gristm.,llsawm.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $21,375.  1 
acad.  37  students,  13  sch.  428  scholars.  Pop.  2,412. 
Galvezton,  v.,  Ascension  parish,  La.  It 
is  on  the  s.  side  of  the  Iberville  r.,  opposite  the 
junction  of  Amite  r. 

Gambier,  p-v.,  Pleasant  t.,  Knox  co.,  O.,  56  n. 
e.  Columbus,  371  W.  It  was  laid  out  in  1826, 
in  the  centre  of  a  tract  of  4,000  acres,  belonging 
to  Kenyon  College.  This  institution  was  found- 
ed in  1826,  by  funds  obtained  in  England  It  is 
under  the  direction  of  the  Episcopalians,  has  a 
president  and  11  professors,  or  other  instructors, 
61  alumni,  8  of  whom  have  been  ministers  of  the 
the  gospel,  55  students,  besides  those  in  the  pre- 
paratory department,  and  8,720  vols,  in  its  li- 
braries. The  commencement  is  on  the  1st  Wed- 
nesday in  September.  The  v.  was  named  after 
Lord  Gambier,  and  is  beautifully  situated  on  a 
high  and  level  ridge  of  land,  encompassed  on 


College  are  4  in  number,  the  principal  of  which 
is  an  elegant  Gothic  edifice  of  hewn  stone,  190 
feet  long,  and  4  stories  high. 

Gamble's,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  156  w.  Har- 
risburg,  212  W. 

Ganges,  p-o.,  Richland  co.,  O.,  75  n.  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 390  W. 

Gansevoort,  p-o.,  Northumberland  t.,  Sara- 
toga co.,  N.  Y.,  49  n.  Albany,  419  W. 

Gap,  p-o.,  Sadsbury  t ,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  54  s. 
E.  Harrisburg,  114  W.  Situated  at  the  E.  foot  of 
the  Mine  Ridge. 

Gap  Creek,  p-o.,  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  195  e. 
Nashville,  510  W. 

Gap  Grove,  p-o.,  Jo-Daviess  co.,  111.,  167  N. 
Springfield,  830  W. 

Gap  Mills,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Va. 

Gardiner,  p-t.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  6  s.  Au- 
gusta, 594  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Ken- 
nebec r.  Cobbeseconte  r.  here  enters  the  Ken- 
nebec, and  for  more  than  a  mile  has  a  continued 
succession  of  falls,  affording  an  extensive  water 
power.  The  v.  contains  an  Episcopal  and  a  Meth- 
odist church,  a  bank,  and  a  lyceum.  There  are 
in  the  t.,  34  stores,  cap.  $63,450 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  2  paper  fac,  1  printing  office,  1  peri- 
odical, 1  weekly  newspaper,  6  tanneries,  1  pot- 
tery, 5  grist  m.,  16  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$87,050.  1  acad.  70  students,  21  sch.  2,086  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  5,042. 

Gardner,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  58  n.  n. 
w.  Boston,  418  W.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and 
the  soil  good  for  grazing.  Watered  by  a  branch 
of  Miller's  r.,  which  affords  water  power.  In- 
corporated in  1785.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $10,000 ; 
1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$108,638.    6  sch.  317  scholars.    Pop.  1,260. 

Gardiner's  Bay,  N.  Y.,  is  a  considerable  ex- 
panse of  water,  at  the  e.  end  of  Long  Island, 
somewhat  in  a  circular  form,  8  miles  in  diameter, 
between  Gardiner's  Island  and  the  main  land. 

Gardiner's  Island,  N.  Y.,  lies  off  the  e.  end 
of  Long  Island,  and  is  4  miles  long  and  2  wide. 
Settled  by  a  man  of  the  same  name,  from  Scot- 
land, in  1639,  whose  descendants  still  occupy  it. 
It  is  highly  cultivated. 

Gardiner's  Lake,  p-o.,  New  London  co.,  Ct., 
34  s.E.Hartford,  347  W. 

Gardner,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  O.,  92  e.  Colum- 
bus, 314  W. 

Gardner's  Bridge,  p-o.,  Martin  co.,  N.  C, 
151  e.  Raleigh,  275  W. 


Gardner's  Ford,  p-o.,  Cleveland  co.,  N.  C, 

Schoharie 


192  w.  s.  w.  Raleigh'  429  W 


Gardnersville,  p-o.,  Seward  t. 
co.,  N.  Y.,  47  w.  Albany,  392  W. 

Gardnersville,  p-o.,  Weakley  co.,  Tenn.,  134 
w.Nashville,  820  W. 

Garland,  p-t,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  98  n.  n.  e. 
Augusta,  693  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  adapted 
to  grain.  Watered  by  head  branches  of  Kandus- 
keag  stream.  Incorporated  in  1811.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $500 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m., 
7  schools,  350  scholars.    Pop.  1,065. 

Garland's,  p-o.,  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  85  n.  n. 
w.  Richmond,  135  W. 

Garlandsville,  p-o.,  Jasper  co.,  Miss.,  94  e. 
s.  e.  Jackson,  972  W. 

Garnettsville,  p-v.,  Mead  co.,  Ky.,  83  w. 
Frankfort,  623  W. 

Garoga,  p-o.,  Ephratah  t.,  Fulton  co.,  N.  Y., 
54  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  400  W. 

Garrard,  county,  Ky.  Situated  a  little  e.  of 
the  central  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  240  sq. 


3  sides  by  Vernon  r.  It  contains  4  stores,  alms.  Kentucky  r.  runs  on  its  N.  border,  Dicks  r 
printing  office,  1  acad.  25  students,  50  dwellings,  runs  on  its  s.  w.,  and  Paint  Lick  cr.  on  its  n.  e 
and  292  inhabitants.    The  buildings  of  Kenyon  1  border.    The  soil  is  highly  productive.    Capital, 


GAT 


231 


GEN 


Lancaster.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
9,120,  sheep  17,582,  swine  35,712  ;  wheat  57,941 
bush,  produced,  rye  38,184,  Ind.  corn  576,495, 
oats  140,130,  potatoes,  16,554,  tobacco  472,480 
pounds,  sugar  35,888  ;  22  stores,  cap.  $108,700  ; 
6  tanneries,  22  distilleries,  7  flouring  m.,  34  grist 
m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $78,863.  4 
acad.  150  students,  15  sch.  390  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  7,110,  slaves,  3,283,  free  col'd  87;  total, 
10,480. 

Garrattsville,  p-o.,  New  Lisbon  t.,  Otsego 
co.,  N.  Y.,  86  w.  Albany,  349  W. 

Garrettsburg,  p-v.,  Christian  co.,  Ky.,  224 
s.  w.  Frankfort,  748  W. 

Garrett's  Factory,  p-o.,  Giles  co.,  Tenn., 
67  s.  Nashville,  717  W. 

Garrettsville,  p-v.,  Nelson  t.,  Portage  co., 
O.,  86  n.  e.  Columbus,  349  W. 

Garysburgh,  p-v.,  Northampton  co.,  N.  C,  98 
n.  e.  Raleigh,  201  W.  Situated  at  the  junction 
of  the  Portsmouth  and  Roanoke  railroad  with  the 
Petersburgh  and  Roanoke  railroad. 

Garysville,  p-o.,  Prince  George  co.,  Va.,  38 
8.  e.  Richmond,  157  W. 

Gasconade,  r.,  Mo.,  rises  in  Pulaski  co.,  and 
after  a  course  of  140  ms.,  affording  extensive 
water  power,  enters  the  Missouri  on  the  s.  side, 
in  Gasconade  co.,  100  ms.  from  its  mouth. 

Gasconade,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the  cen- 
tral part  of  the  state,  and  contains  400  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  uneven  and  broken ;  but  on  the 
level  land  the  soil  is  good,  and  on  the  rivers  very 
fertile.  Iron  ore  and  sulphur  are  found  in  abun- 
dance, and  saltpetre  in  caves.  Limestone,  and 
a  good  substitute  for  burr,  used  in  millstones,  are 
found.  Drained  by  branches  of  Gasconade  r. 
and  Bourbeuse  cr.  Capital,  Hermon.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,590,  sheep  3,470, 
swine  10,971 ;  wheat  7,149  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  136,880,  oats  10,818,  potatoes  6,973,  tobacco 
24,623  pounds;  18  stores,  cap.  $25,510.  Pop. 
whites  4,987,  slaves  342,  free  col'd  1 ;  total, 
5,330. 

Gasconade,  p-v.,  Gasconade  co.,  Mo.,  36  s.  by 
E.  Jefferson  city,  900  W.  Situated  on  the  e. 
aide  of  Gasconade  r. 

Gasparilla  Sound,  Flor.,  extends  from  Clini 
inlet  on  the  w.  coast  of  the  peninsula,  6  miles  to 
Charlotte  bay,  and  is  about  2  ms.  wide.  Clini 
inlet  into  this  sound  has  4  feet  of  water,  and 
Gasparilla  inlet  has  6  feet  of  water  on  the  bar. 

Gaston,  p-v.,  Northampton  co.,  N.  C,  87  n.  e. 
Raleigh,  201  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of 
Roanoke  r.,  at  the  termination  of  the  Raleigh  and 
Gaston  railroad. 

Gaston,  p-o.,  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  89  s.  w.  Tus- 
caloosa, 907  W. 

Gasper,  t.,  Preble  co.,  O.    Pop.  836. 

Gates,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  bordering  on  the  state  of  Va., 
and  contains  353  sq.  ms.  Chowan  r.  runs  on  its 
s.  w.  border,  and  Blackwater  r.  on  its  w.  Capi- 
tal, Gatesville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
4,691,  sheep  3,102,  swine  15,358;  wheat  2,951 
bush,  produced,  rye  1,270,  Ind.  com  192,815,  oats 
10,329,  potatoes  91,552,  cotton  86,591  pounds  ;  10 
stores,  cap.  $49,200 ;  89  distilleries,  4  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,200.  1  acad.  48 
students,  5  sch.  125  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,137, 
slaves  3,642,  free  col'd  332  ;  total,  8,161. 

Gates,  p-t.,  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y.,  3  w.  Rochester, 
225  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  372  W.  The  surface  is 
undulating ;  soil,  sandy,  gravelly,  and  clay  loam. 
It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,000 ;  1  tannery,  9  sch.  426 
scholars.    Pop.  1,728. 

Gates'  Mills,  p-v.,  Mayfield  t.,  Cuyahoga  co., 
O.,  159  N.  n.  E.  Columbus,  347  W.    Situated  on 


Chagrin  r.  Organized  in  1835.  It  has  1  fulling 
m.,  1  carding  machine.     Pop.  about  HX>. 

Gatesville,  p-v.,  capita]  of  Cafes  co.,  N.  C, 
214  e.  n.  e.  Raleigh,  253  W.  Situated  at  the 
forks  of  Bennett's  cr.,  a  small  branch  of  Chowan 
r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  and  several  stores 
and  dwellings. 

Gauley  Bridge,  p-v.,  Fayette  co.,  Va.,  277 
w.  Richmond,  314  W.  Situated  at  the  falls  of 
the  Great  Kanawha  r.  The  r.  is  here  500  yards 
wide,  and  has  a  perpendicular  fall  of  22  feet.  The 
Kanawha  is  navigable  to  this  point.  It  has  2 
stores,  1  flouring  m.,  and  2  saw  m.  The  scenery 
around  is  exceedingly  wild  and  picturesque. 

Gauley,  r.,  Va.,  rises  on  the  w.  side  of  the 
Alleghany  mountains,  and  flowing  a  little  s.  of 
w.,  falls  into  Great  Kanawha  r.  on  the  n.  side,  a 
little  above  the  great  falls. 

Gayhead,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  N.  Y.,  39  s.  w. 
Albany,  351  W. 

Gaylesville,  p-v.,  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  158  n. 
e.  Tuscaloosa,  672  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side 
of  the  Coosa  r. 

Gaylord's  Bridge,  p-o.,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct., 
58  w.  Hartford,  315  W. 

Gaysville,  p-v.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  39  s.  by  E. 
Montpelier,  478  W. 

Geauga,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  600  sq.'  ms.  The 
soil  is  fertile,  and  heavily  timbered.  Watered  by 
the  head  branches  of  Cuyahoga  and  Chagrin 
rivers.  Iron  ore  is  abundant.  Capital,  Chardon. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  20,094,  sheep 
31,949,  swine  12,467;  wheat  92,511  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  1,297,  Ind.  corn  120,319,  buckwheat 
3,593,  barley  2,553,  oats  81,993,  potatoes  120,223, 
sugar  351,710  pounds,  25  stores,  cap.  $31,875  ;  3 
fulling  m.,  7  tanneries,  21  grist  m.,  54  saw  m.,  1 
printing  office.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $27,144.  2 
acad.  89  students,  115  sch.  4,796  scholars.  Pop 
16,297. 

Gebhart's,  p-o.,  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  148  w. 
Harrisburg,  174  W. 

Geddes,  p-v.,  Salina  t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N.  Y., 
133  w.  n.  w.  Albany. 

Geiger's  Mills,  p-o.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  62  e. 
Harrisburg,  140  W. 

Geneganstlet,  p-o.,  Greene  t.,  Chenango  co., 
N.  Y.,  122  w.  Albany,  316  W. 

Genesee,  r.,  N.  Y.,  rises  m  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  and 
passing  into  the  state  of  New  York,  pursues  a 
northwardly  course  to  Lake  Ontario.  Its  whole 
course  is  about  145  ms.,  125  of  which  are  in  the 
state  of  New  York.  At  Rochester,  within  the 
distance  of  3  miles,  it  descends  by  several  falls 
and  rapids  226  feet,  affording  an  immense  water 
power.  It  is  navigable  for  steamboats  4  ms.  to 
Carthage,  and  above  the  falls  at  Rochester,  it  is 
boatable  for  about  20  ms.  The  Genesee  Valley 
canal  passes  along  and  near  this  river,  and  is  fed 
by  it  for  a  great  distance.  In  the  town  of  Por- 
tage, Alleghany  co.,  are  three  falls,  one  of  60,  one 
of  90,  and  one  of  110  feet,  within  the  space  of  2 
miles.  Along  the  r.  for  3  miles  are  perpendicu- 
lar walls  of  stone  400  feet  high,  to  which  depth 
the  r.  has  worn  a  channel  in  the  solid  rock. 

Genesee,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  toward  the 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  473  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  gently  undulating,  and  the  soil  is 
chiefly  sandy  or  gravelly  loam,  very  fertile, 
adapted  alike  to  grass  and  to  grain.  Drained  by 
Allen's,  Black,  and  Tonawanda  creeks.  Iron 
ore,  water  limestone,  and  salt  springs  are  found. 
Capital,  Batavia.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
55,498,sheep  154,393,  swine  43,792 :  wheat  9J  1,596 
bush,  produced,  rye  4,869,  Ind.  corn  232,576, 
buckwheat  19,427,  barley  85,832,  oats  692,172, 


GEN 


232 


GEO 


N 


Y.,  20  s.  w. 
The  surface  is 


potatoes  608,288,  sugar  530,633  pounds ;  2  com. 
EL,  cap.  $12,000;  136  stores  cap  $55o650; 
6  furnaces;  36  fulling  m  8  woollen  fac,  34  tan- 
neries, 3  distilleries,  1  brewery,  12  flouring  m., 
46  grist  m.,  136  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.,  6  printing  offi- 
ces? 7  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$607,538.  13  acad.  1,262  students,  380  sen. 
14,911  scholars.     Pop.  59,587. 

Genesee,  county,  Mich.,  central  in  the  It.  e. 
part  of  the  settled  portion  of  the  state,  and  contains 
504  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  rolling,  and  the  soil 
a  fertile  sandy  loam.  Watered  by  Flint  and 
Shiawassee  rivers,  the  former  of  which  affords 
good  water  power.  Capital,  Flint.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,468,  sheep  1,007,  swine 
6  540;  wheat  37,397  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
17  675,  oats  26,766,  potatoes  41,442,  sugar  37,306 
pounds ;  20  stores,  cap.  $63,000 ;  1  distillery,  3 
flouring  m.,  10  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $33,300.  23  sch. 
479  scholars.    Pop.  4,268. 

Genesee,  t.,  Alleghany  co., 
Angelica,  280  w.  by  n.  Albany, 
elevated  and  broken,  and  the  soil  sandy  loam. 
Watered  by  Little  Genesee  and  Swan  creeks.  It 
has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,000 ;  12  saw  m.     Cap.  in 
manufac.  $14,925.  3  sch.  93  scholars.    Pop.  578. 

Genesee,  t.,  Potter  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  grist  m., 
1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,500.  2  sch.  39 
scholars.    Pop.  127. 

Genesee,  p-t.,  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  65  n.  w. 
Detroit,  589  W.  Flint  r.  passes  centrally  through 
it.  It  contains  a  United  States  land  office.  Pop. 
425. 

Genesee,  t.,  Milwaukee  co.,  Wis.  It  has  1 
grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000. 
Pop.  238. 

Genesee  Fort,  p-o.,  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  171  n.  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  287  W. 

Genesee  Grove,  p-o.,  Whitesides  co.,  111. 

Genesee  Valley,  p-o.,  Amity  t.,  Alleghany 
co.,  N.  Y.,  272  Albany,  326  W. 

Geneseo,  p-t.,  capital  of  Livingston  co.,  N.  Y., 
230  w.  Albany,  347  W.  The  surface  consists  of 
elevated  terraces  and  valleys ;  the  soil  is  fertile, 
particularly  on  the  Genesee  r.  Watered  by 
small  tributaries  of  the  Genesee  r.  The  v.  is 
situated  on  elevated  table  land,  half  a  mile  e.  of 
Genesee  r.  Incorporated  in  1832.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  fire-proof  county  clerk's  office, 
3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  and  1 
Methodist— a  bank,  the  Livingston  county  high 
school,  which  has  a  large  3  story  brick  building, 
10  stores,  120  dwellings,  and  about  900  inhabit- 


3,600  inhabitants.  Geneva  College,  incorporated 
in  1825,  has  a  president,  5  acad.  prof.,  a  tutor,  and 
70  students.  Besides  the  college  library,  there 
are  2  society  libraries  of  about  2,500  vols,  each,  a 
cabinet  of  minerals,  philosophical  and  ample 
chemical  apparatus.  Geneva  Med.  College  was 
established  in  1834,  and  in  1841  liberally  endowed 
with  funds  by  the  state  for  the  erection  of  build- 
ings, &c.  It  has  a  dean,  register,  6  professors,  and 
175  students. 

Geneva,  p-t.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.,  195  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 350  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  shore  of  Lake 
Erie,  and  has  3  stores,  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  2 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.    Pop.  1,215. 

Geneva,  p-v.,  Morgan  co.,  111.,  41  w.  s.  w. 
Springfield,  821  W. 
Geneva,  p-v.,  Dale  co.,  Ala. 
Geneva,  p-t.,  Walworth  co.,  Wis.,  75  s.  E. 
Madison,  790  W.     Pop.  595. 

Genito,  p-v.,  Powhatan  co.,  Va.,  28  w.  Rich- 
mond, 145  W.    It  has  1  store  and  6  dwellings. 

Genoa,  p-t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y.,  161  w.  Al- 
bany, 319  W.  Situated  on  Big  Salmon  creek. 
The  v.  has  2  churches — 1  Presbyterian  and  1 
Universalist — 3  stores,  1  iron  foundry,  2  grist  m., 
30  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.,  7  stores,  cap.  $61,500;  1  fulling  m., 
2  tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $70,690.  21  sch.  1,089  scholars.  Pop. 
2,593. 

Genoa,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.,  O.,  23  n.  Columbus, 
401  W.  Situated  in  the  s.  part  of  the  co.  it  has 
8  schools,  165  scholars.     Pop.  1,193. 

Genoa,  p-t.,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  48  w.  n.  w. 
Detroit,  549  W.  It  has  1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m., 
2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,000.  7  sch.  165 
scholars.    Pop.  504. 

Genoa,  p-v.,  De  Kalb  co.,  111.,  217  n.  n.  e. 
Springfield,  788  W. 

Gentry,  county,  Mo.,  situated  in  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  500  sq.  ms.    Wa- 
tered by  the  w.  fork  of  Grand  r.     (Unorganized.) 
Gentsville,  p-o.,  Abbeville  dist.,  S.  C,  106 
w.  Columbia,  534  W. 

George's,  t.,  Fayette  co.,  Pa.  It  has  6  stores, 
cap.  $18,900 ;  1  furnace,  2  forges,  1  tannery,  1 
pottery,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,155.  5 
sch.  60  scholars.     Pop.  2,371. 

George,  t.,  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1  tan- 
nery, 2  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,000. 

George's  Creek,  p-o.,  Lawrence  co.,  Ky.f 
170  e.  Frankfort,  448  W. 

George,  lake,  or  Horicon,  N.  Y.,  separates 
Warren  from  Washington  counties,  lying  partly 
in  both,  and  has  its  outlet  into  Lake  Champlain. 
It  is  230  feet  above  the  Hudson  r.,  and  is  36  ms. 
long,  and  from  2  to  3  wide,  and  is  said  to  have  as 
many  islands  as  there  are  days  in  the  year.  In 
picturesque  scenery,  it  is  unsurpassed  in  the 
United  States,  perhaps  in  the  world.  On  ac- 
count of  the  purity  of  its  waters,  the  French 
called  it  Lac  Sacrament,  the  bottom  being  visible 
to  the  depth  of  30  or  40  feet.  Its  shores  contain 
the  remains  of  several  old  forts,  memorable  in  the 
French  and  revolutionary  wars.  A  steamboat 
plies  regularly  on  the  lake.  Its  outlet  affords 
good  water  power. 

Georgesville,  p-v..  Pleasant  t.,  Franklin  co., 
O.,  13  s.  w.  Columbus,  406  W.  Organized  m 
1816.  Situated  on  Little  Darby  cr.,  and  in  the 
immediate  vicinity,  just  above  its  mouth,  are  1 
grist  m.  and  1  saw  m.  ,  . 

Georgetown,  district,  S.  C.  Situated  in  the 
e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,040  sq.  miles. 
Santee  r.  runs  on  its  s.  border.  Watered  by 
Great  Pedee  and  Waccamaw  rivers,  which  enter 


ants.    There  are  in  the  1. 18  stores,  cap.  $109,850 
2  furnaces,  1  tannery,  2  printing  offices,  2  week- 
ly newspapers,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.    Cap.  in 
manufac.  $38,230.     1  acad.  100  students,  15  sch. 
764  scholars.    Pop.  2,892. 

Geneseo,  p-v.,  capital  of  Henry  co.,  111.,  146 
N.  N.  w.  Springfield,  875  W. 

Geneva,  p-v.,  Seneca  t.,  Ontario  co.,  N.  Y. 
Beautifully  situated  near  the  northern  extremity 
of  Seneca  Lake,  on  its  w.  side.  In  the  n.  part 
of  the  v.,  the  land  rises  gradually  from  the  land- 
ing place  on  the  lake  shore,  until  it  attains  a  com- 
manding elevation ;  and  along  this  part  are  the 
principal  business  situations  ;  toward  the  s.  part 
of  the  v.  a  street  runs  along  the  high  bank  of  the 
lake,  from  which  is  a  delightful  view  of  it  and  the 
surrounding  country.  Incorporated  in  1812.  It 
contains  9  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episco- 
pal, 1  Dutch  Reformed,  1  Associate  Reformed,  1 
Baptist,  1  Methodist,  1  African  Baptist,  1  Univer- 
salist, and  1  Roman  Catholic — 2  banks,  50  stores, 
2  printing  offices,  1  steam  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m., 
2  furnaces,  2  breweries,  500  dwellings,  and  about!  Winyaw  bay.    The  surface  is  level,  and  to  some 


c;iUli 


GEO 


233 


GEO 


nt  marshy,  but  the  soil  is  very  productive, 
tal,  Georgetown.  There  were  in  1810,  neat 
came  11,200,  sheep  3,500,  swine  7,840;  Indian 
corn  101,975  bushels  produced,  oats  13,180,  po- 
tatoes 300,000,  salt  850,  rice  36,360,000  pounds, 
cotton  14,174 ;  3  commission  houses  in  for.  trade, 
cap.  $10,300  ;  31  stores,  cap.  $174,775  ;  6  grist  m., 
2  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,200.  4  acad.  165  students, 
6  sch.  73  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,093,  slaves 
15,993,  free  col'd  183 ;  total,  18,274. 

Georgetown,  p-t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  50  s. 
Augusta,  590  W.  It  consists  of  two  considerable 
islands,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kennebec  r.,  which 
runs  on  the  w.,  and  Sheepscot  river  on  the  e., 
with  the  Atlantic  on  the  s.  Incorporated  in  1716. 
It  has  excellent  harbors,  and  is  considerably  en- 
gaged in  navigation  and  the  fisheries.  An  un- 
successful attempt  was  made  to  form  a  settle- 
ment in  this  place,  by  the  Plymouth  co.,  in 
1607,  but  it  was  abandoned  the  next  year.  It 
has  5  stores,  cap.  $10,600  ;  1  grist  m.,  10  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $38,250.  12  sch.  572  scholars. 
Pop.  1,356. 

Georgetown,  p-v.,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  31  n. 
by  e.  Boston,  464  W.  Organized  from  Rowley, 
in  1838.  Watered  by  a  branch  of  Parker's  river. 
It  has  8  stores,  cap.  $21,500 ;  9  tanneries,  1  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $107,500.  Pop. 
1,540. 

Georgetown,  p-t.,  Madison  co.,  N.  Y.,  112 
w.  by  n.  Albany,  348  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ; 
soil,  clay  loam,  well  adapted  to  grass.  Drained 
by  head  branches  of  Ostelic  r.  The  v.  contains 
2  churches — 1  Presbyterian  and  1  Baptist — 1 
store,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  1  tannery,  50 
dwellings,  and  about  300  inhabitants.  There  are 
in  the  t.,  1  store,  cap.  $3,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tan- 
nery, 1  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$7,550.     10  sch.  406  scholars.     Pop.  1,130. 

Georgetown,  p-v.,  Green  t.,  Beaver  Co.,  Pa., 
211  w.  by  n.  Harrisburg,  267  W.  Situated  on 
the  n.  side  of  Mill  cr.,  on  the  s.  side  of  Ohio  r. 

Georgetown,  p-v.,  capital  of  Sussex  co.,  Del., 
41  e.  of  s.  Dover,  135  W.  Situated  between  the 
sources  of  Nanticoke  and  Indian  rivers.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  an  academy,  and  a  bank,  and 
about  300  inhabitants. 

Georgetown,  city  and  port  of  entry,  Wash- 
ington co.,  District  of  Columbia,  on  the  N.  E. 
bank  of  the  Potomac  r.,  200  miles  from  its  mouth, 
and  2  miles  w.  of  Washington  city,  from  which  it 
is  separated  by  Rock  creek,  over  which  are  2 
bridges.  The  situation  is  pleasant,  commanding 
a  fine  view  of  the  Potomac  r.,  the  city  of  Wash- 
ington, and  of  the  adjacent  country  ;  and  it  con- 
tains many  elegant  buildings  and  country  seats. 
It  has  4  banks,  a  market  house,  7  churches— 2 
Episcopal,  2  Methodist,  1  Presbyterian,  1  Roman 
Catholic,  and  1  col'd  Methodist — and  a  Roman 
Catholic  college,  with  2  spacious  brick  edifices, 
finely  situated,  founded  in  1789,  which  has  a  pre- 
sident and  16  professors,  or  other  instructors,  90 
alumni,  135  students,  and  22,000  vols,  in  its  li- 
braries. The  commencement  is  near  the  last  of 
July.    It  was  authorized  by  congress,  in  1815, 


to  confer  degrees.  There  is  also  a  nunnery, 
called  the  (  onvent  of  Visitation,  founded  in  1798, 
which  contains  from  50  to  70  nuns,  attached  to 
which  is  a  large  female  academy,  which  general- 
ly contains  100  young  ladies,  instructed  by  the 
nuns.  The  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  canal  com- 
mences at  this  place,  which  is  designed  to  be  ex- 
tended to  the  Ohio  r.,  and  which  has  been  re- 
cently continued  to  Alexandria.  There  were  in 
1840,  7  commercial  and  2  commission  houses, 
cap.  $310,000;  23  retail  stores,  cap.  $247,400; 
2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $20,000;  2  tanneries,  1 
printing  office,  1  semi-weekly  newspaper,  1  flour- 
ing m.,  producing  10,500  barrels  annually,  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $154,700.  6  acad.  484  stu- 
dents, 9  sch.  435  scholars.  Pop.  7,312.  Tonnage 
of  the  port  9,964. 

Georgetown,  p-v.,  port  of  entry  and  capital  of 
Georgetown  district,  S.  C,  152  e.  s.  e.  Columbia, 
488  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  Winy  aw  bay, 
at  the  entrance  of  Sampit  cr.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  bank,  an  academy,  4  churches — 1 
Episcopal,  1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Meth- 
odst — 35  stores,  and  about  2,500  inhabitants. 
The  harbor  admits  vessels  requiring  1 1  feet  of 
water,  and  the  trade  of  an  extensive  back  coun- 
try is  opened  to  it  by  the  rivers  which  flow  into 
into  Winyaw  bay.    Tonnage  1840,  4,415. 

Georgetown,  p-v.,  Randolph  co.,  Ga.  Situ- 
ated on  the  e.  bank  of  Chattahoochee  r. 

Georgetown,  p-v.,  Copiah  co.,  Miss.,  57  s. 
Jackson,  1,037  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Pearl  r. 

Georgetown,  p-v.,  capital  of  Scott  co.,  Ky., 
17  e.  Frankfort,  525  W.  Situated  on  the  n. 
branch  of  Elkhorn  r.,  a  tributary  of  Kentucky 
r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a  bank,  a  print- 
ing office,  2  churches — 1  Baptist  and  1  Methodist 
— 1  acad.  40  students.  Pop.  1,511.  George- 
town college,  under  the  direction  of  the  Baptists, 
is  located  here,  was  founded  in  1829,  has  a  pre- 
sident and  3  professors,  or  other  instructors,  12 
alumni,  114  students,  and  1,200  vols,  in  its  li- 
braries. The  commencement  is  on  the  last 
Thursday  in  June. 

Georgetown,  p-v.,  capital  of  Brown  co.,  O. 
It  is  situated  in  Pleasant  t.,  1  m.  from  White  Oak 
cr.,  7£  ms.  from  the  Ohio  r.,  107  s.  s.  w.  Colum- 
bus, 466  W.  It  has  a  court  house,  jail,  4  church- 
es— 1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  1 
New  Light— 12  stores,  2  tanneries,  1  brewery,  1 
printing  office,  and  1  weekly  newspaper,  various 
mechanic  shops,  120  houses,  many  of  them  of 
brick,  and  about  600  inhabitants. 

Georgetown,  p-v.,  capital  of  Pettis  co.,  Mo., 
67  w.  Jefferson  city,  1,003  W.  Situated  on  the 
e.  side  of  the  south  fork  of  La  Mine  r.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house  and  several  dwellings. 

Georgetown,  p-v.,  Floyd  co.,  la.,  130  s.  In- 
dianapolis, 609  W.  Situated  on  a  branch  of  In- 
dian cr. 

Georgetown,  p-v.,  Vermillion  co.,  111.,  140  e. 
Springfield,  667  W.  Situated  on  the  N.  side  of 
Little  Vermillion  r. 

Georgetown  Cross  Roads,  p-o.f  Kent  co., 
Md.,  58  n.  E.  Annapolis,  112  W. 


GEORGIA. 

Georgia,  one  of  the  Southern  United  States,  is  bounded  N.  by  Tennessee  and  N.  Carolina ; 
N.  E.  by  S.  Carolina;  e.  by  the  Atlantic;  s.  by  Florida;  and  w.  by  Alabama.  It  is  between  30° 
30'  and  35°  n.  lat.,  and  between  80°  50'  and  86°  6'  w.  Ion.,  and  between  3°  52'  and  8°  47'  w.  from 
W.  It  is  300  miles  long  from  n.  to  s.,  and  240  broad  from  e.  to  w.,  containing  53,000  sq.  miles,  or 
37,120,000  acres.  The  population  in  1790,  was  82,584 ;  in  1800,  162,686 ;  in  1810,  252,433 ;  in 
1820,  348,989;  in  1830,  516,567;  in  1840,  691,392,  of  which  280,944  were  slaves.  Employed  in 
30 


GEO  234 GEO 

^culture  209283;  in  commerce,  2,428 ;  in  manufactures  and  trades,  7,984 ;  mining,  574;  navi- 
lt\n<r  the  ocean,  262  ;  do.  canals,  rivers,  &c,  352 ;  learned  professions,  1,250. 

This  state  is  divided  into  93  counties,  which,  with  their  population  in  1840,  and  their  capitals, 
were  as  follows:  Appling,  2,052,  Holmesville;  Baker,  4,226,  Newton;  Baldwin,  7,250,  Mil- 
ledeeville-  Bibb,  9,802,  Macon;  Bryan,  3,182,  Bryan  C.  H. ;  Bullock,  3,102,  Statesborough ; 
Burke  13176  Waynesborough ;  Butts,  5,308,  Jackson;  Camden,  6,075,  Jeffersonton ;  Camp- 
bell 5  370  Campbellton ;  Carroll,  5,252,  Carrollton ;  Cass,  9,390,  Cassville ;  Chatham,  18,801, 
Savannah;' Chattooga  3,438,  Summerville;  Cherokee,  5,895,  Canton;  Clarke,  10,522, 
Athens-  Cobb,  7,539,  Marietta;  Columbia,  11,356,  Applington ;  Coweta,  10,364,  Newnan;  Dade, 
1  364  Trenton  ;  Decatur,  5,872,  Bainbridge  ;  De  Kalb,  10,467,  Decatur;  Dooly,  4,427,  Vienna; 
Early,  5,444,  Blakeley ;  Effingham,  3,075,  Springfield;  Elbert,  11,125,  Elberton;  Emanuel, 
3129  Swain'sborough ;  Fayette,  6,191,  Fayetteville ;  Floyd,  4,441,  Rome;  Forsyth,  5,619, 
Cumming;  Franklin,  9,886,  Carnesville;  Gilmer,  2,536,  Ellejay;  Glynn,  5,302,  Brunswick ; 
Greene,  11,690,  Greensborough ;  Gwinnett,  10,804,  Lawrenceville  ;  Habersham,  7,961,  Clarks- 
ville  •  Hall,  7,875,  Gainesville ;  Hancock,  9,659,  Sparta ;  Harris,  13,933,  Hamilton ;  Heard, 
5,329,' Franklin ;  Henry,  11,756,  McDonough;  Houston,  9,711,  Perry;  Irwin,  2,033,  Irwinville; 
Jackson,  8,522,  Jefferson;  Jasper,  11,111,  Monticello ;  Jefferson,  7,254,  Louisville;  Jones, 
10,065,  Clinton ;  Laurens,  5,5S5,  Dublin ;  Lee,  4,520,  Starkeville ;  Liberty,  7,241,  Hinesville ; 
Lincoln,  5,895,  Lincolnton;  Lowndes,  5,574,  Troupsville  ;  Lumpkin,  5,671,  Dahlonega;  Macon, 
5,045,  Lanier  ;  Madison,  4,510,  Danielsville ;  Marion,  4,812,  Tazewell ;  McIntosh,  5,360,  Danen ; 
Meriwether,  14,132,  Greeneville;  Monroe,  16,275,  Forsyth;  Montgomery,  1,616,  Mount 
Vernon  ;  Morgan,  9,121,  Madison ;  Murray,  4,695,  Spring  Place ;  Muscogee,  11,699,  Columbus; 
Newton,  11,628,  Covington;  Oglethorpe,  10,868,  Lexington;  Paulding,  2,556,  Van  Wart; 
Pike,  9,176,  Zebulon ;  Pulaski,  5,389,  Hawkinsville  ;  Putnam,  10,260,  Eatonton  ;  Rabun,  1,912, 
Clayton;  Randolph,  8,276,  Cuthbert;  Richmond,  11,932,  Augusta;  Scriven,  4,794,  Jackson- 
boro ;  Stewart,  12,933,  Lumpkin ;  Sumpter,  5,759,  Americus ;  Talbot,  15,627,  Talbotton ; 
Talliaferro,  5,190,  Craw  ford  sville ;  Tatnall,  2,724,  Reidsville  ;  Telfair,  2,763,  Jacksonville; 
Thomas,  6,766,  Thomasville  ;  Troup,  15,733,  Lagrange  ;  Twiggs,  8,422,  Marion  ;  Union,  3,152, 
Blairsville  ;  Upson,  9,408,  Thomaston ;  Walker,  6,572,  Lafayette ;  Walton,  10,209,  Monroe ; 
Ware,  2,323,  Waresboro;  Warren,  9,789,  Warrenton;  Washington,  10,565,  Sandersville ; 
Wayne,  1,258,  Wayne  C.  H. ;  Wilkes,  10,148,  Washington  ;  Wilkinson,  6,842,  Irwinton. 

From  the  ocean,  for  the  distance  of  7  miles,  there  is  a  margin  of  islands,  intersected  by  rivers, 
creeks,  and  inlets,  communicating  with  each  other,  and  forming  an  inland  navigation  for  vessels  of 
100  tons  burden,  along  the  whole  coast.  These  sea  islands  consist  of  salt  marsh,  and  land  of  a 
gray  rich  soil,  which  produces  sea-island  cotton  of  a  superior  quality.  The  natural  growth  of  this 
soil  is  pine,  hickory,  and  live  oak.  The  principal  islands  are  Tybee,  Ossabaw,  St.  Catharines,  Sa- 
pelo,  St.  Simons,  and  Cumberland.  The  coast  on  the  main  land,  for  4  or  5  miles,  is  a  salt  marsh. 
Back  of  this  there  is  a  narrow  margin  of  land,  nearly  resembling  that  of  the  islands ;  and  back  of 
this  commence  the  pine  barrens,  interspersed  with  numerous  inland  swamps,  on  the  margin  of  the 
creeks  and  rivers.  These  are  partially  or  wholly  overflowed  at  the  return  of  the  tide,  and  constitute 
the  rice  plantations.  The  pine  barrens  reach  from  60  to  90  miles  from  the  coast.  Beyond  this  com- 
mences the  country  of  sand  hills,  30  or  40  miles  wide,  interspersed  with  fertile  tracts,  and  extend- 
ing to  the  lower  falls  of  the  rivers.  The  part  of  the  state,  above  the  falls  of  the  rivers,  is  called  the 
Upper  Country,  and  has  generally  a  strong  and  fertile  soil,  often  inclining  to  a  red  color,  and  fur- 
ther back,  mixed  with  a  deep  black  mold,  producing  cotton,  tobacco,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and 
other  kinds  of  grain.  Black  walnut  and  mulberry  trees  grow  abundantly  in  this  soil.  The  forests 
also  produce  oak,  pine,  hickory,  and  cedar.  The  fruits  are,  melons,  figs,  oranges,  pomegranates, 
olives,  lemons,  limes,  citrons,  pears,  and  peaches.  The  pine  barrens  produce  grapes  of  a  large 
size  and  excellent  flavor.  The  country  on  the  n.,  near  the  boundary  of  Tennessee,  becomes 
mountainous. 

In  this  state  there  were  in  1840,  157,540  horses  and  mules ;  884,414  neat  cattle  ;  267,107  sheep ; 
1,457,755  swine  ;  poultry  to  the  value  of  $449,623.  There  were  produced  1,801,830  bushels  of  wheat ; 
12,979  of  barley ;  1,610,030  of  oats;  60,693  of  rye  ;  20,905,122  of  Indian  corn;  371,303  pounds  of 
wool;  19,799  of  wax;  1,211,366  of  potatoes ;  16,969  tons  of  hay;  10  of  flax  and  hemp;  162,894 
pounds  of  tobacco ;  12,384,732  of  rice  ;  163,392,396  of  cotton ;  2,992  of  silk  cocoons ;  329,744  of 
sugar.  The  products  of  the  dairy  were  valued  at  $605,172 ;  and  of  the  orchard,  $156,122  ;  of  lum- 
ber $114,050.  There  were  made,  8,647  gallons  of  wine. 
The  staple  commodities  of  this  state  are  cotton  and  rice,  of  which  great  quantities  are  exported. 
Copper  and  iron  have  been  found  in  this  state,  and  there  are  several  valuable  mineral  springs,  but 
much  the  most  valuable  mineral  production  is  gold,  which  is  found  in  the  N.  part  of  the  state,  in 
considerable  quantities. 

The  exports  of  this  state  in  1840,  amounted  to  $6,862,959  ;  and  the  imports  to  $491,428.    There 
were  4  commercial  and  82  commission  houses  engaged  in  foreign  trade,  with  a  capital  of  $1,543,500 ; 


GEO  235  GEO 

1,716  retail  drygoods  and  other  stores,  with  a  capital  of  $7,301,838 ;  442  persons  were  employed  in 
the  lumber  trade,  with  a  capital  of  $75,730 ;  194  persons  were  employed  in  internal  transportation, 
who,  with  17  butchers,  packers,  &c,  employed  a  capital  of  $12,885. 

The  amount  of  home-made  or  family  goods  was  $1,407,030.  There  was  1  woollen  manufactory 
employing  10  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $3,000,  with  a  capital  of  $2,000;  19 
cotton  factories  with  42,599  spindles,  employing  779  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of 
$304,342,  employing  a  capital  of  $573,835 ;  14  furnaces,  producing  494  tons  of  cast  iron,  employ- 
ing 41  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $24,000;  130  smelting  houses  employed  405  persons,  and  pro- 
duced gold  to  the  amount  of  $121,881,  with  a  capital  of  $79,343;  55  persons  manufactured  hats  and 
caps  to  the  amount  of  $22,701,  with  a  capital  of  $7,950 ;  132  tanneries  employed  437  persons,  and 
a  capital  of  $127,739  ;  102  other  leather  manufactories,  as  saddleries,  &c,  produced  articles  to  the 
amount  of  $123,701,  with  a  capital  of  $00,932 ;  0  potteries,  employing  12  persons,  produced  articles 
to  the  amount  of  $2,050,  with  a  capital  of  $790  ;  184  persons  produced  machinery  to  the  amount  of 
$131,238  ;  19  persons  produced  hardware  and  cutlery  to  the  amount  of  $7,800 ;  555  persons  pro- 
duced bricks  and  lime  to  the  amount  of  $148,055 ;  2,033  persons  made  704,528  pounds  of  soap, 
and  111,000  pounds  of  tallow  candles,  with  a  capital  of  $27,120;  393  distilleries  produced  120,746 
gallons,  which  with  22  breweries  employed  218  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $28,000 ;  401  persons  man- 
ufactured carriages  and  wagons  to  the  amount  of  $249,005,  with  a  capital  of  $93,820 ;  114  flouring 
mills  produced  55,158  barrels  of  flour,  and,  with  other  mills,  employed  1,581  persons,  producing 
articles  to  the  amount  of  $1,208,715,  with  a  capital  of  $1,491,973 ;  95  persons  manufactured  furniture 
to  the  amount  of  $49,780,  with  a  capital  of  $29,090 ;  38  brick  or  stone  houses,  and  2,591  wooden 
houses  were  built  by  2,274  persons,  at  a  cost  of  $093,110;  24  printing  offices,  and  5  binderies,  5 
daily,  5  semi-weekly,  and  24  weekly  newspapers,  and  0  periodicals,  employed  157  persons,  and  a 
capital  of  $134,400.    The  whole  amount  of  capital  employed  in  manufactures  was  $2,899,505. 

The  climate  of  Georgia  is  generally  mild.  In  the  low  country  it  is  unhealthy  during  the  months 
of  July,  August,  and  September,  excepting  portions  of  the  islands ;  but  the  upper  country  is  salu- 
brious and  healthy.  Snow  is  seldom  seen,  and  cattle  subsist  with  very  little  food  but  what  they 
obtain  from  the  woods  and  savannahs. 

The  rivers  are— the  Savannah,  000  miles  long,  bounding  the  state  on  the  n.  e.,  navigable  for 
ships  17  miles  to  Savannah,  and,  a  part  of  the  year,  for  steamboats,  250  miles  to  Augusta ;  the  Al- 
tamaha,  which  is  navigable  for  large  vessels,  12  miles,  to  Darien,  is  formed  by  the  junction  of  the 
Oconee  and  the  Ocmulgee ;  and  is  navigable  for  sloops  of  30  tons,  by  the  former,  to  Dublin,  300 
miles  from  the  ocean ;  the  Ogeeche,  200  miles  long,  and  navigable  for  sloops  40  miles ;  Flint  river, 
which  rises  in  the  n.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and,  after  a  course  of  more  than  200  miles,  joins  the  Chatta- 
hoochee, forming  the  Appalachicola ;  the  Chattahoochee,  on  the  w.  border  of  the  state,  which  is 
navigable  300  miles  by  steamboat  to  Columbus ;  the  St.  Marys  river,  in  the  s.  w.  part  of  the  state, 
rises  in  Okefinokee  Swamp,  and  is  navigable,  70  miles,  for  vessels  drawing  14  feet  of  water. 
Okefinokee  Swamp  is  about  180  miles  in  circumference,  and  has  in  it  several  fertile  islands. 

Savannah,  on  the  Savannah  river,  is  the  largest  and  most  commercial  place  in  the  state.  Au- 
gusta, at  the  head  of  steamboat  navigation  on  the  same  river,  is  a  place  of  extensive  trade,  in  the 
interior.    Macon,  Columbus,  Milledgeville,  and  Darien  are  considerable  places. 

The  University  of  Georgia  is  located  at  Athens,  and  is  designed  to  have  an  academic  branch  in 
each  county.  A  few  only  of  these  have  been  opened.  It  was  founded  in  1788,  and  has  been  well 
endowed.  In  this  institution  and  its  branches,  there  were  in  1840,  022  students.  There  were  in 
the  state,  170  academies  or  grammar  schools,  with  7,878  students ;  and  001  common  or  primary 
schools,  with  15,501  scholars.  There  were  30,717  free  white  persons  over  20  years  of  age  who 
could  neither  read  nor  write. 

The  Baptists,  Methodists,  and  Presbyterians  are  the  most  numerous  religious  denominations. 
In  1835  the  Baptists  had  583  churches,  298  ministers,  and  41,810  communicants  ;  Methodists,  80 
travelling  preachers,  and  25,005  white,  and  8,430  colored  communicants;  Presbyterians,  75 
churches,  45  ministers,  and  4,882  communicants;  Episcopalians  4  ministers;  Protestant  Meth- 
odists, 20  congregations  and  15  ministers.  Besides  these  there  were  a  number  of  Christ-ians,  Ro- 
man Catholics,  Lutherans,  Scots  Presbyterians,  Friends,  and  Jews. 

In  1840,  this  state  had  37  banks  and  branches,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $15,119,219,  and  a 
circulation  of  $3,017,348.    At  the  close  of  1840  the  state  debt  amounted  to  $500,000. 
This  state  has  a  penitentiary  at  Milledgeville. 

The  first  constitution  of  Georgia  was  formed  in  1777 ;  a  second,  in  1785 ;  and  the  present,  in 
1798.  The  governor  is  elected  by  the  people,  and  holds  his  office  2  years.  One  senator  is  elected 
for  each  county.  The  representatives  are  proportioned  to  the  population,  including  three  fifths 
of  the  people  of  color,  but  each  county  is  entitled  to  at  least  one,  and  one  to  more  than  4  members. 
The  general  assembly  meets  annually  in  November,  at  Milledgeville.  All  the  free  white  male 
inhabitants,  who  shall  have  resided  within  the  county  in  which  they  vote,  six  months  preceding  the 
election,  and  shall  have  paid  taxes  in  the  state  for  the  year  previous,  have  the  right  of  suffrage. 


GER 


236 


GER 


The  judges  of  the  superior  court  are  elected  for  three  years  by  the  legislature;  and  the  judges 
of  the  inferior  courts,  and  justices  of  the  peace,  are  elected  for  4  years  by  the  people. 

This  state  has  several  important  works  of  internal  improvement.  The  Savannah  and  Ogeechee 
canal  extends  16  miles,  from  Savannah  to  Ogeechee  river,  completed  in  1829,  at  an  expense  of 
$165  000.  The  Brunswick  canal  extends  from  tide  water  on  the  Altamaha,  12  miles  to  Bruns- 
wick', at  a  cost  of  $500,000. 

The  Georgia  railroad  extends  from  Augusta,  165  miles,  to  De  Kalb  county.  The  Athens  Branch 
extends  from  the  Georgia  railroad,  33  miles,  to  Athens.  Cost  of  the  whole,  including  the  Athens 
branch  $3,300,000.  The  Western  and  Atlantic  railroad  continues  the  Georgia  railroad  from  De 
Kalb  county,  140  miles,  to  Chattanooga,  on  Tennessee  river,  at  a  cost  of  $2,130,000.  The  Central 
railroad  extends  from  Savannah,  197  miles,  to  Macon,  estimated  to  cost  $2,300,000.  The  Monroe 
railroad  extends  from  Macon,  101  miles,  to  Whitehall.  The  Ocmulgee  and  Flint  River  railroad, 
76  miles  in  length,  is  designed  to  connect  the  navigable  waters  of  these  rivers,  so  as  to  form  a  com- 
munication from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

In  1732  the  country  between  the  Savannah  and  Altamaha  was  granted  by  George  II.  to  Gen. 
Oglethorpe  and  others.  He,  with  40  others,  landed  at  Yamacraw  Bluff,  and  founded  Savannah, 
Feb.  1st,  1733. 

This  state  suffered  much,  in  its  earlier  periods,  from  wars  with  the  Spaniards  in  Florida.  In  17:>2 
the  trustees  surrendered  the  province  to  the  king,  and  a  general  court  was  established  in  1755.  In 
1763  George  III.  annexed  the  country  between  the  Altamaha  and  the  St.  Marys  to  the  province. 
Savannah  was  taken  by  the  British  in  the  revolutionary  war,  December  29th,  1778.  The  town  and 
state  were  evacuated  by  the  British,  in  July,  1782.  In  convention,  this  state  adopted  the  constitu- 
tion of  the  United  States,  Jan.  2d,  1788,  by  a  unanimous  vote. 

$39,800 ;  2  forges,  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2 
tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$32,935  5  11  sch.  440  scholars.     Pop.  3,245. 

Germanno,  p-v.,  German  t.,  Harrison  co.,  O., 
120  e.  n.  e.  Columbus,  286  W. 

German  Settlement,  p-v.,  Preston  co.,  Va., 
242  n.  w.  Richmond,  166  W.  It  has  1  church, 
free  to  all  denominations,  2  stores,  3  grist  m.,  4 
saw  m.,  1  carding  machine,  2  tanneries,  100 
dwellings,  and  about  500  inhabitants. 

Germanton,  p-v.,  capital,  Stokes  co.,  N.  C, 
123  n.  w.  Raleigh,  319  W.  Situated  on  the  s. 
side  of  the  town  fork  of  Dan  r.  It  has  a  brick 
court  house,  jail,  a  Methodist  church,  4  stores, 
and  about  130  inhabitants. 

Germantown,  p-t.,  Columbia  co.,  N.  Y.,  46  s. 
Albany,  334  W.  The  surface  is  gently  undula- 
ting ;  soil,  clay  loam,  and  well  cultivated.  It 
has  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Lutheran  church,  and 
3  landings,  with  storehouses,  on  Hudson  r.  It 
has  4  stores,  cap.  $10,000;  4  sch.  65  scholars. 
Pop.  969. 

Germantown,  t.,  Fayette  co.,  Pa.  It  has  5 
stores,  cap.  $17,400  ;  2  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  5 
grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,175.  9 
sch.  572  scholars.    Pop.  2,310. 


Georgia,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  40  n.  w.  Mont- 
pelier,  535  W.  It  lies  on  Lake  Champlain, 
which  bounds  it  on  the  w.  Along  the  lake  shore 
the  surface  is  level,  and  the  soil  is  exceedingly 
fertile.  The  soil  in  the  s.  part  is  sandy,  and 
covered  with  pine.  Lamoille  r.  crosses  the  s. 
part,  and  affords  water  power.  It  has  1  Congre- 
gational and  1  Baptist  church ;  3  stores,  capital 
$3,000 ;  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1  oil  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,000.  1  acad.  18  students,  8 
sch.  177  scholars.    Pop.  2,106. 

Gerard,  p-v.,  Russell  co.,  Ala.,  193  e.  by  s. 
Tuscaloosa,  758  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank  of 
the  Chattahoochee  r.  It  contains  several  stores 
and  dwellings. 

Gerardstown,  p-v.,  Berkley  co.,  Va.,  165  n. 
Richmond,  87  W.  It  contains  3  churches — 1 
Presbyterian,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Lutheran — 2 
stores,  1  tannery,  35  dwellings,  and  about  85  in- 
habitants. 


German,  p-t.,  Chenango  co.,  N.  Y.,  123  w.  Al- 
bany, 326  W.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  the 
soil  well  adapted  to  grazing.  It  has  1  store,  4 
saw  m.,  10  sen.  428  scholars.     Pop.  965. 

German,  p-t.,  Darke  co.,  O.,  97  w.  Columbus, 
491  W.    It  has  3  sch.  60  scholars.    Pop.  1,178. 

German,  t.,  Allen  co.,  O.  It  has  2  sch.  45 
scholars.    Pop.  856. 

German,  t.,  Clark  co.,  O.  It  has  10  sch.  135 
scholars.    Pop.  1,666. 

German,  t.,  Harrison  co.,  O.  It  has  5  sch.  224 
scholars.    Pop.  1,369. 

German,  t.,  Holmes  co.,  O.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $800 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  brewery,  1 
grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$3,340.     Pop.  1,295. 

German,  t.,  Lucas  co.,  O.  It  has  2  sch.  108 
scholars.     Pop.  452. 

German,  t.,  Bartholomew  co.,  la. 

German,  t.,  Cape  Girardeau  co.,  Mo.   Pop.  771. 

German,  t.,  Madison  co.,  Mo.  It  has  4  sch.  84 
scholars.    Pop.  417. 

German  Flats,  t.,  Herkimer  co.,  N.  Y.,  83  w 
N.  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  undulating  ;  but  on 
the  Mohawk  r.,  which  runs  on  its  n.  border,  are 
extensive  and  fertile  alluvial  flats.  First  settled  bv 
Germans,  whence  it  derived  its  name.  The  Erie 
canal  passes  through  it.    It  has  14  stores,  capital 


Germantown,  p-t.,  Philadelphia  co.,  Pa.,  6  n. 
w.  Philadelphia,  104  E.  s.  E.  Harrisburg,  144  W. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  and  the  soil  loam  and  allu- 
vial bottoms.  Watered  by  Wissihickon  cr.  and 
its  branches,  and  Wingohocking  cr.  It  lies  on  a 
street  3  ms.  long,  which  contains  700  dwellings, 
many  stores  and  mechanic  shops,  10  churches — 

1  Presbyterian,  1  German  Calvinist,  2  Lutheran, 

2  Friends,  1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist,  1  Tunker, 
and  1  Menonist.  It  was  founded  by  Quaker 
Germans.  Germantown  may  be  regarded  as  a 
suburb  of  Philadelphia,  and  many  of  its  inhabit- 
ants are  those  who  have  sought  retirement  from 
the  bustle  of  the  city.  A  hard-fought  battle  of 
the  revolution  took  place  here,  in  October,  1777, 
in  which  the  loss  of  the  Americans,  in  killed  and 
wounded,  was  about  700,  and  of  the  British  500. 
It  has  43  stores,  cap.  $104,820  ;  2  lumber  yards, 
cap.  $22,000 ;  2  woollen  fac,  3  cotton  fac  400 
sp.,  2  dyeing  establishments,  1  tannery,  1  brew- 
ery, 1  paper  fac,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper,  5  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  oil  m. 


GHO 

Cap.  in  manufac.  $263,  100.  4  acad.  70  students, 
20  seh.  70lJ  scholars.     Pop.  5,482. 

Germastown,  p-v.,  Hyde  co.,  N.  C,  185  e. 
Raleigh,  371  W.  Situated  at  the  mouth  of  Tar 
r.,  on  a  hranch  of  Pamlico  sound. 

Germantown,  p-v.,  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  219 
W.  s.  w.  Nashville,  902  W. 

Germantown,  p-v.,  Marion  co.,  la.,  16  n.  e. 


TOWN,    p- 

is,  573  W 


Indianapoli  , 

Germantown,  p-v.,  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  71  e.  n. 
e.  Frankfort,  479  W. 

Germantown,  p-v.,  German  t.,  Montgomery 
co.,  O.,  82  w.  Columbus,  475  W.  Situated  on  a 
beautiful  valley,  near  the  junction  of  Big  and 
Little  Twin  creeks,  and  surrounded  on  the  n.  and 
e.  by  hills.  It  was  settled  from  Pa.,  by  descend- 
ants of  Germans,  and  contains  4  churches,  14 
stores,  2  tanneries,  1  brewery,  1  printing  office, 
150  dwellings,  and  about  1,200  inhabitants. 
There  are  many  mills  in  the  vicinity. 

Germanville,  p-v.,  Edgefield  dist.,  S.  C,  32 
w.  Columbia,  536  W. 

Germany,  t.,  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  10  s.  e.  Gettys- 
burg. The  surface  is  level;  soil,  calcareous 
loam  and  gravel.  Drained  by  Piney  cr.  on  the 
s.,  and  the  head  waters  of  Connewago  cr.  on  the 
N.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $26,000 ;  1  lumber  yard, 
cap.  $1,000  ;  3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  brewery, 
3  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $15,950.  12  sch.  475  scholars.  Pop. 
1,553. 

Gerry,  p-t.,  Chautauque  co.,  N.  Y.,  330  w. 
Albany,  330  W.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
the  soil  gravelly  loam,  well  cultivated.  Drained 
by  Cassadaga  cr.  and  its  tributaries.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $2,000  ;  2  tanneries,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $12,500.  8  sch.  417  scholars.  Pop.  1,288. 
Gettysburg!!,  p-b.,  capital,  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  35 
E.  N.  e.  Harrisburg,  75  W.  It  is  situated  at  the 
point  where  the  roads  from  Philadelphia  and 
Baltimore  to  Pittsburgh  unite.  It  is  on  elevated 
ground,  and  surrounded  by  a  fine  country.  The 
Theological  Seminary  of  the  Lutheran  Church 
was  established  here  in  1826.  It  has  3  profess- 
ors, 26  students,  130  have  completed  their  edu- 
cation, and  it  has  7,000  volumes  in  its  libraries. 
The  public  buildings  are  a  court  house,  jail, 
county  offices,  an  academy,  a  bank,  6  churches — 
1  Presbyterian,  1  Methodist,  2  German  Lutheran, 
1  Roman  Catholic,  and  one  Independent.  3 
weekly  newspapers,  1  of  which  is  in  German. 
It  manufactures  carriages  extensively.  The  place 
is  supplied  by  water  in  pipes  from  a  neighboring 
spring.  The  Baltimore  and  Ohio  railroad  will 
come  within  a  little  over  8  ms.  of  the  place,  and 
it  is  designed  to  meet  it  by  a  railroad  from  this 
place.  The  t.  has  9  stores,  cap.  $66,500  ;  1  fur- 
nace, 2  tanneries,  1  brewery,  1  foundry,  1  pot- 
tery, 4  printing  offices,  3  weekly  newspapers,  1 
Eeriodical.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $32,900.  2  col- 
;ges,  190  students,  1  acad.  42  students,  8  sch.  330 
scholars.     Pop.  1,908. 

Gettysburgh,  p-v.,  Preble  co.,  O.,  102  w. 
Columbus,  495  W. 

GHENT,p-t.,  Columbia  co.,  N.  Y.,  27  s.  Albany, 
351  W.  The  surface  is  somewhat  broken ;  soil, 
gravelly  loam,  and  well  cultivated.  Drained  by 
Claverack  creek.  The  v.  contains  1  Dutch  Re- 
formed church,  1  store,  20  dwellings,  and  about 
100  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  2  stores,  cap. 
$3,500  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  3  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,500.  1  acad.  33 
students,  9  sch.  519  scholars.     Pop.  2,558. 

Ghent,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  Ky.,  59  N.  Frankfort, 
543  W.    Situated  on  s.  side  of  Ohio  r.    Pop.  300. 
Gholson,  p-v.,  Noxubee  co.,  Miss.,  113  n.  e. 
Jackson,  901  W. 


237 GIL 

Gholsonville,  p-v.,  Brunswick  co.,  Va.,  85 
s.  Richmond,  201  W.  Situated  on  the  N.  bank 
of  Meherin  r. 

Gibbon's  Tavern,  p-o.,  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  92 
E.  s.  E.  Harrisburg,  126  W. 

Gibraltar,  p-v.,  Brownetown  t.,  Wayne  co., 
Mich.,  31  s.  Detroit,  510  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
bank  of  Detroit  r.,  at  its  entrance  into  Lake  Erie. 
It  has  a  good  harbor,  with  an  extensive  wharf, 
and  a  light-house.  It  contains  2  stores  and  a 
large  warehouse.  The  Gibraltar  and  Clinton 
canal,  a  few  miles  of  which  are  completed,  af- 
fords, by  its  waste  water,  a  good  water  power. 

Gibson,  county;  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  660  square  miles. 
Drained  by  branches  of  Obion  and  Forked  Deer 
creeks.  1  he  surface  is  undulating ;  soil,  fertile. 
Capital,  Trenton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 12,775,  sheep  8,830,  swine  55,128;  wheat 
62,839  bushels  produced,  rye  2,630,  Indian  corn 
634,595,  oats  34,566,  potatoes  21,797,  tobacco 
414,595  pounds,  cotton  239,044;  14  stores,  cap. 
$100,000;  6  tanneries,  8  distilleries,  15  grist  m., 
8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,700.  1  acad.  20 
students,  24  schools,  520  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
10,612,  slaves  2,969,  free  colored  108  ;  total, 
13,689. 

Gibson,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  s.  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  450  sq.  ms.  Surface, 
undulating.  White  river  runs  on  its  n.  border. 
Drained  by  Patoka  and  Big  Pigeon  creeks.  Or- 
ganized in  1813.  Capital,  Princeton.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,409,  sheep  8,945, 
swine  28,245;  wheat  62,611  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  490,962,  oats  73,620,  potatoes  9,940,  tobacco 
6,690  pounds,  sugar  12,365;  23  stores,  capital 
$27,560 ;  4  tanneries,  5  flouring  m.,  10  grist  m.,  8 
saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $26,170.  1 
acad.  20  students,  17  sch.  486  scholars.  Pop. 
8,977. 

Gibson,  p-t.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  177  n.  n. 
e.  Harrisburg,  231  W.  The  surface  is  hilly; 
soil,  clay  and  gravel.  Watered  by  Tunkhannock 
and  Lackawannoc  creeks.  It  has  5  stores,  cap. 
$31,500;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  4 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,745.  9  sch.  235 
scholars.    Pop.  1,219. 

Gibson,  t.,  Washington  co.,  la.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $2,000;  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  1  sch.  30 
scholars.    Pop.  733. 

Gibson,  t.,  Gasconade  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  808. 

Gibson ville,  p-o.,  Leicester  t.,  Livingston  co., 
N.Y. 

Gilbertsborough,  p-o.,  Limestone  co.,  Ala., 
170  n.  Tuscaloosa,  749  W. 

Gilbertsville,  p-v.,  Butternuts  t.,  Otsego 
co.,  N.  Y.,  95  w.  Albany,  335  W.  It  contains  4 
churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist, 
and  1  Methodist — an  academy,  5  stores,  1  oil  m., 
and  1  tannery,  150  dwellings,  and  about  250  in- 
habitants. 

Gilboa,  p-v.,  Broome  t.,  Schoharie  co.,  N.  Y., 
51  w.  Albany,  367  W.  Situated  on  Schoharie 
cr.  It  contains  1  church,  3  stores,  1  woollen  fac, 
1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  furnace,  2  tanneries,  35 
dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Gilead,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  71  w.  Augusta 
602  W.  Situated  on  both  sides  of  Androscoggin 
r.,  between  two  mountains.  Much  of  the  surface 
is  rough,  and  fit  only  for  grazing ;  but  the  soil  on 
the  river  is  well  adapted  to  cultivation.  Incor- 
porated in  1804.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  1  sch.  34  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  313.  ,        „     / 

Gilead,  p-v.,  Hebron  t.,  Tolland  co.,  Ct.,  21  e. 
s.  e.  Hartford,  349  W.  It  has  a  handsome  Gothic 
Episcopal  and  a  Congregational  church,  and  com- 
mands a  fine  prospect. 


GIL 


238 


GLA 


GlLEAD,  t., 

cap.  $12,000 ; 


Marion  co.,  O.  It  has  5  stores, 
6  sch.  250  scholars.  Pop.  1,150. 
s*d,  p-v.,  Weston  t.,  Wood  co.,  O.,  136  n. 
N  w  Columbus,  474  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  E. 
bank"  of  Maumee  r.,  where  a  great  water  power 
can  be  easily  obtained.  Small  steamboats  navi- 
gate the  r.  above  this  place,  as  far  as  Fort  Wayne, 
but  below,  to  Perrysburg,  it  is  not  navigable.  It 
has  several  stores,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Gilead,  p-t.,  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  128  w.  s.  w. 
Detroit,  577  W.  It  is  a  fertile  township,  produc- 
ing grain  and  cattle,  and  has  1  saw  m.,  2  sch.  25 
scholars.     Pop.  214. 

Gilead,  p-v.,  Calhoun  county,  111., ,  Kb  s.  w. 
Springfield,  855  W.  Situated  at  the  foot  of  the 
bluffs,  three  fourths  of  a  mile  from  Salt  Prairie 

8  Giles,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  w.  part  of 
the  state,  and  contains  935  sq.  ms.  The  surlace 
is  mountainous,  and  its  mean  elevation  1,600  feet 
above  the  ocean.  Organized  in  1806.  The  soil 
is  barren  and  rocky  on  the  high  grounds,  but  fer- 
tile in  the  valleys  and  on  the  streams.  Watered 
by  New  r.  It  has  White  Sulphur  Springs,  which 
are  much  celebrated,  situated  on  the  bank  of  New 
r.  Capital,  Parisburg.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  7,023,  sheep  10,217,  swine  13,189  ;  wheat 
45,413  bush,  produced,  rye  35,463,  Indian  corn 
163,052,  buckwheat  6,221,  oats  69,036,  potatoes 
16,764,  tobacco  13,430  pounds,  sugar  21,433 ;  8 
stores,  cap.  $34,200 ;  1  forge,  6  tanneries,  34  dis- 
tilleries, 2  powder  m.,  2  flouring  m.,  30  grist  m., 

18  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $32,784.  1 
acad.  30  students,  9  schools,  193  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  4,684,  slaves  574,  free  colored  49 ;  total, 
5,307. 

Giles,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  600  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Richland  and  other  branches  of  Elk  cr.  The 
surface  is  moderately  uneven  ;  soil,  fertile.  Cap- 
ital, Pulaski.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
18,560,  sheep  13,980,  swine  108,473?  wheat  92,244 
bush,  produced,  rye  7,461,  Ind.  corn  1,453,243, 
oats  97,049,  potatoes  24,198,  tobacco  19,528 
pounds,  cotton  2,446,928 ;  21  stores,  cap.  $133,110 ; 
1  cotton  fac.  160  sp.,  9  tanneries,  58  distilleries,  1 
powder  m.,  1  rope  fac,  2  flouring  m.,  35  grist  m., 

19  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspa- 
pers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $19,100.  4  acad.  165 
students,  20  schools,  589  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
14,425,  slaves  7,030,  free  col'd  39 ;  total,  21,494. 

Giles,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  Giles  co.,  Va.,  now  called 
Parisburg,  240  w.  by  s.  Richmond,  293  W.  Sit- 
uated on  the  s.  bank  of  New  r.,  just  above  the 
gap,  where  it  passes  through  Peters  Mountain, 
the  w.  branch  of  the  Alleghany  chain.  See  Pa- 
risburg. 

Gilford,  p-t,  capital  of  Belknap  co.,  N.  H.,  38 
N.  Concord,  509  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of 
Winnipiseogee  lake,  which  bounds  it  on  the  N. 
E.  and  n.  w.  Suncook  mountain  lies  in  the  s.  E. 
part  of  the  t  Drained  by  Miles'  r.  and  the  head 
branches  of  Suncook  r.  The  soil  is  generally 
fertile.  Incorporated  in  1812,  when  it  was  sepa- 
rated from  Gilmanton.  It  has  5  stores,  capital 
$11,300  ;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $14,550.  13  sch.  666  scholars.  Pop. 
2,072. 

Gilford  Village,  p-v.,  Gilford  t,  Belknap 
co.,  N.  H.,  33  n.  Concord,  514  W.  Pleasantly 
situated  on  the  outlet  of  Winnipiseogee  lake  into 
Great  Bay. 

Gill,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  98  w.  by  N. 
Boston,  410  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Connecticut  r.  Organized  in  1793,  from  Green- 
field. It  has  excellent  interval  land  on  a  bend 
in  Connecticut  r.    Fall  r.  divides  it  from  Green- 


field. It  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,000 ;  1  tannery,  3 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,990.  6 
sch.  217  scholars.    Pop.  798. 

GlLLESPIEVILLE,  p-O.,  ROSS   CO.,  O.,    60  S.  Co- 

lumbus,  385  W. 

Gilliams,  p-o.,  Baker  co.,  Ga.,  45  s.  s.  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  802  W. 
Gillisonsville,  p-o.,  Beaufort  dist.,  S.  C. 
Gills  Mills,  p-o.,  Bath  co.,  Ky.,  87  e.  Frank- 
fort, 509  W. 

Gill's  Store,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  84  s. 
Nashville,  707  W. 

Gillsville,  p-o.,  Hall  co.,  Ga.,  131  n.  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  630  W. 

Gillman's,  p-o.,  Sumner  co.,  Tenn.,  45  n.  e. 
Nashville,  686  W. 

Gilman,  p-t.,  Hamilton  co.,  N.  Y.,  68  n.  n.  w. 
Albany.  The  surface  is  diversified,  and  most  of 
it  is  a  wilderness.  It  contains  several  small  lakes, 
and  is  mountainous  in  its  n.  part.  It  has  1  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,500.  21  scho- 
lars in  sch.    Pop.  98. 

Gilmanton,  p-t.,  Belknap  co.,  N.  H.,  20  n.  by 
e.  Concord,  501  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
rough,  and  the  soil,  though  hard,  is  fertile.  Wa- 
tered by  Suncook  and  Soucook  rivers.  First  set- 
tled in  1761.  It  has  a  well  endowed  and  flourish- 
ing academy,  with  which  the  "Gilmantown  The- 
ological Seminary"  is  connected.  This  seminary 
was  founded  in  1835 ;  has  3  professors,  26  stu- 
dents, 21  have  completed  their  education,  and  it 
has  2,200  vols,  in  its  libraries.  There  are  in  the 
t.,  12  stores,  cap.  $22,000 ;  1  cotton  fac.  1,000  sp., 
4  tanneries,  1  printing  office,  7  grist  m.,  11  saw  m., 
1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $59,900.  1  college, 
26  students,  1  acad.  293  students,  28  sch.  1,035 
scholars.    Pop.  3,485. ' 

Gilmanton  Iron  Works,  p-v.,  Gilmanton  t, 
Belknap  co.,  N.  H.,  23  n.  Concord,  504  W. 

Gilmer,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  680  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Coosawatee  and  Aquokee  rivers  and  their 
branches.  Capital,  Ellijay.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  3,402,  sheep  1,044,  swine  8,149  ;  wheat 
4,379  bush,  prod.,  Ind.  corn  97,569,  oats  4,940,  po- 
tatoes 3,885,  tobacco  5,648  pounds,  cotton  10,584 ; 
1  store,  capital  $2,000 ;  2  sch.  70  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  2,441,  slaves  92,  free  col'd  3  ;  total,  2,536. 
Gilsum,  p-t.,  Cheshire  co.,  N.  H,  56  w.  s.  w. 
Concord,  444  W.  Situated  about  10  e.  Connec- 
ticut r.  The  soil,  in  some  parts,  is  fertile.  Wa- 
tered by  Ashuelot  r.  which  affords  water  power. 
Chartered  in  1763.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $2,300  ; 
3  woollen  fac,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $30,973.  8  sch.  218  scholars.  Population, 
656. 

Ginseng,  p-o.,  Logan  co.,  Va.,  326  w.  n.  w. 
Richmond,  363  W. 

Girard,  p-t,  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  110  w.  s.  w. 
Detroit,  570  W.  It  has  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $1,500.     4  sch.  63  scholars.     Pop.  452. 

Girard,  p-v.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  173  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 294  W. 

Girard,  p-t,  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  264  n.  w.  Hams- 
burg,  337  W.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $29,200 ;  2 
fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $3,200  ;  14  sch.  668  scholars.  Pop. 
2,660. 

Girl's  Flats,  p-o.,  Tioga  t,  Tioga  co.,  N.  Y., 
185  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  281 W. 

Gladdens  Grove,  p-o.,  Fairfield  dist.,  fc.  U, 
43  n.  Columbia,  464  W. 

Glades  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Putnam  co.,  Ga., 
31  n.  w.  Milledgeville,  617  W. 
Glade  Hill,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Va. 
Glade  Run,  p-o.,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  184  w. 
n.  w.  Harrisburg,  237  W. 


GLE 


239 


GLO 


Glade  Mills,  p-o.,  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  212  w.  N.l 
w.  Harrisburg,  219  W. 

Glade  Spring,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Va.,292 
w.  s.  w.  Richmond,  360  W. 

Glade  Valley,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  203 
w.  N.  w.  Annapolis,  160  W. 

Gladwin,  county,  Mich.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  576  sq.  ms.  Wa- 
tered by  Tittibawassee  r.    Unorganized. 

Glady  Creek,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  Va.,  228  n. 
w.  Richmond,  254  W. 

Glasco,  p-v.,  Saugerties  t.,  Ulster  co.,  N.  Y., 
48  s.  Albany,  328  W  Situated  on  the  w.  side 
of  Hudson  river.  It  has  a  convenient  landing,  3 
stores,  extensive  brick  yards,  and  about  50  dwell- 
ings. 

Glasgow,  p-v.,  New  Castle  co.,  Del.  Situated 
on  Christiana  cr.,  near  its  source. 

Glasgow,  p-o.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.,  153  n.  e. 
Columbus,  276  W. 

Glasgow,  p-v.,  capital  of  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  123 
s.  w.  Frankfort,  646  W.  Situated  a  little  e.  of 
Beaver  branch  of  Green  r. 

Glasgow,  p-v.,  Howard  co.,  Mo.,  73  n.  w.  Jef- 
ferson city,  978  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  bank  of 
the  Missouri  r. 

Glassborough,  p-v.,  Franklin  t,  Gloucester 
co.,  N.  J.,  47  s.  by  w.  Trenton,  158  W.  It  con- 
tains an  Episcopal  and  a  Methodist  church,  2 
stores,  2  glass  fac,  and  about  35  dwellings. 

Glastenbury,  p-t.,  Hartford  co.,  Ct.,  6  s.  by 
E.  Hartford,  338  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  side  of 
Connecticut  r.  On  the  r.  the  soil  is  very  fertile ; 
to  the  E.  it  is  rough,  but  productive.  Roaring 
brook  affords  water  power.  It  has  7  stores,  cap. 
$18,500  ;  3  fulling  m.,  4  woollen  fac,  2  cotton  fac. 
5,360  sp.,  3  forges,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  6  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $214,400 ;  1  acad.  20  stu- 
dents, 15  sch.  578  scholars.    Pop.  3,077. 

Glastenbury,  t.,  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  9  n.  e. 
Bennington.  Chartered  in  1761.  It  is  a  rough 
mountain  town,  almost  incapable  of  cultivation. 
It  has  2  sch.  20  scholars.     Pop.  53. 

Glaze,  t.,  Miller  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  380. 

Glenatta,  p-o.,  Marion  co.,  Ga.,  146  s.  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  779  W. 

Glen  Brook,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Tenn.,  195  e. 
s.  e.  Nashville,  558  W. 

Glenbrook,  p-o.,  Hart  county,  Ky.,  109  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  626  W. 

Glenburn,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  77  n.  e. 
Augusta,  672  W.  It  is  situated  on  both  sides  of 
Kenduskeag  stream,  at  the  great  bend,  and  has  a 
good  soil,  adapted  to  grain.  It  has  water  power, 
which  has  not  been  much  improved.  It  has  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000.  9  sch.  271 
scholars.     Pop.  664. 

Glen  Cove,  p-v.,  Oysterbay  t.,  Queens  co., 
N.  Y.,  176  s.  by  e.  Albany.  Situated  at  the 
head  of  a  cove  of  the  same  name,  on  the  E.  side 
of  Hempstead  harbor.  It  contains  an  Episcopal 
church,  an  academy,  several  stores,  and  a  grist 
m.  A  steamboat  generally  plies  between  it  and 
New  York,  and  it  is  much  resorted  to  during  the 
summer  months. 

Glenfinlas,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Mo.,  122  E. 
Jefferson  city,  862  W. 

Glenham,  p-v.,  Fishkill  t.,  Dutchess  co.,  N.  Y., 
88  s.  Albany,  289  W.  This  flourishing  manufac- 
turing village  is  situated  on  Fishkill  cr.,  3  ms.  e. 
of  its  entrance  into  Hudson  r.  It  contains  2 
churches,  2  stores,  a  woollen  fac,  which  con- 
sumes 200,000  pounds  of  wool  annually,  produ- 
cing broadcloths  and  cassimeres  of  the  finest  qual- 
ity, employing  100  workmen  ;  60  dwellings,  and 
about  500  inhabitants. 

Glenn,  p-t.,  Montgomery  co.,  N.  Y.,  43  w.  n. 


w.  Albany,  403  W.  The  surface  is  hilly;  soil, 
loam,  mixed  with  clay.  Drained  by  Schoharie 
cr.,  a  tributary  of  the  Mohawk,  which  litter  runs 
on  its  n.  border.  The  Erie  ennui  p:is>t'*  through 
the  t.  It  has  10  stores,  cap.  $43,000;  1  lulling 
m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac  $2,500.  10  sch.  310  scholars.  Pop. 
3,678. 

Glenn  Connel,  p-o.,  Cambria  co.,  Pa. 

Glenn's,  p-o.,  Gloucester  co.,  Va.,  87  e.  Rich- 
mond, 155  W. 

Glenn's  Falls,  p-v.,  Queensbury  t.,  Warren 
co.,  N.  Y.,  54  n.  Albany,  427  W.  Situated  on 
the  n.  side  of  Hudson  r.  Incorporated  in  1839. 
It  contains  3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Bai>- 
tist,  and  1  Methodist — an  academy,  a  female 
seminary,  30  stores,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  3  of 
which  have  25  saws  each,  4  marble  mills,  with 
275  saws,  1  plaster  m.,  1  furnace,  3  machine 
shops,  1  marble  fac,  2  tanneries,  225  dwellings, 
and  about  1,800  inhabitants.  The  finest  black 
marble  is  found  here.  The  falls  on  the  Hudson 
at  this  place  have  a  total  descent  of  50  feet,  af- 
fording much  picturesque  scenery,  and  very 
extensive  water  power.  A  bridge,  500  feet  long, 
crosses  Hudson  r.  at  the  falls.  The  feeder  of  the 
Champlain  canal  leaves  the  r.  2  ms.  above,  and 
unites  with  the  canal  a  few  ms.  e.,  and  affords  a 
navigable  communication  with  the  canal  and  its 
connected  waters. 

Glenn  Springs,  p-o.,  Spartanburg  dist.,  S.  C, 
86  n.  w.  Columbia,  480  W. 

Glennville,  p-t.,  Schenectady  co.,  N.  Y.,  4 
w.  Schenectady,  30  w.  Albany,  470  W.  Sur- 
face is  uneven,  and  the  soil  a  sandy  loam.  The 
Mohawk  r.  runs  on  its  s.  border,  and  Aelplass  cr. 
through  its  e.  part,  where  it  enters  the  Mohawk 
r.  The  v.  has  1  church,  1  store,  and  12  or  15 
dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  5  stores,  capital 
$8,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery, 
2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,200. 

10  sch.  398  scholars.    Pop.  3,068. 

Glen  Wild,  p-o.,  Thompson  t.,  Sullivan  co., 
N.  Y.,  102  s.  w.  Albany,  304  W. 

Globe,  jp-o.,  Caldwell  co.,  N.  C,  220  w.  Ra- 
leigh, 408  W. 

Gloucester,  county,  N.  J.,  in  the  s.  w.  part 
of  the  state,  has  Delaware  r.  on  its  n.  w.  bound- 
ary. It  contains  580  sq.  miles.  The  lands  along 
the  Delaware  are  highly  cultivated,  producing 
excellent  fruit  and  vegetables.  Back  of  this  the 
soil  is  sandy,  and  covered  with  pine,  which  fur- 
nishes much  timber  and  wood  for  exportation. 
Drained  by  Cooper's,  Big  Timber,  Mantua,  and 
Racoon  creeks,  and  the  head  branches  of  Great 
Egg  Harbor  r.  Capital,  Woodbury.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,484,  sheep  9,335,  swine 
24,311 ;  wheat  34,175  bush,  produced,  rye  97,305, 
Ind.  com  344,555,  buckwheat  26,571,  oats  92,950, 
hops  777  pounds;  93  stores,  cap.  $186,460;  3 
lumber  yards,  cap.  $21,000 ;  3  fulling  m.,  5  wool- 
len fac,  1  cotton  fac,  4  tanneries,  5  distilleries, 

11  glass  fac,  1  pottery,  2  flouring  m.,  21  grist  m., 
53  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  4  printing  offices,  1  periodi- 
cal, 4  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$692,077.  6  acad.  395  students,  68  sch.  4,256 
scholars.    Pop.  25,438. 

Gloucester,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  E. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  280  sq.  ms.  Or- 
ganized in  1652.  It  has  York  r.  on  its  s.  w.  bor- 
der. Capital,  Gloucester  C.  H.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  7,778,  sheep  4,914,  swine  14,162, 
wheat  56,325  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  306,j64, 
barley  2,748,  oats  61,775,  potatoes  12,76/,  cotton 
8,439  pounds  ;  20  stores,  cap.  $86,600 ;  3  tanner- 
ies, 17  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$27,710.    4  acad.  98  students.  10  sch.  216  schol- 


GLY 


240 


GOL 


free  col'd 


arsr_P^pT^hite8  4,412,  slaves  5,791 

61gU°u?kster,  p-t.,  and  port  of  entry,  Essex  co., 
Mass  30  n.  e.  Boston,  470  W.  Incorporated  m 
1639  '  It  has  a  fine  harbor,  open  at  all  seasons 
of  the  year,  and  its  inhabitants  are  extensively 
engaged  in  navigation  and  the  fisheries,  lon- 
naie  of  the  district  1840,  17,072.  The  harbor  » 
on  the  s.  side  of  the  peninsula,  and  on  1  hatcher  s 
island,  on  the  s.  E.,  are  2  light-houses.  A  canal 
is  cut  across  the  isthmus  winch  connects  the 
cape  with  the  main  land.  The  almost  insular 
situation  of  this  place  makes  it  a  pleasant  resort 
in  the  summer  season.  It  has  4  commercial 
houses,  cap.  $107,000;  32  stores,  cap.  $57,77o  ; 
2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $23,000  ;  1  printing  office,  1 
weekly  and  1  semi- weekly  newspapers,  4  gnst 
m  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $52,495.  1  acad. 
46'students,  26  sch.  1,238  scholars.  Pop.  6,350. 
(See  Rockport.) 

Gloucester,  t.,  Providence  co.,  R.  I.,  16  w.  s. 
w  Providence,  50  e.  by  n.  Hartford,  Ct.  First 
settled  in  1700.  Incorporated  in  1730.  The  sur- 
face is  uneven  and  rough ;  the  soil  is  well  adapted 
to  grazing.  Watered  by  Chepatchet  r.,  which 
affords  good  water  power,  and  on  which  is  the 
flourishing  manufacturing  village  of  Chepatchet. 
There  are  in  the  t.  11  stores,  cap.  $20,300 ;  2  cot- 
ton fac.  1,668  sp.,  1  tannery,  4  grist  m.,  12  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $43,600.  24  sch.  596  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  2,304. 

Gloucester,  t,  Gloucester  co.,  N.  J.,  10  s.  e. 
Woodbury.  The  surface  is  level,  and  the  soil 
sand,  more  or  less  mixed  with  loam.  The  n.  part 
produces  vegetables  and  fruit,  and  the  s.  part 
consists  chiefly  of  pine  forest.  Drained  by  Coop- 
er's and  Big  Timber  creeks.  It  has  13  stores, 
cap.  $18,400 ;  2  tanneries,  4  glass  fac,  2  flouring 
m.,  3  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$77,650.     10  sch.  298  scholars.     Pop.  2,837. 

Gloucester,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Gloucester 
co.,  Va.,  85  e.  Richmond,  170  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  clerk's  office,  an  academy  for 
males,  and  another  for  females,  4  stores,  and  126 
inhabitants.  There  are  8  churches  within  the 
circumference  of  14  miles  round  the  court  house, 
2  Episcopal,  2  Baptist,  and  4  Methodist. 

Gloucester  I  urnace,  p-v.,  Mullica  t.,  Atlan- 
tic co.,  N.  J.,  74  s.  Trenton,  184  W.  It  contains 
a  store,  1  large  furnace,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and 
300  inhabitants.  The  furnace  produces  800  tons 
annually,  chiefly  of  castings. 

Glover,  p-t.,  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  39  N.  N.  E. 
The  surfoce  is  hilly,  and  the 


2,322,000,  sugar  22,000 ;  9  stores,  cap.  $45,000  ;  1 
grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $42,050.  1 
acad.  40  students.  Pop.  whites  891,  slaves  4,409, 
free  col'd  2  ;  total,  5,302. 

Gnadenhutton,  p-v.,  Clay  t.,  Tuscarawas  co., 
O.,  105  E.  n.  e.  Columbus,  312  W.  Situated  on 
the  E.  bank  of  Tuscarawas  r.  Originally  settled 
by  Moravians.  The  Erie  and  Ohio  canal  is  about 
a  mile  w.  of  the  v.,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
river.  It  contains  1  Moravian  church,  2  stores,  1 
steam  saw  m.,  and  about  25  dwellings. 

Goat  Island,  or  Iris  island,  N.  Y.  Situated 
in  Niagara  r.,  at  the  great  falls,  dividing  the  wa 


ters  which  descend  over  this  mighty  cataract.  It 
contains  about  75  acres,  and  is  1  mile  in  circum- 
ference, mostly  covered  with  forest.  (See  Niagara 
Falls.) 

Goblentown,  p-v.,  Patrick  co.,  Va.,  208  w.  s. 
w.  Richmond,  283  W. 

Goddard,  p-o.,  Rush  co.,  la.,  45  e.  s.  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 543  W. 

Godfrey,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  111.,  86  s.  Spring- 
field, 812  W. 

Goff's  Corners,  p-o.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me., 
32  s.  w.  Augusta,  576  W. 

Goff's  Mills,  p-o.,  Howard  t.,  Steuben  co., 
N.  Y.,  228  w.  by  s.  Albany,  308  W. 

Goffstown,  p-t.,  Hillsborough  co.,  N.  H.,  16 
s.  Concord,  468  W.  The  surface  is  generally 
level,  with  a  few  elevations  ;  and  the  soil  fertile, 
and  easily  cultivated.  Drained  by  Piscataquoag  r., 
which  affords  water  power,  and  a  tributary  of  the 
Merrimac,  which  runs  on  its  e.  border.  Amos- 
keag  falls,  in  the  Merrimac,  are  opposite  to  this 
town,  where  the  r.  descends  48  feet  3  inches  in 
half  a  mile,  around  which  is  a  canal.  It  has  8 
stores,  cap.  $22,050;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
3  cotton  fac.  6,000  sp.,  3  tanneries,  3  gnst  m.,  9 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $119,515.  1  acad.  45 
students,  11  sch.  815  scholars.     Pop.  2,376. 

Golandsville,  p-o..  Caroline  co.,  Va.,  33  n. 
Richmond,  90  W.  It  has  a  pleasant  and  healthful 
situation,  and  contains  1  store,  1  tannery,  1  flour- 
ing m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  several  mechanic 
shops,  and  about  85  inhabitants.  There  are  2 
mineral  springs  in  the  neighborhood. 

Golconda,  p-v.,  capital,  Pope  co.,  111.,  215  s.  s. 
e.  Springfield,  796  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side 
of  Lusk  cr.,on  the  n.  bank  of  Ohio  r.  It  contains  a 
brick  court  house,  4  stores,  and  about  25  dwellings. 
Golden,  p-o.,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  44  n.  Annap- 
olis, 54  W. 

Golden  Hill,  p-o.,  Dorchester  co.,  Md. 
Golden  Grove,  p-o.,  Greenville  dist.,  S.  C, 
121  w.  n.  w.  Columbia,  516  W. 

Golden's  Bridge,  p-o.,  Lewisboro'  t,  West- 
chester co.,  N.  Y.,  120  s.  by  e.  Albany,  278  W. 

Golden  Springs,  p-o.,  Anderson  dist.,  S.  C, 
131  w.  N.  w.  Columbia,  527  W. 

Golden  Valley,  p-o.,  Rutherford  co.,  N.  C, 
217  w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  447  W. 

Gold  Hill,  p-o.,  Meriwether  co.,  Ga.,  116  w. 
Milledgeville,734W. 

Gold  Hill,  p-o.,  Chambers  co.,  Ala.,  159  e.  s. 
e.  Tuscaloosa,  780  W. 

Gold  Mine,  p-o.,  Chesterfield  dist.,  S.  C,  9 J 
n.  e.  Columbia,  458  W.  M      ni 

Goldsborough,  p-t.,  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  Ill  e. 
Augusta,  693  W.  Incorporated  in  1789.  It  con- 
sists chiefly  of  a  peninsula,  with  the  Atlantic 
ocean  on  the  s.,  Goldsborough  bay  on  the  e.,  and 
Frenchman's  bay  on  the  w.  It  is  finely  situated 
1  for  navigation,  having  Prospect  harbor,  which  is 
Capital,  Brunswick,  spacious  and  easy  of  access,  in  its  s.  e.  part.  It 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,320,  sheep  692,  has  other  good  harbors.  It  contains  3  stores,  cap. 
swine  1,980;  Ind.  corn  40,520  bush,  produced,  $4,700 ;  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  m 
potatoes  39,410,  rice  1,937,200   pounds,  cotton  I  manufac  $40,210.  10  sch.  227  scholars.  Pop.  1,198 


Montpelier,550W. 

soil  adapted  chiefly  to  grazing.  Watered  by  the 
head  branches  of  Barton's,  Pasumpsic,  Lamoille, 
and  Black  rivers.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,000 ;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  3  grist  m.,  6  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,200.  10  sch.  232  scholars. 
Pop.  1,119. 

Gloversville,  p-v.,  Johnstown  t.,  Fulton  co., 
N.  Y.,  40  n.  w.  Albany,  413  W.  It  contains  2 
churches,  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  50  dwell- 
ings, and  about  350  inhabitants.  Buckskin  gloves, 
mittens,  and  moccasins,  are  extensively  manufac- 
tured here. 

Glynn,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  s.  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  625  sq.  ms.  Altamaha 
r.  runs  on  its  n.  e.  border,  and  Scilla  r.  runs  on 
its  s.  border.  Watered  by  Turtle  r.  and  Buf- 
falo creek,  its  main  tributary.  It  has  the  At- 
lantic e.,  and  St.  Simon's  and  Jykill  islands  on 
its  coast.  The  surface  is  level,  and  some  of  it 
too  low  for    cultivation 


GOR 


241 


GOS 


101    E. 


Goldsborough,  p-v.,  Wayne  co.,  N.  C,  51  s 
K.  Raleigh,  231  W. 

Goochland,  county,  Va.  Central  in  the  k 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  300  sq.  ms.  James 
r.  runs  on  its  s.  border.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  in  some  places  broken;  the  soil  is 
various,  and  much  of  it  exhausted,  though  natu- 
rally good.  Drained  by  Tuckahoe  cr.,  Dover  cr., 
Byrd  cr.,  and  other  small  streams,  several  of 
which  afford  water  power.  Coal,  of  an  excellent 
quality,  and  also  gold,  have  been  found  in  the  co., 
Capital,  Goochland  C.  H.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  5,727,  sheep  5,364,  swine  11,377; 
wheat  J9,6 17  bush,  produced,  Ind.  com  259,030,' 
oats  170,023,  potatoes  10,326,  bituminous  coal 
433,000,  tobacco  4,501,695  pounds,  cotton  4,689; 
value  of  gold  produced  $1,800;  22  stores,  cap. 
$30,300  ;  4  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  2  flouring  m., 
22  grist  m.,  14  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,470. 
9  sch.  139  scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,570,  slaves 
5,500,  free  col'd  690  ;  total  9,760. 

Goochland,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Goochland 
co.,  Va.,  30  w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  130  W.  Situa- 
ted 1  mile  north  of  James  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  a  store,  and  several  dwellings. 

Gooch's  Mills,  p-o.,  Cooper  co.,  Mo.,  42  n.  w. 
Jefferson  city,  963  W. 

Goodall's,  p-o.,  Hanover  co.,  Va.,  18  n.  Rich- 
mond, 117  W. 

Goodbar's,  p-o.,  Overton  co.,  Tenn., 
Nashville,  613  W 

Good  Ground,  p-v.,  Southampton  t.,  Suffolk 
co.,  N.  Y.,  242  s.  e.  Albany,  322  W.  It  contains 
1  Methodist  church,  and  6  or  8  dwellings, 

Good  Hope,  t.,  Hocking  co.,  O.  It  contains  2 
paper  mills.     Pop.  469. 

Good  Hope,  p-o.,  Walton  co.,  Ga.,  75  n.  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  629  W. 

Good  Hope,  p-o.,  Noble  co.,  la.,  149  n.  n.  e. 
Indianapolis,  538  W. 

Good  Intent,  p-o.,  Gloucester  co.,  N.  J.,  41  s 
w.  Trenton,  151  W. 

Good  Intent,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  231 
w.  Harrisburg,  249  W. 

Good  Luck,  p-o.,  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  43 
s.  w.  Annapolis,  15  W. 

Good  Spring,  p-o.,  Williamson  co.,  Tenn..  13 
s.  Nashville,  697  W. 

Goodwin's  Mills,  York  co.,  Me.,  73  s  w 
Augusta,  524  W. 

Goodwvnsville,  p-o.,  Dinwiddie  co.,  Va.,  46 
s.  Richmond,  165  W. 

Goose  Creek,  p-o.,  Smith  co.,  Tenn.,  56  e. 
Nashville,  653  W. 

Goose,  cr.,  Va.,  a  branch  of  Roanoke  r.,  rises 
in  the  Blue  Ridge,  5  s.  w.  of  the  Peaks  of  Otter, 
and  after  a  course  of  over  30  ms.,  enters  the 
Roanoke,  in  Campbell  co. 

Goose  Pond,  p-o.,  Oglethorpe  co.,  Ga.,  101  n. 
Milledgeville,  593  W.         77T  . 

Goose  River,  p-o.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  44  e.  Au- 
gusta, 630  W. 

Gordonsville,  p-v.,  Orange  co.,  Va.,  74  n.  w 
Richmond,  104  W.  Situated  at  the  e.  foot  of  s. 
w.  mountain,  on  the  sources  of  North  Anna  r., 
and  at  the  w.  termination  of  the  Louisa  railroad' 
50  s.  w.  by  w.  Fredericksburg.  It  has  a  store 
and  several  dwellings. 

Gordonsville,  p-o.,  Smith  co.,  Tenn.,  58  e 
Nashville,  633  W. 

Gordonton,  p-o.,  Person  co.,  N.  C.  64  Ra 
leigh,  268  W.  ' 

Gordonville,  p  o.,  Brown  co.,  O.,  99  s  w 
Columbus,  472  W. 
Gorham,  p-t,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  60  s  w 
in 


well  endowed  and  flourishing  academy,  and  i 
tains  1  tannery,  1  powder  m.,  3  grist  m.,  4 


586  W. 


Pop. 


con- 
-  grist  m.,  4  saw 
m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,920.     1  acad.  309  stu- 
dents, 23  sch.  1,160  scholars.     Pop.  3,001 
Gorham,  p-t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H.,  197  n.  Concord, 
It  has  a  rough  surface,  lying  at  the  base 
ot  the  White  mountains  on  the  n.  side,  and  the 
soil    is    unproductive.     Incorporated    in    1836. 
Drained  by  several  small  tributaries  of  Andros- 
coggin r.     It  has  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,550.    2  sch.  44  scholars, 
rop.  lo6. 

Gorham,  p-t.,  Ontario  co.,  N.  Y.,  197  w  Al- 
bany, 340  W.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  and 
the  soil,  fertile  and  well  cultivated.  Drained  by 
Flint  cr.,  and  small  tributaries  of  Canandaigua 
lake.  It  contains  several  small  villages.  It  has 
3  stores,  cap.  $7,000  ;  3  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  3 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,015.  1 
acad.  120  students,  21  sch.  923  scholars 
2,779. 

Gorham,  p-t.,  Lucas  co.,  O.,  180  n.  w.  Colum- 
bus, 511  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  border  of  the 
state.  Drained  by  Tiffin's  r.  It  has  3  sch.  95 
scholars.    Pop.  343. 

Gorntos,  p-o.,  Lowndes  co.,  Ga.,  286  s.  Mil- 
ledgeville, 901  W. 

Gorton,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  O.,  138  e.  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 291  W. 

Goshen,  p-t.,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  H.,  40  w.  by  n. 
Concord,  480  W.  Sunapee  mountain  lies  in  its 
s.  e.  part.  Drained  by  branches  of  Sugar  r.,  a 
tributary  of  Connecticut  r.  The  soil  is  well 
adapted  to  grazing.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,000 ; 
1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $2,045.     10  sch.  267  scholars.    Pop.  779. 

Goshen,  p-t.,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  12  n.  w. 
Northampton,  105  w.  by  n.  Boston,  393  W.  The 
surface  is  mountainous.  Some  minerals,  as 
emeralds,  lead,  and  tin,  are  found  here.  It  has  1 
store,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $6,000.  5  sch.  204  scholars.  Pop. 
556.  K 

Goshen,  p-t.,  Litchfield  co.,Ct.,6  N.Litchfield, 
33  w.  by  n.  Hartford,  332  W.  The  surface  is 
elevated,  and  moderately  uneven,  and  it  is  a  fine 
grazing  town,  with  some  of  the  largest  dairies  in 
the  state.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $50,000 ;  5  tanne- 
ries, 1  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$32,770.  1  acad.  50  students,  15  sch.  426  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,529. 

Goshen,  t.,  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  31  s.  w.  Montpe- 
lier.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  with  some 
good  land.  Watered  by  Leicester  r.  Iron  ore 
and  oxide  of  manganese  are  found.  Chartered 
in  1792,  rechartered  in  1798.  It  has  6  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,400.  7  sch.  230  scholars. 
Pop.  621. 

Goshen,  p-t.,  semi-capital  of  Orange  co.,  N.  Y., 
105  s.  by  w.  Albany,  278  W.  The  surface  is 
hilly,  with  some  extensive  flats.  The  soil  is  a 
fertile  loam,  specially  adapted  to  grazing.  Great 
quantities  of  excellent  butter  are  produced  here 
for  the  New  York  city  market,  where  it  is  in  high 
repute.  The  v.  is  situated  on  a  plain,  and  was 
incorporated  in  1809.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  county  clerk's  office,  bank,  1  Presbyterian 
and  1  Episcopal  church,  15  stores,  1  tannery,  a 
flourishing  academy,  with  a  female  seminary 
connected,  150  dwellings,  and  about  900  inhabit- 
ants. The  New  York  and  Erie  railroad  is  com- 
pleted from  Piermont,  on  the  Hudson  r.,  45  ms. 
to  this  place.  There  are  in  the  t.  22  stores,  cap. 
$29,045  ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  4  distilleries, 
2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers,  4  grist 


Augusta,   511  W.     First  settled  in   1736.    The  I  m?,  6  saw  m.   Cap.  in  maniifac.  $42,100.  5  acad. 
soil  is  excellent,  and  well  cultivated.    It  has  a  I  306  students,   12  sch.  425  scholars.    Pop.  3,389 

ol 


GOS 


242 


GRA 


Goshen,  p-v.,  Middle  t.,  Cape  May  co.,  N.  J., 
89  s.  Trenton,  199  W.  Situated  near  the  head 
of  navigation,  on  Goshen  cr.,  3  ms.  from  its  en- 
trance into  Delaware  bay. 

Goshen,  p-v.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  58  E.  s.  E. 
Harrisburg,  93  W. 

Goshen,  t.,  Tuscarawas  co.,  O.  It  lies  on  both 
sides  of  Tuscarawas  r.,  and  contains  the  villages 
of  New  Philadelphia  and  Lockport.  It  lias  9 
stores,  cap.  $15,900 ;  2  tanneries,  1  pottery,  1 
printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  1  flouring 
m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $56,500.  11 
sch.  782  scholars.    Pop.  1,885. 

Goshen,  p-t.,  Clermont  co.,  O.,  100  s.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 472  W.  It  is  a  valuable  agricultural  t. 
The  v.  contains  2  brick  churches — 1  Presbyte- 
rian and  1  Methodist — several  mills  moved  by 
horse  power,  15  or  20  mechanic  shops,  60  dwel- 
lings, and  about  300  inhabitants.  A  Macadam- 
ized road  connects  it  with  Cincinnati.  The  t. 
contains  4  stores,  cap.  $5,550  ;  1  tannery.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $3,700.  1  acad.  31  students,  1  sch. 
40  scholars.  Pop.  1,442. 
Goshen,  t.,  Allen  co.,  O.  Pop.  236. 
Goshen,  t.,  Belmont  co.,  O.  The  surface  is 
uneven,  and  the  soil  is  good.  Watered  by  head 
branches  of  Captina  and  McMahon's  creeks, 
which  afford  water  power.  It  has  3  sch.  40 
scholars.    Pop.  1,880. 

Goshen,  t.,  Champaign  co.,  O.  It  contains 
the  v.  of  Mechanicsburg.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$5,000 ;  2  tanneries,  2  flouring  m.,  3  saw  m.,  6 
sch.  136  scholars.    Pop.  1,407. 

Goshen,  t.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.  Situated  a 
few  miles  n.  w.  New  Lisbon,  and  contains  a  part 
of  the  v.  of  Damascus.  It  has  5  sch.  185  scholars. 
Pop.  1,392. 

Goshen,  t.,  Hardin  co.,  O.  It  has  1  tannery, 
1  saw  m.,  3  sch.  105  scholars.    Pop.  550. 

Goshen,  p-v.,  Lincoln  co.,  Ga.,  53  n.  e.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  93  W.  It  contains  a  Baptist  church, 
an  academy,  and  about  12  dwellings. 

Goshen,  p-v.,  Benton  co.,  Ala.,  157  s.  E.  Tus- 
caloosa, 690  W. 

Goshen,  p-v.,  capital  of  Elkhart  co.,  la.,  152  n. 
by  e.  Indianapolis,  690  W.    Situated  on  e.  side 
of  Elkhart  r.    It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and 
several  stores  and  dwellings. 
Goshen,  p-v.,  Putnam  co.,  111. 
Goshen,  t.,  Macon  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  718. 
Goshen  Mills,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  64 
w.  N.  w.  Annapolis,  33  W. 

Goshen  Hill,  p-o.,  Union  dist.,  S.  C,  53  N. 
w.  Columbia,  480  W. 

Goshenville,  p-o.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  77  e.  s. 
e.  Harrisburg,  122  W. 

Gosport  t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.  It  in- 
cludes the  Isles  of  Shoals,  7  in  number,  8  miles 
from  Portsmouth,  in  the  Atlantic.  A  sea  wall 
connects  Star  isle  with  Smutty  isle,  built  at  the 
expense  of  the  U.  States  government,  forming  a 
safe  harbor  on  the  n.  w.  side.  The  islands  are 
inhabited  chiefly  by  fishermen.  It  has  $1,500 
invested  m  the  fisheries.  1  8ch.  50  scholars. 
Pop.  115. 

Gosport,  v.  Norfolk  co.,  Va.  Situated  in  the 
s.  extremity  of  the  village  of  Portsmouth,  opposite 
to  Norfolk,  on  the  s.  side  of  Elizabeth  r.  The 
United  States  have  here  an  extensive  navy  yard 
and  a  large  and  expensive  dry  dock,  capable  of 
receiving  a  seventy-four  gun  ship. 

Gosport,  p-o.,  Clarke  co.,  Ala.,  144  s.  Tusca- 
loosa, 936  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  the 
Alabama  river. 

Gosport,  p-v.,  Owen  co.,  la.,  42  s.  w.  Indian- 
apolis, 613  W.  Situated  on  w.  side  of  White  r. 
It  has  2  stores,  and  about  75  inhabitants. 


Gouverneur,  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.  Y , 
181  n.  w.  Albany,  450  W.  The  surface  is  gen- 
erally level,  ana  'the  soil  fertile.  Watered  by 
Oswegatchie  river.  The  v.  is  situated  on  Oswe- 
gatchie  r.,  and  contains  2  churches,  4  stores,  1 
grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  the  "  Gouverneur  Wesleyan 
Seminary,"  60  dwellings,  and  about  450  inhabit- 
ants. There  are  in  the  t.,  3  stores,  cap.  $10,700 ; 
1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,200.  1 
acad.  213  students,  12  sch.  392  scholars.  Pop. 
2,538. 

Govenstown,  p-v.,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  34  n. 
Annapolis,  44  W. 

Governors  Island,  N.  Y.,  is  situated  in  the 
harbor  of  New  York,  3,200  feet  s.  of  the  Battery, 
and  contains  70  acres  of  ground,  belonging  to  the 
United  States.  It  contains  Castle  Williams,  on 
the  n.  w.  point  of  the  island,  a  round  tower  600 
feet  in  circumference  and  60  feet  high,  with  3 
tiers  of  guns  ;  Fort  Columbus  on  the  summit  of 
the  island,  in  the  form  of  a  star,  mounting  105 
heavy  cannon,  and  a  battery  on  the  s.  w.  part, 
commanding  the  entrance  through  Buttermilk 
channel.  The  above  fortifications,  when  fully 
garrisoned,  would  require  800  men.  There  are 
extensive  barracks,  with  houses  for  the  officers, 
occupied  by  a  small  garrison. 

Gowanus,  v.,  Brooklyn,  Kings  co.,  N.  Y.  It 
consists  of  a  scattered  settlement  around  Govvan- 
nus  bay,  in  the  s.  part  of  Brooklyn.  On  the  high 
ground  to  the  e.,  is  the  Greenwood  Cemetery, 
consisting  of  200  acres  of  ground,  which  is  highly 
picturesque,  and  affords  extensive  and  beautiful 
views.  It  is  designed  to  be  appropriately  orna- 
mented. The  v.  contains  3  churches,  1  store, 
and  30  or  40  dwellings. 

Goodeysville,  p-o.,  Union  dist.,  S.  C,  81  N. 
w.  Columbia,  450  W. 

Gowensville,  p-v.,  Spartanburg  dist.,  S.  C, 
133  n.  w.  Columbia,  477  W. 

Graceham,  p-v.,  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  87  n.  w. 
Annapolis,  58  W. 

Grafton,  county,  N.  H.  Situated  toward  the 
n.  w.  part  of  the  state,  is  bounded  w.  by  Con- 
necticut r.,  and  contains  1,740  sq.  ms.  Watered 
by  Pemigewasset  and  Lower  Ammonoosuck  ov- 
ers, and  smaller  streams.  Squam  and  Newlound 
lakes  are  considerable  bodies  of  water,  the  for- 
mer of  which  lies  partly  in  Carroll  co.,  and 
presents  much  picturesque  scenery.  The  surface 
is  mountainous,  but  contains  much  good  land. 
Organized  in  1771.  Capital,  Haverhill.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  49,996,  sheep  174,664, 
swine  26,090 ;  wheat  100,231  bush,  produced,  rye 
49,864,  Ind.  corn  135,683,  buckwheat  25,991,  bar- 
ley 7,198,  oats  382,581,  potatoes  1,191,518,  sugar 
340,477  pounds  ;  99  stores,  cap.  $303,800  ;  1  fur- 
nace, 1  forge,  31  fulling  m.,  13  woollen  fac,  36 
tanneries,  5  potteries,  57  grist  m.,  196  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.,  2  paper  fac,  3  printing  offices,  2  binderies, 
1  periodical,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Capital  in 
manufac.  $673,764.  1  college,  404  students,  6 
acad.  476  students,  369  sch.  14,047  scholars.  Pop. 
42,311. 

Grafton,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  33  n.  w. 
Concord,  504  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  moun- 
tainous, and  the  soil  rocky,  with  some  good  land. 
Glass  mountain,  which  on  one  side  rises  nearly 
perpendicularly  150  feet,  furnishes  mica,  or  isin- 
glass, which  is  procured  in  plates  6  inches  square 
or  more,  and  is  exported.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$6,200 ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.,  11  sch. 
455  scholars.     Pop.  1,201. 

Grafton,  p-t.,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  109  s.  Mont- 
pelier,  456  W.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  the 
soil  is  productive.  Watered  by  Sexton's  and 
1  Williams's  rivers.    Soapstone  of  a  fine  quality  is 


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243 


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extensively  found,  and  wrought  and  exported.  It 
has  3  stores,  cap.  $9,500  ;  3  fulling  m.,  2  woollen 
fac,  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $23,735.  13  sch.  436  scholars.  Pop. 
1,326. 

Grafton,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  36  s.  w. 
by  w.  Boston,  406  VV.  It  has  an  excellent  soil, 
and  a  fine  location.  Watered  by  Blackstone  r., 
which,  with  a  tributary,  affords  water  power. 
The  Boston  and  Worcester  railroad  passes 
through  its  n.  part,  and  the  Blackstone  canal 
through  its  s.  w.  corner.  It  has  6  stores,  cap. 
$28,000 ;  4  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  5  cotton  fac. 
22,930  sp.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $130,400.  10  sch.  468  scholars.  Pop. 
2,943. 

Grafton,  p-t..  Rensselaer  co.,  N.  Y.,  20  n.  e. 
Albany,  390  W.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  the 
soil  a  clay  loam,  with  a  heavy  natural  growth  of 
timber.  Watered  by  Poeston  kill,  and  other  small 
streams.  There  are  in  the  t.,  1  grist  m.,  13  saw 
m.,  4  oil  m.,  12  sch.  398  scholars.    Pop.  2,019. 

Grafton,  p-t.,  Loraine  co.,  O.,  118  n.  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 363  W.  It  has  4  sch.  164  scholars.  Pop. 
713.  V 

Grafton,  p-v.,  Jersey  co.,  111.,  85  s.  by  w. 
Springfield,  826  W. 

Graham,  p-o.,  Minisink  t.,  Orange  co.,  N.  Y. 

Graham's  Forge,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.  C. 

Graham's  Station,  p-v.,  Sutton  t,  Meigs  co., 
O.,  103  s.  e.  Columbus,  338  W. 

Graham's  Turn  Out,  p-o.,  Barnwell  dist.,  S. 
C,  81  s.  s.  w.  Columbia,  587  W. 

Grahamsville,  p-o.,  Neversink  t.,  Sullivan 
co.,  N.  Y.,  96  s.  by  w.  Albany,  312  W. 

Grahamsville,  p-v.,  Beaufort  dist.,  S.  C,  144 
S.Columbia,  629  W. 

Grahamsville,  p-o.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  45  s.  Har- 
risburg,  95  W. 

Grampian  Hills,  p-o.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  138 
N.  w.  Harrisburg,  230  W. 

Granger,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  toward  the 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  320  sq.  miles. 
Clinch  r.  runs  on  its  n.  w.  border,  and  Holston  r, 
runs  through  and  along  the  s.  e.  part.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  and  rough,  but  along  the  rivers  is 
fine  land.  A  ridge  of  hills  extends  through  the 
county,  between  the  rivers.  Capital,  Rutledge. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,233,  sheep  9, 119, 
swine  30,268  ;  wheat  50,409  bush,  produced,  rye 
1,166,  Ind.  corn  391,015,  oats  121,922,  potatoes 
10,920,  tobacco  21,495  pounds,  cotton  12,701,  su- 
gar 13,424;  18  stores,  cap.  $91,000;  1  forge,  3 
woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  128  sp.,  10  tanneries, 
42  distilleries,  7  flouring  m.,  25  grist  m.,  20  saw 
m.,  2  oil  m.,  1  paper  fac  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$67,385.  12  schools  196  scholars.  Pop- 
ulation, whites  9,521,  slaves  917,  free  col'd  134 ; 
total,  10,572. 

Granby,  t.,  Essex  co.,  Vt.  This  t.  was  char- 
tered in  1761,  and  was  first  settled  in  1800 ;  and 
during  a  succession  of  cold  seasons,  following  the 
year  1810,  it  was  nearly  abandoned,  but  has  since 
been  resettled.  Watered  by  head  branches  of 
Paul's  stream,  and  of  Moose  r.  The  country 
around  is  thinly  settled.  It  has  2  sch.  43  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  105. 

Granby,  p-t.,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  9  s.  e. 
Northampton,  85  w.  by  s.  Boston,  375  W.  In- 
corporated in  1768.  The  soil  is  adapted  to  graz- 
ing. It  has  some  woollen  manufactures.  Cop- 
per ore  is  said  to  be  found  here.  It  has  1  store 
cap.  $1,000;  2  woollen  fac,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m! 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $19,665.  6  sch.  280  scholars. 
Pop.  971. 

Granby,  p-t.,  Hartford  co.,  Ct.,  16  n.  n.  w.  Hart- 
ford, 352  W.    Incorporated  in  1786.    In  this  t. 


are  Simsburv  copper  mines,  formerly  wrought, 
but  afterwards  occupied  as  the  Connecticut  state 
prison.  The  pit  or  cavern,  50  feet  deep,  was  the 
pace  of  nocturnal  confinement ;  but  this  misera- 
ble hole  has  been  exchanged  for  a  fine  state  pris- 
on at  Wethersfield.  Watered  by  Farmington  r. 
and  its  branches.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  rough, 
but  it  has  some  good  land,  and  2  pleasant  villages 
It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $34,500  ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  wool- 
len lac,  3  tanneries,  18  distilleries,  3  grist  m.,  7 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $85,200.  2  acad.  27 
students,  14  sch.  360  scholars.    Pop.  2,611. 

Granby,  n-t.,  Oswego  co.,  N.  Y.,  158  w.  n.  w. 
Albany.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  the  soil 
a  sandy  loam,  with  heavy  timber  of  pine,  oak, 
maple,  beech,  &c  Watered  by  Oswego  r.  and 
some  smaller  streams.  It  has  2  stores,  capital 
$7,000  ;  1  tannery,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$16,405.     16  sch.  696  scholars.    Pop.  2,385. 

Granby,  p-o.,  Licking  co.,  O.,  38  e.  by  n.  Co- 
lumbus, 391  W. 

Grand,  p-t.,  Marion  co.,  O.,  58  n.  by  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 429  W.  Grand  post-office  is  situated  at 
Burlington  v.  in  Grand  t.  This  v.  contains  2 
stores,  about  35  dwellings,  and  175  inhabitants. 
There  are  in  the  t.,  2  stores,  cap.  $4,000 ;  4  tan- 
neries, 2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$5,050.     4  sch.  160  scholars.     Pop.  605. 

Grand  Blanc,  p-t.,  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  53  n. 
w.  Detroit,  577  W.  It  has  4  stores,  10  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,700.    Pop.  782. 

Grand  Cove,  p-o.,  Natchitoches  par.,  La. 

Grand  Coteau,  p-o.,  St.  Landry  par.,  La.,  205 
w.  New  Orleans,  1,254  W. 

Grand  Detour,  p-v.,  Ogle  co.,  HI.,  167  n. 
Springfield,  827  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  side  of 
Rock  r.  It  contains  1  church,  and  several  stores 
and  dwellings. 

Grand  Gulf,  p-v.,  Claiborne  co.,  Miss.,  65  s. 
by  w.  Jackson,  1,075  W.  Situated  on  Grand 
Gulf,  a  remarkable  bend  in  the  Mississippi  r.,  50 
ms.  by  road  above  Natchez,  and  360  by  the  river 
above  New  Orleans.  It  contains  2  churches — 1 
Presbvterian  and  1  Methodist— 26  stores,  a  bank, 
town  hall,  market-house,  hospital,  masonic  hall, 
theatre,  1  cotton  press,  1  iron  foundry,  2  steam 
saw  m.,  200  dwellings,  and  1,000  inhabitants. 

Grand  Haven,  p-v.,  Ottawa  t.,  capital  of  Ot- 
tawa co.,  Mich.,  213  w.  by  N.  Detroit,  694  W. 
Situated  on  the  s.  bank  of  Grand  r.,  one  fourth 
of  a  mile  from  its  entrance  into  Lake  Michigan, 
between  which  and  the  lake  are  sand  hills.  It 
has  a  court  house,  used  also  as  a  church  and  for 
schools,  3  stores,  5  large  ware  or  forwarding 
houses,  1  tannery,  and  2  steam  saw  m.  A  steam- 
boat of  100  tons  plies  between  this  place  and 
Grand  Rapids.  Several  sloops  are  owned  here. 
Steamboats  and  vessels  from  Chicago  to  Detroit 
touch  here  on  their  passage.  It  has  the  best  har- 
bor on  this  side  of  the  peninsula,  with  a  depth  of 
from  15  to  30  feet,  and  never  less  than  12  feet. 

Grand  Isle,  county,  Vt.,  in  the  n.  w.  part  of 
the  state,  contains  about  80  sq.  ms.  It  consists 
chiefly  of  2  large  islands  in  Lake  Champlain,  and 
the  town  of  Alburg,  situated  on  a  point  of  land 
projecting  into  Lake  Champlain  from  Canada. 
The  surface  is  moderately  swelling,  and  the  soil 
very  fertile,  and  well  cultivated.  Organized  in 
1802.  Capital,  North  Hero.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  5,463,  sheep  27,451,  swine  3,179; 
wheat  21,430  bush,  produced,  rye  9,504,  Ind  corn 
13,816,  buckwheat  9,216,  barley  1,655,  oats  43,430, 
potatoes  76,408,  sugar  34,478  pounds ;  8  stores, 
cap.  $13,100;  4  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,430.  26  sch.  1,601  scholars. 
Pop.  3,883. 
Grand  Isle,  p-t.,  Grand  Isle  co.,  Vt.,  66  n.  w. 


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244 


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Montpelier,  539  W.  This  t.  consists  of  the  n. 
half  of  the  largest  of  2  large  islands  in  Lake 
Champlain.  Organized  in  1809.  The  soil  is 
fertile,  producing  abundant  grain  and  fruits.  It 
has  a  grist  m.  on  a  small  null  stream,  the  only 
one  in  the  co.  It  has  a  Congregational  and  a 
Methodist  church.  Marble  and  limestone,  and 
rock  crystals  are  found  here.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $1,200;  1  tannery.     Pop.  724. 

Grand  Island,  Niagara  Strait,  N.  Y,  com- 
prises  a  part  of  Tonewanda  t.,  Erie  co.,  situated 
in  Niagara  r.,  3  ms.  below  Black  Rock,  and  ex- 
tending within  3  ms.  of  Niagara  falls.  It  is  9 
ms.  long,  and  in  its  widest  part,  6  wide.  The 
surface  is  level,  and  the  soil  excellent  for  grain 
or  grass,  and  easy  ot  cultivation.  It  is  chiefly 
covered  with  a  heavy  growth  of  white  oak,  beech, 
maple,  hickory,  elm,  ash,  black  oak,  &c.  It  con- 
tains 17,381  acres,  of  which  12  or  1,500  are  culti- 
vated. It  has  an  extensive  steam  grist  m.,  and 
a  steam  saw  m.  with  6  gangs  of  saws. 

Grand  Lake,  p-o.,  Chicot  co.,  Ark.,  167  s.  by 
E.  Little  Rock,  1,177  W.  Situated  on  w.  side  of 
the  Mississippi  r.,  near  a  lake  of  the  same  name. 

Grand  Pass,  p-o.,  Saline  co.,  Mo.,  103  n.  n.  w. 
Jefferson  city,  1,017  W.  Situated  3  s.  of  Missouri  r. 

Grand  Prairie,  t.,  Marion  co.,  O.  It  has  1 
tannery,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$550.    4  sch.  170  scholars.     Pop.  717. 

Grand,  r.,  Mich.  This  is  the  largest  river 
running  wholly  within  the  peninsula.  Two  prin- 
cipal branches  unite  in  Jackson  co.,  a  little  above 
Jackson  v.,  and  it  pursues  a  winding  north- 
wardly and  westwardly  course,  until  it  enters 
Lake  Michigan,  at  Grand  Haven,  in  Ottawa  co. 
It  is  270  ms.  long,  and  about  60  rods  wide  at  its 
mouth,  admitting  vessels  drawing  12  feet  of  water. 
It  is  navigable  for  steamboats  40  miles  to  the 
Grand  Rapids,  and  for  batteaux  240  miles. 

Grand,  r.,  Mo.,  rises  in  Iowa  ter.,  and  flow- 
ing s.  e.  enters  the  Missouri,  240  ms.   from  its 
mouth.    It  is  navigable  for  boats,  100  miles. 
Grand  River,  t.,  Caldwell  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  302. 
Grand  River,  t.,  Livingston  co.,  Mo.    It  has 

1  sch.  15  scholars.    Pop.  173. 
Grand  River,  t.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Mo.    It  has 

2  sch.  55  scholars.     Pop.  650. 
Grand  River,  t.,  Carroll  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  1,064. 
Grand  River,  t.,  Henry  co.,  Mo.    It  has  3 

sch.  62  scholars.    Pop.  999. 

Grand  Traverse  Bay,  is  a  considerable  inlet 
from  Lake  Michigan,  toward  the  s.  part  of  the 
peninsula. 

Grand  View,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  O.,  141  s. 
E.  Columbus,  278  W.  Situated  on  the  Ohio  r., 
25  ms.  above  Marietta.  The  portion  on  the  r. 
consists  of  fertile  bottoms;  the  uplands  are 
broken,  and  adapted  to  grazing.  It  has  2  sch.  50 
scholars.    Pop.  514. 

Grand  View,  p-v.,  Louisa  co.,  Iowa. 
«  £R««  w^^' ^dgar co.,  111,114 e. Spring- 
field, 675  W.    Situated  near  the  head  waters  of 
Big  cr,  surrounded  by  a  beautiful  and  fertile  roll- 
ing praine. 

Grandville,  p-v.,  Kent  co,  Mich  175  w  bv 
N.Detroit,  656  W.  Situated  at  the [  unction  Z 
Buck  and  Rush  creeks,  and  contains  3  stores  7 
saw  m.,  and  about  200  inhabitants.  Schooners 
and  steamboats  of  the  largest  class  ascend  to  this 
place,  and  smaller  boats  as  far  as  the  rapids 
first  settled  in  1835.  K 

Granger,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  n 
Angelica,  250  w.  by  s.  Albany.  The  surface  is 
undulating  ;  soil,  sandy  and  clay  loam.  Drained 
by  Genesee  r.  and  its  branches.  It  has  2  stores 
cap.  $3,500 ;  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.    Cap.  in  man 


Granger,  p-t.,  Medina  co.,  O.,  131  n.  e.  Colum- 
bus, 347  W.    It  has  7  sch.  333  scholars.    Pop.  956. 

Granger,  p-o.,  Will  co.,  111. 

Grangersville,  p-o.,  Saratoga  t,  Saratoga 
co.,  N.  Y.,  37  n.  Albany,  409  W. 

Grangerville,  p-o.,  Macon  co,  Ga. 

Grant,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  184  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Eagle  cr,  a  branch  of  Kentucky  r.,  which 
runs  through  its  w.  part.  Capital,  Williamstown. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,598,  sheep 
6,233,  swine  12,774;  wheat  32,303  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  3,532,  Ind.  corn  244,476,  oats  26,383, 
potatoes  6,116,  tobacco  248,325  pounds,  sugar 
25,185;  9  stores,  cap.  $11,400;  1  woollen  fac, 
3  tanneries,  1  flouring  m,  9  grist  m,  8  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $25,135.  5  sch.  97  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  3,838,  slaves  348,  free  col'd  6 ;  total, 
4,191. 

Grant,  county,  la.  Central  in  the  n.  part  of 
the  state,  and  contains  415  sq.  ms.  Organized  in 
1831.  The  surface  is  level,  and  generally  cov- 
ered with  timber.  Drained  by  Missisinewa  r. 
and  its  tributaries,  a  branch  of  the  Wabash. 
Capital,  Marion.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 5,877,  sheep  4,736,  swine  18,846;  wheat 
22,733  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  217,543,  buck- 
wheat 1,299,  oats  30,707,  potatoes  16,030,  sugar 
50,187  pounds;  11  stores,  cap.  $32,900  ;  2  tanne- 
ries, 1  distillery,  11  grist  m,  13  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $27,104.   4  sch.  86  scholars.  Pop.  4,875. 

Grant,  county,  Wis.  Situated  in  the  s.  w. 
part  of  the  ter.,  and  contains  nearly  1,200  sq.  ms. 
It  has  Wisconsin  r.  on  its  n.  border,  and  the  Mis- 
sissippi on  its  w.  and  s.  w.  border.  The  soil  is 
highly  productive,  and  it  abounds  in  lead  ore. 
Drained  by  Blue,  Grant,  and  Platte  rivers.  Cap- 
ital, Lancaster.  There  were  in  1810,  neat  cattle 
4,197,  sheep  463,  swine  8,645;  wheat  10,796 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  100,055,  barley  3,246, 
oats  65,400,  potatoes  74,629,  sugar  1,355  pounds  ; 
32  stores,  cap.  $74,950 ;  17  smelting  houses,  pro- 
ducing 6,020,350  pounds  lead,  1  brewery,  2 
flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  11  sawm.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $55,471.  10  sch.  383  scholars.  Population, 
3,926. 

Grantham,  p-t.,  Sullivan  co,  N.  H.,  54  w.  n. 
w.  Concord,  484  W.  Croydon  mountain  lies  in 
the  w.  part  of  the  t.  It  has  several  ponds,  from 
one  of  which  flows  a  head  branch  of  Sugar  r. 
The  soil  is  fertile  ;  the  low  lands  adapted  to  til- 
lage, and  the  mountain  to  grazing.  It  contains 
a  medicinal  spring.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,000  ; 
1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m,  7  sch.  350  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,036. 

Grantsboro,  p-o.,  Campbell  co.,  Tenn.,  201 
Nashville,  507  W. 

Grant's  Creek,  p-o.,  Switzerland  co.,  la,  99 
s.  E.  Indianapolis,  530  W.  Situated  on  the  n. 
side  of  the  Onio  r. 

Granville,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the  N. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  828  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Tar  r.,  and  by  branches  of  Roanoke  r.  and 
Neuse  r.  Capital,  Oxford.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  13,727,  sheep  14,234,  swine  36,422 ; 
wheat  51,938  bush,  produced,  rye  1,174,  Ind.  corn 
556,530,  oats  140,905,  potatoes  27,068,  tobacco 
3,918,822  pounds,  cotton  479,499  ;  27  stores,  cap. 
$184,450 ;  5  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  10  flouring 
m.,  46  grist  m.,  27  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$99,628.  6  acad.  163  students,  18  sch.  225  schol- 
ars. Pop.  whites  9,309,  slaves  8,707,  free  col'd 
801 ;  total,  18,817. 
Granville,  p-t.,  Addison  co.,  Vt,  35  s.  s.  w. 

Montpelier,  490  W.    The  surface  is  mountain- 
Chartered  hi  1780,  by  the  name  of  Kings- 


ufac.  $1,500.     11  sch.  452  scholars.    Pop.  1,064. 1  ton.'     Watered  by  head  branches  of  White  r. 


GRA 


245 


GRA 


one  of  which  has  a  fall  of  100  feet,  50  feet  of  the 
lower  part  being  perpendicular.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $4,000 ;  1  saw  m.,  7  sch.  255  scholars.  Pop. 
515. 

Granville,  t.,  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  120  s.  by 
w.  Boston.  The  surface  is  elevated,  and  the 
soil  is  fertile.  Toward  the  s.  E.  part  is  a  pleas- 
ant v.,  which  contains  2  churches — 1  Congrega- 
tional and  1  Baptist.  There  are  in  the  t.  5  stores, 
cap.  $6,700  ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  distille- 
rv,  1  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$1,200.    9  sch.  370  scholars.     Pop.  1,414. 

Granville,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  N.  Y.,  63 
N.  N.  E.  Albany,  433  W.  The  surface  is  moder- 
ately uneven  and  broken  ;  soil,  a  fertile  clay 
loam.  Drained  by  Pawlet  r.,  which  flows  into 
Lake  Champlain.  The  v.  is  situated  near  the 
Vermont  line,  and  contains  3  churches — 1  Episco- 

J>al,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Friends — 6  stores,  1  wool- 
en fac,  1  grist  m.,  and  1  tannery,  90  dwellings, 
and  500  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  8  stores, 
cap.  $55,100;  3  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  1  cot- 
ton fac.  1,452  sp.,  3  tanneries,  1  pottery,  3  grist 
m.,  2  flouring  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$74,630.  2  acad.  150  students,  18  sch.  957  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  3,846. 


Granville,  p-t.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  147  n.  e 
W.    It  has 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,560.     3  sch.  185  scholars. 


Harrisburg,  257 


fa 


ist  m.,  4  saw  m. 


Pop.  651 

Granville,  t.,  Mifflin  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  fur- 
nace, 2  distilleries,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $11,245.  7  sch.  185  scholars.  Pop.  1,016. 

Granville,  p-t.,  Licking  co.,  O.,  34  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 373  W.  This  flourishing  t.  was  settled 
in  1805,  by  emigrants  from  Granville,  Mass.  The 
v.  is  situated  on  the  e.  fork  of  Licking  r.,  and 
contains  3  churches,  1  male  and  2  female  acad- 
emies, 1  bank,  1  foundry,  1  furnace,  and  2  mills, 
2  acad.  315  students,  1  sch.  200  scholars,  100 
dwellings,  and  727  inhabitants.  One  mile  e.  of 
the  v.  is  Granville  College,  a  literary  and  theo- 
logical institution,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Baptists,  founded  in  1832,  has  a  president,  and  4 
professors  or  other  instructors,  20  students,  and 
3,000  vols,  in  its  libraries.  The  commencement 
is  on  the  2d  Wednesday  in  August.  There  are 
in  the  t.  1  acad.  178  students,  8  sch.  400  scholars. 
Pop.  1,52S. 

Granville,  p-v.,  Monongalia  co.,  Va.,  298  n. 
w.  Richmond,  220  W.  Situated  on  Dunkard  cr., 
on  the  w.  side  of  Monongalia  r.  It  has  1  church* 
free  to  all  denominations,  3  stores,  2  warehouses, 
various  mechanic  shops,  25  dwellings,  and  about. 
125  inhabitants. 

Granville,  p-v.,  Delaware  co.,  la.,  68  n.  e. 
Indianapolis,  539  W.  On  the  s.  w.  side  of  the 
Missisinewa  r. 

Granville,  p-v.,  Jackson  co.,  Tenn.,  64  e. 
Nashville,  642  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  bank  of 
the  Cumberland  r. 

Granville,  p-v.,  Platte  co.,  Mo.  Situated  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Missouri  r. 

Granville,  t.,  Milwaukee  co.,  Wis.  It  has  1 
grist  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000.    Pop.  225. 

Grape  Island,  p-o.,  Tyler  co.,  Va.,  330  n.  w. 
Richmond,  286  W. 

Grape  Grove,  p-t.,  Ray  co.,  Mo.,  154  N.  w. 
Jefferson  city,  1,057  W.    Pop.  564. 

Grape  Spring,  p-o.,  Hamilton  co.,  Term.,  147 
s.  e.  Nashville,  603  W. 

Grape  Vine,  p-o.,  Perry  co.,  Ky.,  143  s.  E. 
Frankfort,  528  W. 

Grass  Hills,  p-o.,  Carroll  county,  Ky.,  50  n. 
Frankfort,  543  W. 

Grass  Lake,  p-t.,  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  67  s.  w. 
Detroit,  542  W.    Situated  on  the  outlet  of  Grass 


Lake.  It  has  2  stores,  rap.  06,000;  1  ncad.  75 
students,  3  sch.  132  scholars.     Pop.  1,127. 

Grass  Land,  p-o.,  Harrison  co.,  Va.,  249  n.  w. 
Richmond,  238  W. 

Grassy  Creek,  p-o.,  Pendleton  co.,  Ky.,  72  s. 
e.  Frankfort,  518  W 

Grassy  Cove,  p-o.,  Bledsoe  co.,  Tenn.,  120  e. 
s.  E.  Nashville,  563  W. 

Grassy  Point,  p-v.,  Rockland  co.,  N.  Y.,  109 
s.  Albany,  277  W.  It  has  a  convenient  steam- 
boat landing  on  the  w.  side  of  Hudson  r.,  1  store, 
an  extensive  brick  yard,  and  12  or  15  dwellings. 

Grassy  Pond,  p-o.,  Spartanburg  dist.,  S.  C. 

Grass,  r.,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  the  e.  part  of  St.  Law- 
rence county,  and  flows  northwardly  into  the  St. 
Lawrence  r.,  on  the  n.  boundary  of  the  state. 

Gratiot,  county,  Mich.  Situated  in  the  cen- 
tral part  of  the  state,  and  contains  576  sq.  ms.  It 
has  an  undulating  surface,  and  a  good  soil,  well 
Umbered,  and  with  pine  in  the  n.  part.  Watered 
by  Maple  and  Pine  rivers.    Unorganized. 

Gratiot,  p-v.,  Hopewell  t.,  Licking  co.,  O.,  42 
E.  Columbus,  351  W.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  in 
an  elevated  and  commanding  position,  on  the  na- 
tional road,  and  contains  1  brick  church,  12  stores, 
a  number  of  mechanic  shops,  1  steam  saw  m.,  1 
carding  machine,  50  dwellings,  and  about  250  in- 
habitants. 

Gratiot's  Grove,  p-o.,  Iowa  co.,  Wis.,  9  w. 
Madison,  876  W. 

Gratis,  p-t.,  Preble  co.,  O.,  92  w.  Columbus, 
485  W.  It  has  a  fertile  soil,  and  is  highly  culti- 
vated.   Pop.  1,931. 

Gratitude,  p-o.,  Sussex  co.,  N.  J.,74  n.  Tren- 
ton, 231  W. 

Gratz,  p-v.,  Lykens  t.,  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  48  N. 
Harrisburg,  158  W.  It  contains  3  stores  and 
about  40  dwellings. 

Graves,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  660  sq.  ms.  Surface, 
level;  soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Mayfield.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,111,  sheep  6,781, 
swine  25,212 ;  wheat  36,719  bush,  produced,  rye 
1,293,  Ind.  corn  386,840,  oats  82,843,  potatoes 
12,147,  tobacco  464,372  pounds,  cotton  123,332; 
10  stores,  cap.  $31,400 ;  1  woollen  fac.,  4  cotton 
fac,  3  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  1  pottery,  17  grist 
m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $31,740.  17  sch. 
401  scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,644,  slaves  817,  free 
col'd  4 ;  total,  7,465. 

Grave  Creek,  p-o.,  Marshall  co.,  Va.,  352  s. 
w.  Richmond,  266  W. 

Gravel  Hill,  p-o.,  Buckingham  co.,  Va.,  67 
w.  Richmond,  249  W. 

Gravel  Hill,  p-o.,  McNairy  co.,  Tenn. 

Gravel  Spring,  p-o.,  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  165 
n.  w.  Richmond,  93  W. 

Gravelly  Hill,  p-o.,  Bladen  co.,  N.  C,  121 
s.  Raleigh,  351  W. 

Gravesend,  t.,  Kings  co.,  N.  Y.,  9  s.  N.  York. 
The  surface  is  level,  having  much  salt  marsh.  It 
has  a  few  sand  hills  near  the  shore.  Coney  Isl- 
and lies  in  front  of  it,  with  a  full  exposure  to  the 
Atlantic,  and  is  much  resorted  to  for  sea  bathing. 
The  v.  contains  a  Dutch  Reformed  church,  and 
about  15  houses.  The  t.  contains  2  stores,  cap. 
$3,000 ;  2  sch.  86  scholars.    Pop.  799. 

Graves  Mt.,  a  conical  peak,  about  800  feet 
high,  in  the  w.  part  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ga. 

Graves'  Landing,  p-o.,  Lowndes  co.,  Ala., 
110  s.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  850  W. 

Graves  Mill,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  Va.,  105  n. 
w.  Richmond,  106  W. 

Gravi,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  Mo.,  56  w.  Jefferson 
city,  992  W. 


t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  47  s.  w.  Au- 
gusta, 561  W.    This  is  a  fine  farming  t.    It  has  9 


Gray,  p-t 


GRE 


246 


GRE 


stores,  cap.  $5,000;  2  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac, 
3TnneriePS,l  grist  ml  saw  m.  Cap  in  manu- 
fac.  $5,500.     11  sch  702  scholars.     Pop.  1,740. 

Gr\y,  t.,  Gasconade  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1,074. 

Grayson,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  s.,  and 
toward  the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  927 
sq  ms  Drained  by  Great  Kanawha  r.,  here  call- 
ed New  r.,  and  its  branches.     It  is  elevated  about 

I  600  feet  above  the  level  of  the  ocean.  Capital, 
Greenville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
13,935,  sheep  18,253,  swine  21  502;  wheat  27  868 
bush,  produced,  rye  16958 ,  Ind.  corn  219217, 
buckwheat  15,219,  oats  142,715,  potatoes  34,334  ; 

II  stores,  cap.  $40,125  ;  3  forges,  5  woollen  fac, 
8  tanneries,  20  distilleries,  76  grist  m., ,21  saw  m., 
1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,350.  1  acad.  120 
students,  10  sch.  252  scholars.  Pop.  whites  8,542, 
slaves  492,  free  col'd  53  ;  total,  9,087. 

Grayson,  county,  Ky.  Central  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state.  It  contains  800  sq.  ms.  A  branch 
of  Green  r.  runs  on  its  at.  border.  Capital,  May- 
field.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,163, 
sheep  7,337,  swine  15,199;  wheat  18,907  bush, 
produced,  rye  473,  Ind.  corn  141,845,  oats  58,509, 
potatoes  4,842,  tobacco  242,372  pounds,  sugar 
30,138;  17  stores,  cap.  $34,405;  3  tanneries,  5 
distilleries,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $16,375.  6  sch.  209  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
4,262,  slaves  199 ;  total,  4,461. 

Grayson,  p-v.,  capital  of  Carter  co.,  Ky.,  128 
K.  Frankfort,  432  W.  Situated  i  m.  w.  of  Little 
Sandy  r.  It  has  a  court  house,  8  or  10  houses, 
and  50  inhabitants. 

Grayson,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Grayson  co., 
Va.,  called  also  Greenville,  261  s.  Richmond,  336 
W.  Situated  on  the  s.  bank  of  New  r.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  3  stores,  several  mechan- 
ic shops,  12  dwellings,  and  about  75  inhabitants, 
one  fourth  of  whom  are  colored. 
Grayson  Springs,  p-o.,  Grayson  co.,  Ky. 
Grayson  Sulphur  Springs,  p-o.,  Grayson 
co.,  Va. 

Graysport,  p-v.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.,  68  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 343  W 

Grays  Settlement,  p-o.,  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  240 
N.  w.  Harrisburg,  332  W. 

Grays  Valley,  p-o.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  146  n. 
Harrisburg,  256  W. 

Graysville,  p-v.,  Morris  t.,  Huntingdon  co 
Pa.,  101  w.  Harrisburg,  170  W.    It  contains  1 
store  and  8  or  10  dwellings. 

Graysville,  p-v., Todd  co.,  Ky.,  55  Frankfort, 
720  W. 

Graysville,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  O.,  124  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 281  W. 
•Graysville,  p-v.,  White  co.,  111.,  61  s.  E. 
Springfield,  841  W. 

Greasy  Creek,  p-o.,  Flovd  co.,  Va.,  230  w. 
Richmond,  305  W 

Great  Barrington,  p-t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Ms., 
134  w.  Boston,  355  W.  It  is  situated  on  both 
sides  of  the  Housatonic  r.  The  surface  is  une- 
ven, and  adapted  to  grazing,  except  on  the  Hou- 
satonic, where  the  surface  is  level,  and  the  soil 
very  fertile .  A  branch  of  the  Housatonic  afford  s 
good  water  power.  The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated, 
contains  some  good  houses,  and  2  churches— 1 
Congregational  and  1  Episcopal — and  some  man- 
ufactures. There  are  in  the  t.,  7  stores,  capital 
$21,000;  1  furnace,  1  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac 
3  cotton  fac.  6,094  sp.,  2  tanneries,  1  printing  of- 
fice, 1  weekly  paper,  3  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $138,000.  1  acad.  30  students,  16 
sch.  634  scholars.  Pop.  2,704. 
Great  Bend,  p-v.,  Champion  t.,  Jefferson  co, 


1  cloth  dressing  works,   1   store,   and  about  25 
dwellings.     A  bridge  here  crosses  the  r. 

Great  Bend,  p-o.,  Great  Bend  t.,  Susquehan- 
na co.,  Pa.,  191  N.  E.  Harrisburg,  295  W.  Situ- 
ated at  the  junction  of  Salt  Lick  cr.  with  the 
Susquehanna  r.,  on  an  extensive  flat,  surrounded 
on  all  sides  by  high  hills.  It  is  built  on  both  sides 
of  the  r.,  over  which  is  a  bridge  600  feet  long  and 
20  feet  wide,  which  cost  $6,500.  It  has  2  church- 
es—1  Presbyterian  and  1  Baptist— several  stores, 
a  seminary  for  young  ladies,  40  dwellings,  and 
about  240  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.,  4 
stores,  cap.  $21,500;  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $5,350.  7  sch.  210  scholars.  Pop. 
859. 

Great  Bend,  p-o.,  Meigs  co.,  O.,  112  s.  s.  E. 
Columbus,  341  W. 

Great  Bridge,  p-v.,  Norfolk  co.,  Va.,  115  s. 
e.  Richmond,  240  W.    Situated  on  Southern  r. 

Great  Crossings,  p-v.,  Scott  co.,  Ky.,  15  N. 
E.  Frankfort,  527  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of 
Elkhorn  cr.  The  Choctaw  academy  is  located 
here,  under  the  superintendence  of  the  War  De- 
partment. It  had  in  1841,  131  students,  viz  :— 52 
Choctaws,  21  Pottawatomies,  26  Chickasaws,  10 
Creeks,  2  Quapaws,  3  Seminoles,  1  Miami,  10 
miscellaneous. 

Great  Egg  Harbor,  collection  district.  Ton- 
nage of  1840,  16,364.  (See  Egg  Harbor,  Great.) 

Great  Falls,  p-v.,  Somerworth  t.,  Strafford 
co.,  N.  H,  34  e.  Concord,  499  W.  Here  is  a 
large  and  beautiful  village  and  extensive  manu- 
factories.   (See  Somerworth.) 

Great  Valley,  p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.  Y., 
300  w.  by  s.  Albany,  328  W.  The  surface  is 
somewhat  broken,  rising  from  the  valley  of  Alle- 
ghany r.  Watered  on  the  s.  by  Tunianguant  cr., 
and  n.  by  Great  Valley  cr.,  tributaries  of  Alle- 
ghany r.  At  the  post-office  is  Peth  v.,  contain- 
ing 1  store,  2  saw  m.,  and  15  dwellings.  There 
are  in  the  t.,  4  stores,  cap.  $11,000;  1  fulling  m., 
1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  18  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $14,400.    6  sch.  235  scholars.     Pop.  852. 

Great  Works,  p-v.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  80 
e.  Augusta,  675  W.  Situated  at  the  entrance  of 
Great  Works  stream  into  the  Penobscot  r.,  oppo- 
site to  Indian  Oldtown.  Here  is  a  good  water 
power,  and  a  considerable  village. 

Great  South  Bay,  N.  Y.  Situated  on  the  s. 
side  of  Long  Island,  and  is  about  50  ms.  long  and 
5  wide,  enclosed  by  Great  South  Beach,  which 
is  40  ms.  long  and  half  a  mile  wide.  On  the  w. 
end  is  a  light-house.  The  bay  is  navigable,  has 
several  inlets,  and  abounds  with  fine  shell  and 
other  fish,  and  a  variety  of  water  fowls,  and  is  a 
great  resort  of  sportsmen. 

Greece,  p-t.,  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y.,  6  n.  Roches- 
ter, 226  w.  by  n.  Albany,  375  W.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  the  soil  sandy,  gravelly  and 
clay  loam.  Watered  by  small  streams,  flowing 
into  Lake  Ontario.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $5,400 ; 
1  furnace,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$6,510.     16  sch.  993  scholars.     Pop.  3,669. 

Greely,  p-o.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  85  n.  Augus- 
ta, 680  W. 

Green  Bank,  p-o.,  Pocahontas  co.,  Va.,  x89 
w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  216  W.  Situated  on  Deer 
cr.,  6  ms.  above  its  entrance  into  Greenbrier  r. 
It  has  1  church,  free  to  all  denominations,  a  a- 
brary,  2  stores,  several  mills,  and  various  me- 
chanics. ■  _  .  ....  , . 
Green  Bay,  Wis.,  lies  N.  w.  of  Lake  Michi- 
gan, connected  with  it  by  a  broad  opening,  and 
running  parallel  with  it.  It  is  100  ms.  long,  and 
from  15  to  30  broad.     At  its  entrance  is  a  string 


N.  Y.,  159  n.  w.  Albany.    Situated  on  Black  r!,  I  of  islands,  called  Grand  Traverse  islands,  extend- 
and  contains  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  distillery,  |  ing  for  30  ms.    It  is  navigable  for  vessels  of  200 


GRE 


247 


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G#een,  or.,  jp-t,  Sandusky  co.,  O.,  100  u.  Co. 
lumbus,415  W.    Pop.  1,189. 

Greene,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  in  the  E. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  583  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  diversified,  being  hilly  and  mountain- 
ous s.  and  w.,  and  more  level  toward  the  n.  e. 
The  mountains  are  sterile,  and  the  valleys  pro- 
ductive. Watered  by  Catskill  and  Coxsackie 
creeks,  which  flow  into  the  Hudson,  and  the 
head  branches  of  Schoharie  cr.,  which  flows  into 
the  Mohawk  r.  Capital,  Catskill.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  22,495,  sheep  39,326,  swine 
19,357 ;  wheat  17,677  bush,  produced,  rye  86,840, 
Ind.  com  109,772,  buckwheat  57,642,  barley 
2,368,  oats  309,882,  potatoes  302,902,  5  commis- 
sion houses  in  for.  trade,  cap.  $131,380;  142 
stores,  cap.  $396,510;  2  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$10,300 ;  3  furnaces,  10  fulling  m.,  5  woollen  fac, 
1  cotton  fac.  368  sp.,  29  tanneries,  2  distilleries, 
1  powder  m.,  2  potteries,  3  flouring  m.,  29  grist 
m.,  79  saw  m.,  3  paper  fac,  3  printing  offices,  1 
bindery,  3  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $910,760.  3  acad.  97  students,  122  sch.  3,227 
scholars.     Pop.  30,446. 

Greene,  county,  Pa.  Situated  in  the  s.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  576  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Ten  Mile  and  Dunkards  creeks  e.,  and  by 
Fish  and  Wheeling  creeks  w.  The  surface  is 
broken  and  mountainous,  but  the  soil  is  produc- 
tive. Capital,  Waynesburg.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  19,388,  sheep  37,035,  swine 
36,199 ;  wheat  251,823  bush,  produced,  rye  33,901, 
Ind.  corn  436,607,  buckwheat.  31,366,  oats  348,809, 
potatoes  60,883,  sugar  111,107  pounds  ;  50  stores, 
cap.  $140,885 ;  9  lulling  m.,  4  woollen  fac,  15 
tanneries,  34  distilleries,  1  glass  fac,  1  glass  cut- 
ting estab.,  4  flouring  m.,  45  grist  m.,  62  saw  m., 
5  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $290,782.  1  acad.  42  students, 
74  sch.  1,723  scholars.    Pop.  19,147. 

Greene,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  central 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  190  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Stanards- 
ville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,086, 
sheep  3,345,  swine  7,180 ;  wheat  39,731  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  14,741,  Ind.  corn  124,241,  buckwheat 
233,  oats  32,734,  potatoes  7,646,  hops  206  pounds, 
tobacco  489,933,  cotton  1,143;  4  stores,  cap. 
$21,000;  2  tanneries,  2  flouring  m.,  15  grist  m., 
12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $23,855.  7  acad. 
135  students,  6  sch.  136  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
2,447,  slaves  1,740,  free  coi'd  45;  total,  4,232. 

Greene,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  centrally  in 
the  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  240  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Moccason  r.,  a  branch  of  the  Neuse 
r.  Surface  level,  soil  fertile.  Capital,  Snow 
Hill.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,400, 
sheep  3,068,  swine  25,456 ;  wheat  8,824  bush, 
produced,  rye  6,975,  Ind.  corn  279,730,  oats  2,455, 
potatoes  44,404,  rice  15,492  pounds,  cotton 
1,344,990 ;  10,035  barrels  of  tar,  pitch,  &c ;  8 
stores,  cap.  $78,000 ;  30  distilleries,  27  grist  m.,  8 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $16,500.  5  sch.  100 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,375,  slaves  2,971,  free 
col'd  249 ;  total,  6,595. 

Greene,  county,  Ga.  Situated  n.  e.  of  the 
centre  of  the  slate,  and  contains  504  sq.  ms. 
The  Oconee  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border.  Surface 
undulating,  soil  fertile.  Capital,  Greensboro. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  11,130,  sheep 
7,054,  swine  28,164 ;  wheat  53,568  bush,  produ- 
ced, rye  1,179,  Ind.  corn  400,172,  barley  1,193,  oats 
35,486,  potatoes  12,693,  cotton  2,756,469  pounds  ; 
22  stores,  cap.  $128,000 ;  1  cotton  fac,  6  tanneries, 
5  flouring  m.,  24  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac  $5,000.  1  college,  22  students,  5  acad 
323  students,  13  sch.  358  scholars.    Population 


tons  to  its  head,  and  receives  Fox  and  Menomine 
rivers. 

Green  Bay,  p-v.,  Brown  co.,  Wis.,  158  n.  Ma- 
dison, 938  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Fox  r. 
at  its  entrance  into  Lake  Michigan.  The  settle- 
ment extends  on  both  sides  of  the  r.  for  4  miles. 
It  has  a  U.  S.  land  office,  40  stores,  and  about 
1,500  inhabitants. 

Greenberry,  p-o.,  Grant  co.,  la.,  82  n.  n.  e. 
Indianapolis,  553  W. 

Green  Bottom,  p-o.,  Cabell  co.,  Va.,  379  w. 
by  n.  Richmond,  334  W. 

Green  Bottom,  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  213 
w.  Nashville,  898  W. 

Greenbrier,  county,  Va.  Central  toward 
the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,493  sq. 
ms.  The  surface  is  broken,  elevated  and  moun- 
tainous. Drained  by  Greenbrier  r.  and  its 
branches,  and  by  branches  of  Gauley  r.  Capi- 
tal, Lewisburg.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 13,855,  sheep  18,722,  swine  12,373;  wheat 
69,151  bush,  produced,  rye  43,466,  Ind.  corn 
207,055,  buckwheat  3,031,  oats  198,296,  potatoes 
31,916,  sugar  114,932  pounds  ;  12  stores,  cap. 
$112,000;  1  tannery,  19  distilleries,  30  grist  m., 
33  saw  m.,  4  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $63,534. 
1  acad.  28  students,  23  sch.  505  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  7,287,  slaves  1,214,  free  col'd  194 ;  total, 
8,695. 

Green  Brier,  r.,  Va.,  rises  in  Pocahontas  co., 
and  passing  through  Greenbrier  co.,  and  into 
Monroe  co.,  enters  the  Great  Kanawha  r.  near 
the  boundary  between  the  2  latter  counties,  and 
at  the  passage  through  Laurel  ridge. 

Greenbrier,  p-o.,  Northumberland  co.,  Pa., 
60  n.  Harrisburg,  170  W. 

Greenburg,  t.,  Westchester  co.,  N.  Y.  130  s. 
Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  gravelly, 
clay  and  sand  loam,  well  cultivated.  Watered 
by  Bronx  and  Sawmill  rivers.  Hudson  r.  bounds 
it  on  the  w.  It  has  1  acad.  15  students,  10  sch. 
324  scholars.    Pop.  3,361. 

Green  Bush,  p-o.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  68  s. 
Montpelier,  468  W. 

Greenbush,  t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.  It  has  3 
sch.  108  scholars.    Pop.  261. 

Greenbush,  p-t.,  Rensselaer  co.,  N.  Y.,  1  e. 
Albany,  370  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Hud- 
son r.  opposite  to  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly  ; 
soil,  clay  loam,  with  gravel  and  sand.  The  land 
along  the  r.  is  level  and  very  fertile.  The  v. 
was  incorporated  in  1815,  and  contains  2  churches, 

1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist,  9  stores,  2  flour- 
ing m.,  1  distillery,  1  tannery,  1  spirit  gas  fac, 
100  dwellings,  and  about  900  inhabitants.  The 
Albany  and  West  Stockbridge  railroad  commen- 
ces here,  and  a  ferry  crosses  to  Albany.  There 
are  in  the  t.,  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000.  15  sch.  865  scholars. 
Pop.  3,701. 

Greenbush,  p-v.,  Warren  co.,  III.,  92  n.  w. 
Springfield,  838  W. 

Green  Camp,  t.,  Marion  co.,  O.  It  has  2  sch. 
70  scholars.    Pop.  361. 

Green  Castle,  p-b.,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  56 
Harrisburg,  79  W.  It  contains  5  churches, 
several  factories,  250  dwellings,  and  about  1,500 
inhabitants.    It  is  surrounded  by  a  fertile  country. 

Green  Castle,  p;V.,  capital  of  Putnam  co., 
la.,  47  w.  Indianapolis,  612  W.  Situated  on  a 
high  table  land,  1  m.  e.  of  the  Walnut  fork  of 
Eel  r.     It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  1  seminary, 

2  churches,  7  stores,  and  about  500  inhabitants. 
There  are  in  the  t.,  13  stores,  cap.  $62,160;  2 
tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$1 1,300.  1  acad.  87  students,  3  sch.  148 scholars. 
Pop.  2,258. 


GRE 


248 


GRE 


whites  4,641,  slaves  7,024,  free  colored  25  ;  total, 

11,690.  .'"'-«,         j   •      v. 

Greene,  county,  Ala.  Situated  in  the  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  836  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  hilly,  but  the  soil  on  the  river  bottoms 
is  excellent.  Tombigbee  r.  runs  on  its  w.  boun- 
dary. Watered  by  Black  Warrior,  or  Tusca- 
loosa r.  Capital,  Eutaw.  There  were  in  18 10, 
neat  cattle  8,940,  sheep  4,749,  swine  18,492; 
wheat  18,396  bush,  produced,  rye  1,618,  Ind.  corn 
520,198,  oats  14,928,  potatoes  48,369,  silk  cocoons 
45  pounds,  cotton  3,173,800;  18  stores,  cap. 
$171,700 ;  3  tanneries,  1  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  3 
saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $22,900.  242  students  in  acad- 
emies, 173  scholars  in  schools.  Pop.  whites 
7,556,  slaves  16,431,  free  col'd  37;  total,  24,024. 

Greene,  county,  Miss.  Situated  in  the  s.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  864  sq.  ms.  It  is 
chiefly  covered  with  pine  forest,  and  the  soil  is 
sterile.  Watered  by  Pascagoula  r.  and  its 
branches.  Capital,  Leakesville.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,513,  sheep  915,  swine 
10,837;  Ind.  corn  34,264  bush,  produced,  pota- 
toes 18,693,  rice  10,365  pounds,  cotton  40,260  ;  1 
store,  cap.  $5,000  ;  8  grist  m.,  5  oil  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $1,500.  3  sch.  40  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  1,207,  slaves  429  ;  total,  1,636. 

Greene,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  700  sq.ms.  The 
surface  is  elevated,  and  greatly  diversified  with 
hill  and  valley.  Watered  by  Nolachucky  r.,  and 
Licking  cr.  Capital,  Greenville.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  14,267,  sheep  17,172,  swine 
49,011 ;  wheat  142,392  bush,  produced,  rye  4,691, 
Ind.  corn  683,295,  buckwheat  2,233,  oats  221,123, 
potatoes  23,128,  tobacco  9,125  pounds,  cotton 
2,123 ;  15  stores,  cap.  $92,250  ;  1  furnace,  7  forges, 
17  tanneries,  52  distilleries,  7  potteries,  4  flour- 
ing m.,  54  grist  m.,  39  saw  m.,  6  oil  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $58,821.  1  college,  30  students,  2 
acad.  98  students,  12  sch.  196  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  14,410,  slaves  1,006,  free  col'd  151 ;  total, 
16,076. 

Greene,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  middle 
of  the  state,  and  contains  460  sq.  ms.  Watered 
by  Green  r.  and  its  tributaries.  The  surface  is 
undulating;  soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Greensburg. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  11,642,  sheep 
18,140,  swine  46,691 ;  wheat  75,221  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  1,050,  Ind.  corn  338,664,  oats  143,860, 
potatoes  12,971,  tobacco  1,961,711  pounds,  cotton 
2,398,  sugar  9,147;  14  stores,  cap.  $110,400;  2 
forges,  1  cotton  fac.  126  sp.,  10  tanneries,  7  dis- 
tilleries, 2  flouring  m.,  10  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $43,034.  1  acad.  100 
students,  13  sch.  309  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
10,263,  slaves  3,830,  free  col'd  119;  total, 
14,212. 

Greene,  county,  O.  Situated  s.  w.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  400  sq.  ms. 

i?teureduby  Mad  r'  and  bY  Little  Miami  *"  of 
which  the  following  are  branches;  Caesar's, 
Heaver,  Massie's  and  Anderson' s  creeks.  These 
with  some  smaller  streams,  afford  extensive 
water  power.  The  surface  is  undulating.  Yel- 
low Springs  is  a  famous  watering  place.  Cap- 
ital, Xenia.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
14,914,  sheep  29,527,  swine  26,770 ;  wheat  257,465 
bush,  produced,  rye  9,989,  Ind.  com  659,2J6, 
barley  1,757,  oats  157,668,  potatoes  19,016;  35 
stores,  cap.  $143,350;  5  fulling  m.,  2  woollen 
fac,  3  tanneries,  18  distilleries,  1  brewery,  24 
flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  27  saw  m.,  2  oil  m'.,  3 
printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap  in 
manufac.  $248,580.  13  sch.  349  scholars.  Pon 
17,523.  V 


Greene,  county,  la.  Situated  toward  the  s.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  456  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  generally  level,  and  the  soil  fertile. 
Drained  by  the  w.  fork  of  White  r.,  Eel  r.,  and 
Richland  cr.  Capital,  Bloomfield.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,756,  sheep  8,861,  swine 
24,131 ;  wheat  27,958  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
363,113,  oats  66,435,  potatoes  12,833,  tobacco 
215,389  pounds,  sugar  30,152;  20  stores,  cap. 
$31,910  ;  14  tanneries,  12  distilleries,  2  flouring  m., 

23  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $16,086. 

24  sch.  834  scholars.    Pop.  8,321. 

Greene,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  912  sq.  ms.  Organized 
in  1821.  The  Illinois  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border, 
and  the  Mississippi  on  the  s.  The  bank  of  the 
Mississippi  consists  chiefly  of  perpendicular 
cliffs,  from  80  to  200  feet  high,  containing  hori- 
zontal strata  of  lime  and  sandstone,  and  abun- 
dance of  coal  is  found  a  little  within  the  surface. 
Drained  also  by  Apple,  Macoupin,  Otter  and 
Piasa  creeks.  The  surface  is  generally  level, 
and  the  soil  fertile,  consisting  of  timber  and 
prairie  land.  Capital,  Carrol  lion.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  17,211,  sheep  14,856,  swine 
25,385  ;  wheat  29,137  bush,  produced,  rye  2,447, 
Ind.  corn  320,402,  buckwheat  2,263,  oats  32,518, 
potatoes  30,233  ;  19  stores,  cap.  $17,500  ;  8  distil- 
leries, 2  flouring  m.,  22  grist  m.,  18  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $37,400.  15  sch.  555  scholars.  Pop. 
11,951. 

Greene,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the  s.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,000  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  hilly  ;  the  soil  is  generally  fertile,  con- 
sisting of  timber  and  prairie  land.  Drained  by 
branches  of  Osage  and  White  rivers.  Capital, 
Springfield.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
7,623,  sheep  5,540,  swine  20,504 ;  wheat  16,539 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  322,715,  oats  19,962, 
potatoes  15,667,  tobacco  7,754  pounds,  cotton 
3,709 ;  10  stores,  cap.  $30,000 ;  3  tanneries,  4 
distilleries,  7  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  printing  office, 

I  weekly  newspaper.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,650. 

II  sch.  233  scholars.     Pop.  whites  4,693,  slaves 
677,  free  col'd  2  ;  total,  5,372. 

Greene,  county,  Wis.  Situated  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  ter.,  and  contains  576  sq.  ms.  It  has  con- 
siderable prairie  land.  Watered  by  Peckatonakee 
r.  and  Sugar  cr.  Copper  and  lead  are  found. 
Capital,  Monroe.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 1,458,  sheep  608,  swine  3,605;  wheat  11,953 
bush,  produced,  Indian  corn  25,610,  buckwheat 
783,  oats  20,245,  potatoes  15,603 ;  2  stores,  cap. 
$6,000  ;  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$6,400.     Pop.  933. 

Greene,  county,  Ark.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,025  sq.  ms.  St. 
Francis  r.  runs  on  its  E.  border.  Watered  by 
Cache  r.  and  its  branches.  Surface,  level.  Cap- 
ital, Gainsville.  There  were  in  1810,  neat  cattle 
1,860,  sheep  230,  swine  3,259 ;  wheat  1,132  bush, 
produced,  Ind.  corn  26,945,  potatoes  438,  cotton 
3,578  pounds;  2  stores,  cap.  $1,300.  1  sch.  25 
scholars.     Pop.  1,536. 

Greene,  p-t.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  25  s.  w.  Au- 
gusta, 583  W.  It  lies  on  the  E.  side  of  Andros- 
coggin r.  Incorporated  in  1788.  It  has  a  good 
soil,  adapted  to  wheat.  It  contains  4  stores,  cap. 
$9,000 ;  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$3,450.     12  sch.  455  scholars.     Pop.  1,406. 

Greene,  p-t.,  Chenango  co.,  N.  Y.,  120  w.  s. 
w.  Albany,  314  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
broken ;  soil,  generally  good.  Drained  by  Che- 
nango r.  and  its  tributaries.  The  v.  is  situated 
on  the  w.  bank  of  Chenango  r.,  on  the  line  of  the 
Chenango  canal.  It  contains  4  churches— 1  Pres- 
i  byterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Method- 


GRE 


249 


GRE 


1st — 11  store-,  1  flouring  m.,  1  clothier's  works,  1 
plaster  m.,  1  saw  m.,  2  tanneries,  100  dwellings, 
and  about  750  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t. 
11  stores,  cap.  $62,500;  1  fulling  m.,  I  tannery, 
2  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,400. 
1  acad.  68  students,  30  sch.  1,098  scholars.  Pop. 
3,462. 

Greene,  t.,  Sussex  co.,  N.  J.,  7  s.  w.  New 
ton.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  mountainous.  It 
contains  Hunt's  and  Grass  ponds.  Drained  by 
tributaries  of  Pequest  cr.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$2,500 ;  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
§5,200.    5  sch.  112  scholars.    Pop.  777. 

Greene,  p-o.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  56  e.  Harris- 
burg,  93  W. 

Greene,  t.,  Greene  co.,  Pa.,  11  s.  E.  Waynes- 
burg.  The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  loam.  Drained 
by  Whiteley  cr.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $6,400 ;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  distillery,  3  grist  m., 
4  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,222.  3 
sch.  75  scholars.     Pop.  611. 

Greene,  t.,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  10  n.  e.  Indiana 
b.  Drained  by  Two  Lick,  Yellow,  and  Cush- 
cushion  creeks.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $8,300 ;  2 
tanneries,  5  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$9,250.     1  sch.  35  scholars.    Pop.  2,321. 

Greene,  t.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  12  s.  w.  Beaver. 
The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  loam.  Ohio  r.  bounds 
it  on  the  n.  Drained  by  Mill  cr.  It  has  7  stores, 
cap.  $11,200;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tan- 
neries, 2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$27,592.    4  sch.  180  scholars.    Pop.  1,500. 

Greene,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  5  n.  e.  Cham- 
bersburg,  43  s.  e.  Harrisburg.  The  surface  is 
level,  and  the  soil  rests  on  limestone  and  slate. 
Drained  by  the  e.  branch  of  Conecocheague  cr. 
South  mountain  lies  on  the  e.  of  the  t.  It  has  9 
stores,  cap.  $17,900;  1  furnace,  1  forge,  1  fulling 
m.,  2  woollen  fac,  2  distilleries,  1  tannery,  9  flour- 
ing m.,  2  grist  m.,  19  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$47,300.    9  sch.  279  scholars.    Pop.  2,518. 

Greene,  p-t.,  Harrison  co.,  O.  It  has  5  sch. 
260  scholars.    Pop.  1,467. 

Greene,  t.,  Adams  co.,  O.  Situated  on  the 
Ohio  r.    Pop.  1,086. 

Greene,  t.,  Brown  co.,  O.  It  has  1  sch.  20 
scholars.    Pop.  358. 

Greene,  t.,  Clark  co.,  O.  It  has  13  sch.  264 
scholars.    Pop.  1,059. 

Greene,  t.,  Clinton  co.,  O.  Drained  by  East 
Fork  and  Todd's  Fork  of  Miami  r.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $4,675  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tan- 
nery, 2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$4,500.     11  sch.  695  scholars.    Pop.  1,833. 

Greene,  t,  Columbiana  co.,  O.,  9  n.  New  Lis- 
bon.   It  has  2  sch.,  50  scholars.    Pop.  1,612. 

Greene,  t.,  Gallia  co.,  O.  It  has  4  stores,  1 
fulling  m.,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$2,950.    Pop.  1,047. 

Greene,  t.,  Hocking  co.,  O.  Situated  on  both 
sides  of  Hockhocking  r.  It  has  3  sch.  86  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,189. 

Greene,  t.,  Fayette  co.,  O.  Drained  by  Rat- 
tlesnake fork  of  Paint  cr.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$4,000;  1  distillery,  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $2,500.  12  sch.  240 
scholars.    Pop.  1,622. 

Greene,  t.,  Shelby  co.,  O.  It  has  1  tannery, 
3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures  $1,800.  Pod. 
762.  V 

Greene,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  O.  It  has  2  grist  m., 
2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  •manufac  $3,300.  1  sch.  16 
scholars.     Pop.  1,751. 

Greene,  t.,  la.    Pop.  99. 

Greene,  p-o.,  Cape  Girardeau  co.,  Mo.,  214  s. 
e.  Jefferson  city.    Situated  on  Crooked  cr. 

Green  Oak,  t.,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.    It  has 
32 


1  flouring  m.,  3  saw  m.    Can.  in  manufac.  $10,500 
6  sch.  148  scholars.     Pop.  764. 

Greene,  t.,  Iowa  co.,  Wis.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $6,000 ;  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $6,400.    Pop.  933. 

Greene,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  la.  It  has  1  tan- 
nery, 1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$2,250.    Pop.  837. 

Greene,  t.,  Polk  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  599. 

Greene,  t.,  Livingston  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  397. 

Greenfield,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  Me.  It  has  1 
saw  m.     1  sch.  8  scholars.    Pop.  223. 

Greenfield,  p-t.,  Hillsboro*  co.,  N.  H.,  35  s. 
w.  Concord,  454  W.  Contoocook  r.  runs  on  its 
w.  boundary.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  the 
soil  generally  fertile.  The  hills  are  adapted  to 
grazing,  and  the  valleys  to  tillage.  Incorporated 
in  1791.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $6,000 ;  2  tanner- 
ies, 6  powder  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,722.  11 
sch.  226  scholars.    Pop.  834. 

Greenfield,  p-t.,  capital  of  Franklin  co., 
Mass.,  92  w.  Boston,  402  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Connecticut  r.  Incorporated  in  1753. 
Watered  by  Green  r.,  which  enters  Deerfield  r., 
and  affords  good  water  power.  The  v.  is  pleas- 
antly situated,  and  neatly  built,  and  contains  4 
churches — 2  Congregational,  1  Episcopal,  and  1 
Methodist — a  young  ladies'  seminary,  and  has 
considerable  trade  and  manufactures.  There  are 
in  the  t.  14  stores,  cap.  $41,500;  6  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac  384  sp.,  1  tannery,  3 
printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers,  2  grist  m., 
1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $92,128.  2  acad. 
57  students,  8  sch.  486  scholars.     Pop.  1,756. 

Greenfield,  t.,  Saratoga  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  n. 
Ballston  Spa,  40  n.  by  w.  Albany.  The  surface 
is  hilly  and  mountainous ;  the  soil  productive, 
and  well  cultivated.  Drained  by  Kayaderosseras 
cr.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $4,600 ;  2  fulling  m.,  4 
tanneries,  1  paper  fac,  2  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $25,432.  4  sch.  186  scholars.  Pop. 
2,803. 

Greenfield,  p-t.,  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  352  n.  Harris- 
burg, 284  W.  Drained  by  the  n.  branch  of 
French  cr.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  10  sch. 
696  scholars.    Pop.  862. 

Greenfield,  t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  30  n.  e. 
Wilkesbarre.  The  Susquehanna  r.  runs  on  its  n. 
boundary.  The  soil  is  fertile,  but  better  adapted 
to  grazing  than  to  grain.  The  village  of  Carbon- 
dale  is  near  its  e.  border.  Drained  by  Elkwood 
brook,  and  the  branches  of  Tunkhannock  and 
Lackawannock  rivers.  It  has  3  flouring  m.,  2 
saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,400.    Pop.  1,430. 

Greenfield,  t.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  23  n.  Bed- 
ford. The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  clay  and  loam. 
It  has  the  Alleghany  mountain  w.,  Dunning's 
mountain  e.,  ana  spurs  of  the  Alleghany  n.  e., 
which  extend  into  it.  Drained  by  Bob's  and 
Dunning's  creeks,  and  by  the  Frankstown,  or  s. 
w.  branch  of  Juniata  r.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$2,500 ;  1  furnace,  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  dis- 
tillery, 1  pottery,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $9,070.  1  sch.  32  scholars.  Pop. 
1,830. 

Greenfield,  p-v.,  Madison  t.,  Highland  co.,  O., 
72  s.  w.  Columbus,  427  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
bank  of  Paint  cr.  It  contains  4  churches — 1 
Presbyterian,  1  Methodist,  1  Baptist,  and  1  As- 
sociate Reformed — 9  stores,  2  tanneries,  30  me- 
chanic shops,  and  about  600  inhabitants.  Ad- 
joining the  v.  are  fine  limestone  quarries,  suitable 
for  building.  There  are  in  the  vicinity  1  woollen 
fac,  1  grist  m.,  and  1  saw  m. 

Greenfield,  t.,  Fairfield  co.,  O.  It  has  fine 
land.  The  Lancaster  lateral  canal  passes  diag- 
onally through  it.    Pop.  2,138. 


GRE 


250 


GRE 


Greenfield,  t.,  Gallia  co.,  O.  Watered  by 
Svmme's  cr.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $1,800.     Pop.  639. 

Greenfield,  t.,  Huron  co.,  O.,  106  n.  by  e. 
Columbus.    It  has   10  sch.  330  scholars.     Pop. 

'  Greenfield,  p-v.,  Nelson  co.,  Va.,  107  w.  by 
N.  Richmond,  149  W.  • 

Greenfield,  p-v.,  capital  of  Hancock  co.,  la., 
20  e.  Indianapolis,  531  W.  It  is  situated  on  the 
National  road,  i  m.  w.  of  Brandywme  cr.,  and 
contains  a  court  house,  a  Methodist  church,  a 
seminary,  and  about  200  inhabitants.  There  are 
in  the  t.  1  saw  m.,  1  sch.  8  scholars.    Pop.  223. 

Greenfield,  t.,  La  Grange  co.,  la.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $4,000.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $80.  1 
acad.  50  students,  1  sch.  43  scholars.    Pop.  562. 

Greenfield,  p-v.,  Greene  co.,  111.,  60  s.  w. 
Springfield,  832  W.  Situated  in  String  Prairie, 
and  contains  2  stores,  a  carding  machine,  and 
about  15  dwellings. 

Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  199  e. 


,  Shelby  co..  Mo. 
Situated  1  m.  i 


136  n.  Jef- 
.  of  South 


capital  of  Dade  co.,  Mo. 


6  n.  w. 
It  has 


Greenfield,  p-v. 

Nashville,  394  W. 
Greenfield,  p-v. 

ferson  city,  950  W. 

Fabius  r. 
Greenfield,  p-v 

150  s.  w.  Jefferson  city. 
Greenfield,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  Mich. 

Detroit,  530  W.    Iron  ore  is  found  here 

lsawm.    Pop.  733. 
Greenfield,  p-v.,  Milwaukee  co.,  Wis.,  92  e 

Madison,  814  W. 
Greenfield  Centre,  p-o.,  Greenfield  t.,  Sar 

atoga  co.,  N.  Y.,  40  n.  Albany,  410  W. 
Greenfield's  Mills,  p-o.,  Frederick  co.,  Md. 

86  n.  w.  Annapolis,  54  W. 
Greenford,  p-o.,  Green  t.,  Columbiana  co. 

O.,  158  n.  e.  Columbus,  294  W. 
Green  Grove,  p-o.,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  190 

w.  N.  w.  Harrisburg,  242  W. 
Green  Grove,  t.,  Ray  co.,  Mo.    It  has  2  sch 

46  scholars.    Pop.  564. 
Green  Hill,  p-o.,  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  132  w 

s.  w.  Richmond,  219  W. 
Green  Hill,  p-o.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.,  146  n 

e.  Columbus,  294  W. 
Green  Hill,  p-o.,  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  14  e. 

Nashville,  607  W. 
Greenland,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.,  45 

e.  s.  E.  Concord,  488  W.  Originally  a  part  of 
Portsmouth ;  incorporated  in  1703.  The  soil  is 
very  fertile.  It  extensively  supplies  Portsmouth 
with  vegetables  and  fruit.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$2,900;  1  fulling  m.,  3  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  5  sch. 
136  scholars.    Pop.  726. 

Greenland,  p-o.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  41  E. 
Harrisburg,  115  W. 
Greenland,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  111. 
Green  Mountains,  Vt.,  a  range  of  mountains 
which  commences  near  New  Haven,  Ct.,  and 
extends  through  Connecticut,  Massachusetts,  and 
the  middle  of  Vermont,  between  Lake  Cham- 
plain  and  Connecticut  r.  In  Washington  co., 
Vt.,  it  throws  off  a  branch  of  inferior  height  to  the 
N.  E.,  called  the  height  of  land  dividing  the  wa- 
ters which  flow  into  the  Connecticut  from  those 
which  flow  into  lakes  Memphremagog  and 
Champlain  ;  while  the  main  branch  continues  n. 
and  is  pierced  by  the  large  rivers  which  flow  in- 
to Lake  Champlain.  The  loftiest  summits  are 
Mansfield  mountain,  4,279  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea,  and  Camel's  Rump,  4,188  feet.  The  for- 
mer is  a  little  n.,  and  the  latter  a  little  s.,  of  the 
road  from  Burlington  to  Montpelier,  which  passes 
through  this  great  chain,  in  the  valley  of  Onion 
r.,  without  encountering  any  high  hills,  and  in 


like  manner  passes  down  White  r.  to  Connecti- 
cut r. 

Green  Oak,  p-t.,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  41  w. 
by  n.  Detroit,  538  W. 

Greenock,  p-v.,  Crittenden  co.,  Ark.,  148  n. 
e.  Little  Rock,  933  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank 
of  the  Mississippi  r. 

Green  Plains,  p-o.,  Northampton  co.,  N.  C, 
90  n.  by  e.  Raleigh,  204  W. 

Green  Plains,  p-o.,  Hancock  co.,  111.,  139  w. 
n.  w.  Springfield,  897  W. 

Greenport,  t.,  Columbia  co.,  N.  Y.,  2  s.  Hud- 
son, 30  s.  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil, 
gravel,  clay  and  loam.  Hudson  r.  runs  on  its  w. 
border.  It  has  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  3 
sch.  143  scholars.     Pop.  1,161. 

Greenport,  p-v.,  Southold  t.,  Suffolk  co.,  N. 
Y.,  246  s.  e.  Albany,  326  W.  Situated  near  the 
n.  e.  end  of  Long  Island.  Incorporated  in  1838. 
It  contains  3  churches,  several  stores,  100  dwel- 
lings, and  about  700  inhabitants.  Here  are 
owned  several  whale  ships,  besides  a  consider- 
able number  of  smaller  vessels,  engaged  in  the 
coasting  trade.  The  harbor  will  admit  the 
largest  ships,  well  sheltered  from  storms,  and  is 
rarely  obstructed  by  ice.  The  Long  Island  rail- 
road will  terminate  here,  93  ms.  from  Brooklyn, 
and  24  by  water  from  Stonington. 

Green,  r.,  Ky.,  rises  in  Lincoln  co.,  and  after 
a  course  generally  w.  and  n.  w.,  enters  the  Ohio, 
50  ms.  above  the  mouth  of  Cumberland  r.,  and 
200  below  Louisville.  It  is  200  yards  wide  at  its 
mouth,  and  is  boatable  for  nearly  200  miles. 

Green  River,  p-o.,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  131  s 
Montpelier,  426  W. 

Green  River,  p-o.,  Hillsdale  t.,  Columbia  co., 
N.  Y.,  35  s.  s.  e.  Albany,  363  W. 

Green  River,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,  111.,  144  n.  w. 
Springfield,  873  W 

Green's,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Ala.,  61  n.  e.  Tus- 
caloosa, 771  W. 

Green's,  p-o.,  Grayson  co.,  Ky.,  129  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  671  W. 

Greensboro',  p-t.,  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  29  n.  n.  e. 
Montpelier,  545  W.  Chartered  in  1781.  The 
surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  moderately  good.  Drain- 
ed by  the  head  waters  of  Lamoille  r.  The  out- 
let of  Caspian  lake  affords  water  power.  It  has 
1  store,  cap.  $3,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  grist  m.,  3 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,200.  7  sch.  95 
scholars.    Pop.  883. 

Greensboro',  p-v.,  Greene  co.,  Pa.,  196  w.  by 
s.  Harrisburg,  204  W. 

Greensboro',  p-v.,  Caroline  co.,  Md.,  59  E. 
Annapolis,  99  W. 

Greensboro',  p-v.,  Greene  co.,  Ky.,  89  s.  s. 
w.  Frankfort,  611  W. 

Greensboro',  p-o.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va.,  117 
s.  s.  w.  Richmond,  230  W.  This  has  been  a 
place  of  considerable  business,  but  is  now  occu- 
pied by  a  single  private  residence,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  a  public  house. 

Greensboro',  p-v.,  capital  of  Guilford  co.,  N. 
C,  82  w.  n.  w.  Raleigh,  303  W.  Situated  be- 
tween the  n.  and  s.  branches  of  Buffalo  cr.  It 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a  church,  the  Cald- 
well Institute,  and  several  neat  dwellings. 

Greensboro  ,  p-v.,  capital  of  Greene  co.,  Ga., 
44  n.  by  e.  Milledgeville,  604  W.  Situated  on 
the  Georgia  railroad.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  banking  house,  3  churches— 1  Presbyterian, 
1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist— 8  stores,  55  dwell- 
ings, and  763  inhabitants. 

Greensboro',  p-v.,  Greene  county,  Ala.,  40  s. 
Tuscaloosa,  852  W.    Situated  in  a  rich  cotton 
district. 
Greensboro',  p-v.,  capital  of  Choctaw  county, 


GRE 


251 


GRE 


Miss.,  110  n.  k.  Jackson,  945  W.  It  is  situated 
on  one  of  the  head  branches  of  Big  Black  river. 

Gkkkxsboro',  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  la.,  40  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 541  W. 

Grkknsburg,  p-b.,  capital  of  Westmoreland  co., 
Pa.,  IBS  \v.  Ilarrisburg,  194  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  county  offices,  5  churches — 1 
Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Dutch  Reformed,  1 
Covenanter,  1  Methodist— 1  academy,  1  female 
seminary,  and  130  dwellings.  It  has  11  stores, 
cap.  $44,800 ;  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac.  $2,500.    4  sch.  147  scholars.     Pop.  800. 

Greensburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  St.  Helena  par., 
La.,  75  n.  by  w.  New  Orleans,  1,150  W.  Situ- 
ated on  the  w.  side  of  Tickfaw  r.  It  has  a  court 
house,  a  U.  S.  land  office,  and  several  dwellings. 

Greensburg,  p-v.,  Green  t.,  Trumbull  county, 
O.,  185  n.  e.  Columbus,  319  W.  It  contains  2 
stores,  several  mechanic  shops,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.,  115  dwellings,  and  about  650  inhabitants. 

Greensburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Decatur  co.,  la., 
47  s.  e.  Indianapolis,  550  W.  Situated  on  the 
"  Michigan  Road."  It  contains  a  court  house,  7 
stores,  and  about  800  inhabitants. 

Green's  Fork,  p-o.,  Washington  t.,  Wayne 
co.,  la.,  69  e.  Indianapolis,  513  W. 

Green's  Fork,  t.,  Randolph  co.,  la.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $2,700 ;  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,805.  3  sch.  95  scholars. 
1,573. 


Pop. 

Green  Spring,  p-o.,  Seneca  co.,  O.,  101  n. 
Columbus,  419  W. 

Green's  Store,  p-o.,  Lawrence  co.,  O.,  130  s. 
by  e.  Columbus,  414  W. 

Greenstown,  p-v.,  Lake  t.,  Stark  co.,  O.,  133 
N.  e.  Columbus,  322  W. 

Greenton,  p-o.,  La  Fayette  co.,  Mo.,  134  n. 
w.  Jefferson  city,  1,057  W. 

Greentree  Grove,  p-o.,  Stewart  co.,  Tenn., 
86  n.  w.  Nashville,  744  W. 

Greenup,  co.,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  n.  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  768  sq.  miles.  Drained 
by  Little  Sandy  and  Tyger's  creeks.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly,  and  the  land  along  the  streams  is 
rich.  The  hills  contain  much  coal  and  iron  ore. 
Capital,  Greenupsburg.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle,  4,096,  sheep  4,619,  swine  9,131 ;  wheat 
11,635  bushels  produced,  Ind.  corn  189,800,  oats 
30,465,  potatoes  5,410,  tobacco  3,000  pounds,  sugar 
4,925;  15  stores,  cap.  $49,000;  10  furnaces,  2 
forges,  3  tanneries,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$15,130.  11  sch.  225  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
5,479,  slaves  754,  free  col'd  64  ;  total,  6,297. 

Greenupsburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Greenup  co., 
Ky.,  146  e.  Frankfort,  429  W.  Situated  on  the 
s.  bank  of  Ohio  r.,  at  the  entrance  of  Little  Sandy 
r.  It  has  a  court  house,  seminary,  and  about 
300  inhabitants. 

Greenup,  p-o.,  Coles  co.,  111.,  Ill  Springfield, 
689  W. 

Green  Village,  p-v.,  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  91  n. 
w.  Augusta,  636  W. 

Greensville,  county,  Va.  Situated  on  the  s. 
toward  the  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  325 
square  miles.  Organized  from  Brunswick  co.,  in 
1784.  Drained  by  Brunswick  and  Meherin  rs. 
Nottaway  r.  runs  on  its  n.  border.  Capital, 
Hicksford.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
5,436,  sheep  4.865,  swine  15,696;  wheat  8,860 
bushels  produced,  Ind.  corn  229,510,  oats  92,943, 
potatoes  10,655,  tobacco  346,100  pounds,  cotton 
572,629;  6  stores,  cap.  $38,700;  1  tannery,  11 
grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $27,400.  1  acad.  30 
students,  9  schools,  170  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
1,928,  slaves  4,102,  free  col'd  136 ;  total,  6,366. 

Greenville,  district,  S.  C,  situated  in  the  n. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  705  sq.  ma.    Tho 


surface  is  various,  and  the  soil  fertile.  Drained 
by  the  branches  of  Saluda  r.,  which  runs  on  its 
s.  w.  border,  and  those  of  Ennoree.  Capital, 
Greenville.  Therr  were  in  1810,  neat  cattle 
11,518,  sheep  6,515,  swine  26,452;  wheat  37,644 
bushels  produced,  rye  2,692,  Ind.  corn  418,940, 
oats  49,259,  potatoes  18,641,  tobacco  1,500  pounds, 
cotton  137,765  ;  36  stores,  cap.  $104,250  ;  4  cotton 
fac  1,964  sp.,  7  tanneries,  10  distilleries,  8  flour- 
ing m.,  65  grist  m.,  42  saw  m.,  I  paper  fac,  2 
printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $108,800.  3  acad.  149  students,  23 
sch.  524  scholars.  Pop.  whites  12,491,  slaves 
5,305,  free  col'd  43  ;  total,  17,839. 

Greenville,  p-t.,  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.,  91  N. 
e.  Augusta,  636  W.  Situated  at  the  s.  end  of 
Moosehead  lake.  It  has  1  store,  1  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.,  2  sch.  51  scholars.    Pop.  128. 

Greenville,  p-v.,  Providence  co.,  R.  I.,  9  w. 
Providence,  402  W. 

Greenville,  p-t.,  Greene  co.,  N.  Y.,  29  s.  by 
w.  Albany,  361  W.  The  surface  is  broken  and 
hilly ;  soil,  clay  loam,  adapted  to  grass.  Drained 
by  Provost  and  Catskill  creeks.  It  has  9  stores, 
cap.  $19,600 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  dis- 
tillery, 1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$15,850.  13  sch.  401  scholars.  Pop.  2,338. 

Greenville,  p-v.,  Green  t.,  Sussex  co.,  N.  J., 
71  n.  Trenton,  232  W.  It  contains  1  store,  1  tan- 
nery, and  12  or  15  dwellings. 

Greenville,  p-o.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  159  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  263  W. 

Greeneville,  p-t,  Somerset  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1 
distillery,  20  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $2,200. 
Pop.  572. 

Greenville,  p-v.,  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  123  w.  n. 
w.  Richmond,  165  W.  South  r.  runs  through  the 
t.,  affording  water  power.  It  contains  3  stores, 
1  flouring  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  various 
mechanic  shops,  1  academy,  50  or  60  dwellings, 
and  about  300  inhabitants. 

Greenville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Pitt  co.,  N.  C, 
102  e.  by  s.  Raleigh,  721  W.  Situated  on  the  s. 
side  of  Tar  r.,  35  ms.  above  its  entrance  into 
Pamlico  sound.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
an  academy,  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Greenville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Meriwether  co., 
Ga.,  102  w.  Milledgeville,  721 W.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist 
church,  10  stores,  and  47  dwellings. 

Greenville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Butler  co.,  Ala., 
aloe 


141  s.  s.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  883  W.    Situated  on  the 
w.  side  of  Sepulgah  r. 

Greenville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Clark  co.,  Ark., 
78  s.  w.  Little  Rock,  1,143  W. 

Greenville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn., 
258  e.  Nashville,  437  W.  It  contains  Greenville 
College, founded  in  1794,  has  a  president  and  pro- 
fessor, 110  alumni,  41  students,  and  3,000  vols,  in 
its  libraries.  The  commencement  is  on  the  3d 
Wednesday  in  September.  This  is  one  of  the 
oldest  colleges  w.  of  the  Alleghany  mountains. 

Greenville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Muhlenburg  co., 
Ky.,  105  w.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  717  W.  Situated 
on  a  branch  of  Green  r. 

Greenville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Darke  co.,  O.,  91 
w.  Columbus,  485  W.  Located  on  the  site  of 
old  Fort  Greenville,  where  Gen.  Wayne  con- 
cluded the  celebrated  treaty  of  peace  with  the 
Indians,  in  1795.  Situated  just  below  the  junc- 
tion of  Greenville  and  Mud  creeks,  and  has  a 
handsome  court  house,  jail,  3  churches— 1  Bap- 
tist, 1  Methodist,  and  1  Unitarian.  Pop.  of  the  t. 
2,006.  and  about  500  inhabitants. 

Greenville,  p-v.,  Floyd  co.,  la..  Ill  s.  In- 
dianapolis, 612  W.  It  has  3  stores,  1  mill,  a 
carding  machine,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 


GRE 


252 


GRI 


Greenville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Bond  co.,  111., 
74  s.  Springfield,  758  W.  Situated  on  the  bast 
fork  of  Shoal  cr.  It  has  a  court  house,  4  stores, 
various  mechanic  shops,  and  about  250  inhab- 

Greenville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Wayne  co.,  Mo., 
113  s.  E.  Jefferson  city,  917  W.  Situated  on  the 
w.  bank  of  the  St.  Francis  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  a  few  stores,  and  several  dwellings. 

Greenville,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Greenville 
dist.,  S.  C.,  107  w.  n.  w.  Columbia,  502  W.  Situ- 
ated near  the  head  of  Reedy  r.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  market  house,  3  churches — 1 
Baptist,  1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist— 1  male  and 
1  female  academy,  12  stores,  110  dwellings,  and 
945  inhabitants. 

Greenville,  t.,  Saline  co.  Mo.  It  has  2  sch. 
47  scholars.    Pop.  451. 

Greenwich,  p-t.,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  75  w. 
Boston,  391  W.  Watered  by  Swift  r.,  which 
affords  water  power.  Incorporated  in  1754.  It 
has  2  stores,  cap.  $3,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$17,700.    7  sch.  287  scholars.     Pop.  824. 

Greenwich,  p-t.,  Fairfield  co.,  Ct.,  82  s.  w. 
Hartford,  258  W.  Watered  by  Byram  r.,  which 
enters  Long  Island  sound,  on  the  boundary  be- 
tween Connecticut  and  New  York,  and  Miannus 
r.  The  surface  is  rough  and  uneven,  and  the 
soil  is  productive.  It  furnishes  many  beautiful 
views  of  the  sound,  and  has  several  fine  landing 
places.  Incorporated  by  the  Dutch  in  1665,  and 
claimed  by  New  York.  It  has  13  stores,  capital 
$34,400 ;  1  forge,  3  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$9,800.    6  sch.  326  scholars.     Pop.  3,921. 

Greenwich,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  N.  Y.,  35 
N.  n.  e.  Albany,  410  W.  The  surface  is  uneven ; 
soil,  a  fertile  gravelly  loam.  Hudson  r.  runs  on 
its  w.  border,  and  Battenkill  r.  on  its  s.  It  has  8 
stores,  cap.  $50,700 ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac, 
1  pottery,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper, 
5  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,100. 
1  acad.  50  students,  15  sen.  393  scholars.  Pop. 
3,382. 

Greenwich,  Warren  co.,  N.  J.,  10  s.  Bel- 
videre.  The  surface  is  hilly,  embracing  South 
mountain ;  soil,  productive.  Drained  by  Lopat- 
cong,  Pohatcong,  and  Musconetcong  crs.,  flowing 
into  Delaware  r.,  which  bounds  it  on  the  w.  Mor- 
ris canal  crosses  the  t.  It  contains  marble,  soap- 
stone,  and  iron.  It  has  17  stores,  cap.  $77,300 ; 
3  lumber  yards,  cap.  $20,000 ;  1  tannery,  4  flour- 
ing m.,  6  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.,  4  oil  m.,  1  brewery. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $127,900.  13  sch.  911  scholars. 
Pop.  2,902. 

Greenwich,  t.,  Gloucester  co.,  N.  J.,  7  s.  w. 
Woodbury.  Drained  by  Mantua,  Repaupo,  Clon- 
mel,  Crab,  and  Racoon  creeks.  It  contains  12 
stores,  cap.  $20,650 ;  1  woollen  fac,  1  distillery, 
4  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $41,150. 
9  sch.  762  scholars.    Pop.  2,958. 

Greenwich,  p-t.,  Cumberland  co.,  N.  J.,  73  s. 
s.  w.  Trenton,  184  W.  The  surface  is  level ; 
soil,  generally  clay  and  deep  rich  loam,  and  well 
cultivated.  Watered  by  Newport,  Stow,  Cohan- 
sey,  Mill,  and  Pine  Mount  creeks.  There  are  in 
the  t.  3  stores,  cap.  $8,500 ;  1  distillery,  1  tan- 
nery, 1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,362.  3 
sch.  105  scholars.     Pop.  918. 

Greenwich,  t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  18  n.  e.  Read- 
ing. The  surface  is  hilly,  and  the  soil  gravelly 
loam.  Sacony  cr.,  a  branch  of  Meriden  cr.,  flows 
on  its  s.  border,  and  receives  Mill  creek,  and 
other  small  tributaries,  which  afford  water  power 
It  has  1  church,  3  stores,  cap.  $4,500 ;  1  forge,  2 
tanneries,  1  pottery,  5  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  1  oil  ra. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,815.    Pop.  1,629. 


Greenwich,  p-t.,  Huron  co.,  O.,  93  n.  by  E.  Co- 
lumbus, 384  W.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $30,000  ;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $41,600.     5  sch.  194  scholars.     Pop.  1,116. 

Greenwich  Village,  p-v.,  Greenwich  t, 
Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  73  w.  Boston,  393  W. 

Greenwood,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  54  w.  Au- 
gusta, 598  W.  It  is  a  good  agricultural  t.,  with  a 
fertile  soil.  Incorporated  in  1815.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $2,400  ;  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac $5,000.  307  scholars  in  schools.  Pop.  836. 
Greenwood,  p-t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  253  w. 
by  s.  Albany,  318  W.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
the  soil  adapted  to  grazing.  Drained  by  Ben- 
nett's cr.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $3,000  ;  1  tannery, 
1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,010. 
12  sch.  351  scholars.     Pop.  1,138. 

Greenwood,  p-t.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  92  n.  n. 
e.  Harrisburg,  202  W.  Drained  by  tributaries  of 
Fishing  cr.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $12,500 ;  2  full- 
ing m.,  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  6  grist  m.,  13  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,660.  5  sch.  200  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,217. 

Greenwood,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $1,000 ;  2  distilleries,  3  grist  m.,  9  saw 
m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,070.  Pop.  1,171. 
Greenwood,  t.,  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  10  n.  e.  Bloom- 
field.  It  has  10  stores,  cap.  $21,800;  1  fulling 
m.,  3  tanneries,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  news- 
papers, 1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $19,025.  3  sch.  153  scholars.  Pop 
725. 

Greenwood,  t.,  Juniata  co.,  Pa.  Situated  on 
the  w.  side  of  the  Susquehanna  r.  It  contains  9 
sch.  324  scholars.    Pop.  1,237. 

Greenwood,  p-v.,  Laurens  dist.,  S.  C,  81  N. 
w.  Columbia,  505  W. 

Greenwood,  p-v.,  Johnson  co.,  la.,  10  s.  In- 
dianapolis, 586  W.  It  has  an  academy  and  a  few 
dwellings. 

Greenwood,  p-v.,  Caddo  parish,  La.,  150  n. 
w.  New  Orleans,  1,300  W. 

Greersburg,  p-v.,  or  Darlington,  11  n.  w.  Bea- 
ver, in  the  s.  w.  angle  of  Little  Beaver  t.,  Pa.  It 
contains  1  Presbyterian  church,  4  stores,  1  acad- 
emy, and  60  or  70  dwellings. 

Gregg,  t.,  Centre  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  \s 
mountainous ;  soil,  calcareous  loam,  and  fertile  in 
the  valleys.  Watered  by  Sinking  cr.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $12,000 ;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $6,000.  7  sch.  245  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,671. 

Greig,  t.,  Lewis  co.,  N.  Y.  The  surface  is 
hilly  and  broken ;  soil,  various.  It  is  drained  by 
Otter  and  Fish  creeks,  and  Moose  r.  It  has  1 
tannery,  1  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$100.    8  sch.  248  scholars.     Pop.  592. 

Greigsville,  p-o.,  York  t.,  Livingston  co.,  N 
Y.,  234  w.  Albany,  351  W. 

Grenada,  p-v.,  Yalabusha  co.,  Miss.,  113  n. 
Jackson,  958  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of  the 
Yalabusha  r.  It  contains  a  U.  S.  land  office,  and 
several  stores  and  dwellings. 
Grey  Rock,  p-o.,  Harford  co.,  Md. 
Griffin,  p-v.,  Pike  co.,  Ga.,  80  vv.  Milledge- 
ville,  684  W.  Situated  on  the  Monroe  railroad, 
58  n.  w.  Macon. 

Griffinsburg,  p-v.,  Culpepper  co.,  Va.,  106  n. 
w.  Richmond,  90  W.     It  contains. 1  store. 

Griffin's  Hollow,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Ala., 
195  n.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  683  W. 

Griffin's  Mills,  p-v.,  Aurora  t,  Erie  co.,  N. 
Y.,  283  w.  Albany,  368  W.  Situated  on  Caze- 
nove  cr.,  and  has  1  church,  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.,  and  about  20  dwellings. 

Griggstown,  p-y.,  Franklin  t.,  Somerset  co., 
N.  J.,  20  n.  n.  e.  Trenton,  194  W.    Situated  on 


GRO 


253 


GUE 


the  e.  side  of  Millstone  r.  The  Delaware  and 
Raritan  canal  passes  through  it,  It  has  1  store, 
and  6  or  8  dwellings.  A  copper  mine  has  been 
wrought  in  the  vicinity  of  this  place,  without 
much  succes.8. 

Griggsville,  p-v.,  Pike  co.,  111.,  61  w.  Spring- 
field, 841  W.  Situated  4  w.  of  Phillip's  ferry,  on 
Illinois  r.,  on  high  ground,  near  the  margin  of  a 
large  undulating  prairie. 

Grimsvii.le,  p-o.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  77  e.  Harris- 
burg,  169  W. 

Grisson's  Cotton  Gin,  p-o.,  Christian  co., 
Ky.,  186  w.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  723  W. 

Griswold,  p-t.,  New  London  co.,  Ct.,  50  e.  s. 
e.  Hartford,  368  W.  Taken  from  the  n.  part  of 
Preston,  in  1815.  Quinebaug  r.  runs  on  its  w. 
border,  and,  at  Jewett  city,  a  romantic  manufac- 
turing village,  containing  about  1,000  inhabit- 
ants, it  affords  extensive  water  power.  Pochaug  r. 
passes  through  the  t.,  and  enters  the  Quinebaug 
at  Jewett  city.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $11,000;  7 
cotton  fac.  9,667  sp.,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  4 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $297,450.  1  acad.  15 
students,  13  sch.  496  scholars.    Pop.  2,165. 

Griswold,  p-o.,  Hamilton  co.,  111.,  167  s.  s.  e. 
Springfield,  787  W. 

Griswold  City,  p-v.,  Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  62  e. 
Jefferson  city,  884  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  bank 
of  the  Missouri  r. 

Griswold's  Mills,  p-o.,  Fort  Ann  t.,  Wash- 
ington co.,  N.  Y.,  61  n.  n.  e.  Albany,  433  W. 

Grogansville,  p-o.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  C, 
127  n.  w.  Raleigh,  285  W. 

Grooversville,  p-o.,  Thomas  co.,  Ga.,  279  s. 
s.  w.  Milledgeville,  923  W. 

Groton,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  42  n.  n.  w. 
Concord,  510  W.  Watered  by  Baker's  r.  In- 
corporated in  1796.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,000 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $5,850.     10  sch.  295  scholars.    Pop.  870. 

Groton,  p-t.,  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  29  e.  by  s. 
Montpelier,  531  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  and 
rough,  but  it  has  some  good  land.  Drained  by 
Wells  r.  and  its  branches,  which  afford  water 
power.  It  has  several  ponds,  through  one  of 
which  Wells  r.  passes.  Chartered  in  1789.  It 
has  2  stores,  cap.  $6,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanner- 
ies, 1  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$8,950.    9  sch.  332  scholars.    Pop.  928. 

Groton,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  33  n.  w. 
Boston,  429  W.  Watered  by  Nashua  and 
Squanecook  rivers.  Chartered  in  1655.  It  has 
a  flourishing  female  seminary.  It  has  6  stores, 
cap.  $20,000 ;  1  paper  fac,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,000.  1  acad.  70  students, 
14  sch.  747  scholars.     Pop.  $2,139. 

Groton,  p-t.,  New  London  co.,  Ct.,  45  s.  e. 
Hartford,  354  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of 
Thames  r.,  at  its  mouth,  opposite  to  New  Lon- 
don. The  surface  is  hilly  and  rough,  with  some 
food  land,  particularly  on  Thames  r.  Watered 
y  Pequonnuck  and  Mystic  rivers.  It  has  a  good 
harbor  on  Mystic  r.,  and  some  whaling  and  other 
vessels  are  owned  here.  Fort  Griswold,  one  of 
the  fortifications  for  the  defence  of  the  harbor  of 
New  London,  is  on  Groton  Heights.  There  is  a 
granite  monument,  127  feet  high,  erected  to  com- 
memorate the  patriots  who  defended  this  place 
when  attacked  under  the  traitor  Arnold,  in  Sept., 
1781,  and  who  were  barbarously  killed,  mostly 
after  they  had  surrendered.  The  fort  was  com- 
manded by  Col.  Ledyard,  brother  of  the  celebra- 
ted traveller,  who  was  slain  with  his  own  sword, 
as  he  surrendered  it.  It  has  14  stores,  capital 
$22,300 ;  4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
813,710.  2  acad.  43  students,  11  sch.  759  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  2,963. 


Groton,  p-t.,  Tompkins  co.,  N.  V.,  162  w.  by 
s.  Albany,  312  W.  The  surface  is  undulating; 
soil,  a  fertile  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  Kail  cr. 
The  v.  is  situated  on  an  inlet  lo  Owasco  lake, 
and  contains  1  Baptist  and  1  Methodist  church,  a 
flourishing  academy,  4  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  3  saw 
m.,  1  furnace,  1  carding  machine,  and  1  carriage 
fac,  5:)  dwellings,  and  about  350  inhabitants. 
There  are  in  the  t.  10  stores,  cap.  $39,5  JO ;  1  fur- 
nace, 3  fulling  m.,  4  tanneries,  1  printing  office, 
1  weekly  newspaper,  1  flouring  m.,  5  grist  m.,  13 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $40,250.  1  acad.  185 
students,  21  sch.  1,217  scholars.    Pop.  3,618. 

Groton,  p-t.,  Erie  co.,  O.,  95  n.  Columbus, 
405  W.  Drained  by  Pipe  cr.  It  has  3  sch.  198 
scholars.    Pop.  854. 

Grove,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y.,  261  w.  s. 
w.  Albany,  347  W.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  the  soil  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Cashaque 
and  Canaseraga  creeks.  It  has  4  sch.  218  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  623. 

Grove,  p-o.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  75  e.  s.  e.  Har- 
risburg,  121  W. 

Grove,  t.,  Clinton  co.,  Pa.  It  has  6  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,000.    Pop.  239. 

Grove,  p-o.,  Chatham  co.,  N.  C,  20  w.  Ra- 
leigh, 318  W. 

Grove  Hill,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  N.  C,  73  n.  e. 
Raleigh,  219  W. 

Grove  Hill,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  Ga.,  85  n.  Mil- 
ledgeville. 

Grove  Hill,  p-o.,  Clark  co.,  Ala.,  129  s.  Tus- 
caloosa, 928  W. 

Groveland,  t.,  Livingston  co.,  N.  Y.,  236  w. 
Albany.  The  surface  is  elevated  and  ridgy ;  soil, 
mostly  sand  and  clay  loam.  Conesus  lake  lies 
on  its  n.  e.  border.  Drained  by  Canaseraga  cr 
It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $7,700 ;  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,533.  11  sch.  446  scholars. 
Pop.  2,000. 

Groveland,  p-t.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  44  n.  w. 
Detroit,  568  W.  It  has  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $13,533.    Pop.  655. 

Groveland,  p-v,,  Tazewell  co.,  HI.,  62  n. 
Springfield,  776  W. 

Groveland  Centre,  p-o.,  Groveland  t.,  Liv- 
ingston co.,  N.  Y,  236  w.  Albany,  341  W. 

Grove  Level,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Ga.,  105  n. 
Milledgeville,  620  W. 

Grove  Mount,  p-o.,  Dyer  co.,  Tenn. 

Groves,  p-o.,  Fayette  co.,  la.,  54  e.  Indianapo- 
lis, 525  W. 

Groveton,  p-o.,  Prince  William  co.,  Va.,  107 
n.  Richmond,  35  W. 

Grundy,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state.  It  contains  324  so.  ms.  The 
surface  is  level ;  soil,  very  fertile.  The  Illinois 
r.  takes  its  name  on  its  eastern  line,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Des  Plaines  and  the  Kankakee  rivers, 
and  passes  w.  through  the  centre  of  the  county. 
The  C.  H.  is  about  to  be  erected  on  the  n.  side 
of  the  niinois,  a  little  w.  of  the  centre  of  the 
county. 

Grundy,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  state.  The  surface  is  level,  and  slopes  to 
the  s. ;  soil,  rich  prairie  land.  Drained  by  the  E. 
fork  of  Grand  r.,  Medicine  and  Muddy  crs.  Cap- 
ital, Trenton. 

Guernsey,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  E.part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  676  sq.  ms.  Named 
from  the  island  of  Guernsey,  near  the  coast  of 
France,  from  which  a  considerable  number  of  its 
early  settlers  came.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil, 
moderately  good.  Watered  by  Wills  cr.  and  its 
branches.  Grapes,  from  which  wine  is  made, 
have  been  successfully  cultivated  on  the  sides 
of  its  hills,  which  also  afford  good  pasturage 


GUI 


254 


GUY 


Partita]  Cambridge.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
c;t?  e  18^ leeo  41,583,  Swine  29  868 ;  wheat 
407  319  bush,  produced,  rye  7,325 ..Indian  corn 
602  159,  buckwheat  13,773,  oats  433,741,  potatoes 
84  695.  tobacco  1,774,129  pounds,  sugar  34,420; 
bituminous  coal  55,858  bush. ;  55  stores,  capital 
$150  635 ;  18  tanneries,  8  distilleries,  2  potteries,  i 
10  flouring  m.,  59  grist  m.,  74  saw  m.,  1  printing 
office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$155,3 02.  2  colleges,  80  students,  2  acad.  83  stu- 
dents, 63  sch.  2,081  scholars.    Pop.  27,748. 

Guilderland,  p-t.,  Albany  co.,  N.  Y.,  9  w. 
Albany,  379  W.  The  surface  is  level,  and  the 
soil  indifferent.  Drained  by  Norman's  kill.  It 
has  15  stores,  cap.  $13,450;  1  fulling  m.,  1  wool- 
len fac,  1  tannery.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,950. 
650  scholars  in  sch.     Pop.  2,790. 

Guilderland  Centre,  p-o.,  Guilderland  t., 
Albany  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  w.  Albany,  382  W. 

Guildhall,  p-t.,  capital  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  71 
E.  n.  e.  Montpelier,  568  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Connecticut  r.,  across  which  here  are  2 
bridges.  The  surface  is  uneven  and  rough,  ex- 
cepting along  the  r.  First  settled  in  1764.  It 
has  some  small  streams  which  afford  mill  seats. 
The  v.,  in  the  n.  e.  corner,  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  and  a  number  of  dwellings.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $2,000  ;  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  mills. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,000.  1  acad.  61  students,  4 
sch.  120  scholars.     Pop.  470. 

Guilford,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  toward  the 
N.  w.  part  of  state,  and  contains  672  sq.  miles. 
Drained  by  the  head  waters  of  Deep  and  Haw 
rivers.  The  battle  of  Guilford  Court  House,  in 
1781,  has  been  celebrated  in  the  history  of  the 
revolutionary  war.  Capital,  Greensboro'.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  11,629,  sheep  13,462, 
swine  30,528  ;  wheat  57,728  bush,  produced,  rye 
1,090,  Ind.  corn  464,962,  oats  36,884,  potatoes 
8,136,  tobacco  8,705  pounds,  cotton  126,989  ;  30 
stores,  cap.  $124,948 ;  1  cotton  fac.  2,500  sp.,  16 
tanneries,  275  distilleries,  24  flouring  m.,  48  grist 
m.,  39  saw  m.,  4  oil  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  week- 
ly newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $216,335.  3 
acad.  152  students,  13  sch.  333  scholars.  Pop. 
1830,  18,735 ;  1840,  whites  15,891,  slaves  2,647, 
free  col'd  637  ;  total,  19,175. 

Guilford,  p-t.,  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.,  75  n.  n. 
R.  Augusta,  670  W.  It  has  a  fine  soil,  adapted  to 
wheat.  Watered  by  Piscataquis  r.  and  its  branch- 
es. It  has  a  pleasant  v.,  where  are  a  number  of 
mills.  It  has  7  sch.  404  scholars.  Population, 
892. 

Guilford,  p-t.,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  124  s.  Mont- 
pelier, 419  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  border  of  the 
state.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  both  to  grain 
and  grazing.  Watered  by  Green  r.  and  Broad 
brook,  which  afford  water  power.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $17,000  ;  1  tannery,  1  paper  fac,  2  grist  m., 
4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $49,600.  14  sch. 
496  scholars.    Pop.  1,525. 

Guilford,  p-t.,  New  Haven  co.,  Ct.,  52  s. 
Hartford,  316  W~.  First  settled  in  1639.  The 
borough  was  incorporated  in  1815,  is  pleasantly 
located,  and  the  houses  are  neat,  though  many  of 
them  are  antiquated  in  their  appearance.  It  has 
2  churches — 1  Congregational  and  1  Episcopal — 
and  150  dwellings.  This  place  is  much  resorted 
to  for  sea  air  and  bathing.  A  stone  dwelling  is 
here  standing,  built  in  1640,  and  supposed  to  be 
the  oldest  house  now  standing  in  the  United 
States.  It  has  16  stores,  cap.  $31,850  ;  1  fulling 
m.,  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $29,000.  1  acad.  60  students,  16  sch.  640 
scholars.     Pop.  2,421. 

Guilford,  p-t.,  Chenango  co.,  N.  Y.,  102  w 
Albany,  334  W.    It  has  a  hilly  and  broken  sur- 


face, and  a  fertile  soil.  Unadilla  r.  flows  on  its 
E.  boundary.  The  v.  contains  1  Presbyterian 
and  1  Methodist  church,  2  stores,  25  dwellings, 
and  about  200  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t., 
8  stores,  cap.  $24,500  ;  4  fulling  m.,  4  tanneries, 
4  grist  m.,  14  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $41,350. 
21  sch.  837  scholars.     Pop.  2,827. 

Guilford,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  6  s.  e.  Cham- 
bersburg.  The  E.  branch  of  Conecocheague  cr. 
runs  on  its  w.  boundary,  and  receives  several  tri- 
butaries, which  afford  water  power.  The  sur- 
face is  level,  and  the  soil  rests  on  limestone  and 
slate.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $14,000 ;  1  distillery, 
1  flouring  m.,  6  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $15,500.     10  sch.  367  scholars.    Pop.  3,125. 

Guilford,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  O. 

Guilford,  t.,  Medina  co.,  O.  It  has  a  good 
soil,  adapted  to  grain  and  to  grazing.  It  contains 
the  flourishing  v.  of  Seville.  There  are  in  the  t., 
1  store,  cap.  $1,100  ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,425.  9  sch.  290  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,400. 

Guilford,  t.,  Hendricks  co.,  la. 

Guilford,  v.,  Hanover  t.,  Columbiana  co.,  O 
Pop.  216.     It  has  1  sch.  40  scholars. 

Guilford,  p-o.,  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  207  E. 
Richmond,  183  W. 

Guilford  Centre,  p-v.,  Guilford  t.,  Wind- 
ham co.,  Vt.,  128  s.  Montpelier,  423  W. 

Guilford  Centre,  p-o.,  Guilford  t.,  Chenan- 
go co.,  N.  Y. 

Guineys,  p-o.,  and  depot,  Caroline  co.,  Va.,49 
N.  Richmond,  12  s.  Fredericksburg,  68  W.  Sit- 
uated on  the  Richmond  and  Potomac  railroad. 

Guionsville,  p-o.,  Dearborn  co.,  la.,  89  s.  e. 
Indianapolis,  529  W. 

Gulf,  p-o.,  Chatham  co.,  N.  C,  50  w.  s.  w. 
Raleigh,  338  W.    Situated  on  the  n.  side  of  Deep 

Gulf  Mills,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  88  e. 
Harrisburg,  153  W. 

Gullitsville,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Ga.,  60  w. 
Milledgeville,  667  W.  Situated  near  the  mouth 
of  Towelagga  r.  It  contains  an  academy,  2 
stores,  and  several  dwellings. 

Gulley,  p-o.,  Darlington  dist.,  S.  C,  116  E.  n. 
e.  Columbia,  456  W. 

Gum  Branch,  p-o.,  Darlington  dist.,  fc>.  C,  100 
e.  n.  e.  Columbia,  482  W. 

Gum  Spring,  p-o.,  Louisa  co.,  Va.,  34  n.  w. 
Richmond,  157  W.  - '   ^         . 

Gum  Spring,  p-o.,  Clinton  co.,  111.,  86  s.  Sprmg- 
field,  761 W.  ^T  ^         ' 

Gum  Swamp,  p-o.,  Columbus  co.,  N.  C,  145  s 
Raleigh,  433  W. 

Gum  Tree,  p-o.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  68  e.  s.  e. 
Harrisburg,  112  W. 

Gustavus,  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  190  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 313  W.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
the  soil  adapted  to  grain  and  to  grazing.  There 
is  not  a  waste  acre  of  land  in  the  t.  Drained  by 
branches  of  Beaver  r.  It  contains  1  Presbyte- 
rian and  1  Methodist  church.  It  has  10  sch.  450 
scholars.     Pop.  1,195. 

Gustavus,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  245  e. 
Nashville,  448  W. 

Guthriesville,  p-o.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  bd  e. 
s.  e.  Harrisburg. 

Guthriesville,  p-o.,  York  dist.,  S.  C,  li  n. 
Columbia,  437  W.  ,      .  :* 

Guyan,  t,  Gallia  co.,  O.    Organized  in  1826, 
and  watered  by  a  creek  of  the  same  name 
has  1  store,  cap.  $2,000.     Pop.  343. 

Guyandotte,  r.,  Va.,  rises  in  Logan  co.,  and 
flows  n.  N.  w.,  and  passes  through  Cabell  co., 
and  enters  the  Ohio  below  Barbersville.  It  is 
i  about  100  ms.  long.    Little  Guyandotte  r.  enters 


It 


HAD 


255 


HAE 


the  Ohio  between  the  above  and  Great  Kanawha 
rivers. 

Guyandotte,  p-v.,  Cabell  co.,  Va.,  359  w.  n. 
w.  Richmond,  396  W.  Situated  on  the  Ohio  r., 
at  the  entrance  of  Guyandotte  r.,  on  the  point  of 
land  between  these  rivers,  and  contains  1  church, 
free  to  all  denominations,  5  stores,  1  steam  grist 
m.  and  saw  m.,  1  carding  machine,  1  tannery, 
various  mechanic  shops,  50  dwellings,  and  about 
300  inhabitants. 

Guys  Mills,  p-o.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  246  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  319  W. 

Guysville,  p-o.,  Athens  co.,  O.,  86  s.  E.  Co- 
lumbus, 335  W. 

Gwinnett,  county,  Ga.  Situated  centrally 
toward  the  N.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  648 
sq.  ms.  Watered  by  branches  of  Chattahoochee, 
Ocmulgee,  and  Oconee  rivers,  and  divides  the 


waters  which  (low  into  the  Atlantic,  from 
which  flow  into  the  Golf  »>i  Mexico.  Capital, 
Lawrenceville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
h,792,  sheep  4.525,  twine  18,487;  wheat  47,011 
bush,  produced,  rye  764,  Ind.  corn  :H7,7(*>1.  oatt 
53,599,  potatoes  9,799,  tobacco  2JMS8  pound*,  cot- 
ton 45,297  ;  19  stores,  cap.  $45,900;  2  tann< 
21  distilleries,  33  grist  m.,  18  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $2,805.  2  acad.  81  students,  11  sell. 
224  scholars.  Pop.  whites  8,552,  slaves  2,238, 
free  col'd  14 ;  total,  10,804. 

Gwynned,  p-t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  95  B. 
Harrisburg,  159  W.  The  surface  is  rolling  ;  soil, 
sandy  loam.  Watered  by  Wissahickon  and 
Towamensing  creeks.  It  has  a  church  in  the 
centre  of  the  t.  It  contains  4  stores,  cap.  $5,500 ; 
3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1  acad.  50  students,  1  sch. 
30  scholars.    Pop.  1,589. 


H. 


Habersham,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  n. 
e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  760  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  mountainous.  Turoree  r.,  a  branch  of 
Tugaloo  r.,  runs  on  its  N.  e.  boundary.  Watered 
by  head  branches  of  Chattahoochee  r.  Organ- 
ized in  1820.  Capital,  Clarksville.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,365,  sheep  2,909,  swine 
10,646  ;  wheat  11,659  bush,  produced,  rye  2,441, 
Ind.  corn  153,768,  oats  21,877,  potatoes  9,345,  to- 
bacco 4,685  pounds,  cotton  63,777 ;  10  stores, 
cap.  $18,600;  1  furnace,  1  smelting  house,  pro- 
ducing gold  to  the  amount  of  $14,431,  3  tanne- 
ries, 13  distilleries,  3  potteries,  22  grist  m.,  9  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,450.  1  acad.  35  stu- 
dents, 9  sch.  212  scholars.  Pop.  whites  7,007, 
slaves  942,  free  col'd  12;  total,  7,961. 

Habolochitto,  p-o.,  Hancock  co.,  Miss.,  168 
s.  Jackson,  1,118  W. 

Hackensack,  r.,  N.  J.,  rises  in  Rockland  lake, 
Rockland  co.,  N.  Y.,  and  pursues  a  southwardly 
course,  about  40  ms.,  to  its  entrance  into  Newark 
bay.  In  the  upper  part  of  its  course,  it  is  a  fine 
mill  stream.  It  meets  the  tide  at  Hackensack  t., 
after  which  its  course  is  through  a  marsh  to  the 
bay. 

Hackensack,  p-v.,  New  Barbadoes  t.,  capital 
of  Bergen  co.,  N.  J.,  14  n.  by  w.  New  York,  76 
n.  e.  Trenton,  242  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side 
of  Hackensack  r.,  and  contains  a  large  brick 
court  house,  the  county  offices,  in  a  fire  proof 
brick  edifice,  3  churches — 1  Dutch  Reformed, 
and  2  seceders  from  it — 2  academies,  10  stores, 
150  dwellings,  and  about  1,000  inhabitants.  Sev- 
eral sloops  ply  between  this  place  and  New 
York. 

Hackensack,  t.,  Bergen  co.,  N.  J.,  13  n.  by 
w.  New  York,  is  situated  between  the  Hacken- 
sack and  Hudson  rivers.  It  is  a  rich  agricultu- 
ral t.,  well  cultivated.  The  Hackensack  r.  is 
navigable  for  sloops  to  the  n.  boundary  of  the 
t.,  affording  it  a  ready  access  to  market.  It  has 
5  stores,  cap.  $9,400  ;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $1,000 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  9  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $3,000.    6  sch.  281  scholars.    Pop.  2,631. 

Hackettstown,  p-v.,  Independence  t.,  War- 
ren co.,  N.  J.,  61  n.  Trenton,  222  W.  Situated 
between  the  Morris  canal  and  Musconetcong  r., 
which  are  here  one  mile  apart.  It  contains  1 
Presbyterian  and  one  Methodist  church,  an 
academy,  5  stores,  2  flouring  m.,  1  clover  m.,  1 
woollen  fee,  and  40  dwellings. 

Hackney's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Chatham  co., 
N.  C,  27  w.  Raleigh,  315  W. 

Haddam,  p-t.,  semi-capital  of  Middlesex  co., 
Ct.,  23  s.  Hartford,  334  W.  It  is  situated  on 
both  sides  of  Connecticut  r.    Incorporated  in 


1668.  The  surface  is  uneven  and  rough ;  soil, 
gravelly  loam.  The  lands  bordering  on  the  r., 
though  not  generally  alluvial,  are  smooth  and 
fertile.  Freestone  is  extensively  quarried  here, 
and  exported  to  the  amount  of  about  $70,000  an- 
nually. The  t.  contains  1  Congregational,  1 
Baptist,  and  2  Methodist  churches.  The  princi- 
pal v.  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a  Congrega- 
tional church,  and  an  academy.  There  are  in 
the  t.  9  stores,  cap.  $24,800 ;  1  tannery,  2  grist 
m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $71,700.  1  acad. 
112  students,  14  sch.  728  scholars.  Population, 
2,599. 

Haddonfield,  p-v.,  Newton  t.,  Glocester  co., 
N.  J.,  35  s.  w.  Trenton,  145  W.  It  is  situated  on 
Cooper  cr.,  and  contains  some  good  houses  on  an 
extended  street,  2  churches— 1  Friends  and  1 
Baptist — 7  stores,  2  grist  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  and 
2  tanneries. 

Haddonsville,  p-v.,  Todd  co.,  Ky.,  190  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  714  W. 

Hadley,  p-t.,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  90  w. 
Boston,  333  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  side  of  Con- 
necticut r.,  opposite  to  Northampton,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  a  bridge  1,080  feet  long.  In- 
corporated in  1661.  The  alluvial  meadows  on 
Connecticut  r.  are  exceedingly  fertile.  The  v. 
is  chiefly  built  on  2  streets,  one  of  which  is  a 
mile  long  and  20  rods  wide,  and  contains  a  Con- 
gregational church,  and  Hopkins  Academy,  a 
flourishing  institution.  There  are  in  the  t.  7 
stores,  cap.  $15,800 ;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $69,525.  1  acad.  91  stu- 
dents, 10  sch.  466  scholars.    Pop.  1,814. 

Hadley,  p-t.,  Saratoga  co.,  N.  Y.,  58  n.  Alba- 
ny, 427  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  mountain- 
ous. Hudson  r.  bounds  it  on  the  e.  Watered 
by  Sacandaga  r.,  which  here  unites  with  the 
Hudson.  Just  above  the  entrance  of  Sacanda- 
ga r.,  are  Hadley  falls,  in  Hudson  r.  It  has 
1  store,  1  fulling  m.,  1  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $6,630.  6  sch.  230  scholars.  Pop. 
865. 

Hadley,  p-t.,  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  58  n.  Detroit, 
581  W.  It  has  1  sch.  25  scholars.    Pop.  365. 

Hadley,  p-v.,  Will  co.,  111.,  174  n.  e.  Spring- 
field, 751  W. 

Hadley's  Mills,  p-o.,  Chatham  co.,  N.  C, 45 
w.  Raleigh,  329  W. 

Hadlyme,  p-v.,  East  Haddam  t.,  New  London 
co.,  Ct.,  39  s.  Hartford,  338  W.  It  contains  2 
churches— 1  Baptist,  1  Congregational— and  seve- 
ral dwellings.  „  „r   _,, 

Haerlem,  p-v.,  New  York  co.,  N.  Y.,  /i  N.  If. 
E.  New  York,  150s.  Albany,  232  W.  Situated  on 
Haerlem  r.,  on  a  plain,  and  contains  4  churches 


HAL 


256 


HAL 


1  Episcopal,  1  Dutch  Reformed,  1  Methodist,  1 69  students,  2  schools,  86  scholars.    Population 


and  1  Roman  Catholic— 10  stores,  1  railroad  car 
and  coach  fac,  2  carriage  and  wagon  fac,  1  car- 
pet fac,  and  1  lumber  yard.  A  toll  bridge  here 
crosses  Haerlem  r.  The  Haerlem  railroad  passes 
through  the  place,  and  cars  communicate  with 
the  City  Hall,  New  York,  several  times  an  hour. 
Omnibuses  also  run  continually  to  the  Bowery, 
through  the  Third  Avenue,  a  beautifully  Macad- 
amized road.  Haerlem  belongs  to  the  12th  ward 
of  the  city. 

Haerlem,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.,  O.,  27  n.  by  e. 
Columbus,  398  W.  Situated  in  the  n.  e.  corner 
of  the  county,  and  possesses  a  fertile  soil.  It  has 
6  sch.  129  scholars.    Pop.  963. 

Haerlem  Springs,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  O.,  131 
E.  n.  e.  Columbus,  290  W. 

Hagerman's  Mills,  p-v.,  Amsterdam  t.,  Mont- 

fomery  c6.,  N.  Y.,  36  w.  N.  w.  Albany,  404  W. 
lere  are  1  church,  1  store,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m., 

1  carpet  fac,  and  about  25  dwellings. 
Hagerstown,  p-v.,  capital  of  Washington  co., 

Md.,  26  n.  w.  Frederick,  70  w.  Baltimore,  101  n. 
w.  Annapolis,  69  W.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on 
the  w.  bank  of  Antictam  cr.  It  is  regularly  laid 
out,  and  built  mostly  with  stone  or  brick  houses, 
and  contains  a  handsome  court  house,  which  cost 
$50,000,  a  jail,  2  banks,  2  academies,  a  town  hall 
masonic  hall,  an  almshouse,  9  churches — 1  Ger- 
man Reformed,  1  Lutheran,  1  Presbyterian, 
Episcopal,  2  Methodist,  1  Roman  Catholic,  and 

2  African ;  40  stores  of  different  kinds,  2  for- 
warding and  commission  houses,  5  printing  of- 
fices, and  4  daily  or  weekly  newspapers,  400 
dwellings,  and  3,750  inhabitants. 

Hagerstown,  p-v.,  Monroe  t.,  Preble  co.,  O., 
103  w.  Columbus,  496  W 

Hagerstown,  p-v.,  Wayne  co.,  la.,  60  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 522  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
the  west  fork  of  White  Water  r. 

Hague,  p-t.,  Warren  co.,  N.  Y.,  91  n.  Albany, 
464  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous. 
Bounded  e.  by  Lake  George.  It  has  1  grist  m., 
4  saw  m.,  6  sch.  265  scholars.    Pop.  610. 

Hague,  p-v.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Va.,  76  n.  e. 
Richmond,  135  W. 

Hague,  p-v.,  Logan  co.,  Ky.,  174  s.  w.  Frank- 
fort, 688  W 

Hains,  t.,  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  19  e.  Bellefonte. 
The  surface  is  mountainous ;  soil,  in  the  valleys, 
calcareous  loam.  Two  creeks,  running  w.  some 
distance,  are  lost  in  limestone  fissures.  It  con- 
tains the  villages  of  Aaronsburg  and  Millheim. 
It  has  1  furnace,  4  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $24,300.     Pop.  2,002. 

Halcottsville,  p-o.,  Middletown  t.,  Dela- 
ware co.,  N.  Y.,  72  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  345  W. 

Hale,  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,  O.,  78  w.  n.  w.  Colum- 
bus, 472  W. 
Hale,  t.,  Harden  co.,  O.    Pop.  267. 
Halesford,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  163  w.  s. 
w.  Richmond,  238  W. 

Haleysburg,  p-o.,  Lunenburg  co.,  Va.,  93  s. 
w.  Richmond,  195  W. 

Half  Acre,  v.,  Putnam  co.,  Ga.  It  has  a 
Methodist  church,  an  academy,  3  stores,  and  sev- 
eral dwellings. 

Half  Day,  p-o.,  Lake  co.,  111.,  232  n.  n.  e. 
Springfield,  738  W. 

Half  Moon,  p-t.,  Saratoga  co.,  N.  Y.,  13  n. 
Albany,  383  W.  The  surface  is  generally  level ; 
soil,  sand,  sandy  loam  and  clay,  and  productive. 
Hudson  r.  runs  on  its  E.  border.  The  Champlain 
canal  and  Rensselaer  and  Saratoga  railroad  pass 
It  has  8  stores,  cap.  $15,550  ;  2 


through  the  t. 

fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  grist  rn.,  2  saw  in.  I  in  manufac.  $4,735 ;  7  sch.  445  scholars 

Capital  in  manufactures  $13,990.     1  academy,  1 2,603. 


2,631. 

Half  Moon,  p-t.,  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  99  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  180  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous ; 
soil,  in  the  valleys,  calcareous  loam.  Watered 
by  Bald  Eagle  cr.  and  Half  Moon  run,  a  branch 
of  Spruce  cr.  A  ridge  of  the  Alleghany  moun- 
tains forms  its  w.  boundary,  E.  of  which  is  Bald 
Eagle  valley,  bounded  e.  by  Bald  Eagle  ridge. 
It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $12,0C0;  1  furnace,  1  tan- 
nery, 1  pottery,  4  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $30,500.  6  sch.  240  scholars.  Pop. 
1,406. 

Half  Way  Swamp,  p-o.,  Edgefield  dist.,  S.C., 
82  w.  Columbia,  532  W. 

Halifax,  county,  Va.,  situated,  centrally,  on 
the  s.  border  of  the  state,  and  contains  759  square 
miles.  Staunton  r.  runs  on  its  N.  border.  Wa- 
tered by  Bannister  and  Dan  rivers,  and  their 
branches.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Capital,  Bannister. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  13,614,  sheep 
17,431,  swine  30,981 ;  wheal  78,164  bush,  prod., 
Ind.  com  598,251,  oats  231,277,  potatoes  15,546, 
tobacco  6,209,51 1  pounds,  cotton  22,289  ;  20  stores, 
cap.  $170,900;  7  tanneries,  1  distillery,  9  flour- 
ing m.,  32  grist  m.,  38  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$239,000.  1  college,  14  acad.  298  students,  24 
sch.  511  scholars.  Pop.  whites  11,145,  slaves 
14,216,  free  col'd  575  ;  total,  25,936. 

Halifax,  county,  N.  C,  situated  toward  the 
N.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  720  square 
ms.  Roanoke  r.  runs  on  its  n.  e.  border,  and 
Fishing  cr.  on  its  s.  border,  by  branches  of  which 
it  is  watered.  Vessels  of  45  tons  ascend  the 
Roanoke  to  the  capital  of  the  co.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Capital,  Halifax.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  13,392,  sheep  8,270,  swine  38,651 ;  wheat 
1 1,230  bush,  prod.,  Ind.  corn.  669,325,  oats  72,032, 
potatoes  49,162,  tobacco  147,246  pounds,  cotton 
2,905,573;  4  commission  houses,  cap.  $5,100  ;  29 
stores,  cap.  $132,330 ;  34  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.,  2 
printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $19,875.  9  acad.  153  students,  10  sch. 
118  scholars.  Pop.  whites  5,623,  slaves  9,405, 
free  col'd  1,837 ;  total,  16,865. 

Halifax,  p-t.,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  136  s.  Mont- 
pelier,  421  W.  The  surface  is  elevated  and  un- 
even, and  the  soil  fertile,  and  well  adapted  to 
grazing.  VVatered  by  Green  river,  a  branch  of 
Deerfield  r.,  and  by  North  r.,  both  of  which  afford 
good  water  power.  On  a  branch  of  North  r.  is  a 
succession  of  cascades,  extending  100  rods,  with 
falls,  from  15  to  20  feet  each.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $9,000 ;  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  8  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,125.  1  acad.  100  students, 
15  sch.  491  scholars.     Pop.  1,399. 

Halifax,  p-t.,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  36  s.  s.  e. 
Boston,  436  W.  The  surface  is  generally  level, 
and  much  of  the  soil  fertile.  Several  large  ponds, 
by  their  outlets,  afford  water  power.  Incorpo- 
rated in  1734.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $1,500  ;  1 
woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  300  sp.,  6  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $23,000.  5  sch.  139  scholars.  Pop. 
734. 

Halifax,  p-t.,  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  23  n.  Harris- 
burg, 133  W.  Bounded  w.  by  the  Susquehanna 
r.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  red  shale.  Peter's 
mountain  bounds  it  on  the  s.,  and  a  ridge  runs 
through  it.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  e.  bank  of 
Susquehanna  r.  Armstrong  cr.  flows  E.  of  the 
v.,  near  which  it  moves  a  mill,  and  enters  the 
Susquehanna,  one  mile  above.  It  has  4  stores, 
and  about  80  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.,  13 
stores,  cap.  $31,750 ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  1 
distillery,  2  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.   Cap. 

Pop. 


HAL 


257 


HAM 


Halifax,  p-v.,  capital  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  1'27 
s.  w.  Richmond,  214  W.  It  is  known  by  the 
name  of  Banister.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of 
Banister  r.,  10  miles  below  the  head  of  naviga- 
tion. It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  2  churches 
— 1  Episcopal  and  1  Methodist — a  masonic  hall, 
4  stores,  various  mechanic  shops,  2  flouring  m., 
2  saw  m!,  2  cotton  gins,  25  or  30  dwellings,  and 
290  or  300  inhabitants. 

Halifax,  p-v.,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of 
Halifax  co.,  N.  C,  80  n.  e.  Raleigh,  220  W. 
Pleasantly  situated  on  the  w.  bank  of  Roanoke 
r.,  7  miles  below  the  great  falls,  at  the  head  of 
sloop  navigation.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a  bank,  a  church,  and 
has  considerable  trade.  By  means  of  a  canal 
around  the  falls,  the  Roanoke  is  navigable  for 
boats,  130  miles  above  this  place. 

Halifax,  p-v.,  Wilson  county,  Tenn.,  24  e. 
Nashville,  660  W. 

Halifax,  p-v.,  Kemper  co.,  Miss.,  101  e.  n.  e. 
Jackson,  913  W. 

Hall,  county,  Ga.  Situated  toward  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  525  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  hilly ;  and  the  soil,  in  some  places,  ex- 
cellent. Watered  by  Sooque  r.,  with  its  branch- 
es, which  unite  with  Chestatee  r.,  on  the  w.  bor- 
der of  the  co.,  to  form  the  Chattahoochee  river. 
Capital,  Gainesville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  5,637,  sheep  4,199 ;  swine  12,041 ;  wheat 
24,496  bushels  prod.,  rye  868,  Ind.  corn  224,395, 
barley  10,  oats  39,446,  potatoes  8,950,  tobacco 
19,190  pounds,  cotton  482,313;  16  stores,  cap. 
$33,600 ;  4  tanneries,  7  distilleries,  3  flouring  m., 
34  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $35,994. 
2acad.  40  students,  13  sch.  313  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  6,773,  slaves  1,099,  free  col'd  3;  total, 
7,875. 

Hallett's  Cove,  p-v.,  Queens  co.,  N.  Y. 
(See  Astoria.) 

Halloca,  p-o.,  Muscogee  co.,  Ga.,  140  w.  s. 
w.  Milledgeville,  773  W. 

Hallowell,  p-t.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  2  s. 
Augusta,  593  W.  The  village  is  pleasantly  situ- 
ated on  the  w.  side  of  Kennebec  r.  The  prin- 
cipal streets  run  parallel  with  the  river,  ana  are 
crossed  by  other  streets,  which  ascend  as  they 
proceed  back  from  the  r.,  to  the  height  of  200 
feet.  The  principal  business  street  runs  near 
the  r.,  and  contains  a  large  number  of  fine  brick 
stores  and  warehouses.  The  houses  are  built 
with  neatness  and  taste,  and  have  commanding 
situations.  Vessels  of  150  tons,  and  drawing  9 
feet  of  water,  come  to  its  wharves.  It  has  con- 
siderable shipping,  engaged  chiefly  in  the  coast- 
ing trade.  Steamboats  ply  between  this  place, 
and  Portland,  and  Boston.  Granite  is  found  in 
Hallowell,  and  extensively  exported.  It  is  of  a 
light  color,  and  is  easily  wrought  The  t.  extends 
on  both  sides  of  the  river.  It  has  4  tanneries. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,500.  1  acad.  36  students, 
29  sch.  950  scholars.     Pop.  4,654. 

Hallowell  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Kennebec 
co.,  Me.,  4  w.  by  s.  Augusta,  598  W . 

Hall's  Stream,  N.  H.,  a  small  r.,  rises  in  the 
highlands  which  form  the  n.  e.  boundary  of  the 
United  States,  and  flows  into  Connecticut  river, 
forming  its  n.  w.  source.  By  the  late  treaty, 
this  stream  constitutes  a  part  of  the  boundary  of 
the  United  States,  until  it  intersects  the  old  line 
of  1784,  marked  as  45°  n.  lat.,  but  which  is  now 
ascertained  to  be  a  little  north  of  45  degrees. 
The  old  line,  however,  is  fixed  on  as  the  perma- 
nent boundary. 

Hallsborough,  p-o.,  Chesterfield  co.,  Va.,  18 
s.  Richmond,   135  W.    It    contains    1   Baptist 
church,  1  store,  and  several  dwellings. 
33 


Hall's  Corners,  p-o.,  Seneca  t.,  Ontario  co., 
N.  Y.,  184  w.  Albany,  337  W. 

Hall's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Harford  co.,  Md.t 
59  n.  Annapolis,  69  W. 

Hall's  Mills,  p-v.,  Rensselaerville  t.,  Albany 
co.,  N.  Y.,  31  Albany,  364  W.    Here  are  1  church, 

2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  about  20  dwell- 
ings. 

Hall's  Store,  p-o.,  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  66  s. 
Dover,  153  W. 

Hall's  Valley,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  O.,  77  e. 
Columbus,  336  W. 

Hallsville,  p-o.,  Minden  t.,  Montgomery  co., 
N.  Y.,  58  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  389  W. 

Hallsville,  p-v.,  Duplin  co.,  N.  C,  97  s.  e. 
Raleigh,  327  W. 

Hallsville,  p-o.,  Coleraine  t,  Ross  co.,  O., 
63  s.  Columbus,  408  W. 

Hallsville,  p-v.,  Chester  dist.,  S.  C,  52  n. 
Columbia,  476  W\ 

Hallstown,  p-v.,  Jefferson  co.,  Va.,  172  N. 
Richmond,  61  W. 

Hambaugh's,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  Va.,  147  n.  n. 
w.  Richmond,  93  W. 

Hamburg,  p-v.,  Lyme  t.,  New  London  co.,  Ct., 
34  s.  s.  e.  Hartford,  338  W. 

Hamburg,  p-t.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y.,  300  w.  Albany, 
372  W.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  soil,  a  fer- 
tile calcareous  loam,  adapted  to  grain  or  grass. 
Drained  by  Smokes,  Rush,  and  Cauquaga  creeks, 
flowing  into  Lake  Erie,  which  bounds  it  on  the 
w.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $35,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1 
tannery,  2  grist  m.,  16  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$19,100;  31  sch.  1,333  scholars.     Pop.  3,727. 

Hamburg,  p-v.,  Vernon  t.,  Sussex  co.,  N.  J., 
86  n.  Trenton,  254  W.  Situated  near  the  E. 
bank  of  Wallkill  r.  It  contains  1  church,  belong- 
ing to  the  Presbyterians  and  Baptists,  4  stores,  2 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  and  about  20  dwellings. 

Hamburg,  p-v.,  Windsor  t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  68 
e.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  161  W.  Situated  near  the 
Schuylkill  Water  Gap  of  Blue  mountain,  and 
contains  1  church,  common  to  Lutherans  and 
German  Presbyterians,  5  stores,  1  grist  m.,  100 
dwellings,  and  about  700  inhabitants. 

Hamburg,  p-v.,  Edgefield  dist.,  S.  C,  79  s.  w. 
Columbia,  574  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of 
Savannah  r.,  opposite  to  Augusta,  Ga.,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge,  1,000  feet  long. 
The  South  Carolina  railroad,  1351  miles  long, 
connects  thisplace  with  Charleston,  and  cost 
$1,750,000.  The  v.  is  divided  into  the  upper 
and  lower  town.  The  latter,  where  most  of  the 
business  is  done,  is  on  the  bank  of  the  r.  Back 
of  the  r.  the  ground  rises  abruptly  to  the  height 
of  60  or  70  feet,  on  the  top  of  which  the  upper 
town  is  built,  having  many  commanding  and  airy 
situations.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  contains 
a  bank,  a  printing  office,  many  large  stores  and 
warehouses,  450  dwellings,  and  about  2,500  in- 
habitants. 

Hamburg,  p-v.,  Macon  co.,  Ga.,  88  s.  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville, 744  W.    Situated  4  ms.  w.  of  Flint  r. 

Hamburg,  p-v.,  Perry  co.,  Ala.,  65  s.  Tusca- 
loosa, 841  W. 

Hamburg,  p-v.,  Calhoun  co.,  111.,  95  s.  w. 
Springfield,  865  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of 
Mississippi  r.     It  has  a  good  landing.     It  contains 

3  stores,  cap.  $9,000 ;  1  grist  m.     Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $30,500.     1  sch.  20  scholars.     Pop.  214. 

Hamburg,  p-v.,  Hardin  co.,  Tenn.,  140  s.  w. 
Nashville,  817  W.  l    ' 

Hamburg,  p-t.,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  51  w.  n. 
w.  Detroit,  544  W.  It  is  a  fertile  t.,  and  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $8,000;  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $2,000.  6  sch.  173  scholars.  Pop. 
602. 


HAM 


258 


HAM 


la.,  120  s.  by  E. 
,  Miss.,  95  s.  w. 


Hamburg,  p-v.,  Clarke  co., 
Indianapolis,  605  W. 
Hamburg,  p-o.,  Iranklin  co 

Hamburg  on  the  Lake,  p-v.,  Hamburg  t , 
Erie  w  NY.,  300  w.  Albany,  379  W.  Situated 
on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Erie  and  contains  1 
church,  2  stores,  2  tanneries,  and  about  30  dwell- 

"S'amden,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.,  N.  Y.,89  w.  s.  w. 
Albany,  329  W.  The  surface  is  broken  and 
mountainous;  soil,  various.  Drained  by  w. 
branch  of  Delaware  r.  It  has  5  stores,  cap. 
$8,300;  1  woollen  fee,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m,  10 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $21,350.  13  sch.  461 
scholars.    Pop.  1,469. 

Hamden,  p-t.,  New  Haven  co.,  Ct.,  S3  s.  s.  w. 
Hartford.  306  W.     Situated  between  two  moun 


Pop!  whites  7,498,  slaves  584,  free 


tain  ranges,  terminating  at  East  and  West  Rock 
near  New  Haven.  Soil  adapted  to  grazing, 
Drained  by  Mill  r.,  which  affords  water  power 
The  v.  of  Whitneyville  is  situated  in  the  s.  e 
part  of  the  t.,  and  has  some  mills  and  manufac- 
tories. The  Farmington  canal  passes  through 
the  t.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $6,000 ;  1  grist  m.,  3 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $47,300.  10  sch.  529 
scholars.    Pop.  1,797. 

Hamersville,  p-o.,  Clark  t.,  Brown  co.,  O., 
115  s.  s.  w.  Columbus,  474  W. 

Hamilton,  county,  N.  Y.    Situated  in  the  n. 
e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,064  sq.  miles. 
Erected  in  1816,  organized  in  1838.    The  surface 
is  elevated,  and  in  part  hilly  and  mountainous, 
abounding  with  numerous  small  lakes  and  ponds. 
Drained  by  Indian  and  Sacandaga  rivers,  branch- 
es of  the  Hudson  r.,  and  Moose  and  Racket  riv- 
ers.   The  middle  and  n.  parts  are  a  wilderness. 
Iron  ore  extensively  exists.     Capital,  Lake  Pleas- 
ant.   There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,056,  sheep 
3,263,  swine  1,034;  wheat  3,021  bush,  produced, 
Ind.  corn  3,660,  buckwheat  2,843,  oats  13,697, 
potatoes  45,264,  sugar  35,156  pounds;  3  stores, 
cap.  $9,500 ;  2  grist  m.,  22  saw  m.     Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $15,415.     13  sch.  579  scholars.     Pop.  1,907, 
Hamilton,  county,  O.    Situated  in  the  s.  w 
corner  of  the  state,  and  contains  400  sq.  miles, 
The  soil  is  productive,  and  well  adapted  to  grain 
and  fruit.     Watered  by  Little  and  Big  Miami, 
and  Whitewater  rivers,  and  Mill  and  Deer  creeks. 
The  Ohio  r.  washes  its  s.  border.     Capital,  Cin- 
cinnati.   There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  16,370. 
sheep  17,271,  swine  51,833  ;  wheat  213,815  bush, 
produced,  rye  14,381,  Ind.  corn  1,356,889,  buck- 
wheat 2,086,  barley  25,107,  oats  290,670,  potatoes 
120,355  ;  42  commercial  and  36  com.  houses,  cap. 
$5,200,000;  1,139  stores,   cap.   $12,961,590;   23 
lumber  yards,    cap.   $161,300 ;    14  furnaces,   6 
fulling  m.,  13  woollen  fee,  1  cotton  fee,  24  tan- 
neries, 13  distilleries,  7  breweries,  1  powder  m., 
1  pottery,  22  flouring  m.,  9  grist  m.,  30  saw  m.,  5 
oil  del,  1  paper  fee,  32  printing  offices.     Cap.  in 
manufac.  $7,792,312.    3  colleges,  112  students, 
3  acad.  245  students,  122  sch.  6,544  scholars. 
Pop.  1830,  52,321 ;  1840,  80,145. 

Hamilton,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  s. 
e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  464  sq.  ms.  Ten- 
nessee r.  runs  through  the  middle  of  the  co.  Wa- 
tered by  small  branches  of  the  Tennessee  r.,  the 
largest  of  which  is  Chickamauga  creek.  Capital, 
Dallas.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,116, 
sheep  3,561,  swine  23,393;  wheat  11,699  bush, 
produced,  rye  1,796,  Indian  corn  232,295,  oats 
29,590,  potatoes  7,373,  cotton  13,755  pounds ;  4 
commission  houses,  cap.  $1,700;  21  stores,  cap. 
$120,150 ;  2  tanneries,  6  distilleries,  1  flouring  n, 
16  grist  m.,  22  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $32,450.    5  sen. 


133  scholars. 
col'd93;  total,  8,175. 

Hamilton,  county,  Flor.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  ter.  Withlacoochee  r.  runs  on  its  w. 
border,  and  the  Little  Suwannee  r.  on  the  s.  The 
soil  is  good,  and  finely  watered.  Drained  by 
Allapahaw  r.,  which  passes  through  its  centre. 
Capital,  Jasper.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
6,913,  swine  5,138 ;  Ind.  corn  20,798  bush,  pro- 
duced, potatoes  14,255,  rice  14,950,  cotton  54,000 
pounds  ;  4  stores,  cap.  $14,500 ;  6  grist  m  ,  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,400.  1  sch.  12  schol- 
ars. Pop.  whites  1,034,  slaves,  427,  free  col  d  3 ; 
total,  1,464.  .      , 

Hamilton,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  cen- 
tral part  of  the  state,  and  contains  400  sq.  miles. 
The  land  along  the  streams  is  well  timbered. 
There  are  some  prairies.  Watered  by  w.  fork 
of  White  r.  and  its  tributaries.  Capital,  Nobles- 
ville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,923, 
sheep  6,924,  swine  28,930 ;  wheat  40,662  bush, 
produced,  rye  2,572,  Indian  corn  410,569,  buck- 
wheat 1,370,  oats  57,143,  potatoes  31,255,  tobacco 
12,747  pounds,  sugar  139,353 ;  16  stores,  capital 
$66,820  ;  4  tanneries,  9  distilleries,  22  grist  m.,  30 
saw  m.,  2  potteries,  2  printing  offices.  Cap.  m 
manufac.  $29,520.  10  sch.  314  scholars.  Pop. 
9,855.  ,  .      L 

Hamilton,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  i.  I. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  432  sq.  ms.  Or- 
ganized in  1821.  The  soil  is  indifferent,  with 
considerable  swamp  in  the  N.  part.  Watered 
by  branches  of  Saline  creek  and  Little  Wabasli 
r.  Capital,  McLeansboro.  There  were  m  1840, 
neat  cattle  4,717,  sheep  2,451,  swine  10,671  ; 
wheat  10,675  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  122,095, 
oats  120,768,  potatoes  5,056,  tobacco  3,830  pounds, 
cotton  18,430;  12  stores,  cap.  $13,550;  2  tanner- 
ies, 10  distilleries,  1  pottery,  20  grist  m.,  4  saw 
m.    7  sch.  67  scholars.    Pop.  3,945. 

Hamilton,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  22  n.  n.  e. 
Boston,  462  W.  The  surface  is  gently  uneven ; 
soil,  fertile.  Organized  in  1793.  Watered  by  a 
branch  of  Ipswich  r.     It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $2,000 ; 

1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fee,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m, 
2sawm.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,500.  4.  sch.  160 
scholars.     Pop.  818. 

Hamilton,  p-t.,  Madison  co.,  N.  Y.,  96  w.  by 
n.  Albany,  355  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil, 
a  fertile  calcareous  loam.  Drained  by  the  head 
waters  of  Chenango  r.  The  v.  is  situated  on 
Chenango  r.,  and  contains  3  churches,  an  acade- 
my, 20  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  tannery,  400 
dwellings,  and  about  1,500  inhabitants.  The 
Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Institution 
is  located  here,  and  is  under  the  direction  of  the 
Baptists.  It  was  founded  in  1820,  has  4  profes- 
sors, 27  students,  has  educated  124,  and  has 
2,250  vols,  in  its  library.  It  has  2  collegiate 
edifices.  There  are  in  the  t.,  17  stores,  cap. 
$43,575  ;  3  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fee,  4  tanneries, 

2  printing  offices,  1  weekly  newspaper,  4  grist 
m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $40,625.  1 
acad.  187  students,  18  sch.  916  scholars.    Pop. 

O  "7QQ 

'Hamilton,  t.,  Atlantic  co.,  N.  J.,  30  s.  e. 
Woodbury.  The  surface  is  level;  soil,  sandy, 
covered  with  pine  forest.  Drained  by  Great  Egg 
Harbor.  It  contains  the  v.  of  May  s  Landing. 
It  has  8  stores,  cap.  $14,400  ;  1  furnace,  1  forge, 
2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $22,150. 
6  sch.  462  scholars.     Pop.  1,565. 

Hamilton,  t.,  Adams  co.,  Pa,  12  n.  e.  Get- 
tysburg. The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  red  gravel 
and  flint.  Conewago  cr.  flows  on  its  w.  and  n 
boundary.  Watered  by  Beaver  run.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $6,000;  3  distilleries,  2  potteries,  1 


HAM 


259 


HAM 


flouring  m.,  2  saw  m. 


i,  p-v.,  Loudon  co..  Va.,  159  ms.  n. 
oW. 


Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,700. 
1  seh.  20  scholars.     Pop.  1,069. 

Hamilton, 
Richmond,  40 

Hamilton,  p-v.,  Martin  co.,  N.  C,  127  e.  Ra 
leigh,  251  W. 

Hamilton,  p-v.,  Fairfield  t.,  capital  of  Butler 
co.,  O.,  102  w.  s.  w.  Columbus,  490  W.  Situa- 
ted on  the  s.  E.  bank  of  the  Great  Miami  r.,  and 
contains  5  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episco- 

Sal,  1  Methodist,  1  Associate  Reformed,  and  1 
loman  Catholic — 1  female  academy,  1  bank,  13 
stores,  7  warehouses,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  brew- 
ery, 1  cloth  dressing  and  carding  machine,  250 
dwellings,  and  about  1,800  inhabitants.  It  is  con- 
nected with  Rossville,  on  the  opposite  side  of 
Miami  r.,  by  a  bridge. 

Hamilton,  v.,  Blockley  t.,  Philadelphia  co., 
Pa.,  1  m.  w.  from  the  bridge  over  the  Schuyl- 
kill r.  It  has  several  streets  crossing  each  other 
at  right  angles,  and  contains  a  church,  several 
stores,  some  pleasant  country  seats,  and  about 
70  dwellings. 

Hamilton,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  O.  Situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  Scioto  r.  The  Columbus  lateral 
canal  passes  through  it.  It  has  2  schools,  and  40 
scholars.     Pop.  1,119. 

Hamilton,  t.,  Jackson  co.,  O.,  8  Jackson  C. 
H.    It  has  1  furnace.    Pop.  1,711. 

Hamilton,  t.,  Warren  co.,  O.  It  has  7  sch. 
809  scholars.     Pop.  2,457. 

Hamilton,  p-t.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
145. 

Hamilton,  p-v.,  Hamilton  co.,  111. 

Hamilton,  p-v.,  capital,  Harris  co.,  Ga.,  126 
w.  s.  w.  Milledgeville.  Situated  on  the  western 
extremity  of  Oak  mt.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  1  Baptist  and  1  Methodist  church,  2  acade- 
mies, 5  stores,  and  35  dwellings. 

Hamilton,  p-v.,  Autauga  co.,  Ala.,  92  s.  E. 
Tuscaloosa,  847  W. 

Hamilton,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Miss.,  156  n.  e. 
Jackson,  837  W .  Situated  11  ms.  e.  of  the  Tom- 
bigbee  r. 

Hamilton,  t.,  McKean  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  saw 
m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,000.    Pop.  52. 

Hamilton,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.  The  surface 
is  hilly  ;  soil,  calcareous  loam,  and  slaty.  Drain- 
ed by  the  main  branch  of  Conecocheague  cr., 
and  Back  cr.  its  tributary.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$2,000 ;  1  distillery,  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,000.  7  sch.  210 
scholars.     Pop.  1,719. 

Hamilton,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  Pa.  The  surface 
is  partly  hilly  or  mountainous,  and  partly  level ; 
soil,  gravel.  Drained  by  McMichaels,  Pokons, 
and  Cherry  creeks,  which  flow  E.  to  the  Dela- 
ware. It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $10,500 ;  1  tannery, 
5  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,100. 
Pop.  1,503. 

Hamilton  Ban,  t.,  Adams  co.,  Pa.  The  sur- 
face is  level ;  soil,  calcareous  loam  and  red  gravel. 
The  s.  branch  of  Marsh  cr.  flows  on  its  n.  boun- 
dary, and  the  main  stream  of  that  cr.  on  the  e. 
Watered  by  Middle  cr.,  Muddy  run,  and  Toms 
cr.  Copper  and  iron  ore  are  found,  and  some 
sulphur  springs.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $2,500 ;  2 
furnaces,  6  tanneries,  1  flouring  m.,  8  saw  m.,  13 
sch.  594  scholars.    Pop.  1,460. 

Hamiltonville,  or  Newtown  Hamilton,  p-v., 
Wayne  t.,  Mifflin  co.,  Pa.  Situated  on  the  w. 
bank  of  Juniata  r.,  and  on  the  line  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania canal.  In  1828,  it  contained  but  4  huts. 
It  now  has  several  stores,  and  about  40  dwell- 
ings. 

Hamlins  Grant,  t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.  It  has  1 
sch.  42  scholars.    Pop.  80. 


Hamlinton,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  151  n.  k. 
Harrisburg,  245  W. 

Hammock's  Grove,  p-o.,  Crawford  co.,  Ga.. 
62  s.  w.  Milledgeville,  718  W. 

Hammond,  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.  Y.,  189 
n.  n.  w.  Albany,  456  W.  The  surface  is  level ; 
soil,  a  fertile  sand  and  clay,  adapted  to  grain  or 
grass.  The  St.  Lawrence  r.  bounds  it  on  the 
w.,  and  Black  lake  on  the  e.  The  v.  contains  1 
Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist  church,  2  stores, 
25  dwellings,  and  about  150  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.,  3  stores,  cap.  $15,000  ;  3  fulling  m., 
1  tannery,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,600. 
10  sch.  388  scholars.     Pop.  1,845. 

Hammondsport,  p-v.,  Urbanna  t.,  Steuben  co., 
N.  Y.  Situated  at  the  s.  end  of  Crooked  lake. 
It  contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Episcopal 
church,  12  stores,  3  warehouses,  1  flouring  m.,  1 
saw  m.,  1  tannery,  100  dwellings,  and  700  in- 
habitants. A  passage  boat  plies  daily  22  ms.  to 
Penn  Yan,  and  it  communicates  8  ms.  with  Sene- 
ca lake,  by  Crooked  Lake  canal. 

Hammond's  Mills,  p-o.,  Windham  co.,  Vt., 
113  s.  Montpelier,  440  W. 

Hammond's  Mills,  p-o.,  Campbell  t.,  Steuben 
co.,  N.  Y.,  214  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  285  W. 

Hammond's  Store,  p-o.,  Anson  co.,  N.  C,  151 
s.  w.  Raleigh,  430  W. 

Hammonton,  p-o.,  Atlantic  co.,  N.  J.,  60  s 
Trenton,  170  W. 

Hamorton,  p-o.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  78  a  s.  e. 
Harrisburg,  109  W. 

Hampden,  county,  Mass.  Situated  in  the  s. 
toward  the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  585 
sq.  ms.  Organized  in  1812.  Watered  by  Con- 
necticut r.,  which  runs  from  n.  to  s.  through  the 
middle  of  the  co.,  and  Westfield  and  Chickopee 
rivers  its  branches,  which  afford  extensive  water 
power.  Quinebaug  r.  rises  in  Brimfield,  in  the 
s.  e.  part  of  the  co.  The  surface  is  various,  and 
the  soil  fertile.  The  Hampshire  and  Hampden 
canal,  a  continuation  of  the  Farmington  canal, 
passes  through  the  co.  Small  steamboats  run 
on  the  Connecticut  r.  to  Springfield.  Capital, 
Springfield.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
20,481,  sheep  29,176,  swine  8,848;  wheat  9,852 
bush,  produced,  rye  95,633,  Ind.  corn  134,461, 
buckwheat  21,376,  oats  126,763,  potatoes  334,764, 
sugar  59,391  pounds;  144  stores,  cap.  $402,600; 
2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $6,000;  7  fulling  m.,  5 
woollen  fac,  17  cotton  fac  86,998  sp.,  21  tanne- 
ries, 2  distilleries,  2  breweries,  6  powder  m.,  25 
grist  m.,  62  saw  m.,  7  paper  fac,  8  printing  offices, 
2  binderies,  5  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $3,369,515.  7  acad.  710  students,  203 
sch.  6,536  scholars.    Pop.  37,366. 

Hampden,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  62  e.  n.  e. 
Augusta,  657  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  the 
Penobscot  r.,  6  ms.  s.  Bangor.  Watered  by 
Sowadabscook  r.,  which  affords  extensive  water 
power.  The  soil  is  fertile.  It  exports  lumber, 
and  agricultural  productions.  It  has  15  stores, 
cap.  $15,700 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  paper  fac, 
2  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  m  man- 
ufac. $50,950.  1  acad.  98  students,  15  sch.  1,219 
scholars.    Pop.  2,663. 

Hampden,  p-t.,  Geauga  co.,  O.,  175  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 338  W.  It  has  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  3 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $450.  9  sch.  326 
scholars.    Pop.  840. 

Hampshire,  county,  Mass.  Situated  central- 
ly toward  the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains 
532  sq.  ms.  Connecticut  r.  runs  through  the 
middle  of  it,  from  n.  to  s.,  by  which,  and  small 
tributaries,  which  afford  water  power,  it  is  water- 
ed. The  surface  and  soil  are  various,  but  on 
Connecticut  r.  it  is  exceedingly  fertile.    The  old 


HAM 


280 


HAN 


c^mTof  Hampshire,  which  included  Franklin 
and  Hampden  counties,  was  organized  m  1662. 


|  Northampton.  There  were  in  1840, 
neaPt  cattle  22,533P,  sheep  60  935,  swine  8,955 ; 
wheat  15,974  hush,  produced,  rye  66,512,  Ind. 
corn  175,271,  buckwheat  14,852,  barley  2,211 
oafs  97  449,  potatoes  355,733,  sugar  141,316 
pounds;  123  stores,  cap.  $326  759 ;  2  furnaces 
19  fulling  m.,  17  woollen  fac,  5  cotton  fac.  1,400 
sp.,  25  tanneries,  1  flouring  m.,  40  grist  m.,  122 
saw  m.,  6  paper  fac,  5  printing  offices,  3  binde- 
ries, 3  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manutac 
$963,285.  1  college,  169  students,  11  acad  539 
students,  294  sch.  8,909  scholars.     Pop.  30,897. 

Hampshire,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  960  sq.  ms  lhe 
n  branch  of  the  Potomac  r.  funs  on  its  n.  border. 
Watered  by  the  s.  branch  of  the  Potomac,  and 
several  tributaries  of  the  Potomac.  Several 
mountain  ridges  pass  through  it;  the  soil  m  the 
valleys  between  them  is  very  fertile.  Capital, 
Romney.  There  were  in  1810,  neat  cattle 
14  937,  sheep  27,446,  swine  17,781;  wheat 
178,714  bush,  produced,  rye  52,148,  Ind.  corn 
470,797,  buckwheat  26,167,  oats  173,953,  pota- 
toes 71,397;  25  stores,  cap.  $153,100;  1  forge, 
3  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  11  tanneries,  3  dis- 
tilleries, 16  flouring  m.,  32  grist  m.,  62  saw  m.,  2 
oil  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $63,320.  2  acad.  55  students, 
25  sch.  522  scholars.  Pop.  whites  10,703,  slaves 
1,403,  free  col'd  189  ;  total,  12,295. 
Hampshire,  p-o.,  Maury  co.,  Tenn. 
Hampshire,  p-o.,  Kane  co.,  111.,  215  n.  n.  e. 
Springfield,  767  W. 

Hampstead,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.,29  s. 
s.  E.  Concord,  462  W.  Chartered  in  1749.  Wa- 
tered by  branches  of  Merrimac  r.,  which  flow 
from  ponds  in  the  t.  The  soil  of  the  t.  is  hard 
and  fertile.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $6,100  ;  2  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,450.  7  sch. 
234  scholars.    Pop.  890. 

Hampstead,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  Md 
Annapolis,  66  W. 

Hampstead,  p-v.,  King  George  co., 
N.  E.  Richmond,  85  W. 

Hampton,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.,47s.e. 
Concord,  484  W.  It  lies  on  the  Atlantic,  which 
washes  its  s.  E.  border.  Along  its  shore  is  a  fine 
beach,  in  one  part  of  which  is  a  singular  bluff, 
denominated  the  Boar's  Head.  It  has  a  good 
harbor,  and  a  number  of  vessels  employed  in  the 
coasting  trade  and  the  fisheries.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1636.  There  are  in  the  t.,  6  stores,  cap. 
$7,900  ;  3  tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  acad. 
47  students,  5  sch.  249  scholars.     Pop.  1,320. 

Hampton,  p-t.,  Windham  co.,  Ct.,  41  e.  Hart- 
ford, 363  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  and  the  soil 
a  fertile  gravelly  loam.  Watered  by  a  branch 
of  Shetucket  r.,  which  affords  water  power.  The 
v.  is  pleasantly  situated  on  elevated  ground,  on  a 
single  street,  half  a  mile  long,  and  contains  a  Con- 
gregational church  and  about  40  dwellings.  There 
are  in  the  t.,  6  stores,  cap.  $21,700  ;  1  fulling  m., 
1  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  900  sp.,  2  tanneries, 
3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $43,900. 
9  sch.  365  scholars.     Pop.  1,166. 

Hampton,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  N.  Y.,  26  n. 
Salem,  73  n.  by  e.  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
with  fertile  valleys.  Drained  by  Poultney  r , 
which  separates  it  from  the  state  of  Vermont.  It 
has  1  store,  cap.  $3,000  ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  woollen 
fac,  1  tannery.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,740.  5  sch. 
230  scholars.     Pop.  972. 

Hampton,  v.,  Westmoreland  t.,  Oneida  co..  N. 
Y.  Situated  on  a  branch  of  Oriskany  cr.  It 
contains  2  churches— 1  Presbyterian  and  1  Meth- 


,  56  N.  w. 
Va.,  89  n. 


odist— 4  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  60  dwell- 
ings, and  about  400  inhabitants.  A  little  N.  of 
the  v.  is  a  mineral  spring. 

Hampton,  p-v.,  Reading  t.,  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  29 
s.  w.  Harrisburg,  86  W.  It  contains  2  stores,  35 
dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Hampton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Elizabeth  City  co., 
Va.,  94  e.  s.  E.  Richmond,  209  W.  Situated  on 
the'w.  side  of  Hampton  r.,  about  a  mile  from  its 
entrance  into  Hampton  roads.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  4  churches— 2  Methodist,  1  Baptist, 
and  1  Episcopal— 16  stores,  2  castor  oil  fac,  150 
dwellings,  and  about  1,200  inhabitants. 

H\mpton,  p-v.,  Rock  Island  co.,  111.,  150  n.  n. 
w.  Springfield,  880  W.    Pop.  61. 

Hampton  Roads,  Va.,  a  branch  of  Chesa- 
peake bay,  off  the  mouth  of  James  r.,  between 
Old  Point  Comfort  on  the  N.,  and  Willoughby 
point  on  the  s.  It  is  sufficiently  deep  lor  the 
largest  ships  of  war,  and  is  an  important  naval 
station.  On  Old  Point  Comfort,  there  have  been 
ceded  to  the  United  States  250  acres  ;  and  on  the 
point  a  fortification,  called  Fort  Monroe,  is  inpro- 
ress,  which  will  mount  335  guns,  generally  24, 
±  and  43  pounders,  130  of  which  are  under 
bomb  proof  covers.  On  the  opposite  point,  1  m. 
distant,  Fort  Calhoun  is  erecting.  The  founda- 
tion is  made  by  throwing  in  stones,  and  it  covers 
about  7  acres.  It  was  found  necessary  to  wait 
for  this  foundation  to  settle,  and  the  superstruc- 
ture has  barely  been  commenced.  This  fort  is 
designed  to  mount  265  guns,  24's  and  32  s,  and 
nearly  all  under  cover.  These  forts  will  com- 
pletely command  the  entrance  to  Hampton  roads. 
Hamptonburg,  p-t.,  Orange  co  N.  \  .,  4  N.  e. 
Goshen,  99  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  282  W.  The  surface 
is  undulating ;  soil,  a  fertile  clay  loam.  Drained 
by  Murderer's  cr.  e.,  and  Wallkill  creek,  which 
bounds  it  on  the  w.  It  has  5  sch.  248  scholars. 
Pop.  1,379.  . .     ,  . T  „ 

Hampton  Falls,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.N.  H 
16  s.  w.  Portsmouth,  45  s.  E.  Concord,  482  W. 
Incorporated  in  1712.  The  situation  is  pleasant, 
having  the  Atlantic  on  its  s.  e.  border.  The  soil 
is  moderately  fertile.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $1,500 ; 
1  grist  m.,  1  acad.  40  students,  3  sch.  150  scholars. 
Pop.  656.  .,  „    ,,-    , 

Hamptonville,  p-v.,  Surry  co.,  IS.  C,  14b  w. 
w.  Raleigh,  357  W 


Hamtramck,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1 
tannery,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $19,200.  1 
college,  30  students,  3  sch.  95  scholars.  Pop. 
1  797. 

'  Hancock,  county,  Me.  Situated  in  the  s., 
toward  the  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,850 
sq.  ms.  Bordered  by  the  Atlantic  on  the  s.,  along 
the  coast  of  which  are  scattered  numerous  isl- 
ands, some  of  them  large,  and  many  bays,  and  it 
has  a  great  number  of  excellent  harbors,  lhe 
soil  is  generally  fertile.  Watered  by  Union  r., 
which,  with  other  streams,  affords  excellent  wa- 
ter power.  Capital,  Castine.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  17,950,  sheep  32,758,  swine 
6  716  ;  wheat  27,627  bush,  produced,  rye  2,8 Jo, 
Ind.  corn  5,749,  barley  18,181,  oats  20,660,  pota- 
toes 496,439,  sugar  1,010  pounds  ;  5  commercial 
houses  in  for.  trade,  cap.  $85,000;  l^tores,cap. 
$228,500  ;  cap.  invested  in  fisheries,  $49,4/0;  10 
fulling  m.,  4  woollen  fac,  21  tanneries,  2  flouring 
m.,  41  grist  m.,  77  saw  m.,  8  oil  m  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac $178,111.  5  acad.  179  students,  2o2  sch. 
10,946  scholars.     Pop.  28,605. 

Hancock,  county,  Ga.  Situated  a  little  N.  E. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  600  sq 
ms.  The  Oconee  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border,  and 
Great  Ogeechee  r.  on  its  E.  border.  Watered  by 
branches  of  these  rivers.  Capital,  Sparta.    1  here 


HAN 


261 


HAN 


were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,721,  sheep  7,360, 
swine  26,92.)  ;  wheat  31,455  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  447,82  ),  oats  24,871,  potatoes  24,304,  cotton 
13,313,924  pounds  ;  5  stores,  cap.  $44,o00  ;  1  tan- 
nery, 3  distilleries,  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.  Cap. 
inmanufac.  $19,000.  Pop.  whites  3,6 J7,  slaves 
5,915,  fee  col'd  47  ;  total,  9,659. 

Hancock,  county,  Miss.    Situated  in  the  s.  e. 

Sart  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,680  sq.  miles. 
Sounded  on  the  s.  by  Like  Borgne,  a  branch  of 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  The  surface  is  rolling,  to- 
ward the  n.,  more  level  to  the  s.  The  soil  is  light 
and  sterile,  chiefly  covered  with  pine.  Pearl  r. 
runs  on  its  w.  border.  Capital,  Shieldsboro'. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  17,097,  sheep  783, 
swine  10,764;  Ind.  corn  24,052  bush,  produced, 
potatoes  27,683,  rice  46,000  pounds,  cotton  134,700 ; 
24  stores,  cap.  $53,100;  1  tannery,  9  grist  m.,  10 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $111,000.  2  acad.  40 
students,  3  sch.  47  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,237, 
slaves  1,056,  free  col'd  74;  total,  3,367. 

Hancock,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  200  sq.  ms.  The  Ohio 
r.  runs  on  its  n.  boundary,  and  rough  cr.,  a  branch 
of  Green  r.  on  its  s.  border.  Blackford's  r.  forms 
a  part  of  its  w.  boundary.  The  surface  is  hilly. 
Stone  coal  is  mined  in  large  quantities,  and  iron 
ore  is  found.  Capital,  Hawesville.  There  were 
in  1340,  neat  cattle  3,017,  sheep  3,390,  swine 
10,321 ;  wheat  10,274  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
134,400,  oats  19,800,  potatoes  3,834,  tobacco 
270,497  pounds,  sugar  2,479;  9  stores,  capital 
$37,094 ;  3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,90[).  Pop.  whites  2,039, 
slaves  539,  free  col'd  3;  total,  2,531. 

Hancock,  county,  O.  Situated  toward  the  n. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  576  sq.  ms.  The 
soil  is  fertile  and  well  watered.  Drained  by 
Blanchard's  Fork  and  its  tributaries,  which  flow 
into  Maumee  r.,  and  by  tributaries  of  Portage  r., 
which  flows  into  Lake  Erie.  Capital,  Findlay. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,826,  sheep 
8,268,  swine  87,081;  wheat  41,876  bush,  produc- 
ed, rye  16,525,  Ind.  corn  173,660,  buckwheat 
8,889,  oats  85,150,  potatoes  17,911,  sugar  142,950 
pounds;  14  stores,  cap.  $33,150;  4  tanneries,  11 
grist  m.,  12  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $27,812.  81  sch. 
3,189  scholars.    Pop.  9,936. 

Hancock,  county,  la.  Situated  a  little  e.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  310  sq.  ms. 
Organized  in  1828.  Drained  by  Blue  r.,  Sugar  cr., 
and  Brandywine  cr.,  which  afford  good  water 
power.  The  surface  is  level,  or  gently  rolling  ; 
soil,  fertile  and  heavily  timbered.  Capital,  Green- 
field. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,745, 
sheep  5,789,  swine  28,306;  wheat  28,531  bush, 
produced,  rye  2,130,  Ind.  corn  286,095,  oats  66,392, 
potatoes  11,090,  tobacco  10,034  pounds,  sugar 
39,030;  15  stores,  cap.  $51,075;  2  tanneries,  1 
distillery,  9  grist  m.,  1 1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $28,850.  7  sch.  156  scholars.  Population, 
7,535. 

Hancock,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  775  sq.  ms.  The  Mis- 
sissippi r.  runs  on  its  w.  boundary.  Watered  by 
Crooked  cr.,  with  its  branches,  a  tributary  of  Illi- 
nois r.,  and  by  the  n.  fork  of  Bear  cr.,  which  flows 
into  the  3Iississippi  r.  Organized  in  1825.  The 
soil  bordering  the  Mississippi  is  fertile.  Capital, 
Carthage.  There  were  in  i840,  neat  cattle  7,827, 
sheep  6,334,  swine  17,092 ;  wheat  49,860  bushels 
produced,  Ind.  corn  259,820,  buckwheat  1,812, 
oats  53,576,  potatoes  23,934,  tobacco  1,910  pounds, 
sugar  1,3 16;  23  stores,  cap.  $56,000;  1  woollen 
fac,  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  7  grist  m.,  12  saw 
m.,  1  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  1  periodical,  1 


weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $43,070. 
24  sch.  819  scholars.     Pop.  9,946. 

Hancock,  p-t.,  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  95  e.  Au- 
gusta, 677  W.  The  s.  e.  part  is  a  peninsula, 
nearly  surrounded  by  branches  of  Frenchman's 
bav.  It  contains  1  saw  m.,  7  sch.  296  scholars. 
Pop.  760. 

Hancock,  p-t.,  Hillsboro'  co.,  N.  H.,  34  s.  w. 
Concord,  454  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  or 
mountainous.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to 
grazing,  with  some  intervals  on  its  streams. 
Watered  by  Contoocook  r.  and  its  tributaries,  af- 
fording water  power.  Long  Pond,  a  considerable 
body  of  water,  lies  partly  in  the  w.  part.  It  con- 
tains 4  stores,  cap.  $22,500 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  cotton 
fac.  448  sp.,  3  tanneries,  1  paper  fac,  1  flouring 
m.,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $38,217. 

2  acad.  176  students,  11  sch.  43J  scholars.  Pop. 
1,345. 

Hancock,  p-t.,  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  39  s.  s.  w. 
Montpelier,  486  W.  Situated  on  the  Green 
mountain  range,  and  suited  only  to  grazing. 
Chartered  in  1780.  It  is  on  the  dividing  ridge  be- 
tween Lake  Champlain  and  Connecticut  r.,  some 
of  its  streams  flowing  into  Otter  cr.,  and  others 
into  White  r.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $7,000 ;  1  full- 
ing m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $3,800.  5  sch.  200  scholars.  Pop. 
465. 

Hancock,  p-t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  143  w. 
Boston,  379  W.  Incorporated  in  1776.  The 
state  of  N.  Y.  bounds  it  on  the  w.  Drained  by 
head  branches  of  Kinderkook  cr.  and  Housatonic 
r.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  the  soil 
adapted  to  grazing.     It  has  1  cotton  fac.  920  sp., 

3  tanneries,  2  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $16,400. 
1  sch.  190  scholars.    Pop.  922. 

Hancock,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.,  N.  Y.,  123  w.  s. 
w.  Albany,  291  W.  The  surface  is  broken  and 
mountainous.  Delaware  r.  runs  on  its  s.  w.  bor- 
der. Watered  by  Papacton  branch  and  its  tribu- 
taries. It  has  1  store,  cap.  $5,000 ;  1  tannery,  2 
grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,455.  8 
sch.  240  scholars.     Pop.  1,026. 

Hancock,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Md.,  125  n.  w. 
Annapolis,  92  W.  Situated  on  the  N.  bank  of 
Potomac  r.  It  contains  2  churches,  4  stores,  and 
about  30  or  40  dwellings. 

Hancock  Bridge,  p-v.,  Lower  Alloways  t., 
Salem  co.,  N.  J.,  85  s.  w.  Trenton,  180  W.  It 
contains  1  Friends  church,  2  stores,  and  about 
40  dwellings.  The  surrounding  country  is  fer- 
tile. 

Hancock  Factory,  p-v.,  Hancock  t.,  Hills- 
boro' co.,  N.  H.,  30  s.  w.  Concord,  453  W.  It 
contains  a  cotton  fac,  a  paper  fac,  and  several 
other  manufacturing  establishments,  and  an 
academy. 

Hancockville,  p-v.,  Union  dist.,  S.  C,  85  n. 
w.  Columbia,  453  W. 

Handy,  t.,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.  It  has  2  sch. 
30  scholars.    Pop.  158. 

Hanford's  Landing,  p-o.,  Greece  t.,  Monroe 
co.,  N.  Y.,  223  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  373  W. 

Hanging  Rock,  p-v.,  Hampshire  co.,  Va.,  175 
N.  N.  w.  Richmond,  103  W.  It  contains  1  Meth- 
odist church,  and  1  free  to  all  denominations,  1 
flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.  There  are  in  the  neigh- 
borhood 2  grist  m.,  1  oil  m.,  and  1  carding  ma- 
chine. 

Hanging  Rock,  p-o.,  Upper  t.,  Lawrence  co., 
O.,  118  s.  s.  E.  Columbus,  426  W. 

Hanna's,  p-o.,  Sumner  co.,  Tenn.,  36  n.  k 
Nashville,  677  W.  ,  OA_ 

Hannahsburg,  p-v.,  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  207  w.  s. 
w.  Harrisburg,  238  W.  It  contains  1  store  and 
12  or  15  dwellings. 


HAN 


262 


HAN 


Hannibal,  p-t.,  Oswego  co.,  N.  Y.,  176  w.  n. 
w  Albany,  362  W.  The  surface  is  undulating ; 
soil,  a  fertile  loam.  Drained  by  small  creeks, 
flowing  into  Lake  Ontario.  It  has  9  stores,  cap. 
$40,7u0  ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  4 
saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $42,000 


15  sch.  743 


Cap 
scholars.     Pop.  2,269. 

Hannibalville,  v.,  Hannibal  t.,  Oswego  co., 
N.  Y.  It  contains  2  churches,  3  stores,  1  grist  m., 
1  saw  m.,  and  about  30  dwellings. 

Hannibal,  p-v.,  Marion  co.,  Mo.,  108  n.  n.  e. 
Jefferson  city,  912  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank  of 
the  Mississippi  r.  It  has  10  stores,  4  commission 
and  forwarding  houses,  2  steam  saw  m.,  1  steam 
flouring  m.,  and  600  inhabitants. 

Hanover,  county,  Va.  Situated  toward  the 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  630  sq.  ms. 
North  Anna  r.  runs  on  its  n.  e.  border.  Watered 
by  its  tributaries.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  the 
soil  various,  from  the  most  fertile  to  the  most 
sterile.  Capital,  Hanover.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  8,388,  sheep  9,051,  swine  13,703; 
wheat  47,905  bush,  produced,  rye  1,013,  Ind. 
corn  349,750,  oats  177,347,  potatoes  26,332,  to- 
bacco 615,156  pounds,  cotton  22,549;  17  stores, 
cap.  $20,300 ;  1  tannery,  2  flouring  m.,  19  grist 
m.,  16  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $35,965.  23 
acad.  417  students.  Pop.  whites  6,262,  slaves 
8,394,  free  col'd  312 ;  total,  14,968. 

Hanover,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  54  n.  w. 
Concord,  488  W.  Situated  on  Connecticut  r., 
over  which  is  a  bridge,  connecting  it  with  Nor- 
wich, Vt.  The  surface  is  pleasantly  diversified, 
and  the  soil  is  fertile.  Moose  mountain,  an  ele- 
vated ridge,  crosses  the  e.  part  of  the  t.  from  n. 
to  s.  The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated  on  a  plain, 
half  a  mile  e.  of  the  r.,  and  has  a  considerable 
number  of  neat  buildings,  mostly  ranged  round  a 
square  of  about  12  acres.  It  contains  a  Congre- 
gational church,  several  stores,  and  the  buildings 
of  Dartmouth  College,  an  old  and  highly  re- 
spectable institution.  It  was  founded  in  1770,  and 
contains,   including  the    Medical  Institution,   a 

E resident,  15  professors  or  other  instructors,  has 
ad  2,052  alumni,  has  310  students,  and  16,500 
vols,  in  its  libraries.     The  commencement  is  on 
the  last  Thursday  in  July.     The  medical  institu- 
tion was  instituted  in  1797,  when  there  were  but 
3  others  existing  in  the  U.  States,  has  6  professors, 
72  students,  and  has  had  577  graduates.     The 
annual  course  of  lectures  commences  on  the  1st 
or  2d  Thursday  in  August.    There  are  3  build- 
ings of  the  institution  ;  the  centre  or  principal  one 
of  wood,  150  by  50  feet,  for  undergraduates  ;  a 
medical  building,  75  by  31  feet,  n.  of  it ;  and  a 
chapel,  &c,  a  corresponding  building,  s.     There 
are  in  the  t.  10  stores,  cap.  $30,200  ;  1  tannery, 
1  fulling  m.,  2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices, 
I  weekly  newspaper,    1    periodical.     Cap.    in 
manufac.  $28,850.     1   college,  404  students,  16 
sch.  512  scholars.    Pop.  2,613. 

Hanover,  p-t.,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  24  s.  s. 
w.  Boston,  443  W.  Pembroke  cr.  runs  on  its  s. 
border,  and  affords  water  power;  and  another 
branch  unites  with  it  on  the  e.  border  of  the  t.,  to 
form  North  river.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $9,900 ;  1 
furnace,  3  forges,  2  tanneries,  6  grist  m.,  5  saw  m 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $22,925.  1  acad.  25  students, 
8  sch.  379  scholars.    Pop.  1,488. 

Hanover,  p-t.,  Chautauque  co.,  N.  Y.,  315  w 
by  s.  Albany,  353  W.  Situated  on  Lake  Erie. 
The  surface  is  elevated  and  hilly,  and  the  soil,  on 
the  lake  shore  and  on  the  streams,  very  ferule. 
Watered  by  Silver  creek.  It  has  18  stores,  cap. 
$100,000  ;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $8,000  ;  3  fulling, 
m.,  7  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  7  grist  m.,  19  saw 
m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $110,215.     3  acad.  83 


students,  19  sch.  1,140  scholars.  Population, 
3,998. 

Hanover,  p-t.,  Morris  co.,  N.  J.,  5  n.  Morris- 
town,  57  N.  n.  e.  Trenton,  227  W.  The  surface 
is  hilly  on  the  n.  w.,  level  E.  and  s.  Soil,  clay, 
loam,  and  gravel.  Watered  by  Whippany  and 
Parsipany  rivers,  branches  of  Rockaway  r.,  which 
runs  on  its  n.  boundary.  The  soil  is  moderately 
good,  and  well  cultivated.  The  v.  is  situated  on 
a  plain,  near  the  Passaic  r.,  and  contains  12  or  15 
dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  12  stores,  cap. 
$30,100  ;  1  woollen  fac,  3  cotton  fac.  2,600  sp., 
10  forges,  3  tanneries,  4  distilleries,  2  paper  fac., 

1  printing  office,  5  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $140,940.  13  sch.  597  scholars.  Pop. 
3,909. 

Hanover,  t.,  Burlington  co.,  N.  J.,  12  n.  e. 
Mount  Holly.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  sandy 
loam  and  sand ;  in  the  s.  E.  part  covered  with 
pine  forest.  Drained  by  Cross  wick's,  Black's, 
and  a  branch  of  Rancocus  creeks.  It  has  11 
stores,  cap.  $3,500  ;  1  furnace,  1  forge,  5  distille- 
ries, 4  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$74,600.     9  sch.  474  scholars.     Pop.  3,045. 

Hanover,  p-b.,  Heidelberg  t.,  York  co.,  Pa., 
35  s.  Harrisburg,  82  W.  Incorporated  in  1814. 
Situated  on  a  branch  of  Conewago  cr.,  which 
runs  into  the  Susquehanna  r.  It  contains  3 
churches— 1  German  Reformed,  1  Lutheran,  1 
Methodist— 1  academy  ;  15  stores,  cap.  $84,500  ; 

2  tanneries,  1  brewery,  2  printing  offices,  2 
weekly  newspapers.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $22,300. 

2  sch.  220  scholars.  Pop.  1,071. 
Hanover,  t.,  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  15  s.  e.  Har- 
risburg. The  surface  is  undulating  ;  soil,  argil- 
laceous slate  and  sandstone.  Beaver  cr.  runs  on 
its  w.  boundary.  Watered  by  Manady  cr.  and 
Bow  run,  which  flow  s.  to  the  Swatara  cr.  It 
has  6  stores,  cap.  $15,500;  1  furnace,  2  fulling 
m.,  3  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  flouring  m.,  9 
grist  m.,  10  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $16,060. 

3  sch.  67  scholars.    Pop.  2,772. 
Hanover,  t.,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.    The  surface  is 

level ;  soil,  calcareous  loam,  and  fertile.  The 
Lehigh  r.  flows  on  its  s.  border.  Watered^  by 
Calesoque  cr.,  a  branch  of  the  Lehigh.  Con- 
nected with  Allentown  by  a  chain  bridge  across 
the  Lehigh.  It  contains  a  Lutheran  church.  It 
has  5  stores,  2  woollen  fac,  1  paper  fac,  1  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap,  in  manufac.  $16,550.  1  sch. 
30  scholars.    Pop.  1,341. 

Hanover,  t.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa.  The  sur- 
face is  level ;  soil,  calcareous  loam.  Drained  by 
Manokissy  cr.,  which  runs  along  its  s.  e.  boun- 
dary. It  has  1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$3,000.    Pop.  382.  . 

Hanover,  t,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is 
rolling ;  soil,  calcareous  loam.  Drained  by  Big 
and  Little  Traviss  creeks,  tributaries  of  Racoon 
cr.  It  contains  Frankford  v.  near  its  s.  border. 
It  contains  3  stores,  cap.  $9,000 ;  2  tanneries,  7 
grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,350.  1 
acad.  23  students,  4  sch.  138  scholars.  Pop. 
1.662.  „      - 

Hanover,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  22  n.  w. 
Washington  b.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  loam. 
Drained  by  Herman's  and  Indian  creeks,  flow- 
ing into  Ohio  r.  Coal  is  abundant.  It  has  7 
stores,  cap.  $16,000;  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  5 
grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $22,6j0.  1 
lead.  15  students,  8  sch.  500  scholars.  Pop. 
2,002.  ,    , 

Hanover,  t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.  Bounded  n. 
w.  by  Susquehanna  r.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous, with  the  fertile  valley  of  Wyoming  in  a 
part  of  it.  Anthracite  coal  is  abundant.  Wa- 
tered by  Nanticoke  and  Solomon's  creeks,  which 


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afford  water  power.     It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $27,300  ; 

1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  1  powder  fac,  3  flouring 
m.,  3  saw  in.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,830.  6  sch. 
270  scholars.     Pop.  1,938. 

Hanover,  p-t.,  Licking  co.,  O.,  48  N.  E.  Co- 
lumbus, 357  VV.  Licking  r.  and  the  Ohio  canal 
pass  tlirough  the  t.,  from  e.  to  w.  It  has  2 
sch.  75  scholars.     Pop.  943. 

Hanover,  t.,  Butler  co.,  O.,  a  wealthy  t.,  8 
ms.  from  the  court  house,  in  Hamilton.  It  has  7 
sch.  5  0  scholars.     Pop.  1,630. 

Hanover,  t.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.,  10  e.  New 
Lisbon,  on  the  line  of  the  Sandy  and  Beaver 
canal.     I  has  8  sch.  125  scholars.     Pop.  2,539. 

Hanover,  t.,  Richland  co.,  O.  Watered  by 
two  main  branches  of  Mohiccan  r.,  which  unite 
near  the  centre  of  the  t.  It  has  168  scholars  in 
schools.     Pop.  1,485. 

Hanover,  v.,  North  t.,  Harrison  co.,  O.,  8  n. 
W.  Cadiz.  It  contains  1  store,  25  dwellings,  and 
about  150  inhabitants. 

Hanover,  t.,  Shelby  co.,  la.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $9,800  ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m., 
3  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,250.     Pop.  1,438. 

Hanover,  p-t.,  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  89  w.  De- 
troit, 549  W.    It  has  3  sch.  106  scholars.  Pop.  714. 

Hanover,  p-o.,  Jo-Daviess  co.,  III.,  114  n.  by 
w.  Springfield,  872  W. 

Hanover  Centre,  p-v.,  Hanover  t.,  Grafton 
co.,  N.  H.,  60  n.  w.  Concord,  494  W. 

Hanover,  C.  H.,  p-o.,  capital  of  Hanover  co., 
Va.,  20  n.  Richmond,  103  W.  Situated  on  ele- 
vated ground,  near  Pamunky  r.,  and  contains 
a  court  house,  jail,  a  store,  and  about  60  inhabitants. 

Hanover  Neck,  p-o.,  Hanover  t.,  Morris  co., 
N.  J.,  58  N.  n.  e.  Trenton,  224  W. 

Hanoverton,  P-v.,  Hanover  t.,  Columbiana 
co.,  O.,  149  n.  E.  Columbus,  291  W.  It  contains 
12  stores,  1  warehouse,  2  water  m.,  1  steam  m., 

2  tanneries,  80  dwellings,  and  about  500  inhabi- 
tants. 

Hansley's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Perry  co.,  O., 
61  e.  Columbus,  342  W. 

Hanson,  pt.,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  28  s.  s.  e. 
Boston,  438  W.  Watered  by  a  branch  of  North 
r.  Large  beds  of  iron  ore  are  found.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $4,250;  1  forge,  1  tannery,  1  grist 
m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,805.  8  sch. 
259  scholars.     Pop.  1,040. 

Hansonville,  p-o.,  Russell  co.,  Va.,  318  w. 
by  s.  Richmond,  386  W. 

Harbor  Creek,  p-t.,  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  6  n.  e. 
Erie,  279  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  352  W.  Drained  by 
several  small  streams,  flowing  into  Lake  Erie, 
which  bounds  it  on  the  n.  It  has  2  fulling  m.,  1 
tannery,  1  distillery,  3  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $1,500.  15  sch.  435  scholars.  Pop. 
1,843. 

Hardeman,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  s. 
X.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  720  sq.  ms. 
Surface  generally  level ;  soil,  light  and  sandy. 
Watered  by  Big  Hatchy  r.  and  its  branches. 
Capital,  Bolivar.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  17,001,  sheen  10,292,  swine  59,357  ;  wheat 
58,713  bush,  produced,  rye  9,165,  Ind.  corn 
644,564  oats  149,535,  potatoes  40,917,  tobacco 
19,417  pounds,  cotton  3,570,417;  29  stores,  cap. 
$233,452  ;  1  cotton  fac.  630  sp.,  9  tanneries,  16 
distilleries,  8  flouring  m.,  22  grist  m.,  18  saw  m., 
1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $63,970.  4  acad.  185  students,  23  sch. 
506  scholars.  Pop.  whites  9,031,  slaves  5,433, 
free  col'd  39 ;  total,  14,563. 

Hardiman's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Williamson 
co.,  Tenn.,  24  s.  Nashville,  636  W. 

Hardin,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  768  sq.  ms. 


Tennessee  r.  Hows  through  the  co.,  from  s.  to  n. 
Watered  also  by  small  streams,  which  flow  into 
the  Tennessee  r.,  the  principal  of  which  are 
Swift  cr.  and  Whiteoak  r.  Capital.  Savannah. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  11,537,  sheep 
7,562,  swine  42,530  ;  wheat  31,231  bush,  produ- 
ced, rye  1,465,  Ind.  corn  512,373,  oats  53,529, 
potatoes  14,377,  tobacco  52,564  pounds;  cotton 
33,819,  7  com.  houses,  cap.  $9,830 ;  14  stores,  cap. 
$42,355 ;  1  furnace,  7  tanneries,  21  distilleries, 
29  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Can.  in  manufac.  $34,959. 
1  acad.  15  students,  8  sen.  176  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  7,337,  slaves  826,  free  col'd  32  j  total,  8,245. 

Hardin,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  1,200  sq.  ms.  The 
Rolling  Fork  of  Salt  r.  runs  on  its  n.  e.  boundary. 
Watered  by  branches  of  Green  r.  Capital, 
Elizabethtown.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
18,809,  sheep  23,696,  swine  36,809  ;  wheat  120,894 
bush,  produced,  rye  7,510,  Ind.  corn  706,349, 
oats  205,894,  potatoes  22,746,  tobacco  322,483 
pounds,  sugar  1,625;  31  stores,  cap.  $60,850;  9 
tanneries,  10  distilleries,  2  flouring  m.,  17  grist 
rn..  15  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  printing  office.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $88,000.  8  sch.  185  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  13,829,  slaves  2,482,  free  col'd  46 ;  total, 
16,357. 

Hardin,  county,  O.  Situated  n.  w.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  480  sq.  ms. 
The  Scioto  r.  runs  through  the  co.  Watered 
also  by  head  branches  of  Blanchards,  Hoy  and 
Tymochtee  creeks.  It  has  much  valuable  land 
on  the  streams.  Capital,  Kenton.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,966,  sheep  3,327,  swine 
10,416;  wheat  30,173  bush,  produced,  rye  1,459, 
Ind.  corn  99,147,  buckwheat  1,621,  oats  23,897, 
potatoes  22,233,  sugar  86,557  pounds;  4  stores, 
cap.  $14,500 ;  3  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,900.  18  sch.  552  scholars. 
Pop.  4,593. 

Hardin,  county,  111.  Situated  on  the  s.  bor- 
der of  the  state,  and  contains  100  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  high  and  broken,  and  abounds  in  iron 
and  lead  ores.  Watered  by  Big  cr.,  which  en- 
ters the  Ohio,  and  affords  water  power.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  1,774,  sheep  1,554, 
swine  3,978 ;  wheat  3,533  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  62,066,  oats  10,555,  potatoes  8,975,  tobacco 
7,590  pounds  ;  4  stores,  cap.  $11,666 ;  1  furnace, 
1  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $3,159.    3  sch.  88  scholars.    Pop.  1,373. 

Hardin,  p-v.,  Turtle  Creek  t.,  Shelby  co.,  O., 
85  w.  n.  w.  Columbus,  479  W. 

Hardinsburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Breckenridge 
co.,  Ky.,  115  w.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  657  W.  Situa- 
ted half  a  m.  e.  of  Hardin's  cr.,  10  ms.  from 
Ohio  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  2 
churches— 1  Baptist,  1  Methodist— 1  seminary, 
and  631  inhabitants. 

Hardinsburg,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  la.,  106 
s.  Indianapolis,  630  W. 

Hardingsburg,  v.,  Dearborn  co.,  la.  Situated 
on  the  w.  side  of  the  Great  Miami  r.,  2  ms.  n. 
Lawrenceburg.  It  has  2  stores,  and  250  inhabit- 
ants. 

Harding's  Store,  p-o.,  Ripley  co.,  la.,  71  s.  e. 
Indianapolis,  533  W. 

Hardin's  Mills,  p-o.,  Floyd  co.,  Ga.,  173  ft. 
w.  Milledgeville,  634  W.  ■ 

Hardin's  Mills,  p-o.,  Albemarle  co.,  Va,SJ 
w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  123  W.  It  contains  a  Me- 
thodist church.  _ 

Hardinsville,  p-v.,  Shelby  co.,  Ky.,  9  w. 
Frankfort,  551  W.  ... 

Hard  Money,  p-o.,  Stewart  co.,  Ga.,  144  s.  w. 
Milledgeville,  799  W.  .  '      _ 

Hardwich,  p-tM  Caledonia  co,  Vu,  27  n.  *. 


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Montpelier,  543  W.  Chartered  in  1731.  Organ- 
ized in  1795.  The  surface  is  rolling,  and  the 
soil,  fertile.  Watered  by  Lamoille  r.  and  its  tri- 
butaries, which  afford  good  water  power.  It 
contains  sulphur  springs.  It  has  5  stores,  cap. 
$30,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  1  pottery,  2 
grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,700.  12 
sch.  433  scholars.     Pop.  1,354. 

Hardwick,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  68  w. 
Boston,  398  W.  Incorporated  in  1738.  Water- 
ed by  Ware  r.,  which  runs  on  its  s.  e.  border, 
and  which,  with  its  branches,  affords  water 
power.  The  v.  at  the  centre  contains  2  churches 
— 1  Congregational  and  1  Unitarian.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $7,345 ;  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1 
paper  fac,  4  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $24,980.  12  sch.  560  scholars.  Pop.  1,739. 
Hardwick,  t.,  Warren  co.,  N.  J.,  15  n.  e.  Bel- 
videre.  The  surface  is  hilly.  Drained  by  Pau- 
lins  kill,  Beaver  brook,  and  Bear  branch  of  Pe- 
quest  cr.  The  soil  is  fertile,  being  underlaid  with 
slate  on  the  ridges,  and  limestone  in  the  valleys. 
It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $14,200;  1  cotton  fac.  216 
sp.,  2  tanneries,  6  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $32,800.  16  sch.  769  scholars.  Pop. 
1,954. 

Hardwick,  v.,  and  port  of  entry,  Bryan  co., 
Ga.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  the  Ogeechee  r. 
Hardyston,  t.,  Sussex  co.,  N.  J.  The  surface 
is  mountainous,  lying  principally  on  Hamburg  or 
Wallkiil  mountains.  Drained  by  Wall  kill  r.  It 
has  2  ponds,  the  outlets  of  which  flow  into  the  r. 
There  are  2  Presbyterian  churches.  An  inex- 
haustible quantity  of  zinc  and  iron  ores  are  found 
in  the  mountains.  It  has  10  stores,  cap.  $34,051) ; 
3  furnaces,  6  forges,  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  8 
grist  m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $63,075. 
1  acad.  35  students,  15  sch.  403  scholars.  Pop. 
2,831. 

Hardy,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  1,156  sq.  ms.  The  sur- 
face is  elevated,  broken,  rocky,  and  sterile,  but 
good  soil  is  found  on  the  streams.  Watered  by 
branches  of  the  South  Branch  of  the  Potomac, 
and  by  some  of  the  head  streams  of  the  North 
Branch.  Capital,  Moorefield.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  10,042,  sheep  15,205,  swine 
12,719;  wheat  84,634  bush,  produced,  rye  18,186, 
Ind.  corn  410,942,  buckwheat  3,734,  oats  40,830, 
potatoes  31,865,  sugar  51,988  pounds;  11  stores, 
cap.  $69,000  ;  1  furnace,  2  fulling  m.,  2  woollen 
fac,  5  tanneries,  8  flouring  m.,  15  grist  m.,  16  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $74,535.  6  sch.  218  schol- 
ars. Pop.  whites  6,100,  slaves  1,131,  free  col'd 
391 ;  total,  7,622. 

Hardy,  t.,  Holmes  co.,  O.  It  contains  the  v. 
of  Millersburg,  the  capital  of  the  co.  It  has  1 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,400.  1 
sch.  28  scholars.    Pop.  1,982. 

Hare  wood,  p-o.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  184  n. 
e.  Harrisburg,  294  W. 
Harewood,  p-o.,  Baltimore  co.,  Md. 
Harford,  county,  Md.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  430  sq.  ms.  Wa- 
tered by  Deer  cr.,  which  flows  into  the  Susque- 
hanna, Bmum's  run,  Winter's  run,  and  the  Little 
Falls  of  Gunpowder.  Some  of  these  streams 
afford  good  water  power.  The  soil  is  various. 
The  country  on  Deer  cr.  is  beautiful  and  healthy. 
Limestone,  iron  ore,  and  chromate  of  iron  abound, 
in  some  parts  of  the  co.  The  rocky  banks  of  a 
part  of  Deer  cr.  form  perpendicular  walls  of  stone, 
2  or  300  feet  high,  and  appear  as  if  they  had  been 
rent  asunder,  and  are  a  curiosity.  Capital,  Bel- 
air.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  12,562 
sheep  15,662,  swine  20,950;  wheat  149,300  bush, 
produced,  rye  20,153,  Ind.  corn  321,416,  buck- 


wheat 8,757,  oats  216,892,  potatoes  7J,83J ;  61 
stores,  cap.  $83,230 ;  4  fulling  m.,  7  woollen  fac, 
2  furnaces,  2  forges,  12  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  1 
pottery,  7  flouring  m.,  33  grist  m.,  28  saw  m.,  1  oil 
m.,  1  paper  fac,  3  printing  offices,  1  daily  news- 
paper. Cap.  in  manufac.  $106,918.  1  college,  5 
acad.  163  students,  33  sch.  945  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  12,041,  slaves  2,642,  free  col'd  2,436  ;  to- 
tal. 17,120. 

Harford,  p-o.,  Virgil  t.,  Cortland  co.,  N.  Y., 
150  w.  Albany,  301  W. 

Harford,  p-t.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  175  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  279  W.  Drained  by  Martin's,  Part- 
ner's, and  Van  Winkle's  creeks,  branches  of 
Tunkhannock  cr.,  all  of  which  afford  water  pow- 
er. The  v.  contains  2  churches.  There  are  in 
the  t.,  2  stores,  cap.  $11,000;  1  woollen  fac,  2 
tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$11,850.  1  acad.  150  students,  10  sch.  230  scholars. 
Pop.  1,179. 

Hargrove's  Tavern,  p-o.,  Nansemond  co.,  Va. 

Harlan,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  s.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  480  sq.  ms.  Cum- 
berland mountains  form  its  s.  e.  boundary,  and 
Laurel  ridge  passes  through  its  n.  w.  part :  and 
between  them,  near  the  latter,  runs  Cumberland 
r.,  by  which  and  its  branches  the  co.  is  watered. 
The  surface  is  elevated  1,000  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  ocean,  and  is  mountainous.  Capital,  Mount 
Pleasant.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,626, 
sheep  2,861,  swine  13,073  ;  wheat  2,420  bushels 
produced,  oats  20,367,  potatoes  7,060,  tobacco 
4,211  pounds,  sugar  7,830;  4  stores,  cap.  $9,200; 
23  distilleries,  37  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Pop.  whites 
2,923,  slaves  79,  free  col'd  8  ;  total,  3,015. 

Harlan,  C.  II.,  p-o.,  Harlan  co.,  Ky.  (See 
Mount  Pleasant.) 

Harlansburg,  p-v.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  226  w. 
N.  w.  Harrisburg,  263  W. 

Harlem,  p-o.,  New  York  county,  N.  Y.  (See 
Haerlem.) 

Harlem,  p-o.,  Winnebago  co.,  111.,  211  n 
Springfield,  812  W. 

Harlemsville,  p-o.,  Claverack  t,  Columbia 
co.,  N.  Y. 

Harlesville,  p-v.,  Marion  dist.,  S.  C,  129  e. 
by  n.  Columbia,  431  W.  Situated  on  Little  Pe- 
dee  r. 

Harlingen,  p-v.,  Montgomery  t.,  Somerset  co., 
N.  J.,  18  n.  Trenton,  190  W.  It  contains  a  Dutch 
Reformed  church,  a  store,  and  7  or  8  dwellings. 

Harmar,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  O.,  164  e.  s.  e. 
Columbus,  301  W.  Situated  in  the  w.  part  of 
Marietta,  on  the  s.  bank  of  Muskingum  r.  It 
contains  a  stone  steam  mill  4  stories  high,  and 
about  40  handsome  dwellings.  It  occupies  the 
site  of  Fort  Harmar,  the  first  fortification  erected 
by  the  Americans  in  the  state  of  Ohio,  and  named 
from  its  first  commander. 

Harmonsburg,  p-o.,  Sadsbury  t.,  Crawford  co., 
Pa.,  243  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  316  W.  Situated  on 
Conneaut  cr.,  at  the  N.  end  of  Conneaut  lake. 

Harmony,  p-t.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  57  n.  by  E. 
Augusta,  652  W.  Incorporated  in  1803.  The 
soil  is  fertile  and  adapted  to  wheat.  Watered  by 
head  branches  of  Sebasticook  r.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $3,600 ;  1  fulling  m.,  4  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,800.  10  sch.  500  scholars. 
Pop.  1,096.  . 

Harmony,  v.,  Conequenessmg  t.,  Butler  co., 
Pa.,  14  s.  w.  by  w.  Butler,  12  n.  e.  by  e.  Beaver. 
Situated  on  the  s.  bank  of  Conequenessing  cr. 
Founded  in  1804,  by  the  Society  of  Harmonites, 
who  afterwards  sold  out  and  removed  to  the  Wa- 
bash, and  afterwards  to  Economy,  Beaver  co.,  on 
the  Ohio  r.  It  now  contains  a  town  hall,  2  mills, 
3  stores,  and  40  or  50  dwellings. 


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265 


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Harmony,  p-t.,  Cbautauque  co.,  N.  Y.,  339  \v. 

by  s.  Albany,  326  W.  The  surface  is  rolling  ; 
soil,  sandy  and  gravelly  loam,  with  some  clay. 
Drained  by  Goose  cr.  and  other  streams,  flowing 
N.  into  Chautanque  lake,  and  by  Little  Broken 
Straw  creek,  running  s.  into  Pennsylvania.  It 
has  7  stores,  cap.  §10,600  ;  2  fulling  m.,  3  tanne- 
ries, 3  grist  m.,  17  saw  m.  Capital  m  manufac. 
$23,595.     17  sch.  700  scholars.     Pop.  3,310. 

Harmony,  p-t.,  Warren  co.,  N.  J.,  53  n.  by  w. 
Trenton,  205  W.  The  v.  contains  a  Presbyterian 
church  and  12  or  15  dwellings.  It  has  2  flouring 
m.,  3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$30,36  >.     6  sch.  386  scholars.     Pop.  1,602. 

Harmony,  t.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  is  bounded 
n.  by  the  state  of  New  York.  Oquago  mountain 
lies  in  its  N.  w.  part,  the  remainder  is  hilly.  Wa- 
tered by  Susquehanna  r.  and  some  tributaries, 
the  chief  of  which  are  Starucca  and  Conewanta 
creeks.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,500 ;  1  grist  m., 
10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,810.  6  sch. 
120  scholars.     Pop.  523. 

Harmony,  p-v.,  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  150  s.  w. 
Richmond,  237  W. 

Harmony,  p-v.,  York  dist.,  S.  C,  102  N.  Co- 
lumbia, 459  W. 

Harmony,  t.,  Clark  co.,  O.  It  contains  seve- 
ral villages,  and  the  national  road  passes  through 
it.     It  has  1 1  sch.  220  scholars.     Pop.  1,660. 

Harmony,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  O.  Situated  in 
the  N.  E.  corner  of  the  county.  Drained  by  the 
head  waters  of  Alum  and  Big  Walnut  creeks.  It 
has  6  sch.  129  scholars.     Pop.  676. 

Harmony,  p-o.,  Clay  co.,  la.,  51  w.  by  s.  In- 
dianapolis, 625  W 


broken  ;  soil,  a  fertile,  chocolate  colored  loum, 
well  cultivated.  Drained  by  Charlotte  and  Dela- 
ware rivers.  The  v.  contain!  2  chnrehes-  1 
Presbyterian  and  1  Bantiat1  I  stores,  40  dwell- 
ings, and  about  200  inhabitants.  There  are  in 
the  t.,  3  stores,  cap.  $5,700 ;  3  fulling  m.,  1  tanne- 
ry, 6  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$5,175.     20  sch.  499  scholars.     Pop.  1,703. 

Harpersfield,  p-t.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O  ,  195  x. 
E.  Columbus,  350  W.  Early  and  generally  set- 
tled. Watered  by  Grand  r.  In  the  N.  w.  corner 
is  the  v.  of  Uniohville,  lying  partly  in  3  counties. 
There  are  in  thet.,  3  stores,  cap.  $1,200;  2  fulling 
m.,  2  woollen  fac,  1  distillery,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,650.     Pop.  1,397. 

Harpersville,  p-v.,  Colesville  t.,  Broome  co., 
N.  Y.,  116  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  310  W.  Situated  a 
little  distance  from  the  Susquehanna  r.,  and  con- 
tains 1  Episcopal  church,  1  store,  1  saw  m.t  35 
dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Harpersville,  p-v.,  Shelby  co.,  Ala.,  91  E. 
Tuscaloosa,  763  W. 

Harpeth,  r.,  Tenn.,  rises  in  Williamson  co., 
and  after  a  course  of  about  60  ms.,  falls  into  Cum- 
berland r.,  19  ms.  n.  w.  Nashville.  It  is  naviga- 
ble for  boats  to  Franklin. 

Harpeth,  p-o.,  Williamson  co.,  Tenn.,  27  s. 
Nashville,  690  W. 

Harpswell,  t.,  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  22  n.  e. 
Portland,  4  s.  E.  Brunswick.  It  comprises  a 
promontory  in  the  n.  e.  part  of  Casco  bay,  and 
several  islands.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  it  pre- 
sents a  delightful  summer  residence.  The  fish- 
eries employ  a  portion  of  the  inhabitants.  It  has 
5  stores,    cap.    $2,000 ;    2   lumber    yards,    cap. 


Harmony,  p-v.,  Weakley  co.,  Tenn.,  132  w.  j  $6,000  ;  16  sch.  549  scholars.    Pop.  1,443 


Nashville,  822  W 

Harmony,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Mo.,  102  s.  e. 
Jefferson  city,  8%  W.  Situated  in  the  centre  of 
the  co.,  and  contains  lead  mines  on  Hazle  or.  It 
has  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m..  2  stores,  and  20  dwellings. 

Harmony,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  789. 

Harmony  Grove,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Ga.,  83  n. 
Milledgeville,  623  W. 

Harmony  Landing,  p-o.,  Oldham  co.,  Ky.,  51 
V.  w.  Frankfort,  593  W. 

Harmony  Vale,  p-v.,  Hardiston  t.,  Sussex 
co.,  N.  J.,  83  N.  Trenton,  252  W.  It  contains  a 
Presbyterian  church,  and  12  or  15  dwellings. 

Harnageville,  p-v.,  Cherokee  co.,  Ga.,  139 
N.  w.  Milledgeville,  670  W. 

Harper's  Ferry,  p-v.,  Jefferson  co.,  Va.,  173 
n.  Richmond,  57  W.  Situated  at  the  junction  of 
the  Shenandoah  r.  with  the  Potomac  r.,  at  the 

SLssage  of  the  united  stream  through  the  Blue 
idge,  so  finely  described  by  Mr.  Jefferson. 
There  is  probably  not  a  more  picturesque  spot  in 
the  United  States.     The  v.  contains  3  churches— 

1  Methodist,  1  Free  church,  1  Roman  Catholic — 

2  masonic  halls,  1  academy,  12  stores,  1  of  the 
largest  flouring  mills  in  the  Union,  1  iron  furnace, 
810  dwellings,  and  a  national  armory,  where  8,850 
small-arms  are  annually  manufactured,  employ- 
ing 240  hands.  In  the  armory,  80  or  90,000  stand 
of  arms  are  usually  kept,  and  as  they  are  sent 
away,  replaced  by  others  from  the  factories.  The 
Chesapeake  and  Ohio  canal  passes  along  the  \. 
bank  of  the  Potomac.  The  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
railroad  passes  through  this  place.  The  Potomac 
is  here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  750  feet  long  between 
the  abutments,  connecting  the  v.  with  ttie  Mary- 
land side.  Few  places  are  more  deserving  the 
attention  of  the  curious  traveller  than  this. 

Harper's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Abbeville  dist.,  S.  C, 
1 19  w.  Columbia,  556  W. 

Harpersfield,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.,  N.  Y.,  64  w. 
by  s.  Albany,  360  W.    The  surface  is  hilly  and  i  saw  ra 


Harqui,  p-o.,  Coosa  co.,  Ala. 

Harels  Store,  p-o.,  New  Hanover  co.,  N.C., 
116  s.  s.E.Raleigh,  346  W. 

Harriettstown,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  N.  Y.,  35 
s.  Malone,  190  n.  by  w.  Albany.  It  is  mostly  a 
wilderness.  The  surface  in  the  s.  e.  part  is 
mountainous.  It  contains  Lower  Saranac  lake, 
and  other  small  lakes  and  ponds,  forming  the 
sources  of  Racket  and  Saranac  rivers. 

Harrietsville,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  O.,  121  E. 
Columbus,  295  W. 

Harrington,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  127 
E.  Augusta,  710  W.  It  has  the  Atlantic  s.,  Plea- 
sant bay  on  the  e.,  and  Narraguagus  bay  on  the 
w.  Narraguagus  r.,  which  runs  on  its  w.  border, 
affords  water  power.  It  contains  3  stores,  1  tan- 
nery, 3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$45,136.  19  sch.  635  scholars.  Population, 
1,542. 

Harrington,  t,  Bergen  co.,  N.  J.  Bounded 
e.  by  Hudson  r.,  along  wliich  runs  the  Cluster 
mountains,  400  feet  high,  forming  the  Palisades. 
Otherwise,  the  surface  is  level ;  soil,  a  fertile 
loam,  well  cultivated.  Watered  by  Hackensack 
r.  and  its  branches.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $3,000 ; 
1  tannery,  1  distillery,  4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $5,21)0.  6  sch.  154  scholars.  Pop.  1,130. 

Harrington,  p-v.,  Cumberland  co.,  N.  C,  59 
s.  by  w.  Raleigh,  317  W. 

Harris,  county,  Ga.  Situated  on  the  w.  bor- 
der of  the  state,  and  contains  440  sq.  ms.  Pine 
mountain  runs  across  the  n.  part  of  the  co. 
Drained  by  Long,  Flat  Shoal,  Pine,  Mulberry, 
and  other  creeks,  tributaries  of  Chattahoochee  r., 
which  runs  on  its  w.  border.  Capital,  Hamilton. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,311,  sheep 
1,135,  swine  7,935  ;  wheat  12,585  bush,  produced, 
Ind.  corn  132,275,  oats  3,190,  po^toe8J'?°uD' co^ 
ton  719,300  pounds,    12  stores,   cap.  i*^,^uu ;  a 


I  acad.  70 


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266 


HAR 


students,  18  sch.  585  scholars.   Pop.  whites  7,482, 
staves  6,418,  free  col'd  33;  total,  13,933. 

Harris,  p-t.,  Centre  co.,  Pa.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap  $19,500 ;  1  furnace,  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac.^  3  tanneries,  1  pottery,  6  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $16,330.  1  acad.  23 
students,  5  sch.  210  scholars.     Pop.  1,978. 

Harris,  t.,  Ottowa  co.,  O.,  14  n.  Lower  San- 
dusky, at  the  rapids  of  Portage  r.,  where  there 
are  fine  mill  sites.    Pop.  318. 

Harris,  p-o.,  Louisa  co.,  Va.,  53  n.  w.  Rich- 
mond, 97  W. 

Harrisburg,  p-t.,  Lewis  co.,  N.  Y.,  145  w.  w. 
Albany,  427  W.  The  surface  is  mostly  level, 
and  the  soil  is  a  fertile  brown  loam.  Drained  by 
Deer  cr.  and  another  stream,  branches  of  Black 
r.,  which  afford  good  water  power.  It  has  2  saw 
m.,  12  sch.  285  scholars.     Pop.  850. 

Harrisburg,  city,  capital  of  Dauphin  co.,  and 
of  the  state  of  Pennsylvania,  is  situated  on  the  e. 
bank  of  the   Susquehanna,   98  n.  w.  by  w.  of 
Philadelphia,  184  e.  Pittsburg,  110  W.,  in  40<>  16' 
N.  lat.,  and  76°  50'  w.  long.     Pop.  1820,  3,000 ; 
1830,  4,307 ;    1840,  5,980.     Its  situation  is  com- 
manding, having  a  fine  view  of  the  river  and 
surrounding  country.     The  houses  are  well  built, 
and  generally  of  brick.     It  has  a  splendid  State 
House,  on  elevated  ground,  from  which  there  is 
a  gradual  descent  to  the  river.     The  building  is 
180  feet  long  by  80  feet  deep,  and  2  stories  high 
with  a  cupola.    The  exterior  of  the  building,  the 
interior     arrangements,     and    the    ornamented 
grounds  by  which  it  is  surrounded,  are  in  a  high 
degree  imposing.     The  county  court  house  is  a 
large  and  commodious  brick  building,  containing 
halls  for  the  courts  and  public  offices,  and  is  sur- 
mounted by  a  cupola.     The  county  prison  is  a 
large  stone   edifice,  with  a  spacious  yard,  and 
surrounded  by  a  high  stone  wall.    The  Lancas- 
terian  School  House  is  a  large  2  story  brick  build- 
ing, erected  at  the  expense  of  the  state.    There 
are  2  banks,  and  9  churches,  some  of  them  ele- 
gant structures — 1   Lutheran,  1  Presbyterian,  1 
Episcopal,   1  German  Reformed,  2  Methodist,  1 
Baptist,  1  Roman  Catholic,  and  1  African.     The 
Masonic  Hall  is  an  elegant  edifice,   and  a  fine 
market  house  is  located  at  the  centre  of  the  place, 
at  the  intersection  of  two  principal  streets.     The 
bridge  over  the   Susquehanna    is  a   fine   cov- 
ered structure,   extending  to  an  island  in  the 
river,  and  thence  to  the  opposite  bank,  2,876  feet 
long,  40  feet  wide,  50  feet  above  the  surface  of 
the  river,  and  cost  $155,000 ;  there  is  another 
recently  built.    There  were  in  1840,  3  commis 
sion  houses  engaged  in  for.  trade,  cap.  $23,500 ; 
76  retail  stores,  cap.  $319,860 ;  5  lumber  yards, 
cap.  $25,000 ;  1  forge,  2  tanneries,  3  breweries, 
2  potteries,  1  saw  m.,  12  printing  offices,  6  bin- 
deries, 11  weekly  newspapers,  1  periodical.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $195,450.    3  acad.  115  students,  12 
sch.  588  scholars. 

Harrisburg,  p-v.,  Pleasant  t.,  Franklin  co., 
O.,  23  s.  w.  Columbus,  416  W.  Situated  on 
Darby  cr.    Pop.  81. 

Harrisvili.e,  t.,  Medina  co.,  O.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $27,000 ;  1  fulling  in.,  1  tannery,  5 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,250 ;  6  sch.  246 
scholars.    Pop.  1,255. 

Harrisburg,  p-v.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.  C, 
251  w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  390  W. 

Harrisburg,  p-v.,  Fayette  co.,  la.,  56  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 523  W. 

Harrisburg,  p-v.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa. 
Harrison,  county,  Va.     Situated  in  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,095  sq.  ms.    Wa- 
tered by  the  w.  fork  of  Monongahela  r.  and  its 


Middle  Island  cr.  which  flow  w.  The  surface  is 
broken  ;  soil,  fertile.  Within  this  county  is  Rec- 
tor College,  under  the  direction  of  the  Methodists, 
founded  in  1839,  and  contains  a  president  and 
50  students,  independent  of  the  preparatory  de- 
partment. Capital,  Clarksburg.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  23,536,  sheep  35,119,  swine 
32,397 ;  wheat  135,774  bush  produced,  rye  8,608, 
Ind.  corn  420,900,  buckwheat  6,397,  oats  225,645, 
potatoes  62,235,  tobacco  22,800  pounds,  sugar 
200,372 ;  30  stores,  cap.  $93,700 ;  1  fulling  m.,  9 
tanneries,  38  distilleries,  2  potteries,  o0  grist  m.t 
53  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $130,320.  1  col- 
lege. 110  students,  18  sch.  436  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  16,850,  slaves  693,  free  col'd  126 ;  total, 
17,699.  J    - 

Harrison,  county,  Ky.  Situated  toward  the 
n.  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  358  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  the  s.  fork  of  Licking  r.  and  its  tribu- 
taries. Licking  r.  runs  through  its  N.  E.  part. 
The  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Capital,  Cynthiana. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  27,433,  sheep 
55,408,  swine  86,619;  wheat  350,979  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  111,225,  oats  240,266,  tobacco  31,521 
pounds,  cotton  2,471,  sugar  307,636 ;  42  stores, 
cap.  $193,350 ;  3  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  624 
sp.,  8  tanneries,  39  distilleries,  12  flouring  m.,  52 
grist  m.,  34  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $215,953.  27  sch. 
617  scholars.  Pop.  whites  8,995,  slaves  3,384, 
free  col'd  93  ;  total,  12,472. 

Harrison,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  e 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  486  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  hilly  and  broken,  and  the  soil  very  fer- 
tile. Drained  on  the  w.  by  Stillwater  cr.  and 
Conotten  cr.  and  their  branches,  which  flow  into 
Tuscarawas  r.,  and  on  the  e.  by  the  head  branch- 
es of  Indian  and  Indian  Short  creeks,  which  flow 
into  the  Ohio.  Capital,  Cadiz.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  16,290,  sheep  48,355,  swme 
30,778 ;  wheat  364,069  bush,  produced,  rye  14,302, 
buckwheat  15,330,  barley  322,  oats  353,932,  pota- 
totoes  70,111,  cotton  330,827  pounds,  sugar 
18,736  ;  43  stores,  cap.  $60,560;  10  fulling  m.,  2 
woollen  fac,  19  tanneries,  13  distilleries,  3  pot- 
teries, 3  flouring  m.,  37  grist  m.,  119  saw  m.,  2 
printing  offices,  3  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $129,135.  1  college,  80  students,  2  acad. 
45  students,  91  sch.  3,578  scholars.  Pop.  20,099. 
Harrison,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  470  sq.  ms.  The  Ohio 
r.  runs  by  a  curve  in  its  s.  e.,  s.,  and  s.  w.  border. 
Drained  by  Blue  r.,  and  Big  and  Little  Indian, 
and  Buck  creeks,  tribu  aries  of  the  Ohio  r.  Sur- 
face undulating  or  hilly;  soil,  on  the  streams, 
very  fertile,  otherwise  moderately  good.  Capi- 
tal, Corydon.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
9,038,  sheep  14,653,  swine  19,332  ;  wheat  66,203 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  164,949,  oats  73,878, 
potatoes  18,547;  8  tanneries,  22  distilleries,  1 
powder  m.,  7  flouring  m.,  20  grist  m.,  15  saw  m., 
1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.,  1  acad. 
90  students,  6  sch.  162  scholars.     Pop.  12,459. 

Harrison,  county,  Miss.  Situated  in  the  s. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  870  sq.  ms.  Sur- 
face level.  Soil,  light  and  sandy.  Drained  by 
Biloxi  r.  and  branches,  Wolf  and  Red  rivers. 
Capital,  Mississippi  city. 

Harrison,  p-t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  62  w.  s. 
w.  Augusta,  580  W.  Long  Pond  lies  on  its  s.  w. 
border  and  is  connected  with  Portland  by  a 
canal,  and  otherwise.  Crooked  r.  runs  on  its  e. 
border.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  wheat  In 
corporated  in  1805.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $J,000 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  14 


branches  which  flow  n.,  and  by  head  waters  of  1  sch.  481  scholars.    Pop.  1,243 


HAR 


267 


HAR 


Harrison,  t.,  Westchester  co.,  N.  Y.,  3  e. 
White  Plains,  134  s.  Albany.  The  surface  is 
generally  level ;  soil,  a  fertile  loam,  and  well 
cultivated.  Drained  by  Blind  brook,  and  Ma- 
maroneck  cr.,  which  flow  into  Long  Island  sound. 
It  has  7  sch.  180  scholars.     Pop.  1,139. 

Harrison,  t.,  Hudson  co.,  N.  J.  Situated  be- 
tween the  Hackensack  and  Passaic  rivers.  Sur- 
face level,  mostly  salt  marsh.  It  has  1  pottery, 
1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,550.  4  sch.  127 
scholars.     Pop.  1,156. 

Harrison,  t.,  Potter  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  saw  m., 
4  sch.  90  scholars.     Pop.  497. 

Harrison,  p-v.,  Crosby  t.,  Hamilton  co.,  O., 
126  w.  s.  w.  Columbus,  21  n.  w.  Cincinnati,  510 
W.  Situated  on  the  N.  side  of  Whitewater  r.  It 
contains  3  churches,  6  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1 
carding  machine,  100  dwellings,  and  about  400 
inhabitants.  The  main  street  runs  on  the  line 
between  Ohio  and  Indiana,  so  that  about  one 
third  of  the  inhabitants  are  in  Indiana. 

Harrison,  t.,  Carroll  co.,  O.  It  contains  the 
v.  of  Harrisburg.    It  has  1  school.    Pop.  1,308. 

Harrison,  t.,  Champaign  co.,  O.  Watered  by 
Stony  cr.  The  line  of  the  Mad  River  and 
Lake  Erie  railroad  passes  through  it.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $1,500  ;  2  saw  m.     Pop.  790. 

Harrison,  t.,  Darke  co.,  O.,  contains  New 
Madison  and  Braffitsville  villages.  It  has  2  sch. 
63  scholars.     Pop.  1,667. 

Harrison,  t.,  Gallia  co.,  O.  Drained  by  Ra- 
coon cr.    Pop.  698. 

Harrison,  t.,  Jackson  co.,  O.  It  has  2  saw 
m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,050^    Pop.  378. 

Harrison,  t.,  Knox  co.,  O.  Watered  by  Ver- 
non r.     It  has  7  sch.  250  scholars.     Pop.  833. 

Harrison,  t.,  Van  Wert  co.,  O.    Pop.  169. 

Harrison,  t.,  Licking  co.,  O.  Watered  by  the 
s.  fork  of  Licking  r.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil, 
fertile.  It  contains  the  reservoir  of  the  Licking 
summit  of  the  Ohio  canal.  It  has  9  sch.  292 
scholars.     Pop.  870. 

Harrison,  t.,  Logan  co.,  O.  It  has  3  sch.  85 
scholars.     Pop.  658. 

Harrison,  t.,  Preble  co.,  O.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile, and  tolerably  well  cultivated.     Pop.  1,706. 

Harrison,  t.,  Scioto  co.,  O.  The  surface  is 
hilly ;  soil,  fertile.  It  contains  4  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.    Pop.  636. 

Harrison,  t.,  Pickaway  co.,  O.  Situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  Scioto  r.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $4,000  ; 
1  distillery,  2  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,810.  6  sch.  133  scholars. 
Pop.  1,149. 

Harrison,  t.,  Blackford  co.,  la.    Pop.  387. 

Harrison,  t.,  Clay  co.,  la.  It  has  I  store, 
cap.  $1,000  ;  1  grist  m.,  1  school.     Pop.  674. 

Harrison,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  la.  It  has  2  grist 
m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,500.     Pop.  399. 

Harrison,  t.,  Harrison  co.,  la.  It  has  3  tan- 
neries, 9  distilleries,  1  powder  m.,  1  printing 
office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  3  flouring  m.,  6  grist 
m.,  6  saw  m.     2  sch.  56  scholars.    Pop.  3,253. 

Harrison,  t.,  Henry  co.,  la.    Pop.  788. 

Harrison,  t.,  Owen  co.,  la.  It  has  2  sch.  175 
scholars.     Pop.  401. 

Harrison,  t.,  Perry  co.,  O.  It  has  1  pottery, 
1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,565 
5  sch.  122  scholars.    Pop.  1,034. 

Harrison,  t.,  Macomb  co.,  Mich.  The  soil  is 
fertile.     It  has  9  sch.  181  scholars.     Pop.  395. 

Harrison,  p-v.,  Union  co.,  Ark.,  98  s.  Little 
Rock,  1,163  W. 

Harrison,  p-o.,  Louisa  co.,  Iowa. 

Harrison,  p-v.,  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn. 

Harrisonburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Rockingham 
co.,  Va.,  131  n.  w.  Richmond,  131 W.     It  contains 


a  court  house,  jail,  market  house,  2  churches — 
1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist — a  printing 
office,  with  a  weekly  newspaper,  150  dwellings, 
and  about  1,100  inhabitants. 

Harrisonburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Catahoola  par., 
La.,  236  n.  w.  New  Orleans,  1,150  W.  Situated 
on  the  w.  side  of  Ouchitta  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Harrison's  Mills,  p-o.,  Crawford  co.,  Mo., 
88  s.  e.  Jefferson  city,  902  W.  Situated  on  the 
E.  side  of  Maramec  r. 

Harrison's  Tan  Yard,  p-o.,  Christian  co., 
Ky.,  206  s.  w.  Frankfort,  742  W. 

Harrison  Valley,  p-o.,  Potter  co.,  Pa..  174 
N.  w.  Harrisburg,  298  W 

Harrisonville,  p-o.,  Gloucester,  co.,  N.  J. 

Harrisonville,  p-v.,  Shelby  co.,  Ky.,  39  w 
Frankfort,  557  W. 

Harrisonville,  p-o.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa. 

Harrisonville,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  111.,  127  s. 
s.  w.  Springfield,  840  W.  Situated  on  the  e. 
bank  of  the  Mississippi  r.  Contains  a  store  and 
several  dwellings. 

Harrisonville,  p-v.,  Meigs  co.,  O. 

Harrisonville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Van  Buren 
co.,  Mo.,  174  w.  Jefferson  city,  1,073  W.  Situ- 
ated on  the  N.  side  of  Grand  r.,  a  branch  of  Osage 
r.  It  contains  a  court  house  and  several  dwell- 
ings. 

Harrisville,  p-v.,  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  224  w.  N. 
w.  Harrisburg,  264  W.  It  contains  2  stores,  and 
10  or  12  dwellings. 

Harrisville,  p-v.,  Short  Creek  t.,  Harrison 
co.,  O.,  123  e.  n.  e.  Columbus,  278  W.  It  con- 
tains 3  stores. 

Harrisville,  p-v.,  Dinwiddie  co.,  Va.,  53  s. 
Richmond,  172  W. 

Harrisville,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  N.  C. 
126  w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  400  W. 

Harrodsburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Mercer  co.,  Ky., 
31  s.  Frankfort,  553  W.  Situated  8  ms.  s.  of  Ken- 
tucky r.,  on  a  small  branch  of  Salt  river.  It  was 
early  settled.  It  contains  a  Presbyterian  and  a 
Methodist  church,  a  bank,  an  academy,  2  sch. 
55  scholars.  Pop.  1,254.  It  has  a  mineral  spring 
much  resorted  to.  Here  is  located  Bacon  Col- 
lege, founded  in  1836,  and  contains  a  president 
and  8  professors,  or  other  instructors,  203  stu- 
dents, and  1,200  vols,  in  its  libraries.  The  com- 
mencement is  on  the  last  Friday  in  September. 

Hart,  county,  Ky.  Situated  a  little  s.  w.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  432  sq.  ms. 
Watered  by  Green  r.  and  Bacon  cr.  The  sur- 
face is  level ;  soil,  very  fertile.  Capital,  Mum- 
fordsville.  There  wrere  in  1810,  neat  cattle 
5,599,  sheep  6,8J6,  swine  9,933;  wheat  21,869 
bushels  produced,  rye  1,950,  Ind.  corn  144,772, 
oats  64,209,  potatoes  4,909,  tobacco  346,624 
pounds,  cotton  2,471 ;  8  stores,  cap.  $35,500  5  2 
cotton  fac.  538  sp.,  3  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  13 
grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $69,855.  9 
sch.  241  scholars.  Pop. 'whites  5,978,  slaves 
1,009,  free  col'd  44 ;  total,  7,031. 

Hart,  t.,  Warwick  co.,  la.  It  has  20  stores, 
cap.  $20,000 ;  3  sch.  100  scholars.     Pop.  888. 

Hartfield,  v.,  Chautauque  t.,  Chautauque  co., 
N.  Y.  Situated  on  a  stream  1  m.  N.  Chautauque 
Lake,  and  contains  3  stores,  1  grist  ra.,  1  saw  m., 
1  tannery,  30  dwellings,  and  180  inhabitants. 

Hartford,  county,  Ct.  Situated  n.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  727  sq.  miles. 
Organized  in  1666,  when  it  contained  several 
other  counties.  Connecticut  r.  runs  through  the 
middle  of  the  countv-  Farmington  r.  and  Mill 
r.  enter  the  Connecticut  on  the  w.,  and  Podunk, 
Scantic,  and  other  small  tributaries  on  the  e. 
Its  streams  afford  good  water  power.    Capital, 


HAR 


268 


HAR 


Hartford.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
35  632,  sheep  48,414,  swine  19,562 ;  wheat 
13  449  bushels  produced,  rye  177,516,  Ind.  corn 
278,863,  buckwheat  66,571,  barley  1,394,  oats 
219,084,  potatoes  278,863,  tobacco  471,380  pounds, 
silk'  cocoons  2,826,  sugar  5,600 ;  13  houses  in 
foreign  trade,  cap.  $383,000;  371  stores,  cap. 
$2,346,345  ;  8  lumber  yards,  cap.  $83,000  ;  cap. 
invested  in  fisheries,  $3,540  ;  value  of  hardware 
and  cutlery  manufactured,  $325,900 ;  28  fulling 
m.,  20  woollen  fac,  12  cotton  fac  12,930  sp.,  4 
dyeing  and  print,  estab.,  26  tanneries,  32  distil- 
leries,^ powder  m.,  7  potteries,  2  rope  fac,  1  flour- 
ing m.,  51  grist  m.,  81  saw  m.,  19  paper  fac,  11 
printing  offices,  7  binderies,  6  periodicals,  1  daily, 
10  weekly,  3  semi-weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $3,161,365;  2  colleges,  118  students,  18 
acad.  1,043  students,  240  sch.  10,983  scholars. 
Pop.  55,629. 

Hartford,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Mc,  34  w.  Augus- 
ta, 600  W.  It  is  a  good  agricultural  t.  The  sur- 
face is  uneven,  and  the  soil  adapted  to  grain  and 
grazing.  It  has  1  store,  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  1 
grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. in  manufac.  $1,300.  528 
scholars  in  schools.     Pop.  1,472. 

Hartford,  p-t.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  52  s.  s.  E. 
Montpelier,  487  W.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and 
the  soil  fertile.  Watered  by  White  and  Water- 
queechy  rivers.  Connecticut  r.  bounds  it  on  the 
E.  The  principal  v.  is  situated  on  Connecticut  r., 
at  the  mouth  of  White  r.  There  are  in  the  t.,  6 
stores,  cap.  $44,000  ;  3  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac, 
3  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $155,780.  21  sch.  683  scholars.  Pop.  2,194. 
Hartford,  city,  capital  of  Hartford  co.,  Ct., 
and  the  semi-capital  of  the  state  Situated  on  the 
w.  side  of  Connecticut  river,  50  miles  from  its 
mouth,  at  the  head  of  sloop  navigation ;  and  is 
in  41°  45'  n.  lat.,  and  70°  50'  w.  Ion.  from  Green- 
wich, and  4°  15'  e.  Ion.  from  W.  It  is  34  miles 
N.  N.  E.  from  New  Haven;  44  N.  w.  from  New 
.London ;  70  w.  from  Providence;  100  w.  s.  w. 
from  Boston;  97  s.  e.  from  Albany  ;  and  123  n. 
E.  from  New  York ;  336  W.  The  population  in 
1810,  was  3,955 ;  in  1820,  4,726  ;  in  1830,  7,076 ; 
in  1840,  9,463.  Engaged  in  commerce,  575  ;  in 
manufactures  and  trades,  1,081;  learned  pro- 
fessions, 112. 

The  compact  part  of  the  city  is  more  than  a 
mile  in  length,  and  three  fourths  of  a  mile  wide. 
The  ground  rises  gradually  from  the  river,  and 
on  the  w.  and  s.  becomes  considerably  elevated. 
The  streets  are  not  laid  out  with  great  regularity. 
Main-street,  which  passes  through  the  place  in  a 
N.  and  s.  direction,  about  60  rods  from  the  river, 
is  broad,  and  well  built ;  and  Little  river,  which 
crosses  the  s.  part  of  the  city  from  west  to  east, 
is  crossed  in  this  street  by  a  stone  bridge,  100  feet 
wide,  consisting  of  a  single  arch  of  104  feet  span, 
over  30  feet  above  the  bed  of  the  river.  Many  of 
the  streets  have  fine  houses  in  pleasant  locations. 
Little  river  furnishes,  in  the  city,  some  valuable 
water  power.  Hartford  is  well  situated  to  be- 
come a  considerable  commercial  capital.  Con- 
necticut r.,  which  has  been  made  navigable  for 
boats,  220  miles,  to  the  mouth  of  Wells  river,  in 
Newbury,  Vt.,  opens  an  extensive  country  to  it 
at  the  north.  A  covered  bridge,  1,000  feet  long, 
and  which  cost  about  $100,000,  connects  the 
city  with  East  Hartford.  A  line  of  steamboats 
connects  the  city  with  New  York ;  and  a  railroad 
extends  33  miles  to  New  Haven. 

Among  the  public  buildings  and  institutions, 
is  the  state  house,  a  spacious  and  handsome  edi- 
fice, fronting  on  Mam-street.  The  legislature 
now  meets  here,  on  each  alternate  year,  the  odd 
years  at  Hartford.    The  city  hall  is  a  large  and 


commodious  building  of  the  Doric  order  of  ar- 
chitecture.   Washington  College  has  an  elevated 
and  commanding  position  in  the  western  part  of 
the  city,   has  2  large  edifices,  was  founded  in 
1821,  has  a  president  and  8  other  professors  or 
instructors,  has  had  175  alumni,  of  whom  42  have 
been  ministers,  has  80  students,  and  6,500  vols, 
in  its  libraries ;    its   philosophical    apparatus   is 
quite   complete,   a  cabinet  of    minerals  and   a 
botanical  garden  are  connected  with  the  institu- 
tion.    It  is  under  the   direction   of  the  Episco- 
palians.   The   commencement    is    on   the    first 
Thursday  of  August.     The  American  Asylum, 
for  the  instruction  of  the  deaf  and  dumb,  was  the 
first  establishment  of  the  kind   in   the  United 
States,   and   has    prepared    teachers   for  other 
similar  institutions.     The  Rev.  Thomas  H.  Gal- 
laudet,  its  first  principal,  visited  Europe,  andpar- 
ticulary  France,  to  obtain  the  requisite  informa- 
tion, and  was  eminently  successful.     In  addition 
to  funds  granted  by  the  state,  and  by  individuals, 
the  United  States  granted  a  township  of  land, 
in  Alabama,   consisting    of  upwards   of  23,000 
acres,  which  constitutes  a  permanent  fund,  and 
enables  the  institution  to  afford  instruction  on 
very  favorable  terms.     It  has  a  large  and  com- 
modious building,  in  a  commanding  situation,  in 
the  w.  part  of  the  city,  surrounded  by  8  or  10 
acres  of  land  belonging  to  the  establishment.    It 
has,  usually,  about  140  pupils.  The  Retreat  for  the 
Insane,  is  on  a  commanding  eminence,  a  mile  and 
a  quarter  s.  from  the  state  house,  and  was  opened 
in  April,  1824.     It  has  a  spacious  and  fine  stone 
edifice,  covered  with  cement,  and,  with  the  sur- 
rounding grounds,  has  a  handsome  appearance. 
It  is  well  conducted,  and  is  one  of  the  best  insti- 
tutions of  the  kind  in  the  United  States.    The 
Atheneum,  an  elegant  edifice  of  the  Gothic  order 
of  architecture,  is  now  being  constructed,  intend- 
ed to  accommodate  the  "Young  Men's  Institute," 
"  Historical  Society,"  and  Gallery  of  Paintings. 
There  are,  in  the  city,  12  churches — 5  Congre- 
gational, 2  Episcopal,  2  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  1 
Universalist,   1  Roman  Catholic.     There  are  5 
banks,  with  an  aggregate  cap.  of  over  $3,000,000, 
a  bank  for  savings,  3  fire  and  marine  insurance 
companies,  an  arsenal,  a  museum,  and  2  markets. 
There  were  in  1840,  3  for.  commercial  and 
10  commission  houses,  cap.  $333,000 ;  245  retail 
stores,  cap.  $1,954,250  ;  6  lumber  yards,  capital 
$76,000;    machinery  produced,   $6,000;    5   fur- 
naces, cap.  $54,000;  precious  metals  produced, 
$27,000;    various   metals,   $121,500;    silk,  cap. 
$30,000  ;  1  tannery,  cap.  $500  ;  manufac.  of  lea- 
ther, cap.  $130,370;  1  pottery,  cap.  $12,000;  1 
ropewalk,  cap.  $6,000 ;  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m., 
2  saw  m.,  cap.  $43,000 :    1 1  printing  offices,  6 
binderies,  1  daily,  10  weekly,  and  3  semi-week- 
ly newspapers,  6  periodicals,  employed  191  per- 
sons, cap.  $43,775.     Total  cap.  in  manufactures, 
$573,195.      1  college,  79  students,  5  acad.  535 
students,  8  sch.  1,252  scholars. 

The  Indian  name  of  Hartford  was  Suckiag. 
In  1633  a  company  of  Dutch  Vaders  came  to 
Hartford,  and  built  a  house  at  the  mouth  of  Little 
river,  which  they  called  the  Hirse  of  Good  Hope, 
and  erected  a  small  fort,  in  which  they  planted  2 
cannon;  they  opposed  the  first  English  settle- 
ment, but  at  length  relinquished  their  claim. 

Hartford  was  first  permanently  settled  in  1635, 
by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Hooker,  and  a  party  of  emigrants 
who  travelled  through  the  wilderness,  with  their 
cattle,  from  Newtown,  (now  Cambridge,)  Mass., 
subsisting  chiefly  on  the  milk  of  their  cows.  It 
was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1734. 

Hartford,  t.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $11,000;  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries, 


HAR 


269 


HAR 


2  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,850. 
1  acad.  150  students,  10  sell.  23J  scholars.  Pop. 
1,179. 

Hartford,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  N.  Y.,  14  n. 
Salem,  57  n.  n.  e.  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  the  soil  a  sandy  and  clay  loam.  Drained  by- 
branches  of  Wood  cr.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the 
northern  post  road,  and  contains  1  Baptist  and  1 
Universafist  church,  3  Btores,  25  dwellings,  and 
150  inhabitants.  The  t.  contains  5  stores,  cap. 
$14,500  ;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1  acad. 
10  students,  7  sch.  185  scholars.  Pop.  about  2,164. 

Hartford,  p  v.,  capital  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  154 
W.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  696  W.  Situated  on  the  s. 
side  of  Rough  cr.,  a  main  branch  of  Kentucky  r., 
and  near  the  junction  of  Mead  cr.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  and  309  inhabitants. 

Hartford,  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  187  n.  e. 
Columbus,  299  W.  The  soil  is  fertile  and  well 
cultivated.  It  contains  good  quarries  of  building 
stone.  It  has  2  churches,  11  sch.  400  scholars. 
Pop.  1,123. 

Hartford,  t.,  Licking  co.,  O.  Situated  near 
the  centre  of  the  state.  The  village  contains  2 
churches,  3  stores,  30  dwellings,  and  about  150 
inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.,  6  sch.  350 
scholars.     Pop.  1,355. 

Hartford,  v.,  Pulaski  co.,  Ga.  Situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  Ocmulgee  r.,  and  contains  12  stores, 
and  about  40  dwellings.  Sea  shells  are  found 
here  in  great,  abundance,  on  the  banks  of  the  r., 
which  is  130  miles  distant  from  the  ocean. 

Hartford,  p-v.,  Delaware  co.,  la.,  93  n.  e. 
Indianapolis,  525  W. 

Hartford,  p-v.,  capital  of  Blackford  co.,  la., 
81  n.  C.  Indianapolis,  552  W. 

Hartford,  t.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  76. 

Hartford,  t.,  Pike  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch.  21 
scholars.     Pop.  776. 

Hartford,  p-v.,  Knox  co.,  HI.,  93  n.  n.  w. 
Springfield,  525  W. 

Hartford,  p-v.,  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa. 

Hartland,  p-t.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  47  n.  by  E. 
Augusta,  642  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to 
grain  and  to  grazing.  A  large  pond  lies  in  its  N. 
part,  from  which  flows  a  main  branch  of  Sebas- 
ticook  r.  Incorporated  in  1820.  It  has  1  saw 
m.,  8  sch.  432  scholars.     Pop.  1,023. 

Hartland,  p-t.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  62  s.  s.  e. 
Montpelier,  477  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank  of 
Connecticut  r.  The  surface  is  diversified,  and 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Drained  by  Waterqueechy  r. 
and  Lull's  brook,  which  afford  water  power. 
Chartered  in  1761  by  N.  H.,  and  in  1766  by  N. 
Y.  First  settled  in  1763.  It  has  6  stores,  cap. 
$24,000 ;  3  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries, 
2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $49,500. 
1  acad.  30  students,  20  sch.  791  scholars.  Pop. 
2,341. 

Hartland,  p-t.,  Hartford  co.,  Ct.,  24  n.  n.  e. 
Hartford,  360  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous, 
and  the  soil  adapted  to  grazing.  Watered  by 
the  e.  branch  of  Farmington  r.  Incorporated 
in  1761.     It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $6,500  ;  1  tannery, 

1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $44,000. 
9  sch.  179  scholars.     Pop.  1,060. 

Hartland,  p-t.,  Niagara  co.,  N.  Y.,  270  w. 
by  n.  Albany,  410  W.  The  surface  is  level ; 
soil,  sandy  and  calcareous  loam.  Watered  by 
Johnson's  and  Eighteen  Mile  creeks,  which  flow 
into  Lake  Ontario.     It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $7,500 ; 

2  fulling  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,550. 
1  acad.  19  students,  8  sch.  452  scholars.  Pop. 
2,350. 

Hartland,  p-t.,  Huron  co.,  O.,  9  s.  e.  Nor- 
walk,  106  n.  by  e.  Columbus,  384  W.  It  has  5 
sch.  155  scholars.    Pop.  925. 


t .  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  W  w. 

W.     It  has  4  sch.  103  scholars. 


Hartland,  p-t 
by  N.  Detroit,  571 
Pop. 570. 

Hartland,  p-v.,  McIIenry  co.,  111.,  226  n.  n. 
e.  Springfield,  778  W. 

Hartley,  t.,  Union  co.,  Pa.  It  has  3  stores, 
2  fulling  m.,  1  forge,  1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  3 
flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $23,750.  7  sch.  280  scholars.  Pop 
1,866. 

Hartleyton,  p-v.,  Hartley  t.,  Union  co.,  Pa., 
81  n.  Harrisburg,  191  W.  It  contains  a  Luther- 
an church,  3  stores,  and  30  or  40  dwellings. 

Hart's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa., 
248  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  306  W. 

Hart's  Grove,  p-t.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.,  181  n. 
e.  Columbus,  332  W.  Organized  in  1820.  It 
has  1  store,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Pop 
553. 

Hartshorn,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C,  61  n.  w. 
Raleigh,  304  W. 

Hart's  Location,  p-o.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H.,  88  n. 
Concord,  574  W. 

Hart's  Mills,  p-o.,  Ripley  co.,  la.,  78  s.  E. 
Indianapolis,  540  W. 

Hart's  Village,  p-o.,  Washington  t.,  Dutch- 
ess co.,  N.  Y.,  80  s.  Albany,  314  W. 

Hartsville,  p-v.,  Tyringham  t.,  Berkshire 
co.,  Mass.,  134  w.  by  s.  Boston,  361  W. 

Hartsville,  p-v.,  Manlius  t.,  Onondaga  co., 
N.  Y.,  128  n.  by  w.  Albany,  354  W.  It  con- 
tains 1  store,  1  cotton  fac,  1  woollen  fac,  and 
about  30  dwellings. 

Hartsville,  p-v.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  108  e. 
Harrisburg,  157  W.  Situated  on  the  line  between 
Warminster  and  Warwick  townships,  and  con- 
tains a  store,  and  12  or  15  dwellings. 

Hartsville,  p-v.,  Sumner  co.,  Tenn.,  45  n. 
e.  Nashville,  643  W.  Situated  on  the  N.  side  of 
Cumberland  r.,  and  contains  1  church,  1  female 
seminary,  and  300  inhabitants. 

Hartsville,  p-v.,  Bartholomew  co.,  la.,  54  a 
Indianapolis,  566  W. 

Hartsville,  p-o.,  Darlington  Dist.,  S.  C,  105 
E.  by  n.  Columbus,  477  W. 

Hartsville,  p-o.,  Stark  co.,  O.,  136  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 321  W. 

Hartsville,  p-o.,  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.,  83 
N.  w.  Detroit,  586  W. 

Hartville,  v.,  capital  of  Wright  co.,  Mo. 
Situated  on  the  n.  side  of  Wood's  Fork  of 
Gasconade  r. 

Hartwick,  p-t.,  Otsego  co.,  N.  Y.,  74  w.  Al- 
bany, 367  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  a  fer- 
tile sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Otego  cr.  and 
Susquehanna  r.  The  v.  is  situated  in  the  valley 
of  the  Otego  cr.,  in  the  n.  w.  part  of  the  t.,  and 
contains  1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Metho- 
dist church,  7  stores,  1  iron  foundry,  1  grist  m., 
1  saw  m.,  1  clothier's  works,  70  dwellings,  and 
about  400  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.,  7 
stores,  cap.  $19,200;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
1  cotton  fac.  2,616  sp.,  3  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $79,200.  2  acad. 
75  students,  17  sch.  1,006  scholars.     Pop.  2,490. 

Hartwick  Seminary,  p-v.,  Hartwick  t., 
Otsego  co.,  N.  Y.,  73  w.  Albany,  369  W.  Situ- 
ated on  Susquehanna  r.,  in  the  e.  part  of  the  t. 
Here  is  situated  the  "Hartwick  Seminary," 
under  the  direction  of  the  Lutherans,  for  a  litera- 
ry and  theological  education.  Founded  in  1816, 
by  a  donation  of  $80,000,  by  John  Christopher 
Hartwick.  The  number  of  students  is  small. 
It  has  a  library  of  1,000  vols.  Here  are  also  a 
Lutheran  church,  and  about  20  dwellings. 

Hart  wood,  p-o.,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  Y.,  118  s. 
W.Albany,  276 W. 


HAT 


270 


HAV 


"TIartwood,  p-o.,  Stafford  co.,  Va.,  72  N.  Rich- 
mond, 63  W. 

Harvard,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  32  N. 
w  Boston,  472  W.  Organized  in  1732.  Nash- 
ua r.  runs  on  its  w.  border.  Watered  by  Stony 
r  which  proceeds  from  a  large  pond,  near  the 
centre  of  the  t.  The  v.  at  the  centre,  near  the 
outlet  of  the  pond,  contains  1  Congregational 
and  1  Unitarian  church.  In  the  n.  e.  pari  of  the 
t  is  a  society  of  Shakers.  There  are  in  the  t., 
3  stores,  cap.  $15,500  ;  3  paper  fac,  4  grist  m.,  4 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $23,900. 
scholars.     Pop.  1,571. 

Harveys,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Pa., 
Harrisburg,  239  W. 

Harveysburgh,  p-v.,  Wayne  t.,  Warren  co., 
O.,  81  n.  e.  Columbus,  455  W.  It  contains  about 
4o'dwellings,  and  300  inhabitants. 

Harvey's    Store,  p-o.,  Charlotte   co.,  Va., 
7  W. 


9  sch.  434 
223 


Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  108  n. 
Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  89  s.  E. 


110  s.  w.  Richmond,  19' 
Harveysville,  p-v., 
E.  Harrisburg,  219  W. 

Harwich,  p-t., 
Boston,  490  W.  It  has  the  Atlantic  on  the  s. 
Incorporated  in  1694.  Watered  by  Long  pond 
and  Herring  r.  its  outlet,  which  affords  water 
power.  2,310  bush,  salt  were  manufactured  in 
1840.  The  cod  and  mackerel  fisheries  employ 
most  of  the  inhabitants.  It  has  12  stores,  cap. 
$21,850;  8  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,000. 
13  sch.  1,127  scholars.     Pop.  2,930. 

Harwinton,  p-t.,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct.,  24  w. 
Hartford,  334  W.  The  surface  is  elevated 
and  uneven,  and  the  soil  adapted  to  grazing 
Incorporated  in  1737.  Watered  by  Naugatuc  r., 
which  runs  on  its  w.  border,  and  Lead  Mine  r 
its  tributary.  The  v.  contains  1  Congregational 
and  1  Episcopal  church,  and  20  or  30  dwellings 
There  are  in  the  t.,  1  cotton  fac,  4  grist  m.,  8 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,900.  12  sch.  312 
scholars.  Pop.  1,201. 
Haskellville,  p-o.,  Lawrence  co.,  O. 
Haskinsville,  p-v.,  Greene  co.,  Ky.,  97  s.  s. 
w.  Frankfort,  620  W. 

Hastings,  p-t.,  Oswego  co.,  N.  Y.,  150  w.  n. 
W.  Albany,  371  W.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil, 
sandy  loam,  adapted  to  grass.  Drained  by 
Salmon  cr.  on  the  N.,  and  the  outlet  of  Oneida 
lake  on  its  s.  border.  It  has  6  stores,  cap. 
$9,950;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures  $9,350.  1  acad. 
48  students,  22  sch.  519  scholars.  Population 
1,983. 

Hastings,  v.,  Yonkers  t.,  Westchester  co.,  N. 
Y.,  20  n.  New  York.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of 
Hudson  r.,  and  has  a  convenient  landing.  It 
contains  a  store,  and  12  or  15  dwellings. 

Hastings,  p-o.,  Richland  co.,  O.,  70  n.  by  e. 
Columbus,  376  W. 

Hastings,  p-t.,  capital  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  144 
w.  by  n.  Detroit,  609  W.  The  v.  is  situated  on 
Thornapple  r.,  which  affords  extensive  water 
power.  It  has  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$800.    3  sch.  45  scholars.    Pop.  279. 

Hat,  p-o.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  50  s.  E.  Harris- 
burg, 125  W. 

Hat  Creek,  p-o.,  Campbell  co.,  Va. 
Hatborough,.  p-v.,  Moreland  t.,  Montgomery 
co.,  Pa.,  17  N.  Philadelphia,  112  e.  Harrisburg, 
153  W.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  near  Penny- 
pack  cr.,  and  contains  a  well  endowed  academy, 
a  public  library,  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  and  over  40 
dwellings. 

Hatchersville,  p-o.,  Chesterfield  co.,  Va. 
Hatchy,  p-o.,  Hayward  co.,  Tenn.,  164  w. 
Nashville,  849  W, 


flowing  N.  w.,  w.,  and  s.  w.,  over  100  ms.,  falls 
into  the  Mississippi,  at  Randolph. 

Hatfield,  p-t.,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  97  w. 
Boston,  334  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Con- 
necticut r.  The  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Watered 
by  Mill  r.  It  contains  a  pleasant  v.,  which  has 
a  congregational  church.  A  bridge  across  Con- 
necticut r.  connects  it  with  Hadley.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $4,000  :  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $7,700.  6  sch.  235  scholars.  Pop.  933. 
Hatfield,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  24  n.  w. 
Philadelphia.  The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  sandy 
loam.  Watered  by  Neshaminy  and  Towamen- 
sing  creeks.  It  contains  the  v.  of  Lexington.  It 
has  3  stores,  cap.  $7,000.     Pop.  895. 

Hatteras,  cape,  N.  C,  a  stormy  and  danger- 
ous low  promontory  on  the  s.  w.  end  of  an  isl- 
and, composed  of  sand  and  rock,  which  encloses 
Pamlico  sound.  It  is  the  dread  of  navigators, 
and  has  been  the  occasion  of  many  shipwrecks. 
Situated  in  35°  15'  n.  lat.,  and  75°  30'  w.  Ion. 

Havanna,  p-v.,  Catherines  t.,  Chemung  co.,  N. 
Y.,  194  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  299  W.  Situated  on 
the  inlet  of  Seneca  lake,  3  miles  from  its  mouth, 
and  on  the  line  of  the  Chemung  canal.  Incor- 
porated in  1336.  It  contains  1  Presbyterian  and 
1  Methodist  church,  9  stores,  1  warehouse,  1  cot- 
ton fac,  2  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  plas- 
ter m.,  1  furnace,  1  tannery,  2  boat  yards,  100 
dwellings,  and  about  700  inhabitants. 
Havanna,  v.,  Licking  co.,  O.  Pop.  54. 
Havanna,  p-v.,  Greene  co.,  Ala.,  25  s.  Tusca- 
loosa, 844  W. 

Havanna,  p-v.,  capital.  Mason  co.,  111.,  45  n. 
n.  w.  Springfield,  825  W.  Situated  on  the  E. 
side  of  Illinois  r.,  directly  opposite  to  the  mouth 
of  Spoon  r.  It  is  on  a  high  sandy  ridge,  5  J  feet 
above  the  highest  flood  of  the  r.  It  has  a  con- 
venient landing. 

Havensville,  p-o.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  157  n. 
Harrisburg,  264  W. 

Haverford,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  95  s.  e. 
Harrisburg,  8  Philadelphia,  137  W.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  ;  soil,  a  fertile  sandy  loam,  well  cul- 
tivated. Darby  cr.  runs  on  its  w.  boundary. 
Cobb's  cr.  runs  through  the  e.  part.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $3,000  ;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $4,500  ; 
1  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  lac  150  sp., 
1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$55  000.  1  college,  78  students,  3  sch.  2i)5  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,139.  -  , 

Haverhill,  p-t.,  semi-capital  of  Grafton  co., 
N.  H.,  70  n.  n.  w.  Concord,  515  W.  Situated  on 
the  E.  side  of  Connecticut  r.  Incorporated  in 
1764.  Watered  by  Hazen's  and  Oliverian  brooks, 
which  flow  into  Connecticut  r.  The  principal  v., 
called  Haverhill  Corner,  is  pleasantly  situated  on 
the  s.  side  of  Oliverian  brook,  near  its  entrance 
into  Connecticut  r.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  banking  house,  an  academy,  a  Congrega- 
tional church,  a  printing  office,  and  about  60 
dwellings,  many  of  them  handsome.  There  are 
in  the  t.  6  stores,  cap.  $2,300;  2  tanneries,  1 
printing  office,  1  weekly  paper,  4  grist  m.,  9  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $40,075.  9  sch.  532  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  2,784.  *  -,       . 

Haverhill,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  32  n.  by 
w.  Boston,  462  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of 
Merrimac  r.,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  opposite 
to  Bradford,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  an 
elegant  bridge,  800  feet  long.  There  is  another 
bridge  in  the  e.  part  of  the  t,  1,000  feet  long, 
where  is  another  v.,  containing  a  Baptist  church. 
The  principal  v.  contains  4  churches— 1  Congre- 
gational, 1  Baptist,  1  Unitarian,  and  1  Universal- 
lst— a  bank,  2  printing  offices,  and  various  manu- 


Hatchy,  r.,  Tenn.,  rises  in  McNairy  co.,  and,  1  facturing  establishments.    Vessels  of  100  tons 


HAW 


271 


HAY 


come  to  this  place.  There  are  in  the  t.  31  stores, 
cap.  $65,000;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tan- 
neries, 2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers, 
5  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufar.  $34:'), 450. 
1  acad.  70  students,  25  sch.  1,027  scholars.  Pop. 
1336. 

Haverstraw,  p-t.,  Rockland  co.,  N.  Y.,  115  s. 
Albany,  271  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous, 
with  some  fertile  valleys.  Soil,  clay  loam.  Hud- 
son r.  bounds  it  on  the  E.  It  has  convenient 
landings.  The  v.,  on  Hudson  r.,  contains  2 
churches,  an  academy,  6  stores,  1  ship  yard,  60 
dwellings,  and  400  inhabitants.  A  steamboat 
and  several  sloops  ply  between  this  place  and 
New  York.  Stony  Point,  famous  in  the  revolu- 
tionary war,  lies  in  this  t.  There  are  in  the  t.  9 
stores,  cap.  $25,500;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $5,000; 
1  furnace,  2  forges,  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1 
tannery,  1  paper  fac,  3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $221,000.    6  sch.  212  scholars.     " 


3,449. 


Pop. 


Haviland's  Hollow,  p-o.,  Patterson  t.,  Put 
nam  co.,  N.  Y.,  95  s.  Albany,  298  W. 

Havre  de  Grace,  p-v.,  seaport,  Harford  co., 
Md.,  64  n.  e.  Annapolis,  74  W.  Situated  on  the 
w.  bank  of  Susquehanna  r.,  at  its  entrance  into 
Chesapeake  bay.  The  Wilmington  and  Balti- 
more railroad  passes  through  the  place,  and 
croHs-os  the  Susquehanna  r.  by  a  steam  ferry. 
The  Susquehanna  canal  terminates  here,  and 
connects  the  Chesapeake  with  the  canals  of  Pa 
It  contains  1  Episcopal  church,  several  stores,  a 
printing  office,  and  1,200  inhabitants.  It  has  val- 
uable shad  and  herring  fisheries.  It  was  burned 
in  1813  by  the  British,  under  Admiral  Cockburn. 

Hawesville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Hancock  co., 
Ky.,  135  w.  by  s.  Frankfort,  677  W.  Situated 
on  the  s.  bank  of  the  Ohio  r.,  at  the  mouth  of 
Lead  cr.  It  has  a  court  house,  1  Baptist  and  1 
Methodist  church,  and  420  inhabitants. 

Hawfield,  p-v.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C,  48  n.  w. 
Raleigh,  2S2  W. 

Hawkins,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  n. 
e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  750  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  mountainous.  Drained  by  Holston 
and  Clinch  rivers,  and  their  tributaries.  Capital, 
Rogersville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
13, 198,  sheep  18,837,  swine  54,320 ;  wheat  100,777 
bush,  produced,  rye  3,992,  Ind.  corn  697,966,  oats 
206,612.  potatoes  51,754,  tobacco  53,140  pounds, 
cotton  929,  sugar  51,030 ;  13  stores,  cap.  $1 12,500  j 
1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  cotton  fac.  1,149 
sp.,  12  tanneries,  53  distilleries,  1  pottery,  7  flour- 
ing m.,  46  grist  m.,  32  saw  m.,  3  oil  m.,  1  printing 
office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$139,744.  1  acad.  20  students,  50  sch.  1,037 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  13,408,  slaves  1,499,  free 
col'd  128 ;  total,  15,035. 

Hawkinsville,  po.,  Sussex  co.,  Va.,  43  s. 
Richmond,  162  W. 

Hawkinsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Pulaski  co., 
Ga.,  71  s.  Milledgeville,  718  W.  Situated  on  the 
w.  bank  of  the  Ocmulgee  r.  It  has  a  court 
house,  jail,  and  bank. 

Hawley,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  Ill  w.  by 
N.  Boston,  405  W.  The  surface  is  elevated  and 
uneven,  and  the  soil  adapted  to  grazing.  Water- 
ed by  branches  of  Deerfield  r.  Incorporated  in 
1792.  Iron  ore  is  found  here.  It  has  2  stores 
cap.  $2,200;  2  tanneries,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac  $11,550.  10  sch.  264  scholars.  Pon 
977.  *' 

Haw  Patch,  p-o.,  La  Grange  co.,  la.,  157  n. 
e.  Indianapolis,  596  W. 

Haw,  r.,  N.  C,  rises  in  Rockingham  and  Guil- 
ford counties,  and  in  Chatham  co.  unites  with 
Deep  r.,  to  form  the  n.  w.  branch  of  Cape  Fear  r. 


Haw  Creek,  t.,  Morgan  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  60S. 

Haw  River,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C,  59  n.  w. 
Raleigh,  292  W. 

Hawsburg,  p-v.,  Rappahannock  co.,  Va.,  130 
N.  N.  w.  Richmond,  87  W. 

Hawsertown,  no.,  Owen  co.,  la.,  70  s.  w. 
Indianapolis,  641  VV. 

Haycock,  t.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  12  Doylestown. 
The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  gravel.  Watered  by 
Tohickon  creek  and  its  tributaries.  It  has  1  tan- 
nery, 4  potteries,  3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $5,200.    3  sch.  65  scholars.    Pop.  1,021. 

Hayfield,  p-t.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $1,000 ;  1  distillery,  5  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $5,200.     Pop.  1,401. 

Haydensville,  p-o.,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass., 
98  w.  Boston,  386  W. 

Haydon's,  p-o.,  Owen  co.,  Ky.,  37  n.  Frank- 
fort, 548  W. 

Haysville,  p-v.,  Vermilion  t.,  Richland  co., 
O.,  78  n.  n.  e.  Columbus,  363  W.  It  is  a  small 
v.,  containing  2  stores. 

Hay  Market,  p-v.,  Prince  William  co.,  Va., 
114  n.  Richmond,  46  W. 

Haymeadow,  p-o.,  Wilkes  co.,  N.  C,  184  w. 
by  n.  Raleigh,  338  W. 

Haynes,  p-o.,  Grainger  co.,  Tenn.,  220  e. 
Nashville,  485  W. 

Haynesville,  p-o.,  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  159  n. 
e.  Augusta,  754  W. 

Haynesville,  p-v.,  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  141  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  633  W. 

Haynesville,  p-v.,  York  dist.,  S.  C,  86  n. 
Columbia,  437  W. 

Haynesville,  p-v.,  Houston  co.,  Ga.,  69  s.  w. 
Milledgeville,  725  W. 

Haynesville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Lowndes  co., 
Ala.,  1 16  s.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  859  W.  Situated  on 
the  n.  side  of  Big  Swamp  cr.,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  and  several  dwellings. 

Haystack,  p-o.,  Surry  co.,  N.  C,  160  w.bvN. 
Raleigh,  341  W. 

Haywood,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,890  sq.  ms. 
The  Blue  Ridge  lies  on  the  s.  side.  The  Smoky 
mountains  are  on  its  n.  w.  border.  Drained  by 
the  head  branches  of  Tennessee  r.,  the  chief  of 
which  are  Cowee  and  Tuckaseegee  crs.  The  sur- 
face is  elevated,  being  in  its  lower  parts  1,500  ft. 
above  the  level  of  the  ocean.  Capital,  Waynes- 
ville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  13,478, 
sheep  5,293,  swine  9,135;  wheat  19,559  bushels 
produced,  rye  7,735,  Ind.  corn  183,554,  buckwheat 
2,044,  oats  36,263,  potatoes  15,916,  tobacco  10,628 
pounds ;  7  stores,  cap.  $52,000 ;  5  tanneries,  17 
distilleries,  3  flouring  m.,  9  grist  m.,  6  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,308.  1  sch.  64  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  4,650,  slaves  304,  free  col'd  21 ;  total, 
4,975. 

Haywood,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  600  sq.  miles. 
Watered  on  the  s.  by  the  Hatchy  river  and  its 
branches  ;  and  in  the  n.  by  the  s.  fork  of  Forked 
Deer  r.  and  branches.  Capital,  Brownsville. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  15,348,  sheep 
5,182,  swine  53,850  ;  wheat  54,100  bush,  produc- 
ed, rye  4,700,  Ind.  com  710,500,  oats  80,600,  po- 
tatoes 75,000,  rice  4,500  pounds,  tobacco  198,500, 
cotton  3.175,000  ;  21  stores,  cap.  $177,000;  5  tan- 
neries, 6  distilleries,  2  flouring  m.,  9  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $45,200.  4  acad.  182  students, 
23  sch.  493  scholars.  Pop.  whites  7,575,  slaves 
6,257,  free  cold  33 ;  total,  13,870. 

Haywood,  p-v.,  Chatham  co.,  N.  C,  31  w.  Ra- 
leigh, 319  W.  Situated  at  the  confluence  of  Haw 
and  Deep  rivers  to  form  Cape  Fear  r. 


HEB 


272 


HE1 


Hazard  Forge,  po.  Hardy  co.,  Va.,  188  n. 
.  Richmond,  150  W. 

Hazle  Green,  p-v.,  Madison  co.,  Ala.,  171  n. 
e.  Tuscaloosa,  722  W 


Hazle  Green,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  Ky.,  100  e. 
by  s.  Frankfort,  511  W. 

Hazle  Green,  p-o.,  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  83  w. 
Madison,  891  W. 

Hazle  ton,  p-v.,  Hazle  t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Fa., 
106  n.  E.  Harrisburg,  214  W. 

Hazle,  t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $15,000;  1  furnace,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $4,200.    3  sch.  125  scholars.    Pop.  893. 

Hazlewood,  p-o.,  Chester  dist.,  S.  C,  49  n. 
Columbia,  456  W. 

Head  of  Harbor,  v.,  Smithtown  t.,  Suffolk 
co.,  N.  Y.,  50  E.  New  York  city.  Pleasantly  sit- 
uated around  the  head  of  Stony  Brook  harbor. 
It  has  about  25  dwellings. 

Head  of  Paint,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  Ky.,  125 
w.  Frankfort,  469  W. 

Head  of  Sassafras,  p-o.,  Kent  co.,  Md.,  /0 
N.  E.  Annapolis,  110  W. 

Headley's  Mills,  p-o.,  Fountain  co.,  la.,  8o 
w.  N.  w.  Indianapolis,  656  W. 

Healing  Springs,  p-o.,  Davidson  co.,  N.  C. 
136  w.  Raleigh,  373  W. 

Heard,  county,  Ga.  Situated  on  the  w.  line 
of  the  state.  It  contains  about  175  sq.  ms.  The 
Chattahoochee  r.  enters  its  N.  e.  corner  and  pass- 
es through  it.  The  surface  is  level :  soil,  mode- 
rately fertile.  Capital,  Franklin.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,329,  sheep  1,686,  swine 
12,019;  wheat  19,741  bush,  produced,  Ind.  com 
165,597,  oats  8,806,  potatoes  5,144,  cotton  1,846,593 
pounds ;  14  stores,  cap.  $33,000 ;  2  tanneries,  2 
distilleries,  1  flouring  m.,  11  grist  m.,  6  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $24,110.  2  acad.  78  students, 
5  sch.  161  scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,749,  slaves 
1,577,  free  col'd  3  ;  total,  5,329. 

Heards  Ridge,  p-o.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  120 
N.  e.  Augusta,  713  W. 
Heart  Prairie,  p-o.,  Walworth  co.,  Wis. 
Heath,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  109  w.  n.  w 
Boston,  457  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous  ; 
soil,  adapted  to  grazing.  Incorporated  in  1785. 
It  has  1  store,  cap.  $2,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanne- 
ries, 1  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$3,600.    9  sch.  266  scholars.     Pop.  895. 

Heath,  t.,  Harrison  co.,  la.  It  has  4  distille- 
ries, 4  grist  m.     Pop.  1,354. 

Heathsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Northumberland 
co.,  Va.,  98  e.  by  N.  Richmond,  157  W.  Beau- 
tifully situated  near  the  head  of  Coan  r.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  Methodist  church,  an 
academy,  1  flouring  m.,  1  tannery,  and  about  60 
dwellings. 

Heathsville,  p-v.,  Halifax  co.,  N.  C,  82  n. 
e.  Raleigh,  228  W. 

Heaton's  Furnace,  p-o.,  Trumbull  co.,  O., 
169  n.  e.  Columbus,  303  W. 

Hebardsville,  p-v.,  Alexander  t.,  Athens  co., 
O.,  6  s.  Athens,  78  s.  s.  e.  Columbus,  345  W. 

Hebberdsville,  p-v.,  Henderson  co.,  Ky.,  183 
w.  by  s.  Frankfort,  710  W. 

Hebron,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  45  w.  s.  w.  Au- 
gusta, 536  W.  Incorporated  in  1792.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Drained  by  a  branch  of  Androscoggin 
r.  It  has  3  saw  m.,  1  acad.  20  students,  8  sch. 
396  scholars.    Pop.  945. 

Hebron,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  II.,  40  n.w.  Con- 
cord, 512  W.  Incorporated  in  1792.  About  half 
of  Newfound  lake  occupies  its  s.  part.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $2,000 ;  1  tannery,  2  saw  m.,  1  acad. 
40  students,  6  sch.  192  scholars.  Pop.  508. 
Hebron,  p-t.,  Tolland  co.,  Ct.,  25  s.  e.  Hart- 


branch  of  Willimantic  r.,  forms  the  n.  e.  bound- 
ary. North  pond,  in  the  s.  part,  affords  by  its 
outlet,  water  power.  The  surface  is  uneven 
and  hilly ;  soil,  considerably  fertile.  The  t. 
contains  4  churches— 2  Congregational,  1  Episco- 
pal, and  1  Methodist.  The  principal  v.  contains 
a  handsome  Episcopal  church,  of  Gothic  archi- 
tecture, a  Congregational  church,  and  a  number 
of  neat  houses.  There  are  in  the  t.,  7  stores, 
cap.  $13,900  ;  3  cotton  fac.  1,400  sp.,  2  furnaces, 
2  tanneries,  8  distilleries,  1  paper  fac,  6  grist  m., 
11  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $51,000.  10  sch. 
344  scholars.    Pop.  1,726. 

Hebron,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  N.  Y.,  54  n.  Al- 
bany, 424  W.    The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  sandy 
loam.     Drained  by  Black  cr.     It  has  9  stores, 
cap.  $24,050 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  4  tan- 
neries, 3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.      Cap.  in  manufac. 
$7,838.     18  sch.  813  scholars.     Pop.  2,498. 
Hebron,  t.,  Potter  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  162. 
Hebron,  p-t.,  Licking  co.,  O.,  27  n.  e.  Colum- 
bus, 366  W.     It  has  1  sch.  75  scholars.     Pop.  473. 
Hebron,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Ga.,  16  s.  E. 
Milledgeville,  664  W. 

Hebron,  p-v.,  McHenry  co.,  111.,  230  n.  n.  e. 
Springfield,  765  W. 

Hecktown,  p-v.,  Lower  Nazareth  t.,  North- 
ampton co.,  Pa.,  99  E.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  192  W. 
It  contains  a  Lutheran  church,  1  store,  and  about 
12  or  15  dwellings. 

Hector,  p-t.,  Tompkins  co.,  N.  Y.,  14  w.  Ith- 
aca, 184  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  311  W.  The  surface 
is  elevated  and  undulating;  soil,  fertile,  and 
adapted  to  grass.  Seneca  lake  bounds  it  on  the 
w.,  and  receives  some  of  its  streams,  while  oth- 
ers flow  E.  into  Cayuga  lake.  It  contains  2  stores, 
cap.  $17,000  ;  2  fulling  m.,  4  tanneries,  1  grist  m., 
12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,475.  39  sch. 
1,932  scholars.     Pop.  5,652. 

Hector,  p-t.,  Potter  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  grist  m. 
Pop.  119. 

Hedgesville,  p-o.,  Berkeley  co.,  Va.,  176  n 
by  w.  Richmond,  84  W. 

Heildersburg,  p-v.,  Tyrone  t.,  Adams  co. 
Pa.,  25  s.  E.  Harrisburg,  85  W. 

Heidelberg,  t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.  The  surface 
is  level  or  hilly  ;  soil,  calcareous  loam  and  gravel, 
and  very  fertile,  adapted  to  grain  and  to  grass. 
Watered  by  Tulpehocken,  Spring,  and  Cacoosing 
creeks.  It  has  a  Moravian  church,  and  one  com- 
mon to  Lutherans  and  Presbyterians.  It  con- 
tains 5  stores,  cap.  $17,000  ;  1  furnace,  2  fulling 
m.,  2  woollen  fac,  3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  pa- 
per fac,  4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$11,625.     Pop.  3,539. 

Heidelberg,  t.,  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.  1  he  sur- 
face is  level ;  soil,  calcareous.  Drained  on  the 
N.  E.  by  Mill  cr.,  a  tributary  of  Tulpehocken  cr., 
on  the  s.  w.  by  Hammer  cr.,  a  branch  of  Cones- 
toga  r.,  both  of  which  afford  water  power.  The 
v.°is  8  ms.  s.  E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  6  stores,  cap. 
$32,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  4  tanneries,  2  distilleries, 
5  <mst  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,141. 
4  sch.  120  scholars.     Pop.  2,827. 

Heidelberg,  t.,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.  The  surface 
is  uneven,  the  Blue  Ridge  crossing  the  n.  part. 
The  soil  is  a  white  gravel.  The  Lehigh  Water 
Gap  where  the  r.  passes  the  mountain,  is  in  its 
N.  e.  point.  Drained  by  Lehigh  r.,  which  runs 
on  its  e.  boundary,  and  by  Trout  and  Jordan's 
creeks.  It  contains  1  Lutheran  church,  4  stores, 
cap.  $9,500 ;  1  furnace,  1  fulling  m.,  2  woollen 
fac,  2  tanneries,  29  distilleries,  1  gun  and  rifle 
fac,  9  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$4,1300.  5  sch.  140  scholars.  Pop.  2,3o4. 
Heidelberg,  t.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  lo  s.  w.  York. 


ford,  343  W.    Incorporated  in  1707.    Hop  r.,  a  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  a  fertile  calcareous 


HEM 


273 


HEN 


loam.  Watered  by  Codorus  and  Hammer  creeks 
It  contains  2  stores,  cap.  $3,600  ;  1  woollen  fac 
4  tanneries,  16  distilleries,  9  grist  m.,  7  saw  m 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $46,720.  6  sch.  157  scholars 
Pop.  1,528. 

Helderbergs,  hills  or  mountains,  N.  Y.,  ex- 
tend through  the  w.  part  of  Albany  co.  into 
Schoharie  co.,  and  unite  with  the  Catskill  range. 
They  are  400  or  500  feet  high,  precipitous,  and 
consist  of  limestone,  on  a  basis  of  graywacke. 
The  rocks  contain  fossil  remains  and  curious 
caverns. 

Helena,  p-v.,  Brasher  t.,  St.  Lawrence  co., 
N.  Y.,  236  n.  by  w.  Albany,  535  W.  Situated 
on  St.  Regis  r.,  and  contains  1  store,  1  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.,  20  dwellings,  and  about  100  inhabitants. 

Helena,  p-v.,  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  87  n.  e.  Frank- 
fort, 475  W. 

Helena,  p-v.,  capital,  Philips  co.,  Ark.,  122  e. 
Little  Rock,  1,011  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank 
of  Mississippi  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
a  U.  S.  land  office,  10  stores,  cap.  $77,000 ;  1  tan- 
nery, 2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers, 
and  about  500  inhabitants. 

Helena,  p-v.,  Iowa  co.,  Wis.,  59  n.  w.  Madi- 
son, 906  W. 

Hellam,  p-t.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  29  s.  Harrisburg, 
95  W.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil  underlaid  with 
limestone,  and  fertile.  Codorus  cr.  forms  its  N. 
w.  boundary.  Grist  cr.  flows  through  it  into  the 
Susquehanna  r.,  which  runs  on  its  n.  e.  bound- 
ary. A  bridge  here  crosses  the  Susquehanna, 
5,690  feet  in  length.  It  has  8  stores,  cap.  $36,850 ; 
2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $15,500  ;  1  furnace,  1  forge, 
2  tanneries,  6  distilleries,  5  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $30,160.  9  sch.  225  scholars. 
Pop.  1,421. 

Hellen,  p-v.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  176  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  268  W.. 

Hellerstown,  p-v.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  97 
E.  n.  E.  Harrisburg,  183  W.  It  contains  2  stores, 
1  grist  m.,  and  15  or  20  dwellings. 

Hell  Gate,  or  Helle  Gatt,  N.  Y.,  a  danger- 
ous pass  in  the  strait  called  East  river,  between 
Great  Barn  Island  and  Long  Island,  7  ms.  n.  e. 
of  New  York.  It  is  formed  by  projecting  rocks, 
which  confine  the  water  to  a  narrow  and  crooked 
channel,  occasioning  strong  eddy  currents,  dan- 
gerous to  vessels  at  certain  times  of  the  tide. 
The  largest  vessels  pass  it  readily  at  high  water. 
Steamboats  pass  it  at  all  times,  and  also  small 
vessels,  with  a  fair  wind. 

Helvitia,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,111.,  104  s.  Spring- 
field, 788  W. 

Helt,  t.,  Vermilion  co.,  la.  It  has  1  distillery. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $500.  1  sch.  26  scholars.  Pop. 
2,125. 

Hemlock,  t.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.  The  surface 
is  diversified  ;  soil,  loam  and  clay.  Drained  by 
Mahoning,  Great  and  Little  Fishing,  and  Hem- 
lock creeks.  The  state  canal  follows  the  Sus- 
quehanna r.  along  its  s.  boundary.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $5,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  flouring  m.,  2 
grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,970.  4  sch.  140 
scholars.    Pop.  957. 

Hemlock  Lake,  p-o.,  Livonia  t.,  Livingston 
co.,  N.  Y.  B 

Hemlock,  lake,  N.  Y.,  lies  on  the  e.  border 
of  Livingston  co.,  extending  into  Ontario  co.,  6 
ms.  long,  and  1  wide.  Its  waters  flow  into  the 
outlet  of  Honeoye  lake. 

Hemlock  Mills,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa. 

Hempfield,  p-v.,  East  Hempfield  t.,  Lancas- 
ter co.,  Pa.,  40  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  114  W. 

Hempfield,  t.,Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  ;  soil,  loam  and  gravel.    Drained  by 
Bush  and  Big  and  Little  Sewickly  crs.    It  has  2 
35 


stores,  cap.  $2,800 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  7  dis- 
tilleries, 3  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $1,200.  1  acad.  40  students,  12  sch. 
312  scholars.    Pop.  4,772. 

Hemphill's  Store,  p-o.,  Mecklenburg  co., 
N.  C,  170  w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  409  W. 

Hempstead,  county,  Ark.  Situated  in  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,150  sq.  miles. 
Red  r.  runs  on  its  s.  w.  border,  and  Little  Mis- 
souri on  its  n.  e.  border.  The  soil  is  generally 
thin  and  sterile.  Capital,  Washington.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,736,  sheep  2,020, 
swine  21,529;  wheat  1,777  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  321,285,  oats  15,209,  potatoes  18,072,  cotton 
185,261  pounds  ;  14  stores,  cap.  $147,700  ;  2  tan- 
neries, 1  distillery,  8  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.,  1  print- 
ing office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $9,600.  4  acad.  148  students,  4  sch.  118 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,923,  slaves  1,936,  free 
col'd  62  ;  total,  4,921. 

Hempstead,  p-t.,  Queens  co.,  N.  Y.,  170  s.  by 
E.  Albany,  21  New  York,  250  W.  The  surface 
is  level ;  soil,  sand  and  sandy  loam,  productive 
when  well  cultivated.  Between  Hempstead  and 
North  Hempstead  are  Hempstead  Plains,  an  im- 
mense heath  of  15,000  acres,  lying  in  a  state  of 
nature,  and  constituting  a  common  pasturage  for 
the  t.,  on  which  several  thousand  cattle  and 
sheep  are  fed  annually.  It  might  be  made  fer- 
tile by  cultivation.  The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated 
on  the  s.  margin  of  these  plains,  and  contains  3 
churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  and  1 
Methodist — a  seminary  for  males  and  females,  an 
insurance  company,  16  stores  of  various  kinds,  1 
tannery,  1  printing  office,  2C0  dwellings,  and 
about  1,400  inhabitants.  Several  islands  belong 
to  the  t.,  and  Rockaway  beach,  on  the  Atlantic, 
a  place  of  great  resort,  where  is  a  splendid  hotel 
for  visiters.  There  are  in  the  t.  20  stores,  cap. 
$88,250;  2  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  2  paper  fac,  1 
printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  17  grist  m., 
11  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $62,750.  1  acad. 
119  students,  24  sch.  1,279  scholars.  Pop.  7,609. 
Hempstead  Bay,  Hempstead  t,  Queens  co., 
N.  Y.,  is  included  between  Long  Beach  and 
Long  Island,  and  is  6  ms.  long,  and  from  1  to  2 
broad,  abounding  with  shell  and  scale  fish,  and 
water  fowl. 

Hempstead  Harbor,  p-v.,  North  Hempstead 
t.,  Queens  co.,  N.  Y.,  170  s.  by  e.  Albany,  250 
W.  Situated  at  the  head  of  Hempstead  harbor,  on 
the  N.  shore  of  Long  Island.  It  contains  1  Meth- 
odist church,  3  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  pa- 
per m.,  1  carding  and  fulling  m.,  1  glass  cutting 
fac,  45  dwellings,  and  about  300  inhabitants. 
Sloops  continually  ply  between  this  place  and 
New  York. 

Henderson,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the 
w.  part  of  the  state.  The  surface  is  mountain- 
ous ;  soil  well  adapted  for  farming,  and  particu- 
larly for  grazing.  Drained  by  French  Broad  r. 
and  branches.  Capital,  Hendersonville.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,278,  sheep  3,037, 
swine  5,438 ;  wheat  1,268  bushels  produced,  rye 
5,293,  Ind.  corn  59,340,  oata  9,677,  potatoes  4,712, 
tobacco  1,229  pounds  ;  3  stores,  cap.  $11,000;  2 
forges,  2  tanneries,  14  distilleries,  5  grist  m.,  3 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,800.  1  sch.  21 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,628,  slaves  466,  free 
col'd  35;  total,  5,129. 

Henderson,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  780  square  ms. 
The  surface  is  tolerably  level ;  soil,  well  adapted 
to  grain  and  to  grass,  and  the  growth  of  the  vine. 
Drained  by  the  head  waters  of  Beech  r.,  Big 
Sandy  r.,  and  of  the  s.  fork  of  Forked  Deer  r. 
Capital,  Lexington.    There  were  in  1840,  neat 


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274 


HEN 


cattle  12,400,  sheep  10,538,  swine  61,399 ;  wheat 
61  502  bush,  produced,  Indian  corn  495,870,  oats 
67917  potatoes  5,602,  tobacco  12,000  pounds, 
cotton' 564,576 ;  14  stores,  cap.  $41,000;  6  tan- 
neries, 15  distilleries,  4  potteries,  1  flouring  m.,  15 
grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufae. 
$23  300.  11  sch.  265  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
9,911,  slaves  1,954,  free  col'd  10;  total,  11,875. 

Henderson,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  n. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  725  square  ms. 
Ohio  r.  runs  on  its  n.  boundary,  Green  r.  passes 
through  its  n.  e.  part,  Canoe  r.  through  its  cen- 
tral part,  and  Highland  creek  washes  its  s.  w. 
border.  Capital,  Henderson.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  9,206,  sheep  6,563,  swine  31,393 ; 
wheat  37,006  bush,  produced,  rye  2,146,  Indian 
corn  503,670,  oats  46,776,  potatoes  11,603,  tobacco 

2  977,810  pounds;  5  commission  houses,  capital 
$199,000 ;  23  stores,  cap.  $120,900 ;  2  tanneries, 

3  distilleries,  28  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufae. $29,235.  3  acad.  106  students,  17  sch.  401 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,181,  slaves  3,319,  free 
col'd  48 ;  total,  9,548. 

Henderson,  p-t.,  Jefferson  co.,  N.  Y.,  181  n. 
w.  Albany,  412  W.  The  surface  is  level;  soil, 
a  fertile  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Stony  and 
Little  Stony  creeks,  that  flow  into  Lake  Ontario, 
which  lies  on  its  w.  and  n.  border.  Several 
considerable  islands  in  the  lake  belong  to  it. 
The  v.,  called  Henderson  Harbor,  situated  at 
the  head  of  Hungry  bay,  of  Lake  Ontario,  is  a 
port  of  entry,  has  a  good  harbor,  and  contains^  at 
the  landing  1  store,  and  about  15  dwellings.  The 
v.  is  three  quarters  of  a  mile  from  the  landing,  on 
Stony  cr.,  and  contains  1  Baptist  and  1  Univer- 
salis! church,  3  stores,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  25 
dwellings,  and  about  151)  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.  1  store,  cap.  $3,000 ;  2  fulling  m.,  2 
tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufae. 
$10,600.     15  sch.  531  scholars.     Pop.  2,480. 

Henderson,  p-o.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  222  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  279  W. 

Henderson,  t.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  is  bound- 
ed s.  w.  and  w.  by  Juniata  r.  It  contains  4 
stores,  cap.  $31,000;  1  furnace,  1  tannery,  2  grist 
m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufae.  $18,850.  2  sch. 
70  scholars.     Pop.  1,555. 

Henderson,  p-v.,  Houston  co.,  Ga.,  68  s.  w. 
Milledgeville,  725  W. 

Henderson,  p-v.,  capital  of  Henderson  co., 
Ky.,  197  Frankfort,  724  W.  Pleasantly  situated 
on  the  s.  bank  of  Ohio  r.,  44  miles  above  the 
mouth  of  the  Wabash.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Henderson,  p-v.,  Granville  co.,  N.  C,  44  n. 
Raleigh,  244  W. 

Henderson,  p-v.,  Knox  co.,  111.,  110  n.  n.  w. 
Springfield,  829  W.  Situated  on  Henderson  r. 
Around  it  is  a  fine  body  of  timber,  surrounded  by 
dry  and  fertile  prairies.    Pop.  271. 

Henderson's  Mills,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Tenn., 
264  e.  Nashville,  431  W. 

Hendersonville,  Nottaway  co.,  Va.  (See 
Nottaway  C.  H.) 

Hendersonville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Henderson 
co.,  N.  C.  Situated  on  French  Broad  river,  and 
contains  a  court  house,  and  several  stores  and 
dwellings. 

Hendersonville,  p-v.,  Sumner  co.,  Tenn.,  16 
N.  E.  Nashville,  677  W.  Situated  1  mile  n.  of 
Cumberland  r.     It  has  10  inhabitants. 

Hendersonville,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  33  n. 
w.  Frankfort,  575  W. 

Hendricks,  county,  la.  Situated  a  little  w. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  380  »q. 
ms.  The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  productive. 
Drained  by  White  Lick  cr.,  Eel  r.,  and  Mud  cr., 


which  afford  water  power.  Capital,  Danville. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  11,272,  sheep 
15,030,  swine  32,123;  wheat  61,370  bushels  pro- 
duced, Indian  corn  540,000,  oats  113,654,  potatoes 
23,448,  tobacco  20,700  pounds,  sugar  124,765  ;  11 
tanneries,  7  distilleries,  18  grist  m.,  22  saw  m.,  2 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufae.  $62,100.  55  sch.  1,450 
scholars.    Pop.  1840,  11,264. 

Hendricks,  t.,  Shelby  co.,  la.  It  has  1  tan- 
nery, 2  distilleries,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufae.  $850.     1  sch.  40  scholars.     Pop.  879; 

Hendrick's  Store,  p-o.,  Bedford  co.,  Va., 
153  w.  Richmond,  233  W. 

Hendrysburg,  p-v.,  Kirkwood  t.,  Belmont  co., 
O.,  99  e.  Columbus,  294  W.  Situated  on  the 
national  road,  15  w.  St.  Clairsville. 

Hennepin,  p-v.,  capital  of  Putnam  co.,  111.,  118 
n.  Springfield,  803  W.  Situated  in  the  great 
bend,  on  the  e.  bank  of  Illinois  r.,  on  the  border 
of  De  Pru  prairie.  It  has  an  elevated  situation, 
the  ground  gently  ascending  from  the  r.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  2  churches— 1  Presbyte- 
rian and  1  Methodist— 14  stores,  and  about  500 
inhabitants.  Steamboats  ascend  to  this  place  at 
a  moderate  stage  of  water. 

Henlopen,  cape,  Del.,  is  the  s.  w.  point  at  the 
entrance  of  Delaware  bay,  18  ms.  s.  w.  from  Cape 
May,  the  opposite  point,  in  36°  47'  n.  lat.  and 
75°  6'  w.  long.     Here  is  a  light  house. 

Henniker,  p-t.,  Merrimac  co.,  N.  H.,  15  w. 
by  s.  Concord,  467  W.  Incorporated  in  1763. 
Watered  by  Contoocook  r.,  which  affords  good 
water  power.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  fertile 
Long  pond  in  the  n.  part  of  the  t.  discharges  its 
waters  into  Contoocook  r.,  where  is  a  v.  contain- 
ing 2  churches.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $11,000  ;  2 
fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufae.  $12,400.  1  acad.  50  students,  12 
sch.  663  scholars.     Pop.  1,715. 

Henrico,  county,  Va.  Situated  centrally  in 
the  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  291  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  the  soil  diversi- 
fied. Chickahominy  r.  runs  on  its  n.  e.  bound- 
ary. Capital,  Richmond.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  5,098,  sheep  2,454,  swine  11,975; 
wheat  39,095  bush,  produced,  rye  3,079,  Ind. 
corn  247,671,  oats  137,543,  potatoes  12,189,  to- 
bacco 33,300  pounds,  cotton  1,234,  bituminous 
coal  1,012,200  bush. ;  17  commercial  and  29  com- 
mission houses,  cap.  $3,632,000  ;  269  stores,  cap. 
$1,658,150  ;  3  lumber  yards,  cap.  $24,000  ;  4  fur- 
naces, 8  forges,  1  cotton  fac.  5,810  sp.,  6  distille- 
ries, 4  potteries,  21  flouring  m.,  19  grist  m.,  15 
saw  m.,  1  paper  fac,  8  printing  offices,  2  daily, 
6  weekly,  2  semi-weekly  newspapers,  1  periodi- 
cal. Cap.  in  manufae.  $1,334,750.  1  college, 
63  students,  17  acad.  934  students,  37  sch.  928 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  16,900,  slaves  13,237,  free 
col'd  2,939  ;  total,  33,076. 

Henrietta,  p-t.,  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y.,  223  w.  by 
N.  Albany,  368  W.  The  surface  is  rolling;  soil, 
very  fertile.  Watered  by  Genesee  r.  The  v. 
contains  2  churches— 1  Presbyterian  and  1  Bap- 
tist—a high  school,  1  store,  30  dwellings,  and 
about  200  inhabitants.  There  are  in  t.  2  stores, 
cap.  $30,000.  Cap.  in  manufae.  $4,500.  1  acad. 
116  students,  17  sch.  677  scholars.     Pop.  2,035. 

Henrietta,  p-t.,  Lorain  co.,  O.,  118  n.  n.  e. 
Columbus,  335  W.  Situated  on  the  great  mail 
road,  11  w.  Elyria,  35  w.  Cleaveland.  It  has  3 
sch.  134  scholars.     Pop.  743. 

Henrietta,  p-t.,  .lackson  co.,  Mich.  It  has 
2  sch.  53  scholars.     Pop.  277. 

Henry,  cape,  Va.     Situated  on  s.  side  of  the 
entrance  into   Chesapeake  bay,  12  ms.  s.  Cape 
Charles,  in  36°  53'  N.  lat.  and  76°  21'  w.  Ion. 
Henry,  county,  Va.    Situated  in  the  s.  to- 


HEN 


275 


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ward  the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  358 
sq.  ms.  Watered  by  Smith's  and  Mary's  rivers, 
branches  of  Dan  r.  Capital,  Martinsville.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,124,  sheep  4,663, 
swine  15,712  ;  wheat  39,696  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  2:)6,155,  oats  73,916,  potatoes  11,824,  tobac- 
co 1,623,500  pounds,  cotton  2,654;  7  stores,  cap. 
$33,200 ;  2  tanneries,  2  flouring  m.,  26  grist  m. 
13  saw  ra.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,729.  2  acad 
54  students,  15  sch.  412  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
4,243,  slaves  2,852,  free  col'd  240;  total,  7,335 

Henry,  county,  Ga.  Situated  a  little  n.  w.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  594  sq.  ms. 
Ocmulgee  r.  runs  on  its  n.  e.  boundary,  by 
branches  of  which,  and  of  Flint  r.,  it  is  watered. 
Capital,  McDonough.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  8,671,  sheep  2,764,  swine  19,557;  wheat 
55,998  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  301,350,  oats 
44,393,  potatoes  4,883,  cotton  567,300  pounds ;  21 
stores,  cap.  $60,300 ;  1  cotton  fac.  384  sp.,  2  tan- 
neries, 16  distilleries,  11  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $11,750.  1  acad.  30  students,  31 
sch.  684  scholars.  Pop.  whites  8,424,  slaves 
3,316,  free  col'd  16  ;  total,  11,756. 

Henry,  county,  Ala.  Situated  in  the  s.  E. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  975  sq.  ms.  Chat- 
tahoochee r.  runs  on  its  e.  border.  Drained  by 
branches  of  Choctawhatchee  r.  The  soil  is  ster- 
ile, and  covered  with  pine.  Capital,  Abbeville. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,419,  sheep 
1,204,  swine  15,143  ;  wheat  1,715  bush,  produced, 
Ind.  corn  99,739,  oats  2,974,  potatoes  5,534,  cot- 
ton 664,311  pounds ;  1  cotton  fac.  72  sp.,  1  tan- 
nery, 1  distillery,  24  grist  m.,  72  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $3,100.  1  acad.  122  students,  11  sch. 
329  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,701,  slaves  1,034, 
free  col'd  2  ;  total,  5,787. 

Henry,  county,  Term.  Situated  in  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  600  sq.  ms.  Ten- 
nessee r.  runs  on  its  e.  border.  Drained  by  Big 
and  Little  Sandy  rivers,  which  flow  E.  into  the 
Tennessee  r.,  and  by  the  North  and  Middle  forks 
of  Obion  r.,  which  flows  w.  into  the  Mississippi. 
Capital,  Paris.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
15,551,  sheep  12,146,  swine  49,302;  wheat 
107,992  bush,  produced,  rye  3,240,  Ind.  corn 
116,440,  oats  119,114,  potatoes  21,509,  tobacco 
9,479,065  pounds,  cotton  172,527 ;  5  stores,  cap. 
$3,700  ;  5  tanneries,  13  distilleries,  2  grist  m.,  8 
saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $123,040.  3  acad.  77  students, 
22  sch.  531  scholars.  Pop.  whites  11,214,  slaves 
3,677,  free  col'd  15  ;  total,  14,906. 

Henry,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  n.  part  of 
the  state,  and  contains  260  sq.  ms.  Kentucky  r. 
runs  on  its  e.  boundary,  by  branches  of  which,  and 
by  Little  Kentucky  r.,  its  surface  is  drained.  Cap- 
ital, New  Castle.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
9,761,  sheep  15,999,  swine  35,109;  wheat  96,399 
bush,  produced,  rye,  15,250,  Ind.  corn  590,962, 
oats  81,041,  potatoes  11,783,  tobacco  1,596,305 
pounds,  sugar  14,642 ;  18  stores,  cap.  $116,694; 
6  tanneries,  12  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $23,951.  1  acad.,  18  sch.  725  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  7,637,  slaves  2,349,  free  col'd  29 ;  total, 
10,015. 

Henry,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  576  sq.  ms.  Mau- 
mee  r.  runs  through  the  co.,  by  which  and  its 
tributaries,  it  is  drained.  The  Wabash  and  Erie 
canal  passes  alone  the  n.  side  of  this  r.,  through 
the  co.  The  surface  is  level,  and  the  soil  fertile. 
Capital,  Napoleon.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  1,897,  sheep  478,  swine  2,941 ;  wheat 
4,333  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  36,060,  oats 
12,514,  potatoes  25,889,  sugar  19,458  pounds  ;  9 
stores,  cap.  $12,600 ;  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.    Cap. 


in  manufac.  $14,800.     13  sch.  326  scholars.   Pop. 
2,503.  V 

Henry,  county,  la.  Situated  toward  the  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  380  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  generally  level,  in  some  parts  a  little 
broken,  mostly  woodland,  with  some  prairies. 
Watered  by  Flat  Rock  and  Blue  rivers,  and  Fall 
cr.  The  country  is  well  supplied  witli  pure  wa- 
ter, and  some  mill  sites.  Capital,  New  Castle. 
There  were  in  1810,  neat  cattle  11,272,  sheep 
15,030,  swine  32,123;  wheat  61,370  bush,  pro- 
duced, Ind.  corn  510,000,  oats  113,651,  potatoes 
23,448,  tobacco  20,700  pounds,  sugar  12 1,765  ;  17 
stores,  cap.  $30,250 ;  1  fulling  in.,  3  tanneries,  1 
distillery,  9  grist  m.,  14  saw  m.,  3  oil  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $62,600.  25  sch.  661  scholars.  Pop. 
15,128. 

Henry,  county,  111.  Situated  toward  the  n. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  840  sq.  ms. 
Watered  by  Edwards,  Rock,  and  Green  rivers. 
The  soil  is  in  some  parts  fertile,  in  the  n.  wet 
and  swampy.  Capital,  Morriston.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  1,729,  sheep  363,  swine  5,537; 
wheat  15,482  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  52,410, 
oats  1 1,335,  potatoes  10,802 ;  3  stores,  cap.  $4,000 ; 
1  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.,  4  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $14,900.    2  sch.  71  scholars.     Pop.  1,260. 

Henry,  county,  Iowa.  Situated  centrally,  to- 
ward the  s.  part  of  the  ter.,  and  contains  432  sq. 
ms.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Watered  by  Che- 
cauque  or  Skunk  r.  and  its  tributaries,  and  Big, 
Brush,  and  Little  Cedar  creeks.  The  surface  is 
elevated  and  rolling  ;  the  soil,  a  rich  black  mold. 
Capital,  Mount  Pleasant.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  2,634,  sheep  2,538,  swine  12,714; 
wheat  11,375  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  283,200, 
oats  22,500,  potatoes  16,224,  sugar  5,450  pounds  ; 
13  stores,  cap.  $34,700;  5  grist  m.,  8  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $16,745.  7  sch.  222  scholars. 
Pop.  3,772. 

Henry,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  750  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Grand  r.  of  Osage  r.  Capital,  Clinton.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,936,  sheep  3,876, 
swine  17,835  ;  wheat  5,283  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  229,691,  oats  21,933,  potatoes  5,944,  tobacco 
10,151  pounds;  15  stores,  cap.  $46,045;  1  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,100.  15  sch. 
299  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,036,  slaves  636,  free 
col'd  4  ;  total,  4,726. 

Hepburn,  pt.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  9  n.  Wil- 
liamsport.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  mountain- 
ous ;  soil,  slate  and  gravel.  Plunket's,  Loyal- 
sock,  and  Lycoming  creeks  run  on  its  boundaries. 
It  has  1  store,  cap.  $2,000 ;  2  woollen  fac,  1  tan- 
nery, 2  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $24,050.  8  sch.  240  scholars.  Pop. 
1,570. 

Henry  Clay,  t.,  Fayette  co.,  Pa.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous  ;  soil,  gravelly.  Drained  by 
Youghiogeny  r.  and  its  branches.  It  has  2  tan- 
neries, 2  distilleries,  1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  7 
saw  m.,  5  sch.  113  scholars.    Pop.  891. 

Henry's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Sevier  co.,  Tenn., 
210  e.  by  s.  Nashville,  5)8  W. 

Herbert,  p-o.,  Neshoba  co.,  Miss.,  86  Jackson, 
931  W. 

Herculaneum,  p-v.,  Jefferson  co.,  Mo.,  ]60 
Jefferson  city,  840  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side 
of  Mississippi  r.,  30  ms.  below  St.  Louis.  It  has 
a  good  landing,  and  it  is  the  great  mart  of  the 
lead  region,  in  the  surrounding  country.  1  here 
are  several  shot  factories  in  the  vicinity.  It  con- 
tains about  200  inhabitants. 

Hereford,  p-t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  80  e.  Hams- 
burg,  173  W.  Watered  by  the  main  and  w. 
branches  of  Perkiomen  cr.    Shoub's  mountain  is 


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on  the  N.  e.  boundary  It  contains  4  churches- 
1  Presbyterian,  1  Lutheran,  1  Schwenkfelders, 
and  1  Roman  Catholic.  It  has  6  stores,  cap. 
$18  750  ;  3  forges,  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2 
tanneries,  5  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $6,000.     Pop.  1,235. 

Hereford,  p-v.,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  52  An- 
napolis, 62  W. 

Hereford's,  p-o.,  Mason  co.,  Va.,  336  w.  n. 
w.  Richmond,  376  W. 

Herkimer,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  centrally 
toward  the  N.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains 
1,370  sq.  ms.  Organized  in  1791,  but  since  en- 
larged. The  Adirondack  mountains  pass  through 
its  s.  w.  part,  being  broken  through  by  the  Mo- 
hawk, at  Little  Falls.  The  surface  is  diversified, 
being  generally  broken,  hilly  or  mountainous,  ex- 
cepting s.  of  the  Mohawk,  where  it  is  level  and 
very  fertile.  Iron  ore  is  extensively  found,  and 
some  gypsum  and  lead.  Beautiful  rock  crystals 
are  abundant  in  the  neighborhood  of  Little  Falls. 
In  the  n.  part  are  numerous  lakes  and  ponds. 
The  Erie  canal,  and  the  Utica  and  Schenectady 
railroad,  pass  through  the  co.  Capital,  Herkimer. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  55,437,  sheep 
80,182,  swine  33,957;  wheat  84,723  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  15,935,  Ind.  corn  160,920,  buckwheat 
29,035,  barley  126,900,  oats  580,733,  potatoes 
850,865,  sugar  311,138  pounds;  142  stores,  cap. 
$427,790  ;  25  lumber  yards,  cap.  $12,500 ;  7  fur- 
naces, 7  forges,  24  fulling  m.,  9  woollen  fac,  5 
cotton  fac.  5,064  sp.,  38  tanneries,  6  distilleries, 
1  brewery,  3  flouring  m.,  35  grist  m.,  133  saw  m., 
1  oil  m.,  4  paper  fac,  4  printing  offices,  1  bindery, 
1  periodical,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $921,633.  1  college,  105  students,  2 
acad.  280  students,  191  sch.  8,522  scholars.  Pop. 
37,477.  •     • 

Herkimer,  p-t.,  capital  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.  Y., 
78  w.  N.  w.  Albany,  397  W.  The  surface  is 
level,  with  hills  on  the  n.  The  soil,  on  the  allu- 
vial flats  of  the  Mohawk,  which  flows  on  its  s. 
border,  is  very  productive.  Watered  by  West 
Canada  cr.  The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the 
n.  side  of  the  Mohawk  r.  It  contains  a  brick 
court  house,  a  stone  jail,  and  fire  proof  clerk's  of- 
fice, 1  academy,  1  bank,  1  German  Reformed 
and  1  Methodist  church,  10  stores,  1  large  flour- 
ing m.,  1  printing  office,  120  dwellings,  and  about 
800  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  10  stores, 
cap.  $33,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  1  printing 
office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist 
m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $41,950.  1 
acad.  65  students,  12  sch.  442  scholars.  Pop.  2,369. 
Herman,  p-v.,  capital  of  Gasconade  co.,  Mo., 
77  e.  Jefferson  city,  899  W.  Situated  on  the 
s.  bank  of  the  Missouri  r.  It  is  a  new  place, 
commenced  within  the  year  1841,  and  bids  fair 
to  become  a  commercial  point  of  importance. 

Hermitage,  p-o.,  Wethersfield  t.,  Wyoming 
co.,  N.  Y.,  255  w.  Albany,  360  W. 

Hermitage,  p-o.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  243  Har- 
risburg,  236  W. 

Hermitage,  p-o.,  Augusta  co.,  Va. 
Hermitage,  p-o.,  Coles  co.,  111.,  77  Springfield, 
702  W. 

Hermitage,  p-o.,  Floyd  co.,  Ga.,  167  Milledge- 
ville,678W.  B 

Hermon,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  7  w.  Ban- 
gor, 60  n.  E.  Augusta,  655  W.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile, producing  good  wheat.  Watered  on  the 
s.  w.  by  Sawodabscook  r.,  and  on  the  n.  w.  by 
a  branch  of  Kenduskeag  r.  Incorporated  in  1814. 
It  has  1  pottery,  507  scholars  in  schools.  Pop. 
1,042. 

Hermon,  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.  Y.,  201  n. 
H.  w.  Albany,  470  W.    The  surface  is  rolling ; 


soil,  clay  loam,  adapted  to  grass  Watered  by 
small  branches  of  Grass  and  Oswegatchie  rivers. 
It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $5,000  ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tan- 
nery, 3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac, 
$7,465.  9  schools,  413  scholars.  Population. 
1,271. 

Hernando,  p-v.,  capital  of  De  Soto  co.,  Miss., 
202  Jackson,  925  W.  Situated  13  ms.  e.  of  the 
Mississippi  r.,  in  a  fertile  region.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  several  stores,  and  400  inhabitants. 
Herrick,  p-t.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1 
store,  1  tannery,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$6,950.    6  sch.  172  scholars.     Pop.  632. 

Herrick,  t.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  20  s.  e. 
Montrose.  Elk  mountain,  a  low  part  of  the 
Alleghany,  is  in  its  s.  w.  part.  The  surface  is 
hilly  ;  soil,  gravel  and  clay.  Watered  by  head 
branches  of  Lackawannock  r.  It  has  1  grist  m., 
4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,630.  6  sch.  180 
scholars.     Pop.  629. 

Herriottsville,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa., 
211  Harrisburg,  236  W. 

Hertford,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  toward 
the  n.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  356  sq. 
ms.  Watered  by  branches  of  Chowan  r.  Capi- 
tal, Winton.  It  has  3  acad.  63  students,  6  sch. 
105  scholars.     Pop.  7,484. 

Hertford,  p-v.,  capital,  Perquiman's  co.,  N. 
C,  50  s.  by  w.  Norfolk,  Va.,  194  n.  e.  by  e.  Ra- 
leigh, 236  W.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  s. 
side  of  Perquimans  r.,  near  its  entrance  into 
Perquimans  bay,  a  branch  of  Albemarle  sound. 
It  contains  a  court  house,  and  several  dwellings. 
Hetricks,  p-o.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  42  s.  w.  Har- 
risburg, 73  W. 

Heuvelton,  p-v.,  Oswegatchie  t.,  St.  Law- 
rence co.,  N.  Y.,  203  n.  w.  Albany,  472  W.  Situ- 
ated on  the  Oswegatchie  r.,  7  ms.  from  Ogdens- 
burg,  and  contains  1  church,  4  stores,  1  clothier'8 
works,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  1  tannery. 

Hibernia,  p-o.,  Clarke  co.,  la.,  102  s.  Indian- 
apolis, 533  W. 

Hibernia,  p-v.,  Callaway  co.,  Mo.,  1  n.  Jef- 
ferson city,  937  W.  Situated  on  the  N.  side  of 
the  Missouri  r.,  opposite  Jefferson  city. 

Hickman,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  centrally, 
toward  the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  750 
sq.  ms.  Watered  by  Duck  r.,  which  flows 
through  the  centre,  and  its  various  branches. 
Capital,  Centreville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  8,150,  sheep  8,015,  swine  36,350;  wheat 
32,036  bush,  produced,  rye  3,179,  Ind.  corn 
471,100,  oats  59,580,  potatoes  12,742,  tobacco 
117,004  pounds,  cotton  90,225;  8  stores,  cap, 
$15,000  ;  1  furnace,  2  forges,  2  cotton  fac.  143  sp., 
5  tanneries,  13  distilleries,  1  pottery,  22  grist  m., 
11  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $34,795.  13  sch. 
325  scholars.  Pop.  whites  7,220,  slaves  1,379, 
free  col'd  19  ;  total,  8,618. 

Hickman,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  s.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  350  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Little  Obion  r.  and  its  branches,  and 
Bayou  Desha  cr.  Capital,  Clinton.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  11,349,  sheep  12,861,  swine 
37,767  ;  wheat  76,853  bush,  produced,  rye  4,028, 
Ind.  corn  593,703,  oats  161,092,  potatoes  15,867, 
tobacco  1,410,438  pounds,  cotton  57,624,  sugar 
11,929;  3  com.  houses,  cap.  $13,800  ;  18  stores, 
cap.  $105,600;  1  fulling  m.,  6  woollen  fac,  19  cot- 
ton fac.  431  sp.,  25  tanneries,  18  distilleries,  2  pot- 
teries, 9  flouring  m.,  41  grist  m.,  16  saw  m.,  1  oil  m., 
1  paper  fac,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $116,970.  11  sch.  248  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  7,345,  slaves  1,615,  free  cold  8; 
total,  8,963.  ,       . 

Hickory,  t.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.  It  has  6  stores, 
cap.  $12,000 ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  distille- 


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277 


HIG 


ry,  8  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$4,000.     12  sen.  476  scholars.     Pop.  1,831. 

Hickory,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  219  w. 
Harrisburg,  246  W. 

Hickory,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  O.,  121  e.  n.  e. 
Columbus,  292  W. 

Hickory  Corners,  p-o.,  Lockport  t.,  Niagara 
co.,  N.  Y.,  280  w.  Albany,  403  W. 

Hickory  Creek,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  Tenn.,  85 
s.  e.  Nashville,  637  W. 

Hickory  Creek,  p-o.,  Audrain  co.,  Mo.,  67  n. 
E.  Jefferson  city,  902  W. 

Hickory  Flat,  p-o.,  Cherokee  co.,  Ga.,  117 
N.  w.  Milledgeville,  662  W. 

Hickory  Flat,  p-o.,  Simpson  co.,  Ky.,  165  8. 
w.  Frankfort,  688  W. 

Hickory  Flat,  p-o.,  Tippah  co.,  Miss.,  191  n. 
n.  E.  Jackson,  880  W. 

Hickory  Fork,  p-o.,  Gloucester  co.,  Va.,  78 
E.  Richmond,  177  W. 

Hickory  Ground,  p-o.,  Norfolk  co.,  Va.,  124 
s.  E.  Richmond,  249  W. 

Hickory  Grove,  p-o.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  N. 
C,  153  w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  390  W. 

Hickory  Grove,  p-o.,  York  dist,  S.  C,  91  n. 
Columbia,  44  W. 

Hickory  Grove,  Crawford  co.,  Ga.,  65  s.  w. 
Milledgeville,  722  W. 

Hickory  Grove,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Ala., 


131  s.  E.  Tuscaloosa,  862  W, 

Hickory  Grove,  p-o.,  Bond  co.,  111.,  83  s. 
Springfield,  767  W. 

Hickory  Grove,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  Mo.,  81  e. 
n.  e.  Jefferson  city,  857  W.    Pop.  828. 

Hickory  Grove,  p-o.,  Oktibbeha  co.,  Miss., 
149  n.  e.  Jackson,  906  W. 

Hickory  Grove,  p-o.,  McKinn  co.,  Tenn. 

Hickory  Grove,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  96 
w.  Detroit,  566  W. 

Hickory  Grove,  p-o.,  Scott  co.,  Iowa. 

Hickory  Grove,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Mo. 

Hickory  Hill,  p-o.,  Beaufort  dist.,  S.  C. 

Hickory  Hill,  p-o.,  Cole  co.,  Mo.,  20  w.  Jef- 
ferson city,  956  W. 

Hickory  Level,  p-o.,  Talladega  co.,  Ala., 
133  e.  Tuscaloosa,  761  W. 

Hickory  Level,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  Ga.,  130  w. 
N.  w.  Milledgeville,  710  W. 

Hickory  Mountain,  p-o.,  Chatham  co.,  N. 
C,  56  w.  Raleigh,  318  W. 

Hickory  Tavern,  p-o.,  Hartford  co.,  Md.,  58 
N.  Annapolis,  68  W. 

Hickory  Town,  p-o.,  Plymouth  t.,  Montgom- 
ery co.,  Pa.,  101  e.  Harrisburg,  154  W.  It  con- 
tains 1  store,  and  10  dwellings. 

Hickory  Valley,  p-o.,  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn., 
143  s.  e.  Nashville,  603  W. 

Hicksburg,  p-v.,  Dorchester  co.,  Md. 

Hicksford,  p-v.,  capital  of  Greenville  co.,  Va., 
62  s.  Richmond,  181  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  w. 
side  of  Meherrin  r.,  a  branch  of  Chowan  r.  It 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  clerk's  office,  3  stores, 
12  or  14  dwellings,  and  70  inhabitants.  The 
Petersburg  railroad  passes    near    the    v.,    and  field,  854  W. 


Hico,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  Term.,  106  w.  Nash- 
ville, 791  W. 

Higganum,  p-v..  Haddam  t.,  Middlesex  co.. 
Ct.,  21  s.  Hartford,  331  W.  Situated  on  Connec- 
ticut r  where  is  a  convenient  landing,  and 
several  dwellings. 

Higginsport,  p-v.,  Lewis  t.,  Brown  co.,  O., 
124  s.  s.  w.  Columbus,  483  W.  Situated  on  the 
N;^Pk  of  0hio  r»  immediately  below  the  mouth 
of  White  Oak  cr. 

•,P£<^V";LK'  P'v-> Twiggs  co.,  Ga.,  50  Milledge- 
ville, 698  W. 

High  Falls,  p-v.,  Marbletown  t.,  Ulster  co., 
N.  Y.,  69  s.Albany,  318  W.  Situated  on  Ron- 
dout  cr.,  which  here  affords  by  its  falls  a  good 
water  power.  Along  the  creek  passes  the  Dela- 
ware and  Hudson  canal.  It  contains  4  stores, 
2  extensive  flouring  m.,  1  hydraulic  cement  m., 
and  about  40  dwellings. 

High  Falls,  p-o.,  Lumpkin  co.,Ga.,  154  n.  n. 
w.  Milledgeville,  634  W. 

Highgate,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  71  n.  w. 
Montpelier,  545  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side 
of  Lake  Champlain.  Watered  by  Missisque  r., 
which  affords  good  water  power  and  Rock  r. 
The  soil  is  sandy.  Bog  iron  ore  is  found.  It  has 
5  stores,  cap.  ,$8,000  ;  1  woollen  fac,  2  grist  m., 
8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $51,000.  16  sch. 
846  scholars.    Pop.  2,292. 

High  Grove,  p-o.,  Nelson  co.,  Ky.,  53  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  595  W. 

High  Hill,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Ala. 

Highland,  county,  O.  Situated  toward  the 
s.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  555  sq.  miles. 
It  occupies  the  height  of  land  between  Scioto 
and  Miami  rivers.  Watered  by  branches  of 
Paint  cr.,  Brush  cr.,  and  of  the  e.  fork  of  Miami 
r.  The  surface  is  elevated,  and  finely  rolling, 
and  the  soil  is  fertile.  Capital,  HiIlsboro\ 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  19,605,  sheep 
40,613,  swine  42,546;  wheat  373,974  bushels 
produced,  rye  5,008,  Ind.  corn  824,129,  oats 
252,525,  potatoes  30,109,  sugar  147,816  pounds; 
88  stores,  cap.  $150,000;  7  fulling  m.,  28  tan- 
neries, 1  disullery,  3  potteries,  7  flouring  m.,  25 
grist  m.,  24  saw  m.,  3  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices, 
2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $45,337. 
2  acad.  150  students,  88  sch.  5, 102  scholars.  Pop. 
22,269. 

Highland,  p-o.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  139  n.  Har- 
risburg, 249  W. 

Highland,  p-o.,  Chesterfield  t.,  Essex  co.,  N. 
Y.,  151  n.  Albany. 

Highland,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,Tenn.,  69  e.  n.  e. 
Nashville,  633  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Cumberland  r. 

Highland,  p-v.,  Fairfield  t,  Highland  co.,  O., 
50  s.  w.  Columbus.  Situated  on  Lee's  cr.  It 
contains  2  churches,  2  stores,  2  tanneries,  and  50 
dwellings. 

Highland,  t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.  It  contains 
2  churches,  2  saw  m.,  and  2  flouring  m. 

Highland,  p-o.,  Pike  co.,  111.,  74  w^  Spring- 


crosses  the  Meherrin  r.  on  a  bridge,  100  yards 
long,  supported  by  200  stone  piers. 

Hicks'  Mills,  p-o.,  De  Kalb  co.,  111.,  221  n 
n.  e.  Springfield,  794  W. 


Highland,  p-t.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  45  n.  w.  De- 
troit, 569  W.  It  has  3  sch.  100  scholars.  Pop.  566. 

Highland,  p-o.,  Vermilion  co.,  la.,  72  w.  In- 
dianapolis, 644  W.      The  t.   has   1    distillery. 


Hicksville,  v.,  Oyster  Bay  t.,  Queens  co.,|Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,075.    4  sch.  120  scholars. 


N.  Y.  It  is  on  the  line  of  the  Long  Island  rail 
road,  and  contains  1  store,  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Hicksville,  p-v.,  Williams  co.,  O.,  177  n.  w. 
Columbus,  529  W.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $2,000 ; 
1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,100. 
1  sch.  12  scholars.    Pop.  67. 

Hicksville,  p-o.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  29  n. 
w.  Detroit,  550  W. 


|  Pop.  1,653. 

Highland  Mills,  p-v.,  Monroe  t.,  Orange  co., 
N.  Y.,  97  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  231  W.  Here  are  3 
stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  tannery,  and  about 
25  dwellings. 

Highlands,  N.  Y.  Sometimes  called  Mat- 
teawan  mountains,  or  Fishkill  mountains.  These 
mountains  extend  in  a  direction  n.  e.  and  s.  w., 


HIT, 


273 


HTL 


rSHud^TintoWestche-ter    Putnain 

mountains,  and  *eir  »cte oonrist^ gra^e  and 

cneiss  Their  altitude  is  from  1,000  to  1,685  leet 
above  tide  water  ;  and  the  passage  through  them, 
on  the  Hudson,  presents  grand  and  picturesque 

80  High  Rock,  p-o.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  C,  103 
N.  w.  Raleigh,  282  W 

High  Shoals,  p-o.,  Rutherford  co.,  N.  C,  214 
w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  451  W. 

High  Shoals,  p-o.,  Walton  co.,  Ga.,  70  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  624  W.  Situated  near  a  rapid  of 
the  same  name,  in  the  Appalachee  r. 

High  Spire,  p-o.,  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  6  Hams- 

UHigh  Tower,  p-o.,  Forsyth  co.,  Ga.,  119  N.  w. 
Milledgeville,  650  W.  „„.„ 

Hightowers,  p-o.,  Caswell  CO.,  IS.  C,  11  N. 
w.  Raleigh,  263  W.  ,,    ■ 

Hightstown,  p-v.,  East  Windsor  t.,  Mercer 
co ,  N.  J.,  19  E.  Trenton,  185  W.  It  contains  1 
Presbyterian  and  1  Baptist  church,  2  stores,  1 
grist  in.,  1  sawm.,  and  50  or  60  dwellings.  The 
Camden  and  Amboy  railroad  passes  through  it. 

High  Vicco,  p-o.,  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  162  n. 
by  w.  Richmond,  90  W. 

Hilabee,  p-o.,  Talladega  co.,  Ala.,  140  e.  lus- 
caloosa,  781  W. 

Hillham,  p-o.,  Overton  co.,  Tenn.,  88  e.  Nash- 
ville, 616  W. 

Hildreth's,  p-o,,  Knox  co.,  O.,  50  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 382  W.  nT  OA 
Hill  Gore,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.  Pop.  30. 
Hill,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  24  n.  n.  w. 
Concord.  Pemigewasset  r.  runs  on  its  e.  border. 
Watered  by  Smith's  r.  Ragged  mountain  lies 
on  its  s.  border.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  the 
soil  generally  fertile.  Chartered  in  1788.  The 
v.  is  on  an  extended  street,  in  the  s.  e.  part  of 
the  t.,  and  from  it  a  bridge  crosses  the  Pemige- 
wasset to  Sandbornton.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$400;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,700.  10  sch.  300  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  999. 

Hillegas,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  81  e. 
Harrisburg,  174  W.  ^ 

Hill  Grove,  p-o.,  Darke  co.,  O.,  100  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 494  W. 

Hill  House,  p-o.,  Leroy  t.,  Lake  co.,  C\,  185 
N.  E.  Columbus,  344  W. 
Hillian's  Store,  p-o.,  Marshall  co.,  Ala. 
Hilliar,  t.,  Knox  co.,  O.  Situated  in  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  county,  and  contains  the  village  of 
Centreburg.  It  has  8  sch.  250  scholars.  Pop. 
1,012. 

Hilliardston,  p-v.,  Nash  co.,  N.  C,  59  n.  n. 
e.  Raleigh,  239  W. 

Hillsborough,  county,  N.  H.  Situated  in 
the  s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,245  sq. 
ms.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and,  to  a  degree, 
mountainous  ;  the  soil  various.  Watered  by 
Merrimac,  Contoocook,  Nashua,  Souhegan,  and 
Piscataquoag  rivers.  Capital,  Amherst.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  38,381,  sheep  53,864, 
swine  16,188;  wheat  39,027  bushels  produced, 
rye  67,836,  Indian  corn  179,390;  buckwheat 
10,023,  barley  23,687,  oats  160,295,  potatoes 
628,315,  sugar  41,198  pounds;  165  stores,  cap 
$428,901 ;  3  lumber  yards,  cap.  $18,000  ;  2  fur- 
naces, 22  fulling  m.,  12  woollen  fac,  25  cotton 
fac.  65,100  sp.,42  tanneries,  1  brewery,  6  powder 
m.,  1  pottery,  1  flouring  m.,  75  grist  m.,  137  saw 
m.,  2  paper  fac,  5  printing  offices,  2  binderies,  6 
weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac  $2,755,488. 


7  acad.  761  students,  329  sch.  12,798  scholars 
Pop.  42,494. 

Hillsborough,  county,  Florida.  Situated  m 
the  w.  part  of  the  peninsula.  It  is  bounded  w. 
by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  includes  Tampa  bay. 
Watered  by  Hillsboro',  Alalia,  and  Asternal 
rivers.  The  soil  is  various.  It  has  some  live 
oak  hammock,  interspersed  with  cane,  and  tall 
palmettoes.  Some  of  the  land  is  very  fertile. 
Capital,  Tampa.     Pop.  452. 

Hillsborough,  p-t.,  Hillsborough  co.,  IS.  H., 
24  s.  w.  by  w.  Concord,  464  W.  Incorporated  m 
1772.    The  surface  is  uneven,  and  the  soU  fer- 


tile. Watered  by  Contoocook  r.,  which  affords 
good  water  power,  and  Hillsborough  r.  The  v. 
is  pleasantly  situated,  containing  a  number  of 
stores,  dwellings,  mills,  and  manufactories. 
There  are  in  the  t.  6  stores,  cap.  $16,000 ;  2  ful- 
ling m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  cotton  fac.  2,132  sp.,  5 
tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $51,032.  17  schools,  558  scholars.  Pop. 
1  807 

'  Hillsborough,  t.,  Somerset  co.,  N.  J.  The 
surface  on  the  w.  is  hilly,  on  the  e.  level.  Soil, 
on  the  w.,  clay  loam,  on  the  E.,  red  shale.  The 
s.  branch  of  Raritan  r.  runs  on  its  n.  boundary, 
and  Millstone  r.  on  the  e.  Watered  by  Roy's 
brook,  a  branch  of  Millstone  r.  It  has  a  Dutch 
Reformed  church.  It  contains  9  stores,  cap. 
$27,600;  1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  1  pottery,  1 
flouring  m.,  6  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac  $22,100.  10  sch.  256  scholars.  Pop. 
2,863. 

Hillsborough,  p-v.,  Bethlehem  t.,  Washing- 
ton co.,  Pa.,  203  w.  Harrisburg,  219  W.  It  is 
built  on  a  single  street,  on  the  national  road,  and 
contains  4  stores,  30  dwellings,  and  about  180 
inhabitants.  It  is  elevated  1,002  feet  above  the 
Ohio  r.,  at  Wheeling. 

Hillsborough,  p-v.,  Caroline  co.,  Md.,  59  e. 
Annapolis,  99  W.  Situated  on  Tuckahoe  creek, 
46  s.  e.  Baltimore. 

Hillsborough,  p-v.,  Loudon  co.,  Va.,  166  n. 
Richmond,  47  W.  It  contains  1  Methodist  church, 
an  academy,  3  stores,  2  flouring  m.,  30  dwellings, 
and  175  inhabitants. 

Hillsborough,  p-v.,  capital  of  Orange  co.,  N. 
C,  40  n.  w.  Raleigh,  274  W.  It  is  situated  on 
Eno  r.,  a  branch  of  Neuse  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house  and  several  dwellings. 

Hillsborough,  p-v.,  Jasper  co.,  Ga.,  28  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  651  W.  It  contains  an  academy, 
4  stores,  and  10  or  15  dwellings. 

Hillsborough,  p-v.,  Lawrence  county,  Ala., 
127  n.  Tuscaloosa,  751  W. 

Hillsborough,  p-v.,  capital  of  Scott  co.,  Miss 
48  e.  Jackson,  968  W.      Situated  on  a 
branch  of  Pearl    river.     It  contains    a 
house. 

Hillsborough,  p-v.,  Coffee  co.,  Tenn 
e.  Nashville,  646  W. 

Hillsborough,  p-v.,  Fleming  co.,  Ky 
Frankfort,  498  W.      It    contains    1    Methodist 
church  and  200  inhabitants. 

Hillsborough,  p-t.,  capital  of  Highland  co., 
O.,  75  s.  w.  Columbus,  442  W.  Situated  near 
the  source  of  Rocky  fork  of  Paint  creek.  It  con- 
tains an  elegant  court  house,  2  churches,  2  acade- 
mies, 8  stores,  and  about  1,200  inhabitants. 

Hillsborough,  p-v.,  Fountain  co.,  la.,  61  w. 
N.  w.  Indianapolis,  632  W. 

Hillsborough,  p-v.,  capital  of  Montgomery 
co.,  111.,  64  s.  Springfield,  768  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  6  stores,  2  tanneries,  80  dwell- 
ings, and  400  inhabitants. 

Hillsboro',  p-v.,  capital  of  Jefferson  co.,  Mo., 
132  a.  Jefferson  city,  852  W.    Situated  on  the  e. 


small 
court 

76  s. 

91  E. 


HIN 


279 


HIN 


side  of  Big  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house  and 
several  dwellings. 

Hillsborough  Bridge,  p-v.,  Hillsboro'  co., 
N.  H.,  21  s.  w.  by  w.  Concord,  461  W. 

Hillsborough  Centre,  p-v.,  Hillsboro'  co., 
N.  H.,  24  s.  w.  by  w.  Concord,  464  W. 

Hill's  Bridge,  p-o.,  Halifax  co.,  N.  C,  89  n. 
e.  Raleigh,  235  W. 

Hill's  Corners,  p-o.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me. 

Hillsdale,  county,  Mich.  Situated  in  the  s. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  576  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  St.  Joseph  r.  of  Lake  Michigan,  St.  Joseph 
of  the  Maumee  r.,  Little  St.  Joseph,  Goose,  and 
Tiffin's  creeks,  Hog  r.,  Sandy  r.,  and  Kalamazoo 
s.  branch.  Organized  in  1835.  The  surface  is 
undulating.  It  is  some  of  the  most  elevated  land 
in  the  peninsula.  Soil,  a  rich,  black,  sandy  loam. 
Iron  ore,  and  sandstone  suitable  for  grindstones, 
are  found.  Capital,  Jonesville.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  6,926,  sheep  1,804,  swine  10,630; 
wheat  80,256  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  82,757, 
buckwheat  1,598,  barley  4,837,  oats  71,741,  pota- 
toes 75,230,  sugar  52,935  pounds ;  12  stores,  cap. 
$61,400;  3  grist  m.,  16  saw  m.,  1  printing  office, 
1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $48,700. 
32  sch.  1,003  scholars.    Pop.  7,240. 

Hillsdale,  p-t.,  Columbia  co.,  N.  Y.,  45  s.  Al- 
bany, 357  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  moun- 
tainous, containing  Taghkannic  mountain  ;  soil, 
gravelly  loam  and  clay.  Drained  by  Ancram 
and  Copake  creeks.  The  v.  contains  2  churches, 
3  stores,  1  tannery,  and  15  or  20  dwellings.  There 
are  in  the  t.,  7  stores,  cap.  $12,500  ;  2  fulling  m., 

1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$17,450.     IS  sch.  466  scholars.     Pop.  2,470. 

Hillsdale,  p-o.,  Guilford  co.,  N.  C,  95  w.  n. 
w.  Raleigh,  290  W. 

Hillsdale,  p-v.,  Fayette  t.,  Hillsdale  co., 
Mich.,  98  w.  s.  w.  Detroit,  534  W.  Situated  on 
the  outlet  of  St.  Joseph  or  Baubese  lake,  near 
the  entrance  of  French  cr.  It  has  an  extensive 
water  power,  and  contains  1  saw  m.  and  1  flour- 
ing m. 

Hill's  Grove,  p-o.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  100  n. 
e.  Harrisburg,  211  W. 

Hill's  Grove,  p-o.,  McDonough  co.,  111.,  98 
N.  w.  Springfield,  871  W. 

Hill  s  Point,  p-o.,  Platte  co.,  Mo. 

Hill's  Store,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  N.  C,  84 
w.  Raleigh,  390  W 

Hillsview,  p-o.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  154 
w.  Harrisburg,  180  W. 

Hillsville,  p-o.,  Grayson  co.,  Va.,  245  w.  s. 
w.  Richmond,  320  W. 

Hillsville,  p-v.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  245  w.  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  233  W. 

Hill  Top,  p-o.,  Wayne  county,  Pa.,  181  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  278  W. 

Hilltown,  p-t.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  100  e.  Harris- 
burg, 169  W.  Drained  by  branches  of  Nishaminy 
cr.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $14,300  ;  1  lumber  yard, 
cap.  $6,000  ;  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2  grist  m., 

2  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,289.  3 
sch.  92  scholars.     Pop.  1,910. 

Hiltons,  p-o.,  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  295  e.  Nash- 
ville, 401  W. 

Hinckley,  p-t.,  Medina  co.,  O.,  132  n.  n.  e. 
Columbus,  352  W.  The  surface  is  elevated  and 
broken,  and  the  soil  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to  graz- 
ing and  to  grain.  Watered  by  a  branch  of  Rocky 
r.,  which  affords  water  power.  Red  sandstone, 
iron  ore,  and  coal  are  found.  It  has  1  Methodist 
church,  1  store,  1  fulling  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,625.  6  sch.  258  scholars. 
Pop.  1,335. 

Hinds,  county,  Miss.  Situated  in  the  central 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  875  sq.  ms.    Drain- 


ed by  small  streams  entering  Prarl  r.  on  the  e., 
and  others  entering  Big  Black  r.  on  the  w.  Sur- 
face, level ;  soil,  generally  fertile.  Capital,  Ray- 
mond. Jarikson,  the  capital  of  the  state,  is  situ- 
ated in  this  county,  on  the  w.  side  of  Pearl  river. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  17,595,  sheep 
3,439,  swine  40,290;  Ind.  corn  650,500  bush,  pro- 
duced, oats  2,466,  potatoes  72,725,  rice  50,000 
pounds,  cotton  9,91 1,800;  26  stores,  cap.  $154,000; 
1  tannery,  54  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.,  5  printing  offices, 
6  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$35,900.  1  college,  45  students,  3  acad.  90  stu- 
dents, 18  sch.  391  scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,773, 
slaves  12,275,  free  col'd  43;  total,  19,093. 

Hindsburg,  p-o.,  Murray  t.,  Orleans  co.,  N. 
Y..  245  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  394.  W. 

Hindsville,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  la.,  82  s.  In- 
dianapolis, 583  W. 

Hiner's  Run,  p-o.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  130  n. 
Harrisburg,  222  W. 

Hinesburg,  p-t.,  Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  42  w. 
Montpelier,  506  W.  Chartered  in  1762.  Water- 
ed by  Platte  r.  and  Lewis  cr.  The  surface  is  un- 
even, and  the  soil  fertile,  well  adapted  to  graz- 
ing. It  has  1  Congregational  and  1  Baptist  church. 
The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated  on  Platte  r.,  on  one 
street,  and  contains  a  handsome  church,  2  stores, 
and  1  woollen  fac.  There  are  in  the  t.,  7  stores, 
cap.  $25,500 ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  2  tan- 
neries, 1  distillery,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $35,170.  1  acad.  102  students,  16  sch. 
495  scholars.    Pop.  1,682. 

Hinesville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Liberty  co.,  Ga., 
196  s.  e.  Milledgeville,  700  W.  It  is  situated  on 
the  pine  lands,  14  ms.  n.  e.  Riceboro'.  It  con- 
tains 3  or  4  dwellings. 

Hingham,  p-t.,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  15  s.  E. 
Boston,  455  W.  Incorporated  in  1635.  Situated 
on  the  s.  side  of  Boston  bay.  The  surface  is 
broken,  and  the  soil,  in  many  parts,  fertile.  It 
contains  several  churches,  1  of  which  was  erect- 
ed in  1680,  and  is  still  a  substantial  building,  a 
bank,  an  insurance  office,  a  savings  bank,  and  2 
academies.  It  has  about  80  vessels  employed  in 
the  fisheries  and  the  coasting  trade.  Several 
packets  communicate  regularly  wilh  Boston,  and 
a  steamboat  daily,  in  the  summer  season.  It  has 
32  stores,  cap.  $46,600  ;  2  lumber  yards,  capital 
$6,000  ;  1  furnace,  3  tanneries,  1  printing  office, 
1  weekly  newspaper,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  oil 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $105,800  ;  1  acad.  88  stu- 
dents, 12  sch.  859  scholars.     Pop.  3,564. 

Hinkletown,  p-v.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  42  e. 
s.  E.  Harrisburg,  130  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side 
of  Conestoga  creek,  and  contains  10  or  12  dwell- 

Hinsdale,  p-t.,  Cheshire  co.,  N.  H.,  71  s.  w. 
by  w.  Concord,  419  W.  Connecticut  r.  bounds 
it  on  the  w.  Watered  by  Ashuelot  r.  and  its 
branches,  and  small  streams  which  enter  Con- 
necticut r.  A  mountain  range,  8  or  900  feel  high, 
crosses  the  t.  from  E.  to  w.  Much  of  the  soil  is 
fertile  and  well  cultivated.  Iron  ore  is  found. 
Incorporated  in  1753.  It  has  2  stores,  capital 
$5,500 ;  1  furnace,  1  forge,  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$28,200.    8  sch.  307  scholars.    Pop.  1,141. 

Hinsdale,  p-t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  121  w. 
Boston,  385  W.  The  surface  is  elevated,  and  the 
soil  adapted  to  grazing.  A  large  amount  of  wool 
is  produced,  and  it  has  considerable  manufactures. 
The  v.  contains  3  churches— 1  Congregational,  1 
Baptist,  and  1  Methodist.  There  are  in  the  t.,  2 
woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  mills. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $89,200.    6  sch.  227  scholars. 

Hinsdale,  p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.  Y.,  287  w. 


HOC 


280 


HOL 


s  w  Albany^  313  W.  Situated  on  the  Genesee 
Valley  canal,  and  on  the  line  of  the  New  York 
and  Erie  railroad.  The  v.  contains  2  churches, 
an  academy,  6  stores,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  and  1 
tannery.  The  state  is  here  constructing  a  large 
basin,  and  the  place  is  well  situated  for  trade. 
There  are  in  the  t.,  6  stores,  cap.  $25,500  ;  2  tan- 
neries, 1  distillery,  2  grist  m.,  15  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $17,550.    16  sch.  563  scholars.  Pop. 

I.937- 
Hinton's  Grove,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Ala. 

Hiram,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  79  w.  s.  w.  Au- 
gusta, 555  W.  Situated  on  both  sides  of  Saco  r. 
Incorporated  in  1807.  The  soil  is  fertile  and 
adapted  to  grain  and  to  grazing.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $1,400 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  null. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000.  15  sch.  535  scholars. 
Pop.  1,233. 

Hiram,  p-t.,  Portage  co.,  O.,  154  n.  e.  Colum- 
bus, 323  W.  The  soil  is  fertile  and  well  culti- 
vated.   It  has  7  sch.  330  scholars.     Pop.  1,080. 

Hiramsburg,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  O.,  99  e.  s.  e. 
Columbus,  308  W. 

Hitchcockville,  p-v.,  Barkhamstead  t., 
Litchfield  co.,  Ct.,  26  n.  w.  Hartford,  350  W.  Sit- 
uated on  the  w.  branch  of  Farmington  r.,  which 
affords  good  water  power,  near  the  n.  w.  corner 
of  the  t.,  and  contains  1  Episcopal  church,  2  stores, 
and  about  25  dwellings. 

Hitesville,  p-v.,  Coles  co.,  111.,  108  e.  s.  e 
Springfield,  681  W. 
Hiwassee,  p-o.,  Macon  co.,  N.  C. 
Hiwassee,  r.,  Ga.,  rises  in  Union    co.,  and 
flows  into  Tennessee,  and  enters  the  Tennessee  r. 
12  ms.  s.  w.  of  Washington. 

Hix's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  Ark.,  170  n. 
e.  Little  Rock,  967  W.    Situated  at  the  crossing 
of  Current  r. 
Hoadlin,  t,  Van  Wert  co.,  O.    Pop.  40. 
Hoag's  Corners,  p-o.,  Nassau  t.,  Rensselaer 
co.,  N.  Y.,  22  e.  Albany,  378  W. 

Hobart,  p-v.,  Stamford  t.,  Delaware  co.,  N. 
Y.,  65  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  353  W.  Situated  on  the 
head  waters  of  Delaware  r.,  and  contains  1  Epis- 
copal church,  6  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  fur- 
nace, 1  clothier's  works,  50  dwellings  and  300 
inhabitants. 

Hobbieville,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y.,  267 
w.  by  s.  Albany,  330  W. 

Hobbieville,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  la.,  88  s.  w. 
Indianapolis,  63S  W. 

Hoboken,  p-v.,  Bergen  t.,  Hudson  co.,  N.  J., 
60  n.  e.  Trenton,  226  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
bank  of  Hudson  r.,  opposite  to  New  York,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  3  steam  ferries.  It  con- 
tains an  Episcopal  church,  50  dwellings,  several 
public  houses,  and  fine  grounds,  called  the  Elys- 
tan  Fields,  beautifully  laid  out,  and  is  much  fre- 
quented from  the  city  in  the  summer  season. 

Hockhocking,  r.,  O.,  rises  in  Fairfield  co.,  and 
meanders  through  a  hilly  country  80  ms.  in  a  s.  E. 
direction  to  Ohio  r.,  in  the  town  of  Troy,  25  ms. 
below  Marietta.  Excepting  the  lower  falls  and 
some  mill  dams,  it  is  boatable  70  ms.  It  affords 
excellent  mill  sites,  having  a  fall  near  its  source 
of  40  feet  perpendicularly. 

Hocking,  county,  O.  Situated  centrally  to- 
ward the  s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  432  sq 
ms  The  surface  is  generally  hilly  and  broken, 
and  contains  much  fertile  land.  Watered  by 
Hockhocking  r.  and  the  head  waters  of  Racoon 
and  Salt  creeks.  Capital,  Logan.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,921,  sheep  12,853,  swine 
13,043 ;  wheat  109,120  bush,  produced,  rye  4,3 32, 
Ind.  corn  181,284,  buckwheat  9,578,  oats  37,374, 
potatoes  24,212,  tobacco  317,630  pounds,  sugar 
155,332;  13  stores,  cap.  $18,400;  1  fulling  m.,  4 


tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  flouring  m.,  6  grist  m.,  9 
saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $238,275.  15  sch.  418  scholars. 
Pop.  9,741. 

Hocking,  t.,  Fairfield  co.,  O.  It  contains  the 
villages  of  Lancaster  and  Hamburg.     Pop.  2,137. 

Hocking,  city,  p-v.,  Athens  co.,  O.,  101  s.  E. 
Columbus,  320  W. 

Hockingport,  p-v.,  Athens  co.,  O.,  104  s.  E. 
Columbus,  323  W. 

Hodgdon,  p-t.,  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  202  n.  n.  e. 
Augusta,  797  W.  Incorporated  in  1832.  The  soil 
is  fertile,  producing  wheat.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$1,000;  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $3,200.  6  sch.  296  scholars.  Pop. 
665. 

Hodgdon's  Mills,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  43 
Augusta,  604  W. 

Hodgensville,  p-v.,  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  89  s-.  w. 
Frankfort,  631  W. 

Hoffman's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Glennville  t.,  Sche- 
nectady co.,  N.  Y.,  26  n.  w.  Albany,  394  W. 

Hoffman's  Gate,  p-o.,  Claverack  t.,  Columbia 
co.,  N.  Y.,  41  s.  Albany,  353  W. 

Hoffsville,  p-v.,  Harrison  co.,  Va.,  249  N.  w. 
Richmond,  243  W. 

Hogansburg,  p-v.,  Bombay  t.,  Franklin  co.,  N. 
Y.,  234  n.  Albany,  538  W.  Situated  on  St.  Re- 
gis r.,  which  is  navigable  from  the  St.  Lawrence 
to  this  place  by  steamboats.  It  contains  2  church- 
es, 6  stores,  1  woollen  fac,  1  fulling  m.,  1  grist  m., 

2  saw  m.,  40  dwellings,  and  about  250  inhabitants. 
Hogestown,  p-v.,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  9  s. 

w.  Harrisburg,  108  W.  It  contains  1  store  and 
about  12  dwellings. 

Hogg  Creek,  p-o.,  Allen  co.,  O. 

Hogg's  Store,  p-o.,  Newberry  dist.,  S.  C,  40 
N.  w.  Columbia,  493  W. 

Hokesville,  p-v.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.  C,  159  w. 
s.  w.  Raleigh,  396  W. 

Holcomb,  p-o.  and  depot,  Burke  co.,  Ga.,  58 
e.  s.  e.  Milledgeville,  647  W.  Situated  on  the 
Central  Railroad,  100  ms.  n.  w.  Savannah. 

Holden,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  48  w.  Bos- 
ton, 405  W.  Watered  by  branches  of  Blackstone 
and  Nashua  rivers.     Incorporated  in  1740.     It  has 

3  stores,  cap.  $10,000 ;  4  cotton  fac.  5,700  sp.,  3 
grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $55,000. 
12  sch.  527  scholars.     Pop.  1,874. 

Holderness,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  38  n. 
Concord,  519  W.  Squam  lake  lies  on  the  E.  part 
of  the  t.,  and  affords  by  its  outlet,  which  flows 
into  Pemigewasset  r.,  excellent  water  power. 
Chartered  m  1751.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $3,000 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  2  paper  fac, 
3  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $31,608. 
17  sch.  665  scholars.    Pop.  1,528. 

Holderness  Centre,  p-v.,  Holderness  t., 
Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  42  n.  Concord,  523  W. 

Holland,  p-t.,  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  67  s.  w. 
by  w.  Boston,  373  W.  Watered  by  Quinnebaug 
r.  It  has  1  store,  1  cotton  fac  1,150  sp.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $25,003.    4  sch.  100  scholars.    Pop.  423. 

Holland,  p-t.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y.,  284  w.  Albany, 
351  W.  The  surface  is  elevated  and  rolling; 
soil,  moist  clay  and  sandy  loam.  Drained  by 
Seneca  and  Cazenove  creeks.  The  v.  contains 
15  or  20  dwellings.  The  t.  contains  1  store,  cap. 
$4,500 ;  1  fulling  m..  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  6  saw 
m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,600.     Pop.  1,242. 

Holland,  t..  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  56  n.  n.  e.  Mont- 

pelier.     Bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lower  Canada, 

It  has  4  sch.  123  scholars. 


and  has  a  fertile  soil. 
Pop.  605. 

Holland,  p-o.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  220  w.  N.  w. 
Harrisburg,  339  W. 

Holland  Patent,  p-v.,  Trenton  t,  Oneida  co., 


HOL 


281 


IJOM 


N.  Y.,  12  n.  Utica,  100  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  402  VV. 
It  contains  2  churches,  an  academy,  40  dwellings, 
and  about  300  inhabitants. 

Holland's,  p-o.,  Laurens  dist.,  S.  C,  61  n.  w. 
Columbia,  505  W. 

Holley,  p-v.,  Murray  t.,  Orleans  co.,  N.  Y., 
2!0  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  389  W.  Situated  on  the 
Erie  canal,  which  here  passes  over  Sandy  cr.  by 
an  embankment  75  feet  above  the  bed  of  the 
stream.  It  contains  2  churches,  8  stores,  3  ware- 
houses, 1  flouring  in.,  1  carding  machine,  2  saw 
m.,  60  dwellings,  and  about  300  inhabitants. 

Hollidaysburg,  p-b.,  Frankstown  t.,  Hunt- 
ingdon co.,  Pa.,  118  w.  N.  w.  Harrisburg,  161  W. 
Situated  on  Beaver  Dam  cr.  It  contains  5  church- 
es?— 1  Presbyterian,  1  Lutheran,  1  Baptist,  1  Meth- 
odist, and  1  African.  From  a  basin  near  this  place, 
a  railroad  passes  over  the  Alleghany  mountains 
to  Johnstown.  The  vertical  ascent  is  1,400  feet 
in  a  little  over  10  miles,  and  the  descent  1,151 
feet  in  about  26£  miles,  by  a  number  of  inclined 
planes,  over  which  the  cars  are  drawn  by  ma- 
chinery. It  has  7  commission  houses,  cap.  $62,000 ; 
27  stores,  cap.  $105,800 ;  1  furnace,  2  printing  of- 
fices, 2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$11,750.     5  sch.  225  scholars.     Pop.  1,896. 

Holliday's  Cove,  p-o.,  Brooke  co.,  Va.,  354 
N.  w.  Richmond,  265  W. 

Hollingsworth,  p-o.,  Habersham  co.,  Ga., 
132  n.  Milledgeville,  613  W. 

Hollis,  p-t.,  York  co.,  Me.,  66  s.  w.  Augusta, 
531  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Saco  r.  In- 
corporated in  1812.  It  contains  11  stores,  cap. 
$10,625  ;  1  tannery,  2  potteries,  7  grist  m.,  16  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $30,050.  20  sch.  961  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  2,363. 

Hollis,  p-t.,  Hillsboro'  co.,  N.  H.,  44  s.  Con- 
cord, 439  W.  Watered  by  Nashua  r.  Incorpo- 
rated in  1746.  It  has  a  pleasant  v.  near  the  cen- 
tre. It  contains  2  stores,  cap.  $6,000 ;  1  tannery, 
3  grist  m.     12  sch.  533  scholars.     Pop.  1,333. 

Holliston,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  24  s.  w. 
by  w.  Boston,  415  W.  Watered  by  a  branch  of 
Charles  r.  Incorporated  in  1724.  The  v.  at  the 
centre  contains  1  Congregational  and  1  Method- 
ist church.  There  are  in  the  t.  6  stores,  cap. 
$14,5;X) ;  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  5 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $66,200.  1  acad.  140 
students,  9  sch.  403  scholars.    Pop.  1,782. 

Hollis  Plains,  p-o.,  Robertson  co.,  Tenn.,  21 
N.  Nashville,  705  W. 

Holly,  t.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1  sch. 
32  scholars.    Pop.  429. 

Holly  Creek,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  Tenn.,  119  s. 
w.  Nashville,  776  W. 

Holly  Grove,  p-o.,  Tishamingo  co.,  Miss.,  223 
N.  N.  E.  Jackson,  840  W. 

Holly  Springs,  p-o.,  Wake  co.,  N.  C,  16 
Raleigh,  304  W. 

Holly  Springs,  p-v.,  capital  of  Marshall  co., 
Miss.,  193  N.  by  e.  Jackson,  893  W.  Situated  on 
a  high  ridge.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  sev- 
eral stores  and  dwellings. 

Hollow  Creek,  p-o.,  Lexington  dist,  S.  C, 
26  w.  Columbia,  532  W. 

Holmdel,  p-v.,  Middletown  t.,  Monmouth  co., 
N.  J.,  45  E.  Trenton,  211  W.  It  contains  1  Bap- 
tist church,  an  academy,  2  stores,  and  10  or  12 
dwellings. 

Holmes,  county,  O.  Situated  n.  e.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  422  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  in  some  parts  is  rough,  but  the  soil  is  gen- 
erally fertile.  Watered  by  Kilbuck  and  Mohic- 
can  creeks.  Capital,  Millersburg.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  16,3S5,  sheep  32,117,  swine 
25,588 ;  wheat  299, 188  bush,  produced,  rye  33,231, 
Ind.  corn  217.563,  buckwheat  17,843,  oats  228,712, 
36 


potatoes  72,078,  sugar  71,939  pounds;  20  stores, 
cap.  $82,355  ;  6  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  9  tan- 
neries, 3  distilleries,  2  potteries,  7  flouring  m.,  16 
grist  m.,  26  saw  m.,  4  oil  m.,  1  printing  office,  1 
weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $75,916. 
11  sch.  484  scholars.     Pop.  18,0SS. 

Holmes,  county,  Miss.  Situated  a  little  n.  w. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  600  sq. 
ms.  Yazoo  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border,  and  Big  Black 
r.  on  the  e.  border.  Capital,  Lexington.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  20,137,  sheep  2,396, 
swine  29,542 ;  wheat  3,707  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  480,740,  oats  39,460,  potatoes  75,714,  rice 
5,161  pounds,  tobacco  4,518,  cotton  8,085,973; 
28  stores,  cap.  $187,100;  39  cotton  fac.  234  sp., 
15  tanneries.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,302.  1  acad- 
emy, 13  sch.  301  scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,852, 
slaves  5,566,  free  col'd  34;  total,  9,452. 

Holmes,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  O.  It  has  6  sch.  304 
scholars.     Pop.  745. 

Holmesburg,  p-v.,  Lower  Dublin  t.,  Philadel- 
phia co.,  Pa.,  9  w.  Bristol,  107  e.  by  s.  Harrisburg, 
147  W.  Situated  on  Pennypack  cr.,  which  is 
navigable  for  sloops  to  Lewis  Mills,  in  the  vicin- 
ity. It  contains  4  stores,  and  about  89  dwellings. 
The  mill  was  erected,  of  stone,  in  1697. 

Holmes  Hole,  p-v.,  Tisbury  t.,  Dukes  co.,. 
Mass.,  89  s.  s.  e.  Boston,  471  W.  This  is  an  im- 
portant harbor,  on  the  N.  side  of  Martha's  Vine- 
yard, and  is  spacious  and  safe,  with  a  depth  of 
water  sufficient  for  vessels  of  the  largest  class. 
It  is  much  resorted  to  by  navigators,  when  the 
wind  will  not  allow  of  doubling  Cape  Cod.  It 
has  a  number  of  vessels,  chiefly  employed  in  the 
fisheries.  It  contains  1  Baptist  and  1  Methodist 
church,  and  about  100  dwellings. 

Holmesville,  p-v.,  Holmes  co.,  O.,  93  n.  e. 
Columbus,  349  W. 

Holmesville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Appling  co.,  Ga., 
177  s.  s.  e.  Milledgeville,  788  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  and  several  dwellings. 

Holmesville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Pike  co.,  Miss., 
87  s.  Jackson,  1,095  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side 
of  Bogue  Chitto  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house 
and  several  dwellings. 
Holmesville,  p-v.,  Avoyelles  parish,  La. 
Holston,  r.,  Tenn.,  unites  with  Clinch  r.  at 
Kingston  to  form  the  Tennessee  r.  It  is  deep, 
and  navigable  70  ms.,  with  the  interruption  of  a 
fall  of  7  feet.  Near  its  source,  7  ms.  n.  w.  Lan- 
caster, is  a  fall  of  40  feet.  Valuable  salt  works 
exist  near  its  sources. 

Holston,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Va.,  312  w.  s.  w. 
Richmond,  380  W. 
Holston,  p-o.,  Knox  co.,  Tenn. 
Holt's  Store,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C,  64  n.  w. 
Raleigh,  307  W. 

Holyoke  Place,  p-o.,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass., 
91  w.  Boston,  330  W. 

Home,  p-o.,  Indiana  co.,  la.,  165  w.  n.  w.  Har- 
risburg, 218  W. 

Home,  p-v.,  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.,  93  s.  e.  Indian- 
apolis, 550  W. 

Homer,  p-t.,  Cortland  co.,  N.  Y.,  141  w.  Al- 
bany, 317  W.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  a  pro- 
ductive sandy  and  clay  loam.  Drained  by 
Toughnioga  cr.  and  its  tributaries.  The  v.  is 
situated  on  the  w.  bank  of  the  cr.  Incorporated 
in  1335.  It  contains  4  churches— 1  Presbyterian, 
1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Universalist— a  flour- 
ishing academy,  10  stores,  1  woollen  fac,  2  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  oil  fac,  1  nail  fac,  1  tannery,  225 
dwellings,  and  1,330  inhabitants.  There  are  m 
the  t.  7  stores,  cap.  $161,000;  3  lumber  yards, 
cap.  $2,200 ;  1  furnace,  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  1  cotton  fac  1,916  spindles,  4  tanneries,  1 
brewery,  1  pottery,  4  grist  m-,  11  saw  m.,  1  oil  m 


HOO 


282 


HOP 


1  acad.  350  students, 


Cap.  in  manufac.  $113,400.     1  ac: 
19  sch.  861  scholars.     Pop.  3,5/2 

Homer,  t.,  Medina  co.,  O.  It  has  1  saw  m.,  7 
sch.  233  scholars.     Pop.  660. 

Homer,  p-v.,  Burlington  t.,  Licking  co.,  O.,  46 
N.  E.  Columbus,  385  W.  Pleasantly  situated  on 
the  N.  fork  of  Licking  r.,  and  contains  3  churches 
—1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  1  Methodist— 3  stores, 
3  saw  m.,  2  flouring  m.,  1  carding  machine,  1  full- 
ing m.,  40  dwellings,  and  201  inhabitants. 

Homer,  t.,  Athens  co.,  O.  Situated  on  the  wa- 
ters of  Federal  cr.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,500 ;  1 
saw  m.,  5  sch.  125  scholars.  Pop.  912. 
Homer,  p-o.,  Champaign  co.,  111. 
Homer,  p-t.,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.  It  has  a  fertile 
soil,  well  adapted  to  grain,  and  contains  5  stores, 
cap.  $68,500 ;  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $26,400.  8  sch.  157  scholars. 
Pop.  824. 

Honeoye,  p-v.,  Richmond  t.,  Ontario  co.,  N.  Y., 
214  w.  Albany,  33S  W.  Situated  at  the  foot  of 
Honeoye  lake,  and  contains  1  church,  5  stores,  1 
woollen  fac,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  tannery,  25 
dwellings,  and  200  inhabitants. 

Honeoye  Falls,  p-v.,  Mendon  t.,  Monroe  co., 
N.  Y.,  214  w.  by  n.  Albany,  360  W.  Situated  on 
Honeoye  cr.,  which  has  a  perpendicular  fall  of 
30  feet  in  the  centre  of  the  v.,  and  successive 
falls  of  100  feet  in  the  whole,  in  2  ms.  It  con- 
tains 4  churches— 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1 
Methodist,  and  1  Unitarian— 10  stores,  2  flouring 
m.,  2  woollen  fac,  2  furnaces,  1  axe  fac,  1  saw  m., 
180  dwellings,  and  about  1,000  inhabitants.  Here 
is  an  extensive  quarry  of  fine  building  stone. 

Honeoye  Lake,  N.  Y.,  lies  chiefly  in  Rich- 
mond t.,  and  is  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water,  5  ms. 
long  and  1  wide,  abounding  with  fine  fish. 

Honesdale,  p-b.,  capital  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa., 
172N.E.Harrisburg,269W.  It  is  in  Texas  t.  Situ- 
ated at  the  confluence  of  Dyberry  and  Lacka- 
waxen  creeks.  The  Lackawaxen  canal  and  rail- 
road terminate  at  this  place.  It  has  risen  up 
within  a  few  years,  and  contains  the  office  of  the 
Delaware  and  Hudson  Canal  Co.,  and  about  200 
dwellings.  Incorporated  in  1831.  It  has  6  stores, 
cap.  $11,200;  1  tannery,  14  grist  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac  $86,300.  2  acad.  60  students,  2  sch.  70 
scholars.    Pop.  1,086. 

Honeybrook,  p-t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  33  n.  w. 
Philadelphia,  55  e.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  133  W.  The 
surface  is  a  gentle  declivity ;  soil,  sandy  loam. 
Watered  by  branches  of  Brandywine  r.  It  has  5 
stores,  cap.  $13,600  ;  2  tanneries,  2  flouring  m.,  2 
grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,060.  6 
sch.  369  scholars.     Pop.  1,773. 

Honey  Creek,  p-o.,  Henderson  co.,  111.,  110 
N.  w.  Springfield,  867  W. 

Honeyville,  p-v.,  Page  co.,  Va.,  125  n.  w. 
Richmond,  108  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  side  of 
Shenandoah  r. 

Hood's  Mills,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  56  N.  w. 
Annapolis,  61  W. 

Hookerstown,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  N.  C,  94  e. 
by  s.  Raleigh,  304  W. 

Hookset,  p-t.,  Merrimac  co.,  N.  H.,  9  s.  s.  E. 
Concord,  472  W.  Incorporated  in  1822.  Merri- 
mac r.  passes  through  the  t.,  and  has  a  descent  of 
16  feet  in  80  rods,  around  which  is  a  canal  a  quar- 
ter of  a  m.  long.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  the  r.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $10,000;  1 
cotton  fac.  6,672  sp.,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac  $158,800.  7  sch.  191  scholars.  Pop 
1,175. 

Hookstown,  p-v.,  Greene  t.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa., 
242  w.  by  n.  Harrisburg,  264  W.     Situated  ok  a 
branch  of  Mill  cr.,  13  s.  w.  Beaver. 
2  stores,  and  40  or  50  dwellings. 


Hoosick  r.,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Mass.  and  Vt.,  and 
flows  through  Rensselaer  co.  into  Hudson  river. 
It  affords  extensive  water  power. 

Hoosick,  p-t..  Rensselaer  co.,  IN.  Y.,  32  n.  e. 
Albany,  400  W.  The  surface  is  hilly;  soil,  clay, 
sand,  and  loam,  adapted  to  grazing.  Watered  by 
Hoosick  r.  It  has  11  stores,  cap.  $29,600  ;  1  ful- 
ling m.,  1  woollen  fac,  3  cotton  fac.  4,632  sp., 
1  tannery,  59  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac  $147,350.  20  schools,  812  scholars. 
Pop.  3,539. 

Hoosick  Falls,  p-v.,  Hoosick  t.,  Rensselaer 
co.,  N.  Y.,  35  n.  e.  Albany,  403  W.  Situated  on 
both  sides  of  Hoosick  r.,  which  has  here  a  fall  of 
40  feet,  affording  a  fine  water  power.  Incorpo- 
rated in  1827.  It  contains  3  churches — 1  Presby- 
terian, 1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist— 5  stores,  2 
cotton  fac,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  cloth  dressing 
I  and  fulling  m.,  1  machine  shop,  80  dwellings,  and 
about  500  inhabitants. 

Hootensville,  p-v.,  Upson  co.,  Ga.,  71  w.  by 
s.  Milledgeville,  727  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side 
of  Flint  r. 

Hopahka,  p-o.,  Leake  co.,  Miss.,  55  n.  e.  Jack- 
son, 955  W. 

Hope,  p-t.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  36  e.  s.  e.  Augusta, 
623  W.  Incorporated  in  1834.  Watered  by  St. 
George's  r.  The  soil  is  fertile.  It  has  10  stores, 
cap.  $10,800 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m., 
6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,533.  11  sch.  776 
scholars.     Pop.  1,770. 

Hope,  p-t.,  Hamilton  co.,  N.  Y.,  58  n.  w.  Al- 
bany, 427  W.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil  in- 
different, except  on  Sacandaga  r.,  which  waters 
it.  It  has  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $2,740.  4 
sch.  267  scholars.     Pop.  711. 

Hope,  p-t.,  Warren  co.,  N.  J.,  66  n.  by  w.  Tren- 
ton, 221  W.  The  v.  is  situated  on  a  branch  of 
Beaver  brook,  and  contains  1  Episcopal  and  1 
Methodist  church,  6  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m., 
and  30  or  40  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  2 
tanneries.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,150.  6  sch.  311 
scholars.     Pop.  1,690. 

Hope,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  O.,  24  n.  Columbus, 
395  W. 

Hope,  p-o.,  Pickens  co.,  Ala.,  53  w.  Tusca- 
loosa, 873  W. 

Hope,  p-o.,  Bartholomew  co.,  la.,  55  s.  s.  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 575  W. 

Hope  Centre,  p-o.,  Hope  t.,  Hamilton  co., 
N.  Y.,  63  N.  w.  Albany,  432  W. 
Hope  Farm,  p-o.,  Louisa  co.,  Iowa. 
Hope  Mills,  p-o.,  Page  co.,  Va.,  134  n.  w. 
Richmond,  100  W. 

Hope  Valley,  p-o.,  Tolland  co.,  Ct.,  27  e. 
Hartford,  345  W. 

Hopewell,  p-t.,  Ontario  co.,  N.  Y.,  187  w. 
Albany,  349  W.  The  surface  is  rolling;  soil, 
clay  loam.  Drained  by  the  outlet  of  Canandaigua 
lake  and  its  tributaries.  It  has  1  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m., 
6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $68,550.  14  sch.  678 
scholars.    Pop.  1,976. 

Hopewell,  p-t.,  Mercer  co.,  N.  J.,  17  n.  Tren- 
ton, 183  W.  It  has  11  stores,  cap.  $26,900;  1 
fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  5  grist  m.,  5 
saw  m.,  2  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $33,800.  8 
sch.  307  scholars.     Pop.  3,205. 

Hopewell,  t.,  Cumberland  co.,  N.  J.  The 
surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  clay  loam.  Cohansey  cr. 
bounds  it  on  the  e.  and  s.  Drained  by  Mount'a 
and  Mill  creeks,  tributaries  of  the  Cohansey  cr. 
It  contains  1  Seventh-day  Baptist  and  1  Method- 
ist church.  There  are  in  the  t.  5  stores,  cap. 
$21,500  ;  2  tanneries,  1  forge,  1  distillery,  1  flour- 


It  contains  I  ing  m.,  2  grist  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $25,150.     12 
I  sch.  973  scholars.    Pop.  2,220. 


HOP 


283 


IK  Hi 


Hopewell,  p-t.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  13  b.  \y. 
Huntingdon  b.  The  surface  is  mountainous  ;  soil, 
in  the  valleys,  calcareous  loam.  It  has  9  stores, 
cap.  $10,000;  1  forge,  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  3 
saw  in.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,250.  1  sell.  25 
scholars.     Pop.  1,23$. 

Hopewell,  p-t.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $6,600;  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1 
flooring  m.,  6  grist  in.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
lar.  |23,700.     3  seh.  104  scholars.     Pop.  1,603. 

Hopewell,  t.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  14  s.  e.  York  b. 
The  surface  is  undulating;  soil,  a  fertile  loam. 
Drained  by  head  branches  of  Deer  cr.,  wliich 
flows  into  Maryland.  It  has  10  stores,  capital 
$10,550 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries, 
9  distilleries,  10  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $25,229.  11  sch.  330  scholars.  Pop. 
1,905. 

Hopewell,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  12  n.  w. 
Washington  b.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  loam. 
Drained  by  Buffalo  and  Cross  creeks,  and  Brushy 
run.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $5,000 ;  1  tannery,  4 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,880.  11 
sch.  330  scholars.     Pop.  1,596. 

Hopewell,  p-t.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  15  n.  e. 
Bedford  b.,  104  w.  Harrisburg,  130  W.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous  ;  soil,  in  the  valleys,  calca- 
reous loam.  Drained  by  Raystown  branch  of 
Juniata  r.  and  its  tributaries.  Bituminous  coal  is 
found  in  abundance.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $2,000; 
1  furnace,  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,950.  2  sch.  70  scholars. 
Pop.  1,213. 

Hopewell,  t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  21  w. 
Carlisle.  The  surface  is  hilly;  soil,  slate.  It 
has  2  stores,  cap.  $10,000 ;  3  tanneries,  3  distille- 
ries, 1  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$21,950.    5  sch.  210  scholars.     Pop.  1,036. 

Hopewell,  p-v.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.  C,  170 
w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  410  W. 

Hopewell,  p-v.,  York  dist.,  S.  C,  92  n.  Co- 
lumbia, 443  W. 

Hopewell,  p-o.,  Crawford  co.,  Ga.,  60  s.  w. 
Milledgeville,  716  W. 

Hopewell,  p-t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.,  46  e. 
Columbus,  347  W.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the 
national  road,  and  contains  1  church,  4  stores, 
and  25  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.,  4 
churches,  11  sch.  414  scholars.    Pop.  1,806. 

Hopewell,  t.,  Licking  co.,  O.  Situated  on 
the  national  road,  a  few  miles  e.  of  Hebron. 
Pop.  1,150. 

Hopewell,  t.,  Perry  co.,  O.  Watered  by 
Jonathan's  creek.  It  has  1  tannery,  1  distillery, 
3  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$8,160.    7  sch.  250  scholars.     Pop.  1,544. 

Hopewell,  t.,  Seneca  co.,  O.  Situated  on 
the  w.  side  of  Sandusky  r.  It  has  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $355.  6  sch.  200  scholars. 
Pop.  913. 

Hopewell,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Ala.,  53  s.  w. 
Tuscaloosa,  871  W. 

Hopewell  Cotton  Works,  p-o.,  Chester 
co.,  Pa.,  67  e.  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  96  W. 

Hopkins,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  750  sq.  ms.  Green 
r.  runs  on  its  n.  e.,  Pond  r.  on  its  e.,  and  Trade- 
water  cr.  on  its  w.  border.  Watered  by  Otter, 
Flat,  Drake's,  Crary,  Clear,  and  Deer  creeks. 
Capital,  Madisonville.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  9,984,  sheep  8,992,  swine  32,552 ; 
wheat  41,595  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  424,595, 
oats  58,452,  potatoes  10,923,  tobacco  1,716,555 
pounds,  cotton  47,536,  sugar  5,019 ;  7  stores,  cap. 
$24,900 ;  1  woollen  fac,  5  tanneries,  2  distilleries, 
1  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $16,880.    89   scholars  in    schools.    Pop. 


whites  7,417,  slaves  1,723,  free  col'd  31 ;  total, 
9,171. 

Hopkinsvu.i.k,  p-t,  Hamilton  t.,  Warren  co., 
O.,  96  w.  s.  w.  Columbus,  460  W.  It  contains  1 
church,  3  stores,  and  about  150  inhabitants. 

Hopkinsvillk,  p-v.,  capital  of  Christian  co., 
Ky.,  204  s.  w.  Frankfort,  731  W.  Situated  on 
the  k.  side  of  Little  r.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
a  bank,  6  churches — I  Baptist,  1  Episcopal,  1 
Methodist,  1  Presbyterian,  1  Cumberland  Presby- 
terian, and  1  Reformed,  or  Campbellite  church — 
3  academies,  216  students,  13  stores,  1,581  in- 
habitants. 

Hopkinsvillk,  p-v.,  Chatooga  co.,  Ga.,  192  n. 
w.  Milledgeville,  655  W.  Situated  on  the  e. 
side  of  Little  r. 

Hopkinsville,  v.,  capital  of  Adair  co.,  Mo. 
Situated  6  ms.  e.  of  the  Grand  Chariton  r. 

Hopkinton,  p-t.,  Merrimac  co.,  N.  H.,  7  w. 
Concord,  475  W.  Watered  by  Contoocook  r. 
and  its  branches,  Warner  and  Blackwater  rivers, 
all  tributaries  of  the  Merrimac.  The  land  on  the 
streams  is  fertile.  The  principal  v.,  7  w.  Con- 
cord, contains  the  county  jail.  In  the  w.  part  of 
the  t.,  Contoocook  r.  affords  water  power,  where 
is  a  v.  with  several  mills.  Chartered  in  1735. 
It  has  8  stores,  cap.  $19,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tan- 
nery, 4  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$21,300.  1  acad.  104  students,  19  sch.  927 
scholars.     Pop.  2,455. 

Hopkinton,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  29  w. 
s.  w.  Boston,  416  W.  Watered  by  branches  of 
Charles  and  Mill  rivers,  which  afford  water 
power.  Incorporated  in  1715.  The  Boston  and 
Worcester  railroad,  and  the  Blackstone  canal, 
run  near  it.  It  contains  a  mineral  spring  of  some 
celebrity.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $15,100 ;  3  cotton 
fac.  3,952  sp.,  1  tannery,  4  grist  m.,  5  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $127,400.  11  sch.  500  scholars. 
Pop.  2,245. 

Hopkinton,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  R.  I.  In- 
corporated in  1757.  Watered  by  Wood  r.,  which 
affords  valuable  water  power,  and  it  has  cotton, 
woollen  and  iron  manufactures.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile, adapted  to  grain  and  to  grazing.  Pawcatuck 
r.  runs  on  its  s.  border,  and  affords  fisheries  of 
shad  and  alewives.  Hopkinton  city  is  a  flour- 
ishing v.  in  the  s.  part  of  the  t.,  situated  on  a 
branch  of  Charles  r.  There  are  in  the  t.,  6 
stores,  cap.  $7,600  ;  1  woollen  fac,  5  cotton  fac 
4,300  sp.,  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $76,750.  11  sch.  517  scholars.  Pop. 
1,726. 

Hopkinton,  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.  Y.,  215 
n.  n.  w.  Albany,  512  W.  The  surface  on  the  s. 
is  hilly  and  sterile  ;  on  the  n.  level  and  fertile. 
Watered  by  Racket  and  St.  Regis  rivers.  The 
v.  contains  2  churches,  3  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.,  and  25  or  30  dwellings.  There  are  in 
the  t.,  4  stores,  cap.  $12,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tan- 
neries, 2  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$18,950.    24  sch.  366  scholars.    Pop.  1,147. 

Hopper's  Cave,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  la.,  84  s.  w. 
Indianapolis,  647  W. 

Hopper's  Mills,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  111.,  116  n. 
w.  Springfield,  862  W. 

Hopper's  Tan  Yard,  p-o.,  Todd  co.,  Ky.,  197 
s.  w.  Frankfort,  721  W. 

Horace,  p-o.,  Hamptonburgh  t.,  Orange  co., 
N.  Y.,  101  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  28<J  W. 

Horicon,  p-t.,  Warren  co.,  N.  Y.,  90  s.  Alba- 
ny. The  surface  is  hilly  and  mountainous, 
mostly  a  wilderness.  It  contains  several  small 
lakes,  the  principal  of  wliich  are  Brant  lake,  and 
Schroon  lake  in  the  n.  part.  Hudson  r.  bounds 
it  on  the  w.  It  has  1  grist  ra.,  8  saw  m.,  5  sch. 
244  scholars.    Pop.  659. 


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284 


HOU 


Hornbeck's,  p-o.,  Pike  co.,  Pa.,  151  n.  e.  Har- 
risburg,  245  W. 

Hornbrook,  p-o.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  141  n. 
Harrisburg,  251  W. 

Hornby,  p-t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  205  w.  by  s. 
Albany,  294  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil  fer- 
tile, adapted  to  grazing.  Drained  by  Mead's  cr. 
It  has  1  fulling  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$2,150.     10  sch.  334  scholars.     Pop.  1,043. 

Hornellsville,  p-t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  241 
w.  by  s.  Albany,  316  W.  The  soil  is  uneven 
and  broken,  but  mostly  arable.  Drained  by 
Canisteo  r.  The  v.  is  situated  on  Canisteo  r., 
and  contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist 
church,  6  stores,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1  tannery, 
80  dwellings,  and  about  500  inhabitants.  The  t. 
has  2  stores,  cap.  $1,200;  1  grist  m.,  19  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $19,200.  18  sch.  699  scholars. 
Pop.  2,121. 

Hornsby's,  p-o.,  De  Kalb  co.,  Ga.,  90  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  694  W. 

Horntown,  p-v.,  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  219  e. 
Richmond,  171  W. 

Horn  Island,  a  low  sandy  island  in  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  off  the  mouth  of  Pascagoula  r. 

Horry,  dist.,  S.  C.  Situated  in  the  extreme 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,000  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  sandy  and  marshy. 
Little  Pedee  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border.  Watered 
by  Waccamaw  r.,  a  branch  of  the  Great  Pedee 
r.  It  produces  cotton  and  rice.  Capital,  Con- 
waysboro.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
13,182,  sheep  4,857,  swine  22,196  ;  wheat  1,720 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  81,641,  potatoes  50,676, 
rice  79,769  pounds,  tobacco  4,6 13,  cotton  10,780 ; 
6  stores,  cap.  $36,963  ;  6  distilleries,  51  grist  m., 
12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $46,815.  6  sch. 
101  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,154,  slaves  1,574, 
free  col'd  27  ;  total,  5,755. 
Horse  Creek,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Tenn. 
Horsham,  p-t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  118  e. 
Harrisburg,  154  W.  The  surface  is  levei  ;  soil, 
calcareous  loam.  Watered  by  a  branch  of  Ne- 
shaminy  and  by  Pennypack  creeks.  Inhabited 
chiefly  by  Friends,  who  have  a  church  in  the  s. 
E.  part  of  the  t.  The  principal  v.,  called  Hor- 
sham square,  at  the  centre,  contains  1  Friends 
church,  a  library,  1  store,  and  about  half  a  dozen 
dwellings.  There  are  in  the  town,  3  stores, 
capital  $4,500  ;  4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Population, 
1,182. 

Horsehead,  p-o.,  Prince  George  co.,  Md.,  45 
s.  w.  Annapolis,  39  W. 

Horsehead,  p-o.,  Johnson  co.,  Ark.,  109  n.  w. 
Little  Rock,  1,174  W. 

Horsepasture,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,  Va.,  205  w.  s. 
w.  Richmond,  280  W. 

Horse  Prairie,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  111. 
Horse  Race,  N.  Y.,  a  name  given  to  the  Hud- 
son r.,  just  before  it  leaves  the  Highlands,  where 
it  has  a  sudden  turn  to  the  e.  for  1  m.,  when  it 
resumes  its  s.  course. 

Horse  Shoe,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  193 
w.  Harrisburg,  220  W. 

Horse  Shoe,  p-o.,  Pickens  dist.,  S.  C,  164  w. 
N.  w.  Columbia,  566  W. 

Horse  Shoe  Bend,  p-o.,  Tallapoosa  co.,  Ala., 
166  e.  s.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  784  W. 

Horse  Shoe  Bottom,  p-o.,  Russell  co.,  Ky 
103  s.  Frankfort,  617  W.     Situated  on  the  s.  side 
of  Cumberland  r. 

Horseys  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Sussex  co..  Del 
43  s.  Dover,  110  W. 

Horse  well,  p-o.,  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  115  s.  w 
Frankfort,  638  W. 

Hoskinsville,  p-v.,  Brookfield  t.,  Morgan  co., 
O.,  90  e.  by  s.  Columbus,  318  W.      Surrounded 


by  a  fertile  country,  where  large  quantities  of 
wool  are  produced. 

Hotel,  p-o.,  Bertie  co.,  N.  C,  141  E.  Nash- 
ville, 244  W. 

Hot  Springs,  county,  Ark.  Situated  in  the 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  2,540  sq.  ras. 
Drained  by  Wachita  r.  and  it  branches.  The 
surface  is  hilly  and  broken.  Capital,  Hot 
Springs.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,193, 
sheep  415,  swine  7,574;  wheat  1,076  bushels 
produced,  Ind.  corn  82,724,  oats  5,356,  potatoes 
4,195,  tobacco  3,103  pounds,  cotton  2,632;  6 
stores,  cap.  $2,950 ;  8  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  3  sch. 
60  scholars.  Pop.  whites  1,655,  slaves  249,  free 
col'd  3 ;  total,  1,907. 

Hot  Springs,  p-v.,  Bath  co.,  Va.,  169  w.  N. 
w.  Richmond.  Here  are  remarkable  springs, 
with  a  temperature  of  from  103  to  106  Fahrenheit, 
charged  with  various  mineral  ingredients,  very 
efficacious  in  rheumatic  and  various  other  com- 
plaints ;  a  hotel  for  the  accommodation  of  visiters, 
and  extensive  baths  for  ladies  and  gentlemen. 
Near  the  hotel  are  a  hot  and  a  cold  spring,  issu- 
ing so  near  each  other,  that  both  can  be  reached 
at  the  same  time,  by  the  thumb  and  finger  of  the 
same  hand.  The  country  around  is  wild  and 
picturesque. 

Hot  Springs,  p-v.,  capital  of  Hot  Springs  co., 
Ark.,  53  w.  by  s.  Little  Rock,  1,118  W.  Situ- 
ated 6  ms.  n.  of  the  Wachita  river.  It  contains 
a  court  house,  20  dwellings,  and  about  100  in- 
habitants. Here  are  about  50  springs,  all  hot, 
breaking  out  from  the  w.  side  of  a  mountain,  and 
flowing  into  a  small  creek,  the  course  of  which 
is  from  n.  to  s.,  and  empties  into  the  Wachita  r., 
6  miles  from  the  springs.  The  temperature  of 
the  springs  is  not  all  the  same,  but  varies  from 
110  to  150  degrees  of  Fahrenheit.  The  Chaly- 
beate Springs  are  cold,  and  are  much  frequent- 
ed by  invalids  ;  situated  3  miles  n.  e.  of  the 
Hot  Springs.  There  are  also  Sulphur  Springs 
in  the  co.,  30  ms.  n.  w.  from  Hot  Springs. 

Houghtonsville,  p-o.,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  109 
s.  Montpelier,  457  W. 

Houlton,  p-t.,  capital  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me., 
120  n.  n.  e.  Bangor,  196  n.  e.  Augusta,  791  W. 
It  borders  New  Brunswick  on  the  e.  Stages 
run  on  a  excellent  road,  3  times  a  week,  to  Ban- 
gor. Watered  by  Meduxnekeag  r.,  a  branch  of 
the  St.  Johns  r.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to 
wheat.  A  garrison  is  located  1  m.  n.  of  the  v. 
There  are  in  the  t.,  9  stores,  cap.  $9,950  ;  2  lum- 
ber yards,  cap.  $20,000 ;  2  tanneries,  1  flouring 
m.,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac. 
$7,900.    4  sch.  144  scholars.     Pop.  1,597. 

Houma,  p-v.,  capital  of  Terre  Bonne  parish, 
La.,  132  s.  w.  New  Orleans,  1,294  W.  Situated 
on  the  w.  side  of  Bayou  Terrebonne.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house  and  several  dwellings. 

Houndsfield,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  N.  Y.,  6  w.  Wa- 
tertown.  The  surface  is  level  ;  soil,  sandy 
loam  and  clay.  Watered  by  Black  r.  and  Black 
r.  bay  on  the  n.,  and  by  Hungry  bay  of  Lake 
Ontario  on  the  w.  It  contains  the  v.  of  Sackett's 
Harbor,  a  place  celebrated  as  a  naval  station  iu 
the  last  war.  It  has  18  stores,  cap.  $24,300 ;  2 
fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  printing 
office,  2  weekly  papers,  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m., 
6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $39,800.  14  sch. 
418  scholars.     Pop.  4,146. 

House  Creek,  p-o.,  Irwin  co.,  Ga.,  104  s. 
Milledgeville,  751  W. 

House's  Springs,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Mo.,  125 
e.  Jefferson  city,  838  W. 

Houseville,  p-o.,  Turin  t.,  Lewis  co.,  N.  Y., 
130  n.  w.  Albany,  429  W. 

Houston,  county,  Ga.    Situated  a  little  s.  w. 


HOW 


285 


HUD 


of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  510  sq. 
miles.  Ocmalgee  river  runs  on  its  B.  border,  and 
Flint  r.  on  its  w.,  by  branches  ofwhteh  It  is  wa- 
tered. Capital,  Perry.  It  has  446  students  in 
academies.  Pop.  1830,  7,360;  1840,  whiles 
4,801,  slaves  4,845,  free  col'd  5;  total,  0,711. 

Houston,  t.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  120. 

Houston,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  211  w.  Har- 
risburg,  237  W. 

Houston,  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,  O.,  82  w.  n.  w. 
Columbus,  476  W. 

Houston,  p-v.,  Wayne  co.,  Tenn.,  Ill  s.  w. 
Nashville,  788  W. 

Houston,  p-o.,  Heard  co.,  Ga. 

Houston,  p-o.,  Marion  co.,  Mo. 

Houston,  p-v.,  capital  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Miss., 
145  n.  e.  Jackson,  010  W.  Situated  on  the  head 
waters  of  Oktibbeha  cr.,  and  contains  a  court 
house  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Houston,  p-o.,  Adams  co.,  111.,  100  w.  Spring- 
field, 877  W. 

Houston's  Store,  p-o.,  Rowan  co.,  N.  C,  133 
w.  Raleigh,  370  W. 

Houston's  Store,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.  Ala.,  117 
N.  n.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  754  W. 

Houstonville,  p-v.,  Iredell  co.,  N.  C,  154  w. 
Raleigh,  365  W. 

Howard,  county,  Mo.  Situated  a  little  N.  w. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  bounded  s.  and  w.  by 
Missouri  river.  Watered  by  Great  Manitou  and 
Bonne  Femme  rivers,  and  Salt  cr.,  tributaries  of 
the  Missouri.  Capital,  Fayette.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,047,  sheep  11,371,  swine 
20,502 ;  wheat  33,040  bushels  produced,  Indian 
corn  561,705,  oats  62,870,  potatoes  12,354,  tobac- 
co 08,101  pounds;  17  stores,  cap.  $105,465;  7 
tanneries,  5  distilleries,  10  flouring  m.,  20  grist  m., 
6  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $46,280.  1  acad. 
22  students,  22  sch.  657  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
9,381,  slaves  3,683,  free  col'd  44  ;  total,  13,108. 

Howard's  Gore,  Oxford  co.,  Me.  It  has  3 
sch.  47  scholars.    Pop.  131. 

Howard,  p-t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y\,  231  w.  Al- 
bany, 311 W.  The  surface  is  undulating;  soil, 
a  fertile  clay  loam.  Drained  by  branches  of 
Canisteo  cr.  and  Conhocton  r.  The  v.  contains 
1  Methodist  church,  a  high  school,  3  stores,  40 
dwellings,  and  250  inhabitants.  The  t.  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $10,300 ;  2  fulling  m.,  3  grist  m.,  7 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,450.  28  sch.  1,190 
scholars.    Pop.  3,247. 

Howard,  p-t.,  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  97  n.  w.  Harris- 
burg,  180  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  the 
main  ridge  of  the  Alleghany  passing  through  it. 
Drained  by  Bald  Eagle  cr.  and  its  tributaries,  and 
Marsh  and  Beach  cr.  The  soil,  in  the  valleys,  is 
a  calcareous  loam.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $6,000 ;  1 
furnace,  1  tannery,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$1,500.     6  sch.  250  scholars.     Pop.  1,400. 

Howard,  t.,  Knox  co.,  O.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Watered  by  Vernon  and  Jelloway  rivers.  It  has 
6  sch.  333  scholars.    Pop.  999. 

Howard,  t.,  Cass  co.,  Mich.  Watered  by 
Putnam's  cr.  and  another  branch  of  Dowagiake 
r.  It  has  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $250.  2 
sch.  60  scholars.     Pop.  370. 

Howard's  Point,  p-o.,  Fayette  co.,  111.  94  s. 
S.  Springfield,  728  W. 

Howard's  Valley,  p-o.,  Windham  co.,  Ct., 
38  E.  by  n.  Hartford,  365  W. 

Howardsville,  p-o.,  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  85 
w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  151  W. 

Howardsville,  p-o.,  Davies  co.,  Ky. 

Howell,  t.,  Monmouth  county,  N.  J.  The 
surface  is  level;  soil,  sand,  sandy  loam,  and 
clay.    Drained  by  Shark,  Manasquan,  and  Met- 


tecunk  rivers,  which  How  i:.  to  the  Atlantic. 
It  contains  16  stores,  cap.  $23,600 ;  2  tanneries, 
10  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.,  4  furnace*.  <  !ap.  in  manu- 
fac. s5,000.     15sch.475sclml;lrs.     Pop.    1/ 

Howell,  p-o.,  Logan  co.,  O.,  81  N.  w.  Colum- 
bus, 453  W. 

Howell,  p-v.,  Howell  t.,  capital  of  Livings- 
ton co,  Mich.,  51  w.  by  n.  Detroit,  551  W.  It 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  an  academy,  1  store, 
1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  50  or  60  dwellings. 
There  are  in  the  t.,  2  stores,  cap.  $5,000 ;  1  flour- 
ing m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,000.  3 
sch.  78  scholars.    Pop.  321. 

Howell,  p-v.,  Cobb  co.,  Ga.,  112  n.  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  639  W. 

Howell's  Springs,  p-o.,  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  90 
s.  w.  Frankfort,  632  W. 

Howellsville,  p-v.,  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  90 
E.  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  124  W. 

Howellsville,  p-v.,  Warren  co.,  Va.,  146 
n.  n.  w.  Richmond,  77  W.  Situated  on  the 
Shenandoah  river,  and  contans  a  church,  free  to 
all  denominations,  1  store,  2  flouring  m.,  8  or  10 
dwellings,  and  about  50  inhabitants.  The  river 
is  navigable,  for  boats,  150  miles  above  this  place. 

Howell  Woiiks,  p-o.,  Monmouth  co.,  N.  J., 
47  e.  s.  e.  Trenton,  213  W.  Situated  on  Man- 
asquan r.,  and  contains  a  store,  extensive  iron 
works,  and  50  or  60  dwellings. 

Howland,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  106  n.  n. 
e.  Augusta,  701  W.  Watered  by  Piscataquis  r. 
Incorporated  in  1826.  The  soil  is  fertile.  It  has 
5  saw  m.,  5  sch.  151  scholars.     Pop.  322. 

Howlet  Hill,  p-o.,  Onondaga  t.,  Onondaga 
co.,  N.  Y. 

Hoylesville,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.  C,  186  w. 
by  s.  Raleigh,  423  W. 

Hoysburg,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Md. 

Hoysville,  p-v.,  Loudon  co.,  Va.,  166  n. 
Richmond,  43  W.  Situated  near  Kittoctan  cr.,  2 
miles  s.  of  the  Potomac.  It  contains  several 
flouring  mills. 

Hubbard,  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  183  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 206  W.  A  flourishing  t.,  situated  on 
the  Pennsylvania  line,  18  s.  E.  of  Warren.  It  has 
8  sch.  400  scholars.     Pop.  1,242. 

Hubbard's,  p-o.,  Benton  co.,  Ark.,  190  n.  w. 
Little  Rock,  1,171  W. 

Hubbardston,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  54 
w.  by  n.  Boston,  412  W.  Incorporated  in  1767. 
Watered  by  branches  of  Ware  r.,  which  afford 
water  power.  The  v.  contains  1  Congregational 
and  1  Unitarian  church,  and  about  50  dwellings. 
The  town  has  4  stores,  cap.  $9,000 ;  1  tannery,  4 
grist  m.,  17  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,375. 
12  sch.  575  scholars.     Pop.  1,784. 

Hubbardton,  p-t.,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  81  s.  s.  w. 
Montpelier,  4.%'  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  and 
rough,  and  in  some  parts  mountainous.  Watered 
by  Hubbardton  r.,  which  flows  into  Lake  Cham- 
plain.  It  has  2  fulling  m.,  1  flouring  m.,  2  grist 
m.,  4  saw  m.    Pop.  719. 

Huberta,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Ala. 

Hublersburg,  p-v.,  Walker  t,  Centre  co.,  Pa., 
88  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  180  W.  A  small  v.  contain- 
ing 6  or  8  dwellings. 

Huddleston's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Wilson  co., 
Tenn.,  22  e.  Nashville,  659  W. 

Hudgion's,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Ark.,  63  s.  E. 
Little  Rock,  1,128  W. 

Hudson,  a  river  of  the  state  of  New  York, 
though  less  in  its  length  and  in  the  amount  of 
water  which  it  discharges  than  many  others, 
is  one  of  the  most  important  in  the  United  States. 
The  Hudson,  proper,  rises  by  two  branches  in 
the  mountainous  regions  of  Hamilton  and  Es- 
sex counties.    The  eastern  branch  from  the  N. 


HUD 


286 


HUD 


passes  through  Schroon  lake,  and  is  sometimes 
called  Schroon  branch ;  and  the  western  has  a 
circuitous  course  from  the  n.  w.,  and  is  consider- 
ed as  the  main  branch,  or  Hudson.  About  40 
miles  from  the  source  of  each,  they  unite  in  War- 
ren co.  After  a  course  of  15  miles  s.  the  Hudson 
receives  the  Sacandaga,  on  the  line  between 
Montgomery  and  Saratoga  counties.  The  Sacan- 
daga rises  in  Hamilton  co.,  and  first  runs  s.  e., 
and  then  N.  w.  and  w.,  to  its  junction  below  Jes- 
sup's  falls.  The  Hudson  then  runs  to  the  east 
of  s.  15  miles  to  Hadley  falls ;  it  then  turns  to  the 
N.  K.  20  miles  to  Glen's  falls.  Its  direction  is  then 
nearly  s.  to  its  entrance  into  New  York  bay.  40 
miles  below  Glen's  falls  it  receives  from  the  w. 
the  Mohawk,  its  greatest  tributary.  From  the 
junction  of  the  Mohawk  to  its  mouth,  is  about 
170  miles.  The  whole  length  of  the  Hudson, 
from  its  source  to  its  entrance  into  New  York 
bay,  is  a  little  over  300  miles.  So  straight  is  this 
river  between  Albany  and  New  York,  that  the 
distance  is  less  by  water  than  by  land.  The  tide 
flows  to  a  little  above  Albany.  It  is  navigable 
for  the  largest  ships  118  miles,  to  Hudson,  and 
for  sloops  and  large  steamboats  145  miles  above 
New  York,  to  Albany.  Small  sloops  also  pro- 
ceed to  Troy,  and  through  the  dam  and  lock  to 
Waterford,  about  8  miles  farther.  Through  a 
considerable  part  of  its  course  the  banks  are  ele- 
vated, and  in  some  parts  high,  rocky,  and  precip- 
itous; particularly  in  its  passage  through  the 
Highlands,  53  miles  above  the  city  of  New  York. 
The  scenery  on  the  banks  of  the  Hudson  is  high- 
ly picturesque.  The  city  of  New  York  owes 
much  of  its  prosperity,  and  its  pre-eminent  ad- 
vantages, to  this  noble  river,  connected  as  it  is 
with  the  Erie  and  the  Champlain  canals.  By  no 
other  route  can  an  equally  favorable  water  com- 
munication be  had  with  the  great  West.  There 
are  many  large  and  flourishing  towns  on  the  Hud- 
son. The  principal  on  the  e.  side  are  Troy,  Hud- 
son, and  Poughkeepsie  ;  and  on  the  w.  side  Al- 
bany, Cattskill,  and  Newburgh;  besides  many 
others  on  both  sides.  Its  waters  were  the  thea- 
tre of  the  first  successful  attempt  to  apply  steam 
to  the  propelling  of  vessels  by  Fulton  and  Liv- 
ingston in  1808. 

Hudson,  county,  N.  J.  Situated  toward  the 
N.  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  75  sq.  ms. 
Hudson  r.  bounds  it  on  the  E.,  and  the  Passaic  on 
the  w.  Drained  by  Hackensack  river.  Capital, 
North  Bergen.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
2,951,  sheep  824,  swine  1,731 ;  wheat  2,360  bush, 
produced,  rye  5,335,  Ind.  corn  10,875,  buckwheat 
3,508,  oats  9,141,  potatoes  14,478;  23  stores,  cap. 
$27,000 ;  1  furnace,  1  glass  fac,  2  potteries,  1  saw 
m.,  2  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  2  weekly  news- 
papers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $411,850.  29  sch. 
1,136  scholars.    Pop.  9,483. 

Hudson,  p-t.,  Hillsboro'  co.,  N.  H.,  68  s.  by  e. 
Concord,  263  W.  Incorporated  in  1746.  The 
surface  is  level  and  fertile  on  the  streams,  but 
otherwise,  hilly  and  broken.  Merrimac  r.  flows 
on  its  w.  border,  across  which  is  a  bridge  to  Dun- 
stable. It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $2,600 ;  1  fulling  m., 
1  woollen  fac,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $3,625.  10  sch.  341  scholars.  Pop.  1,148. 
Hudson,  city,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of  Co- 
lumbia co.,  N.  Y.,  is  situated  on  the  e.  side  of 
Hudson  r.,  at  the  head  of  ship  navigation,  116  n 
New  York,  29  s.  Albany,  335  W.,  in  42?  14'  n 
lat.,  73°  46'  w.  Ion.  Pop.  1820,  2,900;  1830, 
5,392 ;  1840,  5,672.  Its  front  consists  of  a  bold 
promontory,  rising  60  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
river,  which  has  been  formed  into  a  pleasant 
promenade,  commanding  a  fine  view  of  the  river 
and  of  the  surrounding  country.    On  either  side 


of  this  promontory  is  a  spacious  bay,  with  a  suf- 
ficient depth  of  water  for  the  largest  vessels. 
The  city  is  regularly  laid  out,  with  streets  cross- 
ing each  other  at  right  angles  ;  with  the  exception 
of  two  streets  near  the  river,  which  follow  the 
direction  of  the  shore.  The  main  street  extends 
s.  e.  more  than  a  mile  to  Prospect  hill,  200  feet 
high,  to  which  the  ground  gradually  rises.  On 
the  n.  side  of  this  street,  toward  its  upper  end,  is 
a  public  square.  There  is  another  square  in  the 
s.  part  of  the  city,  on  which  the  court  house  is 
situated.  It  is  116  feet  long,  the  central  part  40 
by  60  feet,  and  60  feet  high,  surmounted  by  a 
dome,  and  entered  by  a  portico  of  6  Ionic  col- 
umns. The  wings  are  34  feet  front  and  40  feet 
deep,  and  2  stories  high.  There  are  8  churches— 
1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  1  Method- 
ist, 2  Friends,  2  Universalist— the  Hudson  Acad- 
emy, Hudson  Female  Seminary,  the  Franklin 
Literary  Association,  with  a  respectable  library 
and  philosophical  apparatus,  the  Hudson  Lunatic 
Asylum,  and  a  number  of  select  schools.  The 
city  is  supplied  with  pure  water,  brought  2  miles 
in  iron  pipes  from  a  spring  at  the  foot  of  Becraft's 
mountain.  This  city  was  formerly  much  engaged 
in  the  West  India  trade,  which  has,  latterly,  chief- 
ly given  place  to  the  whale  fishery.  It  has  7  or 
8  whale  ships,  4  steamboats,  with  freight  barges, 
and  a  number  of  sloops.  A  steam  ferry-boat  plies 
between  this  city  and  Athens,  on  the  opposite  side 
of  the  river.  The  Hudson  and  Berkshire  Rail- 
road connects  this  city  with  West  Stockbridge, 
Mass.,  and  thence  with  Boston.  Several  streams 
in  the  immediate  vicinity  afford  considerable  wa- 
ter power,  which  is  improved  in  manufacturing. 
There  were  in  1840,  116  stores,  cap.  $410,450;  4 
lumber  yards,  cap.  $29,000  ;  cap.  employed  in  the 
fisheries,  $330,000 ;  1  furnace,  1  tannery,  1  distil- 
lery, 1  brewery,  3  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  2 
weekly  newspapers,  2  periodicals.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $135,650.  2  acad.  80  students,  —  sch.  590 
scholars.  Hudson  was  settled  in  1784  by  emi- 
grants from  R.  Island  and  Massachusetts.  It  was 
incorporated  a  city  in  1785. 

Hudson,  p-t.,  Summit  co.,  O.,  137  n.  e.  Colum- 
bus, 335  W.  The  surface  is  level  or  rolling,  and 
the  soil  a  fertile  clay  loam,  adapted  to  grazing  and 
to  grain.  The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated  on  a  plain, 
from  which  the  ground  rises  to  the  n.  It  contains 
2  churches,  6  stores,  and  75  or  80  dwellings.  The 
Western  Reserve  college  is  located  here,  on  ele- 
vated ground  in  the  N.  e.  part  of  the  village,  and 
its  buildings  consist  of  2  spacious  college  edifices, 
an  elegant  chapel  3  stories  high,  containing  reci- 
tation rooms,  the  library  and  philosophical  hall, 
a  theological  college,  a  president's  house,  and  a 
neat  and  convenient  astronomical  observatory. 
The  grounds  around  the  colleges  are  extensive, 
and  ornamented  with  trees.  In  the  rear  is  a  large 
building,  devoted  to  manual  labor.  This  institu- 
tion was  founded  in  1826,  has  a  president  and  9 
professors,  or  other  instructors,  51  alumni,  of  whom 
13  have  been  ministers  of  the  gospel,  63  students, 
and  4,200  vols,  in  its  libraries.  It  has  an  elegant 
and  extensive  philosophical  apparatus.  The  com- 
mencement is  on  the  fourth  Wednesday  in  Au- 
gust. Its  funds  are  respectable,  and  its  prospects 
promising. 

Hudson,  p-t.,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  84  s.  w.  De. 
troit,  516  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain 
and  to  grazing.  The  v.  is  situated  on  Bean  or 
Tiffin  cr.,  which  affords  extensive  water  power  It 
has  1  store,  cap.  $500 ;  3  sch.  80  scholars.  Pop.  $d99. 
Hudson,  p-v.,  La  Porte  co.,  la.,  158  n.  Indian- 
apolis, 650  W.  t  n    . 

Hudson,  p-v.,  McLean  co.,  III.,  94  n.  e.  Spring- 
field, 754  W. 


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287 


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Ky.,l 


Hudsonville,  p-v.,   Breckenridge  co 
121  w.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  663  W. 

Hudsoxvili.k,  p-v.,  .Marshall  co.,  Miss.,  201  n. 
by  e.  Jackson,  885  W. 

Hughesville,  p-v.,  Muncy  Creek  t.,  Lyco- 
ming co.,  Pa.,  90  n.  Harrisburg,  200  W.  It  con- 
tains 2  stores,  2  mills,  and  30  or  40  dwellings. 

Hughesville,  p-o.,  Loudon  co.,  Va.,  149  n. 
Richmond,  40  W. 

Hughsonville,  v.,  Fishkill  t.,  Dutchess  co., 
N.  Y.  It  contains  1  church,  3  stores,  and  about 
30  dwellings. 

Huguenot,  p-o.,  Deer  Park  t.,  Orange  co.,  N. 
Y.,  113  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  268  W. 

Hulburton,  p-v.,  Murray  t.,  Orleans  co.,  N. 
Y.  Situated  on  the  Erie  canal,  and  contains  1 
church,  2  stores,  40  dwellings,  and  about  300  in- 
habitants. 

Hull,  t.,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  9  e.  s.  e.  Bos- 
ton, by  water.  Situated  on  a  peninsula  on  the 
s.  e.  side  of  Boston  harbor.  Incorporated  in  1644. 
It  has  a  beach  4  ras.  long.  The  v.  is  on  Nantasket 
Head.  Salt  is  manufactured  here.  It  has  1  store, 
1  sch.  42  scholars.     Pop.  231. 

Hull's  Corners,  p-o.,  Hannibal  t.,  Oswego 
co.,  N.  Y. 

Hull's  Mills,  p-o.,  Stanford  t.,  Dutchess  co., 
N.  Y.,  63  s.  Albany,  322  W. 

Hulmeville,  p-v.,  Middletown  t.,  Bucks  co., 
Pa.,  118  e.  Harrisburg,  160  W.  It  contains  2 
stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  and 
about  40  dwellings. 

Humansville,  p-o.,  Polk  co.,  Mo.,  147  s.  w. 
Jefferson  city,  1,083  W. 

Hume,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y.,  263  w.  by  s. 
Albany,  345  W.  The  surface  is  undulating: 
soil,  a  fertile  clay  loam.  Drained  by  Genesee  r. 
and  tributaries.     It  has  10  stores,  cap.  $26,000 ; 

1  furnace,  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  1 1 
saw  ml  Cap.  in  manufac.  $22,070.  11  sch.  437 
scholars.     Pop.  2,303. 

Hummelstown,  p-b.,  Derry  t.,  Dauphin  co., 
Pa.,  9  e.  Harrisburg,  1 19  \V.  It  contains  1  Lu- 
theran church,  4  stores,  and  about  160  dwellings. 
It  has  2  sch.  60  scholars.     Pop.  480. 

Humphrey,  t.,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.  Y.,  8  s.  e. 
Ellicottville,  300  w.  by  s.  Albany.  The  surface 
is  undulating;  soil,  adapted  to  grass.  Drained 
by  Five  Mile  run  and  Great  Valley  cr.    It  has 

2  saw  m.,  2  sch.  53  scholars.    Pop.  444. 
Humphrey's  Creek,  p-o.,  McCracken  co.,  Ky., 

310  w.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  842  W. 

Humphrey's  Store,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Tenn., 
195  e.  s.  e.  Nashville,  546  W. 

Humphrey's  Villa,  p-o.,  Holmes  co.,  O.,  72 
N.  E.  Columbus,  353  W. 

Humphreysville,  p-v.,  Derby  t.,  New  Haven 
co.,  Ct.,  51  s.  w.  Hartford,  305  W.  Situated  on 
Naugatuc  r.,  4  miles  from  its  entrance  into  the 
Housatonic,  at  Derby  landing.  It  contains  3 
churches — 1  Congregational,  1  Episcopal,  and  1 
Methodist — 4  stores,  1  large  cotton  fac,  100  feet 
long  and  4  stories  high,  and  about  60  dwellings. 

Humphreysville,  p-o.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  62  e. 
by  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  122  W. 

Humphreys,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  toward 
the  N.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  475  sq. 
ms.  Tennessee  r.  passes  through  the  middle  of 
the  co.  from  s.  to  n.  Capital,  Reynoldsburg. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,340,  sheep  6,034, 
swine  21,461 ;  wheat  18,290  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  269,003,  oats  36,631,  potatoes  4,408,  tobacco 
4,235  pounds,  cotton  9,143,  sugar  3,853;  8  stores, 
cap.  $38,600 ;  1  furnace,  4  tanneries,  2  distilleries 
3  flouring  m.,  15  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $6,338.  10  sch.  217  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
4,448,  slaves  739,  free  col'd  8 ;  total,  5,195. 


Huntkkdon,  county,  N.  J.  Shotted  in  tfio 
w.  part  of  the  state,  bounded  s.  w.  by  Delaware 
r.  The  surface  in  the  s.  part  is  level,  in  the  \. 
mountainous.  Soil,  generally  very  fertile.  Wa- 
tered on  the  e.  by  the  s.  branch  of  liar;  tan  r.  and 
its  tributaries  ;  on  the  w.  by  several  creeks  which 
flow  into  the  Delaware.  Capital,  Flemington. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  20,722,  sheep 
27,102,  swine  26,165;  wheat  76,332  bush,  prod., 
rye  190,169,  Ind.  com  347,276,  buckwheat  107,093, 
barley  1,332,  oats  490,650,  potatoes  121,569;  86 
stores,  cap.  $269,150 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
23  tanneries,  31  distilleries,  1  brewery,  2  potteries, 

I  rope  fac,  7  flouring  m.,  57  grist  m.,  60  saw  m., 

II  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $250,515.  86  sch.  2,587  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  24,789. 

Hunter,  p-t.,  Greene  co.,  N.  Y.,  18  w.  Cats- 
kill,  54  s.  w.  Albany,  356  W.  The  surface  is 
mountainous,  lying  on  the  principal  range  of 
Catskill  mountains,  and  containing  the  peak  call- 
ed Round  Top,  3,804  feet  above  the  Hudson. 
The  soil  is  sterile,  except  on  some  of  the  streams. 
Wood,  timber,  and  bark  for  the  tanneries,  are  ex- 
ported. Drained  by  head  branches  of  Schoharie 
creek.  The  v.  is  situated  on  Schoharie  kill,  and 
contains  2  churches,  3  stores,  1  cotton  fac,  1  grist 
m.,  5  saw  m.,  2  tanneries,  50  dwellings,  and  about 
300  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  4  stores,  cap. 
$4,600 ;  1  cotton  fac.  368  sp.,  5  tanneries,  16  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $66,500.  11  sch.  Ill  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  2,019. 

Huntersland,  p-o.,  Middleburg  t,  Schoharie 
co.,  N.  Y.,  34  w.  Albany,  377  W. 

Hunterstovvn,  p-v.,  Strabane  t.,  Adams  co., 
Pa.,  35  s.  w.  Harrisburg,  85  W.  It  contains  a 
Lutheran  church,  2  stores,  and  20  or  30  dwellings. 

Huntersville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Pocahontas 
co.,  Va.,  190  w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  235  W.  The 
situation  is  elevated  1,800  feet  above  the  Atlantic, 
on  Kapp's  cr.,  6  ms.  above  its  entrance  into  Green- 
brier r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  3  stores, 
25  dwellings,  and  130  inhabitants.  Near  the  v. 
are  2  sulphur  springs. 

Huntersville,  p-v.,  Hardin  co.,  O.,  81  N.  w. 
Columbus,  452  W. 

Hunting  Creek,  p-o.,  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  199 
E.  Richmond,  196  W. 

Huntingdon,  county,  Pa.  Situated  a  little 
s.  w.  of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains 
1,276  sq.  ms.  Watered  by  Juniata  r.  and  its 
tributary,  Raystown  branch.  Organized  in  1787. 
A  part  of  it  is  fertile  and  well  cultivated,  and  a 
part  mountainous  and  covered  with  timber.  Iron, 
m  abundance,  lead,  bituminous  coal,  salt,  and 
alum,  are  found.  The  Pennsylvania  canal  passes 
through  the  co.,  along  the  Juniata  r.  The  railroad 
across  the  Alleghany  mountains  commences  at 
Hollidaysburg,  in  the  w.  part  of  this  co.  Capi- 
tal, Huntingdon.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 24,747,  sheep  26,598,  swine  32,003;  wheat 
521,816  bush,  produced,  rye  175,457,  Ind.  corn 
345,795,  buckwheat  79,952,  barley  4,937,  oats 
548,959,  potatoes  141,046 ;  28  commission  houses, 
cap.  $144,600;  119  stores,  cap.  $581,600  ;  20  fur- 
naces, 27  forges,  6  fulling  m.,  9  woollen  fac,  34 
tanneries,  15  distilleries,  2  breweries,  7  potteries, 
4  printing  offices,  4  weekly  newspapers,  4  flour- 
ing m.,  65  grist  m.,  182  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac $331,427.  1  acad.  20  students,  104  sch.  1,432. 
scholars.    Pop.  35,484.  . 

Huntingdon,  p-b.,  capital  of  Huntingdon  co.. 
Pa.,  92  w.  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  151  W.  Situated 
on  the  w.  side  of  Frankstown  branch  of  Juniata 
r.,  at  its  entrance  into  the  latter,  50  ms.  from  its 
mouth.  It  contains  a  brick  court  house,  a  stone 
jail,  6  churches— 1  Presbyterian,  1  Dutch  Re- 


HUN 


283 


HUR 


formed,  1  Associate  Reformed,  1  Methodist,  1 
Roman  Catholic,  and  1  colored  Methodist — an 
academy,  13  stores,  cap.  $83,200;  2  tanneries,  2 
distilleries,  1  brewery,  1  pottery,  2  printing  of- 
fices, 2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$13,950.     5  sch.  187  scholars.     Pop.  1,145. 

Huntingdon,  t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.  It  has 
North  mountain  in  its  n.  part,  and  Knob  moun- 
tain on  its  s.  e.  part.  The  surface  is  rolling,  and 
the  soil  adapted  to  cultivation.  It  contains  the 
v.  of  New  Columbus  near  its  w.  border.     It  has 

7  stores,  cap.  $28,000 ;  1  fulling  m ,  3  tanneries, 
4  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $24,630. 

8  sch.  325  scholars.  Pop.  1,510. 
Huntingdon,  t.,  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  12  n.  e.  Get- 
tysburg. The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  calcareous 
loam  and  gravel.  Bermudian  cr.  runs  on  its  w. 
border.  It  has  2  churches,  5  ms.  apart,  in  its  w. 
part,  and  the  v.  of  Middleton  in  its  n.  vv.  part.  It 
contains  4  stores,  cap.  $36,500 ;  1  woollen  fac, 
2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $12,790.    8  sch.  295  scholars.    Pop.  1,481. 

Huntingdon,  p-v.,  capital  of  Carroll  co., 
Tenn.,  98  w.  Nashville,  783  W.  Situated  on  the 
s.  fork  of  Obion  r.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Hungtington,  county,  la.  Situated  toward 
the  n.  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  384  sq. 
ms.  Organized  in  1832.  The  surface  on  the 
rivers  is  level ;  back  of  them,  undulating.  Wa- 
tered by  Wabash  r.  and  its  tributaries,  Salmania 
and  Little  rivers.  The  Wabash  and  Erie  canal 
passes  through  the  co.  Capital,  Huntington. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  1,307,  sheep  529, 
swine  1,382 ;  wheat  6,427  bush,  produced,  Indian 
corn  46,702,  oats  9,435,  potatoes  6,589,  sugar  8,518 1 
11  stores,  cap.  $18,000;  4  grist  m.,  5  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,070.  1  sch.  15  scholars. 
Pop.  1,579. 

Huntington,  t.,  Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  20  w. 
Montpelier,  15  s.  e.  Burlington.  Chartered  in 
1763,  but  not  settled  until  1786.  The  surface  is 
very  uneven,  lying  on  the  Green  mountains,  and 
containing  Camel's  Rump,  one  of  its  highest 
peaks,  in  its  e.  part.  Watered  by  Huntington  r., 
a  branch  of  Onion  r.,  which  affords  water  power. 
The  soil  is  sterile.  It  has  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$2,500.     7  sch.  229  scholars.     Pop.  914. 

Huntington,  p-t.,  Fairfield  co.,  Ct.,  17  w. 
New  Haven,  49  s.  w.  Hartford,  293  W.  Incor- 
porated in  1789.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  the 
soil  fertile,  adapted  to  grain.  The  v.  contains  1 
Congregational  and  1  Episcopal  church.  The  t. 
contains  6  churches — 2  Congregational,  2  Epis- 
copal, 1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist.  Housatonic  r. 
runs  on  the  e.  border  of  the  t,  and  is  here  crossed 
by  2  bridges.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $3,000;  2 
woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  paper  fac,  2  grist  m., 
7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $16,700.  5  sch.  103 
scholars.     Pop.  1,326. 

Huntington,  p-t.,  Suffolk  co.,  N.  Y.,  189  s. 
by  e.  Albany,  269  W.  It  extends  across  Long 
Island,  in  its  widest  part.  The  surface  is  hilly 
on  the  n.,  level  on  the  s.  The  soil  is  various.  It 
has  several  bays  setting  up  from  Long  Island 
sound,  and  is  drained  by  small  streams,  flowing 
into  Great  South  bay  on  the  s.  The  v.,  situated 
at  the  head  of  Huntington  harbor,  a  branch  of 
Huntington  bay,  contains  3  churches — 1  Presby- 
terian, 1  Episcopal,  and  1  Universalist — an  acad- 
emy, several  stores,  a  wind  m.,  50  dwellings,  and 
about  400  inhabitants.  It  has  a  fine  harbor. 
There  are  in  the  t.  30  stores,  cap.  $110,200;  7 
lumber  yards,  cap.  $10,200 ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  wool- 
len fac,  2  tanneries,  1  pottery,  1  printing  office, 
1  weekly  newspaper,  1  flouring  m.,  9  grist  m.,  4 


saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $120,410.  1  acad.  83 
students,  31  sch.  1,354  scholars.     Pop.  6,562. 

Huntington,  p-t.,  Lorain  co.,  O.,  20  s.  w. 
Elyria,  95  n.  n.  e.  Columbus,  376  W.  Wateted 
by  the  w.  branch  of  Black  r.  It  has  2  sch.  85 
scholars.    Pop.  713. 

Huntington,  t.,  Brown  co.,  O.  Ohio  r.  runs 
on  its  s.  border,  and  it  contains  the  v.  of  Aber- 
deen. The  first  settlement  in  the  co.  was  made 
in  this  t.  in  1795.  It  has  1  sch.  50  scholars.  Pop. 
2,362. 

Huntington,  t.,  Gallia  co.,  O.  Watered  by 
Racoon  cr.,  and  contains  the  v.  of  Vinton.  It  has 
1  store,  cap.  $1,000;  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  3 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $6,500. 
Pop.  971. 

Huntington,  t.,  Ross  co.,  O.  The  soil  is 
fertile,  and  well  cultivated.     Pop.  1,169. 

Huntington,  p-v.,  Laurens  dist.,  S.  C,  82  n. 
w.  Columbia,  484  W. 

Huntington,  p-v.,  capital,  Huntington  co., 
la.,  105  n.  n.  e.  Indianapolis,  570  W.  It  is  situ- 
ated on  the  n.  side  of  the  Wabash  r.,  and  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  and  several  dwellings. 

Huntington  Bay,  Hempstead  t.,  Suffolk  co., 
N.  Y.,  sets  up  from  Long  Island  sound,  between 
Eaton's  and  Lloyd's  Neck.  It  is  a  safe  harbor, 
and  abounds  with  shell  and  other  fish,  and  wild 
fowl. 

Huntingtown,  p-v.,  Calvert  co.,  Md.,  42  s. 
w.  Annapolis,  72  W. 

Huntsburg,  p-t.,  Geauga  co.,  O.,  175  n.  e. 
Columbus,  334  W.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $2,000  ; 
1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $400. 
1  sch.  24  scholars.     Pop.  911. 

Hunt's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  la., 
84  e.  n.  e.  Indianapolis,  515  W. 

Hunt's  Fork,  p-o.,  Davidson  co.,  N.  C. 

Hunt's  Hollow,  p-v.,  Portage  t.,  Alleghany 
co.,  N.  Y.,  258  w.  Albany,  353  W.  It  contains 
3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  and  1 
Methodist — 1  store,  and  30  or  35  dwellings. 

Hunt's  Store,  p-o.,  Guilford  co.,  N.  C,  98  w. 
N.w.Raleigh,  319  W. 

Huntsville,  p-o.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  126  N.  e. 
Harrisburg,  237  W. 

Huntsville,  p-v.,  Liberty  t.,  Butler  co.,  O., 
95  w.  s.  w.  Columbus,  479  W. 

Huntsville,  p-v.,  Surry  co.,  N.  C,  138  w.  n. 
w.  Raleigh,  339  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Yadkin  r. 

Huntsville,  p-v.,  Laurens  dist.,  S.  C,  56  n. 
W.Columbia,  5 10W. 

Huntsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Madison  co.,  Ala., 
153  n.  N.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  708  W.  Situated  10  ms. 
n.  of  Tennessee  river.  It  contains  a  fine  court 
house,  bank,  market  house,  U.  S.  land  office,  5 
churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Cum- 
berland Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Method- 
ist— 1  academy,  1  seminary,  18  stores,  and  2,496 
inhabitants.  The  court  house  is  of  Grecian  archi- 
tecture, and  cost  $45,000.  The  bank  is  of  hewn 
stone,  with  an  Ionic  portico,  and  cost  $30,000. 
The  houses  are  neat,  and  many  of  them  elegant. 
There  is  a  macadamized  road  to  Tennessee  r 

Huntsville,  p-v.,  Schuyler  co.,  111.,  80  w.  n. 
n.  Springfield,  853  W. 

Huntsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Randolph  co., 
Mo.,  78  N.  N.  w.  Jefferson  city,  961  W.  It  is  sit- 
uated on  the  e.  side  of  E.  Chariton  r. 

Huntsville,  p-v.,  Paulding  co.,  Ga.,  136  w. 
n.  w.  Milledgeville,  661  W. 

Huntsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Madison  co.. 
Ark.,  175  n.  w.  Little  Rock,  1,183  W.  It  is  situ- 
ated on  the  s.  side  of  the  War  Eagle  branch  of 
White  r. 

Hurley,  p-t.,  Ulster  co.,  N.  Y.,  60  s.  s.  w  Al- 


HUR 


289 


HYN 


bany,  319  W.  The  surface  is  hilly;  soil,  a  fer- 
tile calcareous  loam.  Drained  by  Esopus  crook. 
The  v.,  on  Esopus  cr.,  contains  3  churches — 1 
Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist— 1  store, 
and  30  or  35  dwellings.  The  t.  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $15,000;  1  woollen  fac,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $41,650.  6  sch.  447  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  2,201. 

Hurl  Gate.    (See  Hell  Gate.) 

Huron  Lake,  one  of  the  5  great  lakes  of  North 
America,  lies  on  ihe  boundarybetween  the  United 
States  and  Canada,  and  may  be  regarded  as  218 
miles  long,  and  180  hroad,  though  its  irregular 
form  renders  it  difficult  to  determine  this  with 
much  precision.  It  receives  the  waters  of  Lake 
Superior  through  the  Straits  of  St.  Mary,  and  of 
Lake  Michigan  through  the  Straits  of  Michili- 
mackinac,  and  discharges  its  waters  into  Lake 
Erie  through  St.  Clair  r.  and  lake  and  Detroit 
r.    The  Manitoulin  Islands  stretch  across  its  n. 

Sart,  from  e.  to  w.,  and  one  of  them,  the  Grand 
Ianitou,  is  80  ms.  long.  This  lake,  though  very 
deep,  is  generally  shallow  near  its  shores.  It 
has  some  fine  harbors. 

Huron,  r.,  O.,  rises  in  Richland  co.,  and  flows 
through  Huron  and  Erie  counties  into  Lake  Erie, 
at  Huron.  It  is  navigable,  by  a  crooked  chan- 
nel, 6  or  7  miles  from  its  mouth.  A  canal  is  con- 
structed along  this  r.,  from  Milan  to  the  head  of 
navigation. 

Huron,  r.,  Mich.,  rises  in  Oakland  and  Liv- 
ingston counties,  and  enters  Lake  Erie  a  few  ms. 
below  the  mouth  of  Detroit  r.  This  r.  and  its 
branches  afford  extensive  water  power.  Its 
length  is  about  90  ms. 

Huron,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  n.  part  of 
the  state,  and  contains  800  sq.  ms.  Watered  by 
Huron  and  Vermilion  rivers,  and  their  branches. 
The  soil  is  fertile,  and  well  cultivated.  Capital, 
Nor  walk.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
23,595,  sheep  28,182,  swine  31,333  ;  wheat 
164,056  bush,  produced,  rye  2,501,  Indian  corn 
163,293,  buckwheat  5,446,  oats  148,669,  potatoes 
147,328,  silk  cocoons  1,039  pounds ;  5  commission 
houses,  cap.  $23,000 ;  36  stores,  cap.  $235,300 ;  6 
fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  6  tanneries,  3  distil- 
leries, 2  potteries,  3  flouring  m.,  11  grist  m.,  41 
saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $207,400.  146  sch.  5,119  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  23,933. 

Huron,  county,  Mich.  Situated  on  the  point 
of  land  between  Lake  Huron  and  Saginaw  bay. 
Surface  low,  and  in  many  places  swampy.  Un- 
organized. 

Huron,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  N.  Y.,  183  w.  by  n. 
Albany,  363  W.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil, 
gravelly  and  sandy  loam.  Lake  Ontario  bounds 
it  on  the  n.,  from  which  East  bay,  Port  bay,  and 
Sodus  bay,  set  up.  It  contains  the  villages  of 
Huron  and  Port  Glasgow.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$1,200  ;  1  fulling  m.,  13  saw  m.,  8  sch.  574  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,913. 

Huron,  p-t.,  Erie  county,  Ohio,  111  n.  by 
E.  Columbus,  399  W.  The  v.  is  situated  at  the 
mouth  of  Huron  r.,  on  Lake  Erie,  where  is  a  good 
harbor.  It  contains  15  stores,  8  or  10  warehouses, 
and  about  250  dwellings,  and  1,000  inhabitants. 
There  are  in  the  t.  5  commission  houses,  cap. 
$35,000;  12  stores,  cap.  $15,000;  1  printing  of- 
fice, 1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$1,000.    2  sch.  64  scholars.     Pop.  1,438. 

Huron,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  29  s.  w.  De- 
troit, 509  W.  It  has  2  sch.  Ill  scholars.   Pop.  317. 

Hurricane,  p-o.,  Spartanburg  dist.,  S.  C,  105 
N.  w.  Columbia,  464  W. 

Hurricane,  p-o.,  Humphreys  co.,  Tenn.,  82 
w.  by  s.  Nashville  766  W 
37 


Hurricane,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  HI.,  69  s 
Springfield,  753  W. 

Hurricane,  p-o.,  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  127  w.  Mad- 
ison, 917  W. 

Hurricane  Shoals,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Ga.,  97 
w.  n.  w.  Milledgeville,  623  W. 

Hurts  Cross  Roads,  do.,  Maury  co.,  Tenn., 
34  s.  by  w.Nashville,  711  W. 

Huston,  t.,  Centre  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $3,000 ;  2  furnaces,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,500.  2  sch.  80  scholars. 
Pop.  557. 

Hustonville,  p-v.,  Lincoln  co.,  Ky.,  53  s.  s. 
e.  Frankfort,  567  W. 

Hutsonville,  p-v.,  Crawford  co.,111.,  147 s.  e. 
Springfield,  681  W. 

Huttonvili.e,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.  Va.,  195  n. 
w.  Richmond,  222  W. 

Hyannis,  p-v.,  Barnstable  t.,  Barnstable  co., 
Mass.,  77  s.  e  Boston,  478  W.  Situated  5  s.  E. 
Barnstable  court  house,  and  contains  1  Baptist 
and  1  Universalist  church. 

Hyannis  Port,  p-o.,  Barnstable  t.,  Barnstable 
co.,  Mass.,  79  s.  e.  Boston,  480  W.  Here  is  a 
good  harbor,  with  a  breakwater,  constructed  by 
the  United  States. 

Hyattstown,  p-v.,  Montgomery,  co.,  Md.,  72 
w.by  n.  Annapolis,  32  W. 

Hyattsville,  p-v.,  Monroe  t.,  Miami  co.,  O., 
82  w.  Columbus,  475  W.  Situated  near  the  Mi- 
ami canal,  and  contains  2  stores,  and  about  100 
inhabitants. 

Hyco,  p-o.,  Halifax  co.,  Va. 

Hyde,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  800  sq.  ms.  It  has 
Pamlico  sound  on  the  s.  e.  Surface  low,  with 
extensive  marshes.  Capital,  Lake  Landing. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,411,  sheep 
4,835,  swine  1,629;  wheat  2 1,055  bush,  produced, 
Ind.  corn  231,837,  oats  18,737,  potatoes  56,506, 
cotton  45,830  pounds ;  17  stores,  cap.  $63,000  ;  7 
flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $10,500.  5  sch.  133  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
4,009,  slaves  2,198,  free  col'd  251 ;  total,  6,453. 

Hyde  Park,  p-t.,  capital  of  Lamoille  co.,  Vt., 
31  n.  Montpelier,  545  W.  Chartered  in  1781. 
Watered  by  Lamoille  r.  and  its  branches,  which 
afford  good  water  power.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and 
easily  cultivated.  The  v.  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  and  a  number  of  dwellings.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $9,000 ;  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$3,560.     11  sch.  230  scholars.    Pop.  1,080. 

Hyde  Park,  p-t.,  Dutchess  co.,  N.  Y.,  66  s. 
Albany,  305  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil, 
gravelly  loam  and  clay.  Hudson  r.  bounds  it  on 
the  w.,  and  the  soil  along  the  r.  is  fertile.  Drain- 
ed by  Crum  Elbow  cr.  There  are  some  delight- 
ful residences  along  the  borders  of  the  Hudson. 
The  v.  is  on  the  e.  side  of  Hudson  r.,  and  con- 
tains 3  churches —  1  Dutch  Reformed,  1  Episco- 
pal, 1  Methodist — 5  stores,  1  warehouse,  1  grist 
m.,  1  plaster  m.  It  has  2  commodious  steamboat 
landings,  from  which  boats  and  barges  ply  to  N. 
York,  and  a  horse  ferry-boat,  which  plies  across 
the  r.  There  are  in  the  t.,  2  stores,  cap.  $5,800  ; 
1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $27,200.  2  sch.  57  scholars  Pop.  2,364. 

Hyde  Park,  p-o.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  144  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  248  W. 

Hydesburg,  p-v.,  Ralls  co.,  Mo.,  108  n.  n.  e. 
Jefferson  city,  919  W. 

Hyde  Settlement,  p-o.,  Barker  t.,  Broome 
co.,  N.  Y,  134  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  310  W. 

Hydraulic  Mills,  p-o.,  Albemarle  co.,  Va., 
90  w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  126  W. 

Hyndsville,  p-o.,  Seward  t.,  Schoharie  oa 
N.  Y.,  44  w.  Albany,  491  W. 


ILL 


290 


ILL 


Iberia,  p-v.,  Washington  t.,  Marion  co.,  O.,  54 
N.  Columbus,  399  W.  It  contains  2  stores  and 
several  dwellings. 

Iberia,  p-v.,  Miller  co.,  Mo.,  50  s.  w.  Jefferson 
city,  986  W.    Situated  2  ms.  w.  of  Tavern  cr. 

Iberville,  outlet  of  Mississippi  r.,  leaves  the 
Mississippi  14  ms.  below  Baton  Rouge,  and  20 
ms.  below,  is  joined  by,  and  lost  in  Amite  r.  It 
receives  water  from  the  Mississippi  only  at  high 
flood. 

Iberville,  parish,  La.  Centrally  situated 
in  the  lower  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  350 
sq.  ms  The  surface  is  level,  the  borders  of  the 
streams  only  being  sufficiently  elevated  for  cul- 
tivation, where  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Capital, 
Plaquemine.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
4,901,  sheep  3,938,  swine  4,688;  Ind.  corn  209,240, 
bush,  prod.,  potatoes  30,924,  cotton  3,552,000  lbs., 
sugar  3,728,000 ;  17  stores,  cap.  $o4,800 ;  1  acad.  12 
students,  5  sch.  133  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,523, 
slaves  5,887,  free  col'd  85  ;  total,  8,495. 

Iberville,  p-v.,  Iberville  par.,  La.,  92  w.  N. 
w.  New  Orleans,  1,192  W. 

Ices  Ferry,  p-o.,  Monongalia  co.,  Va. 

Ickesburg,  p-v.,  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  40  n.  w.  Har- 
risburg,  128  W. 

Ida,  p-o.,  Tipton  co.,  Tenn.,  180  w.  by  s.  Nash- 
ville, 865  W. 

Ida,  t,  Monroe  co.,  Mich.  It  has  2  sch.  52 
scholars.    Pop.  251. 


Ijamsville,  p-v.,  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  71  ft.  w. 
Annapolis,  51  W. 

Imlaytown,  p-v.,  Upper  Freehold  t.,  Mon- 
mouth, co.,  N.  J.,  16  e.  Trenton,  182  W.  It  con- 
tains 1  store,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  tannery,  and 
about  15  dwellings. 

Illinois,  r.,  111.,  is  formed  by  the  Union  of 
Kankakee  and  Des  Plaines  rivers,  and  at  Ottawa, 
receives  Fox  r.,  and  proceeding  in  a  general  s.  w. 
and  s.  direction,  about  400  rns.  by  the  windings 
of  the  r.,  unites  with  the  Mississippi  in  38°  58'  23" 
n.  lat.,  and  90°  18'  w.  Ion.,  20  ms.  above  the  en- 
trance of  the  Missouri.  It  is  400  yards  wide  at 
its  mouth.  Above  the  entrance  of  Vermilion  r. 
it  is  obstructed  by  rapids  ;  but  below  this  point 
the  current  is  gentle,  and  navigable  for  steamboats, 
throughout  the  year.  From  this  point,  a  canal  is 
in  progress  to  Chicago,  a  distance,  including  5i 
ms.  in  Chicago  r.,  and  a  feeder  4  ms.  from  Fox  r., 
of  106  ms.  It  is  6  feet  deep,  and  60  feet  wide  at 
top  ;  and  is  estimated  to  cost  $8,654,337.  This  is 
one  of  the  most  important  canals  in  the  coun- 
try. 

Illinois,  river,  Ind.  ter.,  rises  in  Benton  and 
Washington  counties,  Ark.,  and  passing  into  the 
Indian  ter.,  runs  southwardly  into  Arkansas  r.,  4 
ms.  above  the  entrance  of  Canadian  r.  A  few 
ms.  from  the  mouth  of  the  Illinois  are  salt  springs, 
on  its  borders. 


ILLINOIS. 

Illinois,  one  of  the  Western  United  States,  is  bounded  n.  by  Wisconsin  ter. ;  E.  by  Lake  Mich- 
igan and  Indiana ;  s.  by  the  Ohio  river,  which  separates  it  from  Kentucky  ;  and  w.  by  Missouri, 
and  Iowa  ter.,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Mississippi  river.  It  is  between  37°  and  42°  307 
N.  lat.,  and  between  87°  17'  and  91°  50'  w.  Ion.,  and  between  10°  20'  and  14°  21'  w.  Ion.  from  W. 
It  is  350  ms.  long  by  180  broad,  containing  50,000  square  miles,  or  32,000,000  acres.  The  popula- 
tion in  1810  was  12,232;  in  1820,  55,211  ;  in  1830,  157,575;  in  1840,  476,183;  of  which  255,235 
were  white  males  ;  217,019  do.  females  ;  1,876  were  colored  males ;  1,722  do.  females.  Employed 
in  agriculture,  105,337 ;  in  commerce,  2,506  ;  in  manufactures  and  trades,  13,185  ;  in  mining,  782  ; 
navigating  the  ocean,  63  ;  do.  lakes,  rivers,  and  canals,  310  ;  learned  professions,  2,021. 

This  state  is  divided  into  87  counties,  which,  with  their  population  in  1840,  and  their  capitals, 
were  as  follows  :— Adams,  14,476,  Quincy;  Alexander,  3,313,  Unity  ;  Bond,  5,060,  Greenville; 
Boone,  1,705,  Belvidere ;  Brown,  4,183,  Mount  Sterling ;  Bureau,  3,067,  Princeton ;  Calhoun, 
1,741,  Gilead  ;  Carroll,  1,023,  Savannah  ;  Cass,  2,931,  Virginia ;  Champaign,  1,475,  Urbana ; 
Christian,  1,878,  Edinburg  ;  Clarke,  7,453,  Marshall ;  Clay,  3,223,  Lewisville  ;  Clinton,  3,718, 
Carlyle ;  Coles,  9,616,  Charleston ;  Cook,  10,201,  Chicago ;  Crawford,  4,422,  Palestine ;  De 
Kalb,  1,697,  Sycamore;  De  Witt,  3,247,  Clinton;  Du  Page,  3,535,  Napierville ;  Edgar,  8,225, 
Paris;   Edwards,  3,070,  Albion;    Effingham,  1,675,  Ewington;   Fayette,  6,328,  Vandalia ; 
Franklin,  3,632,  Benton;  Fulton,  13,142,  Lewiston;  Gallatin,  10,760,  Equality;  Greene, 
11,951,  Carrollton  ;  Hamilton,  3,945,  McLeansboro' ;  Hancock,  9,946,  Carthage  ;  Hardin,  1,378, 
Elizabethtown ;   Henry,   1,260,   Morristown ;    Iroquois,   1,695,  Montgomery ;  Jackson,  3,566, 
Brownsville  ;  Jasper,  1,472,  Newton ;  Jefferson,  5,762,  Mt.  Vernon  ;  Jersey,  4,535,  Jerseyville  ; 
Jo-Daviess,  6,180,  Galena;  Johnson,  3,626,  Vienna;  Kane,  6,501,  Geneva ;  Knox,  7,060,  Knox- 
ville;  Lake,  2,631,  Little  Fort;  La  Salle,  9,348,  Ottawa;   Lawrence,  7,092,  Lawrenceville ; 
Lee,  2,035,  Dixon  ;  Livingston,  759,  Pontiac  ;  Logan,  2,333,  Postville ;  Macon,  3,03.),  Decatur ; 
Macoupin,  7,826,  Carlinville ;  Madison,   14,433,  Edwardsville  ;  Marion,  4,742,   Salem ;  Mar- 
shall, 1,819,  Lacon;    McDonough,  5,303,  Macomb;  McIIenry,  2,578,  3IcHenry;  McLean, 
6,565,  Bloomington ;  Menard,  4,431,  Petersburg ;  Mercer,  2,352,  Millersburg ;  Monroe,  4,481,  Wa- 
terloo ;  Montgomery,  4,490,  Hillsboro' ;  Morgan,  19,547,  Jacksonville  ;  Ogle,  3,479,  Oregon  city ; 
Peoria,  6,153,  Peoria  ;  Perry,  3,222,  Pinckney ville  ;  Pike,  11,723,  Pittsfield  ;  Pope,  4,094,  Gol- 
conda  ;  Putnam,  2,131,  Hennepin  ;  Randolph,  7,944,  Kaskaskia  ;  Rock  Island,  2,610,  Rock  Isl- 
and ;  Sangamon,  14,716,  Springfield ;  Schuyler,  6,972,  Rushville;  Scott,  6,215,  Winchester; 
Shelby,  6,659,  Shelbyville  ;  Stark,  1,573,  Toulon ;  Stephenson,  2,800,  Freeport ;  St.  Clair, 
13,631,  Belleville ;  Tazewell,  7,221,  Tremont;  Union*  5,524,  Jonesboro* ;  Vermilion,  9,303. 


ILL 291 ILL • 

Danville  ;  Wabash,  4,240,  Mt.  Carmel ;  Warren,  6,739,  Monmouth  ;  Washington,  4,810,  Nash- 
ville ;  Wayne,  5,133,  Fairfield  ;  White,  7,919,  Carmi ;  Whiteside,  2,514,  Sterling;  Will,  10,167, 
Juliet;  Williamson,  4,457,  Bainbridge  ;  Winnebago,  4,609,  Rockford. 

Springfield,  near  the  centre  of  the  state,  is  the  seat  of  government. 

The  surface  of  this  state  is  generally  level.  There  is  no  mountain  in  its  whole  extent,  though 
the  northern  and  southern  parts  are  hilly  and  broken.  The  portion  of  the  state  s.  of  a  line  from 
the  mouth  of  the  Wabash  to  the  mouth  of  the  Kaskaskia,  is  generally  covered  with  timber,  but  N. 
of  this,  the  prairie  country  predominates.  The  eye  sometimes  wanders  over  immense  plains, 
covered  with  grass,  with  no  other  boundary  of  its  vision  but  the  distant  horizon,  though  the  view 
is  often  broken  by  occasional  woodlands.  The  dry  prairies  are  generally  from  30  to  100  feet  higher 
than  the  bottom  land  on  the  rivers,  and  frequently  no  less  fertile.  A  range  of  bluffs  commences 
on  the  margin  of  the  Mississippi,  a  short  distance  above  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio,  and  extends  n.  be- 
yond the  Des  Moines  rapids,  sometimes  rising  abruptly  from  the  water's  edge,  but  generally  a  few 
miles  distant  from  it,  leaving  between  the  bluffs  and  the  river,  a  strip  of  alluvial  formation  of  inex- 
haustible fertility.  The  banks  of  the  Illinois  and  Kaskaskia,  in  some  places,  present  sublime  and 
picturesque  scenery.  Several  of  their  tributary  streams  have  excavated  for  themselves  deep  gulfs, 
particularly  those  of  the  Kaskaskia,  whose  banks,  near  the  junction  of  Big  Hill  creek,  present  a 
perpendicular  front  of  solid  limestone  140  feet  high. 

The  peninsula  between  the  Mississippi  and  Illinois  rivers  has  been  surveyed  as  military  bounty 
lands  by  the  United  States,  making  an  area  equal  to  240  townships  of  6  miles  square,  which  would 
be  equal  to  8,640  square  miles,  or  nearly  to  5,530,000  acres.  These  lands  are  said  to  be  of  excel- 
lent quality.  The  soil  throughout  the  state  generally  may  be  considered  as  fertile.  The  forest 
trees  most  abundant  are  oak  of  different  species,  walnut,  ash,  elm,  sugar  maple,  locust,  hackberry, 
buckeye,  sycamore,  and  some  white  pine  about  the  head  waters  of  the  Illinois.  The  vegetable 
productions  are  Indian  corn,  wheat,  rye,  oats,  buckwheat,  potatoes,  turnips,  cotton,  hemp,  flax,  to- 
bacco, castor  bean,  &c. 

In  this  state  there  were  in  1840,  199,235  horses  and  mules  ;  626,274  neat  cattle ;  395,672  sheep ; 
1,495,254  swine  ;  poultry  valued  at  $309,204.  There  were  produced  3,335,393  bushels  of  wheat ; 
82,251  of  barley  ;  4,938,008  of  oats  ;  88,197  of  rye  ;  57,884  of  buckwheat ;  22,634,211  of  Indian 
corn;  650,007  pounds  of  wool ;  17,742  of  hops;  29,173  of  wax;  2,025,520  bushels  of  potatoes; 
164,932  tons  of  hay  ;  1,976  of  hemp  and  flax ;  564,326  pounds  of  tobacco  ;  460  of  rice  ;  200,947  of 
cotton  ;  1,150  of  silk  cocoons ;  399,813  of  sugar.  The  products  of  the  dairy  were  valued  at  $428,175 ; 
of  the  orchard  at  $126,756;  of  lumber  $203,666.  Value  of  skins  and  furs,  $39,412.  There  were 
made  474  gallons  of  wine. 

The  most  important  mineral  production  of  this  state  is  lead,  which  is  found  in  the  n.  w.  part  in 
inexhaustible  quantities,  and  in  one  year  13,000,000  pounds  have  been  smelted.  Galena  is  the  cen- 
tre of  the  lead  trade.  Several  valuable  salt  springs  are  found  in  the  e.  and  s.  part,  particularly 
near  Shawneetown,  which  are  owned  by  the  United  States,  and  leased  to  the  manufacturers.  Coal 
abounds  in  the  bluffs,  and  iron  exists  in  various  parts  of  the  state. 

The  climate  is  generally  healthy,  the  air  pure  and  serene,  but  the  winters  cold.  The  average 
temperature  through  the  year  is  from  50°  to  53°  of  Fahrenheit.  In  the  neighborhood  of  low  and 
wet  lands,  particularly  near  the  mouths  of  the  Wabash  and  the  Ohio,  the  country  is  unhealthy. 
The  summers  in  the  s.  part  of  the  state  are  warm. 

The  Illinois  is  the  largest  river  in  the  state.  Fox  and  Des  Plaines  rivers,  its  2  largest  branches 
from  the  n.,  rise  in  Wisconsin,  and  with  Kankakee  river,  from  Indiana,  form  the  Illinois,  and  after 
a  course  of  more  than  400  miles,  it  enters  the  Mississippi  20  miles  above  the  Missouri.  It  is  navi- 
gable a  distance  of  about  250  miles.  Rock  river  rises  in  Wisconsin,  and  after  a  course  of  300  miles, 
mostly  in  Illinois,  it  falls  into  the  Mississippi.  The  Kaskaskia  rises  near  the  middle  of  the  state, 
and  after  a  southwestwardly  course  of  250  miles,  enters  the  Mississippi,  63  miles  below  the  Mis- 
souri. It  is  navigable  for  boats  for  150  miles.  The  Wabash  forms  a  part  of  the  E.  boundary.  (See 
Indiana.)  The  Little  Wabash,  after  a  course  130  miles,  enters  the  Wabash  a  little  above  its  con- 
fluence with  the  Ohio.  Peoria  lake,  through  which  the  Illinois  river  flows,  about  200  miles  from 
its  mouth,  is  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water,  20  miles  long,  and  2  broad. 

The  principal  commercial  depot  in  the  n.  is  Chicago,  on  Lake  Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of  Chicago 
river,  with  a  tolerable  harbor,  which  has  been  improved  by  piers  extending  into  the  lake.  The 
most  commercial  place  on  the  Mississippi  is  Alton,  2i  miles  above  the  Missouri.  It  has  a  fine 
landing  place,  with  a  natural  wharf  consisting  of  a  flat  rock  well  suited  to  the  purpose.  The  other 
principal  places  are  Springfield,  Quincy,  Galena,  Peoria,  Vandalia,  and  Kaskaskia. 

There  were  in  this  state  in  1840,  2  commercial  and  51  commission  houses  engaged  in  foreign  trade, 
with  a  capital  of  $333,800  ;  1,348  retail  drygoods  and  other  stores,  with  a  capital  of  $4,904,125; 
405  persons  employed  in  the  lumber  trade,  with  a  capital  of  $93,350  ;  117  persons  employed  in 
internal  transportation,  who,  with  263  butchers,  packers,  &c,  employed  a  capital  of  $642,425. 

The  amount  of  home-made  or  family  manufactures  was  $993^67.     There  were  4  fulling  mill* 


ILL  292  ILL 

and  16  woollen  manufactories,  employing  34  persons,  producing  goods  to  the  amount  of  $9,540,  with 
a  capital  of  $26,205  ;  4  furnaces  produced  153  tons  of  cast  iron ;  20  smelting  houses  produced 
8,755,000  pounds  of  lead,  employing  73  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $114,500;  22  persons  produced 
20,000  bushels  of  salt,  with  a  capital  of  $10,000;  3  persons  produced  confectionery  to  the  amount 
of  $2,240;  1  paper  mill  produced  $2,030;  24  persons  manufactured  tobacco  to  the  amount  of 
$10,139;  69  persons  manufactured  hats  and  caps  to  the  amount  of  $28,395,  and  straw  bonnets  to 
the  amount  of  $1,570,  employing  a  capital  of  $12,918 ;  23  potteries,  employed  56  persons,  producing 
articles  to  the  amount  of  $26,740,  with  a  capital  of  $10,225 ;  155  tanneries  employed  305  persons, 
and  a  capital  of  $155,679  ;  626  other  manufactories  of  leather,  as  saddleries,  &c,  produced  articles 
to  the  amount  of  $247,217,  with  a  capital  of  $9S,503 ;  71  persons  produced  machinery  to  the  amount 
of  $37,720  ;  20  persons  produced  hardware  and  cutlery  to  the  amount  of  $9,750 ;  12  persons  pro- 
duced 20  cannon  and  238  small-arms  ;  7  persons  manufactured  the  precious  metals  to  the  value  of 
$2,400  ;  26  persons  manufactured  granite  and  marble  to  the  amount  of  $116,112  ;  995  persons  pro- 
duced bricks  and  lime  to  the  amount  of  $263,398,  with  a  capital  of  $104,648  ;  25  persons  produced 
519,673  pounds  of  soap,  and  117,693  pounds  of  tallow  candles,  with  a  capital  of  $17,345;  150  dis- 
tilleries produced  1,551,684  gallons,  and  11  breweries  90,300  gallons,  the  whole  employing  233  per- 
sons, and  a  capital  of  $138,155  ;  307  persons  produced  carriages  and  wagons  to  the  amount  of 
$144,362,  with  a  capital  of  $59,263  ;  98  flouring  mills  produced  172,657  barrels  of  flour,  and  with  other 
mills  employed  2,234  persons,  and  manufactured  articles  to  the  amount  of  $2,417,926,  with  acaptia) 
of  $2,147,618  ;  vessels  were  built  to  the  amount  of  $39,200;  244  persons  produced  furniture  to  the 
amount  of  $34,410,  with  a  capital  of  $62,223 ;  334  brick  or  stone  houses,  and  4,133  wooden  houses 
were  built  by  5,737  persons,  and  cost  $2,065,255  ;  45  printing  offices,  and  5  binderies,  3  daily,  2 
semi-weekly,  and  39  weekly  newspapers,  and  9  periodicals,  employed  175  persons,  and  a  capital 
of  $71,300.     The  whole  amount  of  capital  employed  in  manufactures  was  $3,136,512. 

The  Illinois  College,  at  Jacksonville,  was  founded  in  1929;  Shurtleff  College,  (Baptist,)  in  Upper 
Alton,  in  1935  ;  McKendree  College,  (Methodist,)  in  Lebanon,  in  1934 ;  McDonough  College,  at 
Macomb,  in  1937.  In  these  institutions  there  were  in  1940,  311  students.  There  were  in  the  state 
42  academies,  with  1,967  students  ;  1,241  common  and  primary  schools,  with  34,976  scholars  ;  and 
27,502  white  persons  over  20  years  of  age  who  could  neither  read  nor  write. 

The  Methodists  have  160  travelling  preachers  ;  the  Baptists  have  160  ministers  ;  the  Presbyte- 
rians, of  different  descriptions,  about  100  ministers ;  the  Episcopalians  10  churches,  and  the  Ro- 
man Catholics  12 ;  and  there  are  some  of  other  denominations. 

At  the  beginning  of  1940,  there  were  in  this  state  9  banks  and  branches,  with  an  aggregate  capital 
of  $5,423,195,  and  a  circulation  of  $3,724,092.  At  the  close  of  1940,  the  state  debt  amounted  to 
$13,465,692. 

The  governor  is  elected  by  the  people  for  4  years,  but  is  eligible  only  4  years  in  9.  A  lieuten- 
ant-governor is  elected  at  the  same  time,  who  is  president  of  the  senate,  and  in  case  of  the 
death,  resignation,  or  absence  of  the  governor,  discharges  his  duties.  The  senators  are  elected  for 
4  years,  and  the  representatives  for  2  years.  The  representatives  shall  never  be  less  than  27,  nor 
more  than  36,  until  the  inhabitants  exceed  100,000.  The  number  of  senators  shall  never  be  less 
than  one  third  nor  more  than  one  half  the  number  of  representatives.  The  judges  of  the  supreme 
court  are  appointed  by  the  joint  ballot  of  both  houses  of  the  legislature,  and  hold  their  offices  dur- 
ing good  behavior.  All  white  male  inhabitants  over  21  years  of  age,  who  have  resided  in  the  state 
6  months  next  preceding  an  election,  have  the  right  of  suffrage. 

This  state  has  undertaken  an  extensive  system  of  internal  improvements.  The  Illinois  and 
Michigan  canal  extends  from  Chicago  106  miles  to  near  Peru,  at  the  head  of  steamboat  navigation 
on  the  Illinois.  This  distance  includes  a  navigable  feeder  of  4  miles,  and  a  few  miles  of  river  nav- 
igation. It  was  commenced  in  1936,  and  is  estimated  to  cost  $9,654,337.  A  railroad  extends  from 
Meredosia,  53  miles,  to  Springfield.  Coal  Mine  Bluffs  railroad  extends  from  the  Mississippi  river, 
6  miles,  to  the  coal  mine.  Besides  these,  a  large  system  of  railroads  has  been  projected  and  partly 
executed,  the  principal  of  which  is  denominated  the  Central  railroad,  extending  from  Cairo,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi,  and  terminating  near  the  s.  termination  of  the  Illinois  and 
Michigan  canal ;  and  thence  extending  in  a  N.  w.  direction  to  Galena ;  the  whole  distance  being 
457i  miles,  at  an  estimated  cost  of  $3,900,000.  This  is  designed  to  be  intersected  by  railroads  to 
the  e.  and  w.,  some  of  them  crossing  the  state.     But  none  of  these  works  are  yet  completed. 

The  French  in  1720  from  Canada,  settled  at  Kaskaskia  and  Cahokia,  where  their  descendants  are 
still  found.  By  the  treaty  of  peace  between  Great  Britain  and  France,  in  1763,  this  country  came 
into  the  possession  of  the  British.  Nearly  all  the  settlements  in  this  state  by  emigrants  from  other 
states,  have  been  made  since  1900.  In  1789,  it  constituted  a  part  of  the  Northwest  territory.  In 
1800  Indiana  and  Illinois  became  a  separate  territory.  In  1809  Illinois  was  made  a  separate  terri- 
tory under  its  present  name  ;  and  in  1818  it  was  admitted  to  the  union  as  an  independent  state, 
being  the  23d  to  that  time  admitted. 


IND 


293 


IND 


Illinois,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Ark.  It  has  15 
stores,  cap.  $147,800  ;  2  tanneries,  3  distilleries. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $850.     Pop.  519. 

Illinois  City,  p-v.,  Rock  Island  co.,  111.,  172 
N.  n.  w.  Springfield,  901  W.  Situated  between 
Rock  river  and  the  Mississippi. 

Independence,  r.,  N.  V.,  rises  in  Hamilton  co., 
and  flows  w.  into  Black  r.,  in  Lewis  co. 

Independence,  county,  Ark.  Situated  cen- 
trally toward  the  N.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  con- 
tains 1,250  sq.  ms.  Big  Black  r.  runs  on  its  e. 
border.  Watered  by  White  r.  Capital,  Bates- 
ville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,993, 
sheep  1,928,  swine  19,329;  wheat  9,151  bush, 
produced,  Ind.  corn  219,635,  oats  8,702,  potatoes 
5,878,  tobacco  19,595  pounds,  cotton  18,932: 
8  stores,  cap.  $10,000,  1  cotton  fac.  6  sp.,  2  tan- 
neries, 2  distilleries,  8  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1  print- 
ing office,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $18,620.  1  acad.  55  students,  2  sch.  45 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,246,  slaves  514,  free 
col'd  9  ;  total,  3,669. 

Independence,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y.,  20 
s.  e.  Angelica,  261  w.by  s.  Albany,  300  W.  The 
surface  is  high  and  rolling;  soil,  clay  loam. 
Drained  by  Cryder's  and  Independence  creeks. 
It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $27,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  wool- 
len fac,  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $7,900.  13  sch.  571  scholars.  Pop. 
1,440. 

Independence,  t,  Warren  co.,  N.  J.,  14  n.  e. 
Belvidere.  It  is  hilly  on  the  e.  and  w.,  with  a 
valley  running  through  the  centre.  Drained  by 
Pequest  cr.,  and  its  tributary,  Bacon  cr.  31us- 
conetcong  r.  flows  on  its  s.  e.  boundary.  It  con- 
tains 1  Friends  church  ;  1 1  stores,  cap.  $27,500  ; 


•v.,  Autauga  co.,  Ala.,  94  s. 


1  furnace,  2  distilleries,  6  flouring  m.,  3  grift  m., 

1  oil  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $65,650.     13  sch.  580 
scholars.     Pop.  2,284. 

Independence,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  227 
w.  Harrisburg,  254  W.  It  has  2  sch.  50  scholars. 
Pop.  335. 

Independence,  p> 
e.  Tuscaloosa,  834  W. 

Independence,  p-v.,  Henderson  co.,Tenn.,  129 
w.  s.  w.  Nashville,  813  W. 

Independence,  p-t.,  Cuyahoga  co.,  O.,  10  s. 
Cleveland,  145  n.  n.  e.  Columbus,  358  W.  Sit- 
uated on  both  sides  of  the  Ohio  canal,  and  the 
Cuyahoga  r.  It  has  8  sch.  178  scholars.  Pop. 
754.  F 

Independence,  p-v.,  capital  of  Kenton  co., 
Ky.,  82  n.  n.  e.  Frankfort,  5i)5  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Independence,  t.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.    It  has 

2  stores,  cap.  $1,600.     Pop.  830. 
Independence,  p-v.,  Warren  co.,  la.,  85  N.  w. 

Indianapolis,  643  W. 

Independence,  t.,  Macon  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1 
sch.  27  scholars.     Pop.  545. 

Independence,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jackson  co., 
Mo.,  146  w.  n.  w.  Jefferson  city,  1,072  W.  It 
is  situated  6  ms.  s.  Missouri  r.,  and  is  a  flourish- 
ing v.  Here  the  Mormons  attempted  to  establish 
themselves,  but  the  opposition  of  the  inhabitants 
obliged  them  to  remove.  This  is  the  place  of  de- 
parture for  the  Santa  Fe  traders,  ana  here  they 
obtain  many  of  their  supplies.  It  has  a  court 
house,  jail,  and  several  stores,  and  about  300  in- 
habitants. 

Independence  Hill,  p-o.,  Prince  William  co., 
Va.,  94  n.  Richmond,  41  W. 


INDIANA. 

Indiana,  one  of  the  western  United  States,  is  bounded  s.  by  Michigan  lake  and  state  ;  e.  by 
Ohio  ;  s.  by  Kentucky,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Ohio  river  ;  and  w.  by  Illinois.  It  is 
between  37°  45'  and  41°  52'  n.  lat.,  and  between  84°  42'  and  87°  49'  w.  Ion.,  and  between  7°  45* 
and  11°  w.  from  W.  It  has  a  mean  length  of  260  miles,  and  a  mean  breadth  of  140  miles  ;  con- 
taining 36,000  square  miles,  or  23,040,000  acres.  The  population  in  1800  was  5,641 ;  in  1810, 
24,520  ;  in  1820,  147,178  ;  in  1830,  341,582 ;  in  1840,  685,866.  White  males,  352,773  ;  do.  females, 
325,925  ;  colored  males,  3,731 ;  do.  females,  3,434.  Employed  in  agriculture,  148,806 ;  in  com- 
merce, 3,076  ;  in  manufactures  and  trades,  20,590 ;  in  mining,  233 ;  navigating  the  ocean,  89  ;  do. 
canals,  rivers,  and  lakes,  677  ;  learned  professions,  2,257. 

There  are  in  this  state  87  counties,  which,  with  their  population,  in  1840,  and  their  capitals,  were 
as  follows  :  Adams,  2,264,  Decatur ;  Allen,  5,942,  Fort  Wayne  ;  Blackford,  1,226,  Hartford  ; 
Bartholomew,  10,042,  Columbus;  Boone,  8,121,  Lebanon;  Brown,  2,364,  Nashville  ;  Benton, 
Benton  C.  H. ;  Carroll,  7,819,  Delphi ;  Cass,  5,480,  Logansport ;  Clarke,  14,595,  Charles- 
town ;  Clay,  5,567,  Bowling  Green;  Clinton,  7,508,  Frankfort;  Crawford,  5,282,  Fredonia; 
Daviess,  6,720,  Washington;  Dearborn,  19,327,  Lawrenceburg ;  Decatur,  12,171,  Greensburg; 
De  Kalb,  1,963,  Auburn;  Delaware,  8,843,  Muncytown;  Dubois,  3,632,  Jasper ;  Elkhart, 
6,660,  Goshen ;  Fayette,  9,837,  Connersville ;  Floyd,  9,454,  New  Albany;  Fountain,  11,218, 
Covington  ;  Franklin,  13,349,  Brookville  ;  Fulton,  1,993,  Rochester;  Gibson,  8,977,  Princeton; 
Grant,  4,875,  Marion ;  Greene,  8,321,  Bloomfield ;  Hamilton,  9,855,  Noblesville ;  Hancock,  7,535, 
Greenfield;  Harrison,  12,459,  Corydon;  Hendricks,  11,264,  Danville;  Henry,  15,128,  New 
Castle ;  Huntington,  1,579,  Huntington  ;  Jackson,  8,961,  Brownston ;  Jasper,  1,267,  Rensse- 
laer; Jay,  3,863,  Portland;  Jefferson,  16,614,  Madison;  Jennings,  8,829,  Vernon;  Johnson, 
9,352,  Franklin;  Knox,  10,657,  Vincennes :  Kosciusko,  4,170,  Warsaw;  La  Grange,  3,664, 
Lima;  Lake,  1,468,  Crown  Point;  La  Porte,  8,184,  La  Porte;  Lawrence,  11,782,  Bedford; 
Madison, 8,874,  Andereontown ;  Marshall,  1,651,  Plymouth  ;  Marion,  16,080,  Indianapolis ;  Mar- 
tin, 3,875,  Mt.  Pleasant ;  Miami,  3,048,  Peru ;  Monroe,  10,143,  Bloomington ;  Montgomery, 
14,438,  Crawfordsville ;  Morgan,  10,741,  Martinsville  ;  Noble,  2,702,  Augusta ;  Orange,  9,602, 
Paoli;  Owen,  8,359,  Spencer;  Parke,  13,499,  Rockville  ;  Perry,  4,655,  Rome  ;  Pike,  4,769,  Pe- 
tersburg ;  Porter,  2,162,  Valparaiso;  Posey,  9,683,  Mt.  Vernon  ;  Pulaski,  561,  Winnimac  ;  Put- 
nam, 16,843,  Green  Castle ;  Randolph,  10,634,  Winchester;  Ripley,  10,392,  Versailles;  Rush, 
16,456,  Rushville ;  Scott,  4,242,  Lexington  ;  Shelby,  12,005,  Shelbyville ;  Spencer,  6,305,  Rock- 


IND 294 IND 

port ;  St.  Joseph,  6,425,  South  Bend  ;  Stark,  149,  Stark  C.  H. ;  Steuben,  2,578,  Angola  ;  Sul- 
livan, 8,315,  Benton ;  Switzerland,  9,920,  Vevay ;  Tippecanoe,  13,724,  Lafayette ;  Union, 
8,017,  Liberty;  Vanderburg,  6,250,  Evansville  ;  Vermilion,  8,274,  Newport;  Vigo,  12,076, 
Terre  Haute  ;  Wabash,  2,756,  Wabash ;  Warren,  5,656,  Williamsport ;  Warwick,  6,321,  Boone- 
ville ;  Washington,  15,269,  Salem ;  Wayne,  23,290,  Centreville ;  Wells,  1,822,  Bluffton ; 
White,  1,832,  Monticello ;  Whitley,  1,237,  Columbia.' 

Indianapolis,  near  the  centre  of  the  state,  on  White  river,  is  the  seat  of  government. 
There  are  no  mountains  in  Indiana,  but  the  country  bordering  on  the  Ohio  is  hilly.  A  range  of 
hills  runs  parallel  with  the  Ohio,  from  the  mouth  of  the  Great  Miami  to  Blue  river,  alternately  ap- 
proaching to  within  a  few  rods,  and  receding  to  the  distance  of  two  miles.  Inmediately  below 
Blue  river,  the  hills  cease,  and  there  is  presented  to  view  an  immense  tract  of  level  land,  covered 
with  a  heavy  growth  of  timber.  Bordering  on  all  the  principal  streams,  except  the  Ohio,  are  strips 
of  bottom  and  prairie  land,  from  3  to  6  miles  in  width.  Remote  from  the  rivers  the  country  is  bro- 
ken, and  the  soil  light.  Between  the  Wabash  and  Lake  Michigan,  the  country  is  generally  level, 
interspersed  with  woodlands,  prairies,  lakes,  and  swamps.  The  shore  of  Lake  Michigan  is  lined 
by  lofty  bare  sand  hills  200  feet  high,  back  of  which  are  sandy  hillocks,  with  a  growth  of  pine 
The  prairies  bordering  on  the  Wabash  are  particularly  rich,  having  ordinarily  a  vegetable  soil  from 
2  to  5  feet  deep.  The  natural  growth  of  the  soil  consists  of  several  kinds  of  oak,  ash,  beech,  buck- 
eye, walnut,  cherry,  maple,  elm,  sassafras,  linden,  honeylocust,  cotton  wood,  sycamore,  and  mul- 
berry. The  principal  productions  are  wheat,  rye,  Indian  corn,  oats,  buckwheat,  barley,  potatoes, 
beef,  pork,  butter,  cheese,  &c. 

In  1840,  there  were  in  this  state  241,036  horses  and  mules;  619,980  neat  cattle  ;  675,982  sheep; 
1,623,608  swine  ;  poultry,  to  the  value  of  $357,594.  There  were  produced,  4,049,375  bushels  of 
wheat ;  28,015  of  barley  ;  5,981,605  of  oats  ;  129,621  of  rye  ;  49,019  of  buckwheat;  28,155,887  of 
Indian  corn  ;  1,237,919  pounds  of  wool ;  38,591  of  hops  ;  30,647  of  wax ;  1,525,794  bushels  of  pota- 
toes ;  178,029  tons  of  hay;  8,605  of  flax  and  hemp  ;  1,820,306  pounds  of  tobacco ;  3,727,795  of  sugar. 
The  products  of  the  dairy  were  valued  at  $742,269;  of  the  orchard,  at  $110,055;  of  lumber,  at 
$420,791.    There  were  made  10,265  gallons  of  wine  ;  and  value  of  skins  and  furs  $220,883. 

Iron  and  coal  have  been  found  in  this  state,  and  there  are  some  salt  springs,  and  Epsom  salts  are 
found  in  a  cave  near  Corydon  ;  but  the  mineral  productions  have  no  great  interest. 

The  climate  is  generally  healthy  and  pleasant ;  the  winters  are  mild  in  the  southern,  and  more 
severe  in  the  northern  parts. 

The  Ohio  river  washes  the  whole  southern  border  of  this  state,  and  furnishes  great  facilities 
for  trade.  The  Wabash  is  the  largest  river  in  this  state,  being  500  miles  in  length.  It  rises  in  Ohio, 
and  passes  westwardly  and  south westwardly  through  the  state,  when  it  forms  a  part  of  the  western 
boundary  for  120  miles,  and  enters  the  Ohio  30  miles  above  Cumberland  river.  It  is  navigable  for 
steamboats  to  La  Fayette,  300  miles,  a  part  of  the  year.  White  river,  its  largest  branch,  is  200  miles 
long,  and  is  navigable  in  its  w.  fork  for  steamboats  to  Indianapolis,  in  season  of  floods.  It  consists 
of  an  e.  fork  and  w.  fork,  which  unite  about  30  miles  above  its  junction  with  the  Wabash.  The 
White  Water  river  runs  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  state,  and  enters  the  Great  Miami  a  little  above 
its  mouth.  The  St.  Joseph's  river  enters  the  n.  part  of  the  state  from  Michigan,  and  after  a  course 
of  40  miles,  passes  through  Michigan  into  Michigan  lake.  Lake  Michigan  touches  this  state  in  its 
N.  w.  part. 

The  largest  place  in  the  state  is  New  Albany,  on  the  Ohio  river,  a  little  below  Louisville.  In- 
dianapolis, Madison,  and  Evansville,  are  flourishing  places.  Vincennes,  Terre  Haute,  La  Fayette, 
Logansport,  and  Fort  Wayne,  are  growing  centres  of  trade  in  the  interior. 

There  were  in  the  state  in  1840,  11  commercial  and  26  commission  houses  engaged  in  foreign 
trade,  with  a  capital  of  $1,207,400;  1,801  retail  drygoods  and  other  stores,  with  a  capital  of 
$5,664,687  :  767  persons  employed  in  the  lumber  trade,  with  a  capital  of  $90,374  ;  2,705  persons 
engaged  in  internal  transportation,  who,  with  237  butchers,  packers,  &c,  employed  a  capital  of 
$582,165. 

The  amount  of  home-made  or  family  manufactures,  was  $1,289,802.  There  were  24  fulling  mills, 
and  37  woollen  manufactories,  employing  103  persons,  producing  goods  to  the  amount  of  $58,867, 
and  employing  a  capital  of  $77,954  ;  12  cotton  manufactories,  with  4,983  spindles,  employing  210 
persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $135,400,  with  a  capital  of  $142,500  ;  7  furnaces,  pro- 
ducing 810  tons  of  cast  iron,  and  1  forge,  producing  20  tons  of  bar  iron,  employing  103  persons,  and  a 
cap.  of  $57,700  ;  47  persons  produced  242,040  bushels  of  bituminous  coal,  with  a  capital  of  $9,300  ;  3 
paper  manufactories,  producing  to  the  amount  of  $86,457,  and  other  manufactures  of  paper  producing 
to  the  amount  of  $54,000,  the  whole  employing  100  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $68,739 ;  26 1  persons  man- 
ufactured flax  to  the  amount  of  $6,851 ;  88  persons  manufactured  tobacco  to  the  amount  of  $65,659, 
with  a  capital  of  $24,706  ;  hats  and  caps  were  manufactured  to  the  amount  of  $122,844,  and  straw 
bonnets  to  the  amount  of  $2,048,  the  whole  employing  183  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $69,018  ;  428 
tanneries  employed  978  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $399,627 ;  579  other  manufactories  of  leather,  as 


IND 295 IND 

saddleries,  &c,  produced  articles  to  the  amount  of  $739,001,  and  employed  a  capital  of  $247,549; 
45  potteries  employed  79  persons,  produced  articles  to  the  amount  of  $35,^35,  with  a  capital  of 
$13,685  ;  26  persons  produced  drugs  and  paints  to  the  amount  of  $47,720,  with  a  capital  of  $17,984  ; 
120  persons  produced  machinery  to  the  amount  of  $123,808  ;  83  persons  produced  hardware  and 
cutlery  to  the  amount  of  $34,263 ;  47  persons  manufactured  885  small-arms  ;  2  persons  manufac- 
tured the  precious  metals  to  the  amount  of  $3,500  ;  28  persons  manufactured  granite  and  marble  to 
the  amount  of  $6,720;  1,007  persons  produced  bricks  and  lime  to  the  amount  of  $206,751,  with  a 
capital  of  $140,469  ;  30  persons  made  1,135,560  pounds  of  soap,  228,938  pounds  of  tallow  candles, 
111  pounds  of  wax  and  spermaceti  candles,  with  a  capital  of  $13,039;  323  distilleries  produced 
1,787,108  gallons,  20  breweries,  produced  188,392  gallons,  the  whole  employing  500  persons,  and  a 
capital  of  $292,316  ;  5  rope  walks,  employing  11  persons,  produced  cordage  to  the  amount  of  $5,850, 
with  a  capital  of  $2,270 ;  481  persons  manufactured  carriages  and  wagons  to  the  amount  of 
$163,135,  with  a  capital  of  $78,116  ;  204  flouring  mills  manufactured  224,624  barrels  of  flour,  and 
with  other  mills,  employed  2,224  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $2,329,134,  and  em- 
ploying a  capital  of  $2,077,018 ;  vessels  were  built  to  the  amount  of  $107,223;  564  persons  pro- 
duced furniture  to  the  amount  of  $211,481,  with  a  capital  of  $91,022;  346  brick  or  stone  houses, 
and  4,270  wooden  houses,  employed  5,519  persons,  and  cost  $1,241,312;  69  printing  offices,  6  bind- 
eries, 4  semi- weekly,  and  69  weekly  newspapers,  and  3  periodicals,  employed  211  persons,  and 
a  capital  of  $5S,505.    The  whole  amount  of  capital  employed  in  manufactures  was  $4,132,043. 

Indiana  College,  at  Bloomington,  was  founded  in  1827 ;  South  Hanover  College,  at  South  Han- 
over, was  founded  in  1829 ;  Wabash  College,  at  Crawfordsville,  was  founded  in  1833  ;  the  Indiana 
Asbury  University,  under  the  Methodists,  was  founded  in  1839.  In  these  institutions  there  were 
in  1840,  322  students.  There  were  in  the  state  54  academies,  with  2,946  students ;  and  1,521 
common  and  primary  schools,  with  48,189  scholars.  Of  white  persons  over  20  years  of  age,  38,100 
could  neither  read  nor  write. 

In  1836,  the  Baptists  had  334  churches,  and  218  ministers ;  the  Presbyterians  had  109  churches 
and  70  ministers  ;  the  Methodists  about  70  preachers.  The  Lutherans  in  1840,  had  30  congrega- 
tions, and  8  ministers.  Besides  these  there  is  a  considerable  number  of  Friends,  and  some  Epis- 
copalians, Roman  Catholics,  and  some  Presbyterians,  Methodists,  and  Baptists  of  different 
descriptions. 

In  the  commencement  of  1840,  there  was  one  bank,  with  12  branches,  in  the  state,  with  a  capital 
of  $2,595,221  and  a  circulation  of  $2,985,370.  At  the  close  of  1840,  the  state  debt  amounted  to 
$13667,433. 

The  governor  is  elected  by  the  people  for  3  years,  and  may  be  once  re-elected.  At  every  elec- 
tion of  governor,  a  lieutenant-governor  is  elected,  who  is  president  of  the  senate,  and  who  discharges 
the  duty  of  the  governor  in  case  of  his  death,  resignation,  or  removal. 

The  senators  and  representatives  are  apportioned  among  the  counties  according  to  the  number 
of  white  male  inhabitants  over  21  years  of  age.  There  can  never  be  fewer  than  36  nor  over  100' 
representatives  ;  and  the  number  of  senators  can  never  be  less  than  one  third,  nor  more  than  one 
half  the  number  of  representatives.  The  representatives,  and  one  third  of  the  senators,  are  elected 
annually  by  the  people.  The  legislature  meets  annually  at  Indianapolis,  in  December.  The 
judges  of  the  supreme  and  circuit  courts  are  appointed  for  the  term  of  7  years.  The  judges  of  the 
supreme  court  are  appointed  by  the  governor,  with  the  consent  of  the  senate ;  the  chief  justices  of 
the  circuit  courts  by  the  legislature  ;  and  the  associate  judges  by  the  people.  The  right  of  suffrage 
is  enjoyed  by  all  male  inhabitants,  over  21  years  of  age,  who  have  resided  in  the  state  one  year 
immediately  preceding  the  election. 

The  greatest  work  of  internal  improvement  undertaken  by  this  state,  is  the  Wabash  and  Erie 
canal,  which  extends  from  Lafayette,  on  the  Wabash,  187  miles  to  Lake  Erie,  at  Toledo,  on  the 
Maumee  bay ;  87£  miles  of  it  being  in  Ohio,  and  99#  in  Indiana.  The  Whitewater  canal  extends 
from  Lawrenceburg,  30  miles  to  Brookville.  This  canal,  when  completed,  will  connect  Cambridge, 
on  the  national  road,  with  the  Ohio  river,  the  entire  length  being  76  miles,  at  an  estimated  cost  of 
$1,400,000.  The  Central  canal  is  designed  to  connect  the  Wabash  and  Erie  canal  at  Peru,  with 
the  Ohio  river  at  Evansville,  passing  through  Indianapolis.  The  entire  length  will  be  290  miles, 
and  the  estimated  cost  $3,500,000.  Parts  of  this  work  have  been  completed.  Terre  Haute  and 
Eel  River  canal  will  connect  Terre  Haute,  the  southern  termination  of  the  Wabash  and  Erie  canal, 
with  the  Central  canal  in  Greene  county,  at  a  distance  of  40i  miles,  and  an  estimated  expense  of 
$629,631.  This  work  is  not  completed.  The  Madison  and  Indianapolis  railroad  extends  from 
Madison,  on  the  Ohio  river,  95  miles  to  Indianapolis.  It  is  nearly  completed.  Several  other  canals 
and  railroads  have  been  projected. 

In  1730,  the  French  made  a  settlement  at  Vincennes,  when  they  were  attempting  to  extend  their 
posts  from  Canada  to  Louisiana.  At  the  peace  between  France  and  England,  in  1763,  this  country 
came  into  possession  of  the  English,  who,  however,  made  no  attempt  to  settle  it  until  after  the  revo- 
lutionary war.    In  1787,  the  United  States  took  possession  of  Vincennes,  and  erected  a  fort  on  the 


IND 


296 


IND 


opposite  bank  of  the  river,  as  a  defence  against  the  natives.  The  inhabitants  at  this  period  consisted 
of  French,  of  Canadians,  and  of  Indians.  In  1801,  this  region  constituted  a  part  of  the  Northwest 
Territory,  and  a  territorial  government  was  established  over  it.  About  3  years  after,  a  considerable 
portion  of  the  territory  was  purchased  of  the  Indians.  This  country  suffered  much  from  the  In- 
dians  and  British,  during  the  last  war  with  Great  Britain  ;  but  they  were  defeated  at  the  battle  of 
Tippecanoe  by  the  Americans,  under  Gen.  W.  H.  Harrison.  In  the  year  1816,  Indiana  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Union,  since  which  time,  its  progress  has  been  rapid  in  population  and  improvement. 


Indiana,  county,  Pa.  Situated  centrally  to- 
ward the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  770 
sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  hilly.  Coal  and  salt  are 
abundant,  and  some  iron  ore  is  found.  The  soil 
is  loam  mixed  with  sand,  gravel,  and  clay,  and  in 
many  parts  very  fertile.  Drained  by  the  head 
waters  of  the  w.  branch  of  Susquehanna  r.,  and 
by  branches  of  Connemaugh  r.  Capital,  India- 
na. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  18,199, 
sheep  35,894,  swine  24,377  ;  wheat  195,254  bush, 
produced,  rye  78,021,  Ind.  corn  171,018,  buck- 
wheat 80,806,  oats  356,046,  potatoes  103,807,  su- 
gar 12,282  pounds,  bituminous  coal  483,280  bush., 
salt  70,890 ;  3  commission  houses,  cap.  $7,500 ; 
69  stores,  cap.  $171,116;  1  furnace,  1  forge,  5 
fulling  m.,  5  woollen  fac,  26  tanneries,  7  distille- 
ries, 3  potteries,  3  flouring  m.,  51  grist  m.,  74  saw 
m.,  3  printing  offices,  3  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $119,474.  2  acad.  55  students, 
23  sch.  1,413  scholars.     Pop.  20,782. 

Indiana,  p-b.,  capital  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  155 
w.  N.  w.  Harrisburg,  208  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house  of  brick,  jail,  4  churches— 2  Presbyterian 

1  Lutheran,  and  1  Methodist— an  academy,  1  fe 
male  seminary,  124  dwellings,  and  674  inhabit- 
ants. Organized  in  1805.  It  has  14  stores,  cap. 
$37,000  ;  1  brewery,  1  pottery,  2  printing  offices, 

2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,787. 
1  acad.  22  students,   1  sch.  70  scholars. 

Indiana,  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  10  n.  e.  Pitts- 
burg. The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  loam.  Drained 
by  Long,  Deer,  Squaw,  and  Pine  creeks.  It  has 
5  stores,  cap.  $8,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac, 
1  forge,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,000.  12 
sch.  480  scholars.    Pop.  2,697. 

Indianapolis,  p-v.,  capital  of  Marion  co.,  and 
of  the  state  of  Indiana,     situated  in  Centre  t,  on 
the  E.  side  of  White  r.,  which  is  navigable  to  this 
place,  in  time  of  high  water.     It  contains  a  state 
house,  governor's   house,   court  house,  a  U.  S. 
land  office,  6  churches— 2  Baptist,  1  Episcopal, 
1  Lutheran,  1  Presbyterian,  and  1  Methodist,  a 
female  institute,  a  countv  seminary,  a  steam  flour- 
ing and  saw  m.,  and  2,692  inhabitants.    The  na- 
tional road  passes  through  the  place ;  and  the 
most  important  roads  in  the  state  centre    here. 
The    place    was  originally  laid   out  on  a  mile 
square,  with  streets  crossing  each  other  at  right 
angles,  and  additions  have  been  made  to  it  on  the 
different  sides.    In  the  centre,  is  a  circular  area 
of  several  acres,  from  which  4  streets  diverge, 
crossing  the  other  streets   diagonally.      In   the 
centre    of  the    circular  area   was    originally   a 
mound,  on  which  stands  the  governor's  house, 
in  a  very  commanding  situation,  with  a  circular 
street  around  it,  80  feet  wide.    The  state  house 
is  a  fine  building,  180  feet  long,  by  80  feet  wide, 
and  45  feet  high  from  the  ground  to  the  cornice, 
with  an  appropriate  dome.    It  is  after  the  model 
of  the  Parthenon  at  Athens.    A  bridge  crosses 
White  r.  here,  which  cost  $25,000.    There  were 
in  Centre  t.  in   1840,  30  stores,  cap.  $92,600 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  1  cotton  fac.  500  sp.,  2  tanneries,  1 
brewery,  2  printing  offices,  2  binderies,  2  weekly 
and  1  semi-weekly  newspapers,  1  flouring  m.,  4 
grist  ra.,  9  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.    Cap.  in  manufac 
$31,630;     3  sch.    78  scholars.    Pop.  1,452. 


Indian  Creek,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Va.,  241  w. 
Richmond,  278  W.     It  has  2  sch.  42  scholars. 

P°P- 572-  ™  ™ 

Indian  Creek,  p-o.,  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  92  s. 

Nashville,  737  W. 

Indian  Creek,  p-o.,  Gallatin  co.,  111.,  176  s.  s. 
E.Springfield,  787 W. 

Indian  Creek,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Mo.,  91  N. 
Jefferson  city,  931  W. 

Indian  Fields,  p-o.,  Colleton  dist.,  S.  C,  82  s. 
Columbia,  5S8  W. 

Indian  Key,  p-v.,  Dade  co.,  Florida.  It  is  1 
m.  s.  of  New  Matacumbe,  75  s.  w.  Cape  Florida, 
75  n.  e.  Key  West.  It  contains  about  7  acres, 
the  whole  a  Madrepore  rock.  Much  of  it  is  im- 
proved as  a  garden,  being  covered  with  a  bed  of 
mold,  drawn  up  from  the  channel.  It  contains 
several  dwellings,  a  superb  hotel,  and  several 
large  stores,  supported  by  the  wrecking  business. 
The  climate  is  healthy  and  pleasant,  and  it  is  be- 
coming a  fashionable  place  of  resort  by  invalids 
from  the  N. 

Indian  Lake,  N.  Y.,  lies  in  Hamilton  co.,  sur- 
rounded by  a  wild  and  mountainous  region,  the 
peaks  of  which  are  from  1,500  to  2,000  feet  above 
the  surrounding  country.  It  is  4  ms.  long  and 
1  wide,  and  abounds  with  various  kinds  of 
fish.  „  ,      T 

Indian  River,  hundred,  Sussex  co.,  Del.    It 
has  4  stores,  cap.  $1,750  ;  4  grist  m.     Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $3,825.    4  sch.  135  scholars.    Pop.  1,755. 
ndian  River,  p-o.,  Watson  t.,  Lewis  co.,  N. 
Y.,  155  n.  w.  Albany,  454  W. 

Indian,  r.,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Lewis  co.,  and  passes 
through  Jefferson  co.  into  St.  Lawrence  co., 
where  it  enters  Black  lake,  through  which  it 
flows  into  the  Oswegatchie  r.,  and  thence  into 
the  St.  Lawrence. 

Indian,  r.,  Flor.,  is  a  vast  lagoon.  Its  length, 
from  its  head  branches  to  Juniper  Narrows,  is 
about  100  ms.  In  some  places  it  is  4  ms.  wide  ; 
in  others,  not  50  yards.  In  some  extensive 
reaches,  it  would  float  a  frigate  ;  at  others,  6  feet 
of  water  can  scarcely  be  found  across  the  chan- 
nel. The  depth  of  water  greatly  varies  at  dif- 
ferent seasons,  being  greatest  when  the  southern 
inlets  are  closed,  before  it  acquires  sufficient 
force  to  open  them.  It  is  on  the  e.  side  of  the 
peninsula,  running  nearly  parallel  with  the 
coast. 

Indian,  r.,  N.  H.,  one  of  the  head  branches  of 
Connecticut  r.,  which  it  enters  a  little  above  the 
45°  of  n.  lat.  after  a  s.  w.  course  of  30  ms. 

Indian  Springs,  p-v.,  Butts  co.,  Ga.,  52  w. 
Milledgevilie,  659  W.  Situated  10  ms.  w.  of 
Ocmulgee  r.,  in  the  fork  of  2  creeks,  tributaries 
of  the  Ocmulgee.  The  waters  are  sulphurous, 
and  efficacious  in  rheumatic  and  cutaneous  com- 
plaints. It  is  the  most  fashionable  watering 
place  in  the  state,  having  a  large  hotel,  capable 
of  accommodating  100  persons,  besides  30  or  40 
small  buildings  for  families. 

Indian  Stream,  t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H.  It  has  2 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manuiac.  $2,o50  ;  3 
sch.  75  scholars.     Pop.  315. 

Indian  Tavern,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  Tenn.,  160 
e.  Nashville,  552  W. 


IND 297 JND 

INDIAN  OJt  WESTERN  TERRITORY. 

Thk  Indian  Territory  is  a  tract  of  country  west  of  the  settled  portions  of  the  United  States, 
which  has  been  set  apart  by  the  general  government,  for  the  permanent  residence  of  those  Indian 
tribes  that  have  been  removed,  chiefly  from  the  southwestern  states  of  the  Union.  Here  they 
are  to  be  secured  in  governments  of  their  own  choice,  subject  to  no  other  control  from  the  United 
States,  than  such  as  may  be  necessary  to  preserve  peace  on  the  frontier,  and  between  the  several 
tribes.  It  is  about  600  miles  long  from  s.  to  n.,  and  from  300  to  600  miles  in  breadth,  from  e.  to  w. 
It  has  the  Platte  river  on  the  n.,  the  states  of  Missouri  and  Arkansas  on  the  e.,  the  Red  river  on 
the  s.,  and  a  desert  country  on  the  w.  This  country  contains,  within  the  habitable  district,  an  area 
of  120,000  square  miles,  or  76,800,000  acres.  The  number  of  the  different  tribes  now  occupying 
this  territory,  is  about  70,000,  exclusive  of  the  wild  tribes  of  the  prairies.  The  country,  for  about 
100  miles  west  of  the  eastern  boundary,  is  in  general  fertile,  moderately  elevated,  and  gently  un- 
dulating, but  not  hilly,  except  in  the  southeastern  parts,  where  it  is  traversed  by  several  ranges 
of  hilly  and  elevated  lands.  The  principal  rivers  are  Red  river,  Canadian,  Arkansas,  Neosho, 
Kansas,  and  Platte  rivers,  with  their  tributaries.  The  largest  of  these  rivers  rise  in  the  Rocky 
mountains,  and  flow  e.  into  the  Missouri  and  the  Mississippi.  A  considerable  portion  of  the 
country  is  prairie,  but  the  margins  of  the  streams  are  generally  covered  with  wood.  Red  river 
and  the  Arkansas  are  navigable  at  certain  seasons  to  within  the  Indian  territory  by  steamboats, 
and  the  Kansas  by  boats.  The  climate  of  this  region  is  generally  healthy,  rather  cold  in  the  win- 
ter, in  the  northern  part,  as  it  is  exposed  to  an  extensive  sweep  of  the  west  winds,  over  the  vast 
plains,  from  the  mountainous  region  ;  but  in  the  southern  part,  the  winters  are  mild.  All  the  pro- 
ductions of  the  United  States,  of  the  same  latitude,  can  be  here  raised  ;  and  the  grass  on  the  prairies 
is  particularly  favorable  to  the  raising  of  cattle.  The  country  contains  coal,  some  lead  and  iron  ore, 
and  many  saline  springs,  from  which  a  great  amount  of  salt  could  be  manufactured.  Although 
the  Indians  felt  a  reluctance  to  removal,  as  it  was  natural  they  should  regret  leaving  the  scenery 
of  their  childhood  and  the  graves  of  their  fathers,  yet  it  will  be  their  own  fault,  if  they  do  not  bet- 
ter their  condition  by  their  change  of  residence.  To  break  up  the  establishments  of  incipient 
civilization,  and  to  commence  anew,  was  in  itself  a  great  evil ;  but  removed  from  the  demoralizing 
influence  of  profligate  white  men,  they  are  favorably  situated  for  carrying  on  the  work  which  they 
had  successfully  begun. 

The  Chickasaws  and  Choctaws,  who  were  kindred  tribes  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Mississippi, 
dwell  together  in  the  same  territory  in  the  w.  Their  country  is  bounded  north  by  the  Canadian 
and  Arkansas  rivers,  e.  by  the  state  of  Arkansas,  s.  by  the  Red  river,  and  w.  by  the  western  ter- 
ritory of  the  United  States.  Their  country  is  about  200  miles  long,  and  150  broad.  The  Choc- 
taws are  extensively  engaged  in  agriculture,  and  have  good  houses  and  well  fenced  fields.  They 
raise  large  quantities  of  Indian  com  ;  and  in  the  southern  part,  considerable  cotton.  They  have  7 
cotton  gins,  and  several  grist  and  saw  mills  have  been  erected  on  Red  river  and  other  streams  ; 
and  they  raise  large  stocks  of  cattle,  horses,  sheep,  and  swine.  They  are  governed  by  a  written 
constitution  and  laws.  The  nation  is  divided  into  4  districts,  each  of  which  elects  a  chief  every  4 
years.  The  general  council,  consisting  of  40  members,  meets  on  the  first  Monday  of  October 
annually,  and  is  chosen  by  the  qualified  voters  of  each  district.  The  council  passes  all  laws,  and 
the  chiefs  have  a  veto  power,  which  can  be  overruled  by  a  vote  of  the  council,  of  two  thirds. 
When  the  council  assembles,  a  speaker  is  chosen,  and  clerks  are  appointed  to  record  the  proceed- 
ings, and  the  speaker  is  addressed,  and  the  business  transacted  with  the  customary  forms  of  legis- 
lative proceedings.  The  council  generally  continues  in  session  about  two  weeks,  and  the  mem- 
bers are  paid  from  the  funds  of  the  nation,  2  dollars  a  day.  They  have  a  large  and  commodious 
council  house.  The  nation  is  divided  into  judicial  district*,  and  a  trial  by  jury  and  appeal  to  the 
highest  judicial  tribunal  are  allowed.  There  is  no  enforcement  of  the  payment  of  debts ;  but  this 
is  left  to  their  honor,  which  is  generally  sufficient.  The  military  department  of  the  nation  is 
intrusted  to  a  general,  elected  by  the  people,  with  32  captains  in  each  district.  Spinning  and 
weaving  are  carried  on  in  many  parts  of  the  nation  ;  blacksmiths  are  furnished  by  the  United  States, 
by  treaty  stipulations,— many  of  the  principals,  and  all  the  assistants,  belonging  to  the  nation. 
The  Choctaws  may  be  regarded  as  among  the  most  intelligent  of  the  Indian  tribes ;  and  it  is  their 
boast,  that  they  never  shed  the  blood  of  an  American  in  war,  but  have  often  entered  the  military 
service  of  the  United  States.  Such  a  tribe  may  well  be  regarded  as  an  important  barrier  on  the 
western  frontier. 

The  Chickasaws  have  settled  promiscuously  among  the  Choctaws  ;  and  by  an  agreement  be- 
tween the  tribes,  the  Chickasaws  were  to  have  the  privilege  of  forming  a  district  within  the 
Choctaw  nation,  governed  by  the  same  laws,  and  now  form  the  fourth  district,  with  a  proportional 
representation  in  the  national  council.  They  receive  their  annuity  separately.  The  American 
Board  of  Foreign  Missions  have  5  stations,  4  missionaries,  and  10  assistants  among  the  tribes  ;  the 
Baptists  have  1  station,  the  Methodists  1  station,  and  the  Presbyterians  have  4  stations. 


IND 298 IND 

The  Creeks  inhabit  a  country  bounded  on  the  n.  and  e.  by  that  of  the  Cherokees ;  and  s.  by  that 
of  the  Choctaws  and  Chickasaws,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Canadian  river.  Their  coun- 
try is  fertile,  producing  Indian  corn,  beans,  potatoes,  rice,  wheat,  pumpkins,  melons,  &c.  Indian 
corn  is  their  principal  crop,  and  they  furnish  large  quantities  to  the  garrison  at  Fort  Gibson  ;  and 
as  they  are  industrious,  they  have  supplied  themselves  with  comfortable  houses,  productive  gardens 
and  orchards,  and  well  tilled  fields.  They  generally  associate  in  towns,  and  cultivate  their  lands 
in  common.  The  government  of  the  United  States  has  furnished  them  with  a  stock  of  animals, 
according  to  treaty  stipulations,  consisting  of  cattle  and  hogs,  and  they  will  be  able  hereafter  to 
supply  themselves.  Blacksmiths,  wheelwrights,  and  wagon  makers,  are  furnished  by  treaty. 
Their  country  is  not  so  well  watered  or  healthy  as  that  of  their  neighbors,  but  is  equally  productive. 
The  western  winds  from  the  prairies  are  cold  in  winter,  and  they  sometimes  suffer  from  drought  in 
summer.  They  have  elected  a  principal  chief,  and  are  engaged  in  building  a  council  house, 
where  representatives  of  the  whole  people  will  meet  annually  to  pass  laws.  The  Baptists  have  2 
missionary  stations,  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  1,  and  the  Methodists  1,  among  the  Creeks. 

The  Seminoles  are  considered  a  constituent  part  of  the  Creek  nation,  speaking  the  same  lan- 
guage, and  many  of  them  are  the  same  people.  They  are  by  agreement  located  with  the  Creeks, 
between  the  Arkansas  and  the  Deep  Fork  of  the  Canadian  river,  above  the  Cherokee  settlement. 
They  have  made  some  improvements,  and  raised  some  corn  ;  but  in  general,  are  averse  to  labor. 
They  have  a  blacksmith,  under  treaty  stipulations.  They  are  so  well  satisfied  with  their  country, 
that  they  are  anxious  that  their  brethren  who  remain  in  Florida,  and  have  been  maintaining  a 
hopeless  contest  with  the  United  States,  may  be  induced  to  join  them.  The  slaves  that  they  have 
been  permitted  to  bring  into  the  country,  have  been  an  occasion  of  difficulty. 

The  country  assigned  to  the  Cherokees,  is  n.  and  e.  of  that  assigned  to  the  Creeks.  They 
have  advanced  further  in  civilization  than  the  other  tribes.  They  have  a  fine  agricultural  country, 
comfortable  houses,  and  well  cultivated  farms,  producing  in  abundance  the  necessaries  of  life ;  and 
they  raise  large  stocks  of  cattle  and  many  fine  horses,  for  which  their  extensive  prairies  enable 
them  abundantly  to  provide.  They  have  but  few  mills,  as  their  streams,  at  certain  seasons,  fail 
Salt  springs  exist,  and  salt  is  extensively  manufactured.  The  Cherokees  are  governed  by  written 
laws  :  they  select  annually,  members  to  the  general  council,  which  meets  on  the  first  Monday  in 
October  annually  ;  they  have  two  branches,  consisting  of  an  upper  and  lower  house.  A  speaker 
and  clerk  are  elected,  and  the  usual  forms  in  legislative  bodies  are  observed.  Courts  are  held 
throughout  the  nation,  which  is  laid  out  in  judicial  districts.  They  have  sheriffs,  and  other  officers, 
and  collect  debts  in  the  customary  way,  reserving  certain  property,  such  as  a  bed,  a  work  horse,  a 
cow,  &c.  from  execution.  They  to  a  considerable  extent,  manufacture  their  own  clothing,  dress 
in  the  English  mode,  and  speak  the  English  language.  They  have  blacksmiths,  wheelwrights,  and 
wagon  makers,  furnished  by  the  government,  and  a  large  sum  vested  by  the  United  States,  from 
which  they  receive  a  handsome  annuity,  the  result  of  the  sale  of  their  lands  e.  of  the  Mississippi, 
and  applied  to  the  advancement  of  their  improvement.  The  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  have  5 
stations,  4  missionaries,  and  other  assistants,  making  the  whole  number  24.  They  have  also  a 
printing  press.    The  United  Brethern  have  also  a  mission  among  them. 

The  Osages  are  an  indigenous  tribe,  occupying  a  territory  n.  of  the  Cherokees.  The  United 
States  have  labored,  by  supplying  them  with  agricultural  implements,  and  stock  animals,  and 
erecting  mills,  and  supplying  blacksmiths,  to  persuade  them  to  a  settled  life,  and  to  industrious 
habits,  which  would  secure  in  abundance,  in  their  fertile  country,  the  comforts  of  life.  But  they  are 
averse  to  these  things,  and,  in  general,  prefer  their  wandering  habits  ;  and  as  the  buffaloes  are  re- 
treating to  the  west  of  their  lands,  they  frequently  kill  the  cattle  of  their  neighbors.  A  few  of 
these,  however,  are  of  a  different  mind  ;  and  their  industry,  and  the  comforts  which  it  will  secure, 
may  persuade  their  brethern  to  follow  their  example.  The  Osages  are  among  the  least  civilized 
of  the  Indians  in  the  territory,  and  are  not  inclined  to  education. 

The  Shawnees  occupy  the  country  between  the  Osage  and  Kansas  rivers,  and  are  an  industrious, 
frugal,  and  agricultural  people,  and  have  good  farms,  producing  in  abundance,  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  and  a  variety  of  culinary  vegetables  ;  and  they  raise  stocks  of  horses,  cattle,  and  hogs.  They 
have  a  blacksmith,  furnished  by  treaty  stipulation,  and  a  grist  and  saw  mill.  The  Senecas  are 
mingled  with  them.  The  Methodists  and  Baptists  have  missionary  stations  among  them,  and  the 
latter  have  a  printing  press. 

West  of  the  Missouri,  and  n.  of  the  Shawnees,  are  the  Delawares.  They  resemble  the 
Shawnees,  and  have  Methodist  and  Baptist  missions  among  them. 

The  Kansas  are  an  indigenous  tribe  between  the  Shawnees  and  the  Delawares ;  and  like  the 
generality  of  those  tribes,  are  indolent  and  poor. 

The  Pawnees,  the  Omaha ws,  and  the  Ottoes,  who  inhabit  the  country  about  the  Platte  river, 
are  native  tribes,  who  retain  much  of  their  original  habits,  and  are  little  advanced  in  civilization, 
but  are  beginning  to  desire  it.     The  Baptists  and  Methodists  have  missionary  stations  among  them. 


TND 


299 


TND 


INDIANS 

In  the  Territory  of  the  United  States,  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

TABLE  SHOWING  THE  NUMBER  AND  CONDITION  OF  THE  SEVERAL  TRIBES, 

Nov.  25th,  1841 


NAMES  OF  TRIBES. 


Appachees, 

Arickarees, 

Arrapahas, 

Assinaboins, 

Blackfeet, 

Caddoes,  

Camanches, 

Cherokees, 

Cheyenes,         ........ 

Chickasaws,     ■ 

Chippewas,    Ottowas,  and  Pottawatomies,  and  Potta- 

watomies  of  Indiana, 

Choctaws, 

Creeks, 

Crees, 

Crows, . 

Delawares, 

Eutaws, 

Florida  Indians,* 

Foxes, 

Gros  Ventres, 

Iowas, 

Kansas, 

Kickapoos, 

Kioways, 

Mandans,t 

Miaraies,  ........ 

Minatarees, 

Menomonies, 

Omahas,  

Ottowas  and  Chippewas, 

Ottowas  and  Chippewas  of  the  Lakes,     . 

Ottowas  of  Maumee, 

Ottoes  and  Missourias, 

Osages,     .  

Pagans, 

Pawnees, 

Peorias  and  Kaskaskias, 

Piankeshaws,  

Poncas,  

Quapaws, 

Sacs,         .        . 

Sacs  of  the  Missouri, 

Senecas  and  Shawnees, 

Senecas  from  Sandusky, 

Shawnees, 

Sioux, 

Stockbridges  and  Munsees,  Delawares  and  Munsees, 
Swan  Creek  and  Black  river  Chippewas, 

Weas, 

Winnebagoes,  

Wyandots  of  Ohio,  

New  York  Indians, 

Total,  342,058. 


Hi 

■583J 
Sjs! 

§§o 

a* 

20,280 
2,750 
3,000 

15,000 

30,000 
2,000 

19,200 

3,200 


3,000 
7,200 

19,200 

1,600 

16,800 

1,500 

1,606 

1,800 


2,00) 
1,600 


1,000 

5,120 

30,000 

12,500 


900 

476 

4,800 

500 


21,600 


tit 

<u  rt  su 

ill 


228,632 


826 


588 


132 
162 


211 

251 

1,272 


225 
4,500 


{I 


Ill 


1,5 


fit 
sz 


25,911 

1,000 

4,600 

400 

5,297 

2,087 

15,177 
24,594 

3,323 
744 

3,192 


482 


ISO 


8,167        79,495 


575 


1100 

4,000 

5,026 

2,564 

92 


It 


575 
4,176 


25,764 


*  623  Florida  Indians  removed  since  25th  Nov.  1840.    9  died  on  the  journey.  , 

t  Destroyed  by  the  small-pox  in  1837.    The  few  left,  no  longer  exist  as  a  tribe,  but  have  become 
members  of  other  bands. 


IOW 


300 


IOW 


Indian  Town,  p-v.,  Currituck  co.,  JN.  C,  232 
E.  N.  k.  Raleigh,  280  W.  Situated  at  the  head 
of  North  r. 

Indian  Town,  p-v.,  Williamsburg  dist.,  S.  C, 
118  e.  s.  e.  Columbia,  480  W.  Situated  on  Ce- 
dar cr. 

Industry,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  34  n.  w. 
Augusta,  627  W.  Sandy  r.  runs  across  its  s.  E. 
part.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain,  with 
excellent  meadow  on  the  r.  Incorporated  in 
1803.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $5,200 ;  2  tanneries, 
3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,260. 
9  sch.  304  scholars.     Pop.  1,036. 

Industry,  p-v.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  234  w.  by  N. 
Harrisburg. 

Ineabar,  t,  Lafayette  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch. 
19  scholars.     Pop.  302. 

Ingham,  county,  Mich.  Centrally  situated 
toward  the  s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  560 
sq.  ms.  Organized  in  1838.  It  contains  Pine, 
Portage,  and  Swampy  lakes,  and  Red  Cedar,  Wil- 
low, Mud,  and  Sycamore  creeks.  The  surface 
is  generally  level,  and  the  soil  fertile.  The  prin- 
cipal timber  is  sugar  maple  and  beech.  Capital, 
Vevay.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,516, 
sheep  172,  swine  4,358  ;  wheat  23,127  bush,  pro- 
duced, Indian  corn  18,923,  oats  10,947,  potatoes 
24,951,  sugar  37,782  pounds ;  4  stores,  cap.  $4,800 ; 
1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$12,700.     13  sch.  267  scholars.     Pop.  2,498. 

Ingham,  p-t.,  Ingham  co.,  Mich.,  77  w.  Detroit, 
563  W. 

Ingles  Ferry,  p-v.,  Montgomery  co.,  Va.,  215 
w.  by  s.  Richmond,  283  W.  It  has  2  sch.  40 
scholars.    Pop.  273. 

Inland,  p-o.,  Starke  co.,  O.,  126  n.  e.  Colum- 
bus, 326  W. 

Inlet,  p-o.,  Jo-Daviess  co.,  111.,  174  n.  by  w. 
Springfield,  808  W. 


Intercourse,  p-v.,  Leacock  t.,  Lancaster  co., 
Pa.,  48  e.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  123  W.  It  contains 
10  or  12  dwellings. 

Intercouhse,  p-o.,  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  83  s.  w. 
Tuscaloosa,  901  W. 

Inverness,  p-o.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.,  146  n.  e. 
Columbus,  278  W. 

Iola,  p-v.,  Calhoun  co.,  Flor.,  58  s.  s.  w.  Tal- 
lahassee. Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  the  Appa- 
lachicola  r.  A  railroad  connects  it  with  St.  Jo- 
seph on  the  Gulf  coast,  distant  30  ms. 

Ionia,  county,  Mich.  Centrally  situated  to- 
ward the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  576 
sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  gently  undulating ;  soil, 
very  fertile.  Drained  by  Grand  r.  and  its  branch- 
es. Capital,  Ionia.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  1,866,  sheep  270,  swine  3,202 ;  wheat  32,382 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  14,784,  oats  16,965,  po- 
tatoes 23,500,  sugar  35,635  pounds  ;  6  stores,  cap. 
$26,000  ;  2  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$38,350.  8  schools,  290  scholars.  Population, 
1,923. 

Ionia,  p-t.,  capital  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich.,  136  w. 
N.  w.  Detroit,  623  W.  The  t.  is  on  both  sides 
of  Grand  r.,  by  which  and  its  tributaries  it  is  wa- 
tered. The  v.  is  situated  on  the  n.  side  of  Grand 
r.,  which  is  navigable  for  boats  to  this  place.  The 
county  buildings  are  about  being  erected.  It  con- 
tains 1  Episcopal  and  1  Baptist  church,  a  U.  S 
land  office,  several  stores,  60  dwellings,  and  about 
300  inhabitants.  The  t.  has  3  stores,  cap.  $18,200 ; 
1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$25,150.  2  schools,  140  scholars.  Population, 
486. 

Ionia,  v.,  Morgan  co.,  Mo.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Moreau  cr. 

Iosco,  t,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,200.  5  sch.  103  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  395. 


IOWA  TERRITORY. 

Iowa  Territory  is  bounded  on  the  n.  by  the  British  Territory  of  the  Hudson  Bay  Company , 
E.  by  Wisconsin  Territory  and  Illinois,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Mississippi  river,  and  a 
line  due  north  from  its  source  in  Itasca  lake  to  the  British  Possessions ;  s.  by  the  state  of  Mis- 
souri ;  and  w.  by  the  Missouri  river  to  the  entrance  of  White-earth  river,  and  following  this  n.  to 
the  British  Possessions.  It  lies  between  40°  30'  and  49°  n.  lat.,  and  between  90°  and  102°  w.  Ion., 
and  between  14°  and  26°  w.  Ion.  from  W.  It  is  about  600  miles  long,  and,  at  a  medium,  250  miles 
broad,  containing  about  150,000  square  miles,  or  96,000,000  acres.  To  a  considerable  portion  of  this 
territory  the  Indian  title  has  not  yet  been  extinguished.  The  population  in  1840  was  43,111.  Em- 
ployed in  agriculture,  10,469 ;  in  commerce,  355 ;  in  manufactures  and  trades,  1,629 ;  in  mining, 
217  ;  navigating  the  ocean,  rivers,  and  canals,  91 ;  learned  professions,  365. 

This  territory  is  divided  into  18  counties,  which,  with  their  population  in  1840,  and  their  capitals, 
were  as  follows:  Cedar,  1,253,  Tipton;  Clayton,  1,101,  Prairie  la  Porte;  Clinton,  821,  Co- 
manche; Delaware,  168,  Delaware  C.  H.;  Desmoines,  5,577,  Burlington;  Du  Buque,  3,059, 
Du  Buque;  Henry,  3,772,  Mt.  Pleasant;  Jackson,  1,411,  Bellevue;  Jefferson,  2,773,  Fairfield; 
Johnson,  1,491,  Iowa  City ;  Jones,  471,  Edinburg ;  Lee,  6,093,  Ft.  Madison ;  Linn,  1,373,  Marion ; 
Louisa,  1,927,  Wappello ;  Muscatine,  1,942,  Bloomington;  Scott,  2,140,  Davenport ;  Van  Buren, 
6,146,  Keosagua ;  Washington,  1,594,  Washington.  Iowa  City,  on  Iowa  river,  33  miles  w.  n.  w. 
of  Bloomington,  is  the  capital. 

The  face  of  the  country  is  moderately  uneven,  without  any  mountains  or  high  hills.  There  is  a 
tract  of  considerably  elevated  table  land,  which  extends  through  a  considerable  part  of  the  territory, 
dividing  the  waters  which  fall  into  the  Mississippi  from  those  which  fall  into  the  Missouri.  The 
margins  of  the  rivers  and  creeks,  extending  back  from  1  to  10  miles,  are  generally  covered  with 
timber,  and  back  of  this  the  country  is  an  open  prairie,  without  trees  ;  and  by  the  frequent  alterna- 
tions of  these  two  descriptions  of  land,  the  country  is  greatly  diversified.  The  prairies  cover  nearly 
three  fourths  of  the  surface  of  the  territory,  and,  although  they  are  destitute  of  trees,  present  a  great 
variety  in  other  respects.  Some  have  a  level,  and  others  a  rolling  surface  :  some  are  covered  with 
a  rich  coat  of  grass,  well  suited  for  grazing  ;  in  others,  this  is  interspersed  with  hazel  thickets  and 
sassafras  shrubs,  and,  in  the  proper  season,  superbly  decorated  with  beautiful  flowers     The  soil, 


IOW  301       IOW 

both  on  the  bottom  and  prairie  land,  is  generally  good,  consisting  of  a  deep  black  mold,  intermin- 
gled in  the  prairies  with  sandy  loam,  and  sometimes  with  a  red  clay  and  gravel.  The  agricul- 
tural productions  are  Indian  corn,  wheat,  rye,  oats,  buckwheat,  potatoes,  pumpkins,  melons,  and 
all  kinds  of  garden  vegetables.  The  soil  and  climate  are  favorable  to  the  cultivation  of  fruit ;  and 
crab-apples,  wild  plums,  strawberries,  and  grapes,  are  indigenous  and  abundant. 

The  agricultural  statistics  of  this  recently  settled  territory  in  1840,  give  a  favorable  view  of  its 
capabilities.  There  were  10,794  horses  and  mules;  38,049  neat  cattle;  15,354  sheep;  104,899 
swine  ;  poultry  to  the  value  of  $16,529.  There  were  produced  154,693  bushels  of  wheat ;  728  of 
barley;  216,3S5  of  oats  ;  3,792  of  rye;  6,212  of  buckwheat;  1,406,241  of  Indian  corn  ;  23,039  lbs. 
of  wool ;  2,132  of  wax ;  234,063  bushels  of  potatoes ;  17,953  tons  of  hay ;  313  of  hemp  and  flax ; 
8,076  pounds  of  tobacco  ;  41,450  of  sugar.  The  products  of  the  dairy  were  valued  at  $23,609 ;  of 
the  orchard,  $50 ;  of  lumber,  $50,280.    Value  of  skins  and  furs,  $33,594. 

The  climate,  excepting  some  low  bottom  lands  on  the  rivers  and  streams,  is  salubrious ;  the 
streams  are  not  sluggish,  and,  therefore,  their  borders  are  more  healthy  than  in  some  portions  of 
the  western  country.  Winter  commences  in  December,  and  ends  in  March;  the  weather  is 
variable,  and  sometimes  severe,  but  less  so  than  is  common  in  the  same  latitude.  Summer  is  not 
oppressively  hot,  and  is  refreshed  by  frequent  showers. 

A  portion  of  Iowa  is  exceedingly  rich  as  a  mineral  region.  The  great  lead  country  of  the  north- 
ern part  of  Illinois,  and  the  southern  part  of  Wisconsin,  crosses  the  Mississippi,  and  in  Iowa  com- 
prehends about  80  townships,  containing  2,880  square  miles.  It  borders  upon  the  Little  Makoqueta 
river,  about  12  miles  from  E.  to  w.,  and  extends  a  considerable  distance  s.,  and  still  further  n.  along 
the  Mississippi.  Zinc  and  iron  ore  also  abound  in  this  region ;  some  of  the  latter  is  magnetic. 
Limestone  is  abundant,  and  there  is  some  beautiful  marble. 

The  Mississippi  borders  this  territory  for  its  whole  length  on  the  e.,  and  is  navigable  in  time  of 
high  water  for  steamboats  to  the  mouth  of  St.  Peter's.  St.  Peter's  river  rises  near  the  sources  of 
Red  river,  and,  after  a  course  of  230  miles,  enters  the  Mississippi  9  miles  below  the  falls  of  St. 
Anthony.  The  Des  Moines  river  runs  in  the  southern  part  of  the  territory,  and,  forming  a  part  of 
its  s.  w.  boxindary,  enters  the  Mississippi.  In  high  water  it  is  navigable  for  steamboats  100  miles, 
and  for  keel-boats  at  all  times.  Checauque,  or  Skunk  river,  after  a  course  of  150  miles,  enters  the 
Mississippi.  Iowa  river  is  300  miles  long,  and  is  navigable  for  steamboats  12  miles  from  its  en- 
trance into  the  Mississippi,  and  for  keel-boats  to  Iowa  City.  Red  Cedar,  the  main  branch  of  the 
Iowa,  is  navigable  for  keel-boats,  in  high  water,  100  miles  above  its  junction.  The  Wapsipinecon  has 
a  winding  and  rapid  course  200  miles  to  its  entrance  into  the  Mississippi,  and  affords  much  good 
water  power.  The  Makoqueta  bounds  the  mineral  region  on  the  s.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi, 
furnishing  in  its  course  the  best  water  power  in  the  territory.  Turkey  river,  after  a  course  of  150 
miles,  enters  the  Mississippi.  It  is  not  navigable.  James  and  Sioux  rivers  enter  into  the  Missouri. 
Red  river,  which  rises  near  the  head  waters  of  the  Mississippi,  runs  northwardly  into  Lake  Winni- 
peg, and  finally  into  Hudson's  bay. 

Burlington,  on  the  Mississippi,  1,429  miles  above  New  Orleans,  is  a  place  of  much  trade.  Du 
Buque  is  the  metropolis  of  the  mineral  region.  Fort  Madison,  and  Bloomington,  and  Davenport,  on 
the  3Iississippi,  are  places  of  considerable  business ;  and  Iowa  City,  in  the  interior,  the  seat  of  gov- 
ernment, is  a  growing  place. 

There  were  in  1840,  14  commission  houses  engaged  in  foreign  trade,  with  a  capital  of  $92,300 ; 
157  retail  drygoods  and  other  stores,  with  a  capital  of  $437,550 ;  29  persons  were  employed  in  the 
lumber  trade,  with  a  capital  of  $16,250 ;  home-made,  or  family  manufactures,  were  produced  to 
the  amount  of  $25,966  ;  3  tanneries,  with  a  capital  of  $4,400 ;  2  distilleries,  cap.  $1,500 ;  6  flouring 
m.,  37  grist  m.,  75  saw  m.,  the  whole  employing  a  capital  of  $166,650 ;  14  brick  and  stone,  and  483 
wooden  houses,  were  built  at  an  expense  of  $135,987  ;  4  printing  offices,  and  4  weekly  newspapers, 
employed  a  capital  of  $5,700.    Total  capital  in  manufactures,  $199,645. 

The  University  of  Iowa,  at  Mt.  Pleasant,  in  Henry  county,  has  been  chartered  by  the  territorial 
legislature,  under  the  direction  of  21  trustees.  7  academies  have  been  incorporated.  In  1840,  1 
academy  was  in  operation,  with  25  students.  There  were  63  common  and  primary  schools,  with 
1,500  scholars. 

The  Methodists,  Baptists,  and  Presbyterians,  are  the  most  numerous  religious  denominations. 
There  are  some  Episcopalians,  Friends,  and  Roman  Catholics,  and  a  few  others. 

The  chief  Indian  tribes  of  this  region  are  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  the  Chippewas,  Ottawas,  and  Pot- 
tawatomies.    The  Sioux  also  inhabit  the  n.  part  of  the  territory. 

In  1838  Iowa  was  separated  from  Wisconsin,  and  has  since  had  a  distinct  territorial  government. 
The  governor  and  secretary  of  the  territory,  the  judges,  U.  S.  attorney  and  marshal,  are  appointed 
by  the  president  of  the  U.  S.,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  senate.  The  governor,  who  is 
also  superintendent  of  Indian  affairs,  is  appointed  for  3  years.  A  council,  or  senate,  of  13  members, 
and  a  house  of  representatives,  of  26  members,  are  elected  by  the  people  ;  the  former  once  in  2 
years,  the  latter  annually.    All  citizens  of  the  U.  S.,  over  21  years  of  age,  who  have  resided  in 


IRA 


302 


IRV 


the  territory  6  months  immediately  preceding  the  election,  have  the  right  of  suffrage.     Every  2 
years  the  people  elect  a  delegate  to  the  U.  S.  congress. 

In  1832  this  country  was  purchased  of  the  Indians,  and  in  1833  the  territory  began  to  be  settled 
by  white  emigrants.  Since  that  time  the  population  has  greatly  increased,  towns  have  been  built, 
and  improvement  has  rapidly  progressed. 


Iowa,  county,  Wis.  Situated  in  the  s.  w.  part 
of  the  ter.,  and  contains  1,300  sq.  ms.  In  the  n., 
several  small  streams  flow  into  the  Wisconsin  r., 
which  bounds  it  on  the  n.  Drained  in  the  s.  part 
by  Pekatonokee  and  Feve  rs.  It  has  some  fine 
prairies,  and  lead  and  copper  ore  are  abundant. 
Capital,  Mineral  Point.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  4,567,  sheep  583,  swine  7,618  ;  wheat  12,945 
bush,  produced,  Indian  corn  76,885,  barley  2,424, 
oats  147,782,  potatoes  49,382 ;  21  stores,  capital 
$32,100 ;  30  smelting  houses,  producing  8,909,000 
pounds  of  lead,  and  employing  128  persons,  with 
a  capital  of  $106,500;  1  distillery,  1  flouring  m., 
4  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $24,350.  15  sch. 
278  scholars.    Pop.  3,978. 

Iowa,  p-o.,  Perry  co.,  111.,  149  s.  Springfield, 
824  W. 

Iowa  City,  p-v.,  capital  of  Johnson  co.  and  of 
the  ter.  of  Iowa,  33  w.  n.  w.  Bloomington,  86  s.  s. 
w.  Du  Buque,  75  n.  by  w.  Burlington.  Situated 
on  the  E.  bank  of  Iowa  r.,  which  is  navigable  for 
boats  to  this  place  at  all  stages  of  the  water.  The 
water  of  the  r.  is  clear  and  pure,  the  banks  are 
high  and  dry,  and  the  neighborhood  furnishes 
fine  building  stone  and  excellent  timber.  This 
place  was  the  hunting  ground  of  the  Indian  until 
1839.  The  first  plateau  from  the  r.,  half  a  mile 
long  and  100  yards  wide,  is  devoted  to  a  public 
promenade.  The  second  elevation  is  about  12, 
and  the  third  about  30  feet,  above  the  promenade. 
Upon  the  brow  of  the  last  runs  Capitol-street,  120 
feet  wide,  and  is  met  at  right  angles  by  Iowa  ave- 
nue, of  equal  width.  The  Capitol,  on  Capitol-st., 
fronting  Iowa  avenue,  is  of  Grecian -Doric  archi- 
tecture, 120  feet  long  by  60  feet  wide,  and  2  sto- 
ries high  above  the  basement.  It  is  surmounted 
by  a  dome  resting  on  22  Corinthian  columns.  Its 
situation  is  commanding.  The  v.  has  a  church, 
11  stores  of  different  kinds,  150  dwellings,  and 
about  800  inhabitants. 

Iowaville,  p-o.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa. 
Ipswich,  p-t.,  port  of  entry,  and  one  of  the 
capitals  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  26  n.  e.  by  N.  Bos- 
ton, 466  W.    The  surface  is  uneven,  and  the  soil 
fertile.    Incorporated  in  1634.    Watered  by  Ips- 
wich r.    The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated  on  both 
sides  of  Ipswich  r.,    2  ms.  from  its  mouth,  over 
which  is  a  stone  bridge.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  a  bank  with  $100,000  capital,  4  churches— 2 
Congregational,  1  Unitarian,  and  1  Methodist — 
and  a  female  seminary,  incorporated  in  1828, 
which  has  been  long  celebrated,  particularly  for 
the  preparation  of  teachers.     The  r.  is  navigable 
to  this  place,  aad  a  number  of  vessels  are  engaged 
in  the  coasting  trade  and  the  fisheries.    The  falls, 
immediately  above  tidewater,  afford  extensive 
water  power.     Tonnage  1840,  3,739.     It  has  7 
stores,  cap.  $75,000  5  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $4,000  ; 
1  fulling  m.,  2  cotton  fac.  2,640  sp.,  4  tanneries. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $110,800.    2  acad.  90  students 
9  sch.  966  scholars.    Pop.  3,000. 

Ira,  p-t.,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  70  s.  s.  w.  Montpe- 
lier,  448  W.  Organized  in  1779.  The  surface  is 
mountainous ;  soil  well  adapted  to  grazing.  Water- 
ed by  Castleton  r.,  Ira  brook,  and  Furnace  brook, 
which  afford  good  water  power.  It  has  a  Baptist 
church,  2  saw  m.,  5  sch.  152  scholars.  Pop.  431. 
Ira,  p-t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y.,  169  w.  Albany, 
355  W.    The  surface  is  undulating ;  soil,  sandy 


loam,  and  generally  fertile.  The  v.  contains  1 
Presbyterian  church,  2  stores,  25  dwellings,  and 
about  150  inhabitants.  The  t.  has  5  stores,  cap. 
$16,000;  1  furnace,  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,800.  16  sch.  795  schol- 
Pop.  2,283 


Ira,  t.;  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  204. 
Irasburg,  p-t.,  capital  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  45  n. 
by  E.  Montpelier,  561  W.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating;  soil,  generally  fertile.  Watered  by  Black 
and  Barton  rs.  Named  from  Gen.  Ira  Allen,  its 
original  proprietor,  and  incorporated  in  1781.  The 
v.  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  1  or  2  stores,  and 
several  mechanic  shops.  The  t.  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$9,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $16,600.  10  sch.  371  schol- 
ars. Pop.  971. 
Irbyville,  p-o.,  De  Kalb  co.,  Ga. 
Iredell,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  toward  the 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  800  sq.  miles. 
Catawba  r.  runs  on  its  s.  w.  border.  Drained  by 
branches  of  South  Yadkin  r.  Capital,  Statesville. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  15,770,  sheep 
14,654,  swine  39,025 ;  wheat  109,444  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  6,419,  Ind.  corn  677,811,  oats  98,362, 
potatoes  22,539,  tobacco  30,454  pounds,  cotton 
1,511,719;  17  stores,  cap.  $63,850;  14  tanneries, 
150  distilleries,  26  flouring  m.,  34  grist  m.,  19  saw 
m.,  3  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $146,025.  2  acad. 
120  students,  1  sch.  25  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
11,930,  slaves  3,716,  free  colored  39 ;  total, 
15,685. 

Ireland,  p-o.,  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  101  w.  s. 
w.  Boston,  371  W. 

Irish  Ripple,  p-o.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  241  w. 
Harrisburg,  267  W  ^     . 

Iron  Creek,  p-o.,  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  57 
w.  Detroit,  521  W. 

Irondequoit,  p-t,  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y.,  5  n. 
Rochester,  223  w.  by  n.  Albany,  373  W.  The 
surface  is  generally  level ;  soil,  sandy  and  grav- 
elly loam.  Genesee  r.  bounds  it  on  the  w.,  and 
Irondequoit  bay  of  Lake  Ontario  on  the  e.  It  has 
Lake  Ontario  on  its  n.  border.  It  has  2  grist  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,200.  3  sch.  186  scholars. 
Pop.  1,252. 

Irondequoit,  cr.  and  bay,  N.  Y.  The  bay 
sets  up  from  Lake  Ontario,  6  miles  long  and  1 
wide.  The  cr.  enters  the  head  of  the  bay,  and 
affords  water  power. 

Iron  Furnace,  p-o.,  Scioto  co.,  O.,  105  s.  Co- 
lumbus. 
Iron  Works,  p-o.,  Cass  co.,  Ga. 
Iroquois,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  E.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  1,428  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Iroquois  r.,  and  its  branches,  Sugar  and  Spring 
creeks,  and  Kankakee  r.  A  large  proportion  of 
the  land  is  prairie,  and  much  of  it  is  fertile. 
Capital,  Montgomery.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  2,892,  sheep  2,453,  swine  7,805;  wheat 
15,684  bush,  produced,  Indian  corn  116,790,  oats 
41,428,  potatoes  8,281,  sugar  17,464  pounds ;  7 
stores,  cap.  $19,800 ;  1  tannery,  1  pottery,  2  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,700.  7  sch. 
110  scholars.    Pop.  1,695. 

Iroquois,  p-v.,  Iroquois  county,  ill.,  180  n.  e. 

Springfield,  682  W.    Situated  on  the  s.  side  of 

Iroquois  r.    It  contains  5  stores,  and  25  or  30 

dwellings. 

Irville,  p-v.,  Licking  t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O., 


ISL 


303 


ITU 


56  e.  Columbus,  319  W.     It  contains  1  store,  22 
dwellings,  and  about  125  inhabitants. 

Irvine,  p-o.,  Broken  Straw  t.,  Warren  co.,  Pa., 
215  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  307  W. 

Irvine,  p-v.,  capital  of  Estill  co.,  Ky.,  68  s.  e. 
Frankfort,  534  W.  Situated  on  the  N.  side  of 
Kentucky  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house  and  200 
inhabitants. 

Irving's  Store,  do.,  Weakly  co.,  Tenn.,  114 
w.  Nashville,  800  W. 

Irving,  p-v.,  and  port  of  entry,  Hanover  t., 
Chautauque  co.,  N.  Y.  Situated  on  Cattaraugus 
cr.,  at  its  entrance  into  Lake  Erie.  It  has  a  good 
landing,  1  store,  1  warehouse,  and  8  or  10  dwell- 
ings. The  United  States  have  commenced  im- 
proving the  harbor. 

Irving,  v.,  Greenburgh  t.,  Westchester  co.,  N. 
Y.,  26  n.  New  York.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of 
Hudson  r.  It  has  a  good  landing,  and  about  20 
dwellings.  Tappan  Bay,  the  Palisades,  and  the 
Highlands,  present  a  various  and  picturesque 
prospect. 

Irvingsville,  p-v.,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  76  w. 
N.  w.  Boston,  414  W. 

Irwin,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  s.  part  of 
the  state,  and  contains  2,079  sq.  ms.  Drained  by 
branches  of  Alapahaw,  Suwannee,  Withlacoo- 
chee,  and  Ocklockony  rivers.  Capital,  Irwin- 
ville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  14,529, 
sheep  1,223,  swine  9,374  ;  wheat  2,992  bush,  pro- 
duced, Indian  corn  33,548,  potatoes  11,172,  rice 
1,782  pounds,  cotton  21,100,  sugar  29,770  ;  4 
stores,  cap.  $9,139;  1  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,500.  1  sch.  23 
scholars.  Pop.  whites,  1,772,  slaves  266 ;  total 
2,038. 

Irwin,  t.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  12  s.  w.  Franklin 
b.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  loam.  Drained 
by  Scrub  Grass  cr.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,500  ; 
2  tanneries,  1  pottery,  4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $14,700.  4  sch.  141  scholars.  Pop.  1,111 
Irwinton,  p-v.,  capital,  Wilkinson  co.,  Ga.,  20 
s.  Milledgeville,  668  W.  Situated  on  a  gravelly 
ridge,  between  Commissioner's  and  Big  Sandy 
creeks,  4  ms.  w.  of  the  Oconee  r.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  an  academy,  1  Baptist  and  1  Meth- 
odist church,  several  stores,  and  30  dwellings. 

Irwinton,  p-v.,  Barbour  co.,  Ala.,  201  n.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  809  W. 

Irwinville,  v.,  capital  of  Irwin  co.,  Ga.,  105 
s.  Milledgeville.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of 
Alapahaw  r.  It  has  a  court  house,  jail,  and  a  few 
dwellings. 

Isabella,  county,  Mich.  Situated  in  the  n. 
portion  of  the  settled  part  of  the  peninsula,  and 
contains  576  sq.  ms.  Watered  by  Chippewa  and 
Salt  rivers.  It  is  unorganized,  and  attached  to 
Ionia  for  judicial  purposes. 

Island  Creek,  p-t.,  Jefferson  co.,  O.,  145  e. 
by  n.  Columbus,  271  W. 

Island  Ford,  p-o.,  Rutherford  co.,  N.  C,  231 
w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  468  W. 

Island  Town,  p-o.,  Chattooga  co.,  Ga.,  185  n. 
w.  Milledgeville,  648  W. 

Isleborough,  p-t.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  54  e.  Au- 
gusta, 643  W.  It  consists  of  a  large,  and  several 
smaller  islands,  in  Penobscot  r.,  opposite  to  North- 
port  and  Lincolnville.  It  has  a  fertile  soil,  and 
good  harbors.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,000  ;  5  sch. 
287  scholars.  Pop.  777 
p-o., 

s.  e.  Augusta,  663  W.     Situated  on  an  island  in 
the  Atlantic,  s.  of  Deer  island. 

Isle  la  Mott,  Grand  Isle  co.,  Vt.  Incorpo- 
rated in  1779.  Received  the  name  of  Vineyard 
in  1802.  It  is  13  w.  of  St.  Albans,  in  Lake  Cham- 
plain.    It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,500.    Pop.  435 


Isle  of  Shoals,  N.  II.  and  Me.  'liny  con- 
sist of  8  small  islands.  Star  island,  oontaining 
350  acres,  constitutes  the  t.  of  Gosport,  and  be- 
longs to  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.  The  line  be- 
tween N.  H.  and  Me.  passes  between  them. 
There  is  but  little  arable  soil  upon  them,  and 
they  are  inhabited  chiefly  by  fishermen. 

Isle  of  Wight,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the 
s.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  400  Ml.  miles. 
Blackwater  r.  bounds  it  on  the  \v.,  and  Jiunes  r. 
on  the  N.  E.  Capital,  Isle  of  Wight  C.  II.  Then; 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,351,  sheep  480,  swine 
22,990;  wheat  4,136  bush,  produced,  Indian  ooftl 
291,155,  oats  29,193,  potatoes  77,092,  cotton  :< 
poimds  ;  31  stores,  cap.  $67,225  ;  1  tannery,  295 
distilleries,  19  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $35,890.  1  acad.  31  students,  28  sch.  880 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,918,  slaves  3,786,  free 
col'd  1,268 ;  total  9,972. 

Islip,  p-t.,  Suffolk  co.,  N.  Y.,  191  s.  by  e.  Al- 
bany, 271  W.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  light 
and  sandy.  The  Atlantic  ocean  bounds  it  on  the 
s.,  and  along  its  shores  are  fish  and  wild  game  of 
different  kinds.  The  v.  contains  2  churches  and 
a  number  of  scattered  dwellings.  There  are  in 
the  t.  5  stores,  cap.  $13,400  ;  1  lumber  yard,  cap. 
$1,000 ;  2  tanneries,  1  paper  fac,  1  grist  m.  ( lap. 
in  manufac.  $20,000.  10  sch.  577  scholars.  Pop 
1,909. 

Isney,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Ala.,  157  s.  s.  E. 
Tuscaloosa,  971  W. 

Isone's  Store,  p-o.,  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  50  s. 
by  w.  Nashville,  727  W. 

Israel's  Mills,  p-o.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  58  E. 
by  s.  Harrisburg,  110  W. 

Israel,  t.,  Preble  co.,  O.  Organized  in  1818. 
The  soil  is  fertile,  well  watered,  and  well  culti- 
vated.    Pop.  1,547. 

Israel's,  r.,  N.  H.,  a  small  stream  which  rises 
in  the  White  mountains,  and  flows  into  Connect- 
icut r.,  at  Lancaster. 

Italy,  t.,  Yates  co.,  N.  H.,  15  w.  Penn  Yan,  198 
w.  by  s.  Albany.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil, 
clay  loam.  Canandaigua  lake  lies  on  its  n.  w. 
part.  Drained  by  Flint  cr.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$2,300;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  10 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $16,885.  9  sch.  496 
scholars.     Pop.  1,634. 

Italy  Hill,  p-o.,  Italy  t.,  Yates  co.,  N.  Y., 
204  w.  Albany,  320  W. 

Italy  Hollow,  p-o.,  Italy  t.,  Yates  co.,  N.  Y., 
207  w.  Albany,  323  W. 

Itawamba,  county,  Miss.  Situated  in  the  N. 
e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  900  sq.  miles. 
Drained  by  the  head  branches  of  Tombigbee  r. 
Surface,  undulating ;  soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Ful- 
ton. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  12,301, 
sheep  1,909,  swine  16,142;  wheat  8,101  bushels 
produced,  Ind.  corn  203,252,  oats  5,590,  potatoes 
10,318,  tobacco  8,719  pounds,  cotton  270,970 ;  6 
stores,  cap.  $24,660  ;  1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  10 
grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,430.  7 
sch.  124  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,652,  slaves  720, 
free  col'd  3 ;  total,  5,375. 

Ithaca,  p-t.,  and  capital  of  Tompkins  co.,  N. 
Y.,  162  w.  by  s.  Albany,  40  s.  e.  Geneva,  295 
W.  The  v.  is  situated  on  a  plain  H  m.  s.  of  the 
head  of  Cayuga  lake.  Cayuga  inlet,  a  small  cr., 
passes  through  the  v.,  and  is  navigable  for  large 
canal  boats  from  the  lake.  The  plain  on  which 
the  v.  chiefly  stands  is  surrounded  on  3  sides  by 
an  amphitheatre  of  hills,  which  rise  by  a  gentle 
ascent  to  the  height  of  500  feet,  and  a  part  of  the 
v.  lies  on  the  hill,  commanding  an  extensive 
view  of  Cayuga  lake,  and  the  surrounding  coun- 
try The  v.  is  regularly  laid  out,  with  streets 
crossing  each  other  at  right  angles.    It  contain* 


JAC 


304 


JAC 


about  700  houses,  a  court  house  and  jail  in  the 
same  building,  a  county  clerk's  office,  6  church- 
es—1  Presbyterian,  1  Dutch  Reformed,  1  Episco- 
pal, 1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  1  African — a 
flourishing  academy,  and  a  lyceum.  Clinton 
hotel  is  one  of  the  largest  and  most  splendid 
establishments  of  the  kind  in  the  state.  Fall  cr., 
Cascadilla  cr.,  and  Six  Mile  cr.,  in  descending 
from  the  hills,  have  falls  that  furnish  a  very  ex- 
tensive water  power,  which  is  employed  in  man- 
ufacturing establishments.  Fall  cr.  descends  438 
feet  in  the  course  of  a  mile,  having  3  successive 
falls— one  of  70  feet,  another  of  50  feet,  and  a 
third,  which  is  peculiarly  grand,  of  116  feet— in 
an  unbroken  sheet.  Other  falls  in  the  vicinity 
are  little  less  surprising. 

Its  commercial  advantages  are  very  great. 
Through  Cayuga  lake  and  Seneca  canal  it  com- 
municates with  the  Erie  canal  on  the  n.,  and  by 
the  Ithaca  and  Owego  railroad,  30  miles  long,  it 
communicates  with  Owego  and  the  Susquehanna, 
where  it  will  unite  with  the  Erie  railroad,  which 
will  afford  it  a  winter  communication  with  the 
seaboard.  Its  trade  with  Pennsylvania  is  already 
considerable,  receiving  iron  and  coal  in  exchange 
for  plaster,  salt,  lime,  flour,  and  merchandise.  A 
fine  steamboat  for  passengers  plies  daily  between 
Ithaca  and  Cayuga  bridge,  42  ms.  It  was  found- 
ed about  1800 ;  chartered  as  a  village  1821. 

There  were  in  the  t.  in  1840,  24  stores,  cap. 
$141,300  ;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $81,000 ;  value 
of  machinery  produced,  $20,000  ;  2  woollen  fac, 
cap.  $30,550 ;  1  cotton  fac.  1,572  sp.,  cap.  $25,000 ; 


3  tanneries,  1  brewery,  1  paper  fac,  cap.  $16,000 ; 
2  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  4 
printing  offices,  2  binderies,  2  weekly  newspa- 
pers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $279,250.  1  acad.  152 
students,  15  sch.  1,852  scholars.  Pop.  1830, 
3,324;  1840,5,650. 

Ithaca,  p-v.,  Darke  co.,  O.,  104  w.  Columbus, 
497  W. 

Ive's,  p-o.,  Huron  co.,  86  if-.  Columbus,  399 
W. 

Ives  Grove,  p-o.,  Racine  co.,  Wis.,  101  e.  s. 
e.  Madison,  791  W. 

Ive's  Store,  p-o.,  Princess  Annco.,-Va.,  133 
s.  E.  Richmond,  258  W. 

Ivy,  p-o.,  Yancy  co.,  N.  C,  262  w.  Raleigh, 
492  W. 

Ivy  Mills,  p-v.,  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  88  E.  by 
s.  Harrisburg,  1 19  W. 

Izard,  county,  Ark.  Situated  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  1,600  sq.  ms.  Water- 
ed by  White  river  and  its  branches,  and  by 
branches  of  Big  Black  r.  Capital,  Athens.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,115,  sheep  1,138, 
swine  7,704 ;  wheat  7,764  bushels  produced,  Ind. 
corn  131,170,  oats  6,771,  potatoes  4,307,  tobacco 
16,100  lbs.,  cotton  9,848  ;  8  stores,  cap.  $19,500  ; 
3  distilleries,  6  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $12,985.  6  sch.  151  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  2,099,  slaves  141 ;  total,  2,240. 

Izard,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Izard  co.,  Ark.,  150 
N.  Little  Rock,  1,076  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side 
of  White  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house,  and 
several  stores  and  some  dwellings.  (See  Athens.) 


Jacinto,  p-v.,  capital  of  Tishamingo  co.,  Miss., 
233  n.  n.  e.  Jackson,  830  W.  Situated  on  the 
head  waters  of  Tuscumbia  cr.  It  contains  a 
court  house  and  several  dwellings. 

Jack's  Creek,  p-o.,  Henderson  county,  Tenn., 
133  s.  s.  w.  Nashville,  817  W. 

Jackson,  county,  Va.  Situated  toward  the  n. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  480  sq.  miles. 
Ohio  r.  runs  on  its  n.  w.  border.  Drained  by  Big 
Sand  and  Big  Mill  creeks,  and  a  branch  of  Little 
Kanawha  r.  Capital,  Ripley.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  5,059,  sheep  3,179,  swine  10,741 ; 
wheat  28,200  bushels  produced,  Indian  corn 
117,331,  oats  39,788,  potatoes  4,953,  tobacco 
5,100  pounds ;  8  stores,  cap.  $16,000 ;  4  tanneries, 
4  flouring  m.,  10  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  2  printing 
offices,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$1,550.  8  sch.  153  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,803, 
slaves  87  ;  total,  4,890. 

Jackson,  county,  Ga.  Situated,  centrally,  to- 
ward the  n.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  432 
sq.  ms.  Drained  by  branches  of  the  Oconee  and 
Appalachee  rivers.  Capital,  Jefferson.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,482,  sheep  3,858,  swine 
11,339;  wheat  27,188  bushels  produced,  Indian 
com  212,435,  oats  29,526,  potatoes  7,199,  tobacco 
2,320  pounds,  cotton  902,670 ;  5  stores,  capital, 
$9,650 ;  3  tanneries,  17  distilleries,  8  flouring  m., 
20  grist  m.,  15  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $700. 
10  sch.  217  scholars.  Pop.  whites  5,994,  slaves 
2,513,  free  col'd  15  ;  total,  8,522. 

Jackson,  county,  Florida.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  ter.  Appalachicola  r.  bounds  it  on  the 
e.,  and  Choctawhatchee  r.  on  the  w.  Watered 
by  Spring  cr.,  Holmes  cr.,  and  Sandy  cr.  The 
land  on  the  streams  is  very  fertile,  and  also  in 
some  other  parts.  The  surface  is  generally 
level,  with  some  elevations  toward  the  w.  Capi- 
tal Marianna.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
15,907,  sheep  960,  swine  14,564 ;  Ind.  corn  127,915 
bush,  produced,  potatoes  32,105,  cotton  1,672,158 


pounds ;  6  stores,  cap.  $30,000;  6  grist  m.,  6  saw 
m.,  1  acad.  25  students,  2  sch.  75  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  2,002,  slaves  2,636,  free  col'd  43;  total, 
4,681. 

Jackson,  county,  Ala.  Situated  in  the  n 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  975  sq.  ms.  Ten- 
nessee river  runs  on  its  s.  E.  and  s.  border,  and 
Flint  river  on  its  s.  w.  border.  Watered  by 
Paint  Rock  cr.  and  its  branches,  and  by  Racoon 
cr.  Capital,  Bellefonte.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  9,528,  sheep  6,551,  swine  59,551  ; 
wheat  30,956  bushels  produced,  rye  4,557,  Ind. 
corn  1,043,107,  oats  72,617,  potatoes  35,260,  to- 
bacco 23,528  pounds,  cotton  1,165,616,  sugar 
5,634;  12  stores,  cap.  $77,000;  4  tanneries,  29 
distilleries,  24  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.,  1  printing  office, 
1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,710. 
19  sch.  535  scholars.  Pop.  1830,  12,700;  1840, 
whites  13,863,  slaves  1,816,  free  col'd  36 ;  total, 
15,715. 

Jackson,  co.,  Miss.  Situated  in  the  s.  E.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  1,175  sq.  ms.  Watered 
by  Pascagoula  r.  and  its  branches.  The  soil  is 
sterile,  covered  with  pine  forest.  The  chief  pro- 
duction is  cotton.  Capital,  Jackson  C.  H.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,770,  sheep  795,  swine 
5,229 ;  Ind.  corn  15,675  bushels  produced,  pota- 
toes 21,080,  cotton  2,800  pounds ;  3  stores,  cap. 
$6,500  ;  3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$15,000.  3  sch.  48  scholars.  Pop.  whites  1,459, 
slaves  424,  free  col'd  82 ;  total,  1,965. 

Jackson,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  666  sq.  ms.  Wa- 
tered by  Cumberland  r.  and  its  branches.  Capi- 
tal, Gainesboro'.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
8,024,  sheep  13,782,  swine  41,150;  wheat  3/, 683 
bushels  produced,  rye  3,632,  Ind.  corn  438  113 
oats  62,609,  potatoes  20,301,  tobacco  859,33b 
pounds,  cotton  33,842;  10  stores,  cap.  $78,000  ;  15 
distilleries,  19  grist  m.,  3  sawm.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $5,811.    4  sch.  119  scholars.    Pop.  whites 


JAC 


305 


JAC 


11,536,   slaves   1,226,  free  colored    110;    total 
12,872. 

Jackson,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  400  sq.  ms.  The  sur- 
face is  uneven  ;  soil,  fertile.  Millstone  grit  is  ex- 
tensively found  and  manufactured  in  the  n.  and 
central  parts.  Stone  coal  is  abundant.  Iron  ore 
is  found  in  the  w.  part.  Watered  by  Little  Ra- 
coon and  Little  Scioto  rivers,  and  Salt  creek,  and 
Symmes  cr.  Capital,  Jackson.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  8,915,  sheep  12,082,  swine 
13,31)0;  wheat  56,749  bushels  produced,  Indian 
corn  141,187,  oats  70,983,  potatoes  15,006;  19 
stores,  cap.  $15,725 ;  3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  9 
grist  m.,  18  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,825. 
11  sch.  253  scholars.    Pop.  9,744. 

Jackson,  county,  Mich.  Situated  toward  the 
s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  720  sq.  miles. 
Organized  in  1832.  Watered  by  Grand  r.  and 
branches,  Kalamazoo  and  Raisin  rivers,  and 
Portage,  Goose,  and  Sandstone  creeks.  It  has 
several  small  lakes.  The  surface  is  generally 
gently  undulating;  soil,  fertile.  Limestone  is 
abundant.  Capital,  Jackson.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  12,565,  sheep  3,920,  swine 
21,674;  wheat  186,649  bushels  produced,  Indian 
corn  167,870,  buckwheat  4,264,  barley  11,898, 
oats  190,037;  potatoes  147,068;  36  stores,  cap. 
$142,500  ;  4  distilleries,  1  brewery,  4  flouring  m., 
3  grist  m.,  25  saw  m.,  3  printing  offices,  3  daily 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $153,852.  3 
acad.  246  students,  37  sch.  1,365  scholars.  Pop. 
13,130. 

Jacksov,  co.,  la.  Situated  toward  the  s.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  about  500  square  miles. 
Organized  in  1815.  Drained  by  Muscatatack  r., 
Driftwood  or  E.  fork  of  White  r.,  and  White  and 
Salt  creeks.  The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  fertile. 
Capital,  Brownstown.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  10,699,  sheep  8,835,  swine  23,005 ;  wheat 
38,945  bush,  prod.,  rye  2,544,  Ind.  corn  386,498, 
oats  72,212,    potatoes    12,033,     tobacco    22,986 

?ounds,  sugar  28,678;  30  stores,  cap.  $34,310; 
tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  pottery,  2  flouring  m., 
13  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $23,180. 
27  sch.  736  scholars.     Pop.  8,961. 

Jackson,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  576  sq.  ms.  Organized 
in  1816.  Mississippi  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border. 
Watered  by  Muddy  r.  and  its  tributaries.  Salt 
is  found  on  this  river,  near  Brownsville.  It 
is  generally  timbered,  with  some  prairies  to  the 
N.  E.  Capital,  Brownsville.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  5,283,  sheep  2,864,  swine  15,490 ; 
wheat  18,530  bushels  produced,  Ind.  corn  165,350, 
oats  39,426,  potatoes  12,644,  tobacco  8,230  pounds, 
cotton  11,167,  sugar  2,271;  6  stores,  capital 
$8,900 ;  1  tannery,  3  distilleries,  6  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.    Pop.  3,566. 

Jackson,  county,  Iowa.  Situated  toward  the 
n.  E.  part  of  the  ter.,  and  contains  628  sq.  miles. 
The  Mississippi  runs  on  its  e.  border.  Drained 
by  Macoquetais  r.  and  its  branches.  It  has  great 
mineral  riches,  containing  iron  ore,  copper,  tin, 
zinc,  gypsum,  and  porcelain  clay.  The  soil  is 
fertile,  and  it  is  well  supplied  with  pure  water. 
Capital,  Bellevue.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  1,612,  sheep  248,  swine  4,676;  wheat 
6,199  bushels  produced,  Ind.  corn  42,519,  oats 
8,495,  potatoes  20,0i>8 ;  6  stores,  cap.  $9,560 ;  2 
lumber  yards,  cap.  $15,250  ;  3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $20,000.     Pop.  1,41 1. 

Jackson,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  525  sq.ins.  Missouri  r. 
forms  its  n.  boundary.  Drained  by  Big  and  Lit- 
tle Blue  rivers,  and  Fire  Prairie  cr.  The  surface 
is  undulating;  soil,  fertile.      Capital,   Indepen- 


dence. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,896, 
sheep  10,032,  swine  37,953;  wheal  5.336  btlth. 
produced,  rye  1,649,  Indian  corn  556,190,  oat* 
50,261,  potatoes  22,110,  tobacco  1 1,360  pounds ; 
21  stores,  cap.  $253,200;  2  tanneries,  14  distille- 
ries, 3  flouring  m.,  17  grist  m.,  19  saw  m.,  1  print- 
ing office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $120,133.  14  sch.  613  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
6,215,  slaves  1,361,  free  col'd6;  total,  7,6 12. 

Jackson,  county,  Ark.  Situated  toward  the 
n.  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  800  sq.  ms. 
Big  Black  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border.  Drained  by 
Cache  r.  Capital,  Elizabeth.  There  were  in  184$ 
neat  cattle  2,681,  sheep  400,  swine  6,312;  wheat 
1,754  bushels  produced,  Indian  corn  91,098,  oats 
3,011,  potatoes  9,800,  tobacco  3,664  pounds,  cotton 
11,760;  3  stores,  cap.  $37,000;  1  cotton  fac.  6 
sp.,  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  1  flouring  m.,  5  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $29,472.  Pop. 
whites  1,258,  slaves  276;  free  col'd  6;  total, 
1,540. 

Jackson,  p-t.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  47  n.  e.  Augus- 
ta, 642  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  producing  good 
wheat.  Drained  by  branches  of  Marsh  r.  In- 
corporated in  1818.  It  has  8  sch.  261  scholars. 
Pop.  653. 

Jackson,  p-t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H.,  79  n.  by  e.  Con- 
cord, 565  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  e.  side  of  the- 
White  mountains,  having  an  uneven  surface  and 
a  productive  soil.  Drained  by  branches  of  El- 
lis's r.  Incorporated  in  1800.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$3,000 ;  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$2,325.    7  sch.  195  scholars.    Pop.  584. 

Jackson,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  N.  Y.,  40  n.  e. 
Albany,  410  W.  The  surface  is  diversified ;  soil, 
clay  and  sandy  loam,  and  moderately  fertile.  It 
has  1  store,  cap.  $5,000;  1  acad.  18  students. 
Pop.  1,730. 

Jackson,  t.,  Northumberland  co.,  Pa.  It  has 
3  stores,  cap.  $9,000;  2  tanneries,  1  pottery,  5 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,375.  4 
sch.  135  scholars.    Pop.  1,581. 

Jackson,  p-t.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  181  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  235  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil, 
clay  and  gravel.  Drained  by  Lackawannock  and 
Tunkhannock  creeks.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,500 ; 
2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,155.  8  sch.  280 
scholars.    Pop.  754. 

Jackson,  t.,  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.  It  has  Peters' 
mountain  on  the  s.,  and  Berry's  on  the  n.,  with 
intervening  lulls  and  valleys.  Drained  by  Pow- 
ell's and  Armstrong's  creeks,  which  flow  into  the 
Susquehanna  r.  Soil  on  the  hills,  gravel ;  sandy 
loam  in  the  valleys.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,800 ; 
2  distilleries,  5  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $875.  8  sch.  261  scholars.  Pop. 
1,164. 

Jackson,  t.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,400.  4  sch. 
125  scholars.    Pop.  336. 

Jackson,  t.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.  Drained  by 
branches  of  Fishing  cr.  It  has  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $1,000.  2  sch.  40  scholars.  Pop. 
265. 

Jackson,  t.,  Greene  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $1,700 ;  1  tannery,  1  distillery.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $750.    4  sch.  76  scholars.    Pop.  1,020. 

Jackson,  t.,  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.,  7  e.  Lebanon. 
The  surface  is  level  ;  soil,  calcareous  loam. 
Drained  by  Tulpehocken  cr.  and  Swatara  cr. 
Union  canal  crosses  it  from  w.  to  E.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $16,500 ;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $5,000; 
2  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  3  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,238.  1  acad.  42  students, 
2  sch.  Ill  scholars.    Pop.  2,508. 

Jackson,  t,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is 
hilly ;  soil,  gravel  and  loam.    Drained  by  See- 


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306 


JAC 


ly's  and  Mill  creeks.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $1,400 ; 
1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  26  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $26,900.    6  sch.  326  scholars.    Pop.  1,123. 

Jackson,  t.,  Cambria  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is 
rolling ;  soil,  clay  and  calcareous  loam.  It  has 
1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$1,700.    5  sch.  100  scholars.     Pop.  623. 

Jackson,  p-v.,  Lick  t.,  capital  of  Jackson  co., 
O.,  28  s.  E.  Chilicothe,  63  s.  s.  e.  Columbus,  377 
W.  Organized  in  1817.  It  contains  a  brick  court 
house,  jail,  6  stores,  2  tanneries,  1  carding  ma- 
chine, and  about  50  dwellings.  The  post-office 
is  called  Jackson  C.  H. 

Jackson,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  O.  It  has  8  sch. 
444  scholars.    Pop.  1,633. 

Jackson,  t,  Wayne  co.,  O.    Pop.  16. 

Jackson,  t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.  It  has  4  sch. 
260  scholars.     Pop.  960. 

Jackson,  t.,  Union  co.,  O.  It  has  2  sch.  65 
scholars.     Pop.  352. 

Jackson,  t.,  Starke  co.,  O.  It  has  3  sch.  39 
scholars.    Pop.  1,547. 

Jackson,  t.,  Wood  co.,  O.    Pop.  25. 

Jackson,  t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.  It  has  9  sch. 
400  scholars.     Pop.  1,124. 

Jackson,  t.,  Allen  co.,  O.  It  has  1  sch.  20 
scholars.     Pop.  569. 

Jackson,  t.,  Shelby  co.,  O.    Pop.  478. 

Jackson,  t.,  Brown  co.,  O.  It  has  2  sch.  110 
scholars.    Pop.  1,253. 

Jackson,  t.,  Champaign  co.,  O.  The  soil  is 
fertile,  and  well  cultivated.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$1,500;  1  tannery,  5  saw  m.,  8  sch.  98  scholars. 
Pop.  1,431. 

Jackson,  t.,  Clermont  co.,  O.  It  has  1  sch.  18 
scholars.    Pop.  8  S3. 

Jackson,  t.,  Seneca  co.,  O.  It  has  cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $90.    4  sch.  98  scholars.     Pop.  5J6. 

Jackson,  t.,  Coshocton  co.,  O.  Situated  on  the 
w.  side  of  Muskingum  r.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$2,000;  1  sch.  35  scholars.     Pop.  1,896. 

Jackson,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  O.  It  has  6  sch.  2S6 
scholars.     Pop.  654. 

Jackson,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  O.  Situated  on  the 
w.  side  of  Scioto  r.  It  has  1  sch.  20  scholars. 
Pop.  784. 

Jackson,  t.,  Darke  co.,  O.    Pop.  303. 

Jackson,  t.,  Guernsey  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,153. 

Jackson,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  O.    It  has  1  grist  m., 

1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,200.  6  sch.  198 
scholars.    Pop.  630. 

Jackson,  t.,  Hardin  co.,  O.  It  has  1  sch.  47 
scholars.     Pop.  260. 

Jackson,  t.,  Highland  co.,  O.  It  has  9  sch.  477 
scholars.    Pop.  2,352. 

Jackson,  t.,  Hocking  co.,  O.  It  has  1  sch.  22 
scholars.     Pop.  472. 

Jackson,  t.,  Jackson  co.,  O.    It  has  1  grist  m., 

2  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $650.     Pop.  297. 
Jackson,  t.,  Knox  co.,  O.    Watered  by  Waka- 

tomica  cr.     It  has  6  sch.  234  scholars.     Pop.  994. 
Jackson,  t.,  Morgan  co.,  O.    It  has  1  grist  m., 

2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,000.  7  sch.  200 
scholars.     Pop.  920. 

Jackson,  t.,  Perry  co.,  O.  It  has  9  sch.  250 
scholars.    Pop.  1,700. 

Jackson,  t.,  Pickaway  co.,  O.  It  has  1  flour- 
ing m.,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$2,800.    5  sch.  135  scholars.    Pop.  993. 

Jackson,  t.,  Pike  co.,  O.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$6,000 ;  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $980.     Pop.  1,094. 

Jackson,  t.,  Brown  co.,  la.  It  has  1  sch.  24 
scholars.     Pop. 

Jackson,  t.,  Clay  co.,  la.    It  has  2  distilleries, 

3  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,125.  2  sch.  82 
scholars.    Pop  918. 


Jackson,  t.,  Dearborn  co.,  la.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $3,300 ;  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  2  distille- 
ries, 2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$1,600.    5  sch.  150  scholars.    Pop.  1,007. 

Jackson,  t.,  Fayette  co.,  la.  It  has  1  sch.  27 
scholars.    Pop.  1,185. 

Jackson,  t.,  Fountain  co.,  la.    Pop.  960. 

Jackson,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  la.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $4,200.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $100.  3  sch.  51 
scholars.     Pop.  1,142. 

Jackson,  t.,  Orange  co.,  la.  It  has  2  sch.  40 
scholars.     Pop.  529. 

Jackson,  t.,  Owen  co.,  la.  It  has  1  sch.  25 
scholars.     Pop.  594. 

Jackson,  t.,  Putnam  co.,  la.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $1,000;  1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m., 

1  oil  m.,  2  sch.  45  scholars.     Pop.  923. 
Jackson,  t.,  Randolph  co.,  la.    It  has  1  store, 

cap.  $1,800;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.     Pop.  591. 

Jackson,  t.,  Ripley  co.,  la.  It  has  1  sch.  24 
scholars.    Pop.  4,936. 

Jackson,  t.,  Rush  co.,  la.  It  has  3  sch.  77 
scholars.    Pop.  914. 

Jackson,  t.,  Shelby  co.,  la.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$1,000 ;  1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000.  1  sch.  20 
scholars.     Pop.  1,511. 

Jackson,  t.,  Steuben  co.,  la.  It  has  3  sch.  Ill 
scholars.    Pop.  397. 

Jackson,  t.,  Tippecanoe  co.,  la.  It  has  2  sch. 
55  scholars.     Pop.  451. 

Jackson,  t.,  Washington  co.,  la.  It  has  9 
stores,  cap.  $11,000;  3  tanneries,  1  flouring  m.,  6 
grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,000.  5 
sch.  Ill  scholars.    Pop.  2,463. 

Jackson,  t,  Wayne  co.,  la.  It  has  2  acad.  110 
students,  3  sch.  367  scholars.     Pop.  3,403. 

Jackson,  p-t.,  capital  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  79 
w.  Detroit,  549  W.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  e. 
bank  of  Grand  r.,  which  affords  water  power.  It 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  the  state  penitentia- 
ry, 1  church,  5  stores,  a  branch  of  the  University, 

2  saw  m.,  1  flouring  m.,  1  furnace,  and  a  tannery. 
There  are  in  the  t.  23  stores,  cap.  $90,200 ;  1  dis- 
tillery, 1  brewery,  3  printing  offices,  3  daily  news- 
papers, 1  flouring  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$42,700.  1  acad.  85  students,  9  sch.  338  scholars. 
Pop.  2,773. 

Jackson,  p-o.,  Louisa  co.,  Va.,  41  n.  w.  Rich- 
mond, 97  W. 

Jackson,  p-v.,  Northampton  co.,  N.  C,  108  n. 
e.  Raleigh,  211  W. 

Jackson,  p-v.,  capital  of  Butts  co.,  Ga.,  67  w. 
Milledgeville,  664  W.  Situated  a  few  miles  w. 
of  the  Oconee  r.  It  has  a  court  house,  jail,  an 
academy,  1  Methodist  and  1  Presbyterian  church, 
and  9  stores. 

Jackson,  p-v.,  Clark  co.,  Ala.,  159  s.  Tuscaloo- 
sa, 959  W. 

Jackson,  p-v.,  Elkhart  co.,  la.,  146  n.  Indian- 
apolis, 610  W. 

Jackson,  p-v.,  capital  of  Hinds  co.  and  of  the 
state  of  Mississippi,  1,010  miles  s.  w.  Washing- 
ton, D.  C.  It  is  situated  on  the  w.  bank  of  Pearl 
r.,  which  is  navigable  for  boats  to  this  place.  It 
is  built  on  a  level  spot,  is  half  a  mile  square,  reg- 
ularly laid  out,  and  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  Pearl 
r.  It  contains  an  elegant  state  house,  which  cost 
$600,000,  a  governor's  house,  a  penitentiary,  a 
large  and  well-finished  building,  a  United  Stales 
land  office,  2  churches — 1  Baptist  and  1  Method- 
ist— a  bank.  3  printing  offices,  issuing  newspa- 
pers, a  steam  saw  mill,  3  schools,  30  stores,  and 
2,100  inhabitants.  A  railroad  45  miles  long  con- 
nects Jackson  with  Vicksburg,  and  is  continued 
east  14  miles  to  Brandon. 

Jackson,  p-v.,  East  Feliciana  par.,  La.,  124  n. 


JAC 


307 


JAC 


\v.  .New  Orleans,  1,142  W.  Situated  on  the  i:. 
side  of  Thompson's  cr.  It  contains  Louisiana 
college,  founded  in  1825,  has  a  president  and  9 
professors  or  other  instructors,  18  alumni,  KK) 
■Indents,  and  1,850  vols,  in  its  lihraries.  The 
commencement  is  on  the  first  Wednesday  in 
June.  It  has  3  acad.  223  students,  2  sch.  3'J 
scholars.     Pop.  932. 

Jackson,  p-v.,  capital  of  Madison  co.,  Tenn., 
131  W.  s.  w.  Nashville,  819  W.  Situated  on  the 
N.  side  of  Forked  Deer  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  2  churches,  10  stores,  and  about  1,200 
inhabitants. 

Jackson,  p-v.,  capital  of  Cape  Girardeau  co., 
Mo.,  196  s.  E.  Jefferson  City,  866  W.  Situated 
on  a  branch  of  Whitewater  r.,  10  ms.  w.  of  the 
Mississippi  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a 
U.  S.  land  office,  several  stores,  and  about  800 
inhabitants. 

Jackson,  t.,  Johnson  co.,  Mo.  It  has  3  sch, 
105  scholars.     Pop.  1,566. 

Jackson,  t.,  Livingston  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  593. 

Jackson,  t.,  Macon  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch.  28 
scholars.     Pop.  373. 

Jackson,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  Mo.  It  has  3  acad 
125  students,  5  sch.  132  scholars.    Pop.  2,905. 

Jackson,  t.,  Polk  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1,035. 

Jackson,  t.,  St.  Genevieve  co.,  Mo.  It  has  2 
sch.  42  scholars.    Pop.  302. 

Jackson,  t.,  Taney  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  687. 

Jackson,  t.,  Clarke  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch.  30 
scholars.     Pop.  659. 

Jackson,  p-v.,  Lawrence  co.,  Ark.,  140  n.  e. 
Little  Rock,  997  W.  Situated  3  ms.  n.  of  Spring 
r.    It  contains  about  150  inhabitants. 

Jackson,  t.,  Carroll  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1  distille 
ry,  1  grist  m.,  1  sch.  25  scholars.    Pop.  281. 

Jackson,  t,  Sevier  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $4,100;  1  distillery,  2  grist  m.,  1  sch.  35 
scholars.    Pop.  383. 

Jackson,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1  sch.  16 
scholars.     Pop.  167. 

Jackson,  t.,  Union  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  520. 

Jacksonborough,  p-v.,  Maryland  t.,  Otsego 
co.,  N.  Y.,  62  w.  Albany,  366  W.  It  contains  2 
churches,  4  stores,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  2  cloth- 
iers' works,  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  gun  fac, 
50  dwellings,  and  about  300  inhabitants. 

Jacksonborough,  p-v.,  Wayne  t.,  Butler  co., 
O.,  91  w.  s.  w.  Columbus,  484  W. 

Jacksonborough,  p-v.,  capital  of  Scriven  co., 
Ga.,  116  e.  s.  e.  Milledgeville,  637  W.  Situated 
on  the  w.  side  of  Brier  cr.  It  has  a  court  house, 
jail,  Methodist  church,  and  about  15  dwellings. 

Jackson  Brook,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Me., 
241  e.  n.  E.  Augusta,  829  W. 

Jacksonburg,  p-o.,  Herkimer  co.,  N.  Y.,  73  n. 
w.  Albany,  390  W. 

Jacksonburg,  p-v.,  Wayne  co.,  la.,  57  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 516  W.    Pop.  about  100. 

Jackson  Corners,  p-o.,  Milan  t.,  Dutchess 
co.,  N.  Y.,  49  s.  Albany,  327  W. 

Jackson,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jackson  co., 
Va.,  336  w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  335  W.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  a  store,  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Jackson,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jackson  co., 
Miss.,  235  s.  E.  from  the  capital  of  the  state,  and 
1,053  W.  It  contains  a  court  house,  1  store,  and 
a  few  dwellings. 

Jackson's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Erie  co.,  Pa., 
264  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  337  W. 

Jackson  Grove,  p-o.,  Fulton  co.,  111.,  61  n.  w. 
Springfield,  827  W. 

Jackson  Hall,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Pa,,  51  w. 
s.  w.  Harrisburg,  89  W. 

Jacksonham,  p-v.,  Lancaster  dist,.  S.  C,  80  n. 
n.  e.  Columbia,  427  W. 


Jackson  lln.r.,  p-o.,  Davidson  co.,  N.  C,  132 
w.  Raleigh,  378  U  . 

Jackson  Crkkk.  p-o.,  Fairfield  dist.,  S.  C,  31 
N.  Columbia,  497  W. 

Jackson's  Pzrrt,  p-o.,  Wythe  co.,  Va.,  244 
w  by  s.  Richmond,  312  W. 

Jackson's  Mills,  p-o.,  Monmouth  co.,  N.  J., 
31  e.  Trenton,  497  W. 

Jackson's  IVuiuk.  p-o.,  Steuben  co.,  la.,  182 
N.  N.  k.  Indianapolis,  557  W. 

Jackson,  r.,  Va.,  rises  in  Warm  Spring  moun- 
tains, and  flovviiiir  s.  w\,  is  joined  by  Covvpastnro 
r.,  which  together  form  James  r.  Falling  Springs, 
one  of  its  head  branches,  has  a  perpendicular  fall 
of  200  feet. 

Jacksontown,  p-v.,  Licking  t.,  Licking  co.,  O., 
31  n.  e.  Columbus,  362  W.  Situated  on  the  na- 
tional road,  and  contains  1  church,  3  stores,  40 
dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Jacksonville,  p-v.,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  142  s. 
Montpelier,  423  W. 

Jacksonville,  p-v.,  Ulysses  t.,  Tompkins  co., 
N.  Y.,  170  w.  by  s.  Albany,  303  W.    It  contains 

1  Methodist  church,  1  store,  25  dwellings,  and 
about  150  inhabitants. 

Jacksonville,  p-o.,  Burlington  co.,  N.  J.,  15 
s.  Trenton,  160  W. 

Jacksonville,  p-v.,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  89  e.  n. 
e.  Harrisburg,  183  W. 

Jacksonville,  p-o.,  in  the  village  of  Eliza- 
bethtown,  Wood  co.,  Va.,  325  w.  n.  w.  Rich- 
mond, 304  W.    (See  Elizabethtown.) 

Jacksonville,  p-v.,  Sumpter  dist.,  S.  C,  91 
e.  Columbia,  529  W. 

Jacksonville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Telfair  co.,  Ga., 
115  s.  Milledgeville,  762  W.  Situated  on  the  n. 
bank  of  Ocmulgee  r.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  several  stores,  and  about  30  dwellings. 

Jacksonville,  p-v.,  Duvall  co.,  Flor.,  252  e. 
Tallahassee,  801  W.  Situated  on  the  N.  w.  side 
of  St.  John's  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
a  church,  an  academy,  and  several  dwellings. 

Jacksonville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Benton  co., 
Ala.,  139  e.  N.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  717  W.     Situated 

2  ms.  E.  Tallasseehatchee  cr.      It   contains   a 
court  house,  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Jacksonville,  p-v.,  Wayne  t.,  Darke  co.,  O., 
94  w.  Columbus,  485  W. 

Jacksonville,  p-v.,  Switzerland  co.,  la.,  Ill 
s.  E.  Indianapolis,  550  W. 

Jacksonville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Morgan  co.,  111., 
33  w.  Springfield,  813  W.  It  is  one  of  the  largest 
inland  towns  of  the  state,  situated  in  the  midst 
of  a  fine  prairie,  which  is  rich,  and  well  culti- 
vated. It  has  24  stores,  numerous  mechanic 
shops,  1  steam  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  cotton 
yarn  fac,  1  distillery,  2  oil  m.,  2  carding  ma- 
chines, and  1  tannery.  The  public  buildings 
and  institutions  are  a  brick  court  house,  jail,  4 
churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Methodist,  1  Epis- 
copal, 1  Congregationalist — a  lyceum,  a  mechan- 
ics' association,  a  male  and  female  academy, 
and  a  brick  market  house.  Here  is  situated  Illi- 
nois college,  founded  in  1829.  It  has  a  presi- 
dent, 4  professors  or  instructors,  42  students,  and 
2,000  vols,  in  its  libraries.  The  commencement 
is  on  the  third  Wednesday  in  September. 

Jacks  Reef,  p-o.,  Elbridge  t.,  Onondaga  co., 
N.  Y.,  150  w.  by  n.  Albany,  354  W. 

Jacobsburg,  p-v.,  Bushkill  t.,  Northampton  co., 
Pa.,  106  e.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  119  W.  It  contains 
1  store,  a  furnace,  a  grist  m.,  and  6  or  8  dwellings. 

Jacobsburg,  p-v.,  Smith  t.,  Belmont  co.,  O., 
126  e.  by  n.  Columbus,  287  W.  It  contains  1 
church,  2  stores,  35  dwellings,  and  about  175  in- 
habitants. 

Jacob's  Creek,  p-o.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Fa.* 


JAM 


308 


JAM 


175  w.  Harrisburg,  201 W.  The  cr.  is  a  tributary 
of  the  Youghiogheny  r.,  and  forms  the  s.  bound- 
ary of  the  co. 

Jaffrey,  p-t.,  Cheshire  co.,  N.  H.,  48  s.  w.  by 
8.  Concord,  449  W.  Grand  Monadnock  lies 
partly  in  the  N.  w.  part  of  the  t.  The  surface  is 
uneven ;  soil,  fertile,  well  adapted  to  grazing. 
Drained  on  the  e.  by  branches  of  the  Contoocook 
r.,  which  flows  into  the  Merrimac  ;  and  on  the  w. 
by  branches  of  Ashuelot  r.,  which  flows  into  the 
Connecticut  r.  It  has  a  mineral  spring.  Incor- 
porated in  1773.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $12,500  ;  1 
woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac,  5  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $16,100.  1  acad.  40  students, 
11  sch.  4G4  scholars.     Pop.  1,411. 

Jakes  Prairie,  p-o.,  Gasconade  co.,'Mo.,  61  s. 
E.  Jefferson  city,  925  W. 

Jamaica,  p-t.,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  127  s.  Mont- 
pelier,  449  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil,  fer- 
tile. Watered  by  West  r.,  and  its  tributary, 
Bald  Mountain  brook,  which  afford  water  power. 
The  v.  contains  2  churches,  1  store,  1  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.,  2  fulling  m.,  2  carding  machines,  and  1 
trip-hammer  shop,  on  Bald  Mountain  brook. 
Good  limestone  is  found  in  the  t.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $6,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  8 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,100.  13  sch.  542 
scholars.     Pop.  1,586. 

Jamaica,  p-t.,  Queens  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  e.  New 
York,  158  s.  Albany,  233  W.  The  surface  is 
level,  except  the  range  of  hills  on  the  n.,  which 
pass  through  Long  Island.  The  soil  is  a  produc- 
tive sandy  loam.  On  the  s.  are  extensive  salt 
meadows.  The  Union  race-course  is  in  the  t. 
The  v.,  situated  on  the  Long  Island  railroad,  was 
incorporated  in  1814,  and  contains  the  county 
clerk's  and  surrogate's  offices,  5  churches — 1 
Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Dutch  Reformed,  1 
Methodist,  and  1  African — Union  Hall  academy, 
a  female  seminary,  12  stores,  1  wind  m.,  1  piano 
forte  fac,  3  carriage  fac,  1  lock  fac,  and  2  print- 
ing offices,  and  an  extensive  establishment  for 
the  purposes  of  the  railroad.  There  are  in  the  t. 
9  stores,  cap.  $39,250 ;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $4,000 ; 
1  woollen  fac,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  news- 
papers, 5  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$18,350.  1  acad.  60  students,  7  sch.  394  scholars. 
Pop.  3,781. 

Jamaica,  p-o.,  Middlesex  co.,  Va.,  74  e.  Rich- 
mond, 136  W. 

Jamaica  Plains,  p-v.,  Roxbury  t.,  Norfolk  co., 
Mass.,  6  s.  w.  Boston,  438  W.  It  is  situated  in 
the  w.  part  of  the  t.,  and  contains  a  Unitarian 
church  and  many  elegant  country  seats.  From 
a  pond  here,  the  Boston  aqueduct  is  supplied. 
The  whole  aggregate  length  of  the  pipes  is  40 
miles. 

James,  r.,Va.,  is  formed  by  the  union  of  Jackson's 
and  Cowpasture  rivers,  in  the  Alleghany  moun- 
tains. At  the  point  where  it  begins  to  break 
through  the  Blue  Ridge,  it  is  joined  by  North  r. 
It  is  afterwards  joined  by  the  Rivanna,  from  the 
N.,  and  at  City  Point  by  the  Appomattox,  from 
the  s.,  its  largest  branch,  which  is  120  ms.  long, 
and  navigable  through  a  great  part  of  its  course. 
James  r.  is  over  500  ms.  long,  and  enters  Hamp- 
ton Road  near  the  mouth  of  Chesapeake  bay. 
The  principal  places  on  this  r.  are  Lynchburg, 
on  the  s.  side,  and  Richmond,  on  the  n.  side.  A 
40  gun  ship  may  go  up  to  Jamestown,  and  by 
lightening,  to  Harrisonfs  bar,  where  there  is  15 
feet  of  water.  Vessels  of  250  tons  go  up  to  War- 
wick, and  those  of  120  tons  to  Rockets,  just  be- 
low Richmond,  110  miles  from  its  mouth.  The 
falls  at  Richmond  have  been  obviated  by  a  canai ; 
and  above  that,  the  r.  is  navigable  for  batteaux 
220  miles.    This  r.  forms  the  outlet  of  a  coun- 


try abounding  in  tobacco,  wheat,  com,  hemp, 
coal,  &c 

James,  r.,  Mo.,  runs  s.  s.  w.  through  Greene 
and  Taney  counties,  and  enters  White  r. 

James,  t.,  Taney  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  164. 

James'  Bayou,  t.,  Scott  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch. 
25  scholars.     Pop.  648. 

James'  Bayou,  p-o.,  New  Madrid  co.,  Mo.,  284 
s.  e.  Jefferson  city,  924  W. 

James  City,  county,  Va.  Situated  toward  the 
e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  150  square  ms. 
James  r.  runs  on  its  s.  border,  and  York  r.  on  its 
N.  e.,  and  Chickahominy  r.  on  its  w.  border. 
The  surface  is  undulating.  Capital  Williams- 
burg. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,713, 
sheep  914,  swine  4,712;  wheat  17,241  bush,  pro- 
duced, Indian  com  86,500,  oats  34,765,  potatoes 
2,904,  tobacco  8,000  pounds,  cotton  6,307  pounds ; 
5  stores,  cap.  $21,500 ;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $6,500.  1  college  140  students,  1 
acad.  36  students,  4  sch.  93  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
1,325,  slaves  1,947,  free  col'd  507;  total,  3,779. 

James'  Creek,  p-o.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  106 
w.  Harrisburg,  152  W. 

James'  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Iredell  co.,  N.  C, 
162  w.  Raleigh,  400  W. 

James'  Mills,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  HI.,  122  s.  by 
w.  Springfield,  835  W. 

James'  River,  p-o.,  Bottetourt  co.,  Va.,  181  w. 
Richmond,  228  W. 

Jamestown,  t.,  Newport  co.,  R.  I.,  3  w.  New- 
port. It  comprises  Canonicut,  a  beautiful  island 
in  Narragansett  bay,  8  miles  long,  and  1  wide. 
The  soil  is  a  rich  loam,  adapted  to  grazing.  The 
inhabitants  are  chiefly  employed  in  agriculture. 
Two  ferries  connect  it,  one  with  Newport,  and 
the  other  with  South  Kingston.  Incorporated  in 
1743.  There  are  in  the  t.  1  store,  cap.  $1,200 ;  1 
grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,300.  1  sch.  52 
scholars.     Pop.  365. 

Jamestown,  p-v.,  Ellicott  t.,  Chautauque  co., 
N.  Y.,  331  w.  by  s.  Albany,  313  W.  Situated 
on  the  N.  side  of  the  outlet  of  Chautauque  lake, 
which  affords  good  water  power.  Incorporated 
in  1826.  It  contains  4  churches — 1  Presbyterian, 
1  Congregationalist,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist — 
a  bank,  an  academy,  15  stores,  1  woollen  fac,  1 
flouring  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1  sash  and  lath  fac,  1  pail 
fac,  1  chair  fac,  1  cabinet  fac,  1  leather  fac,  1 
iron  foundry  and  plough  fac,  and  1  carding  and 
cloth  dressing  works.  A  steamboat  plies  daily 
through  Chautauque  lake  from  this  place  to  May- 
ville,  21  ms. 

Jamestown,  p-v.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  251  w.  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  298  W. 

Jamestown,  p-v.,  Prince  Edward  co.,  Va.,  69 
w.  s.  w.  Richmond,  167  W.  Situated  on  Appo- 
mattox r.  It  contains  1  church,  free  to  all  denomi- 
nations, 2  stores,  and  several  dwellings. 

Jamestown,  James  City  co.,  Va.,  8  s.  w.  Wil- 
liamsburg, 65  e.  s.  E.  Richmond.  This  was  the 
first  English  settlement  made  in  the  United 
States,  having  been  founded  in  1608.  It  was 
situated  near  the  n.  side  of  James  r.,  on  a  point 
of  land  projecting  into  James  r.,  32  ms.  above  its 
mouth.  It  is  now  in  ruins,  containing  2  or  3  old 
houses,  the  ruins  of  an  old  church  steeple  and 
grave  yard,  and  of  ancient  fortifications. 


Jamestown,  p-v.,  Guilford  co.,  N.  C,  93  w.  by 
n.  Raleigh,  314  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Deep  r. 

Jamestown,  p-v.,  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  57  s.  w. 
Tuscaloosa,  875  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Tombigbee  r. 

Jamestown,  p-v.,  capital  of  Fentress  co., 
Tenn.,  124  e.  by  n.  Nashville,  580  W.  Situated 
on  the  side  of  Cumberland  mountain,  between 


JAS 


309 


JAY 


the  waters  of  s.  fork  of  Cumberland  and  Obid's 
rivers.  It  contains  a  court  house  and  several 
dwellings. 

Jamestown,  p  v.,  capital  of  Russell  co.,  Ky., 
99  s.  Frankfort,  613  W.  Situated  4  ms.  n.  of  the 
Cumberland  r.  It  has  a  brick  court  house,  and 
180  inhabitants. 

Jamestown,  p-v.,  Silver  Creek  t.,  Greene  co., 
O.,  64  w.  s.  w.  Columbus,  449  W.  It  contains  3 
brick  churches,  a  steam  grist  and  saw  m.,  a  card- 
ing machine,  moved  by  horse  power,  a  saw  m., 
by  water  power,  40  dwellings,  and  about  250  in- 
habitants. 

Jamestown,  p-v.,  Boone  co.,  la.,  23  n.  w.  In- 
dianapolis, 5lJlJ  W.  It  contains  1  store,  and  about 
150  inhabitants. 

Jamestown,  p-v.,  Sangamon  co.,  111.,  15  Spring- 
field, 765  W. 

Jamestown,  p-v.,  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  103  w.  Mad- 
ison, 898  W. 

Jamestown,  p-v.,  Andrew  co.,  Mo.  Situated 
4  ms.  n.  of  Missouri  r.  It  has  about  50  inhabit- 
ants. 

Jamesville,  p-v.,  De  Witt  L,  Onondaga  co., 
N.  Y.,  127  w.  by  n.  Albany,  348  W.  It  contains 
4  churches,  3  stores,  2  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  2 
plaster  m.,  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  50  dwellings, 
and  300  inhabitants. 

Jamesville,  p-v.,  Southampton  co.,  Va. 

Jamesville,  p-v.,  Cherokee  co.,  N.  C,  351  w. 
by  s.  Raleigh,  581  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of 
Valley  r. 

Janesville,  p-v.,  Rock  co.,  Wis.,  41  e.  s.  e. 
Madison,  806  W 

Jarrett's,  p-o.,  Sussex  co.,  Va.,  52  s.  by  e. 
Richmond,  171  W. 

Jarrett's  Ford,  p-o.,  Kanawha  co.,  Va.,  323 
w.  N.  w.  Richmond,  348  W. 

Jarrettsville,  p-o.,  Harford  co.,  Md.,  63  n. 
Annapolis,  73  W. 

Jarvis  Gore,  t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.  It  has  1 
saw  mill.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $500.  90  scholars 
in  schools.    Pop.  185. 

Jasper,  county,  Ga.  Situated  near  the  centre 
of  the  state,  and  contains  480  sq.  miles.  Watered 
by  branches  of  Oconee  r.  Capital,  Monticello. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,986,  sheep 
3,173,  swine  18,283;  wheat  35,436  bushels  pro- 
duced, Ind.  corn  443,903,  oats  20,362,  potatoes 
5,270,  cotton  5,058,630  pounds;  13  stores,  cap. 
$39,660 ;  2  tanneries,  12  distilleries,  19  brewer- 
ies, 1  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $6,528.  5  acad.  257  students.  8  sch. 
233  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,921,  slaves  6,155, 
freecol'd35;  total,  11,111. 

Jasper,  county,  Miss.  Situated  s.  e.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  650  square  ms. 
Watered  by  branches  of  Leaf  r.  Capital,  Pauld- 
ing. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  16,824, 
sheep  1,848,  swine  14,029;  wheat  2,550  bushels 
produced,  lnd.  corn  160,245,  oats  1,514,  potatoes 
23,377,  rice  5,612  pounds,  cotton  1,180,185;  7 
stores,  cap.  $50,500 ;  1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  4 
flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1  printing  office, 
1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,200. 
1  acad.  4  students,  3  sch.  83  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  2,701,  slaves  255,  free  colored  2;  total, 
3,958. 

Jasper,  county,  la.  Situated  toward  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  980  sq.  miles.  It 
consists  mostly  of  prairie,  interspersea  with  some 
timber.  Watered  by  the  Iroquois  r.,  which  is 
navigable  in  high  water,  and  by  Pine  and  Sugar 
crs.  Capital,  Rensselaer.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  2,711,  sheep  1,541,  swine  4,247 ;  wheat 
5,078  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  47,070,  oats  9,505, 
potatoes  3,278,  tobacco  210  pounds,  sugar  1,440 ; 


1  flouring  m.,  2  tjrist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  2  oil  in.     Cap. 
m  manufac.  $2,301.    IN. p.  1,287. 

Jasper,  county,  111.  Shotted  near  the  E.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  475  sq.  miles.  The  sur- 
face is  level,  two  thirds  prairie,  and  rntlur  \v<t. 
Watered  by  Embarrass  river.  Capital,  Newton. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  1,549,  sheep  iVJIl, 
swine  4,350;  wheat  2,6^0  bush,  produced,  lnd. 
com  39,487,  oats  3,490,  potatoes  3,079,  tobacco 
1,700  pounds,  sugar  5,470 ;  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,854.     Pop.  1,472. 

Jasper,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the  s.  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  980  sq.  ms.  Drained  by 
a  branch  of  Neosho  r.  Surface  undulating  ;  sod 
fertile.    Capital,  Jasper. 

Jasper,  p-t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  18  s.  w.  Bath, 
239  w.  by  s.  Albany,  289  W.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating ;  soil,  clay  and  gravelly  loam,  adapted 
to  grazing.  Drained  by  Bennett's  and  Tuscarora 
crs.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,000 ;  1  grist  m.,  15 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,320.  12  sch.  369 
scholars.     Pop.  1,187. 

Jasper,  p-v.,  capital  of  Walker  co.,  Ala.  (See 
Walker  C.  H.) 

Jasper,  p-v.,  Sunfish  t.,  Pike  co.,  O.,  66  s.  Co- 
lumbus, 401  W.  Situated  on  the  Ohio  canal,  3 
ms.  w.  Pike  ton. 

Jasper,  p-v.,  capital  of  Marion  co.,  Tenn.,  114 
s.  E.  Nashville,  634  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side 
of  Sequatchy  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house  and 
several  dwellings. 

Jasper,  p-v.,  capital  of  Hamilton  co.,  Flor.,  90 
e.  Tallahassee.  Situated  8  ms.  n.  of  Suwannee  r. 
It  contains  a  court  house  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Jasper,  t.,  Polk  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  556. 

Jasper,  p-v.,  capital  of  Dubois  co.,  la.,  124  s.  s. 
w.  Indianapolis,  655  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  w. 
side  of  the  Patoka  cr.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
3  stores,  and  about  75  inhabitants. 

Jasper,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jasper  co.,  Mo.,  163  s. 
w.  Jefferson  city,  1,109  W.  Situated  on  a  branch 
of  Neosho  r. 

Jasper,  t.,  Ralls  co.,  Mo.  It  has  3  schools,  81 
scholars.    Pop.  530. 

Jasper,  t.,  Newton  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  185. 

Java,  p-t.,  Wyoming  co.,  N.  Y.,  267  w.  Albany, 
352  W.  The  surface  is  rolling  ;  soil,  clay  loam, 
adapted  to  grazing.  Watered  by  Seneca  cr.  and 
head  waters  of  Cattaraugus  cr.  The  v.  is  situated 
on  Seneca  cr.,  and  contains  1  church,  2  stores,  1 
grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  clothier's  works,  and  20 
dwellings.    The  t.  contains  3  stores,  cap.  $8,000 ; 

2  fulling  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $10,400.    23  sch.  828  scholars.    Pop.  2,331. 

Java  Village,  p-o.,  Java  t.,  Wyoming  co.,  N. 
Y.,  271  w.  Albany,  356  W.  . 

Jay,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  E.  part  of  the 
state,  and  contains  370  sq.  ms.  The  soil  is  gene- 
rally fertile.  Watered  by  Salamanie  r.  Capital, 
Portland.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,933, 
sheep  646,  swine  7,421 ;  wheat  9,703  bush,  pro- 
duced, Ind.  corn  62,842,  oats  5,773,  potatoes  9,135, 
sugar  16,018  pounds;  8  stores,  cap.  $11,500;  4 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8*100.  1 
sch.  30  scholars.    Pop.  3,863. 

Jay,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  29  w.  N.  w.  Augus- 
ta, 607  W.  Situated  on  Androscoggin  r.,  which 
bounds  it  on  the  s.  The  soil  is  fertde,  and  well 
cultivated.  Incorporated  in  1795.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $1,500 ;  2  saw  m.,  18  sch.  760  scholars.  Pop. 

Jay,  p-t.,  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  58  n.  Montpeher,  o74 
W.  Situated  on  the  Canada  line.  It  is  moun- 
tainous in  the  s.  w.  part,  and  contains  considera- 
ble good  land.  Watered  by  branches  of  Missis- 
que  r.  It  has  2  saw  m.,  3  sch.  122  scholars.  Pop. 


JEF 


310 


JEF 


Jay,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  N.  Y.,  18  n.  Elisabeth,  148 
N.  Albany,  523  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous. 
Watered  by  a  branch  of  Au  Sable  r.,  along  which 
are  fertile  flats.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  e. 
branch  of  Au  Sable  r.,  and  contains  1  Methodist 
and  1  Baptist  church,  3  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw 
m.,  1  forge,  1  clothier's  works,  50  dwellings,  and 
about  400  inhabitants.  The  U  has  5  stores,  cap. 
$26,000 ;  2  fulling  m.,  5  forges,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $1,050.  13  sch.  582  scholars.  Pop.  2,258. 

Jay  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jay  co.,  la.,  100  n.  k. 
Indianapolis,  523  W.  Situated  on  the  N.  side  of 
Salamanie  r.  It  has  a  court  house,  and  a  few 
dwellings. 

Jaynesville,  p-o.,  Covington  co.,  Miss.,  69  s. 
f„  Jackson,  1,03$  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
a  small  branch  of  Leaf  r. 

Jeaneretts,  p-o.,  St.  Mary's  par.,  La.,  162  w. 
by  s.  New  Orleans,  1,297  W. 

Jefferson,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,125  square  miles. 
Bounded  w.  by  Lake  Ontario  and  St.  Lawrence  r. 
The  surface  is  level,  or  gently  uneven ;  soil,  a 
rich  sandy  loam.  Watered  by  Black  r.  through 
the  centre,  Indian,  Chaumout,  and  Perch  rs.  on 
the  N.,  and  Stony  and  Sandy  crs.  in  the  s.  w. 
Capital,  Watertown.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  78,694,  sheep  165,390,  swine  60,518 ;  wheat 
406,721  bush,  produced,  rye  18,396,  Indian  corn 
445,973,  buckwheat  36,641,  barley  74,540,  oats 
447,936,  potatoes  1,345,818,  hops  2,905  pounds, 
sugar  512,254  ;  2  commission  houses,  cap.  $5,000  ; 
166  stores,  cap.  $549,400 ;  18  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$189,250  ;  6  furnaces,  1  forge,  1  smelting  house 
produced  300,000  pounds  of  lead,  22  fulling  m., 
11  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  1,000  sp.,  31  tanne- 
ries, 9  distilleries,  8  breweries,  1  rope  fac,  8  flour- 
ing m.,  34  grist  m.,  109  saw  m.,  4  oil  m.,  1  paper 
factory,  4  printing  offices,  5  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $721,249.  1  college  200  stu- 
dents, 2  acad.  125  students,  292  sch.  11,548  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  60,984. 

Jefferson,  county,  Pa.  Situated  toward  the 
N.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,200  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  and  the  soil,  in  the  valleys, 

fenerally  fertile.  Watered  by  Mahoning  cr.,  and 
ittle  and  Big  Sandy  Lick  crs.,  and  Clarion  and 
Toby's  rivers.  Iron  ore  and  coal  are  abundant. 
Capital,  Brookville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  5,773,  sheep  7,342,  swine  8,898;  wheat 
43,598  bush,  produced,  rye  24,467,  Indian  corn 
23,369,  buckwheat  14,501,  oats  77,077,  potatoes 
64,110,  sugar  27,067  pounds;  19  stores,  capital 
$49,080 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  6  tanneries, 
2  distilleries,  14  grist  m.,  68  saw  m.,  1  printing 
office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$141,840.  1  acad.  25  students,  8  sch.  236  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  7,253. 

Jefferson,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  225  sq.  ms.  Bound- 
ed n.  e.  by  Potomac  r.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
broken ;  soil,  various.  Watered  by  Shenandoah 
r.  and  Opequan  cr.  Capital,  Charleston.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  11,915,  sheep  67,289, 
swine  72,467 ;  wheat  516,969  bush,  produced,  rye 
41,975,  Indian  corn  988,552,  barley  4,230,  oats 
71,999,  potatoes  151,443 ;  57  stores,  cap.  $320,000 ; 
2  furnaces,  3  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  6  tanne- 
ries, 4  distilleries,  1  brewery,  2  potteries,  18  flour- 
ing m.,  17  grist  m.,  40  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices, 
2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$344,300.  8  acad.  262  students,  19  sch.  475  schol- 
ars. Pop.  whites  9,323,  slaves  4,157,  free  colored 
602 ;  total,  14,082. 

Jefferson,  county,  Ga.  Situated  toward  the 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  660  sq.  miles. 
Ogeechee  r.  runs  through  its  s.  w.  part,  and  Brier 


cr.  runs  on  its  N.  E.  border.  Watered  by  Reedy 
and  Mill  crs.,  and  branches  of  Ogeechee  river. 
Capital,  Louisville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  8,023,  sheep  3,369,  swine  16,537;  wheat 
10,301  bush,  produced,  rye  1,198,  Indian  corn 
273,416,  oats  4,391,  potatoes  8,770,  cotton  6,443,120 
pounds ;  13  stores,  cap.  $39,660 ;  9  grist  m.,  9  saw 
m.  1  sch.  12  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,878,  slaves 
4,342,  free  col'd  35 ;  total,  7,254. 

Jefferson,  county,  Flor.  Situated  in  the  cen- 
tral part  of  the  ter.,  extending  from  Georgia  to  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  contains  702  sq.  ms.  Micka- 
suky  lake  lies  on  its  w.  part.  The  outlet  of  the 
lake  and  several  other  streams  unite,  and  2  miles 
s.  e.  of  the  lake,  where  they  constitute  a  consider- 
able mill  stream,  they  suddenly  sink  into  the  earth 
and  disappear.  The  soil,  in  many  parts,  is  fertile. 
Oscilla  r.  runs  on  its  e.  boundary.  Capital,  Mon- 
ticello.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,112, 
sheep  752,  swine  9,680  ;  Ind.  corn  125,540  bush, 
produced,  oats  2,015,  potatoes  25,904,  rice  7,300 
pounds,  tobacco  5,500,  cotton  1,855,715,  sugar 
46,850 ;  9  stores,  cap.  $41,000 ;  1  tannery,  4  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,000.  1  acad. 
90  students,  5  sch.  94  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,162, 
slaves  3,549,  free  col'd  2 ;  total,  5,713. 

Jefferson,  county,  Ala.  Situated  a  little  N. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,040  sq. 
ms.  Watered  by  Locust  Fork  of  Tuscaloosa  or 
Black  Warrior  r.  and  its  branches.  Capital,  Ely- 
ton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,032,  sheep 
2,331,  swine 22,163 ;  wheat 34,157bush.  produced, 
Ind.  corn  353,721,  oats  22,790,  potatoes  9,314,  to- 
bacco 4,003  pounds,  cotton  790,867  ;  5  stores,  cap. 
$13,000 ;  4  tanneries,  5  distilleries,  1  flouring  m., 
25  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$2,950.  33  sch.  464  scholars.  Pop.  whites  5,486, 
slaves  4,636,  free  col'd  9  ;  total,  7,131. 

Jefferson,  county,  Miss.  Situated  in  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  630  sq.  miles. 
Mississippi  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border.  Drained  by 
Fairchild's  and  Coles'  crs.  and  branches,  Bayou 
Pierre  and  Homochitto  rs.  Toward  the  w.,  and 
particularly  on  the  Mississippi,  the  soil  is  fertile  ; 
toward  the  E.  it  is  light,  and  covered  with  pines. 
Capital,  Fayette.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 15,156,  sheep  7,595,  swine  21,823 ;  Ind.  corn 
364,972  bush,  produced,  potatoes  30,881,  rice 
6,818  pounds,  cotton  14,038,479;  11  stores,  cap. 
$112,000 ;  2  tanneries,  153  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.,  2 
printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac  $88,300.  1  acad.  40  students,  15  sch. 
318  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,339,  slaves  9,176,  free 
col'd  85;  total,  11,650. 

Jefferson,  par.,  La.  Situated  in  the  s.  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  720  sq.  ms.  The  Mis- 
sissippi bounds  it  on  the  n.,  and  Barrataria  bay  of 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  on  the  s.  The  land,  except- 
ing on  the  margin  of  the  streams,  is  generally  too 
low  for  cultivation.  Capital,  La  Fayette.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,891,  sheep  6,781,  swine 
2,878  ;  Ind.  corn  198,813  bush,  produced,  potatoes 
82,250,  rice  104,260  pounds,  sugar  5,134,500;  143 
stores,  capital  $64,749 ;  81  lumber  yards,  capital 
$110,745  ;  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  1  pottery,  6  saw 
m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  daily  newspapers,  1  week- 
ly paper,  3  periodicals.  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$786,000.  1  acad.  55  students,  2  sch.  29  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  4,866,  slaves  4,986,  free  col'd  618 ; 
total,  10,470. 

Jefferson,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  toward 
the  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  356  sq.  ms. 
Holston  r.  runs  on  its  n.  w.  border,  and  French 
Broad  r.  waters  it  in  the  s.  part.  The  surface  is 
uneven  and  rough,  but  it  has  some  fertile  soil. 
Capital,  Dandridge.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  7,780,  sheep  9,998,  swine  27,717;  wheat 


JEF 


311 


JEF 


80,449  bush,  prod.,  rye  1,619,  Ind  com  336,644, 
oats  77,967,  potatoes  12,6 SI,  tobacco  10,107 pounds, 
cotton  10,809,  sugar  4,883 ;  17  stores,  cap.  $86,500 ; 
2  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  500  sp., 
49  tanneries,  18  distilleries,  1  powder  m.,  1  potte- 
ry, 12  flouring  m.,  33  grist  m.,  30  saw  m.,  3  oil  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $62,272.     1  college,  80  students, 

1  acad.  45  students,  13  sch.  320  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  10,662,  slaves  1,282,  free  col'd  132 ;  total, 
12,076. 

Jefferson,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part,  of  the  state,  and  contains  504  sq.  ms.  The 
Ohio  r.  runs  on  its  N.  w.  border.  Drained  by 
Floyd's  fork  and  Pond  cr.,  branches  of  Salt  r. 
The  rapids  of  the  Ohio  lie  opposite  to  this  co., 
around  which  is  a  canal.  Capital,  Louisville. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  12,716,  sheep 
1 1,971,  swine  42,266;  wheat  115,175  bush,  prod., 
rye  16,969,  Ind.  corn  665,899,  barley  1,750,  oats 
156,092,  potatoes  60,604,  tobacco  75,360  pounds, 
sugar  3,944;  1  commercial  and  11  com.  houses, 
cap.  $191,800 ;  270  stores,  cap.  $2,182,980 ;  3  lum- 
ber yards,  cap.  $52,000 ;  9  tanneries,  9  distilleries, 

2  breweries,  1  glass  fac,  2  potteries,  11  flouring 
m.,  17  grist  m.,  17  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  paper  fac, 
7  printing  offices,  2  binderies,  1  periodical,  5  dai- 
ly, 7  weekly,  3  semi-weekly  newspapers.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $864,006.  1  college,  80  students,  15 
acad.  452  students,  37  sch.  814  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  26,987,  slaves  8,596,  free  col'd  763 ;  total, 
36,316. 

jEFFERSOiN,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  E.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  396  sq.  ms.  Ohio  r. 
runs  on  its  e.  border.  Drained  by  Cross,  Short, 
and  Yellow  creeks,  which  afford  water  power. 
The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  fertile.  Capital, 
Steubenville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
8,566,  sheep  18,814,  swine  11,279;  wheat  287,436 
bush,  produced,  rye  2,001,  Ind.  corn  177,459,  bar- 
ley 2,963,  oats  215,378,  potatoes  50,189,  sugar  1,000 
pounds ;  3  com.  houses,  cap.  $3,200 ;  62  stores, 
cap.  $120,800;  5  lumber  yards,  cap.  $23,000; 
1  furnace,  1  fulling  m.,  7  woollen  fac,  1  cotton 
fac.  10,224  sp.,  10  tanneries,  4  distilleries,  2  brew- 
eries, 24  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  22  saw  m.,  1  oil 
m.,  1  paper  fac,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  news- 
papers. Cap.  in  manufac  $330,980.  1  college, 
208  students,  2  acad.  170  students,  44  sch.  2,906 
scholars.     Pop.  25,030. 

Jefferson,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  s.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  360  sq.  ms.  Ohio 
r.  bounds  it  on  the  s.  e.  Drained  by  branches 
of  Muscatatack  r.,  by  Indian  Kentucky  cr.,  and 
Big  and  Lewis  creeks.  The  surface  is  various, 
and  the  soil  productive.  Organized  in  1809.  Capi- 
tal, Madison.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
12,000,  sheep  13,477,  swine  15,135;  wheat  85,483 
bush,  produced,  rye  2,126,  Ind.  corn  250,007,  oats 
84,264,  potatoes  14,597,  tobacco  13,180  pounds, 
sugar  6,603;  11  commercial  and  5  com.  houses, 
cap.  $960,000;  35  stores,  cap.  $227,529;  1  fur- 
nace, 1  cotton  fac.  800  sp.,  12  tanneries,  1  brew- 
ery, 10  flouring  m.,  21  grist  m.,  31  saw  m.,  1  oil 
m.",  1  paper  fac,  2  printing  offices,  4  weekly  news- 

?apers.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $233,693.     1  college, 
2  students,  1  acad.  22  students,  16  sch.  1,050 
scholars.     Pop.  16,614. 

Jefferson,  county,  111.  Situated  centrally,  in 
the  s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  576  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  branches  of  Big  Muddy  and  Little 
Wabash  rivers.  The  surface  is  one-third  prairie, 
and  the  soil  moderately  fertile.  Capital,  Mount 
Vernon.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  12,370, 
sheep  6,001,  swine  17,955;  wheat  11,503  bush, 
produced,  Ind.  corn  271,800,  oats  27,797,  potatoes 
6,802,  tobacco  29,272  pounds,  cotton  13,862 ;  10 
stores,  cap.  $23,900 ;  2  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  14 


grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,118.  I 
acad.  125  students,  8  sch.  375  scholars.  Pop. 
5,762. 

Jefferson,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  500  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Big  r.  and  Joachim  cr.  The  surface  is  hilly 
and  broken  ;  soil,  various.  Minerals  and  min- 
eral springs  abound.  Capital,  Hillsboro'.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,753,  sheep  4,2(>2,  swine 
13,533;  wheat  13,350  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
182,125,  oats  20,195,  potatoes  4,836,  tobacco  3,000 
pounds ;  6  stores,  cap.  $18,000 ;  1  smelting  house, 
prod.  775,000  pounds  of  lead,  2  tanneries,  1  dis- 
tillery, 3  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  (up. 
in  manufac.  $20,900.  5  sch.  88  scholars.  Pop. 
4,296. 

Jefferson,  county,  Ark.  Situated  a  little  s. 
e.  of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,180 
sq.  ms.  Watered  by  Arkansas  r.,  which  runs 
through  its  centre.  Capital,  Pine  Bluffs.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,443,  sheep  439,  swine 
8,871 ;  Ind.  corn  157,560  bush,  produced,  poiatoea 
6,730,  cotton  659,750  lbs. ;  7  stores,  cap.  $49,100 ; 
1  tannery,  17  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac $34,100.  Pop.  whites  1,551,  slaves  1,010,  free 
col'd  5;  total,  2,566. 

Jefferson,  county,  Wis.  Situated  toward  tlie 
s.  part  of  the  territory,  and  contains  576  sq.  ms.  It 
is  well  timbered,  and  has  some  swamps.  Drained 
by  Rock  r..  passing  through  its  centre.  Capital, 
Jefferson.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  1,045, 
sheep  32,  swine  1,763;  wheat  6,647  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  186,  Ind.  corn  15,192,  oats  4,465,  pota- 
toes 14,410,  sugar  13,050  pounds;  1  store,  cap. 
$2,500 ;  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $11,000.  G 
sch.  133  scholars.    Pop.  914. 

Jefferson,  county,  Iowa.  Situated  in  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  territory,  and  contains  380  sq.  ms. 
Organized  in  1839.  Drained  by  Checauque  or 
Skunk  r.  and  its  branches.  It  has  a  fertile  soil. 
Limestone  and  stone  coal  are  found.  Capital, 
Fairfield.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,075, 
sheep  2,118,  swine  7,172;  wheat  4,223  bush,  pro- 
duced, Ind.  corn  89,675,  oats  10,795 ;  7  stores,  cap. 
$16,500;  5  saw  m.,  7  sch.  151  scholars.  Pop. 
2,773. 

Jefferson,  p-t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  21  s.  e.  Au- 
gusta, 613  W.  It  lies  around  Damariscotta  pond, 
the  outlet  of  which  forms  Damariscotta  r.  It  has 
other  ponds,  from  one  of  which  flows  Dyer's  r., 
a  branch  of  the  Sheepscut  r.  Incorporated  in 
1807.  It  has  11  stores,  cap.  $3,650 ;  2  fulling  m., 
4  tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $21,496.     15  sch.  345  scholars.    Pop.  2,214. 

Jefferson,  p-t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H.,  108  n.  Con- 
cord, 569  W.  Watered  by  Israel's  r.  A  pond  in 
the  t.  gives  rise  to  John's  r.  The  surface  is  un- 
even and  mountainous,  and  it  has  some  good  land, 
adapted  chiefly  to  grazing.  It  has  1  store,  1  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,100.  5  sch. 
200  scholars.     Pop.  575. 

Jefferson,  p-t.,  Schoharie  co.,  N.  Y.,  56  w. 
Albany,  375  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  moun- 
tainous ;  soil,  generally  a  poor  sandy  loam,  ex- 
cepting in  the  valleys.  Drained  by  head  branches 
of  Delaware  r.  and  branches  of  Schoharie  cr., 
forming  the  height  of  land  between  Delaware  and 
Hudson  rivers.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $3,200;  3 
fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap, 
in  manufac.  $3,600.  2  acad.  157  students,  18  sch. 
609  scholars.    Pop.  2,033. 

Jefferson,  v.,  Dix  t.,  Chemung  co.,  IN.  *. 
Situated  at  the  s.  end  of  Seneca  lake,  and  at  the 
termination  of  the  Chemung  canal.  It  has  a  con- 
venient steamboat  landing,  and  contains  1  Epis- 
copal church,  3  stores,  3  warehouses,  1  flouring 
m.,  1  steam  saw  m.,  1  plaster  do.,  30  dwellings, 


JEF 


312 


JEF 


A  steamboat  runs 


and  about  200  inhabitants 
daily,  40  miles,  to  Geneva. 

Jefferson,  t.,  Morns  co.,  N.  J.,  lo  N.  w.  Mor-j 
ristovvn.  The  surface  is  covered  with  mountains, 
except  one  deep  and  narrow  valley.  Drained  by 
Rockaway  r.,  which  affords  good  water  power. 
Hurd's  pond,  H  m.  long  and  I  wide,  enters  Ho- 
patcong  lake,  from  3  to  4  ms.  long  and  1  wide, 
covering  3,000  acres,  which  forms  a  feeder  to  the 
summit  level  of  the  Morris  canal.  Iron  is  exten- 
sively found  in  the  mountains.  It  contains  2 
stores,  cap.  $35,000;  11  bloomeries,  1  distillery, 
2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,100. 
5  sch.  175  scholars.    Pop.  1,412. 

Jefferson,  p-t.,  Greene  co.,  Pa.,  204  w.  by  s. 
Harrisburg,  220  W.  Monongahela  r.  bounds  it 
on  the  E.  The  surface  is  rolling;  soil,  loam. 
The  v.  is  situated  on  Ten  Mile  cr.,  4  miles  from 
its  mouth,  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  scenery,  and 
contains  5  stores,  100  dwellings,  and  about  500 
inhabitants.  Incorporated  in  1827.  There  are 
in  the  t.  7  stores,  cap.  $20,150 ;  2  tannenes,  2  dis- 
tilleries, 3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$5,950.    5  sch.  125  scholars.     Pop.  1,295. 

Jefferson,  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $10,300 ;  1  tannery,  7  distilleries,  2 
flouring  m.,  5  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  '  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $36,175.  10  sch.  450  scholars.  Pop.  1,779. 
Jefferson,  t.,  Fayette  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $4,200 ;  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  glass 
house,  1  paper  fac,  1  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  5 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,485.  3  sch.  75 
scholars.     Pop.  1,316. 

Jefferson,  t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.  It  has  3  saw 
m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,100.    Pop.  282. 

Jefferson,  p-t.,  capital  of  Ashtabula  co.,  O., 
204  n.  E.  Columbus,  338  W.  Situated  on  Mills' 
cr.,  10  miles  from  its  entrance  into  Lake  Erie.  It 
contains  a  brick  court  house,  40  by  50  feet,  an 
academy,  3  stores,  and  a  piinting  office,  issuing  a 
weekly  newspaper.  The  t.  contains  5  sch.  11 
scholars.     Pop.  710, 


Jefferson,  t.,  Adams  co.,  O.    It  contains  the  Annapolis,  51  W 


tanneries,  1  grist  m ,  1  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac. 
$10,650.     12  sch.  370  scholars.     Pop.  607. 

Jefferson,  t.,  Mercer  co.,  O.  It  has  1  sch. 
25  scholars.     Pop.  368. 

Jefferson,  t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.  It  contains 
the  v.  of  Dresden,  and  has  2  flouring  m.,  3  saw 
m.,  6  sch.  376  scholars.     Pop.  1,369. 

Jefferson,  t.,  Preble  co.,  O.  >  The  national 
road  passes  through  it.     Pop.  2,164. 

Jefferson,  t.,  Ross  co.,  O.  The  Scioto  r.  runs 
on  its  s.  w.  border.  Drained  by  Walnut  and  Salt 
creeks  and  their  tributaries,  the  latter  of  which 
affords  water  power.     Pop.  871. 

Jefferson,  t.,  Richland  co.,  O.  It  has  9  sch. 
950  scholars.     Pop.  2,325. 

Jefferson,  t.,  Scioto  co.,  O.  It  borders  on 
Scioto  r.,  on  which  the  bottom  land  is  very  fer- 
tile.    It  has  2  sch.  40  scholars.     Pop.  578. 

Jefferson,  t.,  Tuscarawas  co.,  O.  It  has  2 
saw  m.,  5  sch.  336  scholars.     Pop.  992. 

Jefferson,  t.,  Williams  co.,  O.  It  has  1  grist 
m.  Cap  in  manufac.  $4,000.  1  sch.  25  scholars 
Pop.  353. 

Jefferson,  p-v.,  Clinton  co.,  la.,  46  n.  by  w. 
Indianapolis,  604  W.  Situated  on  the  borders 
of  a  beautiful  prairie,  4  ms.  w.  of  Frankfort,  and 
contains  2  or  3  stores,  and  about  75  inhabitants. 

Jefferson,  t.,  Miami  co.,  la.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $6,000 ;  2  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $1,400.  1  sch.  25  scholars.  Pop.  481. 
Jefferson,  t.,  Noble  co.,  la.  Pop.  68. 
Jefferson,  t.,  Putnam  co.,  la.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $2,700;  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,010.  8  sch.  489  scholars. 
P°P-  M29.  ■       i    ,       ,      , 

Jefferson,  t,  Saline  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch. 
8  scholars.    Pop.  765. 

Jefferson,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch. 
18  scholars.    Pop.  326. 

Jefferson,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  Wis.    It  has  1 
sch.  42  scholars.     Pop.  250. 
Jefferson,  p-v.,  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  83  n.  w. 


v.  of  Brush  Creek  Furnace,  11  E.  of  West  Union 
It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $1,200 ;  1  flouring  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $3,650.  1  sch.  50  scholars.  Pop. 
937. 

Jefferson,  t.,  Clinton  co.,  O.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $100  ;  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $235.  3 
sch.  216  scholars.  Pop.  474. 
Jefferson,  t.,  Coshocton  co.,  O.  Pop.  771. 
Jefferson,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  O.,  12  e.  by  n. 
Columbus.  Watered  by  Black  Lick  and  Rocky 
fork  of  Big  Walnut  creeks.  The  surface  is  lev- 
el ;  soil,  moderately  fertile.  It  has  12  sch.  300 
scholars.    Pop.  1,040. 

Jefferson,  t.,  Guernsey  co.,  O.  It  has  3  sch. 
90  scholars.     Pop.  941. 

Jefferson,  t.,  Jackson  co.,  O.,  6  or  8  ms.  e. 
Jackson  C.  H.  It  has  1  sch.  26  scholars.  Pop. 
752. 

Jefferson,  t.,  La  Fayette  co.,  O.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $7,000 ;  3  gris't  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $1,450.  12  sch.  300  scholars.  Pop. 
1,949. 

Jefferson,  t.,  Logan  co.,  O.  It  has  5  sch.  135 
scholars.     Pop.  1,527. 

Jefferson,  t.,  Knox  co.,  O.  It  has  5  sch.  180 
scholars.     Pop.  988. 

Jefferson,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  O.  It  contains 
the  village  of  Liberty,  and  has  3  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.,  and  8  distilleries,  5  sch.  260  scholars.  Pop. 
1,895. 

Jefferson,  t.,  Madison  co.,  O.,  14  w.  Colum- 
bus. The  national  road  passes  tlirough  it.  Wa- 
tered by  Little  Darby  cr.  The  v.  contains  295 
inhabitants.    The  t.  has  5  stores,  cap.  $63,000 


Powhatan  co.,  Va.,  34  w. 


Jefferson,  p-o., 
Richmond,  136  W. 

Jefferson,  p-v.,  capital  of  Ashe  co.,  in.  c, 
202  av.  n.  w.  Raleigh,  366  W.  Situated  on  the 
w.  side  of  New  river.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Jefferson,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jackson  co.,  Ga., 
95  n.  Milledgeville,  630  W.  Situated  on  w.  side 
of  Oconee  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  an 
academy,  several  stores,  and  about  25  dwellings. 

Jefferson,  p-v.,  capital  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala., 
152  N.  E.  Tuscaloosa,  677  W.  Situated  on  the 
n.  side  of  Coosa  r.  It  has  a  court  house,  and 
several  dwellings. 

Jefferson,  p-v.,  Rutherford  co.,  lenn.,  Z'Z  s. 
E.  Nashville,  677  W.  Situated  on  w.  side  of 
Stone's  r.,  a  branch  of  Cumberland  r.,  at  the 
junction  of  the  West  Fork.  . 

Jefferson,  t.,  Cass  co.,  Mich.  The  soil  is 
fertile,  adapted  to  grain.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,700.  1  sch.  25  scholars. 
Pop.  471.  ,xr. 

Jefferson,  p-t.,  capital  of  Jefferson  co.,  Wis., 
36  e.  Madison,  834  W.    It  has  1  sch.  42  scholars. 

Jefferson  Barracks,  p-v.,  and  U.S.  Mili- 
tary Station,  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  142  E.  Jefferson 
City,  822  W.  . .,-  ^     , 

Jefferson  City,  p-v.,  capital  of  Cole  co.,  and 
of  the  state  of  Missouri,  936  w.  Washington  City. 
Situated  on  the  s.  bank  of  the  Missouri  r.,  on  ele- 
vated and  uneven  ground,  and  contains  a  state 
house,  a  governor's  house,  which  is  large  and 
elegant,  a  state  penitentiary,  an  academy,  several 


JEN 


313 


JRR 


large  mercantile  establishments,  and  a  fino  steam 
saw  m.,  200  dwellings,  and  1,174  inhabitants. 

Jefferson,  t.,  Cole  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  acad. 
33  students,  2  sch.  42  scholars.     Pop.  2,013. 

Jefferson,  t.,  Clarke  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch. 
13  scholars.     Pop.  357. 

Jefferson,  t.,  Johnson  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch. 
20  scholars.     Pop.  748. 

Jefferson,  t.,  Livingston  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  502. 

Jefferson,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  Mo.  It  has  4  sch. 
101  scholars.     Pop.  1,507. 

Jefferson,  t.,  Sevier  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $1,500  ;  1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $600. 
1  sch.  35  scholars.     Pop.  383. 

Jefferson  Hall,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Ga.,  53  n. 
Milledgeville,  592  W. 

Jeffersonton,  p-v.,  Culpepper  co.,  Va.,  112 
N.  n.  w.  Richmond,  61  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Rappahannock  r.  It  contains  1  Baptist 
church,  3  stores,  1  tannery,  and  about  300  in- 
habitants. Lee's  Sulphur  Springs  are  in  the 
vicinity. 

Jeffersonton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Camden  co., 
Ga.,  270  s.  s.  e.  Milledgeville,  779  W.  Situated 
on  the  s.  side  of  St.  Ilia  r.,  at  the  head  of  naviga- 
tion. It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  several 
stores,  and  about  50  dwellings. 

Jeffersontown,  p-v.,  Jefferson  co.,  Ky.,  66 
w.  Frankfort,  608  W.  It  has  3  churches  and 
about  350  inhabitants. 

Jeffersonville,  p-v.,  Lamoille  co.,  Vt.,  45  n. 
Montpelier,  545  W. 

Jeffersonville,  p-v.,  Norristown  t.,  Mont- 
gomery co.,  Pa.,  101  e.  Harrisburg,  159  W.  It 
contains  a  store  and  10  or  12  dwellings. 

Jeffersonville,  p-v.,  Fayette  co.,  O.,  60  s. 
w.  Columbus,  453  W. 

Jeffersonville,  Tazewell  co.,  Va.  (See 
Tazewell  C.  H. 

Jeffersonville,  p-v.,  Clark  co.,  la.,  117  s.  by 
e.  Indianapolis,  597  W.  It  is  situated  on  a  high 
bank,  on  n.  side  of  Ohio  r.,  opposite  Louisville, 
Ky.,  and  just  above  the  rapids  of  the  Ohio. 
There  is  a  good  landing  here,  caused  by  an  eddy 
in  the  river.  It  has  a  ship  yard,  an  iron  foundry, 
6  stores,  a  steam  grist  and  saw  m.,  and  about  700 
inhabitants. 

Jeffress'  Store,  p-o.,  Nottoway  co.,  Va.,  74 
s.  w.  Richmond,  193  W. 

Jeffrey's  Creek,  p-o.,  Marion  dist.,  S.  C,  129 
E.  Columbia,  470  W. 

Jellico,  p-o.,  Whitley  co.,  Ky.,  139  s.  s.  e. 
Frankfort,  557  W. 

Jena,  n-o.,  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala.,  21  Tuscaloo- 
sa, 839  W. 

Jenks,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $500.    Pop.  20. 

Jenkins'  Store,  p-o.,  Anson  co.,  N.  C,  168 
s.  w.  Raleigh,  413  W. 

Jenkintown,  p-v.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  107 
E.  Harrisburg,  148  W. 

Jenner,  t.,  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  12  n.  w.  Somer- 
set b.  The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  reddish  clay. 
Drained  by  Beaver  Dam  run,  on  which  coal  is 
found.  The  b.  contains  a  store  and  12  or  15 
dwellings.  The  t.  has  3  stores,  cap.  $12,500 ;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fee,  3  tanneries,  4  distille- 
ries, 6  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$10,000.     1  sch.  37  scholars.     Pop.  1,469. 

Jexnersville,  p-v.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  69  e.  by 
s.  Harrisburg,  98  W.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  in 
a  fertile  country,  and  contains  2  stores,  30  or  35 
dwellings,  and  a  Friends  church  in  the  vicinity. 

Jennings,  county,  la.    Situated  toward  the  s. 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  380  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  calcareous  loam.     Or- 
ganized in  1816.    Watered  by  Graham's  Fork, 
40 


and  n.  fork  of  Moacatatack  r.  and  8end  cr., 
which  afford  good  water  power.  The  .Madison 
and  Indianapolis  railroad  is  located  through  the 
co.  Capital,  Vernon.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  7,2S3,  sheep  7,037,  swine  14,318;  wheat 
56,691  bush,  produced,  rye  1,971,  Indian  com 
170,115,  oats81,23S,  potatoes  9,515,  tobaeco  21,125 
pounds;  18  stores,  cap.  $39,700 ;  9  tanneries,  4 
distilleries,  2  flouring  m.,  10  grist  m.,  16  saw  m., 
1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $42,200.  2  acad.  135  students,  17  sch. 
555  scholars.    Pop.  8,829. 

Jennings,  t.,  Van  Wert  co.,  O.    Pop.  88. 

Jennings,  t.,  Putnam  co.,  O.    Pop.  360. 

Jennings,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  la.,  79  e.  8.  E. 
Indianapolis. 

Jenning's  Gap,  p-o.,  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  129  w. 
N.  w.  Richmond,  156  W. 

Jenning's  Ordinary,  p-o.,  Nottoway  co.,  Va., 
75  s.  w.  Richmond,  182  W. 

Jennon's  RuN,p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Md. 

Jericho,  p-t.,  Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  52  n.  w. 
Montpelier,  528  w.  Onion  r.  runs  on  its  s.  w. 
border.  Watered  by  Brown's  r.,  which,  with 
other  streams,  afford  water  power.  Chartered  in 
1763.  Organized  in  1786.  The  surface  is  un- 
even ;  soil,  on  the  streams,  rich  and  fertile.  It 
has  3  stores,  cap.  $9,000 ;  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m., 
6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,800.  1  acad. 
50  students,  9  sch.  455  scholars.     Pop.  1,685. 

Jericho,  p-v.,  Oyster  Bay  t.,  Queens  co.,  N. 
Y.,  173  s.  by  e.  Albany,  253  W.  It  contains  1 
Friends  church,  3  stores,  1  tannery,  40  dwellings, 
and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Jericho,  p-v.,  Wayne  co.,  N.  C,  71  s.  w.  Ra- 
leigh, 301  W. 

Jericho,  p-v.,  Perry  co.,  Ala.,  53  s.  Tuscaloo- 
sa, 821  W. 

Jericho  Centre,  p-v.,  Jericho  t.,  Chittenden 
co.,  Vt.,  32  n.  w.  Montpelier,  518  W.  It  contains 
a  Congregational  church,  a  store,  and  several 
dwellings. 

Jeromesville,  p-v.,  Mohiccan  t.,  Wayne  co., 
O.,  82  n.  E.  Columbus,  359  W.  It  contains  2 
churches,  5  stores,  and  about  40  dwellings. 

Jersey,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  300  sq.  ms.  Illinois  r. 
bounds  it  on  the  w.  and  Mississippi  r.  on  the  s. 
Watered  bya  branch  of  Illinois  r.  Capital,  Jer- 
sey ville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,129, 
sheep  4,274,  swine  14,807;  wheat  39,480  bush, 
produced,  Ind.  corn  258,924,  oats  48,077,  potatoes 
16,971,  tobacco  15,086  pounds,  cotton  1,806; 
5  stores,  cap.  $23,410 ;  4  tanneries,  1  pottery,  5 
flouring  m.,  8  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  1  printing  office, 
1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $61,546. 
Pop.  4,535. 

jersey,  p-v.,  Bradford  t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y., 
205  w.  by  s.  Albany,  317  W.  Situated  on  Mead 
cr.,  and  contains  2  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m., 
1  distillery,  25  dwellings,  and  about  150  inhabit- 
ants. 

Jersey  City,  p-v.,  Hudson  co.,  N.  J.,  58  n.  e. 
Trenton,  224  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Hudson  r.,  opposite  to  New  York,  with  which  it 
is  connected  by  a  ferry,  on  which  3  steamboats 
are  constantly  plying.  Incorporated  as  a  city  in 
1820.  The  ground  on  which  it  is  built  projects 
into  Hudson  r.,  having  bays  n.  and  s.  of  it.  It  is 
handsomely  laid  out,  with  broad  streets,  crossing 
each  other  at  right  angles.  It  contains  4  churches 
— 1  Episcopal,  1  Dutch  Reformed,  1  Methodist, 
and  1  Roman  Catholic— a  Lyceum,  with  a  hand- 
some brick  edifice,  a  female  academy,  and  a  high 
school  for  boys,  a  bank,  an  extensive  pottery, 
where  beautiiul  delfware  is  produced  to  the  an- 
nual amount  of  $200,500,  a  flint  glass  fee,  which 


JES 


314 


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employs  100  hands,  producing  plain  and  cut  glass  I 
to  the  amount  of  $200,000  annually,  3  lumber  j 
yards  with  a  cap.  of  $3,000,  2  iron  foundries, 
300  dwellings,  many  of  them  large  and  elegant. 
The  New  Jersey  railroad,  which  is  continued  to 
Philadelphia,  and  the  Patterson  and  Hudson  rail- 
road commence  here,  and  have  a  fine  depot,  and 
the  Morris  canal,  101  miles  long,  connecting  the 
Delaware  and  Hudson  rivers,  terminates  here, 
with  a  large  basin.  The  Thatched  Cottage  Garden 
is  a  beautiful  place  of  summer  resort.  It  has  23 
stores,  cap.  $27,000  ;  2  printing  offices,  1  bindery, 
2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$203,000.  11  sch.  339  scholars.  Pop.  3,072. 
Directly  w.  of  Jersey  city  is  a  settlement,  called 
Harsimus,  which  contains  1  Baptist  church,  1 
iron  foundry,  1  rope-walk,  1  starch  fac,  and 
about  25  dwellings.  To  the  n.  of  this  is  another 
considerable  settlement,  called  Pavonia,  which 
contains  3  carpet  fac,  and  about  50  dwellings. 
Both  of  these  may  be  considered  as  suburbs  of 
Jersey  city. 

Jersey,  p-t.,  Licking  co.,  O.,  35  n.  e.  Colum- 
bus, 384  W.  It  is  in  a  well  cultivated  region, 
and  contains  1  store. "  It  has  4  sch.  207  scholars. 
Pop.  932. 

Jersey  Settlement,  p-o.,  Davidson  co.,  N. 
Carolina. 

Jersey  Shore,  p-b.,  Mifflin  t.,  Lycoming  co., 
Pa.,  99  n.  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  209  W.  Situated  on 
the  n.  side  of  the  west  branch  of  Susquehanna  r., 
and  contains  1  Methodist  church,  6  stores,  and 
about  100  dwellings.  Incorporated  in  1826.  The 
Western  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  canal  pass- 
es through  the  place.  It  has  11  stores,  cap. 
$38,000  ;  2  tanneries.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,250. 
2  sch.  80  scholars.     Pop.  525. 

Jerseytown,  p-v.,  Madison  t.,  Columbia  co., 
Pa.,  84  n.  by  E.  Harrisburg,  194  W.  It  contains 
1  Episcopal  church,  1  store,  and  about  30  dwell- 
ings. 

Jerseyville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jersey  co.,  111., 
71  s.  w.  Springfield,  821 W.  Beautifully  situated 
in  Jersey  prairie,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
and  about  25  dwellings. 

Jessee's  Store,  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,  Ky. 
Jerusalem,  p-t.,  Yates  co.,  N.  Y.,  5  w.  Penn 
Yan,  199  w.  Albany,  325  W.  The  surface  is 
uneven ;  soil,  a  fertile  clay  and  gravelly  loam. 
Watered  by  the  w.  branch  of  Crooked  lake,  and 
a  small  stream  flowing  into  it.  Jemima  Wilkin- 
son, the  founder  of  the  Shakers,  resided,  and  died 
here  in  1819.  It  has  3  'stores,  cap.  $9,700 ;  2 
tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $24,480.  16  sch.  838  scholars.  Pop.  2,935. 
Jerusalem,  p-v.,  capital  of  Southampton  co., 
Va.,  70  e.  s.  e.  Richmond,  189  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  and  several  dwellings. 

Jerusalem  South,  p-v.,  Hempstead  t., 
Queens  co.,  N.  Y.,  176  s.  by  e.  Albany,  256  W 
The  v.  is  chiefly  an  agricultural  settlement,  3  ms. 
N.  of  the  s.  post-road,  and  contains  1  Friends 
church,  2  stores,  1  tannery,  and  25  or  30  dwell- 
ings, not  very  compact. 

Jessamine,  county,  Ky.  Centrally  situated 
toward  the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  256 
sq.  ms.  Kentucky  r.  bounds  it  on  the  s.  e.,  s., 
and  s.  w.  The  surface  is  moderately  uneven  ; 
soil,  fertile.  Watered  by  Jessamine  cr.,  Hickman 
cr.,  and  branches  of  Clear  cr.,  which  flow  into 
Kentucky  r.  Capital,  Nicholasville.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle,  8,636,  sheep  15,685,  swine 
23,650  ;  wheat  61,806  bush,  produced,  rye  59,121, 
Ind.  corn  477,912,  oats  76,160,  potatoes  19,041' 
tobacco  73,793  pounds  ;  23  stores,  cap.  $63,125  ; 
1  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac  352  sp.,  5  tanneries, 
12  distilleries  11  flouring  m.,  30  grist  m.,  26  saw 


m.,  1  paper  fac.  Cap.  in  manufac  $322,664.  3 
acad.  66  students,  21  sch.  534  scholars.  Pop. 
9,396. 

Jessamine,  t.,  Clark  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  304. 

Jessup's  Landing,  p-v.,  Corinth  t.,  Saratoga 
co.,  N.  Y.  Situated  on  Hudson  r.,  and  contains 
1  church,  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  2  tanneries,  35 
dwellings,  and  about  2U0  inhabitants. 

Jetersville,  p-o.,  Amelia  co.,  Va.,  53  s.  w. 
Richmond,  170  W. 

•  Jewett  City,  p-v.,  Griswold  t,  New  London 
co.,  Ct.,  47  E.  by  s.  Hartford,  365  W.  Situated 
on  the  e.  side  of  Quinnebaug  r.,  at  the  junction 
of  Patchaug  r.,  and  contains  1  Congregational 
church,  5  stores,  a  bank,  3  cotton  fac,  and  about 
900  inhabitants.  The  water  power  here  is  very 
extensive.  The  Norwich  and  Worcester  railroad 
passes  through  the  place. 

Joanna  Furnace,  p-o.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  59  E. 
Harrisburg,  140  W. 

Jobstown,  p-v.,  Springfield  t.,  Burlington  co., 
N.  J.,  26  s.  Trenton,  166  W.  It  contains  a  store, 
and  10  or  12  dwellings. 

Joachim,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch. 
15  scholars.    Pop.  737. 

Jo-Da viess,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  n. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  724  sq.  ms. 
Watered  by  Fever  r.,  and  Apple,  Rush,  and 
Plum  creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
hilly  ;  soil,  well  adapted  to  agriculture,  but  richer 
in  mines,  containing  abundantly,  lead  and  copper 
ore.  Named  in  honor  of  an  heroic  general,  who 
fell  in  the  battle  of  Tippecanoe.  Capital,  Galena. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,107,  sheep  519, 
swine  8,405;  wheat  18,560  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  103,934,  oats  33,955,  potatoes  59,240;  17 
stores,  cap.  $83,000  ;  20  smelting  houses,  produc- 
ing 8,755,000  pounds  of  lead,  and  1  smelling 
house,  gold  to  the  value  of  $200;  9  flouring  m., 
10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $77,400.  1  acad. 
70  students,  9  sch.  297  scholars.     Pop.  6,180. 

Joe's  Brook,  or  Merritt  r.,  Vt.,  a  branch  of 
Pasumsic  r.,  which  it  enters  in  Barnet  t.,  afford- 
ing valuable  water  power. 

Joe's  Lick,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  Ky.,  58  s.  e. 
Frankfort,  556  W. 

John's,  r.,  N.  H.,  rises  in  a  pond  in  Jefferson  t., 
and  flows  into  Connecticut  r.,  about  20  ms.  above 
the  head  of  Fifteen  Miles  falls. 

John's,  r.,  N.  C,  rises  in  the  Blue  ridge,  in  the 
N.  part  of  Burke  co.,  flows  s.,  and  falls  into  Ca- 
tawba r.,  near  the  centre  of  the  co. 

Johnsburg,  p-t.,  Warren  co.,  N.  Y.,  88  n.  Al- 
bany, 457  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  moun- 
tainous ;  soil,  a  light  sandy  loam.  Watered  by 
Hudson  r.  and  its  tributaries.  The  v.  contains  1 
Baptist  church,  3  stores,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  and 
about  25  dwellings.  The  t.  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$4,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  9 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $25,360.  10  sch.  304 
scholars.     Pop.  1,139. 

John's  Creek,  p-o.,  Chattooga  co.,  Ga. 

Johnson,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  near  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  660  sq.  ms. 
Watered  by  Neuse  r.  and  its  branches.  Moc- 
casson  r.  runs  on  its  n.  e.  boundary.  Capital, 
Smithfield.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
11,152,  sheep  9,011,  swine  32,502;  wheat  9,212 
bush,  produced,  rye  2,606,  Ind.  corn  337,797,  oats 
23,452,  potatoes  63,581,  cotton  401,169  pounds ; 
4  stores,  cup.  $15,000 ;  20  grist  m.,  15  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,775.  2  acad.  42  students,  5 
sch.  77  scholars.  Pop  whites  6,996,  slaves  3,476, 
freecol'd  127;  total,  10,599. 

Johnson,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  m  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  300  sq.  ms.  Watered 
by  Watauga  r.  and  its  branches,  a  tributary  of 


JOH 


315 


JOIT 


Ilolston  r.  The  surface  is  a  valley,  between  2 
mountain  ridges,  on  its  s.  k.  and  n.  vv.  borders. 
Capital,  Taylorsville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  2,878,  sheep  3,789,  swine  4,510;  wheat 
5,690  bush,  produced,  rye  4,530,  lnd.  corn  33,423, 
buckwheat  2,856,  oats  53,710,  potatoes  22,118 ;  3 
stores,  cap.  $20,000 ;  1  furnace,  19  forges,  1  tan- 
nery, 21  distilleries,  21  grist  m.,  13  saw  ra.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $9,325.    Pop.  2.658. 

Johnson,  county,  la.  Situated  centrally  to- 
ward the  s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  320  sq. 
ms.  Organized  in  1822.  Drained  by  Sugar, 
Young 's,  Indian,  and  Stott's  creeks.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  ;  soil,  very  fertile.  The  Madi- 
son and  Indianapolis  railroad  is  located  through 
it.  Capital,  Franklin.  There  were  in  1810,  neat 
cattle  9,809,  sheep  11,797,  swine  30,797;  wheat 
46,118  bush,  produced,  lnd.  com  497,028,  oats 
81,747,  potatoes  14,121,  tobacco  49,484  pounds, 
sugar  29,824  ;  25  stores,  cap.  $31,425  ;  9  tanneries, 
7  distilleries,  3  flouring  m.,  10  grist  m.,  12  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $39,594.  1  acad.  40  students, 
6  sch.  160  scholars.     Pop.  9,352. 

Johnson,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  486  sq.  ms.  Organized 
in  1812.  Watered  by  Cash  r.,  and  Big  Bay  cr. 
Ohio  r.  washes  its  s.  boundary.  Ten  or  12  ms. 
from  Ohio  r.  is  a  line  of  ponds,  interspersed  with 
ridges,  and  fertile  islands.  At  high  water  a  cur- 
rent passes  from  Big  Bay  r.  into  Cash  r.  To  the 
s.  of  these  ponds,  the  land  is  rich,  and  thickly 
populated,  but  unhealthy.  The  surface  is  level ; 
soil,  sandy.  Capital,  Vienna.  There  were  in 
1810,  neat  cattle  2,250,  sheep  1,807,  swine  12,766 ; 
wheat  7,514  bush,  produced,  lnd.  corn  150,541, 
oats  13,828,  potatoes  5,493,  tobacco  18,319  pounds, 
cotton  24,787,  sugar  6,846;  12  stores,  capital, 
$20,775 ;  1  tannery,  3  distilleries,  11  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,625.  12  sch.  320 
scholars.     Pop.  3,626 

Johnson,  county,  Iowa.  Situated  in  the  w. 
part  of  the  ter.,  and  contains  610  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  fertile.  Watered  by 
Iowa  r.  and  its  branches.  Capital,  Iowa  city. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  987,  sheep  44, 
swine  1,075  ;  lnd.  corn  10,700  bush,  produced, 
potatoes  2,400  ;  4  stores,  cap.  $7,000 ;  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,000.    Pop.  1,491. 

Johnson,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  785  sq.  miles.  Drained 
by  Blackwater  r.  and  its  tributaries,  and  a  branch 
of  La  Miner.  Capital,  Warrensburg.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,617,  sheep  5,578,  swine 
23,553 ;  wheat  4,135  bush,  produced,  Indian  corn 
230,375,  oats  49,958,  potatoes  10,325,  tobacco 
24,547  pounds,  cotton  1,128 ;  10  stores,  capital 
$31,456;  1  tannery,  6  distilleries,  16  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $19,385.  11  sch.  286 
scholars.     Pop.  4,471. 

Johnson,  county,  Ark.  Situated  toward  the 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  900  square  ms. 
Arkansas  r.  passes  through  the  co.,  and  several 
tributaries  enter  it  here.  Surface,  hilly  and 
broken ;  soil,  on  the  margins  of  streams,  fertile. 
Capital,  Clarksville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  5,344,  sheep  833,  swine  13,702 ;  wheat  7,023 
bush,  produced,  lnd.  corn  197,925,  oat*  6,635,  pota- 
toes 15,486,  tobacco  14,755  pounds,  cotton  296,468 ; 
15  stores,  capital  $69,666 ;  3  tanneries,  1  powder 
m.,  9  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $20,200. 
6  sch.  138  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,839,  slaves 
591,  free  col'd  3 ;  total,  3,433. 

Johnson,  p-t.,  Lamoille  co.,  Vt.,  36  n.  n.  w. 
Montpelier,  550  W.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil, 
sandy  loam,  easily  tilled,  and  productive.  Wa- 
tered by  Lamoille  r.  and  some  branches,  which 
afford  good  water  power.    The  v.  is  at  the  en 


trance  of  .North  branch  into  Lamoille  r., and  con- 
tains a  number  of  mills.  McConnell's  tails,  in 
the  Lamoille,  have  15  feel  perpendicular  descent, 
and  100  rods  below  is  a  whirlpool,  formed  by  a 
barrier  of  rocks  acTOM  the  r.,  which,  at  low  water, 
constitutes  a  natural  bridge.  Soapetone  and  pot- 
ter's clay  are  found  here.  'There  sire  in  the  t.  4 
stores,  cap.  s!s.:^);)  ;    i  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries, 

1  printing  office,  1  weekly  paper,  1  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  sii.3<n.  1  acad.  100 
students,  12  sch.  192  scholars.     Top.  1,410. 

Johnson,  borough,  <  'arabria  co.,  Ta.  It  lias  15 
stores,  cap.  $37,900 ;  10  coin,  houses,  cap.  $5,900 ; 

2  tanneries,  1  brewery.  Gap.  in  manufactures 
$12,390.     7  sch.  335  scholars.     Pop.  1,277. 

Johnson,  t.,  Champaign  co.,  O.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $2,000 ;  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  6  sch.  120 
scholars.    Pop.  1,213. 

Johnson,  t.,  Barry  co.,  Mich.  It  has  cap.  in 
manufac.  $500.    2  sch.  40  scholars.     Pop.  227. 

Johnson,  t.,  St.  Francis  co.,  Ark.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $6,000 ;  2  sch.  50  scholars.     Pop.  934. 

Johnson,  t.,  Licking  co.,  O.  It  has  2  sch.  65 
scholars.     Pop.  216. 

Johnson,  t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  10  or  12  n.  e. 
Warren.  The  name  of  the  post-office  is  Johnson- 
ville.     It  has  8  sch.  270  scholars.     Pop.  869. 

Johnson,  t.,  La  Grange  co.,  la.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $1,300 ;  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,200. 
2  sch.  29  scholars.    Pop.  275. 

Johnson,  t.,  Gasconade  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  626. 

Johnson,  t.,  Polk  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  636. 

Johnson,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  743. 

Johnsonburg,  p-o.,  Orangeville  t.,  Wyoming 
co.,  N.  Y.,  261  w.  Albany,  367  W. 

Johnsonburg,  p-v.,  Ilardwick  t.,  Warren  co., 
N.  J.,  70  n.  by  w.  Trenton,  227  W.  Situated  on 
Bear  branch  of  Pequest  cr.,  which  affords  water 
power.  It  contains  3  churches — 1  Presbyterian, 
1  Episcopal,  and  1  Christian — 2  stores,  1  grist  m., 
and  about  30  dwellings. 

Johnson's,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn.,  61  n. 
w.  Nashville,  750  W. 

Johnson's,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  Miss. 

Johnson's  Creek,  p-o.,  Niagara  co.,  N.  Y. 

Johnson's  Mills,  p-o.,  Pitt  co.,  N.  C,  114  E. 
by  s.  Raleigh,  308  W. 

Johnson's  Springs,  p-o.,  Goochland  co.,  Va., 
27  w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  144  W. 

Johnson's  Store,  p-o.,  Coweta  co.,  Ga.,  116 
w.  by  N.  Milledgeville,  722  W. 

Johnsonville,  p-v.,  Cumberland  co.,  N.  C, 
65  s.  Raleigh,  353  W. 

Johnsonville,  p-o.,  Johnson  t.,  Trumbull  co., 
O.,  154  n.  E.  Columbus,  308  W. 

John's  River,  p-o.,  Caldwell  co.,  N.  C,  65  w. 
Raleigh,  353  W. 

Johnston,  t.,  Providence  co.,  R.  I.,  5  w.  Provi- 
dence. The  surface  is  varied ;  soil,  adapted  to 
grazing.  It  contains  a  valuable  quarry  of  free- 
stone. Watered  by  Wanasquattuck  and  Pow- 
chasset  rivers,  and  Cedar  brook,  a  tributary  of 
the  latter.  There  are  two  Baptist  and  1  Friends 
churches.  Incorporated  in  1759.  It  has  6  stores, 
cap.  $6,300;  16  cotton  fac.  86,600  sp.,  5  dyeing 
establishments,  5  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $284,340.  12  sch.  632  scholars.  Pop. 
2,477. 

Johnston,  p-v.,  Rush  co.,  la.,  39  E.  by  s.  In- 
dianapolis, 543  W. 

Johnston,  p-v.,  Marion  co.,  Ark.,  170  n.  Little 
Rock,  1,096  W.  o4        * 

Johnston's,  p  o.,  Madison  co.,  O.,  44  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 427  W. 

Johnstownville,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Ga.,  64  w. 
Milledgeville,  680  W. 

Johnstown,  p-t.,  capital  of  Fulton  co.,  N.  Y., 


JON 


316 


JON 


46  N.  w.  Albany,  410  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ; 
soil,  argillaceous  loam.  Drained  by  Garoga  and 
Cuyadutta  creeks.  The  v.  is  situated  on  ele- 
vated ground,  4  ms.  N.  Mohawk  r.  Incorporated 
in  1808.  It  contains  a  court  house  and  jail,  built 
in  1772,  a  county  clerk's  office,  an  academy,  a 
bank,  6  churches — 2  Presbyterian,  1  Lutheran,  1 
Dutch  Reformed,  1  Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist — 
15  stores,  2  grist  m.,  1  tannery,  1  gun  and  rifle 
fac,  1  carriage  fac,  and  2  printing  offices.  Here 
is  a  sulphur  spring.  The  Episcopal  church  was 
erected  by  Sir  William  Johnson,  in  about  1772. 
There  are  in  the  t.  26  stores,  cap.  $83,375;  2 
lumber  yards,  cap.  $3,000 ;  2  fulling  m.,  4  tan- 
neries, 1  paper  fac,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
papers,  6  gnst  m.,  35  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$285,743.  2  acad.  235  students,  24  sch.  1,109 
scholars.     Pop.  5,409. 

Johnstown,  p-b.,  Connemaugh  t.,  Cambria  co., 
Pa.,  150  w.  Harrisburg,  176  W.  Situated  at  the 
junction  of  Stony  cr.  with  Little  Connemaugh  r. 
It  contains  200  acres  of  ground,  is  regularly  laid 
out  with  streets  crossing  each  other  at  right  an- 
gles, and  has  6  stores,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  6  sch. 
120  scholars.  Pop.  1,213.  The  western  division 
of  the  Pennsylvania  canal  has  a  large  basin  in  the 
centre  of  the  v.,  where  the  Portage  railroad  across 
the  Alleghany  mountain  to  Hollidaysburg  com- 
mences. 

Johnstown,  p-v.,  Monroe  t.,  Licking  co.,  O., 
36  n.  e.  Columbus,  384  W.  It  contains  2  churches, 
3  stores,  2  warehouses,  40  dwellings,  and  about 
300  inhabitants. 

Johnstown,  p-t.,  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  128  w.  De- 
troit, 593  W.  It  has  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $500.    2  sch.  40  scholars.     Pop.  227. 

Johnstown,  p-o.,  Rock  co.,  Wis.,  53  s.  e.  Mad- 
ison, 818  W. 

Johnsville,  p-o.,  Fishkill  t.,  Dutchess  co.,  N. 
Y.,  86  s.  Albany,  290  W. 

Johnsville,  p-v.,  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  74  n.  w. 
Annapolis,  59  W. 

Johnsville,  p-v.,  Dyer  co.,  Tenn.,  174  w. 
Nashville,  864  W. 

Jolly,  t.,  Washington  co.,  O.  It  has  2  sch. 
75  scholars.    Pop.  582. 

Jonesburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Camden  co.,  N.  C. 
(See  Camden  C.  H.) 

Jones's  Bluff,  p-o.,  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  59  s.  w. 
Tuscaloosa,  877  W. 

Jones,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the  s.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  380  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  level,  and  much  of  it  marshy.  Water- 
ed by  Trent  r.,  with  its  branches,  which  flows 
into  Neuse  r.  Capital,  Trenton.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  4,739,  sheep  4,089,  swine  15,951 ; 
wheat  5,204  bushels  produced,  rye  1,184,  Indian 
corn  223,520,  oats  8,705,  potatoes  36,529,  rice 
30,490  pounds,  cotton  1,150,208;  2  stores,  cap. 
$8,000 ;  2  distilleries,  15  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $10,555.  4  sch.  81  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  1,947,  slaves  2,818,  free  col'd  180 ;  total, 
4,945. 

Jones,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  central 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  360  sq.  miles.  Oc- 
mulgee  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border.  Cedar  cr.,  with 
its  branches,  in  the  n.,  flows  into  Oconee  r.  Fall- 
ing cr.,  and  Walnut  cr.,  with  their  tributaries 
flow  into  the  Ocmulgee  river.  Capital,  Clinton 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,248,  sheep 
4,219,  swine  19,853 ;  wheat  23,778  bushels  pro- 
duced, Ind.  corn  274,938,  oats  18,755,  potatoes 
10,581,  tobacco  18  pounds,  cotton  2,754,565;  7 
stores,  cap.  $33,336 ;  5  furnaces,  29  forges,  2  tan- 
neries, 11  distilleries,  3  flouring  m.,  8  grist  m.,  9 
saw  m.,  3  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,340.  4 
acad.  155  students,  7  sch.  211  scholars.    Pop. 


whites  4,417,  slaves  5,619,  free  colored  29  ;  total, 
10,065. 

Jones,  county,  Miss.  Situated  in  the  s.  E. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  672  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  branches  of  Leaf  r.  Capital,  Ellisville.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,329,  sheep  623,  swine 
6,284 ;  Ind.  com  24,880  bush,  produced,  potatoes 
9,080,  rice  8,878  pounds,  cotton  23,129.  Pop. 
whites  1,194,  slaves  164;  total,  1,258. 

Jones,  county,  Iowa.  Situated  a  little  N.  of 
the  centre  of  the  ter.,  and  contains  576  sq.  miles. 
Watered  by  Wapsipinecon  r.,  and  Makoqueta  r., 
and  their  branches.  The  surface  is  gently  un- 
dulating, having  extensive  prairies,  and  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Capital,  Edinburg.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  609,  sheep  65,  swine  1,502; 
wheat  3,537  bush,  produced,  Indian  corn  14,856, 
oats  2,286,  potatoes  7,333 ;  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,300.    Pop.  471. 

Jones,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  la.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$150 ;  1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $500.  Pop. 
460. 

Jonesborough,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  143 
E.  N.  E.  Augusta,  725  W.  Situated  at  the  head 
of  Englishman's  bay.  Watered  by  Chandler's 
r.  Incorporated  in  1809.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$2,500 ;  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  4  sch.  176  scholars. 
Pop.  392. 

Jonesborough,  p-o.,  Brunswick  co.,  Va.,  99  s 
by  w.  Richmond,  215  W. 

Jonesborough,  p-v.,  Jefferson  co.,  Ala.,  43  n. 
e.  Tuscaloosa,  773  W. 

Jonesborough,  p-v.,  capital  of  Washington 

.,  Tenn.,  283  E.  Nashville,  412  W.     Situated 


on  Little  Limestone  cr.,  1  mile  from  its  source,  10 
ms.  s.  of  the  Holston  r.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  1  Methodist  and  1  Presbyterian  church,  2 
academies,  and  about  900  inhabitants. 

Jonesborough,  p-o.,  Spencer  co.,  la.,  146  s.  s. 
w.  Indianapolis,  673  W. 

Jonesborough,  p-v.,  capital  of  Union  co.,  111. 
It  has  a  court  house,  a  brick  jail,  2  places  of  wor- 
ship, 7  stores,  1  carding  machine,  and  about  25 
dwellings. 

Jones's  Creek,  p-o.,  Liberty  co.,  Ga. 

Jones's  Creek,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  HI.,  157  s. 
Springfield,  849  W. 

Jones's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Dickson  co.,  Tenn., 
40  w.  Nashville,  724  W. 

Jonesport,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  147  e. 
by  N.  Augusta,  730  W.  It  has  Englishman's  bay 
on  the  E.,  and  Addison  bay,  with  a  small  r.  en- 
tering it,  on  the  w.  It  has  a  good  harbor.  It  con- 
tains 4  stores,  cap.  $3,500 ;  1  saw  m.,  4  sch.  250 
scholars.    Pop.  576. 

Jones's  Tan  Yard,  p-o.,  Calloway  co.,  Mo., 
30  n.  E.  Jefferson  city,  909  W. 

Jonestown,  p-v.,  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.,  29  e.  Har- 
risburg, 139  W.  Situated  near  the  confluence  of 
Great  and  Little  Swatara  creeks,  and  contains  3 
churches— 1  Presbyterian,  1  Lutheran,  and  1  Ger- 
man Reformed— several  stores,  and  about  100 
dwellings. 

Jonesville,  p-o.,  Clifton  Park  t,  Saratoga  co., 
N.  Y.,  21  n.  Albany,  391  W. 

Jonesville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Lee  co.,  Va.,  384 
w.  by  s.  Richmond,  452  W.  Situated  on  a  branch 
of  Powell's  river.  It  contains  a  handsome  court 
house,  jail,  1  church,  free  to  all  denominations,  4 
stores,  and  200  inhabitants.  The  scenery  around 
is  romantic  and  beautiful. 

Jonesville,  p-v.,  Surry  co.,  N.  C,  160  w.  N. 
w.  Raleigh,  364  W. 

Jonesville,  p-v.,  Union  dist.,  S.  C,  81  n.  w. 
Columbia,  475  W. 

Jonesville,  p-v.,  Salem  t.,  Monroe  co.,  O.,  129 
E.  Columbus,  285  W. 


KM 


317 


Jonksville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Hillsdale  co., 
Mich.,  92  w.  s.  w.  Detroit,  540  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  bank  of  St.  Joseph  r.  of  Michigan  lake,  and 
contains  a  courthouse,  jail,  1  Presbyterian  church, 
8  stores,  and  2  flouring  m. 

Jordan,  p-v.,  Elbridge  t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N.  Y., 
152  w.  by  n.  Albany,  350  W.  Situated  on  the 
Erie  canal.  Incorporated  in  1835.  It  contains  3 
churches,  10  stores,  3  flouring  m.,  1  pump  fac,  1 
wooden  ware  fac,  1  sash  fac,  1  clothier's  works, 
1  tannery,  175  dwellings,  and  about  1,200  inhab- 
itants. 

Jordan's  Mills,  p-o.,  Orangeburg  dist.,  S.  C. 
113  s.  Columbia,  618  W. 

Jordan's  Prairie,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  111.,  122 
s.  s.  e.  Springfield,  784  W. 

Josco,  p-o.,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  61  w.  by  n. 
Detroit,  564  W. 

Josephine,  p-o.,  McLean  county,  El.,  93  n.  b. 
Springfield,  762  W.  ' 

Joslin's  Corners,  p-o.,  Sullivan  t,  Madison 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  125  w.  by  n.  Albany,  370  W. 

Judsville,  p-v.,  Surry  co.,  N.  C.  163  w.  n.  w. 
Raleigh,  369  W. 

Juliet,  p-v.,  capital  of  Will  co.,  111.,  165  n.  e. 
by  e.  Springfield,  742  W.  Situated  on  both  sides 
of  Des  Plaines  r.,  affording  good  water  power,  at 
the  crossing  place  of  the  Illinois  and  Michigan 
canal.  It  contains  I  Episcopal  and  1  Methodist 
church,  1  saw  m.,  1  grist  m.,  and  6  or  700  inhab- 
itants. The  precinct  contains  2  acad.  50  students, 
7  sch.  210  scholars.     Pop.  2,553. 

Juliustown,  p-v.,  Springfield  t.,  Burlington 
co.,  N.  J.,  24  s.  Trenton,  164  W.  It  contains  2 
stores,  and  about  30  dwellings. 

Junction,  p-o.,  Schagticoke  t.,  Rensselaer  co., 
N.  Y.,  16  e.  Albany,  386  VV. 

Junction,  p-o.,  Hanover  co.,  Va.,  24  n.  Rich- 
mond, 93  W. 

Juniata,  county,  Pa.  Situated  a  little  s.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  360  sq.  ms. 
Organized  in  1831.    Watered  by  Juniata  r.,  and 


KAN 


Licking  and  Tuscarora  creeks.  The  surface  ia 
rally  and  mountainous;  noil,  fertile  in  the  val- 
leys. Capital,  3liiiii,,.  There  were  in  1840,  Mat 
S?foJ1r9??  BheiT  '-."'A-winr  18,604  ;  wheat 
*$££  buUs,V  Prod"ced,  rye  69,219,  Indian  corn 
{68,659,  buckwheat  17,7*,  barley  3,035,  oats 
150,078,  potatoes  58,320  ;  33  stores,  cap.  $1 12,600; 
y  lulling  m.,  21  tanneries,  5  distilleries,  11  flour- 
ing m,  17  grist  m.,  52  saw  m.,  3  printing  offices, 
llEESt  "^Papers-  Capital  in  manufacture* 
$180,690.  2  acad.  33  students,  63  sch.  2,375  •cho> 
lars.    Pop.  11,080. 

Juniata,  r.,  Pa.,  one  of  the  principal  tributa- 
ries of  the  Susquehanna  river,  is  formed  by  the 
Raystown  and  Frankstown  branches,  which  rise 
at  the  foot  of  the  Alleghany  mountains.  It  unites 
with  the  Susquehanna  r.  15  ms.  above  Ham* 
burg.  The  Pennsylvania  canal  passes  along  the 
Juniata  and  its  Frankstown  branch,  to  Hollidays- 
burg.  ' 

Juniata,  p-t.,  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  39  w.  n.  w.  Har- 
nsburg,  131  W.  It  contains  Bloomfield  v.,  the 
capital  of  the  co.  The  surface  consists  of  moun- 
tain ridges  and  valleys.  The  soil  is  gravel,  slate, 
and  calcareous  loam,  in  the  valleys.  Watered 
by  Racoon,  Buffalo,  and  Little  Buffalo  creeks.  It 
has  3  stores,  cap.  $4,800 ;  1  furnace,  2  tanneries, 
1  pottery,  5  flouring  m.,  15  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
825,227.     11  sch.  440  scholars.    Population, 

Junius,  p-t.,  Seneca  co.,  N.  Y.,  8  n.  Waterloo, 
182  w.  Albany,  352  W.  The  surface  is  various ; 
soil,  in  some  parts,  fertile.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$5,000;  1  tannery.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,000.  6 
sch.  213  scholars.    Pop.  1,594. 

Junto,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C,  54  n.  w.  Raleigh, 
278  W. 

Jupiter,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  Ark.,  146  n.  w. 
Little  Rock,  1,211  W. 

Jykill,  island  and  sound,  Ga.  Situated  in  the 
s.  e.  part  of  Glynn  co.,  at  the  mouth  of  Turtle  and 
Scilla  rivers. 


1,450. 


K. 


Kaatsberg,  or  Katskill,  mts.  (See  Catskill 
mountains.) 

Kaaterskill,  N.  Y.,  a  stream  which  rises  from 
2  ponds,  each  half  a  mile  in  circumference,  and 
each  half  a  mile  in  the  rear  of  the  Mountain 
House,  on  Catskill  mountain.  2  ms.  w.  of  the 
house,  the. stream  has  remarkable  falls,  first  of 
175  feet  perpendicularly,  then  85  feet  more,  mak- 
ing the  whole  descent  of  the  cataract  260  feeU 
It  then  plunges  into  a  dark  and  dreary  chasm, 
and  pursuing  its  way  to  the  valley  below,  enters 
Catskill  cr.  near  Catskill  v. 

Kalamazoo,  r.,  Mich.,  rises  in  Hillsdale  co., 
and  after  a  course,  generally  w.  n.  w.,  with  many 
windings,  of  200  ms.,  with  a  direct  course  of  not 
over  90  ms.,  enters  Lake  Michigan,  41  ms.  n.  of 
St.  Joseph  r.,  and  29  ms.  s.  of  Grand  r.  Its  aver- 
age depth  for  8  ms.  from  its  mouth  is  12  feet.  It 
waters  the  counties  of  Hillsdale,  Calhoun,  Kala- 
mazoo, and  Allegan.  The  bar  at  its  mouth  has  6 
or  7  feet  at  low  water.  It  is  navigable  at  all  times, 
38  ms.,  to  Allegan,  for  boats  of  50  tons.  It  af- 
fords, with  its  tributaries,  extensive  water  power. 

Kalamazoo,  county,  Mich.  Situated  toward 
the  s.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  576  sq 
ms.  Organized  in  1830.  Watered  by  Kalama- 
zoo and  Portage  rivers,  and  Four  Mile,  Gull,  and 
Bear  creeks.  The  surface  is  level,  or  gently  un- 
dulating. The  soil  is  a  very  fertile  black  loam. 
Capital,  Kalamazoo.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  7,061,  sheep  3,694,  swine  13,665 ;  wheat 
161,168  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  125,023,  buck- 


wheat 1,415,  barley  5,979,  oats  157,866,  potatoes 
71,355,  sugar  44,439  pounds;  20  stores,  capital 
$78,300 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  2  distilleries, 
6  grist  m.,  22  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  19,440.  1  college, 
70  students,  1  acad.  20  students,  50  schools,  1,739 
scholars.    Pop.  7,380. 

Kalamazoo,  p-t.,  capital  of  Kalamazoo  co., 
Mich.,  141  w.  Detroit,  605  W.  The  v.  is  situated 
on  the  w.  bank  of  Kalamazoo  r.  It  has  a  court 
house,  jail,  the  Huron  Literary  Institute,  and  a 
branch  of  the  University  of  Michigan,  a  branch 
of  Michigan  bank,  1  Presbyterian  church,  8  stores, 
1  flouring  m.  There  are  in  the  t.,  13  stores,  cap. 
$38,300 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  2 
grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,900.  2  sch. 
110  scholars.     Pop.  1,290. 

Kalamo,  t.,  Eaton  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1  saw 
m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $500.    Pop.  139. 

Kalida,  p-v.,  capital  of  Putnam  co.,  O.,  114  n. 
w.  Columbus,  479  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  bank 
of  Ottowa  r.,  H  m.  from  its  junction  with  Au- 
glaize r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  3  stores, 
25  dwellings,  and  about  150  inhabitants. 

Kanakanic,  t,  Milwaukee  co.,  Wis.  It  has  1 
sch.  9  scholars.    Pop.  404. 

Kanawha,  river,  Va.,  rises  in  North  Carolina, 
and,  running  n.  and  n.  w.,  falls  into  the  Ohio,  at 
Point  Pleasant,  252  ms.  below  Pittsburg.  About 
100  ms.  from  its  mouth  are  the  Great  Falls,  where 
the  r.  descends  perpendicularly  50  feet.     On  its 


KAN 


313 


KEE 


banks,  66  ras.  from  its  mouth,  are  Kanawha  salt 
works,  where  the  r.  is  150  yards  wide.  The  salt 
region  extends  15  miles  on  the  river,  and  the  salt 
now  manufactured  amounts  to  1,500,000  bushels 
annually,  and  may  be  indefinitely  increased. 
The  salt  water  is  obtained  by  boring  through  a 
formation  of  rock,  from  300  to  500  feet  deep,  and 
the  water  rises  in  copper  or  tin  tubes,  which  ex- 
clude the  fresh  water  to  the  level  of  the  surface 
of  the  r.  along  its  margin.  It  is  then  raised  40 
feet,  to  the  top  of  the  bank,  by  forcing  pumps, 
moved  by  steam  engines.  The  bituminous  coal 
which  abounds  in  the  vicinity,  is  used  for  evapo- 
rating the  water.  These  works  employ,  in  vari- 
ous ways,  about  1,000  men,  and  the  salt  is  afford- 
ed at  from  30  to  35  cents  a  bushel.  Green  Brier 
r.  enters  the  Kanawha  40  or  50  miles  above  the 
falls,  just  before  it  passes  the  Iron  Mountain.  Its 
other  principal  branches  are  Elk  r.  on  the  n.,  and 
Coal  r.  on  the  s,  . 

Kanawha,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  2,000  sq.  ms.  Wa- 
tered by  Kanawha  river  and  its  tributaries,  Elk 
r.  and  Coal  r.,  and  various  creeks.  It  contains 
coal  in  abundance,  and  valuable  salt  springs. 
Capital,  Charleston.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  5,690,  sheep  3,810,  swine  7,944;  wheat 
14,539  bushels  produced,  Ind.  corn  203,075,  oats 
22,657,  potatoes  7,686,  sugar  7,490  pounds,  salt 
1,000,000  bush.,  bituminous  coal  6,325,000;  2? 
stores,  cap.  $117,000;  2  flouring  m.,  13  grist  m 
27  saw  ra.,  9  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $49,600. 
19  sch.  408  scholars.  Pop.  whites  10,910,  slaves 
2,560,  free  ool'd  97 ;  total,  13,567. 

Kanawha,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Kanawha 
co.,  Va.,  313  w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  350  W.  This 
place  is  also  called  Charleston.  Situated  on  the 
n.  bank  of  Great  Kanawha  r.,  60  miles  above  its 
mouth,  in  the  Ohio,  at  the  junction  of  Elk  r.  Its 
main  street  extends  a  mile  on  the  Kanawha,  and 
reaches  to  Elk  r.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  a  branch  of  the  bank  of  Virginia,  a  masonic 
hall,  2  churches— 1  Presbyterian  and  1  Metho- 
dist—a female  academy,  13  stores,  2  steam  saw 
m.,  1  steam  flouring  m.,  1  tannery,  and  about  130 
dwellings.  The  Kanawha  is  here  300  yds.  wide 
and  20  feet  deep,  at  low  water,  and  is  navigable 
by  steamboats. 

Kanawha  Saline,  p-v.,  Kanawha  co.,  Va., 
307  w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  344  W.  Situated  on  the 
N.  w.  side  of  Kanawha  r.,  and  contains  a  Metho- 
dist and  a  Presbyterian  church,  3  stores  and 
about  25  dwellings.  It  is  connected  with  the 
salt  trade  in  the  vicinity. 

Kane,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  N.  E.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  1,296  sq.  ms.  Watered 
by  Fox  river  and  its  branches,  which  afford 
water  power.  Formed  from  La  Salle  county,  in 
1836.  It  is  well  timbered.  Capital,  Geneva. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,858,  sheep 
1,262,  swine  17,279  ;  wheat  150,110  bushels  pro- 
duced, rye  1,363,  Indian  corn  151,310,  barley 
5,980,  oats  167,469,  potatoes  77,372,  sugar  1,400 
pounds  ;  16  stores,  cap.  $60,746 ;  2  distilleries,  6 
grist  m.,  22  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac,  $113,910. 
39  sch.  1,153  scholars.    Pop.  6,501. 

Kane,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Ill,,  76  s.  w.  Spring- 
field, 826  W. 

Kankakee,  r.,  111.,  one  of  the  principal  streams 
which  form  Illinois  river.  Its  source  is  in  the  N. 
part,  of  la.,  and  after  entering  Illinois,  it  receives 
the  Iroquois  cr.  from  the  s.,  and  it  unites  with 
the  Des  Plaines,  at  Dresden,  below  which  the 
united  streams  become  the  Illinois  river. 

Kankakee,  p-o.,  La  Salle  co.,  111.,  152  n.  e. 
by  n.  Springfield,  755  W.  Situated  at  the  junc- 
tion of  Kankakee  and  Des  Plaines  rs.    It  has  1 


store,  several  saw  m.,  and  4  or  5  houses.  The 
situation  is  low,  and  a  part  of  it  liable  to  be  over- 
flowed. .  ; 

Kanotin,  county,  Mich.  Situated  on  Lake 
Huron,  n.  of  Saginaw  bay,  and  contains  570  sq. 
miles.    Unorganized. 

Kansas,  r.,  Indian  ter.,  rises  between  the 
Platte  and  the  Arkansas  rivers,  near  the  Rocky 
mountains,  and  receiving  several  large  tributaries 
on  the  N.  side,  it  passes  through  the  Indian  ter., 
and  enters  the  Missouri  at  the  w.  boundary  of 
the  state  of  Mo.  Its  whole  course  is  about  1,200 
miles,  for  900  of  which  it  is  navigable.  It  is  340 
yards  wide  at  its  mouth. 
Kaposi  a,  p-o.,  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis. 
Karthaus,  p-v.,  Covington  t.,  Clearfield  co., 
Pa.,  114  N.  w.  Harrisburg,  206  W.  Situated  on 
the  n.  bank  of  the  West  branch  of  Susquehanna  r. 
There  are  coal  and  iron  works  near  the  village, 
and  salt  springs  in  the  vicinity. 

Kaseys,  p-o.,  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  154  w.  by  s. 
Richmond,  229  W. 

Kaskaskia,  r.,  111.,  rises  in  Champaign  county, 
and  after  a  course  s.  s.  w.  of  300  miles,  enters  the 
Mississippi,  7  miles  below  Kaskaskia  v.  It  is 
navigable,  in  high  water,  to  Vandalia,  150  miles 
from  its  mouth. 

Kaskaskia,  p-v.,  capital  of  Randolph  co.,  111., 
142  s.  Springfield,  834  W.  It  is  situated  on  the 
w.  side  of  Kaskaskia  r.,  7  miles  from  its  junction 
with  the  Mississippi.  It  was  settled  by  the 
French  about  1683,  and,  in  1763,  when  ceded  to 
Great  Britain,  it  contained  100  families;  it  has 
now  about  800  inhabitants,  most  of  whom  are  of 
French  descent.  It  has  a  brick  court  house,  a 
jail,  a  U.  S.  land  office,  a  Roman  Catholic  church, 
a  nunnery  and  female  boarding  school,  4  stores 
and  300  dwellings. 

Katahdin,  mt,  Me.,  situated  between  the  e. 
and  w.  branches  of  Penobscot  r.,  is  5,300  feet 
above  tidewater.  It  is  isolated  and  steep,  and 
can  be  seen  from  Bangor,  70  miles,  in  a  n.  n. 
w.  direction.  The  view  from  the  top  is  vastly 
extensive,  and  at  once  beautiful  and  grand. 

Kaukamn,  p-v.,  Brown  co.,  Wis.,  148  n.  n.  e. 
Madison,  95S  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Fox  or  Neenah  r.,  at  the  rapids  of  the  same 


name.  ■ 

Kautawaubet,  county,  Mich.,  a  northern 
county,  and  contains  576  sq.  ms.  Watered  by 
Manistee  r.  and  branches.     Unorganized. 

Kayaderosseras,  mts.,  N.  Y.,  extend  about 
60  miles,  in  Warren,  Saratoga,  and  Fulton  coun- 
ties, between  Schroon  branch  of  Hudson  r.  and 
Lake  George,  generally  from  8  to  1,200  feet  high, 
but  subsiding  toward  the  s.  A  creek  of  the  same 
name  flows  from  these  mountains  s.  E.  into  Sara- 
toga lake,  affording  valuable  water  power. 

Kaykakee,  county,  Mich.,  a  central  county, 
and  contains  576  sq.  ms.  Watered  by  Maskegon 
r.  and  a  branch  of  Tittibawassee  river.  Unor- 
ganized. 

Keasearge,  mt.,  Salisbury  t.,  Merrimac  co., 
N.  H.,  is  2,461  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
It  is  25  N.  w.  Concord. 

Keating,  t.,  McKean  co.,  Pa.  The  surface 
is  hilly  and  broken,  with  extensive  and  rich  al- 
luvial bottoms.  The  Alleghany  r.  flows  through 
it,  and  receives  Potatoe  cr.,  nearly  as  large  as 
itself.  It  has-1  acad.  30  students,  4  sch.  \6o 
scholars.    Pop.  893. 

Kearsly,  p-t.,  Genesee  co.,  Mich.    Pop  115 

Keelersville,  p-v.,  Van  Buren  co..  Mich.,  175 
w.  Detroit,  636  W.  It  has  1  store  and  several 
mechanics.  ,  . 

Keene,  p-t.,  with  Charlestown  the  capital  of 
Cheshire  county,  N.  H.,  80  w.  N.  w.  Boston,  48 


KEL 


319 


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w.  s.  w.  Concord,  424  W.  The  v.  is  pleasantly 
situated  on  a  plain,  on  the  e.  side  of  Ashuelot  r 
at  a  little  distance  from  it.  The  principal  street 
is  a  mile  long,  with  ample  width,  and  ornamented 
with  trees.  The  houses  are  neat,  and  some  of 
them  elegant.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a 
bank,  a  ( Congregational  church,  a  printing  office 
About  a  mile  from  the  v.,  a  canal  from  the  Ashu 
elot  r.  affords  good  water  power,  on  which  are 
several  mills  and  manufactories.  There  are  in 
the  t.,  25  stores,  cap.  $132,300;  1  furnace,  1  ful 
ling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  2  glass  fac, 
2  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  2  weekly  newspa- 
pers, 3  periodicals,  3  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.,  1  oil  m 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $93,262.  2  acad.  261  students, 
13  sch.  695  scholars.     Pop.  2,610. 

Keene,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  N.  Y.,  138  n.  Albany, 
513  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  containing 
Mount  Marcy,  the  highest  peak  of  the  Adiron- 
dack range,  5,467  feet  above  tidewater  in  Hud- 
son r.  Drained  by  branches  of  Ausable  r.,  which 
afford  very  extensive  water  power.  It  has  sev- 
eral small  lakes,  celebrated  for  their  large  trout. 
It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,000;  1  fulling  m.,  1  forge,  2 
tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $2,620.  4  sch.  185  scholars.  Pop. 
730. 

Keene,  p-v.,  Jessamine  county,  Ky.,  33  s.  e. 
Frankfort,  531  W. 

Keene,  p-t.,  Coshocton  co.,  O.,  99  n.  e.  by  e. 
Columbus,  344  W.  The  v.  was  organized  in  1820, 
and  contains  2  churches,  3  stores,  and  about  200 
inhabitants.  It  has  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $900.  1  sch.  56  scholars. 
Pop.  1,043. 
Keene,  p-o.,  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich. 
Keeney's  Settlement,  p-o.,  Cortland  co., 
N.  Y.,  134  w.  Albany,  333  W. 

Keesville,  p-v.,  Ausable  and  Chesterfield  t., 
Clinton  and  Essex  cos.,  N.  Y.  Situated  4  w. 
Lake  Champlain,  on  both  sides  of  Ausable  river, 
which  affords  extensive  water  power.  It  con- 
tains 4  churches — 1  Congregational,  1  Baptist, 
1  Methodist  and  1  Roman  Catholic — an  academy, 
bank,  18  stores,  1  forge,  1  rolling  m.,  1  nail  fac,, 
which  produces  100  tons  of  nails  annually,  1 
woollen  fac,  2  flouring  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1  furnace 
and  machine  shop,  1  plaster  m.,  1  tannery,  a 
printing  office,  300  dwellings,  and  about  2,000 
inhabitants.  Its  growth  has  been  exceedingly 
rapid. 

Keepatau,  p-o.,  Cook  co.,  111.,  178  n.  e.  by  n. 
Springfield,  745  W. 

Keiths,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  O.,  88  e.  by  s.  Co- 
lumbus, 318  W. 

Keith's  Mills,  p-o 
w.  Augusta,  616  W. 

Kellertown,  p-v.,  Wilkinson  co.,  Miss.,  118 
s.  w.  by  s.  Jackson,  1,128  W. 

Kelley's  Mills,  p-o.,  Lawrence  co.,  O.,  109 
s.  s.  e.  Columbus,  405  W. 

Kellogg's  Store,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Ga.,  104 
N.  by  w.  Milledgeville,  639  W. 

Kelloggsville,  p-v.,  Niles  t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N. 
Y.,  158  w.  Albany,  329  W.  It  contains  1  Pres- 
byterian church,  2  stores,  40  dwellings,  and  about 
200  inhabitants. 

Kelloggville,  p-o.,  Monroe  t.,  Ashtabula  co., 
O.,  222  n.  E.  Columbus,  337  W. 

Kelly,  t..  Union  co.,  Pa.,  9  n.  New  Berlin. 
The  surface  is  undulating ;  soil,  calcareous  loam. 
Drained  by  Buffalo  cr.  and  its  branches.  It  has 
1  store,  cap.  $9,000 ;  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $10,000.  5  sch.  200  scholars.  Pod. 
788.  * 

Kelly,  t.,  Ottawa  co.,  O.,  comprehends  Cun- 
ningham's island  in  Lake  Erie.    Pop.  68. 


Franklin  co.,  Me.,  30  n. 


Kelly's  Creek,  p-o.,  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala.,  101 
N.  E.  by  e.  Tuscaloosa.  7f>:<  W. 

Kelly's  Ferry,  p -<».,  fiteigl  <•«>.,  Temi.,  137  e. 
s.  e.  Nashville,  569  W.  The  ferry  crosses  the 
Tennessee  r. 

Kelly's  Spring,  p-o., Talladega  co.,  Ala.,  122 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  757  W. 

Kelso,  p-t.,  Dearborn  co.,  Ia.t  84  8.  E.  Indian- 
apolis, 531  W.    Pop.  1,450. 
Kelso,  t.,  Scott  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  476. 
Kelvin  Grove,  p-o.,  Wake  co.,  N.  C,  10  n. 
Raleigh,  294  W. 

Kemrlesvili.e,  p-o.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  76  e.  s. 
e.  Harrisburg,  99  W. 

Kemper,  county,  Miss.  Situated  in  the  e.  jmrt 
of  the  state,  and  contains  750  sq.  ms.  Watered 
by  Sookanitchie  r.  and  a  branch  of  Oktibbeha  r. 
Capital,  De  Kalb.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 12,251,  sheep  1,999,  swine  20,814;  wheat 
7,855  bush,  produced,  Indian  corn  238,017,  oats 
10,441,  potatoes  22,997,  tobacco  1,646  pounds,  cot- 
ton 3,926,565 ;  18  stores,  cap.  $99,958 ;  8  cotton 
fac.  48  sp.,  1  tannery,  3  flouring  m.,  13  grist  m., 
13  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $83,265.  4  acad. 
133  students,  11  sch.  285  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
4,612,  slaves  3,040,  free  col'd  11 ;  total,  7,663. 

Kemp's  Creek,  p-o.,  Benton  co.,  Ala.,  170  e. 
n.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  744  W. 

Kempsville,  p-v.,  Princess  Ann  co.,  Va.,  116 
s.  e.  by  e.  Richmond,  240  W.  Situated  on  the  e. 
branch  of  Elizabeth  r.,  at  the  head  of  tidewater. 
It  contains  1  Baptist  church,  several  stores,  1  tan- 
nery, 30  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Kenansville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C., 
89  s.  E.  Raleigh,  319  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side 
of  Grove  cr.,  a  branch  of  Cape  Fear  r.  It  contains 
a  court  house  and  several  dwellings. 

Kendall,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  324  sq.  ms.  Water- 
ed by  Fox  r.  Surface  undulating;  soil,  fertile. 
Capital,  Yorkville. 

Kendall,  p-t.,  Orleans  co.,  N.  Y.,  249  w.  by 
n.  Albany,  398  W.  It  is  bounded  n.  by  Lako 
Ontario.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  rising  gen- 
tly from  the  lake  ;  soil,  sandy  and  gravelly  loam. 
It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $6,150;  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,150.  14  sch.  664  echolars. 
Pop.  1,692. 

Kendall,  p-o.,  Logan  co.,  O.,  79  n.  w.  by  w. 
Columbus,  466  W. 

Kendall,  p-v.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.,  167  w. 
Detroit,  613  W. 

Kendall,  p-o.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  238  w.  by  n. 
Harrisburg,  260  W. 

Kendall,  p-o.,  Marshall  co.,  Va. 

Kendall,  p-o.,  Allen  co.,  la.,  137  n.  e.  by  n. 
Indianapolis,  549  W. 

Kendall,  p-o.,  Clay  co.,  Mo.,  164  w.  n.  w. 
Jefferson  city,  1,069  W. 

Kendall  Creek,  p-o.,  McKean  co.,  Pa. 

Kendall's  Mills,  p-o.,  Somerset  co.,  Me. 

Kendall's  Store,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  N. 
C,  143  w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  380  W. 

Kendallville,  p-v.,  Noble  co.,  la.,  159  n.  n. 
e.  Indianapolis,  581  W. 

Kennebec,  r.,  Me.,  next  to  the  Penobscot  the 
most  important  river  in  the  state,  has  its  principal 
source  in  the  outlet  of  Moosehead  lake ;  but  20 
ms.  below  it  receives  Dead  r.,  which  is  a  longer 
branch,  and  rises  within  5  ms.  of  the  Chaudiere, 
which  flows  into  the  St.  Lawrence.  Its  general 
course  is  s.  by  E.,  with  several  considerable 
curves.  Its  course  from  its  remotest  source  is 
about  200  ms.  Its  largest  tributary  is  the  Andro- 
scoggin, which  enters  it  from  the  w.  18  ms.  from 
,  the  ocean.  It  is  navigable  for  large  ships  12  ms. 
|  to  Bath,  for  sloops  of  150  tons  40  ms.  to  Hallowell, 


KEN 


320 


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and  for  sloops  2  ras.  further  to  Augusta,  the  head  I  by  s.  Harrisburg,  140  W.  It  constitutes  a  suburb 
of  tidewater,  and  for  boats  to  Waterville,  18  ras.  of  Philadelphia,  in  theN.ft  part,  along  the  Dela- 
above  Augusta.     It  has  important  falls  at  Water- 


ville, and  at  3  other  places  above,  affording  great 
water  power.  There  are  bridges  at  Augusta,  at 
Canaan,  and  at  Norridgewock.  It  is  generally 
closed  with  ice  4  months  in  the  year  at  Hallow- 
ell,  but  usually  open  at  all  seasons  below  Bath. 
The  most  important  towns  on  the  river  are  Bath, 
Hallowell,  Augusta,  Waterville,  and  Norridge- 
wock. It  flows  through  a  fertile  country,  and  is 
the  medium  of  an  extensive  trade. 

Kennebec,  county,  Me.  Situated  in  the  cen- 
tral part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,050  sq.  miles. 
Kennebec  r.  runs  through  the  centre  of  the  co. 
It  has  many  small  lakes  and  ponds,  the  outlets 
of  which,  with  the  Kennebec,  afford  extensive 
water  power.  It  possesses  great  facilities  for 
commerce.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  the 
soil  fertile.  Capital,  Augusta.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  35,595,  sheep  82,759,  swine 
11,825;  wheat  86,514  bush,  produced,  rye  9,830,' 
Ind.  corn  154,049,  buckwheat  3,510,  barley  57,057, 
oats  132,583,  potatoes  1,165,399,  sugar  18,915  lbs. ; 
235  stores,  cap.  $486,450;  3  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$8,000 ;  1  furnace,  19  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac, 
43  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  pottery,  55  grist  m., 
131  saw  m.,  4  oil  m.,  3  paper  fac,  7  printing  of- 
fices, 4  binderies,  1  periodical,  6  weekly  news- 
papers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $616,886.  2  colleges, 
95  students,  12  acad.  1,311  students,  334  schools 
17,163  scholars.    Pop.  55,823. 

Kennebunk,  p-t.,  and  port  of  entry,  York  co.. 
Me.,  75  s.  s.  w.  Augusta,  517  W.  Situated  on 
the  s.  w.  side  of  Kennebunk  r.,  at  its  entrance 
into  the  Atlantic,  which  affords  a  good  harbor.  It 
has  considerable  shipping  employed  in  the  coast- 
ing trade  and  the  fisheries.  It  has  17  stores,  cap. 
$31,150;  1  cotton  fac.  1,064  sp.,  3  tanneries,  1 
printing  office,  1  weekly  paper,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $92,495.  2  acad.  175  stu- 
dents, 11  sch.  885  scholars.    Pop.  2,323. 

Kennebunkport,  p-t.,  York  co.,  Me.,  78  s.  s. 
w.  Augusta,  520  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  e.  side 
of  Kennebunk  r.,  opposite  to  Kennebunk,  with 
which  its  trade  is  united.  It  has  11  stores,  cap. 
$25,000 ;  2  furnaces,  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  4 
grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,500.  1 
acad.  30  students,  13  sch.  1,150  scholars.  Pop. 
2,768. 

Kennedy's,  p-o.,  Brunswick  co.,  Va.,  91  s.  by 
w.  Augusta,  207  W. 

Kennedysville,  p-v.,  Bath  t.,  Steuben  co.,  N. 
Y.,  223  w.  by  s.  Albany,  303  W.  It  contains  1 
Presbyterian  and  1  Christian  church,  2  stores,  1 
woollen  fac,  1  saw  m.,  30  dwellings,  and  about 
200  inhabitants. 

Kennet,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  28  s.  w.  Philadel- 
phia. The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  a  fertile  calca- 
reous loam,  well  cultivated.  Drained  by  Red 
Clay  cr.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $15,500 ;  1  tan- 
nery, 2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac. 
$12,550.    6  sch.  238  scholars.     Pop.  1,220. 

Kennet  Square,  p-v.,  Kennet  t.,  Chester  co., 
Pa.,  74  e.  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  105  W.  Situated  in 
the  N.  w.  corner  of  Kennet  t.,  and  contains  1 
Friends  church,  1  store,  and  15  or  20  dwellings. 
Kennonsville,  p-v.,  Lewis  co.,  Mo.,  128  n.  by 
E.  Jefferson  city,  942  W. 

Kensington,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.,  41 
s.  E.  Concord,  478  W.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level.  Formed  from  Hampton  in  1837.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $1,600;  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  3  sch. 
160  scholars.     Pop.  665. 

Kensington,  p-v.,  Berlin  t.,  Hartford  co.,  Ct., 
13  s.  s.  w.  Hartford,  323  W. 
Kensington,  p-t.,  Philadelphia  co.,  Pa.,  100  e. 


ware  r.;  and  though  it  has  a  separate  govern- 
ment, under  15  commissioners,  should  be  regard- 
ed as  a  part  of  the  city.  It  contains  various 
manufacturing  establishments  of  cotton,  woollen, 
iron,  and  glass,  and  considerable  ship  building. 
There  were  in  1840,  1  commission  house,  and  112 
stores,  capital  $107,900  ;  7  lumber  yards,  capital 
$116,500;  9  woollen  fac,  15  cotton  fac  700  sp.,  3 
tanneries,  1  brewery,  1  glass  fac,  4  rope  fac. 
Cap.  in  manufac  $721,600.  6  acad.  676  students, 
5  sch.  674  scholars.  Pop.  22,314.  (See  Phila- 
delphia.) 

Kensington,  p-v.,  Lyon  t.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich., 
35  w.  by  n.  Detroit,  544  W.  It  has  2  stores,  1 
flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  about  30  dwellings, 
some  of  which  are  neat  and  elegant. 

Kent,  county,  R.  I.  Situated  in  the  centre  of 
the  state,  and  contains  186  sq.  ms.  Tl>e  surface 
is  uneven  and  rough;  soil,  gravelly  and  sandy 
loam,  adapted  to  grazing.  Drained  by  Pawtuxet 
and  Flat  rs.,  which  afford  water  power.  It  has 
flourishing  manufactures,  and  some  commerce 
Capital,  East  Greenwich.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  4,898,  sheep  10,408,  swine  4,221 ;  wheat 
494  bush,  produced,  rye  6,066,  lnd.  corn  64,112, 
barley  3,805,  oats  11,915,  potatoes  136,644;  103 
stores,  capital  $179,610 ;  5  lumber  yards,  capital 
$11,200;  9  fulling  m.,  5  woollen  fac,  45  cotton 
fac.  100,010  sp.,  2  tanneries,  2  rope  fac,  27  grist 
m.,  25  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,661,500.  6 
acad.  250  students,  64  sch.  1,974  scholars.  Pop. 
13083 

Kent,  county,  Del.  Situated  in  the  centre  of 
the  state,  and  contains  640  sq.  ms.  Delaware  bay 
bounds  it  on  the  e.  Drained  by  Jones,  Little 
Duck,  and  Mother  Kill  crs.  The  surface  is  gen- 
tly uneven,  and  the  soil  fertile.  Capital,  Dover. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  17,477,  sheep 
13,780,  swine  27,080;  wheat  85,342  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  21,745,  Ind.  corn  626,835,  buckwheat 
3,680,  oats  294,231,  potatoes  68,375 ;  66  stores*, 
cap.  $207,640 ;  9  lumber  yards,  cap.  $10,500 ;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  4  tanneries,  20  grist  m.. 
16  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  periodical.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $106,000.  2  acad.  65  students,  46 
sch.  2,997  scholars.  Pop.  whites  13,618,  slaves 
427,  free  col'd  5,827 ;  total,  19,872. 

Kent,  county,  Md.  Situated  toward  the  n.  E. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  240  sq  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Chester  r.  The  surface  is  moderately 
uneven  ;  soil,  various.  Capital,  Chester.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,498,  sheep  9,109, 
swine  14,921 ;  wheat  133,147  bush,  produced, 
rye  3,250,  Ind.  corn  502,439,  buckwheat  1,118, 
oats  277,393,  potatoes  33,563;  270  stores,  cap. 
$62,040;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  7  flouring 
m.,  13  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$28,370.  3  colleges,  80  students,  1  acad.  18  stu- 
dents, 14  sch.  474  scholars.  Pop.  whites  5,616, 
slaves  2,735,  free  col'd  2,491 ;  total,  10,842. 

Kent,  county,  Mich.  Situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  576  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Grand  r.  and  its  tributaries,  which  afford  good 
water  power.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
hilly ;  soil,  deep  vegetable  loam,  and  fertile. 
Limestone  and  salt  springs  are  found.  Capital, 
Kent,  or  Grand  Rapids.  There  were  m  1840, 
neat  cattle  1,271,  sheep  222,  swine  2,460  ;  wheat 
18,759  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  13,320,  oats 
17,320,  potatoes  16,700,  sugar  5,080  pounds;  2 
com.  houses,  cap.  $13,000 ;  12  stores,  cap.  $35,000 ; 
1  furnace,  1  tannery,  2  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  18 
saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper. 
Cap.  in  manufac  $140,600.  9  sch.  303  scholars 
Pop.  2,587. 


KEN 


321 


KEN 


^?wT'Pit-'  Litc;hfieldL  co-i  Ct.,  51  w.  Hartford,  [yards,  cap.  $15 

Situated  on  both  sides  of  Housatonic  fee.  2,332  SpT,  2  tanneries 


T\hy  wh>ch.  and  its  branches,  it  is  watered,  and 
which  afford  good  water  power.  The  surface 
is  mountainous,  and  the  sod,  in  the  mountain*, 
gravelly  and  hard;  in  the  valleys,  a  calcareous 
loam,  and  fertile.  An  extensive  bed  of  iron  ore 
is  here  found.  Incorporated  in  1739.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches— 1  Congregational,  1  Episcopal, 
and  1  Methodist.  The  v.  is  on  the  e.  side  of  the 
Housatonic,  which  is  here  crossed  by  a  bridge. 
The  Housatonic  railroad  passes  through  the  t.  on 
the  e.  side  of  the  r.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $14,500 ; 
3  furnaces,  2  forges,  1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  3 
grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,550.  12 
sch.  475  scholars.  Pop.  1,759. 
o,^ExrT'  £'"  Putnam  co-'  N.  Y.  99  s.  Albany, 
292  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  mountainous  : 
sod  well  adapted  to  grazing.  Drained  by  the 
head  waters  of  Croton  r.  It  has  6  stores,  cap 
$9,850  ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery  1 
flouring  m.,  5  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $30,200;  10  sch.  480  scholars.  Pop.  1,830 
Kent,  p-o.,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  165  w.  bv  n. 
Harrisburg,  218  W.  ' 

Kent,  p-t.,  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  168  w.  n.  w.  De- 
troit, 649  W. 

Kent's  Hill,  p-o.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  14  Au- 
gusta, 604  W. 

Kenton,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  n.  part 
ot  the  state,  and  contains  150  sq.  ms.  It  is 
bounded  n.  by  the  Ohio  r.,  and  e.  by  Licking  r 
Surface  undulating,  soil  fertile.  Capital,  Inde- 
pendence. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
4,329,  sheep  7,523,  swine  13,774;  wheat,  53,987 
bush,  produced,  rye  4,738,  Ind.  corn  294,635,  oats 
23,989,  potatoes  10,823,  tobacco  601,774  pounds, 
sugar  0,539 ;  33  stores,  cap.  $76,825 ;  2  lumber 


,000:  1  furnace,  1  forge,  1  cotton 

I'rics,  2  flouring  m.,  14  crist 

m.,  4  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  news- 
papers Cap.  m  manufac.  $176,050.  15  sen 
354  scholars.  Pop.  whites  7,033,  slaves  751, 
free  col'd  34  ;  total,  7,816. 

Kenton,  p-t.,  capital  of  Hardin  co.,  (>.,  71  n. 
w.  Columbus,  442  W.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the 
n.  side  of  Scioto  r.  It  contains  6  churches— 1 
Lutheran,  1  Methodist,  1  Presbyterian,  1  Seceder, 
1  Associate  Reformed,  1  of  Disciples— 4  stuns 
and    7d  dwellings,  3   sch.  109   scholars.    Pop. 

Kentontown,  p-v.,  Harrison  co.,  Ky.,  53  n 
e.  Frankfort,  489  W.  Situated  in  the  n  e.  coi> 
ner  of  the  county. 

,  Kentucky,  r.,  Ky.,  from  which  the  state  de- 
rives its  name,  rises  by  3  principal  branches  in 
It  .u  u™bff,land  mountains,  denominated  the 
JSor  h,  Middle  and  South  Forks,  which  unite  in 
^stui  co.  t  rom  this  point  is  pursues  a  circuitous 
course,  in  its  lower  parts,  generally  n.  n.  w., 
until  it  enters  Ohio  r.  at  Carrollton.  The  dis- 
tance from  the  mouth  to  the  forks,  is  260  ms.  bv 
the  course  of  the  r. ;  but  is  only  112  ms.  in  a  di- 
rect line  Steamboats  of  300  tons  formerly  na- 
vigated this  r.  to  Frankfort,  in  time  of  high  water, 
lint  the  navigation  from  the  mouth  to  the  forks 
°l  ™Le  ,r-  nas  been  improved  by  the  construction 
of  17  dams,  creating  pools,  and  17  locks,  connect- 
ing them.  The  dams  are  from  350  to  500  feet 
long,  and  from  20  to  25  feet  high,  and  the  locks 
are  178  feet  long,  and  33  feet  wide,  and  the  least 
depth  through  the  whole  course  is  6  feet,  so  that 
boats  of  a  less  draft  than  this,  can  navigate  it  at 
all  times.  The  difference  of  level  overcome  by 
the  locks,  is  210  feet.  The  estimated  cost  of  tho 
whole,  is  $2,297,409. 


KENTUCKY. 

Kentucky,  one  of  the  western  United  States,  is  bounded  n.  by  Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Illinois,  from 

which  i  is  separated  by  the  Ohio  river ,  e.  by  Virginia ;  s.  by  Tennessee ;  and  w.  by  the  Missis- 

8ToP5o^d  rS^'i"  fr™  Mkissouri-    II  is  between  360  30'  and  39o  W  N.  Iat.,  .L  between 

400  IT  h  h  Tv,  T™  ™d,  bGtWeen  5°  and  10°  W- l0n-  from  W-  Its  ^eatest  len^h  is  about 
400  mdes    and  breadth  170  miles,  containing  40,500  square  miles,  or  25,920,000  acres.    The  ponu- 

1^9  82?  T  kT^T'  22°f9'  ^  1810'  4°6'511 !  in  182°>  564'317'  »  1830»  MS^Tin 
Cq I  A  r  7  °  \ IT,*53  WGre  SlaVeS>  °f  the  free  P°Pu^°n>  305,323  were  white  males ; 
wto  ?   o^o  W6re  C°l0red  malGS;  3'556  d0'fe^es.    Employed  in  agriculture 

197,738  ;  in  commerce,  3,448 ;  m  manufactures  and  trades,  23,217  ;  navigating  the  ocean,  44 ;  canals 
lakes,  and  rivers,  968;  in  mining,  331 ;  learned  professions,  2,487 

There  are  90  counties  in  this  state,  which  with  their  population  in  1840,  and  their  capitals,  were 
as  follows  :  Adair,  8,466,  Columbia ;  Allen,  7,329,  Scottsville ;  Barren,  17,288,  Glasgow  ;  Bath, 
9^63    Owingsville;  Boone,  10,034,  Burlington;  Bourbon,   14,478,    Paris;   Breathitt,   2,195 
Breathitt;   Bracken,  7,053,   Augusta;  Breckenridge,  8,944,  Hardingsburg ;   Bulitt    6  334 
Shepherdsville;  Butler,  3,898,  Morgantown;  Caldwell,  10,365,  Princeton ;  Calloway,  9,794 
Wadesborough;  Campbell,  5,214,  Newport;  Carroll,  3,966,  Carrollton  ;  Carter,  2,905,  Gray- 
T^r  ™  EY V      '    r ?Grty '"  Christian*  15'587>  Hopkinsville  ;  Clark,  10,802,  Winchester ;  Clay, 
4,607,  Manchester;  Clinton,  3,863,  Albany  ;  Cumberland,  6,090,  Burkesville  ;  Davies,  8,331, 
Owensborough;  Edmons ton,  2,914,  Brownsville  ;  Estill,  5,535,  Irvine  ;  Fayette,  22,194,  Lex- 
ington ;  Fleming,  13,268,  Flemingsburg ;  Floyd,  6,302,  Prestonburg ;  Franklin,  9,420,  Frankfort ; 
VA*tAZ™\  :  f? 3' Warsaw;  Garrard,  10,480,  Lancaster;  Grant,  4,192,  Williamstown ;  Graves, 
7,465,  Mayfield;  Grayson,  4,461,   Litchfield;  Greene,  14,212,  Greensburg ;  Greenup,  6,297, 
Greenupsburg;  Hancock,  2,581,  Hawesville ;  Hardin,  16,357,  Elizabethtown ;  Harlan,  3,015, 
ML  Pleasant;  Harrison,  12,472  Cynthiana;  Hart,  7,031,  Munfordsville ;  Henderson,  9,548, 
Henderson ;  Henry  10,015,  New  Castle  ;  Hickman,  8,968,  Clinton  ;  Hopkins,  9,171,  MadisonvUle  ; 
Jefferson,  36,346,  Louisville;  Jessamine,  9,396,  Nicholasville ;  Kenton,  7,816,  Independence; 
Knox,  5,722,  Barbourville  ;  Laurel,  3,079,  London ;  Lawrence,  4,730,  Louisa ;  Lewis,  6,306, 
Clarksburg ;  Lincoln,  10,187,  Stanford ;  Livingston,  9,025,  Smithland  ;  Logan,  13,615,  Russel- 
ville;    Madison,  16,355,    Richmond;  Marion,  11,032,    Lebanon;    Mason,   15,719,  Maysville; 


KEN 322  KEN 

koe,  6,526,  Tompkinsville  ;  Montgomery  9  332 Mom  "f^^^'^'c^isle  ;  Ohio, 
Muhlenbtog,  6,964,  Greenville;  Nelson,  13,63,  ^f"™'^  .  i^DI.ETON,  4,455,  Fal- 
6,592,  Hartford;  Ouiham,  7  380    La  SW<*"J  ffiSw*««-l  *•-«•*■. 

S,aSm  W^NOTON,  lo^O.'springfield;  W««,  7,399,  Monticello ;  Wh.t.ev,  4,673, 
^SSCSSrSI  of 'tue'Scky'river,  60  miles  above  to  entrance  in**.  Ohio,  is  the 

Tfhlly  country,  the  more  mountainous  eastern  counties  and  Green  river  is  a fertile    rac^fre 

land,  and  also  well  adapted  to  the  raising  of  hogs  and  cattle     The  whol e  sta e  helo^emo^ 
Sins  has  at  the  usual  depth  of  8  feet  a  bed  of  limestone,  which  has  frequent  apertures  through 

which  has  been,  to  a  considerable  extent,  nmnufactured  from  it.  „„ui,,riev 

Wheat    tobacco    and  hemp  are  the  staple  productions;  but  Indian  corn,  rye,  oats   barley, 

Inl^^^oUwS  are  extensively  cultivated.    Apples,  pears,  peaches    and  plums 

areteC  common  fruits.    Horses,  horned  cattle,  »*'»*i«"^HS!S5Kf: 

,  .  x  -1  sa(\  qq^  s^  Vior^pq  ind  mules  ;  787,098  neat  cattle     1,UU»,-S4U  sneep , 

In  this  state  there  were,  in  1840,  395,8o h *!«!^.m^'       ^        duced  4,803,152  bushels  of 

2  310  533  swine:  poultry  to  the  value  of  $53b,4dy,  mere  were  piuum.*       ,       ,  f 

Among  the  mineral  productions  of  Kentucky,  ore  iron  ore  coal  so  t,  and  lime  The  salt  hcks 
as  the  springs  are  called,  from  the  fact  that  cattle  and  wild  annuals  have  been '  ^o  '"kuf 
around  them,  are  numerous,  and  salt  is  extensively  manufactured,  not  only  £^r*ri"K£ 
but  for  exportation.  The  greater  part  of  the  exports  of  tins  state  pass  down  the  M»»»W  *?  N™ 
Orleans,  and  its  chief  imports  are  brought  in  steamboats  through  the  same  river  and  the  Ohio,  and 
other  tributaries  in  this  state.  ,  ,  ,      ....._ 

The  winters  are  mild,  being  only  of  2  or  3  months  continuance,  but  the  atmosphere  at  that  season 
is  moist.     Spring  and  autumn  are  delightful ;  and  on  the  whole,  the  climate  is  salubrious 

Tto  Ohio^by  its  various  windings,  borders  this  state  on  the  n.  for  637  miles  Cumberland  and 
Tennessee  rivers  pass  through  the  western  part  of  this  state  as  they  *If^^/^T?  ^ 
the  Ohio.  Cumberland  river,  also,  rises  in  the  eastern  part  of  this  state,  rhe  B  g  ^^ 
miles  long,  and,  for  a  considerable  distance,  forms  the  boundary  between  this  state  and  Virginia 
St Tnav- Lie  50  miles  for  boats.  The  Kentucky  river  rises  in  the  Cumberland  mountains  and 
If^ra  else  generally  through  a  deep  rocky  bed,  falls  into  the  Ohio,  77 ^irnles  £*"£ 
It  is  navigable  by  steamboats  60  miles  to  Frankfort.  Licking,  Green,  and  Salt,  are  other  consul 
erable  rivers.    The  Mississippi  runs  on  the  western  border  of  the  state. 

Louisville,  on  the  Ohio,  is  much  the  largest  and  most  commercial  place  in  the  state,  vexing- 
ton  the  oldest  town  in  the  state,  is  distinguished  for  its  beauty  and  refinement  as  well  as  tor  its 
business     Maysville,  on  the  Ohio,  and  Frankfort,  on  the  Kentucky,  are  important  places. 


KEN 323  KEN 

There  were  in  the  state,  in  1810,  5  commercial  and  50  commission  houses  engaged  in  foreign 
trade,  with  a  capital  of  $620,700  ;  1,685  retail  drygoods  and  other  stores,  with  a  cap.  of  $9,4 1  i 
571  persons  employed  in  the  lumber  trade,  with  a  capital  of  $105,925;  101  persons  employed  in  in- 
ternal transportation,  who,  with  183  butchers,  packers,  &c.,  employed  a  capital  of  $183,850. 

The  amount  of  home-made  or  family  manufactures,  was  $2,622,462;  there  were  40  woollen 
manufactories,  employing  200  persons,  manufacturing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $151,246,  with  a 
capital  of  $138,000 ;  58  cotton  manufactories,  with  12,358  spindles,  employing  523  persons,  produc- 
ing articles  to  the  amount  of  $329,380,  with  a  capital  of  $316,113  ;  17  furnaces,  producing  29,206 
tons  of  cast  iron,  and  13  forges,  &c,  producing  3,637  tons  of  bar  iron,  employing  1,108  persons,  and 
a  capital  of  $449,000 ;  27  persons  produced  2,125  tons  of  anthracite  coal,  with  a  capital  of  $14,150; 
213  persons  produced  588,167  tons  of  bituminous  coal,  with  a  capital  of  $76,627 ;  291  persons  pro- 
duced 219,695  bushels  of  salt,  with  a  capital  of  $163,585 ;  100  persons  produced  granite  and  marble 
to  the  amount  of  $19,592,  with  a  capital  of  $6,212 ;  7  paper  mills  employed  47  persons,  and  pro- 
duced articles  to  the  amount  of  $44,000,  employing  a  capital  of  $47,500 ;  hats  and  caps  were  pro- 
duced to  the  amount  of  $201,310,  and  straw  bonnets  to  the  amount  of  $4,483,  employing  194  persons, 
with  a  capital  of  $118,850;  587  persons  manufactured  tobacco  to  the  amount  of  $413,585,  with  a 
capital  of  $230,400 ;  387  tanneries  employed  978  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $567,954 ;  548  other 
manufactories  of  leather,  as  saddleries,  &c,  produced  articles  to  the  amount  of  $732,646,  with  a 
capital  of  $369,835  ;  1  glass  house  produced  articles  to  the  amount  of  $3,000,  with  a  capital  of  $500 ; 
16  potteries,  employing  51  persons,  produced  articles  to  the  amount  of  $24,090,  with  a  capital  of 
$9,670;  11  powder  mills  employed  58  persons,  and  produced  282,500  pounds  of  gunpowder,  with  a 
capital  of  $42,000 ;  25  persons  produced  paints  and  drugs  to  the  amount  of  $26,994,  and  turpentine 
and  varnish  to  the  amount  of  $2,000,  with  a  capital  of  $16,630;  28  persons  produced  confectionery 
to  the  amount  of  $36,050,  with  a  capital  of  $14,250;  111  rope  walks  employed  1,888  persons,  and 
produced  cordage  to  the  amount  of  $1,292,276,  with  a  capital  of  $1,023,130;  6  persons  produced 
musical  instruments  to  the  amount  of  $4,500,  with  a  capital  of  $5,000 ;  149  persons  produced  ma- 
chinery to  the  amount  of  $46,074 ;  30  persons  produced  hardware  and  cutlery  to  the  amount  of 
$22,350;  109  persons  produced  2,341  small-arms,  with  a  capital  of  $19,060  ;  21  persons  manufac- 
tured the  precious  metals  to  the  amount  of  $19,060 ;  657  persons  produced  bricks  and  lime  to  the 
amount  of  $240,919 ;  516  persons  manufactured  2,282,426  pounds  of  soap,  563,635  do.  of  tallow  can- 
dles, and  315  pounds  of  spermaceti  or  wax  candles,  with  a  capital  of  $28,765  ;  839  distilleries  pro- 
duced 1,763,685  gallons,  and  50  breweries  produced  214,589  gallons,  the  whole  employing  1,092 
persons,  and  a  capital  of  $315,308;  533  persons  produced  carriages  and  wagons  to  the  amount  of 
$168,724,  with  a  capital  of  $79,378 ;  258  flouring  mills  produced  273,088  barrels  of  flour,  and  with 
other  mills  employed  2,067  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $2,437,937,  with  a  capital 
of  $1,650,689 ;  453  persons  manufactured  furniture  to  the  amount  of  $273,350,  with  a  capital  of 
$139,295  ;  485  stone  or  brick  houses,  and  1,757  wooden  houses  employed  2,883  persons,  and  cost 
$1,039,172 ;  34  printing  offices,  3  binderies,  5  daily,  7  semi-weekly,  and  26  weekly  newspapers, 
and  8  periodicals,  employed  226  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $86,325.  The  whole  amount  of  capital 
employed  in  manufactures  was  $5,945,259. 

The  Transylvania  University,  at  Lexington,  was  founded  in  1798,  and  is  an  important  institution. 
Centre  College,  at  Danville,  was  founded  in  1822 ;  St.  Joseph's  College,  at  Bardstown,  (Catholic,) 
was  founded  in  1819;  Augusta  College,  at  Augusta,  (Methodist,)  was  founded  in  1825;  Cumber- 
land College,  at  Princetown,  was  founded  in  1825  ;  Georgetown  College,  at  Georgetown,  (Baptist,) 
was  founded  in  1829 ;  Bacon  College,  at  Harrodsburg,  was  founded  in  1836  ;  St.  Mary's  College, 
Marion  county,  (Catholic,)  was  founded  in  1837.  There  is  a  flourishing  medical  department  con- 
nected with  the  Transylvania  University,  and  a  medical  institution  at  Louisville.  In  these  institu- 
tions there  were,  in  1840,  1,419  students.  There  were  in  the  state  116  academies  and  grammar 
schools,  with  4,906  students;  952  common  and  primary  schools,  with  24,641  scholars;  and  40,010 
free  white  persons,  over  20  years  of  age,  who  could  neither  read  nor  write. 

In  1836,  the  Baptists,  the  most  numerous  denomination,  had  500  churches,  about  300  ministers, 
and  35,000  communicants ;  the  Methodists  100  travelling  preachers,  and  31,369  communicants ; 
the  Presbyterians  120  churches  and  8  or  10,000  communicants ;  the  Episcopalians  1  bishop  and 
13  ministers ;  the  Roman  Catholics,  1  bishop  and  34  ministers.  There  is  also  a  considerable  num- 
ber of  Cumberland  Presbyterians,   Reformed  Baptists,  2  societies  of  Shakersr  and  1  of  Unitarians. 

At  the  commencement  of  1840,  this  state  had  14  banks  and  branches,  with  an  aggregate  capital 
of  $7,789,003,  and  a  circulation  of  $3,476,367.  At  the  close  of  1840,  the  state  debt  amounted  to 
$4,665,000. 

The  first  constitution  was  formed  in  1790,  and  the  present  one  in  1799.  The  governor  is  elected 
for  4  years  by  the  people,  and  is  ineligible  for  the  next  seven.  A  lieutenant-governor  is  chosen  at 
the  same  time,  who  is  president  of  the  senate,  and  who,  in  case  of  the  death  or  absence  of  the 
governor,  succeeds  to  his  duties.  The  senators  are  elected  for  4  years,  one  quarter  of  them  being 
chosen  annually.    Their  number  cannot  exceed  38  nor  be  less  than  24.    The  representatives  are 


KEY 


324 


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chosen  annually,  and  apportioned  every  4  years  among  the  counties  according  to  the  number  of 
electors.  Every  free  white  male  citizen  who  is  21  years  of  age,  and  has  resided  2  years  in  the  state, 
or  county  in  which  he  offers  his  vote,  one  year  next  preceding  the  election,  has  the  right  of  suf- 
frage. Votes  are  given  openly,  or  viva  voce,  and  not  by  bal]pt.  The  judges  of  the  several  courts 
hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior. 

A  short  but  most  important  work  of  internal  improvement  is  the  Louisville  and  Portland  canal, 
2i  miles  long,  around  the  rapids  in  the  Ohio  river  at  Louisville.  It  admits  steamboats  of  the  largest 
class,  is  excavated  10  feet  deep,  in  solid  limestone,  and  cost  $730,000.  The  navigation  of  Ken- 
tucky, Licking,  and  Green  rivers,  has  been  extensively  improved  by  dams  and  locks.  The  Lex- 
ington and  Ohio  railroad  extends  from  Lexington  to  Frankfort,  and  is  intended  to  be  continued  to 
Louisville.    Several  other  railroads  have  been  projected. 

This  state  was  first  explored  by  Daniel  Boone,  an  enterprising  hunter,  in  1770.  The  first  white 
family  settled  near  Lexington  in  1775.  The  first  settlers  were  greatly  annoyed  by  the  Indians, 
until  Gen.  Clark  took  their  posts  and  broke  up  their  haunts,  in  1778.  This  state  originally  belonged 
to  Virginia,  and  in  1782,  was  erected  into  a  separate  district  by  the  name  of  Kentucky.  In  1789 
it  was  separated  from  Virginia,  and  in  1792  was  admitted  into  the  Union. 


Kentuckyville,  p-v.,  Susquehannahco.,  Pa., 
174  N.  E.  by  N.  Harrisburg,  278  W. 

Keokuck,  p-v.,  Lee  co.,  Iowa.  Situated  on  the 
w.  side  of  Mississippi  r.,  at  the  foot  of  the  lower 
rapids.  It  is  laid  out  on  a  mile  square,  and  has 
about  150  or  200  inhabitants. 

Kepner's,  p-o.,  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  73  N.  e. 
Harrisburg,  183  W. 

Kernersville,  p-o.,  Stokes  co.,  N.  C.,  98  w. 
N.  w.  Raleigh,  309  W. 

Kern's  Mills,  p-o.,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  88  E.  n. 
e.  Harrisburg,  181  W. 

Kernsville,  p-v.,  Moore  t.,  Northampton  co., 

Pa.,  105  E.  N.  E.  Harrisburg,  198  W.     It  has  1 

store,  a  grist  m.,  a  tannery,  and  4  or  5  dwellings. 

Kersey's,  p-o.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  150  n.  w. 

Harrisburg,  242  W. 

Kershaw,  district,  S.  C.  Situated  a  little  n. 
e.  of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  792  sq. 
ms.  Drained  by  Wateree  r.  and  its  branches, 
and  by  Lynch  and  Little  Lynch  creeks  and 
branches.  The  river  lands  are  remarkable  for 
their  fertility ;  the  uplands  are  sandy,  but  fertile 
when  cultivated.  Capital,  Camden.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  11,494,  sheep  15,984,  swine 
2,004;  wheat  4,744  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
160,300,  oats  11,525,  potatoes  10,080,  cotton 
14,475  pounds;  29  stores,  cap.  $21,600;  1  cotton 
fac.  120  sp.,  4  tanneries,  8  flouring  m.,  34  grist  m., 
10  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspa- 
per. Cap.  in  manufac.  $123,700.  3  acad.  127 
students,  13  sch.  304  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
3,988,  slaves  8,043,  free  col'd  250;  total,  12,281. 
Keskkauko,  county,  Mich.,  in  the  n.  part  of 
the  state,  and  e.  side  of  Lake  Michigan,  and  Lit- 
tle Traverse  bay. 

Ketcham's  Corners,  p-o.,  Stillwater  t.,  Sara 
toga  co.,  N.  Y. 

Ketch's  Mills,  p-o.,  Hartford  co.,  Ct.,  14 
Hartford,  350  W. 

Kewaunee,  p-v.,  Milwaukee  co.,  Wis.,  72  e. 
Madison,  813  W. 

Keyport,  p-v.,  Middletown  t.,  Monmouth  co., 
N.  J.,  46  e.  by  n.  Trenton,  813  W. 

Keysburg,  p-v.,  Logan  co.,  Ky.,  194  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  721  W. 

Keysburg,  p-v.,  Pike  co.,  111.,  77  w.  by  s. 
Springfield,  857  W. 
Keyserville,  p-o.,  Livingston  co.,  N.  Y. 
Keysville,  p-v.,  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  93  s.  w. 
by  w.  Richmond,  183  W. 

Keytesville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Chariton  co., 
Mo.,  91  n.  w.  Jefferson  city,  985  W.  Situated  2 
ms.  w.  of  the  Grand  Chariton  r.,  and  15  ms.  n. 
from  its  entrance  into  the  Missouri  r.  It  has  a 
Court  house,  jail,  and  200  inhabitants. 
Key  West,  p-v.f  capital  of  Monroe  co.,  Flor. 


Situated  on  the  N.  w.  end  of  an  island  of  the 
same  name,  otherwise  called  Thompson's  island, 
4  ms.  long  and  1  wide,  one  of  the  Florida  keys. 
It  has  a  fine  harbor,  admitting  vessels  requiring 
27  feet  of  water,  and  capable  of  being  well  forti- 
fied. It  may  become  the  key  to  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  as  the  passage  here  is  safer,  and  90  ms. 
nearer  than  round  the  Tortugas,  and  has  9  feet 
of  water.  It  was  incorporated  in  1829,  and  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  1  Episcopal  church,  22 
stores  and  groceries,  2  large  warehouses,  110 
dwellings,  and  about  500  inhabitants.  It  is  finely 
situated  for  a  naval  station.  It  has  a  light  house. 
Sixteen  or  17,000  bushels  of  salt  are  manufactur- 
ed annually  by  solar  evaporation.  The  thermo- 
meter ranges  from  50°  to  90°  of  Fahrenheit.  The 
whole  island  lies  on  a  bed  of  limestone,  about  1 
foot  beneath  the  surface.  Wells  are  dug  into 
the  rock,  to  the  level  of  the  sea,  which  afford 
fresh  water,  but  rain  water  is  chiefly  used.  The 
inhabitants  are  principally  employed  as  "  wreck- 
ers." About  15  vessels  are  wrecked  annually, 
on  the  Florida  reef,  and  these  persons  are  em- 
ployed in  saving  the  property,  and  receive,  on 
an  average,  about  $77,000  annually. 

Kezar  Falls,  p-o.,  York  co.,  Me.,  80  s.  w. 
Augusta,  547  W. 

Kiamishi,  r.,  Indian  ter.,  rises  in  Arkansas, 
and  enters  Red  r.  6  ms.  below  Fort  Towson. 

Kidron,  p-v.,  Coweta  co.,  Ga.,  96  w.  by  N. 
Milledgeville,  700  W. 

Kidron,  p-v.,  Cherokee  nation,  Indian  ter. 
(See  Dwight.) 

Kilbourn,  p-o.,  Delaware  co.,  O.,  29  N.  Co- 
lumbus, 413  W. 

Kilgore,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  O.,  118  E.  N.  E. 
Columbus,  289  W. 

Kilkenny,  p-t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H.,  106  n.  Con- 
cord, 575  W.  Chartered  in  1744,  but  being  a 
mountainous  region,  with  little  land  that  invites 
cultivation,  it  has  been  little  settled.  The  wild 
animals  of  the  forest  hold  the  chief  possession. 
It  has  1  sch.  10  scholars.     Pop.  19. 

Killbuck,  p-o.,  Great  Valley  t.,  Cattaraugus 
co.,  N.  Y. 

Killbuck,  p-t.,  Holmes  co.,  O.,  80  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 350  W.  Situated  on  Killbuck  cr.  It 
has  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,235.     Pop.  910. 

Killiam's  Mills,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.  C,  177 
w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  414  W. 

Kiilingly,  p-t,  Windham  co.,  Ct.,  47  e.  Hart- 
ford, 378  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  and  rough, 
but  the  soil  on  the  streams  is  fertile,  and  other- 
wise adapted  to  grazing.  Watered  by  Quinne- 
baug  r.  and  its  branches,  which  afford  extensive 
water  power.    It  has  3  fine  villages  all  in  sight 


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of  each  other.  The  t.  was  chartered  in  1709 
It  has  22  stores,  cap.  $56,100;  1  furnace,  1  wool- 
len fac,  16  cotton  fac.  21,998  sp.,  1  tannery,  8 
grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $404,950. 
1  acad.  100  students,  20  sch.  996  scholars.  Pop. 
3,6^5. 

KlLLlNGWORTH,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Ct,  49  s. 
by  K.  Hartford,  320  W.  Situated  on  Long  Isl- 
and sound.  The  surface  is  level  on  the  s.,  but 
more  uneven  and  rough  on  the  n.  ;  soil,  sandy 
and  gravelly  loam.  It  has  a  good  harbor  for 
small  vessels.  Drained  by  Hammonasset  and 
Menuketesuck  rivers.  It  has  3  stores,  capital 
$1,900;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,050.  7  sch.  171 
scholars.     Pop.  1,130. 

Kilmarnock,  p-t.,  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.,  104  n 
e.  Augusta,  701  W.  Watered  by  Piscataquis  r 
and  a  tributary,  the  outlet  of  Otter  pond.  It  has 
1  tannery,  1  saw  m.,  5  sch.  122  scholars.  Pop. 
olJ. 

Kilmarnock,  p-v.,  Lancaster  co.,  Va.,  90  e 
Richmond,  150  W.  Situated  on  Chesapeake 
bay,  at  the  mouth  of  a  small  cr.  It  contains  4 
churches— 1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  and  2  Method- 
ist— 3  stores,  and  about  140  inhabitants. 

Killington  Peak,  Vt.,  a  summit  of  the  Green 
Mountains  in  the  s.  part  of  Sherburne  t.,  2  924 
feet  above  tidewater. 

Kimberton,  p-v.,  E.  Pikeland  t.,  Chester  co., 
Pa.,  7d  e.  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  153  W.  It  contains  a 
store,  a  boarding  school,  and  5  or  6  dwellings. 

Kimbolton,  p-v.,  Guernsey  co.,  O.,  88  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 327  W. 

Kimulga,  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,  Ala.,  97  e.  Tusca- 
loosa, 769  W. 

Kimble,  t.,  Athens  co.,  O.  It  has  1  grist  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,500.  Pop.  762. 
Kincannon's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Meigs  co.,  Tenn. 
Kinderhook,  county,  Mo.  Situated  a  little 
s.  w.  of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  520 
sq.  ms.  Drained  by  a  branch  of  Osage  r.,  which 
runs  on  its  n.  boundary.     Capital,  Oregon. 

Kinderhook,  p-t.,  Columbia  co.,  N.  Y,  19  s. 
Albany,  351  W.  The  surface  is  diversified ;  soil, 
a  fertile  sandy  loam  and  clay,  well  cultivated 
Drained  by  Kinderhook  cr.  The  v.  is  situated 
on  a  plain  5  ms.  e.-  of  Hudson  r.,  and  contains  2 
churches— 1  Dutch  Reformed  and  1  Baptist— a 
bank,  an  academy,  14  stores,  a  printing  office,  200 
dwellings,  and  about  1,400  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.  23  stores,  cap.  $53,800 ;  2  fulling  m., 
1  woollen  fac,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  news- 
paper, 3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
#194,700.  2  acad.  314  students.  11  sch.  732 
scholars.     Pop.  3,512. 

Kinderhook,  cr.,  rises  in  Rensselaer  co.,  and 
enters  Hudson  r.  near  Columbiaville,  in  Colum- 
bia co.     It  affords  extensive  water  power. 
Kinderhook,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  N.  C. 
Kinderhook,  p-v.,  Pike  co.,  111.,  84  w.  bv  s. 
Springfield,  864  W. 

Kinderhook,  p-o.,  Gasconade  co.,  Mo.,  38  s. 
E.  Jefferson  city,  960  W. 

Kinderhook,  p-o.,  Van  Buren  co..  Ark..  120 
N.  Little  Rock,  1,096  W. 

Kinderhamack,  p-o.,  Bergen  co.,  N.  J.,  81  n 
e.  Trenton,  247  W. 

King  and  Queen,  county,  Va.  Situated  in 
the  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  335  sq.  ms. 
It  lies  between  Piankatank  r.  on  the  n.  e.,  and 
Mattapony  r.  on  the  s.  w.,  branches  of  York  r. 
Capital,  King  and  Queen  C.  H.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  8,202 ;  rye  2,662  bush,  produced 
Ind.  corn  313,384,  oats  3S212,  potatoes  13,525,  to- 
bacco 8,120  pounds,  cotton  42,275;  6  stores,  cap. 
$21,500 ;  1  tannery,  4  flouring  m.,  25  grist  m.,  8 


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',    .         \ oP< !"  nmn,1(l»;-  $<*>0,206.     H  acad 
students, J3«ch.  2.i0  scholar..    Pop.  whites  1,426, 
slaves  5,937,  free  col'd  499;  total,  10,862 

King  and  Queen  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capita]  „f  King 
arid  Queen  co.,  Va.,  53  k.  n.  k.  Richmond,  III 
w.  Situated  on  a  plain  three  quarters  of  a  mile 
from  Mattapony  r.,  and  contains  a  court  hoilM 

&lstore8i }nAT^  m'and  '  **  '"  '"  *• 

vicinity,  and  60  inhabitants,  of  whom  40  are  col- 
ored. 

King  Creek,  p-o,  Barnwell  dist.,  S.  C,  147 
Columbia,  613  W. 

Kingfield,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  59  n  n  w 
Augusta,  648  W.  Watered  by  Seven  Mile  r.,  a 
-7w  °i  e  Kennebec  r-  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$800.    9  sch.  270  scholars.    Pop.  07 1 . 

King  George,  county,  Va.  Skteted  toward 
the  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  254  sq.  ms. 
It  has  the  Potomac  r.  on  its  n.  e.,  and  the  Rappa- 
hannock on  its  s.  w.  border.  The  surface  is 
hilly ;  soil,  various.  Organized  in  1720.  Capi- 
tal, King  George  C.  H.    There  were  in  1840,  neat 

SyftLt'54?'  8he,ep  4'623'  8wine  6'689?  wheat 
37,606  bush,  prod.,  rye  3,629,  Ind.  corn  251,270, 
oats  36,697,  potatoes  5,902,  tobacco  22,913  pounds 
cotton  4,165;  6  stores,  cap.  $21,500;  11  grist  m. 
3  saw  m.,  5  acad.  37  students,  10  sch.  152  schol- 
ars. Pop.  whites  2,269,  slaves  3,382,  free  col'd 
276 ;  total,  5,927. 

King  George  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  King 
George  co.,  Va.,  82  n.  n.  e.  Richmond,  76  W.  ft 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  1  store,  15  dwellings, 
and  about  60  inhabitants. 

King  of  Prussia,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa., 
85  e.  Harrisburg,  155  W. 

Kingsborough,  p-v.,  Johnstown  t.,  Fulton  co.f 
N.  Y  50  n.  w.  Albany,  414  W.  It  contains  1 
church,  1  high  school,  2  stores,  40  dwellings,  and 
about  300  inhabitants. 

Kings,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  on  the  w.  end 
of  Long  Island,  and  contains  76  sq.  ms.  Organ- 
ized m  1683.  The  surface  is  level,  with  a  range 
of  hills  through  the  centre  from  E.  to  w.  The 
soil  is  a  sandy  loam,  highly  cultivated,  extensively 
producing  vegetables  for  the  New  York  market 
It  has  Gravesend  and  Jamaica  bays  on  the  s.  part 
Coney  island,  on  the  s.,  is  a  famous  place  for  sea- 
bathing. The  Long  Island  railroad  commences 
at  Brooklyn,  and  crosses  the  co.  Capital,  Brook- 
lyn. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,978,  sheep 
48,  swine  8,360;  wheat  24,964  bush,  produced, 
rye  8,537,  Ind.  corn  81,824,  buckwheat  3,933,  oats 
72,460,  potatoes  95,805 ;  5  commercial  and  com. 
houses  in  foreign  trade,  cap.  $109,500 ;  209  stores, 
cap.  $515,800;  6  lumber  yards,  cap.  $77,000; 
cap.  invested  in  manufacture  of  drugs,  paints, 
&c,  $322,000;  1  tannery,  9  distilleries,  1  brew- 
ery, 14  rope  fac,  5  printing  offices,  2  binderies,  1 
periodical,  1  daily,  4  weekly,  1  semi-weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,806,950.  23 
acad.  1,398  students,  53  sch.  5,280  scholars.  Pop. 
47,613.  V 

King's  Bridge,  p-v.,  New  York  co.,  N.  Y.,  13 
N.  of  City  Hall,  N.  Y.,  136  s.  Albany,  238  W. 
Situated  near  a  bridge  crossing  the  Spuyten  Duy- 
vel  creek,  at  the  n.  end  of  New  York  or  Manhat- 
tan island. 

Kingsbury,  p-t.,  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.  It  has 
1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  3  sch.  95  scholars.  Pop.  227. 
Kingsbury,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  N.  Y.,  58  n. 
Albany,  428  W.  The  surface  is  generally  level ; 
soil,  sand,  sandy  loam,  and  clay.  Hudson  r.  runs 
on  its  s.  w.  border.  Drained  by  a  branch  of 
Wood  cr.  The  v.  contains  1  church,  2  stores, 
and  15  or  20  dwellings.  The  v.  of  Sandy  Hill, 
the  half-shire  of  the  co.,  is  in  this  t.    It  has  14 


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326 


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stores,  cap.  $28,250;  1  fulling  m,  1  woollen  fac., 

1  tannery,  1  printing  office,!  bindery,  1  weekly 
newspaper,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  menu- 
fac  $17,825.  3  acad.  164  students,  16  sen.  8j9 
scholars.     Pop.  2,773. 

Kingsbury,  p-o.,  La  Porte  co.,  la.,  14j  n.  by 
w.  Indianapolis,  660  W. 

Kingsessing,  p-t.,  Philadelphia  co.,  Pa.,  7 .s. 
w.  Philadelphia,  98  E.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  134  W. 
The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  alluvial.  Delaware  r. 
bounds  it  on  the  s.  E.,  in  which  are  several  islands 
belonging  to  it.  Schuylkill  r.  runs  on  its  e.  bor- 
der and  Darby  cr.  on  the  w.  Mud  island,  in  the 
Delaware,  was  the  site  of  Fort  Mifflin,  which,  in 
1777,  made  an  obstinate  and  protracted  defence 
against  the  British.  On  the  bank  of  the  Schuyl- 
kill is  a  fine  botanical  garden,  originally  founded 
by  Bartram,  the  celebrated  naturalist.  It  has  6 
stores,  cap.  $6,600  ;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $2,000 ; 
2sawm.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,900.    Pop.  1,339. 

King's  Ferry,  p-v.,  Genoa  t.,  Cayuga  co.,  JN. 
Y.,  173  w,  Albany,  315  W.    It  contains  1  church, 

2  stores,  1  steam  grist  m.,  and  about  30  dwellings. 
King's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Monongalia  co.,  Va.,  282 

N.  w.  Richmond,  206  W. 

King's  Gap,  p-o.,  Harris  co.,  Ga.,  118  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  736  W.  v.  -   *> 

Kingsley's,  p-o.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  243  s.  w 
by  w.  Harrisburg,  324  W. 

King's  Mills,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Mo.,  62 
N.  e.  Jefferson  city,  877  W. 

King's  Mountain,  p-o.,  Cleveland  co.,  N.  C, 
200  w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  437  W.  The  mountain  was 
Ihe  scene  of  a  Revolutionary  battle  in  1780. 

Kingsport,  p-v..  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  273  e. 
by  n.  Nashville,  409  W.  Situated  on  the  point, 
above  the  junction  of  the  N.  and  s.  forks  of  Holston 
r.    It  contains  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

King's  River,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  Ark.,  190  n. 
w.  by  n.  Little  Rock,  1,168  W. 

King's  Settlement,  p-o.,  Norwich  t.,  Che- 
nango co.,  N.  Y.,  106  w.  Albany,  342  W. 

Kingston,  p-L,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.,  33  s 
s.  E.  Concord,  471  W.  The  surface  is  moderate- 
ly uneven;  soil,  loam.  Chartered  in  1694.  It 
has  2  considerable  ponds,  the  outlets  of  which 
unite  and  flow  into  the  Merrimac.  It  has  6  stores, 
cap.  $6,500 ;  2  tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  6 
sch.  452  scholars.     Pop.  1,032. 

Kingston,  p-t.,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  34  Bos- 
ton, 443  W.  Situated  on  a  branch  of  Plymouth 
harbor,  and  has  a  good  harbor,  into  which  Jones 
r.,  a  considerable  stream,  enters.  The  surface  is 
level ;  soil,  thin  and  barren.  This  place  has  a 
considerable  number  of  vessels  engaged  in  the 
cod  and  mackerel  fisheries.  The  v.  on  Jones  r. 
contains  3  churches — 1  Congregationalism,  1  Uni- 
tarian, and  1  Baptist— and  50  dwellings,  many  of 
them  neat  and  handsome.  There  are  in  the  t.  7 
stores,  cap.  $8,800;  4  commercial  houses,  cap. 
$97,500 ;  1  cotton  fac.  900  sp.,  1  tannery,  3  grist. 
m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $46,600.  7  sch. 
266  scholars.    Pop.  1,440. 

Kingston,  p-v.,  South  Kingston  t.,  Washington 
co.,  R.  I.,  32  s.  by  w.  Providence,  391  W.  It 
contains  a  court  house,  a  Congregational  church, 
and  several  dwellings. 

Kingston,  p-t.,  capital,  Ulster  co.,  N.  Y.,  57  s. 
by  w.  Albany,  316  W.  The  surface  is  rolling ; 
soil,  sandy  loam,  and  fertile.  Hudson  r.  bounds 
it  on  the  e.  Watered  by  Esopus  cr.  Rondout 
cr.  runs  on  its  s.  E.  border.  The  v.  is  pleasantly 
situated  on  Esopus  cr.,  3  ms.  w.  of  the  Hudson  r. 
Incorporated  in  1805.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  4  churches— 1  Dutch  Reformed,  1  Episco- 
pal, 1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist— an  academy,  a 
female  seminary,  a  bank,  40  stores  and  groceries, 


2  printing  offices,  1  iron  foundry,  2  tobacco  fac., 
2  carriage  fac,  3  leather  fac,  300  dwellings,  and 
about  2,300  inhabitants.     There  are  in  the  t.  40 


stores,  cap.  $150,000;  3  commission  houses,  cap. 
$14,000 ;  4  lumber  yards,  cap.  $10,000 ;  1  wool- 
len fac,  3  tanneries,  3  printing  offices,  1  bindery, 
3  weekly  newspapers,  4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $37,140.  10  sch.  941  scholars.  Pop. 
5,824.  ^T  T    ,. 

Kingston,  p-v.,  Middlesex  co.,  N.  J.,  14  n.  e. 
Trenton,  180  W.  It  lies  partly  also  in  Somerset 
co.,  midway  between  Philadelphia  and  New 
York,  on  Millstone  r.  It  contains  a  Presbyte- 
rian church,  an  academy,  4  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  and  about  45  dwellings. 
The  Delaware  and  Raritan  canal  passes  through 
it,  with  a  lock  at  this  place. 

Kingston,  p-t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  127  N.  E. 
Harrisburg,  232  W.  Susquehanna  r.  bounds  it 
on  the  s.  e.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  the  soil 
fertile.  The  v.,  formerly  called  Wyoming,  is  in 
the  s.  part  of  the  t.,  and  contains  1  church,  sev- 
eral stores,  and  about  60  dwellings.  There  are 
in  the  t.  8  stores,  cap.  $43,000;  3  fulling  m.,  1 
furnace,  1  woollen  fac,  4  tanneries,  1  powder  m., 
1  paper  fac,  6  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac $56,500.    8  sch.  411  scholars.    Pop.  2,004. 

Kingston,  p-v.,  Somerset  co.,  Md.,  118  s.  e. 
by  s.  Annapolis,  158  W. 

Kingston,  p-v.,  Greene  t,  Ross  co.,  U.,  55  s. 
Columbus,  400  W.     It  contains  a  brick  church,  5 
stores,  60  dwellings,  and  about  350  inhabitants. 
Kingston,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  O.    It  has  6  sch. 
137  scholars.    Pop.  657. 

Kingston,  p-v.,  capital,  Roane  co.,  lenn.,  14d 
E.  by  s.  Nashville,  538  W.  Situated  on  the  point 
formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Clinch  and  Ten- 
nessee rivers,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a 
church,  8  stores,  and  500  inhabitants. 

Kingston,  p-v.,  De  Kalb  co.,  HI.,  218  N.  N.  E. 
Springfield,  789  W. 

Kingston,  p-v.,  Adams  co.,  Miss.,  119  s.  w. 
Jackson,  1,129  W.  It  has  1  church,  3  stores,  and 
several  dwellings. 

Kingston,  p-v.,  capital  of  Autauga  co.,  Ala., 
86  Tuscaloosa,  826  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side 
of  Autauga  cr.,  and  contains  a  court  house  and  a 
few  dwellings.  . 

Kingston,  p-v.,  capital  of  Lenoir  co.,  IN.  ^.,  eu 
s.  e.  by  e.  Raleigh,  308  W.  Situated  on  the  n. 
side  of  the  Neuse  r.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Kingstree,  p-v.,  Williamsburg  dist.,  S.  C,  105 
e.  s.  e.  Columbia,  439  W.    Situated  on  Black  r. 
Kingsville,  p-o.,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa. 
Kingsville,  p-t.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.,  213  N.  E. 
Columbus,  348  W.    Pop.  1,418. 

King  William,  county,  Va.  Situated  toward 
the  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  270  sq.  ms. 
It  lies  between  the  Mattapony  r.,  on  the  N.  e., 
and  Pamunky  r.,  on  the  s.  w.,  by  branches  of 
which  it  is  watered.  Capital,  King  William  C. 
H.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,441,  sheep 
4,977,  swine  12,727;  wheat  58,834  bushels  pro- 
duced, rye  5,870,  Indian  corn  350,370,  oats  45,149, 
potatoes  17,436,  tobacco  11,171  pounds,  cotton 
56,622;  9  stores,  cap.  $54,300;  1  tannery,  6  flour- 
ing m.,  17  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$51,275.  12  acad.  281  students  5  sch  68  schol- 
ars. Pop.  whites  3,150,  slaves  5,780,  free  col  d 
338 ;  total,  9,258.  .       _.     w.. 

King  William,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital,  King  Wil- 
liam co.,  Va.,  33  N.  E.  by  e.  Richmond,  126  W 
It  has  a  court  house,  clerk's  office,  and  2  jails,  all 
of  brick,  and  handsomely  enclosed  with  an  iron 
railing,  and  shaded  by  a  grove  of  locust  trees ;  1 
store,  10  dwellings,  and  about  Tj  inhabitants. 


KIS 


327 


KNO 


Kingwood,  p-t.,  Hunterdon  co.,  N.  J.,  29  n.  w. 
Trenton,  186  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  roll- 
ing; soil,  red  shale,  clay,  and  loam,  and  fertile. 
Drained  by  Loakatong  cr.  It  contains  several 
villages.  It  has  8  stores,  cap.  $17,500;  3  distil- 
leries, G  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$12,075.    6  sch.  157  scholars.     Pop.  2,917. 

Kingwood,  p-v.,  capital  of  Preston  co.,  Va., 
284  n.  w.  Richmond,  207  W.  Situated  on  ele- 
vated ground,  2  ms.  w.  of  Cheat  r.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  3  stores,  1  tannery,  30  dwell- 
ings, and  180  inhabitants. 

Kinniconick,  p-o.,  Lewis  co.,  Ky.,  121  n.  e. 
Frankfort,  455  W. 

Kinney's  Four  Corners,  p-o.,  Hannibal  t., 
Oswego  co.,  N.  Y.,  174  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  365  W. 

Kinsale,  p-o.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Va.,  83  n.  e. 
Richmond,  142  W. 

Kinsman,  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  193  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 309  W.  It  has  6  sch.  340  scholars.  Pop. 
953. 

Kinzua,  p-v.,  Warren  co.,  Pa.,  223  n.  w.  Har- 
risburg,  307  W.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $38,600.   3  sch.  40  scholars.  Pop.  237. 

Kirby,  t.,  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  36  n.  e.  Montpe- 
lier,  14  n.  e.  Danville.  The  surface  is  mountain- 
ous ;  soil,  wet  and  cold.  Moose  r.,  a  branch  of 
Pasumsic  r.,  crosses  the  s.  corner  of  the  t.  It  has 
4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,100.  8  sch.  179 
scholars.     Pop.  520. 

Kirby,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Pa.,  231  w.  by  s.  Har- 
risburg,  234  W. 

Kirkersville,  p-v.,  Harrison  t,  Licking  co., 
O.,  22  e.  Columbus,  371  W.  It  contains  3  stores, 
20  dwellings,  and  about  179  inhabitants.  It  has 
1  sch.  65  scholars. 

Kirkland,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  84  n.  e. 
Augusta,  679  W.  Watered  by  streams  which 
flow  into  Pushaw  lake.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,000.  5  sch.  146  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  351. 

Kirkland,  p-t.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  100  w.  n. 
w.  Albany,  386  W.  The  surface  is  diversified  ; 
soil,  a  fertile  calcareous  loam.  Watered  by  Oris- 
kany  cr.  It  has  12  stores,  cap.  $67,000 ;  4  full- 
ing m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  cotton  fac.  3,000  sp.,  3 
tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  8 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $216,305.  2  colleges 
190  students,  1  academy  50  students,  15  sch.  718 
scholars.    Pop.  2,984. 

Kirkland,  p-o.,  Cabarras  co.,  N.  C,  147  n.  by 
w.  Raleigh,  384  W. 

Kirk's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Clinton  co.,  la.,  32 
w.  n.  w.  Indianapolis,  590  W. 

Kirksey's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Edgefield  dist., 
S.  C,  72  w.  Columbia,  535  W. 

Kirk's  Mills,  p-o.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  61  e. 
by  s.  Harrisburg,  90  W. 

Kirkville,  p-v.,  Manlius  t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N. 
Y.,  130  w.  by  N.  Albany,  353  W.  It  contains  2 
stores,  25  dwellings,  and  about  150  inhabitants. 

Kirksville,  p-v.,  Butler  co.,  Ala.,  141  s.  s.  E. 
Tuscaloosa,  872  W. 

Kirkwood,  t.,  Belmont  co.,  O.  The  national 
road  passes  through  its  s.  e.  corner.  It  has  2  sch. 
38  scholars.    Pop.  2,279. 

Kirtland,  p-t.,  Lake  co.,  O.,  167  i*.  e.  by  N. 
Columbus,  353  W.  Here  the  Mormons  first  set- 
tled, and  built  a  great  temple,  which,  since  their 
departure,  has  been  converted  into  a  seminary 
for  the  preparation  of  school-teachers,  and  is  a 
highly  respectable  institution.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $3,500 ;  1  tannery,  2  grist,  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $13,300.  1  acad.  165  students,  18 
sch.  807  scholars.     Pop.  1,778. 

KisH.vcoquiLLAS,  p-o.,  Mifflin  co.,  Pa.,  67  n. 
W.  Harrisburg,  159  W. 


Kisiiwu'kik,  p-v.,  Winnebago  co.,  III.,  197  N. 
by  k.  Springfield,  810  W. 

KisKi.tirNKTAs.  p-t.,  Armstrong  <•<».,  Pa.,  187  w. 
n.  w.  Harrisburg,  211  W.  It  has  Coonemaugl  r. 
on  its  s.  w.  lxirder.  It  lies  on  the  Kiskimii 
or  (  onnemaugh  r.  Salt  is  found.  The  I'»  nn- 
sylvania  canal  passes  through  a  part  of  the  t.  It 
has  9  stores,  cap.  $19,900;  1  tailing  in.,  3  tanner- 
ies, 2  distilleries,  2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap  in 
manufac.  $15,340.  13  sch.  370  scholars.  Pop 
2,287.  ' 

Kitchafoona,  p-o.,  Marion  co.,  Ga. 

Kittaning,  p-b.,  capital  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa., 
182  w.  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  236  W.  Th»  rarftKfe 
is  hilly;  soil,  a  fertile  gravelly  loam.  The  bor- 
ough is  situated  on  the  Alleghany  r.  It  has  a 
court  house,  stone  jail,  public  offices,  of  brick,  2 
churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  common  to  German 
Reformed  and  Lutherans — an  academy,  10  stores, 
3  tanneries,  100  dwellings,  aud  about  600  inhabit- 
ants. There  are  in  the  t.  13  stores,  cap.  $48,300 ; 
2  tanneries,  1  pottery,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly- 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,050.  1  acad. 
140  scholars.    Pop.  702. 

Kittaning,  p-t.,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  ;  soil,  a  fertile  gravelly  loam.  It  lm» 
1  tannery,  6  distilleries,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $9,170.     Pop.  1,323. 

Kittatinny,  mountains,  a  branch  of  the  Alle- 
gany, extend  through  the  n.  part  of  N.  J.,  cross 
the  Delaware  r.  at  the  Delaware  Water  Gap, _pass, 
through  Pennsylvania  and  the  w.  part  of  Mary- 
land into  Virginia. 

Kittery,  p-t.,  York  co.,  Me.,  100  s.  w.  Au- 
gusta, 497  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  e.  bankofPis- 
cataqua  r.  The  Atlantic  ocean  lies  on  its  e.  and 
s.  border.  A  bridge  connects  it  with  Portsmouth. 
It  has  a  good  harbor  for  small  vessels.  It  con- 
tains 7  stores,  cap.  $2,575 ;  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,100.  11  sch.  644  scholars. 
Pop.  2,435. 

Klecknersville,  p-o.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa., 
104  e.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  197  W. 

Kline's  Mills,  p-o.,  Somerset  co.,  N.  J.,  39  n. 
Trenton,  214  W. 

Klinesville,  p-o.,  Hunterdon  co.,  N.  J. 

Klinesville,  p-o.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  73  e.  by  n. 
Harrisburg,  165  W. 

Knap  of  Reeds,  p-o.,  Granville  co.,  N.  C,  35 
N.  Raleigh,  277  W. 

Knightstown,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  la.,  33  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 543  W.  It  is  situated  on  a  high  bluff", 
on  the  w.  side  of  Blue  r.,  and  on  the  national 
road.    Pop.  467. 

Knottsville,  p-v.,  Monongalia  co.,  Va.,  266 
N.  w.  Richmond,  190  W. 

Knottsville,  p-v.,  Daviess  co.,  Ky.,  149  w. 
s.  w.  Frankfort,  691  W. 

Knowersville,  p-o.,  Albany  co.,  N.  Y.,  16 
w.  Albany,  386  W. 

Knowlesville,  p-v.,  Ridgeway  t.,  Orleans 
co.,  N  Y.,  256  w.  by  n.  Albany,  398  W.  Sit- 
uated on  the  Erie  canal,  and  contains  3  churches, 
7  stores,  6  warehouses,  1  tannery,  70  dwellings, 
and  about  450  inhabitants. 

Knowlton,  p-t.,  Warren  co.,  N.  J.,  66  n.  by 
w.  Trenton,  224  W.  Blue  mountain  lies  on  its 
n.  boundary,  where  is  the  celebrated  Water  Gap. 
The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  slaty  on  the  hills,  and 
calcareous  loam  in  the  valleys.  Drained  by  Pau- 
lin's  kill,  Beaver  brook,  and  Shawpocussmg  cr. 
The  v.,  on  Paulin's  kill,  contains  1  store,  1  large 
grist  m.,  1  clover  m.,  and  8  or  10  dwellings.  I  here 
are  in  the  t.,  7  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$33,375.     16  sch.  769  scholars.    Pop.  2,307. 

Knox,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  centrally  in 
the  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  864  sq.  m*. 


KNO 


328 


KOR 


Watered  by  Holston  and  French  Broad  rivers,  I 
which  unite  in  tliis  county,  and  form  Tennessee  ] 
r.,  and  by  Beaver  cr.,  a  branch  of  Clinch  r.  The 
surface  is  mountainous,  excepting  on  the  streams, 
where  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Capital,  Knoxville. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  13,876,  sheep 
U  604,  swine  36,952;  wheat  101,491  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  2,940,  Ind.  corn  716,166,  oats  83,229, 
potatoes  18,050,  tobacco  18,679  pounds,  cotton 
19  781,  sugar  8,490;  3  commission  houses,  cap. 
$115,000 ;  32  stores,  cap.  $194,800 ;  2  forges,  1 
fulling  m.,  11  tanneries,  41  distilleries,  1  pottery, 
19  flouring  m.,  41  grist  m.,  35  saw  m.,  2  oil  m,  1  pa- 
per fee,  3  printing  offices,  4  weekly,  1  semi-week- 
ly, and  1  periodical  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $111,250.  1  college,  100  students,  2  acad. 
112  students,  3  sch.  69  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
13,378,  slaves  1,934,  free  colored  173;  total, 
15  485. 

Knox,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  s.  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  495  sq.  ms.  Watered 
by  Cumberland  r.,  which  passes  through  the  cen- 
tre, and  its  branches.  Capital,  Barbourville. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,384,  sheep  5,718, 
swine  17,911 ;  wheat  7,873  bush,  produced,  rye 
2,530,  Ind.  corn  263,141,  oats  56,231,  potatoes 
11,176,  tobacco  9,355  pounds,  cotton  3,618,  sugar 
10,056 ;  9  stores,  cap.  $22,900 ;  1  tannery,  26  dis- 
tilleries, 1  flouring  m.,  7  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $22,526.  3  sch.  76  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  5,022,  slaves  536,  free  col'd  164;  total, 
5,722. 

Knox,  county,  O.  Situated  near  the  centre  ol 
the  state,  and  contains  618  sq.  ms.  It  is  uneven 
on  the  e.,  level  on  the  w.  The  soil  in  the  e.  is 
moderately  good;  in  the  w.  a  rich  vegetable 
mold.  Watered  by  Vernon  r.  and  its  tributa- 
ries, which  afford  abundant  water  power.  Cap- 
ital, Mount  Vemon.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  27,772,  sheep  56,799,  swine  44,421 ;  wheat 
521,217  bush,  produced,  rye  14,895,  Ind.  corn 
518,295,  buckwheat  23,576,  barley  1,052,  oats 
069,  potatoes  80,027,  tobacco  119,459  pounds, 
ir  233,284  ;  56  stores,  cap.  $117,450 ;  3  fulling 


439,i 


sugar  233,284  ;  5b  stores,  cap 
m.,  20  tanneries,  6  distilleries,  1  brewery,  1  potte- 
ry, 4  flouring  m.,  33  grist  m.,  57  saw  m.,  29  oil  m., 
3  printing  offices,  3  weekly  newspapers.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $232,925.  1  college,  130  students,  2 
acad.  57  students,  162  sch.  6,097  scholars.  Pop. 
29  579 

Knox,  county,  la.  Situated  toward  the  s.w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  540  sq.  ms.  Or- 
ganized in  1802.  Wabash  r.  runs  on  its  w.  bor- 
der, White  r.  on  its  s.  border,  and  the  w.  fork  of 
White  r.  on  its  E.  border.  The  surface  is  cov- 
ered with  timber  and  prairie,  mostly  with  the  for- 
mer. The  soil  is  very  productive.  Capital,  Vin- 
cennes.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  11,806, 
sheep  10,106,  swine  35,295 ;  wheat  51,679  bush, 
produced,  rye  601,  Ind.  corn  668,283,  oats  124,216, 
potatoes  16,654,  tobacco  22,113  pounds,  sugar 
37,601 ;  49  stores,  cap.  $228,800 ;  1  cotton  fac. 
1,056  sp.,  6  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  brewery,  2 
potteries,  2  flouring  m.,  10  grist  m.,  16  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $92,748.  3  acad.  108  students, 
28  sch.  829  scholars.    Pop.  10,657. 

Knox,  county,  111.  Situated  toward  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  792  sq.  ms.  Or- 
ganized in  1830,  but  formed  in  1825.  Watered 
by  Henderson  and  Spoon  rivers,  and  their  tribu- 
taries. There  are  extensive  prairies,  with  timber 
on  the  streams  ;  soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Knoxville. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,536,  sheep  6,907, 
swine  28,854 ;  wheat  65,078  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  386,797,  oats  123,910,  potatoes  29,762;  16 
stores,  cap.  $78,000  ;  4  distilleries,  2  flouring  m., 


4  grist  m.,  15  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $38,400. 
1  college,  1  acad.  75  students,  18  sch.  489  schol- 
3.     Pop.  7,060. 

Knox,  p-t.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  35  n.  e.  by  E.  Au- 
gusta, 630  W.  The  soil  is  fertile  and  well  culti- 
vated. Incorporated  in  1819.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$1,250.     Pop.  897. 

Knox,  p-t.,  Albany  co.,  N.  Y.,  21  w.  Albany, 
391  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  rough  ;  soil, 
generally  fertile.  Drained  by  Bozra  kill  and  a 
tributary  of  Foxes  cr.  The  v.,  called  Knoxville, 
contains  1  Presbyterian  church,  an  academy,  2 
stores,  1  tannery,  25  dwellings,  and  about  150  in- 
habitants. There  are  in  the  t.,  6  stores,  capital 
$10,800  ;  4  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  18  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $8,575.  1  acad.  21  students,  13  sch. 
686  scholars.     Pop.  2,143. 

Knox,  p-o.,  Middlebury  t.,  Knox  co.,  O.,  62  n. 
n.  e.  Columbus,  387  W. 

Knox,  t.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.  Watered  by  the 
head  branches  of  Mahoning  cr. 

Knox,  t.,  Guernsey  co.,  O.    Pop.  538. 
Knox,  t.,  Holmes  co.,  O.    It  has  9  stores,  cap. 
$71,630;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  saw  m.,  1  oil 
m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,075.     1  sch.  30  scholars. 
Pop.  1,180. 
Knox,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,529. 
Knox  Centre,  p-o.,  Knox  t.,  Waldo  county, 
Me. 

Knoxville,  p-o.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  162  n.  Har- 
risburg,  276  W.  «.*    rt, 

Knoxville,  p-v.,  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  91  n.  w. 
Annapolis,  59  W. 

Knoxville,  p-v.,  Knox  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  0.T 
141  e.  by  n.  Columbus,  275  W.  Situated  4  ms. 
from  Ohio  r.,  and  contains  1  church,  4  stores,  1 
stone  flouring  m.,  40  dwellings,  and  200  inhabit- 

Knoxville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Crawford  co.,  Ga., 
55  s.  w.  by  w.  Milledgeville,  711  W.  Situated 
4  ms.  e.  Flint  r.  It  has  a  court  house,  jail,  an 
academy,  and  20  dwellings. 

Knoxville,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Ala.,  26  s.  w. 
Tuscaloosa,  844  W. 

Knoxville,  p-v.,  city,  and  capital  of  Knox  co., 
Tenn.,  183  e.  by  s.  Nashville,  498  W.  Situated 
on  the  n.  bank  of  Holston  r.,  4  ms.  below  the 
junction  of  French  Broad  r.,  at  the  head  of  steam- 
boat navigation.  It  contains  a  fine  court  house, 
a  jail,  3  churches— 2  Presbyterian  and  1  Method- 
ist—2  academies,  1  male  and  1  female,  5  whole- 
sale and  9  retail  stores,  about  200  dwellings,  and 
1,500  inhabitants.  The  place  is  regularly  laid 
out,  and  handsomely  built.  Much  of  the  Hiwas- 
see  railroad,  extending  from  this  place  through 
Athens  and  Augusta  to  Charleston,  S.  C,  is  gra- 
ded. East  Tennessee  College  is  located  here, 
was  founded  in  1807,  has  a  president  and  4  pro- 
fessors or  other  instructors,  56  students,  and  3,307 
vols,  in  its  libraries.  Including  a  primary  de- 
partment, it  has  generally  from  130  to  150  stu- 
dents. The  commencement  is  on  the  first 
Wednesday  in  August. 

Knoxville,  p-v.,  Knox  co.,  la.,  138  s.  w.  In- 
dianapolis, 708  W. 

Knoxville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Knox  co.,  111.,  iuu 
w.  n.  w.  Springfield,  829  W.  Situated  on  an  ele- 
vated and  rich  prairie,  near  Haw  cr.  Organized 
in  1832,  and  contains  a  courthouse,  40  dwellings, 
and  250  inhabitants. 

Knoxville,  p-v.,  Ray  co.,  Mo.,  156  w.  N.  w. 
Jefferson  city,  1,059  W. 

Kortright,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.JN.  Y.,  15  n. 
Delhi,  69  w.  s.  w.  Albany.  365  W.  'Hie  surface  is 
hilly  or  mountainous;  soil,  fertile  loam,  adapted 
to  grass.  Drained  by  Delaware  r.  and  its  tribu- 
taries.    It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $15,000 ;  2  fulling 


LAF 


329 


LAF 


m.,  3  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $13,500.  17  sen.  695  scholars.  Pop. 
2,  111 . 

Kosciusko,  county,  la.  Situated  towardthe 
N.  part  of  the  stale,  and  contains  507  sq.  ins.  Tho 
surface  is  undulating;  soil,  fertile.  Watered  by 
Tippecanoe  r.  and  other  streams,  which  afford 
water  power.  Capital,  Warsaw.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,037,  sheep  2,923,  swine 
11,880;  wheat  30,000  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
146,161,  oats  38,445,  potatoes  21,955,  tobacco 
1,569  pounds,  sugar  08,915;  13  stores,  capital 
820, 100  ;  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  4  grist  m.,  10  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,781.  6  sch.  216  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  4,170. 

Kosciusko,  p-v.,  capital  of  Attala  co.,  Miss., 
67  n.  e.  Jackson,  958  W.  Situated  on  tho  w. 
side  of  the  Yockonockony  river.  It  contains  a 
Baptist  church,  an  academy,  and  several  dwell- 
ings. 


Koskonono,  |.-u.,  Jefferson  co.,  Wis.,  48  e.  by 
s.  Madison, 832  W. 

Krkidkksvm.i.i:.  p-v.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa., 
103  e.  n.  k.  Hamaburg,  1%  VV.  Situated  on 
Bochendooqne  or.,  and  baa  I  atow.  a  nM  m., 
several  dwellings,  and  a  Lutheran  church  in  the 
vicinity. 

Kuler,  t.,  Van  Burcn  CO.,  Mhh.  It  has  8  ach. 
12  seliolars.     Pop.  126. 

Kulpsville,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  95  e. 
Ilarrisburg,  165  W. 

Kutztown,  p-b.,  Maxatawiiy  t ,  Berh 
Pa.,  09  E.  Ilarrisburg,  102  W.      Situated  on  a 
branch  of  Maiden  cr.,  and  has  1  church,  common 
to   Lutherans  and    German   Reformed,  several 
stores,  and  125  dwellings.    Pop.  693. 

Kyger,  p-o.,  Gallia  co.,  O.,  98  s.  s.  E.  Colum- 
bus, 353  W. 

Kyserick,  p-o.,  Rochester  t.,  Ulster  co.,  N.  Y., 
71  s.  s.  e.  Albany,  311  W. 


Lackawack,  p-o.,  Wawarsing  t.,  Ulster  co., 
N.  Y.,  91  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  307  W. 

Lackawannock,  t.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  6  s.  w. 
Mercer.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  clay  and 
loam.  Drained  by  Little  Neshannock  cr.  It  has 
5  stores,  cap.  $10,200 ;  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1 
flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $4,065.     14  sch.  500  scholars.     Pop.  2,130. 

Lackawanna,  p-t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1 
furnace,  4  sch.  140  scholars.    Pop.  363. 

Lackawanna,  r.,  Pa.,  rises  in  Wayne  and  Sus- 
quehanna counties,  and  after  pursuing  a  course 
generally  s.  and  s.  w.,  30  ms.  from  its  source,  it 
falls  into  Susquehanna  r.  at  Pittstown.  It  affords 
extensive  water  power. 

Lackawannoc,  mts.,  in  Luzerne  and  Wayne 
comities,  Pa.,  run  between  the  sources  of  Laeka- 
waxen  and  Lackawannock  rivers,  the  n.  part  of 
which  is  denominated  Moosuck  mountain,  and  is 
traversed  by  the  railroad  from  Honesdale  to  Car- 
bondale. 

Lackawaxen,  r.,  Pa.,  rises  chiefly  in  Wayne 
co.,  and  flows  through  a  deep  valley  and  receives 
Dyberry,  Middle,  and  Waullenpaupack  crs.,  and 
enters  the  Delaware  in  Pike  co.,  where  is  a  dam 
across  the  Delaware  to  supply  the  Delaware  and 
Hudson  canal  with  water,  and  to  enable  boats  to 
cross  the  r.  The  Delaware  and  Hudson  canal 
follows  the  Lackawaxen  r.  to  the  junction  of  Dy- 
berry cr.  at  Honesdale  25  ms.,  whence  is  a  rail- 
road, 16  ms.  to  the  Lackawanna  coal  mines. 

Lackawaxen,  p-t.,  Pike  co.,  Pa.,  182  n.  e.  Har- 
risburg,  279  W.  It  is  watered  by  Delaware  r., 
and  Lackawaxen  and  other  creeks.  It  has  3  sch. 
59  scholars.     Pop.  750. 

Lacon,  p-v.,  capital  of  Marshall  co.,  111.,  99  N. 
Springfield,  816  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  side  of 
Illinois  r.,  and  contains  3  stores,  and  about  20 
dwellings. 

Laconia,  p-v.,  Harrison  co.,  la.,  147  s.  Indian- 
apolis, 643  W.  Situated  2  ms.  n.  of  the  Ohio  r. 
It  has  1  store,  a  steam  saw  mill,  and  about  100 
inhabitants. 

Lacey's  Spring,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  Ala.,  139 
N.  N.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  722  W. 

Ladiesburg,  p-v.,  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  81  n.  w. 
Annapolis,  58  W. 

Ladiga,  p-o.,  Benton  co.,  Ala.,  152  e.  n.  E.Tus- 
caloosa, 708  W. 

Ladoga,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  la.,  38  w.  N.  w. 
Indianapolis,  609  W. 

La  Fargeville,  p-v.,  Orleans  t.,  Jefferson  co., 
N.,  Y.,  182  n.  w.  Albany,  432  W. 

La  Fayette,  parish,  La.  Situated  in  the  s. 
42 


part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,800  square  miles. 
Mermentan  r.  and  lake  bound  it  on  the  w.,  and 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  s.  The  surface  is  low  and 
level,  and  the  most  part  of  it  too  wet  for  cultiva- 
tion. Capital,  Vermilionville.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  30,088,  sheep  2,622,  swine  5,7f><> ; 
Ind.  corn  83,812  bush,  produced,  cotton  2,913,534 
pounds,  sugar  1,016,534;  2  tanneries,  1  acad.  5 
students,  6  sch.  97  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,474, 
slaves  3,233,  free  col'd  134 ;  total,  7,841. 

La  Fayette,  county,  Miss.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  790  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Tallahatchee  river  and  its  branches,  and 
Yocanapuafa  r.  Surface,  undulating;  soil,  fer- 
tile. Capital,  Oxford.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  9,000,  sheep  3,570,  swine  20,136;  wheat 
9,496  bush,  produced,  Indian  corn  270,848,  oats 
12,705,  potatoes  27,190,  tobacco  7,517  pounds, 
cotton  1,329,008;  19  stores,  cap.  $416,333;  5  tan- 
neries, 19  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$52,047.  1  college  33  students,  2  acad.  84  stu- 
dents, 7  sch.  158  scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,676, 
slaves  2,842,  free  col'd  13;  total,  6,531. 

La  Fayette,  county,  Mo.  Situated  toward 
the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  450  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  gently  undulating ;  soil,  very  fer- 
tile. Missouri  r.  runs  on  its  n.  border.  Drained 
by  small  branches  of  the  Missouri,  which  afford 
water  power.  Capital,  Lexington.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  1,990,  sheep  7,320,  swine 
37,582 ;  wheat  9,316  bush,  produced,  Indian  corn 
339,833,  oats  58,896,  potatoes  18,601,  tobacco 
7,492  pounds,  cotton  617 ;  13  stores,  can.  $138,2<X) ; 
4  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $31,500. 
8  sch.  254  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,799,  slaves 
1,990,  free  col'd  26 ;  total,  6,815. 

La  Fayette,  county,  Ark.  Situated  in  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,260  sq.  miles. 
Drained  by  Red  r.  and  its  branches.  Capital, 
Lewisville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
2,331,  sheep  215,  swine  6,625 ;  Ind.  corn  130,500 
bush,  produced,  potatoes  12,900,  cotton  1,312,890 
pounds.  Pop.  whites  505,  slaves  1,644,  free  col'd 
1;  total,  2,200.  ' 

La  Fayette,  p-t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N.  I .,  130  w. 
by  n.  Albany,  330  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  sod, 
clay  loam.  Drained  by  Onondaga  cr.  l*e  v. 
contains  1  church,  2  stores,  1  tannery,  25  dwell- 
ings, and  about  150  inhabitants,  ihc  t.  baa  I 
stores,  cap.  $15,000  ;  3  tanneries  3  "Wing  m.  3 
grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $20;0o0.  17 
sch.  881  scholars.     Pop.  2,000. 

La  Fayette,  p-v.,  Newton  t.,  Sussex  co.,  NJ„ 
75  n  Trenton,  243  W.    Situated  on  Pauhnskdl  r. 


LAG 


330 


LAH 


It  contains  1  Baptist  church,  1  store,  1  cupola  fur- 
nace 1  grist  m.,  and  12  or  14  dwellings. 

La  Fayette,  p-o.,  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  208  n.  w. 

La  Fayette,  Chambers  co.,  Ala.    (See  Cham- 

La  Fayette,  p-v.,  Deer  Creek  t.,  Madison  co., 
O.,  22  w.  Columbus,  415  W.  It  contains  2  stores, 
and  about  150  inhabitants. 

La  Fayette,  t.,  Coshocton  co.,  O.  It  has  1 
sch.  60  scholars.     Pop.  848. 

La  Fayette,  t,  Medina  co.,  O.  It  has  Z  tan- 
neries, 1  distillery,  1  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw 
m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $580.    4  sch.  127  scholars. 

L\  Fayette,  p-v.,  Christian  co.,  Ky.,  221  s.  w. 
by  w.  Frankfort,  738  W 

La  Fayette,  p-v.,  Montgomery  co.,  va.,  188 
w.  by  s.  Richmond,  256  W. 

La  Fayette,  p-v.,  capital  of  Walker  co.,  Ua., 
199  n.  w.  Milledgeville,  634  W.  Situated  on  the 
w  side  of  Chattooga  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  an  academy,  2  churches— 1  Baptist  and  1 
Methodist— 7  stores,  and  about  100  dwellings. 

La  Fayette,  p-v.,  capital  of  Tippecanoe  co., 
la  70  n.  w.  Indianapolis,  628  W.  It  is  situated 
on 'the  e.  side  of  the  Wabash  r.,  10  ms.  below  the 
mouth  of  the  Tippecanoe  r.,  at  the  head  of  steam- 
boat navigation  on  the  Wabash.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  market  house,  bank,  7  churches— 
2  Presbyterian,  (1  old  and  1  new  school,)  1  Baptist, 
1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist,  1  Universalist,  and  1  Af- 
rican—an academy,  21  stores,  2  flouring  m.,  2 
saw  m.,  1  paper  m.,  1  carding  and  fulling  m.,  400 
dwellings,  and  about  2,000  inhabitants.  1  he  Wa- 
bash and  Erie  canal  is  in  operation  to  this  place 
and  connects  it  with  Lake  Erie. 

La  Fayette,  city,  and  capital  of  Jefferson  par., 
La.,  2  w.  by  s.  New  Orleans,  1,174  W.  Though 
the  capital  of  another  parish,  it  constitutes  virtu- 
ally a  continuation  of  the  city  of  New  Orleans, 
which  joins  it  on  the  n.  e.  It  contams  a  court 
house,  and  other  county  buildings,  3  churches, 
and  a  market  house.  It  borders  on  the  Missis- 
sippi, and  has  1  steam  ferry,  which  crosses  the  r., 
and  another  which  connects  it  with  New  Orleans 
proper.  The  New  Orleans  and  Carrollton  railroad 
passes,  in  Naides-street,  through  the  city.    It  has 

1  acad.  55  students,  2  sch.  153  scholars.    Pop. 
3,207.  ,„.  , 

La  Fayette,  t.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.    It  has 

2  stores,  cap.  $11,000 ;  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.    Cap. 
in  manufac.  $26,000.  3  sch.  Ill  schol's.  Pop.  327. 

La  Fayette,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  La  Fayette 
co.,  Ark.,  162  s.  w.  Little  Rock,  1,237  W. 

La  Fayette,  t.,  Livingston  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  307. 

Lafourche,  r.,  La.,  an  outlet  of  the  Mississippi, 
which  leaves  the  r.  above  Donaldsonville,  and 

Sroceeding  s.  e.  90  ms.,  flows  into  the  Gulf  of 
lexico. 

Lafourche  Interior,  parish,  La.  Situated 
in  the  s.  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,100 
sq.  ms.  Watered  by  Bayou  Lafourche.  The  sur- 
face is  level,  and  much  of  it  too  marshy  to  be  fit 
for  cultivation.  Along  the  streams  is  some  land 
capable  of  cultivation,  and  very  fertile,  producing 
sugar  and  cotton.  Capital,  Thibodeauxville. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,401,  sheep 
1,253,  swine  8,812 ;  Ind.  corn  186,747  bush,  pro- 
duced, potatoes  20,323,  cotton  1,690,000  pounds, 
sugar  9,945,000 ;  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$18,000.  4  sch.  56  scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,986, 
slaves  3,246,  free  col'd  71 ;  total,  7,303. 

La  Fox,  p-o.,  Kane  co.,  111.,  187  n.  n.  e.  Spring- 
field, 758  W.  m  ort       ^T    , 

Lagado,  p-o.,  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  30  e.  Nash- 
ville, 673  W. 


La  Grange,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  380  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  gently  rolling ;  soil,  fertile,  with  prai- 
ries in  the  n.,  and  timber  s.  Watered  by  Fawn, 
Pigeon,  and  Little  Elkhart  rivers.  It  has  a  num- 
ber of  small  lakes.  Capital,  Lima.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,499,  sheep  3,057,  swine 
7  944  •  wheat  58,142  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
97  953,  barley  1,619,  oats  72,107,  potatoes  27,278, 
sugar  26,084  pounds  ;  12  stores,  cap.  $50,550  ; 
2  tanneries,  6  distilleries,  4  grist  m.,  15  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $43,460.  1  college,  60  students, 
2  acad.  130  students,  21  sch.  494  scholars.  1  op. 
whites  3,661,  free  col'd  3  ;  total,  3,664. 

La  Grange,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  97  N.  N. 
E.  Augusta,  693  W.  It  has  several  ponds,  from 
which  small  streams  issue,  and  flow  into  the  1  e- 
nobscot.  The  soil  is  productive.  It  has  1  grist 
m.,  4  sch.  149  scholars.     Pop.  336. 

La  Grange,  t.,  Dutchess  co.,  N.  Y.  The  sur- 
face is  rolling,  and  on  the  e.  hilly  ;  soil,  a  fertile 
gravelly  loam,  well  cultivated.  Drained  by 
Sprout  and  Wappinger's  creeks.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $8,400  ;  1  woollen  fee,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m, 
2sawm.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $52,588.  5  sch.  125 
scholars.     Pop.  1,851. 

La  Grange,  p-o.,  Covington  t.,  Wyoming  co., 
N.  Y.,  244  w.  Albany,  366  W. 

La  Grange,  p-o.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  158  N.  E. 
Harrisburg,  203  W.  . 

La  Grange,  p-t.,  Lorain  co.,  O.,  Ill  n.  n.  e. 
Columbus,  370  W.  Watered  by  the  2  branches 
of  Black  r.,  between  which  it  is  chiefly  situated. 
It  has  1  store,  cap.  $5,000;  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000.  8  sch.  249  scholars. 
Pop.  1,001. 

La  Grange,  p-v.,  capital  of  Oldham  co.,  Ky., 
35  n.  w.  by  w.  Frankfort,  577  W.  Situated  ok 
the  s.  bank  of  the  Ohio  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  1  acad.,  several  stores,  and  233  inhabitants. 
La  Grange,  p-v.,  Randolph  co.,  N.  C,  92  w. 
Raleigh,  331  W.  _ 

La  Grange,  p-v.,  capital  of  Troup  co.,  Ga.,  UL 
w.  Milledgeville,  739  W.  Situated  on  a  small 
stream  falling  into  the  Chattahoochee  r.,  and  6 
ms.  E.  of  it.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  3 
churches— 1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  1  Presbyterian, 
—an  academy,  and  1,000  inhabitants. 

La  Grange,  p-v.,  Franklin  co.,  Ala.,  136  n.  by 
w.  Tuscaloosa,  776  W.  Situated  on  elevated 
ground,  16  s.  of  Tennessee  r.  It  contains  La 
Grange  college,  under  the  direction  of  the  Meth- 
odists, founded  in  1831,  which  has  a  president,  5 
professors  or  other  instructors,  50  alumni,  100  stu- 
dents, and  1,200  vols,  in  its  libraries. 

La  Grange,  p-v.,  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  184  s. 
w.  by  w.  Nashville,  869  W.  Situated  i  m.  N.  of 
Wolf  r.  It  has  3  churches,  1  female  academy, 
and  about  450  inhabitants. 

La  Grange,  p-t.,  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  171  w.  by  s. 
Detroit,  619  W.  Watered  by  a  branch  of  Do- 
wagiake  r.  and  Putnam's  cr.  The  soil  is  fertile, 
adapted  to  grain.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $9,500  :  1 
tannery,  1  distillery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $11,988.    Pop.  769. 

La  Grange,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  111.,  134  N.by  w. 
Springfield,  863  W.  ■        -, 

La  Grange,  p-v.,  Lewis  co.,  Mo.,  129  n.  n.  e. 
Jefferson  city,  898  W.  Situated  on  the  w  bank 
of  the  Mississippi  r.,  immediately  below  the  en- 
trance of  Wyaconda  r. 

La  Grange  Bluff,  p-o.,  Brown  co.,  111.,  6b  w. 
Springfield,  846  W.  .  ,        .  . 

Lagro,  p-t.,  Wabash  co.,  la.,  94  N.  by  E.  In- 
dianapolis, 581  W.    Pop.  486. 

La  Harpe,  p-o.,  Hancock  co.,  111.,  104  w.  n 
w.  Springfield,  865  W. 


LAK 


n:u 


Lungs,  p-o.,  Green  t.,  Monroe  co.,  O.,  120  e 
Columbus,  287  W. 

Lalngbury,  p-v.,  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.,  93  n. 
w.  Detroit,  596  W. 

Lairdsviluc,  P-o.,  Westmoreland  t.,  Oneida 
co.,  N.  Y.,  102  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  381  W. 

LAiRDsvrLLK,  p-o.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  98  n. 
Harnsburg,  208  W. 

Lake,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  n.  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  220  sq.  ms.  Watered 
by  Grand  and  Chagrin'  rivers.  Lake  Erie  lies  on 
its  n.  w.  bonier.  Capital,  Painesville.  There 
were  in  IK  10,  neat  cattle  11,568,  sheep  29,891 
swine  10,393 ;  wheat  82,570  bush,  produced,  rye 
2,279,  Ind.  corn  121,136,  buckwheat  4,717,  barley 
7,238,  oats  62,255,  potatoes  81,462,  sugar  64  931 
pounds;  72  stores,  cap.  $69,100;  5  fulling  m.]  10 
tanneries,  2  distilleries,  11  grist  m.,  41  saw  m., 
2  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  3  weekly  newspa- 
pers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $44,030.  1  college,  40 
students,  2  acad.  285  students,  105  sch.  5  915 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  13,698,  free  col'd  21 ;  total, 
lo,719. 

Lake,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  n.  w.  cor- 
ner of  the  state,  and  contains  468  sq.  ms.  Lake 
Michigan  lies  on  its  n.  border.  The  surface  is 
generally  level,  with  bluffs  and  sand  hills  along 
the  lake.  Some  portion  of  it  is  marshy,  and  has 
considerable  prairie  and  woodland.  Kankakee 
r.  runs  on  its  s.  border.  Watered  by  Deep  r.  and 
Cedar  and  Eagle  creeks.  Capital,  Crown  Point. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,085,  sheep  453, 
swine  4,431 ;  wheat  15,838  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  27,675,  oats  29,176,  potatoes  16,583,  tobacco 
3,020  pounds  ;  2  stores,  cap.  $3,300  ;  1  grist  m., 
4  saw  m.,  1  printing  office.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$5,950.    7  sch.  116  scholars.    Pop.  1,468. 

Lake,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  n.  part  of 
the  state,  and  contains  425  sq.  ms.  Lake  Michi- 
gan lies  on  its  E.  border.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, covered  chiefly  with  prairie.  Watered  by 
Do?  Plaines  r.  Capital,  Little  Fort.  There  were 
in  1810,  neat  cattle  5,349,  sheep  169,  swine  7,714, 
wheat  22,556  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  34,063, 
buckwheat  3,755,  barley  3,294,  oats  46,406,  pota- 
toes 71,532;  3  stores,  cap.  $2,500;  1  tannery,  1 
grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,000.  16 
sch.  261  scholars.  Pop.  2,634. 
Lake  George,  N.  Y.  (See  George,  lake.) 
Lake,  p-o.,  Greenwich  t.,  Washington  co.,  N. 
Y.,  44  n.  N.  w.  Albany,  414  W. 

Lake,  p-t.,  Starke  co.,  O.,  131  n.  e.  Columbus, 
325  W  It  has  3  sch.  87  scholars.  Population, 
2,150.  *  ' 

Lake,  t.,  Logan  co.,  O.  The  soil  is  indifferent. 
It  contains  the  v.  of  Bellefontaine,  the  capital  of 
the  co.  There  are  in  the  t.  7  sch.  223  scholars. 
Pop.  1,175. 

Lake,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  O.  Watered  by  the  E. 
fork  of  Mohiccan  r.     Pop.  1,144. 

Lake,  C.  H.,  la.    (See  Crown  Point.) 
Lake  Drummond,  p-o.,  Norfolk  co.,  Va.,  123 
S.  E.  Richmond,  253  W. 
Lake  Hill,  p-o.,  Woodstock  t.,  Ulster  co.  N.  Y. 
Lake  Landing,  p-v.,  capital  of  Hyde  co.,  N. 
C,  215  e.  by  s.  Raleigh,  400  W.    Situated  on  the 
s.  side  of  Mattimuskett  lake. 
Lake  Laura,  p-o.,  Leon  co.,  Florida. 
Lake  Pleasant,  p-t.,  capital  of  Hamilton  co., 
N.  Y.,  81  n.  w.  by  n.  Albany,  450  W.    This 
large  t.,  being  50  ms.  long,  is  mostly  a  wilderness, 
with  mountains,  valleys,  and  lakes,  abounding 
with  wild  game  and  fish.    Drained  by  Sacanda- 
ga  and  Indian  rs.,  tributaries  of  the  Hudson.  The 
v.  is  situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Lake  Pleasant,  and 
contains  a  court  house,  and  county  clerk's  office, 
1  church,  1  store,  and  10  or  12  dwellings.    There 


LAM 


^Jh'loV"  I  ?awm«  Ca£  '"  'nauuffie.  $375. 
I  sch.  10/  scholars.     Pop 

nnrLljK  1>'y;.v,,,KNC'-'  I-*  -  *pfod  «>f  Carroll 
par.,  La.,  366  n.  n.  w.  tfew  Orleans,  1,154  W. 
It  contains  a  conrt  house,  jail,  hospital,  several 
stores  and  dwellings.  The  lake  consists  of  an 
ancient  bed  of  the  Mississippi  r  which  has  taken 
a  different  course ;  and  in  the  n.  and  B.  ..art  the 
entrance  from  the  river  is  entirely  closed 
outlet  to  the  s.  forms  Tensas  r. 

Lake  Ridge,  p-o.,  Tompkins  co.,  N.  Y.,  177 
w.  Albany,  311  W.  ? 

Lakf,  St.  Croix,  p-o.,  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis. 
Situated  on  n.  side  of  the  Mississippi  r.,  just  be- 
low the  outlet  of  Lake  St.  Croix  into  the  Missis- 
sippi.   (See  St.  Croix  r.  and  lake.) 

Laketo.n,  p-v.,  Wabash  co.,  la.,  104  n.  by  R 
Indianapolis,  594  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Eel  r. 

v  Loo^EVILAn'  P"0' Livonia  l'  Livingston  co.,  N. 
Y.,  228  w.  Albany,  353  W. 

Laiceville,  v.,  North  Hempstead  t.,  Queens 
£°1,N-  ^'o20  E'  New  York-  Situated  on  the 
border  of  Success  Pond,  a  small  but  beautiful 
sheet  of  water,  having  no  visible  outlet.  It 
abounds  with  perch.  The  v.  has  about  8  or  10 
houses. 

Lakeville,  p-v.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  43  n.  w. 
Detroit,  568  W. 
Lake  Zurich,  p-o.,  Lake  co.,  111. 
Lamar,  p-t.,  Clinton  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is 
mountainous;  soil,  in  the  valleys,  calcareous 
loam.  Drained  by  Big  Fishing  cr.  and  Cedar  cr. 
It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $20,000;  1  furnace,  1  force, 
2  tanneries,  3  flouring  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
ma"ufac  $9,400.  1  sch.  25  scholars.  Pop. 
l,o8o. 

Lamar,  p-o.,  Marshall  co.,  Miss.,  207  n.  by  E. 
Jackson,  879  W. 

Lambertsville,  p-v.,  Amwell  t.,  Hunterdon 
co.,  N.  J.,  15  n.  w.  Trenton,  173  W. 

Lambertsville,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  70  s. 
w.  Detroit,  475  W. 

La  Mine,  r.,  Mo.,  rises  in  La  Fayette  and 
Johnson  counties,  and  flowing  e.  enters  Missouri 
r.,  5  or  6  miles  above  Booneville.  About  20  miles 
from  its  mouth  it  receives  Blackwater  r.  These 
rivers  are  navigable  for  keel-boats  a  considerable 
distance. 

La  Mine,  p-o.,  Cooper  co.,  Mo.,  60  w.  n.  w. 
Jefferson  city,  974  W.  The  t.  has  2  sch.  53 
scholars.    Pop.  988. 

Lamne's  Mills,  p-o.,  Boone  co.,  Mo.,  31  n.  by 
w.  Jefferson  city,  9 16  W. 

Lamoille,  r.,  Vt.,  one  of  the  4  largest  rivers  on 
the  w.  side  of  the  mountain,  rises  in  Greensboro', 
Orleans  co.,  and  pursuing  a  s.  w.  course  for  some 
distance,  turns  to  the  w.  n.  w.,  and  flows  into 
Lake  Champlain,  in  the  n.  part  of  Colchester.  It 
has  a  number  of  falls,  affording  extensive  water 
power. 

Lamoille,  county,  Vt.  Situated  toward  the 
N.  w.  part  of  the  state.  Organized  in  1836. 
Watered  by  Lamoille  river  and  its  branches, 
and  in  the  s.  part  by  Waterbury  r.,  a  branch  of 
Onion  r.  The  western  Green  mountain  range 
passes  through  the  co.,  and  Mansfield  mountain, 
its  highest  peak,  is  in  the  s.  part.  Most  of  the 
land  is  adapted  to  grazing,  but  some  parts  of  it, 
particularly  on  the  streams,  to  tillage.  Capital, 
Hydepark.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
16,555,  sheep  40,921,  swine  7,287;  wheat  21,070 
bushels  produced,  rye  1,604,  Ind.  corn  28,483, 
oats  70,727,  potatoes  472,563,  sugar  295,476 
pounds  ;  26  stores,  cap.  $81,600;  11  fulling  m.,  2 
woollen  fac,  9  tanneries,  12  grist  m.,  54  saw  m., 
1  oil  m.,  1  printing  office,  I  weekly  newspaper. 


LAN 


332 


LAN 


Cap.  in  manufac  $93,705.     1  acad.  100  students, 
105  soli.  3,216  scholars.     Pop.  10,475. 

La  Moink,  p-o..  McDonough  co.,  111.,  97  n.  w. 
Springfield,  873  W. 

Lampeter,  t.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.  Pecquea  cr. 
flows  on  its  s.  k.,  and  Conestoga  r.  on  its  n.  w. 
boundary.  Drained  by  Mill  creek,  a  branch  of 
Conestoga  r.  It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $22,400;  3 
commission  houses,  cap.  $4,000;  2  fulling  m., 
1  woollen  fac,  3  tanneries,  8  distilleries,  7  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $49,647.  13  sch.  669 
scholars.     Pop.  3,269. 

Lampeter.  Square,  p-v.,  Lampeter  t.,  Lan- 
caster co.,  Pa.,  43  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  117  W.  It 
contains  a  store  and  12  dwellings. 

Lamprey,  r.,  N.  H.,  flows  through  Great  bay 
into  the  Piscataqua  r. 

Lancaster,  county,  Pa.  Situated  toward  the 
s.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  928  sq.  miles. 
It  was  the  4th  co.  established  in  the  state,  and  is 
perhaps  the  richest.  Susquehanna  river  washes 
its  s.  w.  border  lor  more  than  40  miles.  Wa- 
tered by  Conestoga,  Pecquea,  Conewango,  and 
other  creeks,  which  flow  into  the  Susquehanna, 
and  afford  excellent  water  power.  Iron  ore 
and  sulphate  of  magnesia,  or  epsom  salts,  are 
found.  Capital,  Lancaster.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  61,164,  sheep  41,967,  swine  75,026; 
wheat  1,129,277  bushels  produced,  Indian  corn 
1,307,000,  buckwheat  12,073,  oats  1,376,673,  rye 
448,710,  potatoes,  228,860,  tobacco  48,860  pounds  ; 
66  stores,  cap.  $1,146,085  ;  2  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$207,000 ;  12  fulling  m.,  10  woollen  fac,  1  cotton 
lac.  2,000  sp.,  57  tanneries,  102  distilleries,  8  brew- 
eries, 8  potteries,  9  printing  offices,  9  weekly 
newspapers,  128  flouring  m.,  135  grist  m.,  106 
saw  m.,  2  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,213,484. 
4  acad.  218  students,  206  sch.  6,745  scholars. 
Pop.  84,203. 

Lancaster,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  161  square  miles. 
Chesapeake  bay  and  Potomac  r.  lie  on  its  E.  and 
jv.  E.  border.  Capital,  Heathville.  There  wrere  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  3,084,  sheep  2,099,  swine  7,594 ; 
wheat  25,750  bush,  produced,  oats  43,866,  potatoes 
7,172,  cotton  10,272  lbs.;  10  stores,  cap.  $30,500; 
1  tannery,  7  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$2,000.  7  sch.  140  scholars.  Pop.  whites  1,903, 
slaves  2,478,  free  col'd  247 ;  total,  4,628. 

Lancaster,  district,  S.  C.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  524  square  miles. 
Lynche's  cr.  runs  on  its  e.,  and  Catawba  r.  on  its 
w.  border,  by  branches  of  which  it  is  watered. 
Capital,  Lancaster.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  10,943,  sheep  6,165,  swine  15,915 ;  wheat 
23,910  bushels  produced,  Ind.  corn  308,832,  oats 
26,371,  potatoes  13,793,  cotton  2,647,676  pounds  ; 
18  stores,  cap.  $60,000 ;  2  flouring  m.,  9  grist  m., 
8  saw  m.,  10  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,970. 
1  acad.  6  students,  17  sch.  446  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  5,565,  slaves  4,235,  free  col'd  107 ;  total, 
9,907. 

Lancaster,  p-t.,  capital  of  Coos  co.,  N.  H.,  101 
N.  by  w.  Concord,  562  W.  Connecticut  r.  runs 
on  its  n.  w.  border.  Watered  by  Israel's  river 
and  its  branches,  which  afford  water  power. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  but  not  mountainous  ;  soil, 
fertile,  particularly  on  the  streams.  The  v.  is 
situated  on  Israel's  r.,  1  m.  from  its  entrance  into 
Connecticut  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a 
Congregational  church,  and  an  acad.  A  bridge 
here  crosses  the  r.,  and  another  bridge  crosses 
Connecticut  r.  to  Guildhall.  It  has  6  stores,  cap. 
$14,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  printing  of- 
fice, 1  weekly  newspaper,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,200.  1  acad.  120  students, 
11  sch.  400  scholars.    Pop.  1,316. 


Lancaster,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  36  w. 
by  n.  Boston,  416  W.  Situated  on  both  sides  of 
Nashua  r.,  along  which  is  a  fertile  alluvial  soil. 
The  village  is  situated  on  Nashua  r.,  where  its  2 
branches  meet,  and  contains  a  Unitarian  church 
an  academy,  a  bank,  and  about  75  dwellings. 
Incorporated  in  1653.  The  t.  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$13,000 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  cotton 
fac.  256  sp.,  1  tannery,  1  printing  office,  1  binde- 
ry, 4  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  .Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$17,830.  1  acad.  6  students,  12  sch.  525  scholars. 
Pop.  2,019. 

Lancaster,  p-t.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y.,  280  w.  Al- 
bany, 387  W.  The  surface  is  undulating  ;  soil, 
clay,  and  calcareous  loam.  Drained  by  Ellicott's, 
Cayuga,  and  Seneca  creeks.  The  v.  is  on  Cay- 
uga cr.,  and  contains  4  churches — 1  Presbyterian, 
1  Methodist,  1  Lutheran,  and  1  Roman  Catholic 
— 2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  clothier's 
works,  90  dwellings,  and  about  600  inhabitants. 
There  are  in  the  t.,  4  stores,  cap.  $5,700 ;  2  ful- 
ling m.,  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $11,500.  9  sch.  390  scholars.  Pop.  2,083. 

Lancaster,  city,  and  capital  of  Lancaster  co., 
Pa.,  and  formerly  capital  of  the  state,  is  situated 
li  w.  of  Conestoga  cr.,  which  falls  into  the  Sus- 
quehanna, 9  s.  s.  w.  of  the  city.  It  is  in  44°  2' 
36"  n.  lat.,  and  76°  20'  33"  w.  Ion. ;  37  E.  s.  E. 
Harrisburg,  62  w.  Philadelphia,  111  W.  Pop. 
1820,  6,663 ;  1830,  7,704 ;  1840,  8,417.  It  is 
regularly  laid  out  with  wide  streets,  crossing 
each  other  at  right  angles.  The  streets  are  well 
paved  and  kept  in  a  neat  condition.  Some  of  the 
buildings  are  low,  having  only  one  story,  built  by 
the  early  German  settlers,  but  the  houses  more 
recently  built  are  spacious  and  commodious,  and 
many  of  them  elegant.  Franklin  College  was 
established  here  in  1787,  chiefly  by  Germans,  and 
was  liberally  endowed,  but  it  has  declined  to  a 
mere  grammar  school.  The  Lancaster  County 
Academy  was  incorporated  in  1827,  and  received 
a  grant  of  $3,000.  There  are  in  the  city,  a  Lan- 
casterian  school,  2  public  libraries,  a  reading 
room,  and  several  other  institutions  of  a  literary 
character.  It  has  a  court  house  and  11  churches 
— 2  Lutheran,  1  German  Reformed,  1  Episcopal, 

1  Moravian,  1  Presbyterian,  1  Methodist,  1  Inde- 
pendent Methodist,  1  Roman  Catholic,  and  1  Af- 
rican. It  is  surrounded  by  a  very  fertile,  highly 
cultivated,  and  populous  country.  The  great 
western  turnpike  from  Philadelphia  to  Pittsburg, 
and  the  Philadelphia  and  Columbia  railroad,  pass 
through  the  city.  Its  commerce  and  manufac- 
tures are  considerable.      There  were  in   1840, 

2  commission  houses  engaged  in  foreign  trade, 
cap.  $38,000 ;  32  stores,  cap.  $212,750 ;  3  lum- 
ber yards,  cap.  $16,000;  3  furnaces;  machinery 
manufactured,  value  $12,500;  2  tanneries,  13 
distilleries,  4  breweries,  4  potteries,  2  ropewalks, 
5  printing  offices,  3  binderies,  6  weekly  news- 
papers. Capital  in  manufac.  $223,439.  2  acad. 
64  students,  12  sch.  1,715  scholars.  Pop.  8,417. 
In  addition,  in  the  t.,  are  1  cotton  fac.  2,000  sp., 
5  distilleries,  3  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  and  2  saw 
in.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $90,000.  3  sch.  120  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  809. 

Lancaster,  p-v.,  Hocking  t.,  capital  of  Fair- 
field co.,  O.,  30  s.  E.  Columbus,  375  W.  Situ- 
ated near  the  source  of  Hockhocking  r.  The 
streets  are  wide,  crossing  each  other  at  right  an- 
gles. It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a  bank, 
town  hall,  market,  7  churches,  16  stores,  2  flour- 
ing m.,  1  w^oollen  fac,  1  foundry,  2  breweries, 
numerous  mechanics,  2  printing  offices,  400 
dwellings,  many  of  them  elegant,  and  3,272  in- 
habitants. A  lateral  canal,  12  ms.  long,  connects 
this  place  with  the  Ohio  canal. 


LAN 


333 


LAP 


Lancaster,  p-v.,  capital  of  Garrard  co.,  Ky., 
57  s.  by  B.  Frankfort,  555  W.  Situated  a  few  ins. 
E.  of  Dick's  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
several  stores  and  480  inhabitants. 

Lancaster,  p-v.,  Smith  co.,  Term.,  61  s. 
k.  Nashville,  01 1  \V.  Situated  on  the  vv.  side  of 
the  ("any  fork  of  Cumberland  r. 

Lancaster,  p-l.,  Jefferson  co.,  la.,  71  s.  s.  e. 
Indianapolis,  574  W.    Top.  1,787. 

Lancaster,  p-v.,  Morgan  co.,  111.,  24  s.  w. 
Springfield,  804  VV. 

Lancaster,  p-v.,  capital  of  Grant  co.,  Wis. 
96  w.  s.  w.  Madison,  928  W.  It  has  a  court 
house  and  several  dwellings. 

Lancaster,  C.  II.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Lancaster 
co.,  Va.,  83  e.  by  n.  Richmond,  144  W.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  3  stores,  30  dwellings, 
and  about  100  inhabitants. 

Lancaster,  C.  II.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Lancaster 
co.,  S.  C,  72  n.  N.  E.  Columbia,  434  W.  Situ- 
ated on  a  small  branch  of  the  Catawba  r.,  and 
contains  a  court  house,  several  stores  and  dwell- 
ings. 

Landaff,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  84  n.  w. 
Concord,  532  VV.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil, 
fertile.  Chartered  in  1764.  Watered  by  Great 
Ammonoosuck  r.,  Wild  Ammonoosuck  r.,  and 
their  branches.  It  has  3  saw  m.  Capital  in 
manufac.  $1,400.  9  sch.  440  scholars.  Pop. 
957. 

Landgrove,  p-t.,  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  98  s.  by 
w.  Montpelicr,  442  W.  Chartered  in  1780.  Wa- 
tered by  branches  of  West  r.  The  surface  is 
elevated  and  rough.  A  stage  road  across  the 
Green  mountains,  from  Manchester  to  Chester, 
passes  through  the  place.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$2,000 ;  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $700.  3 
sch.  1 15  scholars.     Pop.  344. 

Landing  p-o.,  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  65  n.  Frankfort, 
530  W. 

Landisburg,  p-v.,  Perry  county,  Pa.,  29  w. 
Harrisburg,  117  W.  It  contains  1  Presbyterian 
church,  4  stores,  and  about  400  inhabitants. 

Landisville,  p-o.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  31  e. 
by  s.  Harrisburg,  117  W.  , 

Lanefield,  p-o.,  Haywood  co.,  Tenn..  160  w. 
s.  w.  Nashville,  843  W. 

Lanesborough,  p-t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  135 
w.  by  N.  Boston,  382  W.  It  is  situated  on  2 
gently  swelling  hills,  with  a  fertile  intervening 
valley.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to  graz- 
ing. Drained  by  head  branches  of  Hoosick  and 
Housatonic  rivers.  Incorporated  in  1765.  The 
v.  lies  principally  on  1  extended  street,  and  con- 
tains 3  churches — 1  Congregational,  1  Baptist, 
and  1  Episcopal.  There  are  in  the  t.,  2  stores, 
cap.  $4,(>00  .  i  grist  m.,  4  saw  m#  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $6,900.  2  acad.  45  students,  6  sch.  160  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,140. 

Lanesborough,  p-o.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa., 
190  n.  n.  E.  Harrisburg,  290  W. 

Lanesborough,  p-v.,  Anson  co.,  N.  C,  155  s. 
w.  Raleigh,  424  W. 

Lane's  Creek,  p-o.,  Anson  co.,  N.  C,  158  s. 
w.  Raleigh,  427  W. 

Lanesville,  p-v.,  Harrison  co.,  la.,  135  s. 
Indianapolis,  614  W.  It  contains  a  Methodist 
church,  2  stores,  and  about  75  inhabitants. 

Lanesville,  p-v.,  Randolph  co.,  N.  C,  60  w. 
Raleigh,  341  W. 

Langdon,  p-t.,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  H.,  59  w.  by  s. 
Concord,  456  W.  Watered  through  the  centre 
by  a  branch  of  Cold  r.,  which  runs  on  its  s. 
border.  Incorporated  in  1787.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $3,000;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,298.  12  sch.  215  scholars 
Pop.  615. 


LANG&oRirB'fl  Tavbrn,  p-o.,  Cumberland  co.. 

Va.,  57  w.  Richmond,  147  W. 

Langshkuy,  p-o.,  Shiawasseo  co.,  Mich.,  93  \. 
w.  Detroit,  596  W. 

Langsbury,  p-o.,  Camden  CO,,  Ga.,  257  s.  f.. 
by  a.  Milledgeville,  76(5  VV. 

Langston,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  165  n.  e.  by 
N.  Tuscaloosa,  683  W. 

Languii.lk,  p-t.,  St,  Francis  co.,  Ark.,  198  k. 
by  n.  Little  Rock,  977  W.  Situated  on  the  e. 
side  of  Languille  r.    Pop.  195. 

Lanikr,  p-v.,  capital  of  Mneon  co..  Ge-  76  s. 
w.  Milledgeville,  732  W.    Situated  on  the  u 
side  of  Flint  r.    It  contains  a  court  house  and 
several  dwellings. 

Lannahassie,  p-o.,  Stewart  co.,  Ga.,  118  s.  w. 
Milledgeville,  774  W. 

Lansford,  p-v.,  Chester  dist.,  S.  C,  61  N 
Columbia,  443  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Catawba  r. 

Lansing,  t.,  Tompkins  co.,  N.  Y.,  175  w.  Al- 
bany, 300  W.  The  surface  is  hilly :  soil,  a  fer- 
tile gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  Salmon  cr.  and 
its  tributaries.  It  has  8  stores,  cap.  $  18,750 ;  1 
furnace,  3  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  3 
flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $51,300.  24  sch.  1,307  scholars.  Pop. 
3,672. 

Lansingburg,  p-t.,  Rensselaer  co.,  N.  Y.,  10 
N.  E.  Albany,  380  W.  The  surface  is  level  on 
Hudson  r.,  which  bounds  it  on  the  w.,  and  hilly 
on  the  e.  ;  soil,  gravelly  and  clay  loam.  The  v. 
is  situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Hudson  r.,  at  the  head 
of  sloop  navigation,  and  is  regularly  laid  out  on 
a  plain,  2  miles  long  and  half  a  mile  wide.  In- 
corporated in  1787.  It  contains  7  churches — 2 
Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  2  Methodist, 
and  1  Universalist — 9  drygoods,  8  produce,  and 
20  grocery  stores,  1  copper  and  iron  foundry,  2 
oil  floor-cloth  fac,  3  brush  fee,  1  plaster  m.,  1 
flouring  m.,  2  gun  and  rifle  fac,  6  malt  houses,  2 
printing  offices,  an  academy,  450  dwellings,  and 
3,000  inhabitants.  Several  sloops  and  towboats 
are  employed  in  the  river  trade.  The  state  dam, 
1,100  feet  long  and  9  feet  high,  with  a  lock  be- 
tween this  and  Troy,  enables  sloops  to  come  to 
this  place,  and  forms  a  spacious  basin.  A  bridge 
across  the  Hudson  connects  it  with  Watertbrd. 
There  are  in  the  t.  47  stores,  cap.  $240,100 ;  1  tan- 
nery, 1  brewery,  2  printing  offices,  1  weekly  news- 
paper, 1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manulac.  $204,700 ;  1 
acad.  100  students,  9  sch.  547  scholars.  Pop.  3,330. 

Lansing ville,  p-v.,  Lansing  t.,  Tompkins  co., 
N.  Y.,  175  w.  Albany,  308  W.  It  contains  1 
Presbyterian  church,  1  store,  25  dwellings,  and 
about  150  inhabitants. 

Lapeer,  county,  Mich.  Situated  toward  the 
n.  e.  part  of  the  settled  portion  of  the  state,  and 
contains  828  sq.  ms.  Drained  by  Flint  r.  and 
branches,  Belle  r.,  and  Mill  cr.  The  surface  is 
undulating ;  soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Lapeer.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,813,  sheep  1,197,  swine 
6,207;  wheat  35,472  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
19,801,  buckwheat  2,065,  barley  3,922,  oats  26,009, 
potatoes  36,351,  sugar  66,535  pounds;  6  stores, 
cap.  $10,300;  4  tanneries,  2  printing  offices,  2 
weekly  newspapers,  4  grist  m.,  14  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $45,800.  1  acad.  20  students,  23 
sch.  570  scholars.    Pop.  4,265. 

Lapeer,  p-t.,  capital  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  61 
N.  Detroit,  584  W.  Situated  at  the  confluence  of 
Flint  r.  and  Farmer's  cr.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  6  stores,  2  flouring  m.,  and  1  saw  m. 
It  has  good  water  power  in  the  vicinity.  There 
are  in  the  t.  2  tanneries,  2  printing  offices,  2  week- 
ly newspapers,  3  sawm.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,600. 
5  sch.  108  scholars.    Pop.  746. 


LAU 


334 


LAU 


Buncombe  co.,  N.  C,  275  w. 


Lapland,  p-v 
Raleigh,  478  W. 

La  Porte,  county,  la.  Situated  toward  the 
N.  W.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  460  sq.  ms. 
Lake  Michigan  lies  on  its  N.  w.  border,  on  which 
is  situated  Michigan  city.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, abounding  with  prairies,  interspersed  with 
groves  of  timber,  and  the  soil  productive.  Drain- 
ed by  Kankakee,  Little  Kankakee,  and  Gallicn 
rivers,  and  Trail  cr.  Capital,  La  Porte.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,065,  sheep  4,849,  swine 
19,104;  wheat  221,461  bush,  produced,  Indian 
corn  270,742,  buckwheat  6,439,  barley  7,545,  oats 
166,994,  potatoes  77,594,  sugar  56,964  pounds ;  6 
commission  houses,  cap.  $180,000 ;  34  stores,  cap. 
$115,700;  2  tanneries,  4  distilleries,  1  pottery,  2 
flouring  m.,  11  grist  m.,  25  saw  m.,  3  printing  of- 
fices, 3  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$133,763.  2  acad.  195  students,  26  sch  642  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  8,184. 

La  Porte,  p-o.,  Lorain  co.,  O.,  119  n.  n.  e. 
Columbus,  371  W. 

La  Porte,  p-v.,  capital  of  La  Porte  co.,  la., 
145  n.  by  w.  Indianapolis,  660  W.  Situated  in 
the  vicinity  of  several  beautiful  lakes.  It  con- 
tains the  court  house  and  several  dwellings. 

Laputa,  p-v.,  Shelby  co.,  Ky,,  10  w.  Frank- 
fort, 552  W.  Situated  on  a  small  branch  of  Ken- 
tucky r. 

Larkin's  Fork,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  187  n 
E.  by  n.  Tuscaloosa,  688  W. 

Larkinsville,  p-v.,  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  175  n. 
e  .  by  n.  Tuscaloosa,  700  W.  Situated  at  the  Blue 
Springs,  near  the  sources  of  the  Santa  cr. 

Larned's  Corners,  p-o.,  Hopewell  t.,  Ontario 
co.,  N.  Y.,  200  w.  Albany,  346  W. 

La  Salle,  county,  HI.  Situated  toward  the 
N.  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,864  sq.  ms. 
Watered  by  Illinois,  Fox,  and  Vermilion  rivers 
and  their  branches,  which  afford  good  water  pow- 
er. Organized  in  1831.  The  surface  is  exten- 
sively an  undulating  dry  prairie,  and  the  soil  is 
fertile.  The  Illinois  and  Michigan  canal  passes 
through  the  co,  Capital,  Ottawa.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,506,  sheep  2,316,  swine 
11,950;  wheat  112,843  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
151,165,  oats  141,595,  potatoes  49,284;  43  stores, 
"cap.  $103,550;  1  tannery,  1  pottery,  6  grist  m., 
24  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspa- 
pers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $67,125.  27  sch.  118 
scholars.    Pop.  9,348. 

La  Salle,  p-t.,  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  42  s.  s.  w. 
Detroit,  481  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  well 
adapted  to  grain.  It  has  3  sch.  107  scholars.  Pop. 
905. 

La  Salle,  p-v.,  La  Salle  co.,  111.,  133  n.  n.  e. 
Springfield,  788  W.    Situated  in  a  prairie  adjoin- 
ing Peoria  lake,  and  contains  over  100  dwellings. 
Las  Casas,  p-o.,  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn.,  43  s.  e. 
Nashville,  662  W. 

Lassellville,  p-o.,  Euphrata  t.,  Fulton  co., 
N.  Y.,  58  n.  w.  Albany,  408  W. 

Latimer's  Store,  p-o.,  De  Kalb  co.,  Ga.,  80 
N.  w.  by  w.  Milledgeville,  667  W. 

Latimore,  t.,  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  15  N.  E.  Gettys- 
burg. The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  red  shale. 
Watered  by  Bermudian  cr.  and  its  tributaries. 
York  Sulphur  Springs  lie  2  ms.  s.  of  the  v.  It 
has  1  store,  cap.  $1,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  woollen 
fee,  1  distillery,  1  pottery,  4  grist  m.,  6  saw  m., 
2  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,750.  6  sch.  2C 
scholars.    Pop.  1,013. 

Latta's,  p-o.,  Ross  co.,  O.,  63  s.  Columbia, 
418  W.  V  ..  ■ 

Lauderdale,  county,  Ala.  Situated  in  the 
N.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  672  sq.  ms 
Tennessee  r.  runs  on  its  s.  border,  and  receives 


Blackwater,  Shoal,  Cypress,  Second,  and  other 
creeks.  The  surface  is  broken ;  soil,  very  fer- 
tile. A  canal  extends  around  the  Muscle  Shoals, 
in  Tennessee  r.,  in  this  co.  Capital,  Florence. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  13,515,  sheep 
10,486,  swine  44,281;  wheat  46,303  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  2,613,  Ind.  corn  741,073,  oats  107,345, 
potatoes  18,524,  tobacco  16,467  pounds,  cotton 
3,051,192,  sugar  1,367 ;  35  stores,  cap.  $232,700 ; 
1  commercial  and  2  com.  houses,  cap.  $28,000 ; 
1  cotton  fee.  288  sp.,  6  tanneries,  15  distilleries, 
5  flouring  m.,  43  grist  m.,  21  saw  m.,  2  printing 
offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$99,295.  2  acad.  85  students,  17  sch.  456  schol- 
ars. Pop.  wliites  9,447,  slaves  4,969,  free  col'd 
69 ;  total,  14,485. 

Lauderdale,  county,  Miss.    Situated  in  the 
v..  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  700  sq.  ms. 


Drained  by  Oktibbeha  r.  and  its  branches.  Cap- 
ital, Marion.  There  were  in  1840,  cotton  20,000 
pounds  produced ;  1  tannery,  10  grist  m.,  12  saw 
m.  Pop.  whites  3,992,  slaves  1,353,  free  col'd 
13 ;  total,  5,358. 

Lauderdale,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  375  sq.  ms. 
Mississippi  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border.  Watered 
by  Forked  Deer  r.  in  the  N.  part,  and  Big  Hatchee 
r.  on  the  s.  and  Coal  cr.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Capital,  Ripley.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 4,687,  sheep  802,  swine  13,670 ;  wheat  5,756 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  com  170,985,  oats  8,779,  po- 
tatoes 15,545,  rice  2,127  pounds,  tobacco  45,353, 
cotton  253,595  ;  3  stores,  cap.  $9,000 ;  1  tannery, 
3  distilleries,  14  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $6,832.  7  sch.  124  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
2,423,  slaves  1,010,  free  col'd  2 ;  total,  3,435. 

Laughery,  t.,  Dearborn  co.,  la.  It  has  9 
stores,  cap.  $14,820;  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  in. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,495.  1  acad.  30  students,  4 
sch.  125  scholars.    Pop.  1,501. 

Laughery,  p-v.,  Ripley  co.,  la.,  69  s.  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 532  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  w.  side 
of  a  creek  of  the  same  name. 

Laughlintown,  p-v.,  Ligonier  t.,  Westmore- 
land co.,  Pa.,  140  w.  Harrisburg,  172  W.  It 
contains  3  stores  and  about  50  dwellings. 

Laurel,  county,  Ky.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  400  sq.  ms. 
Rockcastle  cr.,  a  branch  of  Cumberland  r.,  runs 
on  its  w.  border.  Watered  by  South  Fork,  Lit- 
tle Rockcastle,  and  Laurel  creeks.  Capital, 
London.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,061, 
sheep  3,623,  swine  11,174;  wheat  1,084  bush, 
produced,  Ind.  corn  90,900,  oats  28,335,  potatoes 
5,600,  tobacco  4,106  pounds ;  7  stores,  cap.  $7,200 ; 
2  tanneries,  13  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $1,600.  7  sch.  188  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
2,694,  slaves  109,  free  col'd  6 ;  total,  3,079. 

Laurel,  p-v.,  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  52  s.  Dover, 
129  W. 

Laurel,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Va.,  296  w.  by 
s.  Richmond. 

Laurel,  p-v.,  Franklin  co.,  la.,  57  e.  s.  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 531  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
the  w.  branch  of  Whitewater  r.  The  Whitewa- 
ter canal  passes  through  it. 

Laurel  Creek,  p-o.,  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  190 
w.  s.  w.  Nashville,  879  W. 

Laurel  Factory,  p-o.,  Prince  George's  co., 
Md. 

Laurel  Gap,  d-o.,  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  255  e. 
Nashville,  431  W; 

Laurel  Grove,  p-o.,  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  149 
w.  s.  w.  Richmond,  236  W. 

Laurel  Mountains,  w.  of  the  main  Allegha- 
ny range,  extend  from  Pa.  across  Va.  to  Ky.,  and 
then,  under  the  name  of  Cumberland  mountains, 


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divide  Va.  and  Ky.,  and  cross  Tenn.,  terminating 
near  its  s.  border. 

Laurel  Hill,  p-o.,  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  139  w. 
by  s.  Harrisburg,  165  W. 

Laurel  Hill,  p*o.,  Lunenburg  co.,  Va.,  80  s. 
w.  Richmond,  199  W. 

Laurel  Hill,  p-o.,  Richmond  co.,  N.  C,  99  s. 
w.  Richmond,  387  W. 

Laurel  Hill,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  Ga.,  133  w.  n. 
w.  Milledgeville,  729  W. 

Laurel  Hill,  p-o.,  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  92  s. 
by  w.  Tuscaloosa,  904  W. 

Laurel  Hill,  p-o.,  West  Feliciana  par.,  La., 
151  N.  w.  New  Orleans,  1,155  W. 

Laurel  Spring,  p-o.,  Ashe  co.,  N.  C,  202  w. 
by  N.  Raleigh,  374  W 

Laurens  District,  S.  C.  Situated  toward 
the  N.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  920  sq. 
ms.  Ennoree  river  runs  on  its  n.  e.  border,  and 
Saluda  river  on  its  s.  w.  border,  by  which,  and 
their  branches,  it  is  drained.  Capital,  Laurens- 
ville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  20,475, 
sheep  13,289,  swine  47,222;  wheat  186,296  bush, 
produced,  Ind.  corn  829,473,  oats  175,436,  potatoes 
30,676,  tobacco  19,825  pounds,  cotton  5,910,368 ; 
28  stores,  cap.  $116,209;  2  woollen  fac,  10  tan- 
neries, 64  distilleries,  20  flouring  m.,  41  grist  m., 
34  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $158,256.  6  acad. 
206  students,  44  sch.  905  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
12,572,  slaves  8,911,  free  col'd  101 ;  total,  21,584. 

Laurens,  county,  Ga.  Situated  a  little  s.  e. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  780  sq. 
ms.  Watered  by  Oconee  r.  and  its  branches. 
Capital,  Dublin.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
16,046,  sheep  3,247,  swine  17,355 ;  wheat  9,048 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  146,849,  oats  4,068,  po- 
tatoes 10,745,  cotton  915,892  pounds ;  1 1  stores, 
cap.  $59,009 ;  2  distilleries,  16  grist  m.,  6  saw  m. 
3  acad.  80  students,  2  sch.  38  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  3,078,  slaves  2,502,  free  colored  5 ;  total, 
5,585. 

Laurens,  p-t.,  Otsego  co.,  N.  Y. ,15  s.  w.  Coop- 
erstown,  83  w.  Albany,  358  W.  The  surface  is 
elevated  and  hilly;  soil,  a  fertile  sandy  loam, 
well  cultivated.  Drained  by  Otego  cr.  The  v., 
called  Laurensville,  is  situated  on  Otego  cr.,  and 
contains  2  churches,  7  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw 
m.,  1  leather  fac,  1  clothier's  wrorks,  1  iron  foun- 
dry, 70  dwellings,  and  about  400  inhabitants. 
The  t.  has  6  stores,  cap.  $16,500 ;  1  furnace,  3 
fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  3  grist  m.,  9 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $29,725.  lb  sch.  540 
scholars.    Pop.  2,173. 

Laurens,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Laurens  dist, 
S.  C,  70  n.  w.  by  w.  Columbia,  496  W.  Situ- 
ated on  the  dividing  ridge  of  Ennoree  and  Saluda 
rivers,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  3  church- 
es, 2  acad.  9  stores,  and  563  inhabitants. 

Laurens  Hill,  p-o.,  Laurens  co.,  Ga.,  63  s.  e. 
Milledgeville,  706  W. 

Lausanne,  p-t.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  100  e. 
n.  E.  Harrisburg,  208  W.  The  surface  is  very 
mountainous ;  soil,  gravelly,  and  barren.  Wa- 
tered by  Lehigh  r.  and  Laurel  run.  The  moun- 
tains contain  coal,  and  the  Beaver  Meadow  mine 
is  in  Spring  mountain,  in  this  t.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $18,000;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $6,000 ;  5  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,000.  5  sch.  159  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,590. 

Lavinsville,  p-o.,  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  144  w. 
by  s.  Harrisburg,  170  W. 

Lawrence,  county,  Ala.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  725  sq.  ms.  Ten- 
nessee r.  runs  on  its  n.  border.  Watered  by  Big 
Nance  and  Town  creeks  and  their  branches,  and 
on  the  s.  by  the  head  waters  of  Black  Warrior  r. 
Capital,  Moulton.    There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 


tle 14,895,  sheep  7,674,  swine  49,781  ;  wheat 
30,978  bush,  produced,  Indian  corn  1,3 19,800,  oats 
38,414,  potatoes  16,913,  tobacco  8,758  pound*, 
cotton  6,187,960;  7  stores,  eap.  $72,100  ;  17  tan- 
neries, 6  distilleries,  4  flouring  m.,  14  grist  m.,  9 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $25,890.  1  acad.  25 
students,  20  sch.  600  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
7,143,  slaves  6,145,  free  col'd  25 ;  total,  13,313. 

Lawrence,  county,  Miss.  Situated  toward 
the  s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  790  sq.  ma. 
Drained  by  Pearl  r.  and  its  branches,  and  the 
head  waters  of  Homochitto  r.  The  soil  is  various, 
and  has  a  growth  of  pine.  Capital,  MonticHlo. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  11,3-17,  sheep 
3,046,  swine  22,396 ;  wheat  3,329  bush,  produced, 
Ind.  corn  216,554,  oats  6,736,  potatoes  35,657,  rice 
50,384  pounds,  cotton  1,658,529;  7  stores,  cap. 
$33,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  10  grist  m.,  12 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $33,970.  1  acad.  30 
students,  5  sch.  118  scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,618, 
slaves  2,272 ;  total,  5,920. 

Lawrence,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  s. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  780  square  miles. 
Drained  by  Shoal  cr.  and  its  branches,  and  tho 
branches  of  Sugar  cr.  and  Buffalo  r.  Capital, 
Lawrenceboro'.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 7,344,  sheep  6,103,  swine  28,025 ;  wheat  25,976 
bush,  produced,  Indian  corn  316,305,  oats  37,225, 
potatoes  8,210,  tobacco  9,447  pounds,  cotton 
12,443 ;  9  stores,  cap.  $35,900 ;  7  furnaces,  4  cot- 
ton fac.  1,180  sp.,  4  tanneries,  17  distilleries,  4 
flouring  m.,  16  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  10  sch.  312 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,370,  slaves  735,  free 
col'd  16;  total,  7,121. 

Lawrence,  county,  Ky.    Situated  in  the  E, 

girt  of  the  state,  and  contains  650  sq.  ms.  Big 
andy  r.  runs  on  its  e.  border,  and  Licking  r.  on 
its  s.  w.  border.  Drained  by  Little  Sandy  r.  and 
its  branches,  and  by  Blanes  cr.,  which  afford  ex- 
tensive water  power.  Soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Lou- 
isa. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  13,836, 
sheep  6,821,  swine  15,851 ;  wheat  5,496  bushels 
produced,  rye  2,092,  Indian  corn  141,896,  oats 
39,458,  potatoes  6,006  ;  6  stores,  cap.  $24,800  ;  1 
tannery,  2  distilleries,  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  2 
sawm.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,750.  8  sch.  176 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,652,  slaves  77,  free  col'd 
1 ;  total,  4,730. 

Lawrence,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  ex- 
treme s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  430  square 
ms.  The  Ohio  r.  runs  on  its  s.  border,  42  miles. 
Drained  by  Indian,  Guyandot,  and  Symme's  crs. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  and  the  soil  various.  Iron 
ore  and  stone  coal  are  abundant,  and  an  excel- 
lent clay  for  stone  ware  is  found.  The  manufac- 
ture of  iron,  particularly  iron  castings,  is  exten- 
sive. Capital,  Burlington.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  13,456,  sheep  18,367,  swine  12,852 ; 
wheat  31,958  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  263,300, 
oats  74,404,  potatoes  5,334,  sugar  5,385  pounds  ; 
24  stores,  cap.  $48,550 ;  10  furnaces,  1  forge,  6 
tanneries,  2  potteries,  1  flouring  m.,  12  grist  m., 
14  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $52,710.  56  sch. 
1,610  scholars.    Pop.  9,738. 

Lawrence,  county,  la.  Centrally  situated 
toward  the  s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  438 
sq.  ms.  Watered  by  White  r.,  Salt,  Guthrie's, 
Beaver,  and  Leatherwood  creeks,  which  afford 
good  water  power.  The  surface  is  generally 
hilly.  Capital,  Bedford.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  12,643,  sheep  16,991,  swine  31,800 ; 
wheat  75.610  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  551,705, 
oats  196,453,  potatoes  12,500,  tobacco  11,523 
pounds,  sugar  43,937;  27  stores,  cap.  $136,300; 
1  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  140  sp., 
8  tanneries,  11  distilleries,  1  pottery,  6  flouring 
m.,  22  grist  m.,  14  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac 


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$111,228.  3  acad.  51  students,  32  schools  1,232 
scholars.     Pop.  11,782. 

Lawrence,  county,  111.  Situated  toward  the 
s.  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  560  sq.  miles. 
Organized  in  1821.  Wabash  r.  runs  on  its  E. 
border,  and  Fox  r.  on  its  w.  border.  Watered  by 
Embarrass  r.  and  Racoon  cr.  The  banks  of  the 
streams  are  subject  to  inundation.  The  land  is 
equally  divided  into  timber  and  prairie ;  some 
of  it  is  indifferent,  and  some  of  it  excellent.  Cap- 
ital, Lawrenceville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  11,691,  sheep  5,794,  swine  18,180;  wheat 
32,837  bush,  produced,  Indian  corn  422,747,  oats 
73,948,  potatoes  10,177  ;  16  stores,  cap.  $ 72,900  j 

1  pottery,  1  flouring  m.,  7  grist  m.,  6  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $34,765.  16  sch.  533  scholars. 
Pop.  7,092. 

Lawrence,  county,  Ark.  Situated  toward 
the  N.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,300  sq. 
ms.  Watered  by  Big  Black,  Current,  and  Straw- 
berry rs.  The  surface  is  various — level  to  the 
e.,  and  in  other  parts  moderately  uneven.  Cap- 
ital, Jackson.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
6,793,  sheep  2,373,  swine  17,203;  wheat  11,836 
bush,  produced,  Indian  corn  161,355,  oats  9,248, 
potatoes  7,058,  tobacco  9,100  pounds,  cotton 
13,974;  6  stores,  cap.  $22,300;  2  tanneries,  8 
distilleries,  8  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $2,100.  5  sch.  115  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
2,562,  slaves  267,  free  col'd  6 ;  total,  2,835. 

Lawrence,  t,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.  Y.,  25  n.  e. 
Canton,  230  n.  n.  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  un- 
even ;  soil,  a  fertile  clay  loam.  Drained  by  St. 
Regis  and  Deer  rivers.  It  has  7  stores,  cap. 
$14,800  ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery, 

2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,900. 
13  sch.  564  scholars.    Pop.  1,845. 

Lawrence,  t.,  Mercer  co.,  N.  J.,  6  n.  e.  Tren- 
ton. The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  loam  and  clay, 
well  cultivated.  Drained  by  Assunpink  cr.  and 
Stony  brook.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $10,000;  2 
tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$14,600.  1  acad.  49  students.  2  sch.  92  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,556. 

Lawrence,  t.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  20  n.  e.  Wells- 
borough.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  broken ;  soil, 
gravel  and  clay.  Watered  by  Tioga  r.  It  con- 
tains Lawrenceville  v.,  which  was  incorporated 
in  1831.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $16,600 ;  1  tannery, 
1  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Capital  in 
manufac.  $7,050.  5  sch.  209  scholars.  Pop.  888. 
Lawrence,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  O.,  9  n.  e. 
Marietta,  114  e.  s.  e.  Columbus,  305  W.  Situ- 
ated on  Little  Muskingum  r.,  which  affords  water 
power.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  broken.  Iron 
ore,  stone  coal,  salt  springs,  and  Seneca  oil,  are 
found.    Pop.  571. 

Lawrence,  t.,  Lawrence  co.,  O.,  9  n.  Burling- 
ton.   It  has  3  sch.  50  scholars.     Pop.  425. 

Lawrence,  t.,  Stark  co.,  O.  Situated  on 
both  sides  of  the  Ohio  canal.  It  has  6  sch.  150 
scholars.    Pop.  2,043. 

Lawrence,  t.,  Tuscarawas  co.,  O.,  contains 
the  villages  of  Lawrenceville,  Zoar,  and  Bolivar. 
It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $12,600 ;  6  com.  houses,  cap. 
$17,500;  2  furnaces,  3  tanneries,  1  brewery,  1 
pottery,  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  oil 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $36,200.  7  sch.  539  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,523. 

Lawrence,  t.,  Marion  co.,  la.  It  has  9  stores, 
cap.  $14,800 ;  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $22,050.  2  sch.  36  scholars. 
Pop.  1,437. 

Lawrence,  t.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.    It  has 
1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,000. 
3  sch.  55  scholars.     Pop.  243. 
Lawrenceburg,  p-v.,  Perry  t.,  Armstrong  co., 


Pa.,  200  w.  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  266  W.  Situated 
on  the  w.  bank  of  Alleghany  r.  It  contains  1 
church,  3  stores,  and  25  or  30  dwellings. 

Lawrenceburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Lawrence  co., 
Tenn.,  75  s.  s.  w.  Nashville,  752  W.  Situated 
on  the  E.  side  of  Shoal  cr.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  a  Methodist  church,  2  academies,  and  350 
inhabitants. 

Lawrenceburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Anderson  co., 
Ky.,  12  s.  Frankfort,  554  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Kentucky  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Lawrenceburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Dearborn  co., 
la.,  86  s.  E.  Indianapolis,  514  W.  Situated  on 
the  n.  bank  of  the  Ohio  r.,  1  mile  below  the  en- 
trance of  the  Great  Miami  r.,  and  at  the  entramc 
of  the  Whitewater  canal  into  the  Ohio  r. 

Lawrenceville,  p-v.,  Lawrence  t.,  St.  Law- 
rence co.,  N.  Y.,  231  n.  N.  w.  Albany,  513  W. 

Lawrenceville,  p-v.,  Lawrence  t.,  Mercer 
co.,  N.  J.,  6  n.  by  e.  Trenton,  172  W.   Situated  on 
fertile   plain,  and   contains    1  Presbyterian 
church,  1  store,  and  a  flourishing  academy. 

Lawrenceville,  p-v.,  Lawrence  t.,  Tioga 
co.,  Pa.,  158  N.  by  w.  Harrisburg,  268  W.  The 
surface  of  the  t.  is  hilly  and  broken  ;  soil,  gravel 
and  clay.  Drained  by  Tioga  r.  and  its  branches. 
The  borough  was  incorporated  in  1831. 

Lawrenceville,  borough,  Pitt  t.,  Alleghany 
co.,  Pa.  Situated  on  Alleghany  r.,  24  ms.  above 
Pittsburg.  Opposite  to  it  is  Wainwright's  island, 
on  which  Washington  was  cast  away  on  lus  first 
visit  to  the  site  of  Pittsburg.  It  contains  many 
elegant  villas.  It  has  3  churches — 1  Presbyteri- 
an, 1  Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist — an  academy, 
and  867  inhabitants.  The  Alleghany  U.  S. 
Arsenal  is  located  here,  where  arms  and  military 
equipments  are  manufactured  and  stored,  to  be 
sent  to  the  southern  and  western  military  posts. 
It  is  an  extensive  and  important  establishment. 

Lawrenceville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Brunswick 
co.,  Va.,  73  s.  s.  w.  Richmond,  189  W.  Situated 
on  a  branch  of  Meherrin  r.,  and  contains  a  hand- 
some court  house,  jail,  clerk's  office,  an  elegant 
Masonic  hall,  1  Episcopal  church,  4  stores,  2  tan- 
neries, 30  dwellings,  and  about  350  inhabitants. 
Lawrenceville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Montgomery 
co.,  N.  C,  115  w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  339  W.  Situa- 
ted on  the  e.  side  of  Yadkin  r. 

Lawrenceville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Gwinnett  co., 
Ga.,  84  n.  w.  Milledgeville,  655  W.  Situated  8 
ms.  s.  E.  of  Chattahoochee  r.,  near  the  head 
branches  of  Yellow  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  1  Methodist  church,  with  1  Presbyterian  and 
1  Baptist  in  the  vicinity,  an  academy,  with  a 
neat  edifice,  10  stores,  and  about  50  dwellings. 

Lawrenceville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Lawrence 
co.,  111.,  159  s.  e.  by  e.  Springfield,  697  W.  Situ- 
ated on  the  w.  bank  of  Embarrass  r.,  and  contains 
a  brick  court  house,  5  stores,  1  grist  m.,  and 
about  70  dwellings. 

Lawrenceville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Monroe  co., 
Ark.,  75  e.  Little  Rock,  1,015  W.  Situated  on 
a  small  stream,  5  ms.  e.  of  White  r.  It  contains 
a  court  house  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Lawson's  Store,  p-o.,  Rockingham  co.,  N. 
C,  102  n.  w.  Raleigh,  273  W. 

Lawsonville,  p-o.,  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  97  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  639  W. 

Lawsville  Centre,  p-o.,  Lawsville  t.,  Sus- 
quehanna co.,  Pa.,  187  N.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  297 
W.  The  t.  is  watered  by  Snake  cr.,  on  a  branch 
of  which  is  a  salt  spring.  The  surface  is  hilly; 
soil,  clay  and  gravel. 

Lawtonville,  p-v.,  Beaufort  dist.,  S.  C,  121 
s.  Columbus,  627  W. 
Lawyersville,  p-v.,  Cobleskill  t.,  Schoharie 


LEB 


337 


LKH 


co.,  N.  Y.,  44  w.  Albany,  338  W.  It  contains  1 
Dutch  Reformed  and  1  Universalist  church,  4 
stores,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  and  1  carding  and 
cloth  dressing  works. 

Laynesville,  p-o.,  Floyd  co.,  Ky.,  162 e.  s.  e. 
Frankfort,  449  W. 

Le.vcock,  p-t.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  44  e.  s.  e. 
Harrisburg,  1  IS  W.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil, 
calcareous  loam  and  clay.  Pecquea  cr.  runs  on 
its  s.  e.  border,  and  Conestoga  r.  on  its  w.  Wa- 
tered by  Mill  or.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $37,000  ; 
1  woollen  fac,  3  distilleries,  2  potteries,  3  flour- 
ing m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,540.  'J 
sch.  257  scholars.     Pop.  3,537. 

Leading  Creek,  p-o.,  Lewis  co.,  Va.,  301  w. 
n.  w.  Richmond,  269  W.  The  cr.  is  a  small  tri- 
butary of  Little  Kanawha  r.,  and  on  its  waters 
and  tributaries  are  1  Methodist,  and  1  Baptist 
church,  40  dwellings,  and  240  inhabitants. 

Leaf  River,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Miss.  Situated 
on  the  n.  e.  side  of  Leaf  r.,  a  w.  branch  of  Pas- 
cagoula  r. 

Leake,  county,  Miss.  Situated  near  the  centre 
of  the  state,  and  contains  576  sq.  ms.  Watered 
by  Pearl  r.  and  its  branches.  Capital,  Carthage. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,570,  sheep  261, 
swine  10,251  ;  wheat  1,077  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  67,670,  oats  2,163,  potatoes  21,573,  tobacco 
2,059  pounds,  cotton  575,037;  6  stores,  cap. 
$8,100  ;  5  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  4  sch.  69  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  1,614,  slaves  542,  free  col'd  6  ;  total, 
2,162. 

Leakesville,  p-v.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  C, 
124  x.  w.  Raleigh,  2i3  W.  Situated  on  the  tt. 
side  of  Dan  r. 

Leakesville,  p-v.,  Newton  co.,  Ga.,  49  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  656  W. 

Leakesville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Greene  co., 
Miss.,  190  s.  e.  Jackson,  1,022  W.  Situated  on 
the  w.  side  of  Chickasawha  r.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  and  several  dwellings. 

Leamansville,  p-o.,  Seneca  co.,  O.,  97  n.  Co- 
lumbus, 415  W. 

Leasburg,  p-v.,  Caswell  co.,  N.  C,  64  n.  w. 
Raleigh,  260  W. 

Leatherwood,  p-o.,  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  195  w. 
N.  w.  Harrisburg,  25S  W. 

Leatherwood,  p-o.,  Guernsey  co.,  O.,  109  E. 
Columbus,  312  W. 

Leatherwood,  p-o.,  Lawrence  co.,  la.,  70  w. 
s.  w.  Indianapolis,  617  W. 

Leatherwood's  Store,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,  Va., 
192  w.  s.  w.  Richmond,  275  W. 

Leavitt,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  O.,  139  e.  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 304  W. 

Leavenworth,  p-v.,  Crawford  co.,  la.,  124  s. 
by  w.  Indianapolis,  637  W.  Situated  on  N.  side 
of  the  Ohio  r.,  2  ms.  below  the  entrance  of 
Great  Blue  r.  It  contains  7  stores,  a  Methodist 
church,  an  academy,  and  150  inhabitants. 

Lebanon,  county,  Pa.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  348  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Swatara  cr.  and  its  branches.  The 
surface  is  gently  uneven  ;  soil,  very  fertile.  Ifhe 
Union  canal  passes  through  it.  Large  quanti- 
ties of  cast  and  wrought  iron  are  produced. 
Capital,  Lebanon.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  14,781,  sheep  10,977,  swine  13,780;  wheat 
215,423  bush,  produced,  rye  147,254,  Ind.  corn 
239,031,  oats  232,601,  potatoes  101,632  ;  58  stores, 
cap.  $241,900 ;  7  lumber  yards,  cap.  $21,500 ;  4 
fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  3  furnaces,  3  forges,  22 
tanneries,  12  distilleries,  2  breweries,  5  potteries, 
1  paper  fac,  4  printing  offices,  3  weekly  and  1  pe- 
riodical newspapers,  37  grist  m.,  2-1  saw  m.,  1  oil 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $190,087.  4  acad.  154 
students,  36  sch.  327  scholars.  Pop.  21,872 
43 


Lebanon,  p-t.,  York  co.,  Me.,  88  8.  w.  Augus- 
ta, 510  W.  Salmon  Falls  r.  runs  on  its  w.  bor- 
der,dividing  it  from  N.  11.  Drained  by  branches 
of  Salmon  lulls  r.,  one  of  which  issues  from  A 
pond  in  its  n.  k.  part.  It  has  6  stores,  cup. 
$4,700;  ]  tannery,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
paper,  4  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$3,300.     20  sch.  921  scholars.     P.m..  2,273. 

Lebanon,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  4  s.  Hano- 
ver, 50  n.  w.  Concord,  484  W.  Connecticut  r. 
runs  on  its  w.  border.  Watered  by  Masconey  r., 
which  affords  water  power.  Chartered  in  1761. 
The- land  on  the  rivers  is  excellent.  The  v.  is 
situated  on  the  Masconey  r.,  where  are  falls. 
A  canal  here  passes  round  the  fails  in  Connecti- 
cut r.  A  bridge  across  the  Connecticut  connects 
this  t.  with  Hartford,  Vt.  It  has  9  stores,  cap. 
$27,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery, 

3  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$36,095.  1  acad.  100  students,  16  sch.  691  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,754. 

Lebanon,  p-t.,  New  London  co.,  Ct.,  31  e.  s.  e. 
Hartford,  352  W.  The  surface  is  gently  uneven ; 
soil,  a  deep  rich  mold,  of  a  chocolate  color,  par- 
ticularly adapted  to  grass.  Watered  by  Yantic 
r.  and  its  branches.  The  principal  settlement  is 
chiefly  on  one  street,  30  rods  wide  and  a  mile  in 
length.  The  houses  are  mostly  scattered,  but 
many  of  them  neat.  It  contains  a  Congregation- 
al and  a  Baptist  church.  There  are  other  vil- 
lages and  churches  in  the  t.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$6,700;  2  fulling  m.,  2  wool  en  fac,  1  tannery, 

4  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,000. 
1  acad.  25  students,  16  sch.  546  scholars.  Pop. 
2,194. 

Lebanon,  p-t.,  Madison  co.,  N.  Y.,  107  w.  by 
n.  Albany,  353  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil, 
clay  loam.  Drained  by  Chenango  r.  and  its 
branches.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,200;  2  fulling 
m.,  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  4  grist  m.,  9  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $22,950.  16  sch.  641  scholars. 
Pop.  1,794. 

Lebanon,  p-t.,  Hunterdon  co.,  N.  J.,  40  n.  by 
w.  Trenton,  200  W.  The  surface  is  mountain- 
ous or  hilly  ;  soil,  clay  and  loam,  fertile  and  well 
cultivated.  Drained  by  Spruce  run  and  the  s. 
branch  of  Raritan  r.  It  has  13  stores,  cap. 
$31,400;  5  tanneries,  11  distilleries,  13  grist  m., 
17  saw  m.,  3  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,775. 
12  sch.  355  scholars.     Pop.  3,849. 

Lebanon,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is 
hilly  ;  soil,  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  tributa- 
ries of  Dyberry  cr.  It  has  4  sch.  90  scholars. 
Pop.  366. 

Lebanon,  p-b.,  capital  of  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.,  24 
E.  Harrisburg,  134  W.  It  is  situated  on  the 
Union  canal,  and  contains  a  large  brick  court 
house,  county  offices,  a  stone  jail,  5  churches — I 
Lutheran,  1  German  Reformed,  1  Methodist, 
1  Roman  Catholic,  and  1  Menonist — 9  stores,  4 
warehouses  on  the  canal,  1  grist  m.,  1  clover  m., 

3  breweries,  3  weekly  newspapers,  over  300 
dwellings,  and  about  2,500  inhabitants.  The  b. 
was  incorporated  in  1821.  The  t.  has  17  stores, 
cap.  $82,500;  3  lumber  yards,  cap.  $11,000;  5 
tanneries,  3  distilleries,  2  breweries,  3  potteries, 

4  printing  offices,  3  weekly  newspapers,  1  peri- 
odical, 8  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  73,001.  1  acad. 
50  students,  11  sch.  420  scholars.     Pop.  6,197. 

Lebanon,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Warren  co.,  O., 
85  w.  s.  w.  Columbus,  469  W.  It  is  situated  in 
Turtle  Creek  t,  between  2  branches  of  Turtle 
cr.,  a  branch  of  Little  Miami  r.,  and  contains  a 
court  house,  a  jail,  a  library,  3  churches— 1 
Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist,  several 
stores,  2  iron  foundries,  2  woollen  fac,  1  grist 
m.,   1  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  each  of  which 


LEE 


338 


LEE 


issues  a  weekly  newspaper,  and  about  1,500  in- 
habitants. 

Lebanon,  p-v.,  capital  of  Russell  co.,  Va.,  32d 
w.  by  s.  Richmond,  381  W.  Situated  on  a 
branch  of  Clinch  r. 

Lebanon,  t.,  Meigs  co.,  O.  Situated  on  Ohio  r. 
It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $1,100  ;  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,150.  4  sch.  122  scholars. 
Pop.  621. 
Lebanon,  p-v.,  Abbeville  dist.,  S.  C. 
Lebanon,  p-v.,  Cobb  co.,  Ga.,  106  n.  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  662  W.  Situated  on  the  N.  side  of 
Chattahoochee  r. 

Lebanon,  p-v.,  capital  of  Marion  co.,  Ky.,  59 
s.  w.  by  s.  Frankfort,  581  W.  Situated  on  a 
small  branch  of  Salt  r.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
several  stores,  and  546  inhabitants. 

Lebanon,  p-v.,  capital  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn., 
32  e.  Nashville,  652  W.  It  is  situated  on  a 
branch  of  Cumberland  r.,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  2  academies,  1  male  and  1  female, 
3  churches — 1  Cumberland  Presbyterian,  1  Meth- 
odist, and  1  Baptist — 12  stores,  80  dwellings,  and 
about  1,500  inhabitants.  There  is  a  large  steam 
cotton  fac.  in  the  vicinity,  and  a  college  is  char- 
tered, denominated  "  The  Southern  University." 
Lebanon,  p-v.,  capital  of  Boone  co.,  la.,  25  n. 
w.  Indianapolis,  599  W.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Lebanon,  p-v.,  St.  Clair  co.,  111.,  71  s.  Spring- 
field, 797  W.  It  has  8  stores,  2  Methodist  and  1 
Episcopal  churches,  1  steam  flouring  m.,  and 
about  50  dwellings.  It  contains  McKendree 
College,  founded  in  1834,  which  has  a  president, 
3  professors  or  other  instructors,  and  47  students. 
Commencement  is  on  the  second  Wednesday  in 
October. 

Lebanon,  p-v.,  capital  of  Searcy  co.,  Ark.,  95 
n.  by  w.  Little  Rock.  It  is  situated  on  the  s. 
side  of  the  Buffalo  fork  of  White  r.,  and  has  but 
2  or  3  dwellings. 

Lebanon,  p-v.,  capital  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ala., 
112  n.  E.  Tuscaloosa,  675  W.  Situated  on  n.  side 
of  Big  Wills  cr.  It  contains  a  court  house  and 
several  dwellings. 

Lebanon,  p-v.,  Boone  co.,  Mo.,  46  n.  Jefferson 
city,  935  W. 

Lebanon,  t,  Cooper  co.,  Mo.  It  has  2  sch.  82 
scholars.    Pop.  1,009. 

Ledlies,  p-o.,  Meigs  co.,  O.,  91  s.  e.  Columbus 
352  W. 

Ledyard,  p-t.,  New  London  co.,  Ct.,  47  s.  e. 
Hartford,  365  W.  Organized  from  Groton  in 
1836.  The  v.  is  on  the  E.  side  of  Thames  r.,  at 
Gales  ferry,  and  contains  about  30  dwellings. 
There  are  in  the  t.,  3  stores,  cap.  $4,000 ;  1  tan- 
nery, 4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac. 
$12,480.  14  schools,  523  scholars.  Pop.  1,871. 
Ledyard,  p-t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y.,  171  w.  Al- 
bany, 317  W.  The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  clay, 
loam,  and  marl,  and  very  productive.  Cayuga 
lake  bounds  it  on  the  w.,  into  which  its  streams 
flow.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $43,400 ;  1  fulling  m. 
1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $28,550.  2  acad.  91  students,  17 
sch.  570  scholars.     Pop.  2,143. 

Lee,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  s.  w.  part  of 
the  state,  and  contains  512  sq.  ms.  It  occupies  a 
valley  between  Cumberland  and  Powell's  moun- 
tains. Drained  by  Powell's  r.  and  its  branches. 
Capital,  Jonesville.  There  were  in  1810,  neat 
cattle  10,400,  sheep  10,493,  swine  34,205  ;  wheat 


Cap.  in  manufac.  $30,745.  7  sch.  138  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  7,829,  slaves  580,  free  col'd  32 ;  total,  8,441. 
Lee,  county,  Ga.  Situated  toward  the  s.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  600  sq.  ms.  Wa- 
tered by  Flint  river  and  its  branches.  Capital, 
Starkvi'lle.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
10,467,  sheep  730,  swine  12,072;  wheat  2,153 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  105,805,  oats  2,072,  po* 
tatoes  7,336,  cotton  1,067,140  pounds ;  7  stores, 
cap.  $25,100  ;  8  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap  in  man- 
ufac. $6,100.  1  acad.  28  students,  7  sch.  146  scho- 
lars. Pop.  whites  2,469,  slaves  2,046,  free  col'd 
5  ;  total,  4,520. 

Lee,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  n.  part  of 
the  state,  and  contains  720  sq.  ms.  Drained  by 
Rock  and  Green  rivers.  Capital,  Dixon.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  1,900,  sheep  318,  swine 
4,469 ;  wheat  27,415  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
45,500,  oats  28,685,  potatoes  18,715  ;  8  stores,  cap. 
$23,100  ;  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
12,705.     7  sch.  192  scholars.     Pop.  2,035. 

Lee,  county,  Iowa.  Situated  in  the  s.  part  of 
the  ter.,  and  contains  600  sq.  ms.  Organized  in 
1837.  Des  Moines  r.  runs  on  its  s.  w.,  and  Skunk: 
r.  on  its  N.  e.  border.  Watered  by  Sugar,  Half- 
breed,  and  Lost  creeks.  The  surface  is  undula- 
ting ;  soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Fort  Madison.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,654,  sheep  2,124,  swine 
13,890  ;  wheat  21,395  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
213,714,  oats  30,473,  potatoes  9,641,  sugar  4,363 
pounds  ;  7  stores,  cap.  $8,980 ;  12  sch.  346  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  6,093. 

Lee,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  about  125  n.  e. 
Augusta.  Watered  by  a  branch  of  Mattawam- 
keag  r.  It  has  a  considerable  pond  near  the  cen- 
tre of  the  t.  It  contains  8  stores,  8  sch.  284  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  724. 

Lee,  p-t.,  Strafford  co.,  N.  H.,  38  e.  by  s.  Con- 
cord, 485  W.  Watered  by  Lamprey,  Little,  North, 
and  Oyster  rivers.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $2,000 ; 
1  grist  m.  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,575.  7 
sen.  314  scholars.    Pop.  926. 

Lee,  p-t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  128  w.  Boston, 
368  W.  Situated  on  the  Housatonic  r.  Soil,  fer- 
tile, and  well  adapted  to  agriculture.  The  sur- 
face is  uneven,  excepting  on  the  streams.  Mar- 
ble and  iron  ore  are  found  here.  Incorporated 
in  1777.  It  has  11  stores,  cap.  $36,650  ;  2  forges, 
1  cotton  fac.  888  sp.,  1  tannery,  13  paper  fac,  1 
printing  office,  1  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $267,525.  1  acad.  42  students,  10  sch.  603 
scholars.     Pop.  2,428. 

Lee,  p-t.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  114  w.  n.  w.  Al- 
bany, 398  W.  The  surface  is  undulating  ;  soil, 
clav  and  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Canada  and 
Fish  creeks.  The  v.  contains  1  church,  1  store, 
25  dwellings,  and  about  150  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.,  5  stores,  cap.  $16,000  ;  2  furnaces,  1 
fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  4  tanneries,  1  distillery, 
1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  14  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac $48,062.  25  sch.  896  scholars.  Pop.  2,936. 
Lee,  p-t.,  Athens  co.,  O.,  81  s.  e.  Columbus, 
348  W.  It  has  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac.  $6,750.    2  sch.  56  scholars.     Pop.  848. 

Lee,  t.,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,000. 

Lekchburg,  p-o.,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  190  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  223  W. 

Lkechville,  p-v.,  Beaufort  dist.,  S.  C,  165  s. 
Columbia,  351  W. 

Leeds,  p-t.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  21  w.  by  s. 
Augusta,  587  W.     The  soil  is  fertde,  adapted  to 


36,766  bushels  produced,  rye  6,498,  Indian  corn  j  grain.  The  Androscoggin  r.  runs  on  its  w.  bor- 
446,111,  oats  102,812,  potatoes  23,249,  tobacco  der.  A  large  pond  lies  in  its  n.  e.  part,  the  out- 
23,433  pounds,   sugar  38,849;  12  stores,  capital 


$16,552";  5  bloomeries,  7  tanneries,  18  distilleries 
24  flouring  m.,  31  grist  ra.,  14  saw  m.,  1  oil  m. 


let  of  which  flows  into  Androscoggin  r.  Incor- 
porated in  1802.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $850 ;  1  ful- 
ling m,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.    Cap.  in 


LEE 


339 


LEH 


manufac.  $6,825.  1  acad.  9  students,  12  sch.  604 
scholars.     Pop.  1,736. 

Leeds,  p-v.,  Catskill  t.,  Greene  co.,  N.  Y.,  38 
s.s.  w.  Albany,  340  W.  Situated  on  Catekill  er., 
and  contains  1  church,  2  flouring  m.,  1  furnace, 
30  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Leeds  Manor,  p-o.,  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  127  n. 
by  w.  Richmond,  70  W. 

Leeds  Point,  p-v.,  Galloway  t.,  Atlantic  co., 
N.  J.,  86  s.  s.  e.  Trenton,  106  W.  It.  contains  a 
store  and  5  or  6  dwellings. 

Leedsville,  p-o.,  Ainenia  L,  Dutchess  co., 
N.  Y.,  68  s.  Albany,  327  W. 

Leedsville,  p-v.,  Monmouth  co.,  N.  J.,  48  e. 
Trenton,  214  W. 

Leedsville,  p-v.,  Randolph  co.,  Va.,  213  n.  w. 
by  w.  Richmond,  240  W. 

Leelanau,  county,  Mich.  Situated  on  the  e. 
shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  and  w.  of  Grand  Trav- 
verse  Bay.  Principal  stream  Betsy's  r.  It  has 
several  large  ponds,  and  on  the  lake  coast,  high 
sand  bluffs,  the  most  prominent  of  wluch  is  the 
Sleeping  Bear,  so  called  from  a  fancied  resem- 
blance to  that  animal.     (Unorganized.) 

Leesburg,  p-v.,  Maurice  River  t.,  Cumberland 
co.,  N.  J.,  78  s.  by  w.  Trenton,  189  W.  Situated 
on  the  e.  bank  of  Maurice  r.  It  contains  1  Meth- 
odist church,  1  store,  and  about  20  dwellings. 
There  is  considerable  ship  building  here. 

Leesburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Loudon  co.,  Va.,  153 
N.  Richmond,  34  W.  Situated  H  m.  n.  of  Poto- 
mac r.,  on  an  elevated  plain,  at  the  foot  of  Kit- 
toctan  mountains,  is  regularly  laid  out,  the  streets 
are  paved,  and  it  is  supplied  with  fine  water,  by 
an  aqueduct,  from  a  spring  in  the  vicinity.  It 
contains  a  neat  court  house,  a  jail,  a  market  house, 
a  bank,  3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal, 
and  1  Methodist — an  academy,  a  female  semina- 
ry, 2 1  stores,  2  printing  offices,  each  issuing  a 
weekly  newspaper,  and  500  dwellings.  The 
country  around  is  fertile. 

Leesburg,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Tenn.,  278  e. 
Nashville,  417  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  a 
small  stream  falling  into  the  Nolichucky  r.  It 
contains  1  church  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Leesburg,  p-v.,  Harrison  co.,  Kv.,  27  n.  e. 
Frankfort,  515  W.  Situated  on  w.  side  of  a  small 
stream  falling  into  Licking  r. 

Leesburg,  p-v.,  Fairfield  t.,  Highland  co.,  O., 
64  s.  w.  by  s.  Columbus,  436  W.  It  contains  6 
stores  and  about  350  inhabitants. 

Leesburg,  p-v.,  Kosciusko  co.,  la.,  133  n.  by 
E.  Indianapolis,  603  W.  Situated  2  ms.  n.  w.  of 
Tippecanoe  r.,  on  the  margin  of  a  beautiful  prairie. 

Leesburg,  p-v.,  Winnebago  co.,  111.,  220  n. 
by  E.  Springfield,  830  W. 

Leesburg,  p-v.,  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  140  n.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  689  W. 

Lee's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa., 
30  s.  w.  Harrisburg,  105  W. 

Leesville,  p-v.,  Sharon  t.,  Schoharie  co.,  N. 
Y.  It  contains  1  Universalist  church,  3  stores, 
and  about  25  dwellings. 

Leesville,  p-v.,  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  147  w.  by 
s.  Richmond,  222  W.  Situated  at  the  junction 
of  Stanton  r.  and  Goose  cr.,  and  contains  2  stores, 
a  tobacco,  fac,  1  flouring  m.,  1  carding  machine, 
1  cotton  gin,  2  tanneries,  20  dwellings,  and  about 
75  inhabitants. 

Leesville,  p-v.,  Robeson  co.,  N.  C,  102  s.  s. 
w.  Raleigh,  390  W. 

Leesville,  p-v.,  Lexington  dist.,  S.  C,  30  w. 
by  s.  Columbia,  536  W. 

Leesville,  p-v.,  Orange  t.,  Carroll  co.,  O., 
115  e.  N.  e.  Columbus,  301. 

Leesville,  p-v.,  Hart  co.,  Ky.,  101  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  643  W. 


Leesville,  p-v.,  Lawrence  co.,  la.,  78  s.  by 
w.  Indianapolis,  603  W.  Situated  on  w.  side  of 
Guthrie's  cr.  It  contains  3  stores,  1  grist  m.,  and 
about  200  inhabitants. 

Leesville,  p-v.,  Choctaw  co.,  Miss.,  125  n.  n. 
w.  Jackson,  960  W. 

Leesville  Cross  Roads,  p-v.,  Sandusky  t., 
Richland  co.,  O.,  74  n.  by  e.  Columbus,  412  W. 

Leetown,  p-v.,  Jefferson  co.,  Va.,  177  n.  by 
w.  Richmond,  70  W.  It  contain*  1  stoic,  1  flour- 
ing m.,  several  dwellings,- and  75  inhabitant* 
Named  after  Gen.  Lee,  of  revolutionary  memory, 
who  resided  here. 

Lee  Valley,  p-v.,  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn.,  256 
E.by  N.Nashville,  419  W. 

Lehigh,  r.,  Pa.,  rises  in  Luzerne  co.,  near 
Wilkesbarre,  and  flows  100  miles,  to  its  en- 
trance into  the  Delaware  r.,  at  Kaston.  Along  this 
r.,  by  means  of  dams,  locks,  and  canals,  a  naviga- 
tion is  opened  from  Easton  to  Whitehaven,  in 
Northampton  co.,  84£  ms.,  of  which  30i  consist 
of  pools,  39?  of  canals,  2£  of  locks,  and  the  re- 
mainder of  sluices.  This  forms  a  most  important 
opening  to  the  coal  region,  to  which  railroads  are 
continued.  The  r.,  in  its  upper  parts,  is  a  rapid 
mountain  stream,  with  many  falls. 

Lehigh,  county,  Pa.  Situated  in  the  E.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  389  sq.  ms.  It  mostly 
occupies  a  valley  between  South  and  Blue  or 
Kittatinny  mountains.  The  surface  and  soil  are 
various  ;  but  the  latter,  in  many  parts,  is  excel- 
lent. Lehigh  r.  runs  on  i*s  n.  e.  border,  by 
which,  and  its  tributaries,  the  co.  is  watered. 
Capital,  Allentown.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  18,126,  sheep  13,448,  swine  33,625,  wheat 
176,468  bush,  produced,  rye  301,830,  lnd.  com 
207,098,  barley  3,018,  oats  202,015,  potatoes 
116,061,  tobacco  4,000  pounds;  76  stores,  cap. 
$435,200  ;  6  lumber  yards,  cap.  $20,000 ;  1  fur- 
nace, 1  forge,  2  fulling  m.,  6  woollen  fac,  29  tan- 
neries, 119  distilleries,  3  powder  m.,  1  pottery, 
1  paper  fac,  4  printing  offices,  4  weekly  news- 
papers, 4  flouring  m.,  62  grist  m.,  48  saw  m.,  7 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $292,190;  1  acad.  30 
students,  56  sch.  2,293  scholars.     Pop.  25,787. 

Lehigh,  t.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa.  It  is  bounded 
w.  by  Lehigh  r.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly, 
partly  level ;  soil,  gravel  and  calcareous  loam. 
Blue  mountain  lies  on  its  n.  boundary.  Watered 
by  Indian  cr.  The  Lehigh  Water-gap  is  in  the 
n.  w.  corner  of  the  t.,  where  is  a  v.  containing  a 
store,  and  a  mill  for  preparing  hydraulic  cement, 
from  limestone  hero  found,  and  about  20  dwell- 
ings. Here  is  a  toll-bridge  over  the  r.  It  has  8 
stores,  cap.  $22,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  distilleries,  6 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $46,000.  9 
sch.  510  scholars.     Pop.  2,049. 

Lehigh  Gap,  p-o.,  Lehigh  t.,  Northampton  co., 
Pa.,  104  e.  n.  E.  Harrisburg,  198  W.  Here  the 
Lehigh  r.  passes  a  gap  in  Blue  mountain.  On 
each  side  of  the  pass  the  mountain  rises  to  the 
height  of  1,200  feet  above  the  bed  of  the  river. 
The  scenery  is  wildly  grand.  Here  is  the  v. 
described  above. 

Lehighton,  p-v.,  Penn  t.,  Northampton  co., 
Pa.,  36  w.  Mb  w.  Easton,  96  n.  e.  by  e.  Harris- 
burg, 196  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank  of  Le- 
high r.,  half  a  mile  above  Mahoning  cr.  On  the 
Mahoning,  100  rods  from  its  mouth,  stood  the  old 
Moravian  v.  of  Gnadenhutten,  where  an  old 
church  is  still  standing.  A  bridge  214  feet  long 
here  crosses  the  Lehigh.  The  v.  is  situated  on 
an  elevated  table  land,  regularly  laid  out,  and 
with  a  limited  but  fine  prospect. 

Lehman,  p-t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  121  n.  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  232  W.  The  surface  is  very  un- 
even, but  much  of  it  may  be  cultivated.    It  con- 


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340 


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tains  Lehman's  lake,  and  its  outlet,  Lehman's  cr. 
Harvey's,  Bowman's,  and  Mahoopeny  creeks  af- 
ford extensive  water  power.  It  has  6  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,500.  4  sch.  164  scholars. 
Pop.  527. 

Leicester,  p-t.,  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  73  s.  s.  w. 
Montpelier,  477  W.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and 
on  the  e.  mountainous  ;  the  soil,  excepting  on  the 
mountains,  is  a  fertile  sandy  loam,  with  some  flats 
of  clay.  Watered  hy  Otter  creek  and  Leicester 
river.  Lake  Dunmore,  4  ms.  long,  and  from  half 
to  three  fourths  of  a  mile  wide,  lies  between  this 
t.  and  Salisbury.  Chartered  in  1763,  first  settled 
in  1773.    It  has  3  sch.  63  scholars.    Pop.  603. 

Leicester,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  48  w. 
Boston,  400  W.  The  situation  is  elevated. 
Watered  by  branches  of  French  and  Blackstone 
rivers,  which  afford  extensive  water  power.  The 
surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  a  fertile  clay  loam.  It 
contains  5  churches — 1  Congregational,  1  Unita- 
rian, 1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Friends.  At 
the  central  v.  is  a  Congregation alist  and  a  Unita- 
rian church,  and  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  re- 
spectable academies  in  the  state,  founded  in  1784. 
The  t.  has  7  stores,  cap.  $9,001) ;  6  tanneries,  3 
grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $90,870.  1 
acad.  319  students,  10  sch.  544  scholars.  Pop.  1,707. 
Leicester,  t.,  Livingston  co.,  N.  Y.,  5  w. 
Geneseo,  232  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  in  ter- 
races, descending  toward  Genesee  r.,  which 
bounds  it  on  the  e.  The  soil  is  fertile.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $18,700  ;  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  2 
distilleries,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $16,365.  1  acad.  20  students,  16  sch.  758 
scholars.     Pop.  2,415. 

Leigh  Read,  county,  (formerly  Musquito,) 
Flor.  Situated  on  the  E.  side  of  the  peninsula, 
and  contains  a  great  extent  of  territory,  with  a 
diversity  of  soil  and  climate.  It  has  many  swamps, 
easily  drained,  and  very  fertile.  Watered  by  St. 
John's  r.,  Halifax  r.,  Spruce  cr.,  Hillsborough  r., 
Indian  r.,  St.  Sebastians  cr.,  Jupiter  cr.,  and  St. 
Lucia  r.  Capital,  New  Smyrna.  Pop.  1840,  72. 
Leighton,  p-o.,  Lawrence  co.,  Ala.,  132  n. 
Tuscaloosa,  772  W.  Situated  on  the  Tuscum- 
bia  and  Decatur  railroad. 

Leighton's  Corners,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  N.  H., 
55  n.  by  e.  Concord,  536  W. 

Leiper's  Fork,  p-o.,  Williamson  co.,  Tenn., 
26  s.  Nashville,  703  W. 

Leipersville,  p-v.,  Ridley  t.,  Delaware  co., 
Pa.,  97  e.  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  124  W.  It  contains  a 
church,  1  store,  1  saw  m.,  1  tannery,  and  about 
25  dwellings.  The  Leiper  canal  extends  2  ms. 
from  Delaware  r.,  througli  the  t.,  to  stone  quarries 
on  Ridley  cr. 

Leipsic,  p-v.,  Kent  co.,  Del. 
Leitersburg,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Md.,  107 
N.  w.  Annapolis,  75  W. 

Lemen,  p-o.,  De  Witt  co.,  111.,  74  n.  e.  Spring- 
field, 729  W. 

Lemington,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  94  n.  e.  Mont- 
pelier, 591  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  and 
mountainous,  with  some  good  intervale  on  the 
streams.  Connecticut  r.  bounds  it  on  the  s.  E., 
by  small  tributaries  of  which  it  is  watered.  One 
of  them  has  a  cascade  of  50  feet.  Chartered  in 
1762.  It  has  2  saw  m.,  2  sch.  40  scholars.  Pop. 
124. 

Lemon,  t.,  Butler  co.,  O.  It  is  a  large,  popu- 
lous, and  wealthy  t,  containing  several  villages. 
5  sch.  110  scholars.     Pop.  2,052. 

Lempster,  p-t.,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  H.,40  w.  Con- 
cord, 466  W.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  on  the 
E.  mountainous ;  soil,  adapted  to  grazing.  Wa- 
tered by  branches  of  Sugar  and  Cold  rivers. 
Chartered  in  1761.    It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $2,300  ; 


1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  3  grist  m.,  6  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $745.  21  sch.  319  scholars. 
Pop.  941. 

Lenawee,  county,  Mich.  Situated  in  the  s. 
e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  735  sq.  ms. 
Watered  by  Raisin  and  Ottawa  rivers.  The  sur- 
face is  gently  undulating  ;  soil,  sandy  and  argil- 
laceous loam,  and  fertile.  Iron  ore  is  found. 
Capital,  Adrian.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 14,917,  sheep  6,034,  swine  22,973;  wheat 
167,891  bush,  produced,  rye  3,468,  Ind.  com 
199,533,  buckwheat  8,188,  barley  5,989,  oats 
151,111,  potatoes  112,534,  sugar  33,945  pounds; 

6  commission  houses,  cap.  $15,000 ;  43  stores, 
cap.  $195,350;  1  tannery,  3  distilleries,  3  flouring 
m.,  9  grist  m.,  44  saw  m.,  3  printing  offices,^  3 
weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $266,350. 
1  college,  20  students,  1  acad.  27  students,  114 
sch.  4,394  scholars.     Pop.  17,889. 

Lenoir,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  toward  the 
s.  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  390  sq.  ms. 
Watered  by  INeuse  r.  and  its  branches.  Capital, 
Kingston.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,060, 
sheep  4,530,  swine  27,420 ;  wheat  9,960  bush, 
produced,  rye  4,800,  Ind.  corn  1,734,000,  oats 
8,870,  potatoes  61,950,  rice  15,000  pounds,  cotton 
244,300;  11  stores,  cap.  $41,000;  1  cotton  fac, 
12  distilleries,  11  flouring  m.,  17  grist  m.,  11  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $27,375.  2  acad.  80  stu- 
dents, 6  sch.  167  scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,687, 
slaves  3,683,  free  col'd  235  ;  total,  7,605. 

Lenoir,  p-v.,  capital  of  Caldwell  co.,  N.  C. 
Situated  on  the  s.  side  of  Yadkin  r.,  near  its 
source,  and  contains  a  court  house,  1  store,  and 
several  dwellings. 

Lenoir's,  p-o.,  Roane  co.,  Tenn.,  171  e.  by  s. 
Nashville,  522  W. 

Lens  Creek,  p-o.,  Kanawha  co.,  Va. 

Lenox,  p-t.,  capital  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  132 
w.  Boston,  370  W.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and 
the  soil  productive.  Watered  by  Housatonic  r. 
Incorporated  in  1767.  The  v.  is  pleasantly  situa- 
ted on  elevated  ground,  and  is  neatly  built,  and 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  3  churches — 1  Con- 
gregational, 1  Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist — a  flour- 
ishing academy,  founded  in  1803,  a  printing  of- 
fice, and  about  40  dwellings.  The  t.  has  1  fur- 
nace, 1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  printing  office,  1 
weekly  newspaper,  1  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  1  oil  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,600.     1  acad.  60  students, 

7  sch.  341  sch.    Pop.  1,313. 

Lenox,  p-t.,  Madison  co.,  N.  Y.,  121  w.  n.  w. 
Albany,  353  W.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
level  ;  soil,  generally  productive,  adapted  to 
wheat.  Drained  by  Cowasalon  and  Oneida  crs., 
flowing  into  Oneida  lake,  which  bounds  it  on  the 
n.  The  v.,  called  Lenox  Basin,  is  on  the  Erie 
canal,  and  contains  5  stores,  and  about  20  dwell- 
ings. The  t.  has  15  stores,  cap.  $44,000 ;  3  full- 
ing m.,  4  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  18  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac  $31,000.  1  acad.  36  students,  24  sch. 
1,493  scholars.     Pop.  5,440. 

Lenox,  p-t.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  170  n.  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  274  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil, 
clay  and  gravel.  Watered  by  Tunkhannock  cr. 
and  its  branches.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $5,500 ;  2 
grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,075.  8 
sch.  240  scholars.     Pop.  800. 

Lenox,  p-t.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.,  15  s.  Ashtabula, 
201  n.  e.  Columbus,  335  W.  It  contains  1  store, 
1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  5  sch.  166  scholars.  Pop. 
550. 

Lenox,  t.,  Macomb  co.,  Mich.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile, adapted  to  grain.  It  has  9  sch.  149  scholars. 
Pop.  284. 

Leominster,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  44 
w  n.  w.  Boston,  417  W.    The  surface  is  undu- 


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341 


LEV 


Isiting  ;  soil,  very  fertile,  particularly  on  the  river. 
Watered  by  a  branch  of  Nashua  r.,  which  affords 
extensive  water  power.  Incorporated  in  1740.  It 
contains  4  churches — 1  Congregationalist,  1  Uni- 
tarian, 1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist.  The  v.,  at  the 
centre,  contains  2  churches,  and  about  30  dwell- 
ings. The  t.  has  12  stores,  cap.  $12,300 ;  1  fulling 
m.,  2  tanneries,  1  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  18  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,825.  1  acad.  25  stu- 
dents, 12  sch.  633  scholars.     Pop.  2,069. 

Leon,  county,  Flor.  Situated  in  the  centre  of 
the  N.  part  of  the  ter.,  and  contains  1,824  sq.  ms. 
Appalachee  bay  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  lies  on  its 
s.  border.  The  seacoast  is  marshy  ;  back  is  pine 
land,  much  of  which  is  fertile.  Ocklockony  river 
runs  on  its  w.  border.  Wakully  r.  is  in  its  E.  part. 
Capital,  Tallahassee.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cat-le  11,890,  sheep  1,793,  swine  18,339;  Ind.  corn 
296,951  bush,  prod.,  oats  5,315,  potatoes  43,780, 
tobacco  3,330  pounds,  cotton  5,530,644,  sugar 
29,150  ;  2  commercial  and  10  commission  houses, 
cap.  $1 18,500 ;  44  stores,  cap.  $436,000 ;  1  tannery, 
6  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  1  bindery, 
and  2  weekly  newspapers.  Capital  in  manufac. 
$129,500.  1  acad.  41  students,  4  sch.  100  schol- 
ars. Pop.  whites  3,461,  slaves  7,231,  free  colored 
21 ;  total,  10,713. 

Leon,  p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.  Y.,  311  w.  by  s. 
Albany,  343  W.  The  surface  is  elevated,  but 
generally  level;  soil,  a  fertile  clay  and  sandy 
Foam.  Drained  by  Conewango  cr.  and  its  tribu- 
taries. It  has  13  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$18,700.     11  sch.  473  scholars.     Pop.  1,326. 

Leon,  p-v.,  Madison  co.,  Va.,  165  n.  w.  Rich- 
mond, 89  W.     Situated  on  Crooked  run. 

Leon,  p-o.,  Richmond  t.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.,  208 
N.  E.  Columbus,  324  W. 

Leonardstown,  p-v.,  capital  of  St.  Mary's  co., 
Md.,  87  s.  Annapolis,  64  W.  Situated  on  Britton's 
r.,  a  small  branch  of  Potomac  r.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Leonardsville,  p-v.,  Brookfield  t.,  Madison 
co.,  N.  Y.,  86  w.  by  n.  Albany,  364  W.  Situated 
on  Unadilla  r.,  and  contains  1  church,  4  stores,  1 
flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  40  dwellings,  and  about 
250  inhabitants. 

Leoni,  p  t.,  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  71  w.  Detroit, 
546  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain.  It 
contains  4  stores,  cap.  $24,000;  2  distilleries,  2 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,000. 
1  sch.  70  scholars.     Pop.  1,067. 

Leonidas,  t.,  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich.  It  has  4 
sch.  132  scholars.    Pop.  410. 

Leon  Mills,  p-o.,  Leon  t.,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N. 
Y.,  315  w.  by  s.  Albany,  341  W. 

Le  Ray,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  N.  Y.,  8  N.  E.  Water- 
town,  158  n.  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating ;  soil,  a  fertile  clay  and  sandy  loam.  Wa- 
tered by  Black  and  Indian  rs.  It  has  10  stores, 
cap.  $23,100;  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  flouring 
m.,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufactures 
$19,6u0.  1  acad.  95  students,  25  sch.  1,194  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  3,721. 

Le  Raysville,  p-v.,  Le  Rav  t.,  Jefferson  co., 
N.  Y.,  162  n.  w.  Albany,  428  W.  It  contains  1 
church,  1  store,  1  saw  m.,  30  dwellings,  and  about 
200  inhabitants. 

Le  Raysville,  p-v.,  Pike  t.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa., 
152  n.  by  e.  Harrisburg,  262  W.  It  contains  an 
academy. 

Le  Boeuf,  t.,  Erie  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  fulling  m., 
1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,800.  6 
sch.  250  scholars.     Pop.  876. 

Le  Roy,  p-t.,  Genesee  co.,  N.  Y.,  236  w.  by 
n.  Albany,  370  W.  The  surface  is  generally 
level ;  soil,  a  productive  sandy  and  gravelly 
loam,  adapted  to  grain.    Drained  by  Allen's  cr. 


It  1ms  17  stores,  cap.  $70,500;  1  fulling  m.,  I  tan- 
nery, 2  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  mi.  (  ap.  in 
manufac.  $31,450.  1  acad.  116  students,  12  sch. 
436  scholars.     Pop.  4,323. 

Le  Roy,  v.,  Exeter  t.,  Otsego  co.,  N.  Y.  Situ- 
ated at  the  outlet  of  Canandaigua  lake,  and  con- 
tains 2  churches,  3  stores,  1  grist  m.,  30  dwellings, 
and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Le  Roy,  p-t.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  143  n.  by  e. 
Harrisburg,  253  W.     It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $1,975 ; 

2  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,420.  4  sch.  178  scholars. 
Pop.  679. 

Le  Roy,  t.,  Lake  co.,  O.,  4  n.  e.  Chardon,  185 
N.  E.  Columbus.  It  has  1  saw  m.,  10  sch.  400 
scholars.     Pop.  898. 

Le  Roy,  p-o.,  Westfield  t.,  Medina  co.,  O.,  113 
N.  E.  by  n.  Columbus,  356  W. 

Le  Roy,  p-o.,  McLean  co.,  III.,  94  n.  e.  Spring- 
field, 729  W. 

Le  Roy,  t.,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.  It  has  2  saw 
m.,  2  sch.  100  scholars.     Pop.  326. 

Leslie,  p-t.,  Ingham  co.,  Mich.,  89  w.  by  N. 
Detroit,  575  W.    Pop.  281. 

Lesser  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Somerset  co.,  N.  J., 
42  n.  Trenton,  216  W. 

Letart,  t.,  Meigs  co.,  O.  Situated  on  a  bend 
of  Ohio  r.,  opposite  to  Letart's  Rapids,  surrounded 
on  3  sides  by  the  r.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $2,900 ; 
1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,350.  4 
sch.  128  scholars.    Pop.  642. 

Letart's  Falls,  p-v.,  Letart  t.,  Meigs  co.,  O., 
108  s.  w.  Columbus,  343  W.  The  rapid  in  Ohio 
r.,  25  ms.  below  Shade  r.,  is  caused  by  the  pro- 
jection of  a  steep  hill  into  the  r.,  which  occasions 
a  rapid  current. 

Letcher,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  200  sq.  miles.  It  was 
erected  in  1842,  principally  from  Perry  co.  Drain- 
ed by  the  head  branch  of  Kentucky  r.  Capital, 
Letcher  C.  H. 

Letcher,  p-o.,  capital  of  Letcher  co.,  Ky.,  147 
s.  e.  Frankfort,  491  W. 

Letter  B,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  77  n.  w.  Au- 
gusta, 628  W.  Situated  on  Umbagog  lake,  which 
bounds  it  n.  and  w.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Pop.  111. 

Letterkenny,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  7  n.  w. 
Chambersburg.  Drained  by  Conedogwinit  and 
Racoon  crs.  The  surface  is  mostly  level ;  soil, 
slaty.  Blue  Mountain  covers  its  w.  part.  It  has 
6  stores,  cap.  $12,600;  1  fulling  m.,  6  tanneries,  1 
flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $23,120.     11  sch.  528  scholars.     Pop.  1,918. 

Letimberville,  p-v.,  Scott  t.,  Marion  co.,  O., 
56  n.  Columbus,  412  W.  It  contains  1  store  and 
a  number  of  dwellings. 

Levanna,  p-v.,  Ledyard  t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y., 
172  w.  Albany,  325  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  side 
of  Cayuga  lake,  and  contains  1  church,  1  store,  2 
warehouses,  1  steam  flouring  m.,  30  dwellings, 
and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Levant,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co ,  Me.,  80  n.  n.  e. 
Augusta,  675  W.  Drained  by  Kenduskeag  stream 
and  its  branches.     The  soil  is  productive.    It  has 

3  stores,  cap.  $1,200 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1 
grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,300.  404 
scholars  in  schools.     Pop.  1,061. 

Levant,  p-o.,  Chautauque  co.,  N.  Y.,  326  w. 
by  s.  Albany,  323  W. 

Level,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  O.,  81  w.  s.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 464  W  .  _      ino 

Level  Corner,  p-o.,  Lycoming  co.,  ra.,  lltt 
N.  Harrisburg,  210  W. 

Level  Farm,  p-o.,  New  Kent  co.,  Va. 

Level  Green,  p-o.,  Giles  co.,  Va.,  221  w. 
Richmond,  261  W 


LEW 


342 


LEW 


Leverett,  p-t,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  83  w.  by 
N.  Boston,  393  W.  The  surface  is  elevated;  soil, 
adapted  to  grazing.  It  contains  2  Congregational 
churches.  Watered  by  2  small  branches  of  Con- 
necticut r.  Incorporated  in  1774.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $3,400 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tan- 
neries, 2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac 
$15,023.    5  sch.  327  scholars.     Pop.  875. 

Leverington,  p-o.,  Philadelphia  co.,  Pa.,  98  e 
by  s.  Harrisburg,  147  W. 

Lewis,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  1,122  sq.  ms.  The  sur- 
face is  mostly  hilly  and  broken ;  soil,  various 
Along  Black  r.  it  is  fertile.  Watered  by  Black 
r.  and  its  tributaries,  Beaver,  Independence,  and 
Moose  rivers,  and  by  Salmon,  Indian,  and  Oswe- 
gatchie  rs.  Capital,  Martinsburg.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  31,130,  sheep  36,665,  swine 
18,076;  wheat  85,191  bush,  produced,  rye  2,473, 
Ind.  corn  48,984,  buckwheat  8,498,  barley  20,271 
oats  144,880,  potatoes  634,316,  hops  5,460  pounds, 
sugar  257,476  ;  33  stores,  capital  $93,300 ;  2  fur- 
naces, 5  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  16  tanneries, 

1  distillery,  3  flouring  m.,  11  grist  m.,  80  saw  m., 

2  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $65,280.  1  acad.  120  students, 
151  sch.  5,259  scholars.    Pop.  17,830. 

Lewis,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,600  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Little  Kanawha  r.  and  its  branches, 
and  by  the  w.  fork  of  Monongahela  r.  and  its 
branches,  and  the  head  waters  of  e.  fork.  The 
surface  is  uneven  and  rough.  Capital,  Weston. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  12,257,  sheep 
14,971,  swine  19,622;  wheat  47,091  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  4,867,  Ind.  corn  253,110,  oats  80,161, 
potatoes  24,376,  tobacco  11,688  pounds,  sugar 
93,784;  16  stores,  cap.  $59,300;  1  fulling  m.,  5 
tanneries,  3  distilleries,  24  grist  m.,  17  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $30,700.  9  sch.  219 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  7,989,  slaves  124,  free 
col'd  38  ;  total,  8,151. 

Lewis,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  375  sq.  ms.  Ohio  r. 
runs  on  its  n.  border.  Drained  by  Salt  Lick 
and  Kinniconick  creeks,  which  flow  into  the 
Ohio.  Capital,  Clarksburg.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  3,424,  sheep  4,762,  swine  8,957  ;  wheat 
18,752  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  150,158,  oats 
40,492,  potatoes  3,792,  sugar  19,976  pounds ;  12 
stores,  cap.  $23,800 ;  4  tanneries,  6  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $24,110.  10  sch.  264  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  5,873,  slaves  406,  free  col'd  27;  total, 
6,306. 

Lewis,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the  n.  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  500  sq.  ms.  The  Mis- 
sissippi r.  runs  on  its  E.  boundary.  Drained  by 
Fabius  and  Wyaconda  rivers.  The  surface  is 
undulating ;  soil,  very  fertile.  It  contains  timber 
and  prairie.  Capital,  Waterloo.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  4,479,  sheep  4,934,  swine  26,248 ; 
wheat  45,583  bush,  produced,  rye  9,718,  Indian 
com  376,452,  oats  27,931,  potatoes  16,199,  tobacco 
17,886  lbs.,  sugar  3,762  ;  22  stores,  cap.  $195,865  , 
1  tannery,  3  distilleries,  2  flouring  m.,  9  grist  m.,  9 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,500.  17  sch.  368 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,966,  slaves  1,065,  free 
col'd  9 ;  total,  6,040. 

Lewis,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  N.  Y.,  131  n.  Albany, 
506  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  mountainous, 
with  some  level  tracts,  and  a  moderately  good 
soil.  Drained  by  Boquet  r.  and  its  tributaries. 
It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $3,000;  2  fulling  m.,  5 
forges,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  33  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $30,950.  11  sch.  3S9  scholars. 
Pop.  1,505. 

Lewis,  t..  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.    It  has  3  stores, 


cap..  $3,400  ;  1  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.    Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $6,700.    2  sch.  60  scholars.     Pop.  542. 

Lewis,  p-v.,  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  45  s.  by  e.  Do- 
ver, 153  W. 

Lewis  and  Rehoboth,  Hundred,  Sussex  co., 
Del.  It  has  8  stores,  cap.  $14,400 ;  1  tannery. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $500.  1  acad.  40  students,  3 
sch.  36  scholars.     Pop.  1,834. 

Lewis,  p-t.,  Brown  co.,  O.,  121  s.  w.  by  s. 
Columbus,  483  W.  The  surface  is  slightly  un- 
even, and  the  soil  adapted  to  the  production  of 
grain  and  tobacco.  Drained  by  Whiteoak,  Eagle, 
Bullskin,  and  other  creeks,  that  flow  into  the  Ohio, 
which  bounds  it  on  the  s.  It  has  2  sch.  56  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  2,437. 

Lewis,  t.,  Clay  co.,  la.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$2,000 ;  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$450.    Pop.  472. 

Lewis,  p-o.,  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  135  s.  w.  Frank- 
fort, 658  W. 

Lewis,  p-o.,  Vigo  co.,  la.,  78  w.  s.  w.  Indiana- 
polis, 649  W. 

Lewisberry,  p-v.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  17  s.  Harris- 
burg, 109  W. 

Lewisborough,  p-t,  Westchester  co.,  N.  Y., 
130  s.  by  e.  Albany,  286  W.  The  surface  is 
somewhat  broken;  soil,  clay  and  sandy  loam. 
Drained  on  the  w.  by  Croton  r.  It  has  4  sch.  85 
scholars.     Pop.  1,619. 

Lewisburg,  p-b.,  Buffalo  t.,  Union  co.,  Pa.,  67 
n.  Harrisburg,  177  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank 
of  Susquehanna  r.,  a  little  below  the  mouth  of 
Buffalo  cr.  A  lateral  canal,  half  a  mile  long, 
connects  with  the  West  Branch  canal.  It  con- 
tains 2  churches,  13  stores,  cap.  $79,500  ;  1  fur- 
nace, 2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw 
m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $36,355.  1  acad.  20  students,  4  sch. 
250  scholars.     Pop.  1,220. 

Lewisburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Greenbrier  co., 
Va.,  214  w.  Richmond,  251  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1 
Baptist,  and  1  Methodist — a  lyceum,  an  acade- 
my, 6  stores,  a  printing  office,  200  dwellings,  and 
about  900  inhabitants.  It  is  9  ms.  e.  of  the  cele- 
brated White  Sulphur  Springs. 

Lewisburg,  p-v.,  Harrison  t.,  Preble  co.,  O., 
97  w.  by  s.  Columbus,  490  W. 

Lewisburg,  p-v.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  Ky.,  172 
w.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  714  W.  Situated  on  the  s. 
bank  of  Green  r.,  at  the  s.  extremity  of  a  bend  in 
the  r. 

Lewisburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Marshall  co., 
Term.,  54  s.  Nashville,  703  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Lewisburg,  p-v.,  Cass  co.,  la.,  81  n.  Indiana- 
polis, 601  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  bank  of  the 
Wabash  r.,  and  on  the  Wabash  and  Erie  canal. 

Lewisburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Conway  co.,  Ark., 
45  n.  w.  Little  Rock,  1,110  W.  Situated  on  the 
n.  bank  of  Arkansas  r.  It  has  a  court  house, 
and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Lewis's  Grove,  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,  Mo.,  Ill  n. 
Jefferson  City,  968  W. 

Lewisport,  p-v.,  Harrison  co.,  Va.,  283  n.  w. 
by  w.  Richmond,  251  W. 

Lewis's  Store,  p-o.,  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va., 
99  n.  Richmond,  90  W. 

Lewiston,  p-t.,  Niagara  co.,  N.  Y.,  297  w.  by 
N.  Albany,  410  W.  A  ridge  e.  and  w.  divides  it 
into  2  plains.  The  soil  is  a  calcareous  and  sandy 
loam,  and  fertile.  Niagara  r.  bounds  it  on  the 
w.  The  Tuscarora  Indians  have  a  settlement  in 
the  t.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Nia- 
gara r.,  at  the  head  of  steamboat  navigation,  7 
ms.  from  Lake  Ontario.  Incorporated  in  1822. 
It  contains  4  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Epis- 


LEX 


343 


LEX 


copal,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Universalis! — an  academy, 
10  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  distillery,  100  dwellings, 
ami  about  9U0  inhabitants.  It  has  a  convenient 
■team boat  landing,  from  which  boats  regularly 
ply  to  Oswego,  and  other  places  on  Lake  On- 
tario. It  has  a  communication  by  railroad  to 
Buffalo  by  Niagara  falls,  which  connects  with 
the  Lockport  and  Niagara  Falls  railroad.  There 
are  in  the  t.  4  com.  houses,  cap.  $500 ;  18  stores, 
cap.  $29,600 ;  1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  7  saw.  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $30,600.     1  acad.  122  students, 

12  sch.  793  scholars.     Pop.  2,533. 
Lewistown,  p-t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  31  s.  w. 

Augusta,  577  W.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Incorpo- 
rated in  1795.  Androscoggin  r.  runs  on  its  w. 
border,  and  has  here  a  fall  47  feet,  in  a  distance 
of  12  or  15  rods,  affording  great  water  power. 
A  bridge,  1,000  feet  long,  here  crosses  the  An- 
droscoggin, at  the  foot  of  the  falls.  It  has  6 
stores,  cap.  $580 ;  4  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  2 
tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$75,800.     14  sch.  742  scholars.     Pop.  1,801. 

Lewistown,  p-b.,  capital  of  Mifflin  co.,  Pa., 
57  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  148  W.  Situated  on  the  N. 
side  of  Juniata  r.,  at  the  junction  of  Kishcoquillas 
cr.  The  Pennsylvania  canal  runs  through  the 
place.  It  has  8  streets  crossing  each  other  at 
right  angles,  a  large  court  house  and  public  offi- 
ces of  brick,  in  the  middle  of  an  open  square  at 
the  centre,  4  churches,  an  academy,  about  400 
dwellings.  There  is  a  mineral  spring  in  the  vi- 
cinity. It  has  5  com.  houses,  cap.  $900;  17 
stores,  cap.  $106,700;  1  furnace,  3  tanneries,  1 
brewery,  1  pottery,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $51,450.  1  acad.  27  students,  7  sch  231 
scholars.     Pop.  2,058. 

Lewistown,  p-v.,  Bloomfield  t.,  Logan  co.,  O., 
77  n.  w.  by  s.  Columbus,  464  W.  It  is  situated 
on  the  e.  side  of  the  Miami  r. 

Lewistown,  Va.    (See  Lunenburgh  C.  H.) 

Lewistown,  p-v.,  capital  of  Fulton  co.,  111., 
55  n.  w.  Springfield,  833  W.  It  contains  a  neat 
court  house,  a  jail,  3  stores,  and  about  40  dwell- 
ings. It  is  4  ms.  e.  of  Spoon  r.  and  12  ms.  w.  of 
Illinois  r. 

Lewisville,  p-v.,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  171  w.  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  219  W. 

Lewisville,  p-v.,  Brunswick  co.,  Va.,  82  s. 
by  w.  Richmond,  198  W. 

Lewisville,  p-v.,  Chester  dist.,  S.  C,  64  n. 
Columbia,  450  W. 

Lewisville,  p-v.,  capital  of  La  Fayette  co., 
Ark.,  162  s.  w.  Little  Rock,  1,237  W. 

Lewisville,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  O. 

Lewisville,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  la.,  42  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 529  W .  It  is  situated  on  the  e.  side 
of  Flat  Rock  cr.,  on  the  national  road. 

Lexington,  district,  S.  C.  Situated  a  little 
w.  of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  900  sq. 
ms.  Watered  by  Saluda  r.,  which  joins  Broad  r. 
on  the  border  of  this  dist.  to  form  the  Congaree  r. 
Capital,  Lexington  C.  H.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  15,619,  sheep  6,144,  swine  27,198 ; 
wheat  28,849  bush,  produced,  oats  24,084,  pota- 
toes 27,733,  rice  24,000  pounds,  cotton  454,191; 

13  stores,  cap.  $38,800 ;  1  cotton  fac,  3  distille- 
ries, 46  grist  m.,  18  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$111,900.  3  acad.  105  students,  9  sch.  146  schol- 
ars. Pop.  whites  7,401,  slaves  4,685,  free  col'd 
25;  total,  12,111. 

Lexington,  p-t.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  63  n.  by 

v  w.  Augusta,  657  W.     It  has  a  pond  on  its  n.  and 

"  another  on  its  s.  border,  connected  by  a  stream 

which  flows  into  Kennebec  r.    The  soil  is  fertile, 

adapted  to  grain.     It  has   1   saw  m.     Cap.   in 

manufac.  $800.    8  sch.  215  scholars.    Pop.  564. 


Lexihotok,  p-t,  Middlesex  «<>.,  Mass.,  n  n. 
w.  Boston,  451  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  and 
rough,  and  tin-  soil  not  very  fertile,  excepting  on 
the  streams.  Watered  by  brandies  of  Shaw- 
sheen  r.  It  has  some  umntii'artures.  The  \. 
contains  a  Unitarian  and  a  Baptist  church,  and 
about  40  dwellings.  Here  the  first  bhxxl  was 
shed  in  the  revolutionary  war,  April  19th,  1775. 
A  monument,  with  un  appropriate  inscription, 
has  been  erected  at  the  expense  of  the  legisla- 
ture of  Mass.,  on  the  spot  near  which  8  men 
were  killed  by  the  British.  This  event  roused 
the  country  to  arms.  Major  Pitcairn,  the  British 
commander,  was  afterwards  killed  at  the  battle 
of  Bunker  Hill.  It  has  7  stores,  cop.  $13,000;  2 
grist  m.,  1  acad.  25  students,  6  sch.  411  scholars. 
Pop.  1,642. 

Lexington,  p-t.,  Greene  co.,  N.  Y.,  28  w. 
Catskill,  55  s.  w.  Albany,  365  W.  The  surface 
is  mountainous.  Drained  by  Schoharie  creek. 
The  v.  contains  2  churches,  3  stores,  I  tannery, 
and  about  20  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.,  6 
stores,  cap.  $11,500;  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  2 
grist  rn.,  15  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $45,300. 
13  sch.  282  scholars.     Pop.  2,813. 

Lexington,  p-v.,  capital  of  Rockbridge  co., 
Va.,  146  w.  Richmond,  188  W.  Situated  on  an 
elevated  bank,  on  the  w.  side  of  North  river,  a 
branch  of  James  river.  It  contains  a  neat  court 
house,  a  jail,  4  churches — 2  Presbyterian,  1  Bap- 
tist, and  1  Methodist — a  military  institute,  An- 
drew Smith's  Female  Seminary,  11  stores,  170 
dwellings,  and  1,200  inhabitants.  Washington 
College  is  situated  here,  originally  endowed  by 
the  father  of  his  country,  and  additionally  by 
others.  It  was  founded  in  1812.  It  has  a  presi- 
dent and  5  professors,  126  alumni,  94  students, 
and  2,700  vols,  in  its  libraries.  The  commence- 
ment is  on  the  last  Thursday  in  June.  100 
shares  of  stock  of  the  James  River  Company, 
left  by  Washington  to  found  this  college,  yield 
annually  about  $2,500.  The  Virginia  Military 
Institute  is  located  here,  and  has  3  professors,  and 
60  cadets.  It  is  on  the  plan  of  the  U.  S.  Military 
Institution,  at  West  Point,  N.  Y. 

Lexington,  p-v.,  capital  of  Davidson  co.,  N. 
G,  117  w.  Raleigh,  338  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Abbott's  creek,  a  branch  of  Yadkin  r.  It 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  several  stores  and 
dwellings. 

Lexington,  p-v.,  capital  of  Oglethorpe  co., 
Ga.,  70  n.  Milledgeville,  594  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  2  churches — 1  Presbyterian  and 
1  Methodist — 2  academies,  one  of  which  has  a 
building  which  cost  $4,000,  and  has  a  fund  of 
$4,000,  and  is  called,  from  its  founder,  "  Mason 
Academy,"  15  stores,  a  public  library,  and  about 
45  dwellings. 

Lexington,  p-v.,  Lauderdale  co.,  Ala.,  153  n. 
Tuscaloosa,  761  W. 

Lexington,  p-v.,  capital  of  Holmes  co.,  Miss., 
62  n.  Jackson,  997  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side 
of  a  branch  of  Yazoo  r.,  and  contains  a  court 
house  and  several  dwellings. 

Lexington,  p-v.,  capital  of  Henderson  co., 
Tenn.,  117  w.  s.  w.  Nashville,  801  W.  Situated 
on  Beech  r.,  a  branch  of  Tennessee  r.,  and  con- 
tains 1  Cumberland  Presbyterian  and  1  Metho- 
dist church,  1  academy,  7  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1 
saw  m.,  2  tanneries,  32  dwellings,  and  228  in- 
habitants. 

Lexington,  city,  and  capital  of  Fayette  co., 
Ky.,  is  situated  on  a  branch  of  the  Elkhom  r.,  in 
38°  6'  n.  lat.,  and  48°  18'  w.  Ion.,  24  e.  s.  e. 
Frankfort,  85  s.  Cincinnati,  74  e.  Louisville,  522 
W.  Pop.  1820,5,279;  1830,6,404;  1840,  6,997 
It  is  the  oldest  town  in  the  state,  was  formerly 


LEX 


344 


LIB 


the  capital,  and  is  one  of  the  neatest  and  best 
built  places  in  the  western  states.  It  is  regular- 
ly laid  out,  and  some  of  the  streets  are  paved. 
The  main  street  is  80  feet  wide,  and  H  m.  in 
length,  and  the  principal  roads  leading  to  the 
city  are  macadamized,  for  some  distance  from  it. 
Many  of  the  streets  are  bordered  with  fine  shade 
trees,  and  its  environs  are  beautiful,  and  orna- 
mented with  elegant  residences.  There  is  a  pub- 
lic square  near  the  centre  of  the  place,  surround- 
ed by  fine  brick  buildings.  The  city  contains 
about  1,200  dwellings,  and  has  10  churches — 2 
Presbyterian,  1  Campbellite,  1  Episcopal,  1  Bap- 
tist, 1  Methodist,  1  Unitarian,  1  Roman  Catholic, 
and  2  African,  1  of  them  Methodist,  and  the 
other  Baptist.  Among  the  public  buildings  are 
a  court  house  and  jail,  a  splendid  masonic  hall, 
one  of  the  finest  buildings  in  the  state,  the  State 
Lunatic  Asylum,  and  the  Halls  of  Transylvania 
University.  This  university  was  founded  in 
1798,  and  has  a  classical,  medical,  and  law  de- 
partment. It  has  a  president  and  14  professors, 
or  other  instructors.  The  classical  department 
has  about  100  students,  the  law  78,  and  the  medi- 
cal 260,  making  438  in  the  whole.  The  medical 
graduates  of  this  institution  are  more  numerous 
than  those  of  any  similar  institution  in  the  United 
States,  excepting  that  of  Philadelphia.  The 
libraries  of  the  university  amount  to  12,242  vols. 
The  commencement  is  on  the  second  Thursday 
in  September.  There  are  in  the  city,  2  acade- 
mies, and  3  male  and  2  female  schools,  of  a  high 
order.  This  city  is  more  celebrated  for  its  intel 
ligent  and  polished  society,  and  as  an  elegant 
place  of  residence,  than  for  the  bustle  of  busi- 
ness. It  had  in  1840,  2  for.  commission  houses, 
cap.  $35,500;  72  retail  stores,  cap.  $892,285; 
value  of  machinery  produced,  $12,800;  hard- 
ware, cutlery,  &c,  $10,000;  1  woollen  fac,  9 
ropewalks,  cap.  $186,860 ;  3  tanneries,  1  brewery, 
4  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  3  weekly  and  2 
semi-weekly  newspapers,  and  7  periodicals. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $428,340.  1  college,  389  stu- 
dents, 2  acad.  65  students,  12  sch.  686  scholars. 
It  is  said  that  the  name  was  given  to  this  place 
by  the  surveyors,  who,  while  laying  it  out,  re- 
ceived intelligence  of  the  battle  of  Lexington. 
In  1797  it  contained  only  50  houses.  The  coun- 
try around  the  city  is  one  of  the  most  fertile 
districts  in  the  United  States. 

Lexington,  t.,  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1 
tannery,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$23,000.     3  sch.  45  scholars.     Pop.  413. 

Lexington,  t.,  Stark  co.,  O.  It  contains  1 
sch.  27  scholars.     Pop.  1,637. 

Lexington,  p-v.,  Troy  t.,  Richland  co.,  O.,  56 
N.  N.  e.  Columbus,  385  W.  Situated  on  Clear 
fork  of  Mohiccan  cr.,  and  contains  3  churches,  4 
stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  carding  and 
fulling  m.,  80  dwellings  and  about  400  inhabitants. 
Lexington,  p-v.,  capital  of  Scott  co.,  la.,  89 
s.  by  e.  Indianapolis,  577  W.  It  is  situated  on 
the  head  waters  of  Muscatatack  fork  of  White 
r.,  11  miles  w.  of  the  Ohio  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  3  stores,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Lexington,  p-v.,  McLean  co.,  111.,  90  n.  e. 
Springfield,  757  W. 

Lexington,  p-v.,  capital  of  La  Fayette  co., 
Mo.,  132  w.  n.  w.  Jefferson  city,  1,046  W.  It  is 
situated  1£  m.  s.  of  the  Missouri  r.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  a  U.  S.  land  office,  several 
stores  and  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  4 
sch.  145  scholars.    Pop.  2,354. 

Lexington,  C.  H.,  Lexington  dist.,  S.  C,  12  w. 
Columbia,  518  W.  Situated  on  a  small  branch 
of  Saluda  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  an 
academy,  several  stores  and  dwellings. 


Leyden,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  102  w.  N- 
w.  Boston,  412  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous  ; 
soil,  adapted  to  grazing.  Watered  by  Green  r.,  a 
branch  of  Deerfield  r.  Incorporated  in  1809. 
It  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,000 ;  2  grist  m.»  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,000.  5  sch.  250  scholars. 
Pop.  632. 

Leyden,  p-t.,  Lewis  co.,  N.  Y.,  15  s.  Martins- 
burg,  120  n.  w.  Albany,  425  W.  The  surface  is 
hilly ;  soil,  fertile  sandy  loam.  Drained  by 
Moose  and  Black  rivers.  It  has  5  stores,  cap. 
$22,600 ;  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper, 
2  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,015. 
10  sch.  556  scholars.     Pop.  2,433. 

Liberty,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  s.  E.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  660  sq.  miles.  It  has 
the  Atlantic  on  its  s.  e.  border,  and  Altamaha  r. 
on  its  s.  w.  border.  Watered  by  Little  Cannou- 
chee  r.  and  Taylor's  cr.  The  surface  is  level. 
Capital,  Riceboro.'  There  were  in  1810,  neat 
cattle  14,581,  sheep  3,196,  swine  7,539;  Indian 
corn  90,847  bushels  produced,  oats  6,182,  pota- 
toes 88,474,  rice  223,297  pounds,  cotton  1,347,421, 
sugar  8,450  ;  9  stores,  $39,230  ;  7  grist  m.,  6  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,750.  6  acad.  166  stu 
dents,  1  sch.  7  scholars.  Pop.  whites  1,645, 
slaves  5,561,  free  col'd  35  ;  total,  7,241. 

Liberty,  p-t.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  20  e.  Augusta, 
616  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain.  Wa- 
tered by  a  branch  of  St.  George's  r.,  issuing  from 
2  ponds.  Incorporated  in  1827.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $1,400 ;  1  tannery,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $6,900.     6  sch.  321  scholars.     Pop.  895. 

Liberty,  p-t.,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  Y.,  119  s.  w. 
Albany,  304  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous ; 
soil,  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  Collikoon  cr. 
and  other  branches  of  the  Delaware  r.  The  v. 
contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Episcopal  church, 
1  store,  15  dwellings,  and  about  75  inhabitants. 
There  are  in  the  t.  5  stores,  cap.  $9,500 ;  1  ful- 
ling m.,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  17  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $24,500;  11  sch.  583  scholars.  Pop. 
1,569. 

Liberty,  v.,  Conhocton  t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y. 
It  contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist 
church,  3  stores,  40  dwellings,  and  about  300  in- 
habitants. 

Liberty,  p-t.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  123  n.  by  w. 
Harrisburg,  233  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil, 
gravel  and  clay.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $8,500; 
1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  4  grist  m.,  5  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $16,808.  1  sch.  50  scholars. 
Pop.  1,128. 

Liberty,  t.,  Adams  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  distille- 
ries, 4  flouring  m.,  6  saw  m.     Pop.  773. 

Liberty,  t.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is 
chiefly  level ;  soil,  clay.  Drained  by  Chilisqua- 
que  and  Mahoning  creeks.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$7,000  ;  1  distillery,  5  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $2,389.  4  sch.  170  scholars.  Pop. 
1,328. 

Liberty,  t.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1 
grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,000.  6 
sch.  124  scholars.     Pop.  554. 

Liberty,  t.,  McKean  co.,  Pa.  It  has  6  stores, 
cap.  $18,100 ;  1  distillery,  4  grist  m.,  9  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $30,500.  1  sch.  30  scholars. 
Pop.  198. 

Liberty,  p-v.,  capital  of  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  142 
w.  by  s.  Richmond,  217  W.  Situated  on  a 
branch  of  Otter  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  3  churches — 2  Baptist  and  1  Free — a  masonic 
hall,  5  stores,  1  tobacco  fac,  2  tanneries,  70 
dwellings,  and  about  375  inhabitants. 

Liberty,  p-v.,  Hall  co.,  Ga.,  130  n.  n.  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  609  W. 

Liberty,  p-v.,  De    Kalb  co.,  Tenn.,  50  e, 


LIB 


345 


LIC 


Nashville,  631  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of  a 
branch  of  Cany  fork  of  Cumberland  r.  It  has  1 
church,  1  store,  and  several  dwellings. 

Liberty,  p-v.,  capital  of  Casey  co.,  Ky.,  69  s. 
Frankfort,  583  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of 
Green  r.  It  has  a  court  house  and  135  inhabit- 
ants. 

Liberty,  p-v.,  Jefferson  t.,  Montgomery  co., 
O.,  7  w.  Dayton,  75  w.  by  s.  Columbus,  468  W. 
It  contains  1  church,  3  stores,  and  about  350 
inhabitants. 

Liberty,  t.,  Adams  co.,  O.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $1,200;  1  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,048.  1  sch.  50  scholars. 
Pop.  1,498. 

Liberty,  t.,  Butler  co.,  O.  It  has  4  sch.  106 
scholars.     Pop.  1,479. 

Liberty,  t.,  Clinton  co.,  O.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $2,000 ;  1  tannery,  2  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m., 
3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,524.  7  sch.  421 
scholars.     Pop.  1,049. 

Liberty,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  O.  It  has  8  sch. 
590  scholars.     Pop.  1,469. 

Liberty,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  O.  It  has  7  sch. 
170  scholars.     Pop.  811. 

Liberty,  t.,  Fairfield  co.,  O.  The  Ohio  canal 
passes  through  the  t.     Pop.  2,778. 

Liberty,  t.,  Guernsey  co.,  O.  It  has  5  sch. 
176  scholars.     Pop.  702. 

Liberty,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  O.  It  has  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $300.  5  sch.  254  scholars. 
Pop.  592. 

Liberty,  t.,  Hardin  co.,  O.    Pop.  170. 

Liberty,  t.,  Highland  co.,  O.  It  has  88  stores, 
cap.  $150,000;  7  fulling  m.,  28  tanneries,  1  dis- 
tillery, 3  potteries,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
newspapers,  7  flouring  m.,  25  grist  m.,  24  saw  m., 
3  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $45,337.  2  acad.  150 
students,  12  sch.  800  scholars.     Pop.  3,521. 

Liberty,  t.,  Jackson  co.,  O.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $150 ;  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $200.    Pop.  474. 

Liberty,  t.,  Knox  co.,  O.  It  abounds  with 
yellow  poplar,  which  is  nearly  equal  to  white 
pine.  The  v.  called  Mount  Liberty  contains  2 
stores,  and  12  or  15  dwellings.    Pop.  1,205. 

Liberty,  t.,  Licking  co.,  O.  It  has  10  sch. 
439  scholars.    Pop.  1,115. 

Liberty,  t.,  Logan  co.,  O.  It  has  5  sch.  150 
scholars.    Pop.  808. 

Liberty,  t.,  Seneca  co.,  Ohio.  It  has  1  store, 
1  distillery,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Capital  in 
manufac.  $785.  7  schools,  221  scholars.  Pop. 
1,084. 

Liberty,  t.,  Van  Wert  co.,  O.    Pop.  117. 

Liberty,  p-t.,  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  79  w.  De- 
troit, 539  W.   It  has  2  sch.  45  scholars.   Pop.  525. 

Liberty,  p-v.,  capital  of  Union  co.,  la.,  72  e. 
by  s.  Indianapolis,  515  W.  Situated  on  the  e. 
side  of  Silver  cr.,  a  branch  of  Whitewater  r.  It 
contains  a  brick  court  house,  an  academy,  4 
stores,  a  steam  saw  m.,  and  about  500  inhabit- 
ants. 

Liberty,  t.,  Grant  co.,  la.    Pop.  500. 

Liberty,  t.,  Henry  co.,  la.  It  has  3  sch.  83 
scholars.    Pop.  1,813. 

Liberty,  t.,  Shelby  co.,  la.    Pop.  767. 

Liberty,  t.,  Wabash  co.,  la.  It  has  1  sch.  25 
scholars.    Pop.  471. 

Liberty,  p-v.,  Adams  co.,  111.,  90  w.  Spring- 
field, 870  W. 

Liberty,  p-v.,  capital  of  Clay  co.,  Mo.,  159  w. 
N.  w.  Jefferson  city,  1,072  W.  It  contains  5 
churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Dutch  Reformed,  1 
Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Roman  Catholic — 2 
academies,  14  stores,  and  1,127  inhabitants. 

Liberty,  p-v.,  capital  of  Amite  co.,  Miss.,  101 
44 


s.  s.  w.  Jackson,  1,101  W.  Situated  on  the  e. 
side  of  the  w.  fork  of  Amite  r.,  and  contains  a 
court  house  and  several  dwellings. 

Liberty,  t.,  Callaway  co.,  Mo.  It  has  2  sch. 
56  scholars.     Pop.  866. 

Liberty,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch. 
20  scholars.     Pop.  265. 

Liberty,  t.,  Macon  co.,  Mo.  It  has  3  sch.  70 
scholars.    Pop.  1,107. 

Liberty,  t.,  Madison  co.,  Mo.  It  has  2  sch. 
31  scholars.     Pop.  424. 

Liberty,  t.,  Marion  co.,  Mo.  It  has  4  sch.  155 
scholars.    Pop.  2,159. 

Liberty,  t.,  St.  Francis  co.,  Mo.  It  has  2  sch. 
60  scholars.    Pop.  606. 

Liberty,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Mo.  It  has  2 
sch.  56  scholars.    Pop.  747. 

Liberty,  t.,  Jackson  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1  dis- 
tillery, 2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,250.  2 
sch.  45  scholars.     Pop.  525. 

Liberty,  p-t.,  Pope  co.,  Ark.,  93  n.  w.  Little 
Rock,  1,158  W.    Pop.  300. 

Liberty  Corners,  p-o.,  Somerset  co.,  N.  J.. 
40  n.  Trenton,  211  W.  It  contains  a  store,  and 
about  25  dwellings . 

Liberty  Hall,  p-o.,  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  79  s. 
Tuscaloosa,  869  W. 

Liberty  Hall,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Va.,  291 
w.  by  s.  Richmond,  356  W. 

Liberty  Hall,  p-o.,  Newberry  dist.,  S.  C,  57 
w.  n.  w.  Columbia,  491  W. 

Liberty  Hill,  p-o.,  New  London  co.,  Ct. 

Liberty  Hill,  p-o.,  Iredell  co.,  N.  C,  175  w. 
Raleigh,  383  W. 

Liberty  Hill,  p-o.,  Kershaw  dist.,  S.  C,  55 
n.  e.  Columbia,  482  W. 

Liberty  Mills,  p-v.,  Orange  co.,  Va.,  79  n.  w. 
Richmond,  100  W. 

Liberty  Mills,  p-o.,  Wabash  co.,  la.,  115  n. 
by  e.  Indianapolis,  604  W. 

Liberty  Town,  p-v.,  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  70 
n.  w.  Annapolis,  55  W. 

Libertyville,  p-o.,  New  Paltz  t.,  Ulster  co., 
N.  Y.,  78  s.  by  w.  Albany,  308  W.  Situated  on 
the  bank  of  the  Wallkill,  and  contains  1  store,  1 
grist  m.,  1  fulling  m.  and  carding  machine. 

Libertyville,  p-v.,  Sussex  co.,  N.  J.,  90  n. 
Trenton,  259  W.  Situated  3  ms.  E.  of  Blue  moun- 
tain. 

Libertyville,  _p-o.,  Lake  co.,  111.,  239  n.  n. 
e.  Springfield,  745  W. 

Lick  Creek,  p-o.,  Clinton  co.,  Ky.,  128  s 
Frankfort,  600  W. 

Lick  Creek,  p-o.,  Hickman  co.,  Tenn.,  40  s. 
w.  Nashville,  724  W. 

Lick,  t.,  Jackson  co.,  O.  Named  from  a  salt 
lick  within  its  limits.  It  has  10  stores,  capital 
$12,200  ;  2  tanneries.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,150. 
2  sch.  53  scholars.    Pop.  822. 

Licking,  r.,  Ky.,  rises  in  Floyd  co.,  and  after 
a  course  of  180  ms.  falls  into  the  Ohio  r.  at  New- 

rt,  opposite  to  Cincinnati.  It  is  navigable  for 
0  miles. 

Licking,  r.,  O.,  a  large  w.  branch  of  Muskin- 
gum r.,  formed  by  the  union  of  3  principal  branch- 
es, near  Newark.  It  furnishes  extensive  water 
power,  particularly  by  a  dam  at  its  mouth. 

Licking,  county,  O.  Situated  a  little  s.  e.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  666  sq.  miles. 
The  surface  is  an  elevated  table  land.  The  soil 
is  very  fertile.  Watered  by  Licking  r.  and  its 
branches,  a  branch  of  Muskingum  r.,  which  afford 
extensive  water  power.  Iron  ore  is  extensively 
found.  The  Ohio  canal  passes  through  the  co. 
Capital,  Newark.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 31,354,  sheep  53,419,  swine  45,504:  wheat 
546,471  bushels  produced,  rye  9,184,  Indian  corn 


K 


LIM 


346 


LIV 


831  794  buckwheat  15,735,  oats  465,392,  potatoes 
107241,'  tobacco  121,693  pounds,  sugar  102,383  ; 
11  commission  houses,  cap.  $44,000;  103  stores, 
cap.  $318,295;  1  furnace,  6  fulling  m  3  woollen 
fac  21  tanneries,  5  distilleries,  1  brewery,  13 
flouring  m.,  23  grist  m.,  72  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.  3 
printing  offices,  4  weekly  newspapers  Cap.  m 
manufac.  $319,565.  5  acad.  d5d  students,  129 
sch.  6,017  scholars.     Pop.  35  096 

Licking,  t.,  Licking  co.,  O.  Situated  on  the 
national  road,  and  contains  the  v.  of  Jackson.  It 
has  2  sch.  107  scholars.     Pop.  1,215. 

Licking,  t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.  Situated  on 
the  Ohio  canal.  It  contains  2  churches,  and  2 
large  ancient  mounds. 

Licking,  p  o.,  Fleming  co.,  Ky.,  85  e.  by  n. 
Frankfort,  487  W.  **.*.« 

Licking  Creek,  t.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.  It  has  * 
stores,  cap.  $9,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  printing  office, 
1  weekly  newspaper,  4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $6,950.     Pop.  824 

Licking  Grove,  p-o.,  Pendleton  co.,  Ky.,  63 
n.  e.  Frankfort,  514  W.  ■      ■ 

Licking  Station,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  Ky.,  1W 
e.  by  s.  Frankfort,  479  W. 

Licking  Valley,  p-o.,  Kenton  co.,  Ky. 
Lickville,  p-v.,  Greenville  dist.,  S.O.,  10b  N. 
w.  by  w.  Columbia,  519  W. 

Light's  Corners,  p-o.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  25  e. 
Augusta,  621  W.  . 

Light  Street,  p-o.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa. 
Ligonier,  p-t.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  149  w, 
Harrisburg,  175  W.  Situated  in  a  valley.  Soil, 
calcareous  loam.  Drained  by  Loyahanna  creek 
and  its  branches.  The  v.  contains  1  Presbyte- 
rian and  1  Methodist  church,  3  stores,  1  tannery, 
1  sch.  50  scholars,  about  35  dwellings,  and  294 
inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  2  tanneries,  1 
distillery,  4  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man 
ufac.  $16,668.  9  sch.  324  scholars.  Pop.  2,201. 
Lilesville,  p-v.,  Anson  co.,  N.  C,  141  s.  w. 
by  w.  Raleigh,  417  W. 

Lima,  p-t.,  Livingston  co.,  N.  Y.,  213  w.  Alba- 
ny, 399  W.  The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  a  fertile 
clay  and  calcareous  loam.  Drained  by  Honeoye 
cr.  and  its  tributaries.  The  v.  contains  1  Pres- 
byterian and  1  Methodist  church,  the  Genesee 
Wesleyan  Seminary,  4  stores,  100  dwellings,  and 
about  600  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  7 
stores,  cap.  $26,075 ;  1  furnace,  1  fulling  m.,  1 
tannery,  2  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $23,420.  1  acad.  550  students,  9  sch. 
250  scholars.     Pop.  2,176. 

Lima,  p-v.,  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  88  e.  s.  e.  Har- 
risburg, 122  W. 

Lima,  p-v.,  capital  of  Allen  co.,  O.,  101  n.  w. 
by  w.  Columbus,  472  W.  Situated  on  Ottawa 
r.,  20  ms.  from  its  mouth.  It  contains  3  churches, 
a  U.  S.  land  office,  8  stores,  and  about  600  in- 
habitants. 

Lima,  t.,  Licking  co.,  O.  It  has  5  schools  262 
scholars.    Pop.  739. 

Lima,  p-t.,  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  51  w.  De- 
troit, 539  W.     The  v.  is  situated  on  a  branch  of 


$8,405.  1  college  60  students,  1  acad.  80  students, 

3  sch.  75  scholars.     Pop.  534. 

Limber  Lost,  p-o.,  Adams  co.,  la. 

Limanville,  p-v.,  Stark  co.,  O.,  144  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 307  W. 

Lime  Creek,  p-o.,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  8b  s 
w.  Detroit,  515  W. 

LiMERicKj-t.,  York  co.,  Me.,  76  s.  w.  Augus- 
ta, 535  W.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Watered  by  Lit- 
tle Ossipee  river.  The  v.  contains  an  academy. 
Chartered  in  1787.  It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $21,000  ; 
1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  3  grist  m., 

4  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,650.     1  acad.  130 
students,  613  scholars  in  schools.     Pop.  1,508. 

Limerick,  p-v.,  Brownville  t.,  Jefferson  co., 
N.  Y.,  172  n.  w.  Albany,  424  W.  Situated  on 
Perch  river,  and  contains  2  stores,  1  saw  m.,  35 
dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Limerick,  p-t.,  Montgomery  co, 
Harrisburg,  167  W.     Schuylkill  r.  r 
w.  border.     It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,500  ;  1  lum- 
ber yard,  cap.  $3,000  ;  1  tannery.    Cap.  in  man- 
Pop  * 


Pa.,  78  e. 
Schuylkill  r.  runs  on  its  s. 


ufac.  $5,125. 


Mill  cr.,  and  contains  2  stores  and  several  dwell- 
ings. There  are  in  the  t.  2  stores,  cap.  $7,000 ;  1 
saw  m.  .      _  , , 

Lima,  p-v.,  Adams  co.,  111.,  122  w.  Springfield, 
902  W.     It  contains  10  or  12  dwellings. 

Lima,  p-v.,  capital  of  La  Grange  co.,  la.,  17o 
N.  by  e.  Indianapolis,  578  W.  It  is  situated  in  the 
s.  w.  corner  of  Mongoquinong  prairie,  on  the  n. 
bank  of  Pigeon  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  2  churches— 1  Methodist,  1  Presbyterian— o 
stores,  1  sch.  30  scholars,  and  178  inhabitants. 
There  are  in  the  t.  9  stores,  cap.  $33,250 ;  1  tan- 
nery, 1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufactures 


1,786. 
Lime  Rock,  p-v.,  Smithfield  t.,  Providence  co., 
R.  I.,  10  n.  Providence,  410  W.     It  contains  a 
bank,  a  church,  several  stores  and  dwellings. 
Lime  Ridge,  p-o.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa. 
Lime  Rock,  p-o.,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct.,  47  w.  Hart- 
ford, 339  W. 

Limestone,  county,  Ala.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  575  sq.  ms.  Ten- 
nessee r.  runs  on  its  s.  border.  Watered  by  Elk 
r.  and  its  branches,  Swan  r.,  Pmey  and  Lime- 
stone crs.  Capital,  Athens.  There  were  m  1840, 
neat  cattle  10,740,  sheep  9,050,  swine  45,821; 
wheat  32,599  bush,  produced,  rye  2,373,  Ind.  corn 
980,240,  oats  113,615,  potatoes  29,560,  tobacco 
15,512  pounds,  cotton  5,772,948 ;  11  stores,  cap. 
$98,355  ;  3  tanneries,  9  distilleries,  20  grist  m.,  10 
saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $28,415.  5  acad.  155  students, 
23  sch.  683  scholars.  Pop.  whites  7,498,  slaves 
6,840,  free  col'd  36  ;  total,  14,374. 

Limestone,  t.,  Clinton  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  grist 
m.    Pop.  200. 

Limestone,  t.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  10  n.  w.  Dan- 
ville. The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  calcareous  loam. 
Watered  by  Chilisquaque  cr.  and  Limestone  run. 
It  has  1  store,  cap.  $15,000;  1  tannery,  1  distil- 
lery, 1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,150.  4  sch. 
180  scholars.     Pop.  646. 

Limestone,  t.,  Warren  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  saw 
m     Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,000.    3  sch.  26  scholars. 

Pop- 129.  •  D        T*  !        o 

Limestone,  t.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.  It  has  l 
stores,  cap.  $7,000 ;  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1 
grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,200.  4 
sch.  125  scholars.     Pop.  800. 

Limestone,  p-v.,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  154  w. 
n.  w.  Harrisburg,  262  W. 

Limestone,  p-o.,  Buncombe  co.,  IS.  C,  2bo  w. 
by  s.  Raleigh,  496  W. 

Limestone,  p-o.,  Houston  co.,  Ga. 
Milledgeville,  724  W. 

Limestone,  p-o.,  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn. 
e.  Nashville,  531  W. 

Limestone  Springs,  p-o.,  Spartanburg  dist., 
S.  C,  93  N.  w.  Columbia,  450  W. 

Limestone  Wells,  p-o.,  Stokes  co.,  N.  C,  10J 
w.  n.  w.  Raleigh,  314  W. 

Livingston,  p-t,,  York  co.,  Me.,  70  s.  w.  Au- 
gusta, 541  W.  Saco  r.  bounds  it  on  the  n.  e., 
and  Little  Ossipee  r.  on  the  s.  e.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Incorporated  in  1762.  It  has  7  stores,  cap. 
$13,200 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $15,070.  18  sch.  347  scholars.  Pop. 
2,210. 


67  s.  w. 
144  s. 


LIN 


347 


LIN 


Lincoln,  county,  Me.  Situated  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  950  sq.  ms.  Watered 
h\  Kennebec,  Sheepscot,  Damariscotta,  Muscon* 
gas,  and  St.  George  rs.  The  Atlantic  hounds  it 
on  the  s.,  having  many  inlets,  forming  many  fine 
harbors.  The  soil  is  productive,  but  the  principal 
attention  is  directed  to  commerce,  the  coasting 
trade,  and  the  fisheries.  Capitals,  Wiscasset, 
Topsham,  and  Warren.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  39,904,  sheep  71,473,  swine  12,066 ; 
wheat  27,813  bush,  produced,  rye  10,534,  Indian 
corn  104,868,  barley  83.265,  oats  42,320,  potatoes 
1,143,407 ;  14  commercial  houses  in  foreign  trade, 
cap.  $422,926  ;  385  stores,  cap.  $695,230 ;  13  lum- 
ber yards,  cap.  $71,050 ;  cap.  invested  in  fisheries, 
$187,906 ;  27  fulling  m.,  3  furnaces,  47  tanneries, 
2  potteries,  2  flouring  m.,  66  grist  m.,  178  saw  m., 

1  paper  fac,  4  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  4  week- 
ly newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,251,323.  1 
college,  17  students,  12  acad.  586  students,  360 
sch.  18,936  scholars.     Pop.  63,517. 

Lincoln,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  toward  the 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,200  sq.  miles. 
Great  Catawba  r.  runs  on  its  e.  border.  Watered 
by  Little  Catawba  r.  and  its  branches,  and  Dutch- 
man's and  Buffalo  crs.,  the  last  of  which  flows 
into  Broad  r.  Capital,  Lincolnton.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  26,573,  sheep  18,099,  swine 
45,838;  wheat  185,373  bush,  produced,  rye  6,810, 
oats  84,324,  potatoes  42,869,  tobacco  25,000  pounds, 
cotton  1,479,396;  30  stores,  cap.  $175,500;  1  full- 
ing m.,  1  cotton  fac.  1,284  sp.,  20  tanneries,  356 
distilleries,  3  potteries,  56  flouring  m.,  90  grist  m., 
75  saw  m.,  7  oil  m.,  1  paper  fac,  2  printing  offices, 

2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $89,760. 
5  acad.  162  students,  80  sch.  1,925  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  19,658,  slaves  5,386,  free  col'd  116  ;  total, 
25,160. 

Lincoln,  county,  Ga.  Situated  toward  tbye  n. 
e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  220  sq.  ms.  Sa- 
vannah r.  runs  on  its  n.  e.  border,  and  Little  r.  on 
its  s.  border.  Watered  by  Fishing  and  Soap  crs., 
which  flow  into  the  Savannah.  Capital,  Lincoln- 
ton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,039,  sheep 
2,130,  swine  19,951 ;  wheat  14,148  bush,  prod., 
Ind.  corn  97,187,  oats  23,484,  potatoes  3,633,  cot- 
ton 3,206,799  pounds ;  7  stores,  cap.  $19,300 ;  3 
acad.  125  students,  12  sch.  362  schol's.  Pop.  whites 
2,527,  slaves  3,339,  free  colored  29 ;  total,  5,895. 

Lincoln,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  s. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  650  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Elk  r.  and  its  branches.  Capital,  Fayette- 
ville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  20,718, 
sheep  22,058,  swine  98,665 ;  wheat  104,557  bush, 
produced,  rye  8,805,  Indian  corn  1,436,575,  oats 
239,896,  potatoes  29,029,  tobacco  24,182  pounds, 
cotton  484,518,  sugar  19,381 ;  21  stores,  capital 
$111,000;  1  cotton  fac.  126  sp.,  14  tanneries,  87 
distilleries,  12  flouring  m.,  40  grist  m.,  22  saw  m., 
1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $92,324.  4  acad  135  students,  41  sch. 
1,244  scholars.  Pop.  whites  17,217,  slaves  4,221, 
free  col'd  55  ;  total,  21,493. 

Lincoln,  county,  Ky.  Situated  a  little  e.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  432  sq.  miles. 
Drained  by  Dick's  r.  and  its  branches,  tributary 
of  Kentucky  r.,  and  by  head  branches  of  Green 
r.  The  surface  is  an  elevated  table  land.  Capi- 
tal, Stanford.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
14,445,  sheep  17,544,  swine  23,525  ;  wheat  38,885 
bush,  produced,  rye  21,981,  Indian  corn  455,280, 
oats  95,927,  potatoes  11.017,  sugar  9,834  pounds  ; 
8  stores,  cap.  $60,200 ;  7  tanneries,  4  distilleries, 
5  flouring  m.,  5  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  3  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $45,476.  3  acad.  150  students,  5  sen. 
153  scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,582,  slaves  3,450, 
free  col'd  155  ;  total,  10,187. 


Lincoln,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  576  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Cuivre  r.  and  its  branches.  Capital,  Troy. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,066,  iheep 
8,198,  swine  22,800;  wheat  27,321  bush,  prod., 
Ind.  corn  347,225,  oats  48,382,  potatoes  12,560, 
tobacco  519,659  pounds,  sugar  18,063  ;  23  stores, 
cap.  $120,440 ;  5  tanneries,  10  distilleries,  5  flour- 
ing m.,  22  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $114,795.  1  acad.  72  students,  11  sch. 
277  scholars.  Pop.  whites  5,873,  slaves  1,572,  free 
col'd  4  ;  total,  7,449. 

Lincoln,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  117  n.  n.  e. 
Augusta,  712  W.  Penobscot  r.  bounds  it  on  the 
n.  w.  Watered  by  Matanaucook  r.  The  soil  is 
very  fertile.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $7,500 ;  1  tan- 
nery, 1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$900.     11  sch.  401  scholars.    Pop.  1.121. 

Lincoln,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  62  n.  by  w. 
Concord,  543  W.  The  surface  is  mounlainous. 
Drained  by  Pemigewasset  r.  and  its  branch,  Mer- 
rimac  r.    It  has  3  schools,  34  scholars.    Pop.  76. 

Lincoln,  p-t.,  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  55  s.  w.  Mont- 
pelier,  495  W.  Chartered  in  1780,  but  not  set- 
tled until  1790.  The  surface  is  uneven.  Water- 
ed by  New  Haven  r.,  and  a  branch  of  Mud  r. 
Settled  originally  by  Friends,  who  have  a  church. 
It  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,000 ;  3  forges,  7  saw  m. 
Capital  in  manufac.  $3,500.  8  sch.  310  scholars. 
Pop.  770. 

Lincoln,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  16  w.  by 
n.  Boston,  434  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  and 
rough ;  soil,  various,  from  the  poorest  to  the  best. 
Bounded  w.  by  Sudbury  r.,  a  branch  of  Concord 
r.  Drained  by  a  branch  of  Charles  r.,  issuing 
from  a  pond  near  its  centre.  It  contains  1  Con- 
gregational church,  2  stores,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000.  4  sch.  200  scholars. 
Pop.  686. 

Lincoln,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.,  O.,  44  n.  Colum- 
bus, 405  W.  It  has  6  sch.  106  scholars.  Pop. 
549. 

Lincoln,  p-v.,  Macoupin  co.,  HI.,  59  s.  by  w. 
Springfield,  799  W.  Situated  near  the  head  of 
Woodr. 

Lincoln,  p-v ,  Yazoo  co.,  Miss.,  40  n.  w. 
Jackson,  1,029  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of 
Yazoo  r. 

Lincoln  Centre,  p-o.,  Lincoln  t.,  Penobscot 
co.,  Me.,  119  n.  e.  Augusta.  714  W. 

Lincolnton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Lincoln  co.,  N. 
C,  172  w.  by  s.  Raleigh.  409  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  Little  Catawba  r.  It  contains  3 
churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Lutheran,  and  1 
Methodist — 2  academies,  9  stores,  85  dwellings, 
and  836  inhabitants.  There  are  several  impor- 
tant mills  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  iron,  and 
paper,  in  the  vicinity. 

Lincolnton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ga., 
98  N.  E.  Milledgeville,  566  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  a  Baptist  church,  several  stores, 
and  about  15  dwellings. 

Lincolnville,  p-t.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  10  s. 
Belfast,  49  E.  by  s.  Augusta,  63S  W.  Penobscot 
r.  is  on  its  e.  border.  There  is  a  large  pond  on 
its  s.  w.  border,  from  which  flows  Megunticook 
r.  It  has  a  fine  harbor  in  its  n.  part,  called  Duck 
Trap,  where  ducks  were  formerly  found  and 
killed  in  great  numbers.  It  has  considerable 
coasting  trade.  The  t.  contains  10  stores,  cap. 
$4,300  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  7  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,167.  J  acad.  30  stu- 
dents, 15  sch.  728  scholars.    Pop.  2,048. 

Linden,  p-o.,  Genesee  co.,  N.  Y,  250  w.  by 
N.Albany,  368  W.  .■ 

Linden,  p-v.,  capital  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  80 
s.  by  w.  Tuscaloosa,  892  W.     Situated  on  the 


LIN 


348 


LIS 


s.  side  of  Chickasaw  bogue  cr.,  and  8  ms.  B.  of 
Tombigbee  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  and 
several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Linden,  p-o.,  Clark  co.,  Miss.,  155  E.  by  s. 
Jackson,  966  W. 

Lindley's  p-o.,  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  166  w.  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  708  W. 

Lindley's  Mills,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Pa., 
233  w.  Harrisburg,  247  W. 

Lindley's  Store,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C,  47 
N.  w.  Raleigh,  305  W. 

Lindley,  t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  25  s.  e.  Bath, 
221  e.  s.  e.  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil, 
clay  and  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Tioga  r. 
The  Corning  and  Blossburg  railroad  passes 
through  the  t.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $18,000 ;  1 
grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $19,855.  3 
sch.  135  scholars.    Pop.  633. 

Lindleytown,  p-o.,  Lindley  t.,  Steuben  co., 
N.  Y.,  229  w.  by  s.  Albany,  270  W. 

Lindsey,  t.,  Benton  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch.  30 
scholars.    Pop.  811. 

Lindsayville,  p-o.,  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  23  e. 
Nashville,  669  W. 

Lindsayville,  p-v.,  Oswego  co.,  N.  Y.,  174 
w.  N.  w.  Albany,  400  W. 

Line  Creek,  p-o.,  Greenville  dist.,  S.  C,  100 
N.  w.  by  w.  Columbia,  525  W. 

Line  Creek,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Ala.,  138 
s.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  839  W. 

Line  Lexington,  p-v.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  93  E. 
Harrisburg,  162  W.  It  lies  partly  in  3  towns  and 
2  counties,  and  contains  12  or  14  dwellings. 

Line  Mills,  p-o.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  249  n.  w. 
by  w.  Harrisburg,  315  W. 

Line  Store,  p-o.,  Hinds  co.,  Miss.,  22  s.  by 
w.  Jackson,  1,032  W. 

Linglestown,  p-v.,  Lower  Paxton  t,  Dauphin 
co.,  Pa.,  8  n.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  118  W.  It  con- 
tains a  Lutheran  church,  2  stores,  and  about  25 
dwellings. 

Linklaen,  p-t.,  Chenango  co.,  N.  Y.,  122  w. 
Albany,  336  W.  The  surface  is  undulating; 
soil,  argillaceous  loam.  Drained  by  branches  of 
Ostelic  r.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,400 ;  1  fulling 
m.,  2  tanneries,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$3,150.    9  sch.  354  scholars.     Pop.  1,249. 

Linn,  county,  Iowa.  Situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  ter.,  and  contains  720  sq.  ms.  Organized 
in  1837.  Drained  by  Wabesipinica  r.  and  Buf- 
falo cr.,  and  Cedar  fork  of  Iowa  r.  The  surface 
is  gently  undulating;  soil,  very  fertile.  Capital, 
Marion.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  1,491, 
sheep  259,  swine  2,523  ;  wheat  5,908  bush,  pro- 
duced, Ind.  corn  24,654,  oats  2,993,  potatoes 
5,669,  sugar  4,804  pounds ;  6  stores,  cap.  $15,300 ; 
4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,005.  1  sch.  12 
scholars.     Pop.  1,373. 

Linn,  county,  Mo.  Situated  toward  the  N. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  588  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
by  Locust  and  Yellow  creeks.  Capital,  Linneus. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,434,  sheep 
1,219,  swine  6,076  ;  wheat  2,834  bush,  produced, 
Ind.  corn  47,175,  oats  4,584,  potatoes  1,600,  to- 
bacco 7,012  pounds ;  4  stores,  cap.  1,806.  Pop. 
whites  2,102,  slaves  143  ;  total,  2,245. 

Linneus,  p-t.,   Aroostook    co.,  Me.,  S  s.  w. 
Houlton,  190  n.  N.  E.  Augusta,  785  W.    Drained 
by  a  branch  of  Matawamkeag  r.    Incorporated 
in  1837.    The  soil  is  fertile.    It  has  1  grist  m 
saw  m.,  2  sch.  134  scholars.     Pop.  311. 

Linneus,  p-v.,  capital  of  Linn  co.,  Mo.,  136  n. 
w.  by  N.  Jefferson  city,  1,030  W. 

Linnville,  p-v.,  Bowling  Green  t.,  Licking  co., 
O.,  35  e.  Columbus,  358  W.  Situated  on  the 
national  road,  and  contains  1  church,  2  stores 
25  dwellings,  and  about  150  inhabitants. 


Linnville,  p-v.,  Jefferson  co.,  Mo.,  112  e# 
Jefferson  city,  851  W. 

Linnville  Creek,  p-o.,  Rockingham  co.,  Va., 
136  n.  w.  Richmond,  135  W. 

Linnville  River,  p-o.,  Burke  co.,  N.  C,  209 
w.  Raleigh,  439  W. 

Linton,  t.,  Coshocton  co.,  O.  Organized  in 
1811,  and  contains  the  v.  of  Plainfield.  There 
are  1  store,  cap.  $2,000  ;  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Pop.  1,196. 

Linton,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  la.,  87  s.  w.  Indian- 
apolis, 654  W. 

Lionville,  p-v.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  71  e.  by  s. 
Harrisburg,  127  W. 

Lipona,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Flor.,  15  e.  Talla- 
hassee, 911  W. 

Lippit,  p-o.,  Kent  co.,  R.  I.,  11  Providence, 
401  W. 

Liscomb's,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C,  36  n.  w. 
Raleigh,  278  W. 

Lisbon,  p-t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  33  s.  s.  w.  Augus- 
ta, 572  W.  Androscoggin  r.  runs  on  its  s.  w. 
border,  and  has  here  considerable  falls.  A 
bridge  crosses  the  r.  to  Durham.  It  has  2  fulling 
m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,600.  11  sch.  439  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,532. 

Lisbon,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  89  n.  n.  w 
Concord,  534  W.  Watered  by  Great  Ammonoo- 
suc  r.  and  its  branches.  The  soil  on  the  streams 
is  fertile,  but  in  other  parts  various.  Iron  ore  and 
limestone  are  found.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$13,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery, 
2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $168,750. 
13  sch.  687  scholars.     Pop.  1,682. 

Lisbon,  p-t.,  New  London  co.,  Ct.,  7  n.  Nor- 
wich, 43  s.  E.  Hartford,  361  W.  The  surface  is 
uneven  and  hilly  ;  soil,  gravelly  loam,  with  some 
alluvial  soil  on  the  rs.  Watered  by  Quinnebaug 
and  Shetucket  rivers,  which  unite  at  its  s.  part, 
taking  the  name  of  the  latter.  It  has  2  parishes, 
with  each  a  Congregational  church.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $2,600  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
1  cotton  fac.  1,036  sp.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $20,400.  9  sch.  345  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,052. 

Lisbon,  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  w. 
Canton,  218  n.  n.  w.  Albany,  485  W.  The  surface 
is  undulating;  soil,  fertile  loam.  Drained  by 
Grass  r.  St.  Lawrence  r.  bounds  it  on  the  n.  w. 
It  has  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,360.  23 
sch.  796  scholars.     Pop.  3,508. 

Lisbon,  p-v.,  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  56  n.  w. 
Annapolis,  60  W. 

Lisbon,  p-o.,  Clermont  co.,  O.,  109  s.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 480  W. 

Lisbon,  p-v.,  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  150  w.  by  s. 
Richmond,  225  W. 

Lisbon,  p-v.,  La  Salle  co.,  111.,  154  n.  n.  e. 
Springfield,  772  W. 

Lisbon,  v.,  capital  of  Calcasieu  par.,  La.  Situa- 
ted on  the  E.  side  of  Calcasieu  r.  It  contains  1 
store. 

Lisburn,  p-v.,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  9  s.  w. 
Harrisburg,  107  W.  Situated  on  Yellow  Breech- 
es cr. 

Lisburn,  p-v.,  Sampson  co.,  N.  C,  113  s.  s.  e 
Raleigh,  343  W. 

Lisle,  p-t.,  Broome  co.,  N.  Y.,  133  w.  s.  w. 
Albany,  310  W.  The  surface  is  undulating  ;  soil, 
clay  and  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Toughnioga 
r.  and  its  tributaries.  It  has  6  stores,  cap. 
$17,000  ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  10 
sawm.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,150.  11  sch.  542 
Situated  on  the  |  scholars.    Pop.  1,560. 

Lisle,  p-v.,  Gasconade  co.,  Mo.,  10  s.  e.  Jef- 
ferson city,  926  W. 


LIT 


349 


LIT 


Liston,  p-o.,  Wabash  co.,  la. 

Litchfield,  county,  Ct.  Situated  in  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  8S5  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  elevated,  and  in  some  parts  mountain- 
ous ;  soil,  generally  gravelly  loam,  and  fertile. 
Watered  by  Housatonic  r.  and  its  branches,  and 
branches  of  Naugatuck  and  Farmington  rivers, 
which  afford  extensive  water  power.  Iron  ore  is 
found  in  Salisbury  and  Kent,  and  extensively 
manufactured.  Capital,  Litchfield.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  52,749,  sheep  119,990,  swine 
30,421 ;  wheat  23,574  bush,  produced,  rye  128,143, 
Ind.  corn  219,278,  buckwheat  59,625,  oats  316,687, 
potatoes  568,880,  silk  cocoons  755  pounds,  sugar 
42,354;  131  stores,  cap.  $576,930;  14  furnaces, 
36  forges,  cap.  employed  $413,500  ;  34  fulling  m., 
18  woollen  fac,  5  cotton  fac.  6,334  sp.,  49  tanne- 
ries, 6  distilleries,  49  grist  m.,  139  saw  m.,  1  oil  m., 
2  paper  fac,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspa- 
pers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $994,247.  12  acad.  480 
students,  282  sch.  9,667  scholars.     Pop.  40,448. 

Litchfield,  p-t.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  11  s.  s. 
w.  Augusta,  534  W.  Watered  by  branches  of 
Cobbeseconte  r.,  which  runs  on  its  n.  e.  border, 
proceeding  from  a  large  pond  in  the  n.  w.  part  of 
the  t.  The  soil  is  fertile.  It  has  6  stores,  cap. 
$6,600  ;  3  grist  m.,  2  sawm.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$3,558.     17  sch.  952  scholars.     Pop.  2,293. 

Litchfield,  t.,  Hillsboro'  co.,  N.  H.,  30  s.  by 
E.  Concord.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Merrimac 
r.,  across  which  are  2  ferries.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Organized  in  1734.     It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $15,000 ; 

1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,495. 
5  sch.  161  scholars.     Pop.  480. 

Litchfield,  p-t.,  capital  of  Litchfield  co.,  Ct., 
100  n.  n.  E.  New  York,  32  w.  Hartford,  326  W. 
The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  a  strong  gravelly 
loam,  well  adapted  to  grazing.  Incorporated  in 
1724.  Watered  by  head  branches  of  Shepaug 
and  Naugatuck  rivers,  which  afford  water  power. 
In  its  s.  w.  part  is  the  largest  pond  in  the  state, 
containing  900  acres.  The  v.  is  pleasantly  situ- 
ated on  the  summit  of  a  hill,  principally  built  on 

2  streets,  crossing  each  other  at  right  angles,  at 
the  intersection  of  which  is  a  handsome  square. 
It  contains  a  neat  court  house,  jail,  1  Congrega- 
tional and  1  Episcopal  church,  a  female  acade- 
my, one  of  the  oldest,  and  long  the  most  celebra- 
ted in  the  state,  a  branch  of  the  Phoenix  Bank  of 
Hartford,  2  printing  offices,  80  dwellings,  and 
about  500  inhabitants.  A  law  school  was  estab- 
lished here  in  1784,  by  Hon.  Tapping  Reeve, 
with  whom  was  afterwards  associated  the  Hon. 
James  Gould,  which  was  long  the  most  celebrated 
in  the  United  States,  and  which  has  been  discon- 
tinued since  the  death  of  its  distinguished  con- 
ductors. Many  of  the  principal  civilians  in  the 
United  States  have  been  educated  at  this  school. 
The  v.  was  incorporated  in  1718.  There  are 
several  other  parishes  in  the  t.,  with  villages  and 
churches.  South  Farms,  in  the  s.  part  of  the  t., 
contains  a  Congregational  church  and  an  acade- 
my. There  are  in  the  t.,  21  stores,  cap.  $67,000 ; 
7  fulling  m.,  5  woollen  fac,  6  tanneries,  1  forge,  1 
paper  fac,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspa- 
pers, 6  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $57,550.  3  acad.  65  students,  31  sch.  940 
scholars.     Pop.  4,038. 

Litchfield,  p-t.,  Herkimer  co.,  N.  Y.,  83  w. 
N.  w.  Albany,  337  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ; 
soil,  calcareous  loam.  Watered  by  head  branch- 
es of  Unadilla  r.,  and  other  streams,  flowing  into 
Mohawk  r.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $11,000  ;  3  tan- 
neries, 1  distillery,  2  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $69,275.  11  sch.  455  scholars.  Pop. 
1,672. 

Litchfield,  p-t.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  156  n. 


Harrisburg,  266  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil, 
gravelly  loam.  Watered  by  branches  of  VVepas- 
sining  creek.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $7,420.  5  sch.  245  scholars.  Pop. 
817. 

Litchfield,  p-t.,  Medina  co.,  O.,  113  n.  e.  by 
N.  Columfeus,  360  W.  It  has  2  stores,  capital 
$3,500;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $8,300.  6  sch.  245  scholars.  Pop. 
737. 

Litchfield,  p-t.,  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.  The 
soil  is  fertile,  well  adapted  to  grain.  It  has  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,000.  3  sch.  112  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  691. 

Litchfield,  p-v.,  capital  of  Grayson  co.,  Ky., 
109  s.  w.  by  w.  Frankfort,  651  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house  and  several  dwellings. 

Litchfield  Corners,  p-o.,  Kennebec  co., 
Me.,  15  s.  by  w.  Augusta,  530  W. 

Lithoow,  p-o.,  Washington  t.,  Dutchess  co., 
N.  Y.,  75  s.  Albany,  319  W. 

Lithopolis,  p-v.,  Bloom  t.,  Fairfield  co.,  O., 
17  s.  E.  Columbus,  383  W.  Situated  on  elevated 
ground,  and  contains  1  church,  6  stores,  40  dwel- 
lings, and  about  250  inhabitants. 

Litiz,  p-v.,  Warwick  t.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  45 
E.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  119  W.  Settled  by  Moravi- 
ans, and  contains  1  church,  several  stores,  a  sem- 
inary for  young  ladies,  and  about  80  dwellings. 

Little  Beaver,  t.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.  The  sur- 
face is  rolling ;  soil,  a  fertile  calcareous  loam. 
Drained  by  a  branch  of  Little  Beaver  cr.  It  has 
6  stores,  cap.  $23,720 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  4  tanneries,  1  pottery,  4  grist  m.,  5  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $38,550.  7  sch.  244  scholars. 
Pop.  1,254. 

Little  Beaver  Bridge,  p-o.,  Columbiana  co., 
O.,  161  n.  E.  by  e.  Columbus,  268  W. 

Little  Blue  River,  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,Ia.,  36 
s.  e.  Indianapolis,  554  W. 

Little  Britain,  p-o.,  Hamptonburg  t.,  Or- 
ange co.,  N.  Y.,  98  s.  by  w.  Albany,  286  W. 

Little  Britain,  t.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  20  8. 
E.  Lancaster.  The  surface  is  undulating;  soil, 
clay.  Watered  by  Octarara  cr.  and  its  branches, 
and  Conewingo  cr.  It  has  10  stores,  cap.  $24,500 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  5  tanneries,  8  flour- 
ing m.,  9  grist  m.,  8  saw  ra.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$39,400.    9  sch.  360  scholars.     Pop.  3,042. 

Little  Cah  aba,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Ala.,  75  n. 
e.  Tuscaloosa,  742  W. 

Little  Compton,  p-t.,  Newport  co.,  R.  I.,  38 
s.  s.  E.  Providence.  Situated  at  the  e.  entrance 
of  Narraganset  bay,  having  the  Atlantic  on  the  s. 
The  surface  is  diversified ;  soil,  a  fertile  loam. 
Settled  in  1674.  It  has  a  Congregationalist  and 
a  Friends  church,  6  stores,  cap.  $21,700;  1  tan- 
nery. Cap.  in  manufac  $1,500.  7 sch.  ^schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,327. 

Little  Creek,  h.,  Kent  co.,  Del.  It  has  6 
stores,  cap.  $11,800;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $300; 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,750.  3  sch.  224  scholars. 
Pop.  2,050. 

Little  Creek,  h.,  Sussex  co.,  Del.  It  has 
13  stores,  cap.  $25,700;  1  forge,  4  tanneries,  11 

frist  m.,  23  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $23,925. 
acad.  53  students,  10  sch.  274  scholars.  Pop. 
2,973. 

Little  Chucky,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Tenn. 

Little  Crossings,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Md., 
189  w.  n.  w.  Annapolis,  157  W. 

Little  Falls,  p-t.,  Herkimer  co.,  N.  Y., ,91 
w.  n.  w.  Albany,  390  W.  The  surface  is  hilly 
and  mountainous ;  soil,  sandy  and  argillaceous 
loam.  Fine  quartz  crystals  are  found  here.  Wa- 
tered by  Mohawk  r.,  on  the  s.  side  of  which  runs 
the  Erie  canal,  and  on  the  n.  side,  the  Utica  and 


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Schenectady  railroad.  The  v.  is  situated  on  both 
sides  of  the  Mohawk  r.,  in  a  most  romantic  situa- 
tion, and  contains  5  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1 
Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Roman 
Catholic — an  academy,  2  printing  offices,  1  bank, 
30  stores  and  groceries,  1  woollen  fac,  3  paper 
m.,  3  flouring  m.,  2  plaster  m.,  1  trip-hammer 
works,  4  furnaces,  1  machine  shop,  1  distillery,  1 
brewery,  1  fulling  m.,  and  1  sash  fac.  The  river 
here  has  a  fall  of  42  feet  in  half  a  mile,  affording 
great  water  power.  The  Erie  canal  has  a  feeder, 
which  crosses  the  r.  in  a  fine  aqueduct,  214  feet 
long  and  16  wide,  with  walls  14  feet  high,  upheld 
by  one  arch  of  70  feet  span,  and  two  others  of  50 
feet  each.  The  canal  passed  the  brow  of  a  moun- 
tain here,  which  reached  to  the  border  of  the  r., 
by  expensive  digging  and  embankment.  In  wi- 
dening the  canal,  more  ample  room  is  obtained  by 
occupying  a  part  of  the  bed  of  the  r.,  between  an 
island  and  the  s.  bank.  There  are  in  the  t.,  34 
stores,  cap.  $88,500 ;  3  furnaces,  2  forges,  1  fulling 
m.,  4  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  brewery,  3  paper 
fac,  2  printing  offices,  1  weekly  newspaper,  1 
periodical,  1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $166,850.  8  sch.  810  scholars.  Pop. 
3,881. 

Little  Falls,  p-v.,  Passaic  co.,  N.  J.,  79  n. 
k.  by  n.  Trenton,  245  W.  The  Passaic  r.  here 
has  a  fall  of  33  feet,  affording  a  great  water  power. 
It  contains  4  stores,  2  cotton  fac.  with  2,400  sp., 
1  grist  m.,  3  saw  mills,  and  about  50  dwellings. 
The  Morris  canal  here  crosses  the  r.  by  an  aque- 
duct. 

Little  Fort,  p-v.,  capital  of  Lake  co.,  111.  It 
is  situated  on  the  w.  shore  of  Lake  3Iichigan. 

Little  Genesee,  p  o.,  Genesee  t.,  Alleghany 
co.,  N.  Y.,  288  w.  by  s.  Albany,  309  W. 

Little  Gunpowder,  p-o.,  Baltimore  co.,  Md., 
46  n.  by  e.  Annapolis,  56  W. 

Little  Hockhocking,  p-o.,  Decatur  t.,  Wash- 
ington co.,  O.,  107  e.  s.  E.  Columbus,  314  W. 

Little  Level,  p-o.,  Pocahontas  co.,  Va.,  217 
w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  252  W. 

Little  Mahanoy,  t,  Northumberland  co.,  Pa. 
It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,700  ;  1  tannery,  1  distille- 
ry, 2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,300. 

1  sch.  38  scholars.    Pop.  213. 

Little  Marsh,  p-o.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  160  n.  by 
w.  Harrisburg,  274  W. 

Little  Meadows,  p-o.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa., 
199  n.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  289  W. 

Little  Mill  Creek,  p-o.,  Delaware  co.,  O., 
36  n.  Columbus,  420  W. 

Little  Muddy,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  111.,  154  s. 
s.  e.  Springfield,  826  W. 

Little  Osage,  p-o.,  Bates  co.,  Mo.,  158  w.  s. 
w.  Jefferson  City,  1,094  W.  Situated  at  the 
junction  of  Little  Osage  and  Marmetou  rivers. 

Little  Piney,  p-o.,  Pulaski  co.,  Mo.,  90  s. 
Jefferson  City,  965  W.  Situated  at  the  junction 
of  Little  Piney  with  Gasconade  r. 

Little  Plymouth,  p-v.,  King  and  Queen  co., 
Va.,  60  e.  by  n.  Richmond,  148  W.     It  contains 

2  stores,  a  female  seminary,  2  coach  fac,  8  dwell- 
ings, and  about  60  inhabitants. 

Little  Prairie,  p-o.,  Crawford  co.,  Mo.,  73 
s.  e.  Jefferson  City,  945  W. 

Little  Prairie,  t.,  New  Madrid  co.,  Mo.  It 
has  1  sch.  35  scholars.    Pop.  436. 

Little  Prairie  Ronde,  p-o.,  Cass  co.,  Mich., 
166  w.  by  s.  Detroit,  623  W. 

Little,  r.,  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between 
N.  C.  and  S.  C,  and  runs  into  the  Pedee. 

Little,  r.,  Ga.,  flows  into  the  Savannah,  30 
ms.  above  Augusta. 

Little,  r.,  Ky.  runs  into  the  e.  side  of  Cum- 
berland r. 


Little,  r.,  la.,  flows  into  the  Wabash  above 
Vincennes. 

Little  River,  p-o.,  Caldwell  co.,  N.  C,  172 
w.  Raleigh,  410  W. 

Little  River,  p-o.,  Horry  dist.,  S.  C,  224  E. 
Columbia,  440  W. 

Little  River,  p-o.,  Columbia  co.,  Florida. 

Little  River  Village,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co., 
Me.,  25  s.  Augusta,  570  W. 

Little  Rock,  city,  and  capital  of  Pulaski  co., 
and  of  the  state  of  Arkansas,  1,065  Washington 
City.  Situated  on  the  s.  bank  of  Arkansas  r., 
300  ms.  above  its  mouth,  by  the  course  of  the  r. 
It  is  situated  on  a  high  rocky  bluff,  from  150  to 
200  feet  above  the  r.,  and  is  the  first  place  in 
which  rocks  occur  above  its  mouth.  It  is  regu- 
larly laid  out,  and  contains  a  state  house,  court 
house,  jail,  5  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Epis- 
copal, 1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Roman  Cath- 
olic— 2  banking  houses,  a  theatre,  an  academy,  a 
U.  S.  arsenal,  a  U.  S.  land  office,  a  penitentiary, 
21  stores,  2  steam  saw  and  grist  m.,  2  printing 
offices,  500  dwellings,  and  2,500  inhabitants. 
First  settled  in  1820. 

Little  Rock,  p-o.,  Kane  co.,  111.,  192  n.  n.  e. 
Springfield,  769  W. 

Little  Sandusky,  p-v.,  Pitt  t.r  Crawford  co., 
O.,  56  n.  Columbus,  419  W.  Situated  on  Little 
Sandusky  cr.,  one  mile  above  its  entrance  into 
Sandusky  r.  It  contains  3  stores,  30  dwellings, 
and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Little  Sodus,  p-o.,  Sterling  t.,  Cayuga  co., 
N.  Y.,  181  w.  by  n.  Albany,  364  W. 

Littlestown,  p-v.,  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  42  s.  w. 
Harrisburg,  77  W. 

Littleton,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  83  n.  n. 
w.  Concord,  544  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of 
Connecticut  r.,  which,  opposite  to  the  t.,  passes 
down  the  rapids,  denominated  Fifteen  Mile  falls, 
extending  to  Bath.  These  rapids  are  impassable 
by  boats.  There  are  3  bridges  over  the  Con- 
necticut here.  Ammonoosuck  r.  passes  through 
the  s.  E.  part  of  the  t.  Incorporated  in  1784. 
The  v.  is  situated  at  the  falls  on  this  r.  The  t. 
has  4  stores,  cap.  $19,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m., 
6  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $37,100. 

Littleton,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  26  w. 
n.  w.  Boston,  426  W.  Stony  r.,  a  branch  of  Mer- 
rimac  r.,  runs  on  its  n.  w.  border,  and  in  the  s. 
part  are  2  considerable  ponds.  Watered  by 
Beaver  branch  of  Concord  r.  Incorporated  in 
1715.  The  soil  is  tolerably  fertile.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $6,500 ;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,800.  6  sch.  303  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  927. 

Littleton,  p-o.,  Sussex  co.,  Va.,  53  s.  by  e. 
Richmond,  172  W. 

Littleton,  p-v.,  Halifax  co.,  N.  C,  78  n.  e. 
by  E.  Raleigh,  210  W. 

Little  Valley,  p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.  Y., 
300  w.  by  s.  Albany,  342  W.  The  surface  is 
hilly  and  broken ;  soil,  various.  Watered  by 
Alleghany  r.  and  its  branches.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $7,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  7  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac  $20,502.  4  sch.  205  scholars. 
Pop.  700. 

Littleville,  v.,  Avon  t.,  Livingston  co.,  N. 
Y.  It  contains  1  Congregational  church,  1  store, 
2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  20  dwellings,  and  about  100 
inhabitants. 

Little  Yadkin,  p-o.,  Stokes  co.,  N.  C,  137 
w.  n.  w.  Raleigh,  330  W. 

Little  Yadkin,  r.    (See  Yadkin  r.) 

Little  York,  p-o.,  Homer  t.,  Cortland  co.,  N. 
Y.,  134  w.  Albany,  321  W. 

Little  York,  p-o.,  Hunterdon  co.,  N.  J. 


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Little  York,  p-o.,  Butler  t.,  Montgomery  co., 
O.,  75  w.  by  s.  Columbus,  468  W. 

Little  York,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  la.,  89  s. 
Indianapolis,  594  W. 

Little  York,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  111.,  131  n. 
w.  Springfield,  861  W. 

Litwalton,  p-o.,  Lancaster  co.,  Va. 

Lively,  p-o.,  St.  Clair  co.,  III.,  113  s.  Spring- 
field, 822  W. 

Livermore,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  30  w.  Au- 
gusta, 596  W.  Situated  on  both  sides  of  Andros- 
coggin r.,  which  affords  water  power.  Incor- 
porated in  1715.  It  has  villages  on  the  r.  It 
contains  9  stores,  cap.  $13,000 ;  2  fulling  m.,  2 
tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  o  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$5,050.     22  sch.  1,146  scholars.     Pop.  2,745. 

Livermore,  p-o.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  176 
w.  Harris  burg,  204  W. 

Livermore,  p-o.,  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  169  w.  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  711  W. 

Livermore  Centre,  p-o.,  Livermore  t.,  Ox- 
ford co.,  Me.,  24  w.  Augusta,  600  W. 

Livermore  Falls,  p-o.,  Livermore  t.,  Oxford 
co.,  Me.,  26  w.  Augusta,  604  W. 

Liverpool,  p-v.,  Salina  t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N. 
Y.,  136  vv.  by  n.  Albany,  353  W.  Situated  on 
Onondaga  lake,  and  contains  1  church,  10  stores, 
150  dwellings,  and  about  1,000  inhabitants.  It 
has  saline  springs  belonging  to  the  state,  which 
produced  in  1840,  802,954  bushels  of  fine  salt. 
The  Oswego  canal  passes  through  the  place. 

Liverpool,  p-b.,  and  t.,  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  29  n. 
by  w.  Harrisburg,  139  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ; 
soil,  gravel  and  slate  on  the  hills,  and  calcareous 
loam  in  the  valleys.  Susquehanna  r.  bounds  it 
on  the  e.  The  v.  is  situated  at  the  mouth  of  a 
er.,  on  the  w.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  r.,  where 
are  extensive  iron  works,  and  contains  4  stores, 
2  sch.  103  scholars,  and  451  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.  3  stores,  cap.  $9,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  6  flouring 
m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $23,188.  5 
sch.  198  scholars.    Pop.  763. 

Liverpool,  t.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.  It  has  5 
sch.  151  scholars.    Pop.  1,096. 

Liverpool,  p-t.,  Medina  co.,  O.,  125  n.  e.  by 
N.  Columbus,  356  W.  It  has  a  fertile  soil.  Wa- 
tered by  Rocky  r.  and  its  branches.  It  contains 
several  churches.  It  has  a  sulphur  spring,  a  rich 
petroleum  spring,  salt  springs,  and  iron  ore. 
There  are  in  the  t.  2  stores,  cap.  $3,500 ;  1  full- 
ing ra.,  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,900.  3  sch.  126  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,500. 

Liverpool,  p-v.,  Lake  co.,  la.,  162  n.  n.  w. 
Indianapolis,  706  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of 
Deep  r.,  a  branch  of  Calumic  r. 

Livingston,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  central- 
ly toward  the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains 
509  sq.  ms.  Drained  by  Genesee  r.  and  Canase- 
raga  cr.  The  soil  is  fertile,  particularly  on  the 
streams.  Gypsum  and  bog  iron  ore  are  found, 
and  salt  and  sulphur  springs.  The  latter,  at  Avon, 
are  particularly  celebrated.  Capital,  Geneseo. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  29,349,  sheep 
163,395,  swine  37,856 ;  wheat  823,050  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  3,624,  Ind.  corn  184,730,  buckwheat 
26,483,  barley  84,276,  oats  305,619,  potatoes 
348,369,  sugar  119,438  pounds;  121  stores,  cap. 
$446,120;  12  furnaces,  14  fulling  m.,  4  woollen 
fac,  2  rope  fac,  13  tanneries,  8  distilleries,  2 
breweries,  1  pottery,  6  flouring  m.,  26  grist  m., 
66  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  4  paper  fac,  4  printing  offices, 
2  binderies,  4  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $515,051.  6  acad.  782  students,  178  sch. 
8,708  scholars.    Pop.  35,140. 

Livingston,  parish,  La.    Situated  toward  the 


s.  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  730  sq.  ms 
Amite  r.  runs  on  its  w.  and  s.  border  into  Lake 
Maurepas,  which  lies  on  its  s.  border.  Lake 
Pontchartrain  lies  on  its  s.  k.  border.  Watered 
by  small  rivers,  which  enter  those  lakes.  Capi- 
tal, Springfield.  There  were  in  18U),  neat  cattle 
4,361,  sheep  828,  swine  10,373;  Ind.  corn  36,712 
bush,  produced,  oats  1,500,  potatoes  20,497,  rice 
83,930  pounds,  cotton  250,445;  4  stores,  rap. 
$12,000;  1  tannery,  12  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac  $30,520.  1  acad.  60  students,  1  sch. 
71  scholars.  Pop.  whites  1,533,  slaves  739,  free 
col'd43;  total,  2,315. 

Livingston,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  330  sq.  ms.  Ohio 
r.  runs  on  its  w.  border,  Tennessee  r.  on  its  s.  w. 
border,  where  it  enters  the  Ohio.  Cumberland 
r.  passes  through  it,  and  here  enters  the  Ohio. 
The  surface  is  level  or  moderately  uneven ;  soil, 
fertile.  Capital,  Smithland.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  9,284,  sheep  7,623,  swine  29,035; 
wheat  27,748  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  421,415, 
oats  50,140,  potatoes  10,695,  tobacco  1,222,500 
pounds  ;  1  forge;  19  stores,  cap.  $103,600";  3  tan- 
neries, 4  distilleries,  9  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $24,650.  2  acad.  63  students,  10 
sch.  261  scholars.  Pop.  whites  7,338,  slaves 
1,588,  free  col'd  99 ;  total,  9,025. 

Livingston,  county,  Mich.  Situated  central- 
ly toward  the  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains 
576  sq.  ms.  Drained  by  Shiawassee  r.  on  the  n., 
Cedar  r.  on  the  w.,  and  Huron  r.  s.  Surface, 
gently  undulating;  soil,  very  fertile.  Iron  ore 
is  found  in  the  s.  e.  part,  and  salines  near  the 
centre.  Capital,  Howell.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  7,931,  sheep  1,903,  swine  10,952; 
wheat  84,943  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  82,081, 
buckwheat  7,757,  barley  3,623,  oats  77,943,  pota- 
toes 93,647 ;  12  stores,  cap.  $62,500 ;  3  flouring 
m.,  5  grist  m.,  14  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$36,200.    69  sch.  1,777  scholars.    Pop.  7,430. 

Livingston,  county,  HI.  Situated  n.  e.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,026  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Vermilion  r.  and  its  branches.  The 
surface  is  gently  undulating;  soil,  fertile.  Capi- 
tal, Pontiac  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
1,015,  sheep  1,112,  swine  4,238;  wheat  13,014 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  com  55,865,  oats  14,920,  po- 
tatoes 3,576,  sugar  10,591  pounds ;  1  store,  1 
woollen  fac,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $5,900.  3  sch.  44  scholars.  Population, 
759. 

Livingston,  county,  Mo.  Situated  toward 
the  N.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  510  sq. 
ms.  The  surface  is  level;  soil,  very  fertile. 
Watered  by  Grand  r.  and  its  branches.  Capital, 
Chilicothe.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
5,639,  sheep  1,833,  swine  17,925;  wheat  1,768 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  135,593,  oats  4,699, 
potatoes  3,537;  13  stores,  cap.  $29,000;  5  sch. 
90  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,082,  slaves  241,  free 
col'd  2 ;  total,  4,325. 

Livingston,  p-t.,  Columbia  co.,  N.  Y.,  37  s. 
Albany,  334  W.  The  surface  is  diversified ; 
soil,  clay,  loam,  and  gravel.  Drained  by  An- 
c ram  or  Roeliff  Jansen's  cr.,  flowing  into  the  Hud- 
son, which  bounds  it  on  the  w.  It  has  6  stores, 
cap.  $6,000 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  fur- 
naces, 4  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$37,100.     10  sch.  447  scholars.    Pop.  2,190. 

Livingston,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  N.  J.,  9  n.  w. 
Newark,  58  n.  e.  Trenton,  224  W.  The  surface 
is  mountainous  or  rolling,  excepting  on  the  Pas- 
saic r.,  which  flows  on  its  w.  border,  where  it  is 
level.  Watered  by  small  branches  of  the  Pas- 
saic. The  village  contains  1  store,  and  10  or  12 
dwellings.    There  are  in  the  t.  3  stores,  cap. 


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352 


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$1,450 ;  1  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,515.    5 
sch.  158  scholars.    Pop.  1,081. 

Livingston,  p-v.,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  46  w. 
n.  w.  Detroit;,  539  W.  Situated  on  Woodruff  cr., 
a  branch  of  Huron  r.,  which  affords  extensive 
water  power.  It  contains  2  stores,  and  a  large 
flouring  m.  It  has  a  fine  healthy  location,  in  the 
midst  of  a  fertile  country. 

Livingston,  p-v.,  capital  of  Sumpter  co.,  Ala., 
68  s.  w.  Tuscaloosa,  886  W.  Situated  on  the  n. 
side  of  Sucarnochee  r.  It  has  a  court  house,  and 
several  dwellings. 
Livingston,  p-v.,  Madison  co.,  Ark. 
Livingston,  p-v.,  Madison  co.,  Miss.,  22  n. 
Jackson,  1,026  W. 

Livingston,  p-v.,  Overton  co.,  Tenn.,  96  e. 
by  n.  Nashville,  608  W. 

Livingston,  p-v.,  Clarke  co.,  111.,  127  e.  s.  e. 
Springfield,  657  W. 

Livingstonville,  p-v.,  Broome  t.,  Schoharie 
co.,  N.,  Y.,  42  w.  Albany,  369  W.  It  contains 
1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist  church,  3  stores, 
1  saw  m.,  and  20  dwellings. 

Livonia,  p-t.,  Livingston  co.,  N.  Y.,  8  e.  Gen- 
eseo,  224  w.  Albany,  353  W.  The  surface  is 
rolling;  soil,  fertile.  Drained  by  the  outlet  of 
Hemlock  lake,  which  flows  into  Conesus  lake. 
It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $21,800 ;  4  fulling  m.,  1  wool- 
len fee,  1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  2  flouring  m.,  1 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $57,274.  1 
acad.  140  students,  15  sch.  881  scholars.  Pop. 
2,719. 

Livonia,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  16  s.  w.  De- 
troit, 540  W.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $5,000 ;  1  tan- 
nery, 4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,485.  9 
sch.  266  scholars.     Pop.  1,169. 

Livonia,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  la.,  104  s.  In- 
dianapolis, 615  W.  It  contains  about  100  in- 
habitants. 

Loag,  p-o.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  62  E.  by  s.  Har- 
risburg,  136  W. 

Lobachsville,  p-o.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  66  e.  Har- 
risburg,  159  W. 

Lobdell's  Store,  p-o.,  West  Baton  Rouge 
parish,  La. 

Location,  p-o.,  Coweta  co.,  Ga.,  97  w.  by  n. 
Milledgeville,  719  W. 

Lock,  p-o.,  Knox  co.,  O.,  56  n.  e.  Columbus, 
395  W. 

Lockbourne,  p-v.,  Hamilton  t.,  Franklin  co., 
O.,  lis.  Columbus,  404  W. 

Locke,  p-t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y.,  20  s.  Auburn, 
155  w.  Albany,  319  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ; 
soil,  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  Owasco  inlet. 
It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $18,000;  2  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fee,  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  7  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $24,704 ;  12  sch.  516  scholars. 
Pop.  1,654. 

Lock  Berlin,  p-o.,  Galen  t.,  Wayne  co.,  N. 
Y.,  180  w.  by  n.  Albany. 

Locke's  Mills,  p-o.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  60  w. 
Augusta,  604  W. 

Lockhart's  Store,  p-o.,  Holmes  co.,  Miss., 
71  n.  Jackson,  988  W. 

Lock  Haven,  p-v.,  capital  of  Clinton  co.,  Pa., 
107  n.  w.  by  n.  Harrisburg,  199  W.  Situated  on 
the  s.  side  of  the  Susquehanna  r.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  four  stores,  and  about  150  inhabit- 
ants. 

Lockport,  p-t.,  capital  of  Niagara  co.,  N.  Y., 
277  w.  by  n.  Albany,  402  W.  The  surface  is 
equally  divided  by  a  terrace  or  range  of  hills, 
from  which  the  streams  flow  N.  to  Lake  Ontario, 
and  s.  into  Tonawanda  cr.  The  soil  is  a  calca- 
reous and  sandy  loam.  The  v.,  incorporated  in 
1827,  is  situated  on  the  Erie  canal,  and  contains 
a  court  house,  jail,  clerk's  office,  12  churches— 2 


Presbyterian,  1  Congregational,  2  Episcopal,  1 
Baptist,  1  Methodist,  1  Lutheran,  2  Friends,  1  Ro- 
man Catholic,  and  1  African— 2  banks,  2  female 
seminaries,  80  stores  and  groceries,  4  flouring  m., 

1  grist  m.,  1  cotton  fee.  with  2,100  sp.,  2  woollen 
fee,  9  saw  m.,  2  plough  fee,  2  plaster  m.,  1  sash 
fee,  2  furnaces,  1  machine  shop,  2  carriage  fee, 

2  tanneries,  and  1  fanning  m.  and  threshing  ma- 
chine fee,  800  dwellings,  and  about  6,500  in- 
habitants. An  immense  water  power  is  here 
created  by  the  surplus  water  of  the  Erie  canal, 
which  here  rises  60  feet,  by  5  double  locks.  A 
railroad  proceeds  from  this  place  to  Niagara  falls 
and  Buffalo.  There  are  in  the  t.  1  commission 
house,  cap.  $500 ;  65  stores,  cap.  $209,830 ;  3 
tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  brewery,  1  pottery,  1 
paper  fee,  4  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  5  flouring 
m.,  9  grist  m.,  45  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $268,010 ;  3  acad.  203  students,  29  sch. 
2,579  scholars.    Pop.  9,125. 

Lockport,  p-v.,  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  260  n.  w.  by  w. 
Harrisburg,  333  W. 

Lockport,  p-v.,  Williams  co.,  O.,  170  n.  w. 
Columbus,  501  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Tiffins  r. 

Lockport,  p-v.,  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  40  e.  by 
N.  Nashville,  655  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  bank  of 
Cumberland  r. 

Lockport,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  la.,  80  n.  n.  w. 
Indianapolis,  622  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of 
Wabash  r. 

Lockport,  p-v.,  Will  co.,  111.,  170  n.  e.  by  n. 
Springfield,  747  W.  Situated  on  the  Illinois  and 
Michigan  canal,  at  the  termination  of  the  lake 
level,  34*  ms.  from  Chicago,  where  the  canal  has 
a  fall,  by  2  locks  of  10  feet  each,  affording  an  ex- 
tensive water  power,  by  the  surplus  water  of  the 
canal  from  Lake  Michigan.  The  Des  Plaines  r. 
has  a  fall  in  the  vicinity  of  15  feet.  The  facili- 
ties for  manufacturing  are  very  great. 
Lockride,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa. 
Lock's  Village,  p-v.,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  79 
w.  by  n.  Boston,  402  W. 

Lockwood,  p-v.,  Byram  t.,  Sussex  co.,  N.  J., 
62  n.  Trenton,  232  W.  Situated  on  Lubber 
run. 

Locust  Creek,  p-o.,  Louisa  co.,  Va.,  33  n.  w. 
Richmond,  97  W. 
Locust  Creek,  t.,  Linn  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  694. 
Locust  Dale,  p-o.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa., 
205  w.  Harrisburg,  225  W. 

Locust  Dale,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  Va.,  92  n.  w. 
Richmond,  94  W. 

Locust  Forest,  p-o.,  Butler  co.,  Ky.,  151  s. 
w.  Frankfort,  683  W. 

Locust  Fork,  p-o.,  Blount  co.,  Ala.,  85  N.  E. 
Tuscaloosa,  749  W. 

Locust  Grove,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  Va.,  82  n. 
vv.  Richmond,  76  W. 

Locust  Grove,  p-o.,  Burke  co.,  N.  C,  217  w. 
Raleigh,  447  W. 

Locust  Grove,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,  Ga.,  65  w.  n. 
w.  Milledgeville,  670  W. 
Locust  Grove,  p-o.,  Calloway  co.,  Ky. 
Locust  Grove,  p-o.,  Weakly  co.,  Tenn.,  132 
w.  Nashville,  818  W. 

Locust  Grove,  p-o.,  Adams  co.,  O.,  90  s.  by 
w.  Columbus,  427  W. 

Locust  Lane,  p-o.,  Fayette  co.,  Va.,  253  w. 
Richmond,  290  W. 

Locust  Hill,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  214 
w.  Harrisburg,  241  W. 

Locust  Mills,  p-o.,  Bracken  co.,  Ky.,  79  n. 
e.  Frankfort,  493  W. 
Locust  Mount,  p-o.,  Accomack  co.,  Va. 
Locust  Mount,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Tenn., 
279  e.  Nashville,  419  W. 


LOG 


353 


LON 


Locust  Post,  p  o.,  Union  co.,  Ky.,  231  w.  s. 
w.  Frankfort,  756  W. 

Locust  Shads,  p-o.,  Overton  co.,  Tenn.,  104 
e.  Nashville,  617  W. 

Locust  Tree,  p-o.,  Niagara  co.,  N.  Y.,  281  w. 
by  n.  Albany,  399  W. 

Locustville,  p-o.,  Accomack  co.,  Va. 

Looi,  p-t.,  Seneca  co.,  N.  Y.,  185  w.  Albany, 
318  \V.  The  surface  is  rolling;  soil,  clay  loam. 
Seneca  lake  bounds  it  on  the  w.,  into  which 
some  of  its  streams  flow ;  others  flow  E.  into 
Cayuga  lake.  The  v.  is  elevated,  and  contains 
1  church,  4  stores,  50  dwellings,  and  about  400 
inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  6  stores,  cap. 
$23,500 ;  3  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries, 
1  flouring  m.,  5  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $39,200.  15  sch.  670  scholars.  Pop. 
2,236. 

Lodi,  v.,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.  Y.    (See  Persia.) 

Lodi.  t.,  Bergen  co.,  N.  J.,  5  s.  w.  Hackensack. 
The  surface  is  level.  Hackensack  r.  runs  on  its 
e.  and  s.  E.  border ;  Passaic  r.  on  its  w.  and  s. 
w.  border.  Along  the  Passaic  are  many  hand- 
some country  seats.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,000 ; 
1  dyeing  and  printing  establishment,  3  grist  m.,  3 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $70,000.  2  sch.  52 
scholars.     Pop.  687. 

Lodi,  p-v.,  Harrisville  t.,  Medina  co.,  O.,  114 
n.  e.  Columbus,  359  W.  It  contains  2  stores,  1 
flouring  m.,  15  dwellings,  and  about  100  inhabit- 
ants. 

Lodi,  t.,  Athens  co.  O.  Situated  on  Shade  r.  It 
has  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,100. 
1  sch.  20  scholars.     Pop.  754. 

Lodi,  p-t.,  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  43  w.  De- 
troit, 520  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain. 
Pop.  1,077. 

Lodi,  p-v.,  Abbeville  dist.,  S.  C,  74  w.  Colum- 
bia, 520  W. 

Lodi,  p-o.,  Coweta  co.,  Ga.,  114  w.  by  n.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  718  W. 

Lodi,  p-v.,  Jackson  co.,  Tenn.,  99  e.  n.  e. 
Nashville,  633  W. 

Lofton's  Store,  p-o.,  Butts  co.,  Ga.,  50  w. 
Milledgeville,  658  W. 

Logan,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  western 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  2,930  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  uneven  and  broken.  Drained  by 
Guyandotte  and  Coal  rs.  Capital,  Logan.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,431,  sheep  2,454, 
swine  10.300;  wheat  7,138  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  870,930,  oats  23,404,  potatoes  10,852,  tobac- 
co 9,263  pounds,  sugar  5,946;  5  stores,  capital 
$23,000 ;  7  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  5  flouring  m., 
52  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  19  sch.  370  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  4,159,  slaves  150;  total,  4,309. 

Logan,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  s.  toward 
the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  600  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  a  table  land.  Watered  by  tribu- 
taries of  Green  and  Cumberland  rivers.  Capital, 
Russelville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
3,019,  sheep  4,824,  swine  11,878;  wheat  40,375 
bush,  produced,  rye  1,197,  Lid.  corn  205,440,  oats 
65,510,  potatoes  4,438,  tobacco  393,597  pounds, 
cotton  24,597 ;  8  stores,  cap.  $32,800 ;  2  woollen 
fac,  13  cotton  fac.  180  sp.,  1  tannery,  6  distiller- 
ies, 2  potteries,  4  flouring  m.,  11  grist  m.,  7  saw 
ru.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $27,435.  4  acad. 
146  students,  15  sch.  389  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
8,479,  slaves  4,826,  free  col'd  310;  total,  13,615. 

Logan,  county,  O.  Situated  a  little  n.  e.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  425  sq.  ms. 
Watered  by  Miami  r.  and  its  branches.  The  sur- 
face is  pretty  level ;  soil,  fertile.  Organized  in 
1818.  Capital,  Bellefontaine.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  6,379,  sheep  7,538,  swine  9,353; 
wheat  34,154  bush,  produced,  rye  2,466,  Ind.  corn 
45 


252,235,  buckwheat  1,514,  oats  70,135,  potatoes 
9,983,  sugar  24,305  pounds;  17  stores,  capital 
$-28,700;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  pottery,  2 
flouring  m.,  llgristm.,  13suwm.,  1  printing  nfl'iee, 

1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  #27,300. 
59  sch.  1,806  scholars.     Pop.  14,015. 

Logan,  county,  111.  Situated  near  the  centre 
of  the  state,  and  contains  529  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Sugar  cr.  and  other  branches  of  Sangamon  r. 
Capital,  Postville.  There  were  in  1310,  neat  cat- 
tle 5,272,  sheep  3,661,  swine  16,604  ;  wheat 
12,429  bush,  produced,  Indian  corn  234,490,  oats 
22,239,  potatoes  6,920;  5  stores,  cap.  $13,200;  6 
grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,900.  7 
sch.  150  scholars.     Pop.  2,333. 

Logan,  t.,  Clinton  co.,  Pa.,  20  n.  e.  Bellefon- 
taine. The  surface  is  mountainous ;  soil,  in  the 
valleys,  calcareous  loam.  Drained  by  Big  Fish- 
ing cr.    It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $9,000 ;  1  tannery, 

4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,750.  1  sch.  30 
scholars.    Pop.  1,187. 

Logan,  p-o.,  Hector  t,  Tompkins  co.,  N.  Y., 
181  w.  Albany,  314  W. 

Logan,  p-v.,  Falls  t.,  capital  of  Hocking  co.,  O., 
47  s.  e.  Columbus,  365  W.  Situated  on  the  N. 
bank  of  Hockhocking  r.,  1  mile  below  the  great 
falls,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  3  stores,  1 
flouring  m.,  1  carding  machine,  and  1  tannery. 

Logan,  p-t.,  Dearborn  co.,  la.,  87  s.  e.  Indian- 
apolis, 528  W.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $14,400;  1 
fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2  flouring  m., 

2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $26,800. 

5  sch.  140  scholars.    Pop.  1,398. 

Logan,  p-v.,  Carter  co.,  Ky.,  15  s.  Catletts- 
burg. 

Logan,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Logan  co., 
Va.,  351  w.  Richmond,  338  W.  Situated  on  the 
e.  side  of  Guyandotte  river.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Logan,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  Mo.  It  has  5  sch.  60 
scholars.    Pop.  605. 

Logan's  Mills,  p-o.,  Clinton  co.,  Pa. 

Logansport,  p-v.,  capital  of  Cass  co.,  la.,  72 
N.  Indianapolis,  610  W.  Situated  on  Wabash  r., 
at  the  junction  of  Eel  r.,  at  the  head  of  steamboat 
navigation  on  the  Wabash,  and  at  the  junction 
of  the  Wabash  and  Erie  canal.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  6  churches — 1  Baptist,  1  Catho- 
lic, 1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist,  2  Presbyterian — 1 
academy,  12  stores,  400  dwellings,  and  1,500  in- 
habitants. There  are  2  fine  bridges  here,  1  cross- 
ing the  Wabash,  and  the  other  across  Eel  r. 

Loganville,  p-v.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  31  s.  Harris- 
burg,  83  W. 

Loganville,  p-v.,  Miami  t.,  Logan  co.,  O.,  73 
n.  w.  Columbus,  465  W.  Situated  on  the  e. 
bank  of  Miami  r.,  and  contains  1  store  and  about 
20  dwellings. 

Loggy  Bayou,  p-o.,  Natchitoches  par.,  La. 

Lombardy,  p-o.,  Columbia  co.,  Ga.,  66  e.  n.  e. 
Milledgeville. 

Lombardy  Grove,  p-o.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va., 
97  s.  w.  Richmond,  213  W. 

Lonaconing,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  184  n. 
w.  by  w.  Annapolis,  152  W. 

London,  p-v.,  Union  t.,  capital  of  Madison  co., 
O.,  27  w.  by  s.  Columbus,  420  W.  It  contains  a 
brick  court  house,  a  jail,  county  offices,  several 
stores,  about  80  dwellings,  and  500  inhabitants. 

London,  p-v.,  capital  of  Laurel  co.,  Ky.,  94  s. 
w.  Frankfort,  544  W.  Situated  on  a  branch  of 
Laurel  r.,  a  tributary  of  Cumberland  r.,  and  con- 
tains a  court  house  and  several  dwellings. 

London,  p-t.,  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  45  s.  w.  De- 
troit, 502  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain. 
It  has  1  tannery.  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $5,000.    4  sch.  73  scholars.    Pop.  42o. 


LON 


354 


LON 


London  Bridge,  p-v.,  Princess  Ann  co.,  Va., 
124  s.  e.  Richmond,  248  W. 

London  Britain,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  35  s.  w. 
Philadelphia.  The  surface  is  gently  uneven ; 
soil,  sandy  loam.  Watered  hy  White  Clay  cr., 
which  affords  water  power.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$1,800 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $1,700.  2  sch.  100  scholars.  Pop. 
641. 

Londonderry,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H., 
34  s.  s.  e.  Concord,  454  W.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Watered  by  Beaver  r.,  issuing  from  ponds  in  the 
t.,  and  flowing  into  Merrimac  r.,  which  touches 
its  N.  w.  corner.  It  has  an  academy,  with  a  fund 
of  $14,000.  Originally  settled  from  the  n.  of  Ire- 
land, in  1719.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $5,300;  6 
grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,300.  11 
sch.  527  scholars.     Pop.  1,556. 

Londonderry,  p-t.,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  96  s. 
Montpelier,  444  W.  Watered  by  West  r.,  Win- 
hall  r.,  and  Utly  brook,  which  afford  water  pow- 
er. It  contains  a  Congregationalist  and  a  Baptist 
church.  Chartered  in  1780.  It.  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$8,585 ;  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $8,030.  13  sch.  409  scholars.  Pop. 
1,216. 

Londonderry,  t,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  35  s.  w. 
Philadelphia.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  sandy 
loam.  Drained  by  Doe  run,  a  tributary  of  the 
Brandywine,  and  by  the  sources  of  Elk  and 
White  Clay  crs.  It  has  2  churches.  There  are 
in  the  t.  1  store,  cap.  $2,000 ;  2  grist  m..  2  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,025.  4  sch.  98  scholars. 
Pop.  608. 

Londonderry,  t.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous ;  soil,  slate.  Drained  by 
Will's  cr.,  which  flows  into  the  Potomac.  It  has 
1  store,  cap.  $3,500;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1 
distillery,  1  pottery,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
paper,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,150.  1 
acad.  26  students,  1  sen.  38  scholars.     Pop.  809. 

Londonderry,  t.,  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  14  s.  e. 
Harrisburg.  The  surface  is  moderately  hilly  ; 
soil,  calcareous  loam  and  gravel.  Drained  by 
Spring  cr.,  which  affords  water  power,  and  by 
Conewago  cr.  It  contains  a  Lutheran  church.  It 
has  2  stores,  cap.  $8,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  7  grist  m., 
1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,125.  1  sch.  14 
scholars.    Pop.  1,990. 

Londonderry,  t.,  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.,  8  s.  w. 
Lebanon.  The  surface  is  hilly  on  the  n.  and  s., 
level  in  the  middle;  soil,  calcareous  loam  and 
gravel.  Swatara  creek  runs  on  its  n.  boundary. 
Watered  by  Conewago  cr.,  Quitapahilla  cr.,  and 
Klinger's  run.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $16,100;  1 
furnace,  3  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $9,225.  5  sch.  145  scholars.  Pop. 
1,762. 

Londonderry,  p-t.,  Guernsey  co.,  O.,  95  e. 
Columbus,  303  W.  Named  from  Londonderry, 
in  Ireland,  whence  some  of  its  inhabitants  origi- 
nally came.  It  has  7  sch.  164  scholars.  Pop. 
1,606. 

London  Grove,  p-t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  31s.  w. 
Philadelphia,  71  e.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  105  W. 
The  surface  is  rolling;  soil,  calcareous  loam. 
Drained  by  White  Clay  cr.  and  its  branches.  It 
has  4  stores,  cap.  $29,000 ;  1  woollen  fac,  1  cot- 
ton fac.  336  sp.,  3  tanneries,  1  pottery,  4  flouring 
m.,  4  saw  m.,  16  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $23,295. 
3  sch.  75  scholars.     Pop.  1,246. 

Lone  Jack,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Mo.,  128  w.  by 
n.  Jefferson  City,  1,054  W. 

Lonesome  House,  p-o.,  Floyd  co.,  Ga.,  173  n. 
w.  Milledgeville,  1,054  W. 

Long-a-coming,  p-v.,  Gloucester  and  Water- 
ford  t.,  Gloucester  co.,  N.  J.,  44  s.  s.  w.  Trenton, 


154  W.     It  contains  a  Methodist  church,  2  stores, 
and  about  30  dwellings. 

Long  Bottom,  p-o.,  Olive  t.,  Meigs  co.,  O., 
105  s.  E.  Columbus,  323  W. 

Long  Branch,  p-v.,  Shrewsbury  t.,  Monmouth 
co.,  N.  J.,  30  s.  New  York,  50  e.  Trenton,  216 
W.  Situated  on  a  long  peninsular  beach  on  the 
Atlantic,  and  is  much  frequented  for  sea  air  and 
bathing.  It  has  several  fine  boarding  houses,  20 
rods  from  the  shore,  with  beautiful  lawns  before 
them.  Fine  opportunities  are  here  enjoyed  for 
fishing  and  gunning,  and  it  has  generally  much 
fashionable  company  in  the  summer  season. 

Long  Branch,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  209  w. 
by  s.  Richmond,  286  W.     . 

Long  Branch,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Mo.,  62  n. 
Jefferson  City,  937  W. 

Long  Cane,  p-o.,  Troup  co.,  Ga.,  131  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville, 749  W. 

Long  Creek,  p-o.,  Louisa  co.,  Va.,  45  n.  w. 
Richmond,  94  W. 

Long  Creek,  p-o.,  New  Hanover  co.,  N.  C, 
139  s.  s.  e.  Raleigh,  369  W. 

Long  Creek,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn.,  220  e. 
Nashville,  476  W. 

Long  Creek  Shoals,  p-v.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.  C, 
185  w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  422  W. 

Long  Falls  Creek,  p-o.,  Davies  co.,  Ky.,  181 
w.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  708  W. 

Long  Glade,  p-o.,  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  123  w.  n. 
w.  Richmond,  163  W. 

Long  Green  Academy,  p-o.,  Baltimore  co., 
Md.,  52  n.  Annapolis,  62  W. 

Long  Hill,  p-o.,  Morris  co.,  N.  J.,  51  n.  Tren- 
ton, 221  W. 

Long  Island,  N.  Y.  Situated  in  the  s.  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  1,500  sq.  ms.,  lying  be- 
tween the  Atlantic,  on  the  s.,  and  Long  Island 
sound,  on  the  n.  It  contains  3  counties — Kings, 
on  the  w.  end,  Queens,  in  the  middle,  and  Suf- 
folk, on  the  E.  end  of  the  island.  A  chain  of  hills 
runs  from  w.  to  E.,  on  the  n.  of  which  the  surface 
is  somewhat  hilly  and  broken  ;  on  the  s.  it  is 
level.  The  n.  shore  is  somewhat  bold  ;  on  the 
s.  it  is  a  beach  of  sand  and  gravel,  enclosing 
bays,  with  various  inlets,  admitting  vessels  of  60 
or  70  tons,  and  abounding  with  fine  shell  and 
other  fish.  At  the  e.  end  is  Gardiner's  bay  and 
island,  and  Montauk  point,  a  bold  promontory,  on 
which  is  a  light-house.  The  n.  shore  has  several 
light-houses. 

Long  Island  Sound,  a  large  body  of  water 
extending  the  entire  length  of  Long  Island,  and 
separates  it  from  Ct.  It  communicates  with  the 
Atlantic  on  the  e.  by  a  rapid  strait,  and  w.  by 
East  r.  and  New  York  bay.  Its  breadth  is  from 
2  to  20  ms.,  and  its  length  110. 

Long  Lake,  t.,  Hamilton  co.,  N.  Y.,  35  n.  Lake 
Pleasant.  It  is  a  large  t.,  with  a  rough  and  un- 
even surface,  not  generally  fertile,  abounding 
witli  lakes  and  streams,  and  mostly  a  wilderness. 
It  has  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $450.  1  sch. 
19  scholars.     Pop.  59. 

Long  Level,  p-o.,  Cabell  co.,  Va.,  340  w.  by 
n.  Richmond,  377  W. 

Long  Lick,  p-o.,  Scott  co.,  Ky.,  29  n.  e.  Frank- 
fort, 540  W. 

'  Long  Marsh,  p-o.,  Queen  Anne  co.,  Md.,  46 
E.  Annapolis,  56  W. 

Long  Meadow,  p-t.,  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  95 
w.  s.  w.  Boston,  359  W.  The  surface  is  level  on 
the  w.,  and  the  soil  generally  fertile.  Connecti- 
cut r.  runs  on  its  w.  boundary.  The  v.  is  built 
on  one  wide  and  level  street,  parallel  to  the  r., 
and  1  mile  from  it,  and  contains  a  Congregational 
church.  There  are  in  the  e.  part  of  the  t.  another 
i  Congregational  and  a  Baptist  church.  The  t  has  3 


LOR 


355 


LOU 


stores,  cap.  $3,500 ;  3  tanneries,  1  grist  in.,  3  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,350.  7  sch.  291  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,270. 

Long  Meadow,  p-o.,  Page  co.,  Va.,  130  n.  w. 
Richmond,  103  W. 

Longmire,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Tenn.,  297  e. 
Nashville,  426  W. 

Longmire's  Store,  p-o.,  Edgefield  dist.,  S.  C, 
74  w.  Columbia,  552  W. 

Long  Old  Fields,  p-o.,  Prince  George  co., 
Md.,  31  w.  Annapolis,  9  W. 

Long  Plain,  p-o.,  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  50  s.  Bos- 
ton, 437  W. 

Long  Run,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Ky .,  36  w.  Frank- 
fort, 578  W. 

Long  Savannah,  p-o.,  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn., 
J39  s.  k.  Nashville,  586  W. 

Long's  Bridge,  p-o.,  Hancock  co.,  Ga.,  36  n. 
e.  Milledgeville,  661  W. 

Long's  Mills,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  N.  C,  62  w. 
Raleigh,  313  W. 

Long  Street,  p-o.,  Moore  co.,  N.  C,  43  s.  w. 
Raleigh,  331  W. 

Long  Street,  p-o.,  Lancaster  dist.,  S.  C,  68 
N.  n.  w.  Columbia,  462  W. 

Long  Swamp,  p-t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  72  e.  by  n. 
Harrisburg,  165  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil, 
calcareous  loam  and  gravel.  Watered  by  Little 
Lehigh  r.  The  v.  contains  1  church,  common  to 
Lutherans  and  Presbyterians,  and  1  store.  There 
are  in  the  t.  2  stores,  cap.  $3,400 ;  1  furnace,  1 
forge,  2  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  2  powder  m.,  2 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac.  $13,400. 
Pop.  1,836. 

Long  View,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  Tenn. 

Longwood,  p-o.,  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  97  w.  n. 
w.  Richmond,  133  W.  It  has  several  dwellings, 
and  35  inhabitants. 

Longwood,  p-o.,  Union  co.,  Ky.,  226  w.  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  753  W. 

Longwood,  p-o.,  Pettis  co.,  Mo.,  94  w.  Jeffer- 
son City,  1,010  W. 

Longwood,  p-o.,  Fayette  co.,  la. 

Longsdale,  p-o.,  Providence  co.,  R.  I.,  10  w. 
Providence,  410  W. 

Lookout  Valley,  p-o.,  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn., 
135  s.  e.  Nashville,  616  W. 

Look's  Corners,  p-o.,  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  48 
n.  Detroit,  573  W. 

Lorain,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  n.  part  of 
the  state,  and  contains  550  sq.  ms.  Watered  by 
the  2  branches  of  Black  r.,  and  by  Beaver  creek, 
which  afford  water  power.  The  soil  is  fertile, 
adapted  to  grain  and  to  grass.  Organized  in  1824. 
Capital,  Elyria.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
20,931,  sheep  19,377,  swine  18,641 ;  wheat  134,474 
bush,  produced,  rye  3,792,  Indian  corn  243,034, 
buckwheat  3,869,  oats  80,291,  potatoes  109,577, 
sugar  323,644  pounds;  1  commission  house,  cap. 
$50,000 ;  28  stores,  cap.  $102,250 ;  4  lumber  yards, 
cap.  $58,000 ;  1  furnace,  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  8  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  flouring  m.,  14  grist 
m.,  54  saw  m.,  3  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  3 
weekly  and  1  semi-weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $105,060.  1  college,  498  students,  2 
acad.  135  students,  97  sch.  3,123  scholars.  Pop. 
18,467. 

Lorain,  t.,  Shelby  co.,  O.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$1,550  ;  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,250.  2 
sch.  55  scholars.    Pop.  904. 

Lorain,  p-o.,  Iroquois  co.,  111.,  205  n.  e.  Spring- 
field, 707  W. 

Loraine,  p-t.,  Jefferson  co.,  N.  Y.,  15  s.  Wa- 
tertown,  157  n.  w.  Albany,  408  W.  The  surface 
is  hilly  ;  soil,  clay  and  sandy  loam.  Drained  by 
Sandy  cr.  and  its  tributaries.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$6,000 ;  1  tannery,  2  flouring  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap. 


in  manufac.  $9,500.    8  sch.  265  scholars.    Pop 
1,699. 

Lorance,  t.,  Cape  Girardeau  co.,  Mo.  Pop. 
1,543. 

Lorentz's  Store,  Lewis  co.,  Va.,  292  n.  w. 
by  w.  Richmond,  260  W. 

Loretto,  p-v.,  Alleghany  t.,  Cambria  co.,  Pa. 
145  w.  by  n.  Harrisburg,  188  W.  Situated  on 
Alleghany  mountain,  and  contains  1  store,  15  or 
20  dwellings,  and  about  100  inhabitants. 

Loretto,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Ky.,  67  N.  w. 
Frankfort,  593  W. 

Loretto,  p-o.,  Essex  co.,  Va.,  62  n.  e.  Rich- 
mond, 90  W. 

Loss  Creek,  p-o.,  Crawford  co.,  O.,  70  n.  Co- 
lumbus, 414  W. 

Lost  Creek,  p-o.,  Harrison  co.,  Va.,  269  n.  w. 
Richmond,  237  W. 

Lost  Creek,  p-o.,  Campbell  co.,  Tenn.,  201 
e.  by  n.  Nashville,  493  W. 

Lost  Creek,  p-t.,  Miami  co.,  O.,  63  w.  Colum- 
bus, 457  W.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $21,000.  5  sch.  261  scholars.  Pop. 
1,306. 

Lost  Creek,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  Mo.,  102  n.  e. 
Jefferson  City,  875  W. 

Lost  River,  p-o.,  Hardy  co.,  Va.,  173  n.  w. 
Richmond,  123  W. 

Lotts,  p-o.,  Edgefield  dist.,  S.  C,  47  w.  Colum- 
bia, 545  W. 

Lottsburg,  p-o.,  Northumberland  co.,  Va.,  93 
E.  n.  E.  Richmond,  152  W. 

Lottsville,  p-v.,  Warren  co.,  Pa.,  233  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  325  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank  of 
Little  Broken  Straw  cr.  It  contains  a  store,  some 
mills,  and  several  dwellings. 

Loudon,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  460  sq.  ms.  It  has 
several  ridges  of  mountains,  with  intervening 
valleys.  Watered  by  Kittoctan  and  Goose  crs., 
and  their  tributaries,  which  afford  good  water 
power.  The  Potomac  r.  runs  on  its  n.  e.  border. 
The  soil  is  various,  from  a  rich  alluvion  to  an 
unproductive  clay,  some  of  it  well,  and  some 
poorly  cultivated.  Capital,  Leesburg.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  25,620,  sheep  31,503, 
swine  38,841 ;  wheat  573,460  bush,  produced,  rye 
81,517,  Ind.  corn  891,695,  buckwheat  6,845,  bar- 
ley 1,472,  oats  224,706,  potatoes  53,247,  tobacco 
1,725  pounds ;  79  stores,  cap.  $274,570  ;  4  fulling 
m.,  2  woollen  fac,  11  tanneries,  5  distilleries,  55 
flouring  m.,  69  grist  m.,  31  saw  m.,  2  printing  of- 
fices. Cap.  in  manufac.  $196,282.  6  acad.  266 
students,  33  sch.  1,003  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
13,840,  slaves  5,273,  free  colored  1,318;  total, 
20,431. 

Loudon,  p-t.,  Merrimac  co.,  N.  H.,  8  n.  n.  e. 
Concord,  489  W.  Watered  by  Soucook  river, 
which  affords  water  power.  Chartered  in  1773 
The  land  on  the  streams  is  fertile.  It  has  3  stores, 
capital  $4,400 ;  1  woollen  fac,  3  tanneries,  1  pot- 
tery, 3  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $6,190.     10  sch.  495  scholars.     Pop.  1,640. 

Loudon,  p-b.,  Peters  t.,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  59 
w.  s.  w.  Harrisburg,  103  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  the  w.  branch  of  Connecocheague  cr. 

Loudon,  p-t.,  Seneca  co.,  O.,  88  n.  Columbus, 
433  W.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $2,300  ;  1  grist  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $873.  3  sch.  94  schol's.  Pop.  763. 

Loudon,  t.,  Carroll  co.,  O.    Pop.  966. 

Loudon,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1  tanne- 
ry, 1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,000. 
4  sch.  78  scholars.     Pop.  425. 

Loudon  Centre,  p-o.,  Loudon  t.,  Merrimac 
co.,  N.  H.,  14  n.  n.  E.  Concord,  495  W. 

Loudon  Ridge,  p-o.,  Loudon  t.,  Merrimac  co., 
N.  H.,  15  n.  n.  e.  Concord,  596  W. 


LOU 


356 


LOU 


Loudonville,  p-v.,  Hanover  t.,  Richland  co., 
O.,  73  n.  N.  E.  Columbus,  363  W.  Situated  on 
the  Black  fork  of  Mohiccan  cr.,  and  contains  4 
stores,  and  about  150  inhabitants. 

Loudsville,  p-v.,  Habersham  co.,  Ga.,  159  n. 
Milledgeville,  615  W.  Situated  near  the  source 
of  Chestatee  r.,  in  the  gold  region. 

Louisa,  county,  Va.  Situated  centrally  in  the 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  570  sq.  miles. 
Watered  by  North  and  South  Anna  rs.,  and  their 
branches.  Capital,  Louisa  C.  H.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,726,  sheep  12,711,  swine 
20,133;  wheat  220,748  bush,  produced,  rye  899, 
buckwheat  43,  oats  158,131,  potatoes  15,325,  to- 
bacco 2,430,764  pounds,  cotton  19,129;  value  of 
gold  produced,  $3,000;  30  stores,  cap.  $111,152; 
11  tanneries,  3  flouring  m.,  25  grist  m.,  16  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $69,610.  39  sch.  591  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  6,047,  slaves  9,010,  free  colored  376 ; 
total,  15,433. 


Louisa,  county,  Iowa.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
E.  part  of  the  ter.,  and  contains  442  sq.  ms.  Mis- 
sissippi r.  runs  on  its  e.  border.  Drained  by  Iowa 
r.  and  its  tributaries,  which  afford  water  power. 
The  soil  is  very  fertile,  particularly  on  the  rivers. 
Capital,  Wappello.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 2,060,  sheep  620,  swine  6,813;  wheat  10,553 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  82,625,  oats  15,725,  po- 
tatoes 6,135  ;  3  saw  m.     Pop.  1,927. 

Louisa,  p-v.,  capital  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ky.,  15S 
E.  Frankfort,  436  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Big  Sandy  river,  and  contains  a  court  house  and 
several  dwellings. 

Louisa,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Louisa  co.,  Va., 
60  n.  w.  Richmond,  103  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Louisburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Franklin  co,  N.  C, 
36  n.  E.  Raleigh,  262  W.  Situated  on  n.  side  of 
Tar  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  2  churches, 
10  stores,  and  about  500  inhabitants. 


LOUISIANA. 


Louisiana,  the  southernmost  of  the  southern  United  States,  is  bounded  n.  by  Arkansas  and  Mis- 
sissippi ;  e.  by  Mississippi,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Mississippi  river,  to  the  31°  n.  lat., 
thence  e.  on  that  parallel  to  Pearl  river,  and  down  that  river  to  its  mouth ;  E.  and  s.  by  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico ;  and  w.  by  Texas,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Sabine  river  to  32°  n.  lat.,  and  thence 
due  n.  to  lat.  33°  n.,  the  s.  boundary  of  Arkansas.  It  is  240  miles  long  from  n.  to  s.,  and  210  broad 
from  E.  to  w.,  containing  45,350  square  miles,  or  29,024,000  acres.  The  population  in  1810,  was 
76,556  ;  in  1820, 153,407 ;  in  1830, 215,575 ;  in  1840,  352,411,  of  which  168,452  were  slaves.  Of  the 
free  population  89,747  were  white  males;  68,710  do.  females;  11,526  colored  males;  13,976  do. 
females.  Employed  in  agriculture,  79,289 ;  in  commerce,  8,549 ;  in  manufactures  and  trades,  7,565 ; 
navigating  the  ocean,  1,322 ;  canals,  lakes,  &c,  662  ;  learned  professions,  1,018. 

This  state  is  divided  into  38  parishes,  which,  with  their  population  in  1840,  and  their  capitals, 
were  as  follows  :  Eastern  District — Ascension,  6,951,  Donaldsonville  ;  Assumption,  7,141,  Napo- 
leonville ;  Baton  Rouge,  e.,  8,138,  Baton  Rouge ;  Baton  Rouge,  w.,  4,638,  w.  Baton  Rouge  C.  H. ; 
Carroll,  4,237,  Providence;  Concordia,  9,414,  Vidalia;  Feliciana,  e.,  11,893,  Clinton;  Feli- 
ciana, w.,  10,910,  St.  Francisville ;  Iberville,  8,495,  Plaquemine ;  Jefferson,  10,470,  La  Fayette  ; 
Lafourche  Interior,  7,303,  Thibodeauxville  ;  Livingston  2,315,  Springfield;  Madison,  5,142, 
Richmond;  Orleans,  102,193,  New  Orleans ;  Plaquemine,  5,060,  Fort  Jackson ;  Point  Coupee, 
7,898,  Point  Coupee ;  St.  Bernard,  3,237,  St.  Bernard  C.  H. ;  St.  Charles,  4,700,  St.  Charles 
C.  H. ;  St.  Helena,  3,525,  Greensburg ;  St.  James,  8,548,  Bringiers ;  St.  John  Baptist,  5,776, 
Bonnet  Carre;  St.  Tammany,  4,598,  Covington ;  Terre  Bonne,  4,410,  Houma;  Washington, 
2,649,  Franklinton.  Western  District — Avoyelles,  6,616,  Marksville ;  Caddo,  5,282,  Shreveport ; 
Calcasieu,  2,057,  Lisbon ;  Caldwell,  2,017, Columbia;  Catahoola, 4,955,  Harrisonburg ;  Clai- 
borne, 6,185,  Overton ;  La  Fayette,  7,841,  Vermilionville ;  Natchitoches,  14,350,  Natchitoches  ; 
Rapides,  14,132,  Alexandria ;  St.  Landry,  15,233,  Opelousas  ;  St.  Martin's,  8,676,  St.  Martins- 
ville ;  St.  Mary's,  8,950,  Franklin ;  Union,  1,838,  Farmersville  :  Washita,  4,640,  Monroe. 

New  Orleans  is  the  seat  of  government,  on  the  n.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  river,  105  miles  from 
its  entrance  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Below  the  mouth  of  the  Red  river  the  Mississippi  divides  into  several  branches,  or  outlets,  which 
diverging  from  each  other,  slowly  wind  their  way  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  divide  the  south- 
western part  of  the  state  into  a  number  of  large  islands.  The  western  of  these  outlets  is  the  Atcha- 
falaya,  which  leaves  the  main  stream  3  miles  below  the  mouth  of  Red  river,  and,  inclining  east- 
ward, flows  into  Atchafalaya  bay  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  About  128  miles  below  the  Atchofalaya, 
is  the  outlet  of  Plaquemine,  the  main  stream  of  which  unites  with  the  Atchafalaya ;  but  other  por- 
tions of  it  intersect  the  country  in  different  directions.  Thirty-one  miles  below  the  Plaquemine, 
and  81  above  New  Orleans,  is  the  outlet  of  Lafourche,  which  communicates  with  the  Gulf  of  Mexi- 
co by  two  mouths.  Below  the  Lafourche,  numerous  other  smaller  streams  branch  off  from  the 
river  at  various  points.  On  the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi  the  principal  outlet  is  the  Iberville, 
wrhich  communicates  with  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  through  lakes  Maurepas,  Pontchartrain,  and  Borgne. 
The  whole  territory  between  the  Atchafalaya  on  the  west,  and  the  Iberville,  &c,  on  the  east,  is 
called  the  Delta  of  the  Mississippi,  from  its  resemblance  in  shape  to  the  Greek  letter  of  that  name. 
A  large  extent  of  country  in  this  state  is  annually  overflowed  by  the  Mississippi.  From  lat.  32°  to 
31°,  the  average  width  of  the  land  inundated  is  20  miles  ;  from  lat.  31°  to  the  outlet  of  Lafourche, 
a  little  above  lat.  30°,  the  width  is  40  miles.    Below  the  Lafourche,  the  country  generally  is  over- 


LOU 357 LOU 

flowed.  The  lands  thus  overflowed,  including  those  on  the  Red  river,  amount  to  10,890  sq.  miles ; 
though  the  inundation  is  not  complete,  but  consists  of  innumerable  canals  and  lakes,  which  are  in- 
terspersed everywhere.  The  country  actually  submerged  would  not,  probably,  exceed  4,000  sq. 
miles.  More  earth  is  deposited  by  the  Mississippi  in  its  overflow  on  its  immediate  margin  than 
further  back ;  and,  consequently,  the  land  is  higher  adjoining  the  river  than  it  is  in  the  rear  of  its 
banks.  This  alluvial  margin,  of  a  breadth  from  400  yards  to  a  mile  and  a  half,  is  a  rich  soil,  and 
to  prevent  the  river  from  inundating  the  valuable  tract  in  the  rear,  and  which  could  not  be  drained, 
an  artificial  embankment  is  raised  on  the  margin  of  the  river,  called  the  Levee.  On  the  east  side 
of  the  river,  this  embankment  commences  60  miles  above  New  Orleans,  and  extends  down  the 
river  for  more  than  130  miles.  On  the  west  shore,  it  commences  at  Point  Coupee,  172  miles  above 
New  Orleans.  Along  this  portion  of  the  river,  its  sides  present  many  beautiful  and  finely  cultiva- 
ted plantations,  and  a  continued  succession  of  pleasant  residences.  The  southwestern  part  of  the 
state  consists  of  swamps,  on  the  margin  of  the  Gulf,  but  of  prairies  further  inland,  some  parts  of 
which  are  barren,  but  others  fertile,  and  containing  flourishing  settlements.  This  country  is  eleva- 
ted not  more  than  from  10  to  50  feet  above  high  tide.  The  country  between  the  Mississippi,  Iber- 
ville, and  Pearl  rivers,  in  its  southern  parts,  is  generally  level,  and  highly  productive  in  cotton, 
sugar,  rice,  corn,  and  indigo.  The  northern  part  has  an  undulating  surface,  and  has  a  heavy  natu- 
ral growth  of  white,  red,  and  yellow  oak,  hickory,  black  walnut,  sassafras,  magnolia,  and  poplar. 
In  the  northwestern  part,  the  Red  river,  after  entering  the  state  by  a  single  channel,  and  flowing 
about  30  miles,  spreads  out  into  a  number  of  channels,  forming  many  lakes,  and  islands,  and  swamps, 
over  a  space  of  50  miles  long  and  6  broad.  The  bottoms  on  the  river  are  from  1  to  10  miles  wide, 
and  are  very  fertile.  The  timber  on  them  is  willow,  cottonwood,  honey  locust,  pawpaw,  and 
buckeye  ;  on  the  rich  uplands,  elm,  ash,  hickory,  mulberry,  black  walnut,  with  a  profusion  of  grape 
vines.  On  the  less  fertile  and  sandy  uplands  of  the  state  are  white,  pitch,  and  yellow  pines,  and 
various  kinds  of  oak. 

The  staple  productions  of  the  state  are  cotton,  sugar,  and  rice.  In  1840  there  were  in  the  state, 
99,888  horses  and  mules  ;  381,248  neat  cattle ;  98,072  sheep;  323,220  swine ;  poultry  to  the  value 
of  $283,559.  There  were  produced  60  bushels  of  wheat ;  107,353  of  oats  ;  1,812  of  rye ;  5,952,912 
of  Indian  corn ;  834,341  of  potatoes  ;  24,651  tons  of  hay  j  49,283  pounds  of  wool ;  1,012  of  wax ; 
119,824  of  tobacco  ;  3,604,534  of  rice ;  152,555,368  of  cotton  j  119,947,720  of  sugar.  The  products 
of  the  dairy  were  valued  at  $153,069;  of  the  orchard  at  $11,769;  of  lumber  at  $66,106.  There 
were  made  2,884  of  gallons  of  wine ;  and  2,233  barrels  of  tar,  pitch,  &c. 

New  Orleans  is  the  place  where  the  trade  of  the  vast  Mississippi  valley  centres,  and  its  com- 
merce is  extensive. 

The  winters  in  this  state  are  mild ;  though  more  severe  than  in  the  same  latitude  on  the  Atlantic 
coast.  The  summers  in  the  wet  and  marshy  parts  are  unhealthy.  New  Orleans  has  frequently 
been  visited  by  the  yellow  fever.    But  a  considerable  portion  of  the  state  is  healthy. 

The  Mississippi  divides  this  state  from  the  state  of  Mississippi  for  a  considerable  distance, 
and  in  its  lower  parts  runs  wholly  in  this  state,  where  it  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  by  several 
passes.  It  is  navigable  for  vessels  of  any  size.  The  Red  river  runs  through  the  state  in  a  s.  e. 
direction,  and  discharges  a  vast  amount  of  water  into  the  Mississippi,  240  miles  above  New  Orleans. 
The  Washita  runs  in  a  s.  direction  in  the  n.  part  of  the  state,  and  enters  Red  river,  a  little  above 
its  entrance  into  the  Mississippi.  Bayou  Lafourche  and  Atchafalaya  are  large  outlets  of  the 
Mississippi.  The  other  rivers  are  the  Black,  Tensaw,  Sabine,  Calcasieu,  Mermentau,  Vermilion, 
Teche,  Pearl,  Amite,  and  Iberville. 

The  largest  lakes  are  Pontchartrain,  Maurepas,  Borgne,  Chetimaches,  Mermentau,  Calcasieu  and 
Sabine. 

The  exports  of  this  state  in  1840,  amounted  to  $34,236,936;  and  the  imports  to  $10,673,190. 
There  were  24  commercial,  and  381  commission  houses  engaged  in  foreign  trade,  with  a  capital  of 
$16,770,000 ;  and  2,465  retail  drygoods  and  other  stores,  with  a  capital  of  $14,301,024  ;  597  persons 
were  employed  in  the  lumber  trade,  with  a  capital  of  $260,045  ;  3  persons  employed  in  internal 
transportation,  with  291  butchers,  packers,  &c,  employed  a  capital  of  $144,523. 

The  amount  of  home-made  or  family  articles  manufactured,  was  $65,190  ;  2  cotton  manufactories, 
with  706  spindles,  employed  23  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $18,900,  with  a  capi- 
tal of  $22,000  ;  6  furnaces  produced  1,400  tons  of  cast  iron,  and  2  forges  produced  1,366  tons  of  bar 
iron,  employing  145  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $357,000 ;  25  tanneries  employed  88  persons,  and  a 
capital  of  $132,025;  7  other  manufactories  of  leather,  as  saddleries,  &c,  produced  articles  to  the 
amount  of  $108,500,  with  a  capital  of  $89,550  ;  1  pottery  employed  18  persons,  producing  articles  to  the 
amount  of  $1,000,  with  a  capital  of  $3,000  ;  5  sugar  refineries  produced  to  the  amount  of  $770,000  ; 
101  persons  produced  confectionery  to  the  amount  of  $20,000 ;  machinery  was  produced  to  the 
amount  of  $5,000 ;  and  hardware  and  cutlery  to  the  amount  of  $30,000 ;  51  persons  produced 
carriages  and  wagons  to  the  amount  of  $23,350,  employing  a  capital  of  $15,780 ;  mills  of  various 
kinds  produced  articles  "to  the  amount  of  $706,785,  employing  972  persons,  and  a  capital  of 


LOU 


358 


LOU 


$1,870,795  ;  vessels  were  built  to  the  amount  of  $30,500 ;  129  persons  manufactured  furniture  to 
the  amount  of  $2,300,  with  a  capital  of  $576,050 ;  5  distilleries  produced  285,520  gallons,  and  1 
brewery  produced  2,400  gallons,  employing  27  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $110,000  ;  75  persons  manu- 
factured 2,202,200  pounds  of  soap,  3,500,030  pounds  of  tallow  candles,  4,000  pounds  of  wax  and 
spermaceti  candles,  with  a  capital  of  $115,500  ;  248  stone  or  brick  houses,  and  619  wooden  houses, 
employed  1,484  persons,  and  cost  $2,736,944  ;  35  printing  offices,  5  binderies,  11  daily,  21  weekly 
and  2  semi-weekly  newspapers,  and  3  periodicals,  employed  392  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $193,700. 
The  whole  amount  of  capital  employed  in  manufactures,  was  $6,430,699. 

Louisiana  College,  at  Jackson,  was  founded  in  1825  ;  Jefferson  College,  at  Bringiers,  was  founded 
in  1831 ;  St.  Charles  College,  at  Grand  Coteau,  is  under  the  direction  of  the  Catholics ;  Baton 
Rouge  College,  at  Baton  Rouge,  was  founded  in  1838  ;  Franklin  College  at  Opelousas,  was  found- 
ed in  1839.  These  institutions  had  in  1840,  437  students.  There  were  in  the  state,  52  academies, 
with  1,995  students  ;  179  common  and  primary  schools,  with  3,573  scholars,  and  4,861  white  per- 
sons over  20  years  of  age  who  could  neither  read  nor  write. 

This  state  was  originally  settled  by  Catholics,  who  are  still  the  most  numerous  denomination. 
In  1835,  they  had  27  ministers.  The  Methodists,  Baptists,  Presbyterians,  and  Episcopalians  exist 
in  considerable  numbers,  and  are  increasing. 

At  the  commencement  of  1840,  there  were  47  banks  and  branches  in  this  state,  with  an  aggre- 
gate capital  of  $41,736,768,  and  a  circulation  of  $4,345,533.  The  state  debt,  at  the  close  of  18 10, 
amounted  to  $20,585,000. 

The  constitution  of  this  state  was  formed  in  1812.  The  governor  is  elected  for  four  years.  The 
people  give  their  votes  for  governor  at  the  same  time  that  they  vote  for  senators  and  representa- 
tives, and  the  legislature  on  the  succeeding  session  elect  by  joint  ballot  a  governor  from  the  two  can- 
didates having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  of  the  people.  The  senators  are  elected  for  4  years, 
one  half  being  chosen  every  2  years.  The  state  is  divided  into  16  senatorial  districts,  each  of 
which  chooses  a  senator.  The  representatives  are  elected  for  two  years,  and  cannot  be  less  than 
25  nor  more  than  50  in  number,  and  they  are  apportioned  according  to  the  number  of  electors,  an 
enumeration  of  which  is  made  every  4  years.  The  legislature  meets  annually  in  January,  except 
in  the  years  of  the  election  of  President  of  the  United  States,  when  it  meets  in  November. 

The  judges  of  the  supreme  court  are  appointed  by  the  governor,  with  the  consent  of  the  senate, 
and  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior. 

This  state  has  a  number  of  important  works  of  internal  improvement.  Pontchartrain  railroad  ex- 
tends from  New  Orleans  4£  miles  to  Lake  Pontchartrain,  at  a  cost  of  $450,000.  West  Feliciana 
railroad  extends  from  St.  Francisville,  20  miles  to  Woodville,  Mississippi.  New  Orleans  and  Car- 
rollton  railroad  extends  from  N.  Orleans,  4?  miles  to  La  Fayette.  Orleans-street  railroad,  extends 
from  N.  Orleans,  4i  miles  to  the  bay  of  St.  Johns.  The  Mexico  Gulf  railroad,  extends  from  N. 
Orleans,  east  to  Pascagoula  Sound.  The  Orleans  Bank  canal  extends  from  N.  Orleans,  6  miles  to 
Lake  Pontchartrain,  and  cost  $1,000,000.  Canal  Carondelet  extends  from  N.  Orleans,  H  miles  to 
the  Bay  of  St.  Johns.  Barataria  canal  extends  from  N.  Orleans,  85  miles  to  Berwick  bay.  Lake 
Veret  canal  extends  from  Lake  Veret,  8  miles  to  Lafourche  river.  The  N.  Orleans  and  Nash- 
ville railroad  extends  80  miles  in  this  state,  and  if  completed,  will  be  564  miles  in  length.  It  is  in 
progress. 

This  country  was  first  explored  by  the  French,  and  received  its  name  in  1682,  from  M.  La  Salle, 
in  honor  of  Louis  XIV,  and  a  settlement  was  attempted  in  1684,  300  miles  w.  of  the  Mississippi, 
but  failed.  In  1699  M.  Iberville  made  an  attempt  to  plant  the  country,  but  lost  his  life.  His  efforts 
were  followed  up  by  one  Crozat,  a  man  of  wealth,  who  held  the  exclusive  trade  of  the  country  for 
a  number  of  years.  About  the  year  1717,  he  transferred  his  interest  in  the  province  to  a  chartered 
company,  at  the  head  of  which  was  the  notorious  John  Law,  whose  national  bank  and  Mississippi 
speculation  involved  the  ruin  of  half  the  French  nobility.  In  1731  the  company  resigned  the  con- 
cern to  the  crown,  who,  in  1762,  ceded  the  whole  of  Louisiana  to  Spain.  In  1800,  Spain  recon- 
veyed  the  province  to  the  French,  of  whom  it  was  purchased  by  the  United  States  in  1803,  for 
$15,000,000.  This  purchase  included  the  territory  of  the  United  States  w.  of  the  Mississippi.  In 
1812,  the  present  state  of  Louisiana  formed  a  constitution,  and  was  admitted  into  the  .Union. 

Louisiana,  p-v.,  Pike  co.,  Mo.,  83  n.  e.  Jeffer- 
son City,  868  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank  of 
Mississippi  r.,  2  ms.  below  the  entrance  of 
Salt  r. 

Louisville,  p-t,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.  Y.,  253 
N.  N.  w.  Albany,  523  W.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating ;  soil,  a  fertile  calcareous  loam.  Watered 
by  Grass  r.,  and  the  St.  Lawrence  r.,  which 
bounds  it  on  the  N.  w.  Several  islands  in  the 
St.  Lawrence  belong  to  it.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$12,000  ;  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$15,000.    11  sch.  391  scholars.    Pop.  1,693. 


64 


Louisville,  p-v.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Va 
n.  e.  Richmond,  111  W. 

Louisville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ga., 
53  e.  Milledgeville,  634  W.  Situated  on  Rocky 
Comfort  cr.,  just  above  its  entrance  into  the  Ogee- 
chee  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a  church, 
an  academy,  9  stores,  and  27  dwellings.  The 
state  legislature  met  here  from  1835  to  1837 ;  and 
here  the  famous  Yazoo  Acts  were  burned  by  a 
sun-glass,  Feb.  13th,  1796.  The  state  house  has 
been  converted  into  a  court  house. 

Louisville,  p-v.,  Barbour  co.,  Ala.,  187  s. 


LOV 


359 


LOW 


E.  Tuscaloosa,  836  W.     It  contains  a  few  dwell- 
ings. 

Louisville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Winston  co.,  Miss., 
92  n.  e.  Jackson,  918  W.  Situated  on  the  head 
waters  of  Pearl  r.  It  contains  '2  churches,  a  court 
house,  2  academies,  and  175 inhabitants. 

Louisville,  p-v.,  Blount  co.,  Tenn.,  158  E.by 
s.  Nashville,  436  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  e.  side 
of  Tennessee  r. 

Louisville,  city,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of 
Jefferson  co.,  Ky.,  51  w.  Frankfort,  596  W.  Sit- 
uated on  the  s.  side  of  Ohio  r.,  at  the  head  of  the 
rapids,  38°  8'  N.  lat.,  and  85°  26'  w.  Ion.,  120  ms. 
below  Cincinnati.  Pop.  in  1788,  30 ;  in  1800, 600  ; 
in  1810,  1,357;  in  1820,4,012;  in  1830, 10,336  ;  in 
1840,  21,210.  The  Ohio  r.  is  here  1  mile  and  25 
rods  wide,  and  the  ground  rises  by  a  gentle  slope 
from  the  water's  edge  to  an  elevation  of  70  feet, 
where  is  a  beautiful  plain.  Bear-grass  cr.  enters 
its  v  part,  and  forms  a  good  harbor.  Incorpo- 
rated as  a  city  in  1828.  It  is  regularly  laid  out, 
with  8  broad  and  straight  streets,  parallel  with 
the  r.,  crossed  by  18  others  at  right  angles,  mak- 
ing the  city  3  miles  long,  and  about  1  mile  wide. 
It  is  generally  built  of  brick,  "with  many  large 
stores  and  warehouses,  and  many  fine  dwellings. 
It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  2  market  houses, 
a  museum,  a  marine  hospital,  an  asylum,  and  sev- 
eral other  humane  and  benevolent  institutions,  4 
banks,  including  a  bank  for  savings,  12  churches 
—4  Presbyterian,  3  Methodist,  2  Baptist,  1  Epis- 
copal, 1  Roman  Catholic,  and  1  African — and  sev- 
eral other  places  of  worship,  375  stores  and  gro- 
ceries, several  printing  offices,  issuing  3  daily 
newspapers,  about  2,500  dwellings.  It  has  con- 
venient landings,  and  many  steamboats  are  con- 
tinually in  port,  or  arriving  and  departing.  It  has 
4  flouring  m.,  producing  400  barrels  of  flour  daily, 
several  large  iron  foundries,  and  woollen  and 
other  manufactories.  The  goods  and  manufac- 
tured articles  sold  annually,  amount  to  about 
$29,000,000.  Around  the  rapids  at  this  place, 
which  are  not  navigable  at  low  water  for  large 
boats,  a  canal  has  been  constructed,  2i  ms.  long, 
with  4  locks,  which  cost  $730,000,  overcoming  a 
fall  of  22  feet.  At  the  lower  end  of  the  canal 
are  the  villages  of  Shipping  Port,  and  Portland. 
The  city  government  consists  of  a  mayor  and  10 
aldermen,  2  from  each  of  the  5  wards.  The  Ohio 
Bridge  Company  is  constructing  a  bridge  across 
the  Ohio,  over  the  shoals  above  Corn  Island. 
There  were  in  1840,  1  commercial  and  11  com- 
mission houses  in  for.  trade,  cap.  $191,800;  270 
retail  dry  goods  and  other  stores,  cap.  $2,128,400  ; 
3  lumber  yards,  cap.  $52,000 ;  2  tanneries,  2  brew- 
eries, 1  glass  cutting  estab.,  1  pottery,  2  rope  fac, 
2  flouring  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1  paper  fac,  7  printing 
offices,  2  binderies,  5  daily,  7  weekly,  and  3  semi- 
weekly  newspapers,  and  1  periodical,  200  brick 
and  stone  and  60  wooden  houses  built,  employ- 
ing 269  persons,  at  a  cost  of  $260,250.  Total  cap- 
ital employed  in  manufactures,  $713,675.  1  col- 
lege, 80  students,  10  acad.  269  students,  14  sch. 
388  scholars. 

Louisville,  p-v.,  Stark  co.,  O.,  131  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 313  W. 

Louisville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Clay  co.,  HI.,  112 
s.  e  Springfield,  741  W. 

Louisville,  p-v.,  Lincoln  co.,  Mo.,  74  n.  e. 
Jefferson  City,  832  W. 

Loutre  Island,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Mo., 
43  e.  N.  e.  Jefferson  City,  903  W. 

Loutre,  t.,  Audrain  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  169. 

Lovelaceville,  p-o.,  McCracken  co.,  Ky., 
296  w.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  823  W. 

Loveladv,  p-o.,  Caldwell  co.,  N.  C,  182  w. 
Raleigh,  419  W. 


Lovell,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  63  w.  s.  w.  Au- 
gusta; 578  W.  It  contains  a  large  jx>ntl,  the  out- 
let of  which  unites  with  the  outlet  of  another 
pond  on  its  n.  w.  border,  and  enters  the  Saco  r. 
Incorporated  in  1800.  8  small  ponds  on  the  bot- 
ders  of  the  t.,  connected  together,  have  an  outlet, 
which  has  a  curious  fall  of  40  feet.  It  has  1  ful- 
ling m.,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$150.     10  sch.  410  scholars.    Pop.  941. 

Love's  Mills,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Va.,  285 
w.  by  s.  Richmond. 

Lovettsville,  p-v.,  Loudon  co.,  Va.,  166  s 
Richmond,  46  W. 

Loveville,  p-v.,  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  54  N. 
Dover,  103  W. 

Lovingston,  p-v.,  capital  of  Nelson  co.,  Va., 
105  w.  by  n.  Richmond,  157  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  and  several  stores  and  dwell- 
ings. 

Lovington,  p-o.,  Macon  co.,  111.,  61  e.  Spring- 
field, 718  W. 

Lowell,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.  Incorpora- 
ted in  1838.  It  was  formerly  called  Huntress- 
ville.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $2,000 ;  1  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,500.  2  sch.  70 
scholars.     Pop.  205. 

Lowell,  p-t.,  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  45  n.  Montpe- 
lier,  568  W.  Formerly  called  Kelly  vale.  Char- 
tered in  1791.  Missisque  r.  rises  in  a  pond  on  the 
s.  border  of  the  t,  by  which,  and  its  branches, 
it  is  drained,  and  which  afford  water  power.  The 
surface  is  uneven,  and  the  soil  productive.  It 
has  2  stores,  cap.  $1,200 ;  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,600.  6  sch.  149  scholars. 
Pop.  431. 

Lowell,  city,  and  semi-capital  of  Middlesex 
co.,  Mass.,  25  n.  n.  w.  Boston,  444  W.,  in  the 
rapidity  of  its  growth,  and  the  extent  of  its  pop- 
ulation and  manufactures,  is  a  remarkable  place, 
and  well  deserves  the  appellation,  "  the  Manches- 
ter of  America."  An  example  of  an  equally 
rapid  growth  has  never  else  been  exhibited  m  the 
United  States.  It  lies  on  the  s.  side  of  the  Mer- 
rimac,  below  Pa wtucket  falls,  and  at  the  junction 
of  Concord  r.  with  the  Merrimac.  In  1820  it 
constituted  a  part  of  Chelmsford,  and  the  present 
territory  of  Lowell  then  contained  less  than  200  in- 
habitants, and  the  valuation  of  property  did  not 
exceed  $100,000.  In  1826  it  was  incorporated  as 
a  town ;  and  having  received  a  small  addition 
from  Tewksbury,  it  obtained,  in  1836,  the  charter 
of  a  city.  The  population  in  1830  was  6,474 ;  in 
1840,  20,796,  showing  an  increase  in  10  years  of 
14,322.  The  assessors'  valuation  of  property  in 
1840  was  $12,400,000. 

The  water  power  at  this  place  is  very  exten- 
sive and  easily  available.  It  is  produced  by  a 
canal  60  feet  wide,  8  feet  deep,  and  a  mile  and  a 
half  in  length,  commencing  at  the  head  of  Paw- 
tucket  falls,  and  extending  to  Concord  river.  By 
locks  at  its  outlet  into  Concord  r.,  it  forms  a  boat- 
able  passage  around  the  falls  in  the  Merrimac. 
From  the  main  canal,  the  water  is  carried  by  lat- 
eral canals  to  mills  and  manufactories,  where  it 
is  needed,  and  is  then  discharged,  either  into  the 
Merrimac  or  the  Concord.  The  entire  fall  is  30 
feet.  Before  the  project  was  entertained  of  using 
this  water  for  hydraulic  purposes,  a  canal  existed, 
made  by  a  corporation  created  in  1792,  for  the 
transportation  of  u  boats,  rafts,  and  masts  around 
the  falls."  About  the  year  1820,  this  canal  was 
purchased  by  a  company,  who,  under  the  origin- 
al charter  and  name  of  "  Proprietors  of  locks  and 
canals  on  Merrimac  river,"  in  1822  commenced 
enlarging  and  deepening  the  canal,  and  putting 
it  in  a  suitable  condition  to  supply  such  manufac- 
tories as  might  be  erected.    They  are  the  bottom 


LOW 


360 


LOW 


corporation,  or  root,of  nearly  all  the  manufacturing 
establishments  in  Lowell.  They  own  the  Paw- 
tucket  canal,  which  supplies  all  the  water  power, 
and  have  purchased  all  the  lands  adjoining  the 
river  on  both  sides  of  the  falls.  The  company  is 
landlord  and  grantor  of  nearly  all  the  other  cor- 
porations. They  have  an  extensive  machine 
shop,  of  brick,  5  stories  high,  and  250  feet  long  ; 
an  iron  foundry,  a  saw  mill,  a  planing  machine, 
with  ample  workshops,  furnaces,  and  outbuild- 
ings. They  give  constant  employment  to  the 
most  skilful  mechanics,  who  manufacture  the 
machinery  for  the  mills,  and  cars  and  locomo- 
tives for  railroads,  which  are  sent  to  every  part 
of  the  Union.  When  a  new  company  is  formed, 
it  contracts  with  the  "  Proprietors  of  Locks  and 
Canals,"  for  land  and  for  water  power,  suffi- 
cient to  drive  the  contemplated  number  of  ^  spin- 
dles ;  for  which  an  annual  rent  is  paid.  They 
then  contract  with  the  Proprietors  to  erect  the  de- 
sired number  of  mills,  and  to  fill  them  with  ma- 
chinery ready  for  running  ;  and  to  erect  counting, 
ware,  and  boarding  houses,  sufficient  for  all  op- 
eratives to  be  employed  in  the  mills.  For  the 
whole,  a  gross  sum  is  paid  ;  and  the  new  compa- 
ny has  little  concern  in  the  matter,  excepting  to 
see  that  every  thing  is  done  according  to  contract, 
until  the  first  mill  is  ready  to  run.  This  arrange- 
ment is  found  advantageous  to  both  parties.  The 
machine  shop  can  furnish  machinery  complete 
for  a  mill  of  5,000  spindles,  in  4  months.  All  the 
mills,  ware,  counting,  and  boarding  houses,  ex- 
cepting the  boarding  houses  of  the  oldest  com- 
Eany,  are  of  brick,  neatly  and  substantially 
uilt. 

Eleven  incorporated  manufacturing  companies 
in  this  city,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of 
$10,500,000,  are  supplied  with  water  by  the  Paw- 
tucket  canal,  from  the  original  company,  above 
named.  The  whole  number  of  mills  which  belong 
to  the  11  corporations,  exclusive  of  print  works,  is 
32;  the  number  of  spindles,  166,044;  and  5,183 
looms.  Females  employed,  6,430  ;  males,  2,077, 
Very  few  children  are  employed,  probably  not 
200,  under  15  years  of  age.  The  companies  pro- 
duce 58,263,000  yards  of  cloth  annually.  They 
consume  19,255,000  pounds  of  cotton,  or  53,340 
bales  a  year.  Two  companies  have  print  works 
and  dye  houses,  and  together  produce  13,780,000 
yards  of  dyed  and  printed  cloth  annually. 

The  goods  manufactured  at  Lowell  are  sheet- 
ings, flannels,  drillings,  prints,  shirtings,  negro- 
cloth,  carpets,  rugs,  broadcloths,  water-proof 
woollens,  and  cassimeres. 

For  manufacturing  purposes,  200  chaldrons  of 
smiths'  coal  are  consumed  in  a  year;  11,460  tons 
of  anthracite  coal ;  500,000  bushels  of  charcoal ; 
3,510  cords  of  wood;  3,000  barrels  of  flour  for 
starch  ;  600,000  pounds  of  starch ;  65,289  gallons 
of  oil,  of  which  5,000  gallons  are  olive  oil. 

Besides  the  above  named  companies,  there  are 
in  the  city,  the  Lowell  Bleachery,  with  a  capital 
of  $50,000  ;  Whitney  Mills,  capital  $100,000,  for 
the  manufacture  of  milled  blankets  ;  and  exten- 
sive powder  mills,  which  make  superior  gunpow- 
der. There  are  also  various  mills  and  manufac- 
tories, owned  by  individuals.  New  companies 
and  manufactories  are  continually  springing  up ; 
and  much  water  power  is  unimproved. 

The  average  wages  of  female  operatives,  ex- 
clusive of  board,  is  2  dollars  a  week,  but  some 
of  them  earn  double  that ;  the  males,  on  an  aver- 
age, 80  cents  a  day,  exclusive  of  board.  All  the 
corporations  and  private  companies  pay  off  their  |  public  interest, 
hands  once  a  month,  but  on  different  days.    r 


erable  portion  of  which  is  deposited  by  the  re- 
ceivers in  the  "Lowell  Savings  Institution." 

A  railroad  from  Lowell  to  Boston,  26  miles,  was 
completed  in  1835,  which  is  very  thoroughly  con- 
structed. Andover  Branch  railroad  extends  from 
it,  10  miles  from  the  city,  and  goes  to  Dover,  New 
Hampshire.  The  Lowell  and  Nashua  railroad 
extends  9  ms.  to  New  Hampshire  line.  The 
Merrimac  canal  leaves  the  Merrimac,  2  miles 
above  Lowell,  and  proceeds  to  Boston  harbor. 

Among  the  literary  institutions,  the  lyceum, 
for  procuring  courses  of  lectures,  and  for  debate, 
has  existed  a  number  of  years ;  and  more  recent- 
ly, the  Lowell  Institute  has  been  formed,  for  sim- 
ilar purposes.  But  the  most  remarkable  institu- 
tion is  the  Mechanics'  Association,  formed  by  in- 
telligent mechanics,  and  incorporated  many  years 
ago.  They  have  a  costly  brick  edifice,  called 
Mechanics'  Hall,  which  has  a  fine  lecture  room, 
in  which  courses  are  annually  delivered,  togeth- 
er with  a  handsome  library,  and  an  extensive 
reading  room,  which  is  always  open,  and  a  fine 
mineralogical  cabinet. 

The  citizens  of  Lowell  have  taken  a  great  in- 
terest in  the  cause  of  education.  The  whole 
amount  raised  in  1840  for  schools  by  taxation  was 
$17,500.  Besides  this,  the  city  erected  an  elegant 
edifice  for  a  high  school,  which  cost  $28,000; 
and  2  houses  for  grammar  schools,  which  cost  to- 
gether $30,000.  There  are  29  public  free  schools. 
There  are  6  grammar  schools,  besides  the  two 
above  mentioned.  About  one  eighth  of  the  pop- 
ulation is  Catholic,  but  they  have  entered,  with 
spirit,  into  the  business  of  education.  The  whole 
number  of  pupils  in  all  the  schools  is  over  4,000. 
There  are  2  newspapers  in  the  place,  each 
published  tri-weekly  ;  2  weekly  papers  from  the 
same  offices,  and  3  other  weekly  papers  devoted 
to  religion  and  literature.  A  magazine,  called 
"the  Offering,"  is  issued,  consisting  of  original 
communications,  chiefly  by  the  young  ladies  in 
the  factories,  under  the  general  superintendence 
of  a  clergyman,  which  is  very  respectable. 

There  are  15  congregations  with  settled  minis- 
ters, and  several  others  which  constantly  worship 
in  halls,  and  the  churches  are  well  attended.  It 
is  abundantly  proved  by  this  splendid  model  of 
American  manufacturing  cities,  that  this  employ- 
ment has  no  necessary  tendency  to  depress  the 
intellect,  or  to  corrupt  the  morals. 

The  Lowell  Bank,  with  a  capital  of  $250,000, 
was  chartered  in  1828.  The  Savings  Bank  was 
chartered  in  1829,  and  has  its  office  at  the  Low- 
ell Bank.  The  Railroad  Bank  was  chartered  in 
1831,  with  a  capital  of  $800,000,  to  facilitate  the 
financial  affairs  of  the  manufacturing  companies, 
most  of  which  pay  their  operatives  in  its  bills. 

The  territory  of  Lowell  does  not  exceed  2  ms. 
square.  The  Indian  name  of  it  was  Warns  it,  the 
seat  of  a  tribe  of  praying  Indians,  at  the  break- 
ing out  of  Philip's  war,  in  1765.  It  was  named 
in  honor  of  Francis  C.  Lowell,  of  Boston,  distin- 
guished for  his  efforts  to  introduce  the  cotton  man- 
ufacture into  the  United  States. 

That  a  place  which,  20  years  since,  had  not  a 
"  local  habitation,  nor  a  name,"  should  have  be- 
come the  second  place  in  population  in  Massa- 
chusetts, the  fourteenth  in  the  United  States, 
larger  than  any  city  s.  of  the  Potomac,  excepting 
Charleston  and  New  Orleans,  is  proof  of  what 
manufactures,  properly  conducted,  can  accom- 
plish. Nor  have  these  manufacturers  benefited 
themselves  more  than  they  have  promoted  the 
..  ,  public  interest.  Cottons  which,  20  years  since, 
The  |  would  have  cost  30  cents  a  yard,  can  now  be 


whole  amount  of  wages  paid  to  operatives  in  each  j  purchased  for  6  cents  ;  and  such  establishments 
month  is  $160,000  an  an  average ;  a  very  consid- 1  as  those  at  Lowell,  have  wrought  this  change. 


LOW 


361 


LOW 


There  were  in  1840,  191  retail  stores,  capital 
$373,300;  5  lumber  yards,  cap.  $19,000;  1  fur- 
nace, cap.  $3,5iR);  4  fulling  m.,  8  woollen  fac, 
cap.  $55],3(X) ;  26  cotton  fac.  166,000  sp.,  3  dye- 
ing and  printing  estab.,  total  cap.  $8,000,000;  3 
powder  m.,  cap.  $150,000;  1  paper  foe,  capital 
$8,000 ;  1  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  cap. 
$50,000 ;  2  printing  offices,  2  binderies,  3  weekly, 
2  send- weekly  newspapers,  and  1  periodical,  cap. 
$10,000.  Total  cap.  in  manufac.  $8,837,460.  7 
acad.  1,311  studenis,  28  sch.  4,306  scholars. 

Lowell,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  O.,  96  e.  s.  e. 
Columbus,  312  W. 

Lowellville,  p-v.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  184  n. 
e.  Columbus,  297  W. 

Lower,  t.,  Cape  May  co.,  N.  J.  It  is  the  most 
southern  t.  in  the  state,  bounded  s.  by  the  Atlan- 
tic, and  w.  by  Delaware  bay.  More  than  half 
of  it  is  covered  with  sea-beach  and  salt  marsh ; 
soil  of  the  remainder,  clay.  Drained  by  Pond, 
New  England,  and  Cox  Hall  creeks.  Cape  May, 
island  and  light-house,  are  in  the  t.  It  has  6 
stores,  cap.  $9,100;  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$200.    6  sch.  240  scholars.    Pop.  1,133. 

Lower  Bartlett,  p-o.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H.,  74 
N.  N.  E.  Concord,  560  W. 

Lower  Alloways  Creek,  t,  Salem  co.,  N. 
J.,  9  s.  Salem.  The  surface  is  level,  more  than 
half  of  which  is  marsh  meadow,  extensively  em- 
banked; soil  on  the  e.  a  deep  clay  and  loam, 
well  cultivated.  Drained  by  Hope,  Deep,  and 
Muddy  creeks,  which  flow  into  the  Delaware. 
It  contains  a  Methodist  and  a  Friends  church. 
It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $4,800 ;  1  grist  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $1,047.     Pop.  1,252. 

Lower  Berne,  p-o.,  Berne  t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa., 
60  e.  Harrisburg,  153  W. 

Lower  Blue  Lick,  p-o.,  Nicholas  co.,  Ky., 
68  e.  by  n.  Frankfort,  485  W. 

Lower  Chanceford,  p-t.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  51 
s.  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  91  W.  Susquehanna  r. 
bounds  it  on  the  e.,  and  Muddy  cr.,  a  branch  of 
the  Susquehanna,  on  the  s.  w.  and  s.  Watered 
by  Tom's  cr.  and  Orson's  run.  McCall's  ferry 
here  crosses  the  Susquehanna.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $8,500 ;  1  woollen  fac,  1  furnace,  1  forge, 
1  tannery,  1  paper  fee,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $21,770.  5  sch.  125  scholars.  Population 
1,291. 

Lower  Chichester,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  Pa., 
20  s.  w.  Philadelphia.  Watered  by  Hook  cr.4  a 
branch  of  Naaman's  cr.  The  surface  is  level ; 
soil,  loam.  It  has  excellent  apple  orchards.  It 
has  2  stores,  cap.  $2,600 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fee,  2  cotton  fee  14,056  sp.,  1  tannery,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $90,700.  1  sch.  88  scholars. 
Pop.  666. 

Lower  Dublin,  t.,  Philadelphia  co.,  Pa.  Sur- 
face, gentle  declivities ;  soil,  sandy  loam.  Drain- 
ed by  Pennypack  cr.  and  Saw  Mill  run,  which 
afford  water  power.  It  contains  3  Baptist,  1 
Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist  church.  It  has  12 
stores,  cap.  $23,100 ;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $5,000 ; 
5  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $231,825. 
5  acad.  235  students,  3  sch.  73  scholars.  Pop. 
3,298. 

Lower  Gilmanton,  p-o.,  Gilmanton  t.,  Bel- 
knap co.,  N.  H.,  18  n.  by  e.  Concord,  499  W. 

Lower  Kinzua,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  Pa.,  217  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  309. 

Lower  Macungy,  t.,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.  The 
surface  is  level ;  soil,  calcareous  loam.  It  has  5 
stores,  cap.  $24,000 ;  1  woollen  fee,  1  tannery,  2 
distilleries,  6  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manulae  $40,030.     Pop.  2,156. 

Lower  Mahanoy,  t.,  Northumberland  co.,  Pa. 
It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $1,200 ;  2  tanneries,  4  distil- 
46 


leries,  2  potteries,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$7,325.    4  sch.  107  scholars.     Pop.  1,199. 

Lower  Mahantango,  p-t.,  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa., 
55  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  165  W.  Crossed  by  Broad 
and  Sharp's  mountains.  Its  valleys  are  fertile  ; 
soil,  red  shale.  Watered  by  Deep  and  Swatara 
creeks.  Anthracite  coal  is  found.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $10,000;  2  tanneries,  5  grist  m.,  13 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $700.  1  sch.  30  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  1,465. 

Lower  Makefield,  t.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  24  n. 
e.  Philadelphia.  The  surface  is  rolling;  soil, 
clay  and  sandy  loam.  Delaware  canal  runs 
along  its  e.  boundary.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$7,000  ;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $3,000 ;  1  tannery, 

2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $16,750. 
4  sch.  232  scholars.     Pop.  1,550. 

Lower  Loutre,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Mo. 
Pop.  1,307. 

Lower  Marlborough,  p-v.,  Calvert  co.,  Md., 
41  s.  w.  Annapolis.    Pop.  100. 

Lower  Merion,  p-t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa., 
93  e.  Harrisburg,  150  W.  Watered  by  Schuyl- 
kill r.  and  Mill  and  Cobb's  creeks.  The  surface 
is  rolling ;  soil,  a  fertile  loam.  It  has  9  stores, 
cap.  $13,950;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $6,500;  2 
woollen  fee,  3  cotton  foe  1,532  sp.,  7  paper  foe, 

3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $117,170. 
6  sch.  734  scholars.    Pop.  2,827. 

Lower  Middleton,  b.,  Swatara  L,  Dauphin, 
co.,  Pa.  Situated  near  the  junction  of  Swatara 
and  Susquehanna  rivers,  and  at  the  union  of  the 
Pennsylvania  and  Union  canals.  It  was  incor- 
porated in  1829,  and  contains  2  churches,  7  stores, 
and  about  200  dwellings.  4  sch.  210  scholars. 
Pop.  756. 

Lower  Mt.  Bethel,  t.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa. 
It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $15,500  ;  5  tanneries,  1  pow- 
der m.,  1  flouring  m.,  8  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $45,360.  5  sch.  185  scholars.  Pop. 
2,957. 

Lower  Nazareth,  t.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa. 
The  surface  is  level  ;  soil,  calcareous  loam. 
Drained  by  Manookisy  cr.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$5,000;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $2,000;  2  sch.  116 
scholars.    Pop.  1,201. 

Lower  Oxford,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  41  s.  w. 
Philadelphia.  The  surface  is  gently  uneven; 
soil,  loam.  Watered  by  branches  of  Octarara 
and  Elk  creeks.  The  v.,  called  Oxford,  contains 
1  Presbyterian  church,  2  stores,  and  15  or  20 
dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  4  stores,  cap. 
$9,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  foe,  3  cotton  fac. 
2,500  sp.,  1  tannery,  2  paper  fee,  4  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  m  manufac.  $53,125.  3 
sch.  75  scholars.    Pop.  1,222. 

Lower  Peach  Tree,  p-o.,  Wilcox  co.,  Ala., 
115  s.  Tuscaloosa,  907  W. 

Lower  Paxton,  t.,  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  6  n.  e. 
Harrisburg.  Watered  by  Beaver  and  Paxton's 
creeks.  Blue  mountain  runs  on  its  n.  border. 
It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,000;  1  woollen  fee,  1 
tannery,  1  distillery,  1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $5,150.     1  sch."45  scholars.    Pop.  1,337. 

Lower  Penns  Neck,  N.  J.  (See  Penns  Neck, 
Lower.) 

Lower  Providence,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa. 
The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  red  shale.  Drained 
by  Perkiomen  and  Shippack  creeks.  Lead  ore 
is  found  on  the  former.  It  has  5  stores,  cap 
$21,500;  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  7  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,646.  4  sch.  268 
scholars.    Pop.  1,413. 

Lower  Rock  Island,  p-o.,  Rock  Island  co., 
111.,  165  n.  n.  w.  Springfield,  894  W. 

Lower  Salem,  p-o.,  Salem  t.,  Waslungton 
co.,  O.,  114  E.  s.  z.  Columbus,  302  W. 


LOW 


362 


LOY 


Lower  Salford,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  25 
N.  w.  Philadelphia.  Drained  by  branches  of 
Perkiomen  and  Shippack  creeks.  The  surface 
is  rolling;  soil,  red  shale  and  loam.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $10,500  ;  1  tannery,  4  grist  m.,  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,350.  5  sch.  200  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,141. 

Lower  Sandusky,  p-v.,  Sandusky  t.,  capital 
of  Sandusky  co.,  O.,  105  n.  Columbus,  423  W. 
Situated  on  the  w.  bank  of  Sandusky  r.,  which 
is  navigable  to  this  place  for  small  steamboats. 
It  contains  a  court  house,  2  churches,  10  stores, 
2  warehouses,  1  grist  m ,  and  1  saw  m.  Fort 
Stevenson  was  situated  here,  where  Col.  Croghan 
made  a  gallant  defence,  in  the  last  war,  against 
the  British  and  Indians.  The  remains  of  it  are 
still  seen.    Pop.  of  t.  1,117. 

Lower  Saucon,  p-t,  Northampton  co.,  Pa., 
99  E.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  192  W.  The  surface  is 
hilly ;  soil,  gravel  and  calcareous  loam.  Wa- 
tered by  Lehigh  r.  and  Saucon  cr.  and  its  tribu- 
taries. Two  bridges  here  cross  the  Lehigh.  It 
contains  the  v.  of  Hellerstown.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $18,000 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  distillery, 
1  paper  fac,  2  flouring  m.,  7  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $70,200.  7  sch.  350 
scholars.    Pop.  2,710. 

Lower  St.  Clair,  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.  The 
surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  loam.  Monongahela  and 
Ohio  rivers  bound  it  on  the  n.  Drained  by 
Chartier's  cr.  and  Saw  Mill  run.  Coal  abounds 
on  the  bank  of  the  r.  It  contains  the  v.  of  Bir- 
mingham, opposite  to,  and  1  mile  below  Pitts- 
burg. It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $13,800 ;  3  furnaces, 
1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $5,000 ;  1  tannery,  2  glass 
fac,  2  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1  oil  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $72,200.  1  acad.  12  students, 
12  sch.  600  scholars.     Pop.  4,373. 

Lower  Swatara,  t.,  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  5  s.  e. 
Harrisburg.  Susquehanna  r.  bounds  it  on  the  s. 
w.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  calcareous  loam 
and  slate.  Watered  by  Spring  and  other  creeks. 
Harrisburg  lies  partly  in  this  t.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $5,900;  4  lumber  yards,  cap.  $31,000;  2 
flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $1,900.    2  sch.  95  scholars.     Pop.  1,253. 

Lower  Smithfield,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  Pa.  It 
has  6  stores,  cap.  $14,000 ;  4  tanneries,  1  grist  m., 
5  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,500.     Pop.  1,192. 

Lower  Three  Runs,  p-o.,  Barnwell  dist.,  S. 
C,  128  s.  Columbia,  624  W. 

Lower  Waterford,  p-o.,  Caledonia  co.,  Vt., 
53  e.  n.  e.  Montpelier,  543  W. 

Lower  Windsor,  t.,  York  co.,  Pa.  It  has  5 
stores,  cap.  $11,100;  1  furnace,  1  forge,  1  tanne- 
ry, 2  distilleries,  1  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $35,015.  7  sch.  150  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,637. 

Lowe's,  p-o.,  Robertson  co.,  Tenn.,  22  s.  w. 
Nashville,  706  W. 

Low  Hill,  p-t.,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  88  E.  N.  E. 
Harrisburg,  181  W.  The  surface  is  hilly;  soil, 
white  gravel.  It  contains  a  Lutheran  church  in 
its  s.  w.  part.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $7,500;  1 
tannery,  5  distilleries,  5  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  2  oil 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,500.  4  sch.  120  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  854. 

Low's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Natchitoches  parish,  La., 
417  n.  w.  by  w.  New  Orleans,  1,346  W. 

Loweville,  p-v.,  Madison  co.,  Ala.,  163  N.  n. 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  705  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  side 
of  Flint  r. 

Low  Hampton,  p-o.,  Hampton  t.,  Washington 
co.,  N.  Y.,  78  n.  N.  E.  Albany,  448  W. 

Lowman,  p-o.,  Lewis  co.,  Va.,  307  w.  N.  w. 
Richmond,  276  W.  Situated  on  Hughes'  r.,  a 
branch  of  Little  Kanawha,  which  is  navigable 


for  small  vessels.  Great  quantities  of  lumber 
pass  down  the  r. 

Lowndes,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  2,080  sq.  ms.  Watered 
by  Suwannee  and  Withlacoochee  rivers.  Capi- 
tal, Troupsville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 41,003,  sheep  2,458,  swine  20,349;  wheat 
2,383  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  130,198,  buck- 
wheat 56,285,  oats  1,172,  potatoes  25,512,  cotton 
275,696  pounds ;  5  stores,  cap.  $40,000 ;  1  distil- 
lery, 9  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  1  sch.  12  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  4,394,  slaves  1,177,  free  col'd  3; 
total,  5,574. 

Lowndes,  county,  Ala.  Situated  a  little  s.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,600  sq.  ms. 
Alabama  r.  bounds  it  on  the  n.,  by  branches  of 
which  it  is  watered.  Capital,  Haynesville. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,750,  sheep  801, 
swine  97,365  ;  wheat  1,421  bush,  produced,  rye 
1,736,  Ind.  corn  162,540,  oats  11,113,  potatoes 
10,353,  rice  4,743  pounds,  cotton  803,932  ;  30 
stores,  cap.  $129,300  ;  3  tanneries.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $4,750.  4  acad.  247  students,  3  sch.  100 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,956,  slaves  12,569,  free 
col'd  14 ;  total,  19,539. 

Lowndes,  county,  Miss.  Situated  in  the  v.. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  324  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Tombigbee  r.  and  its  branches.  Surface  un- 
dulating ;  soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Columbus.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  11,960,  sheep  3,669, 
swine  29,463 ;  wheat  13,663  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  575,140,  oats  39,915,  potatoes  3,100,  cotton 
7,153,056  pounds;  20  stores,  cap.  $190,000;  10 
tanneries,  9  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.,  17  oil  m.,  2  print- 
ing offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $36,600 ;  1  college,  54  students,  2  acad.  75 
students,  8  sch.  221  scholars.  Pop.  whites  5,730, 
slaves  8,771,  free  col'd  12  ;  total,  14,513. 

Lowndes,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  Mo.,  209  s.  v.. 
Jefferson  City,  920  W. 

Lowndesborough,  p-v.,  Lowndes  co.,  Ala., 
118  s.  e.  by  s.  Tuscaloosa,  858  W. 

Lowndesville,  p-v.,  Abbeville  dist.,  S.  C, 
113  w.  Columbia,  550  W. 

Lowrance's  Mill,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.  C, 
166  w.  Raleigh,  403  W. 

Lowther's  Run,  p-o.,  Lewis  co.,  Va.,  299  w. 
N.  w.  Richmond,  267  W. 

Lowville,  p-t.,  Lewis  co.,  N.  Y.,  137  n.  w. 
Albany,  436  W.  The  surface  is  rolling;  soil 
very  fertile,  particularly  on  Black  r.,  which 
bounds  it  on  the  e.  The  v.  contains  3  churches 
— 1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist — an 
academy,  a  bank,  7  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m., 
100  dwellings,  and  about  650  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.  6  stores,  cap.  $11,800;  1  fulling  m.,  8 
saw  m.,  3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  printing  office, 
1  weekly  newspaper,  1  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $23,465.  16  sch.  601  scholars. 
Pop.  2,047. 

Lloyd's,  p-o.,  Essex  co.,  Va.,  54  n.  e.  Rich- 
mond, 93  W. 

Loyalhannah,  t.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.  It 
has  8  sch.  240  scholars.    Pop.  1,130. 

Loyalsock,  t.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $1,000;  1  furnace,  1  forge,  1  distillery, 
1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $39,500. 
5  sch.  145  scholars.    Pop.  1,107. 

Loyalsock,  r.,  Pa.,  rises  in  Bradford  co.,  and 
falls  into  the  w.  branch  of  Susquehanna  r.,  4  ms. 
below  Wiltiamsport. 

Loydsville,  p-v.,  Belmont  co.,  O.,  109  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 284  W. 

Loysburg,  p-o.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  109  w.  by  s. 
Harrisburg,  135  W. 

Loy's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Anderson  co.,  Term., 
194  e.  Nashville,  500  W. 


LUM 


363 


LUR 


Lubec,  p-t.,  and  port  of  entry,  Washington  co., 
Me.,  180  k.  n.  e.  Augusta,  766  W.  Situated  at 
the  w.  entrance  of  Passamaquoddy  bay,  where  is 
a  light-house,  on  a  point  of  land.  It  has  a  good 
harbor,  protected  by  Grand  Menan  island.  It 
has  a  number  of  bays  and  entrances,  and  some 
islands.  The  soil  is  fertile.  It  has  13  stores, 
cap.  $38,000 ;  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  9  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $91,517.  12  sch.  847  scholars. 
Pop.  2,307. 

Lucas,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  n.  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  600  sq.  ms.  Maumee 
r.  runs  on  its  s.  e.  border.  Watered  by  St.  Jo- 
seph's r.  and  Bear  cr.  The  surface  is  level; 
soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Toledo.  There  were  in 
J840,  neat  cattle  11,597,  sheep  3,103,  swine 
18,381 ;  wheat  103,838  bush,  produced,  rye  5,245, 
Ind.  corn  154,017,  buckwheat  13,968,  barley 
59,922,  oats  62,444,  potatoes  122,904,  sugar  14,061 
pounds ;  6  commission  houses,  cap.  $26,350 ;  41 
stores,  cap.  $97,115;  1  brewery,  5  grist  m.,  19 
saw  m.,  3  printing  offices.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$74,365.  43  sch.  1,151  scholars.  Population, 
9,382. 

Lucasville,  p-t.,  Jefferson  t.,  Scioto  co.,  O., 
78  s.  Columbus,  412  W. 

Lucerne,  p-o.,  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  38  w. 
Detroit,  542  W. 

Lucksville,  p-o.,  Hall  co.,  Ga.,  124  n.  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  627  W. 

Lucy's  Creek,  p-o.,  Gasconade  co.,  Mo.,  22 
E.  Jefferson  City,  914  W. 

Ludlow,  p-t.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  80  s.  Montpe- 
lier,  472  W.  Chartered  in  1761.  The  surface  is 
mountainous  ;  soil  adapted  to  grazing.  Watered 
by  Black  r.,  on  which  is  a  pleasant  v.,  containing 
a  church,  several  stores,  and  30  or  40  dwellings. 
The  Congregationalists,  Baptists,  and  Methodists 
have  churches  in  the  t.  There  are  in  the  t.  3 
stores,  cap.  $10,500 ;  3  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $19,260.  1  acad.  130  students,  16  sch.  488 
scholars.     Pop.  1,363. 

Ludlow,  p-t.,  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  82  w.  by 
s.  Boston,  373  W.  Watered  by  Chickapee  r., 
which  affords  water  power.  Incorporated  in 
1774.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $2,000 ;  1  grist  m.,  3 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,000.  10  sch.  250 
scholars.     Pop.  1,268. 

Ludlowville,  p-v.,  Lansing  t.,  Tompkins  co., 
N.  Y.,  172  w.  by  s.  Albany,  305  W.  Situated  on 
Salmon  cr.,  where  is  a  fall  of  nearly  100  feet.  It 
contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist  church, 
4  stores,  2  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  cloth- 
ier's works,  1  tannery,  90  dwellings,  and  about 
450  inhabitants. 

Lumber  City,  p-v.,  Telfair  co.,  Ga.,  138  s.  by 
E.  Milledgeville,  750  W. 

Lumber,  t.,  Clinton  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  grist  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000.     Pop.  105. 

Lumberland,  p-t.,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  Y.,  129  s. 
w.  Albany,  287  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil, 
gravelly  loam,  timbered  with  oak  and  pine. 
Drained  by  Mongoup  r.  and  other  branches  of 
Delaware  r.,  which  runs  on  its  s.  w.  border.  It 
has  9  stores,  cap.  $4,510 ;  3  grist  m.,  39  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $69,200.  4  sch.  272  scholars. 
Pop.  1,205. 

Lumberport,  p-v.,  Harrison  co.,  Va.,  261  n. 
w.  Richmond,  221  W. 

Lumber,  r.,  N.  C.  and  S.  C,  a  n.  e.  branch  of 
Little  Pedee  r.,  which  it  enters  on  the  boundary 
between  Marion  and  Horry  districts. 

Lumberton,  p-v.,  Clinton  co.,  O.,  74  s.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 453  W. 

Lumberton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Robeson  co.,  N. 
C,  91  s.  by  w.  Raleigh  379  W.    Situated  on  the 


e.  bank  of  Lumber  r.     It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

LuMBERvn.r.K,  p-v.,  Solebury  t.,  Bucks  co. 
Pa.,  117  e.  Harrisburg,  17 J  W.  Situated  on  the 
w.  bank  of  Delaware  r.,  and  contains  2  stores,  1 
grist  m.,  and  15  or  16  dwellings.  It  has  consid- 
erable trade  in  lumber. 

Lumpkin,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  700  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Etowah  and  Chestatee  rivers,  and  their 
branches.  Surface,  hilly ;  soil  on  the  streams, 
very  fertile.  It  contains  the  richest  gold  mines 
in  the  country.  Capital,  Dahlonega.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,602,  sheep  2,116,  swine 
14,383;  wheat  10,061  bush,  produced,  rye  777, 
Ind.  corn  214,754,  oats  9,924,  potatoes  7,813,  to- 
bacco 4,217  pounds,  cotton  17,812;  36  stores, 
cap.  $91,500;  91  smelting  houses  produced  gold 
to  the  value  of  $74,460 ;  1  tannery,  27  distilleries, 
1  pottery,  29  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $2,920.  14  sch.  352  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
5,143,  slaves  516,  free  col'd  12  ;  total  5,671. 

Lumpkin,  p-v.,  capital  of  Stewart  co.,  Ga.,  137 
s.  w.  Milledgeville,  793  W.  Situated  on  the  s. 
side  of  Hannahatchee  cr.,  16  ms.  e.  from  its  en- 
trance into  Chattahoochee  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  1  Baptist  and  1  Methodist  church,  14 
stores,  and  36  dwellings. 

Lunenburg,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  s. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  410  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Meherrin  r.  and  its  branches.  Capital, 
Lewistown.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
7,470,  sheep  9,004,  swine  15,805  ;  wheat  26,824 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  274,547,  oats  138,245, 
potatoes  10,136,  tobacco  2,640,000  pounds,  cotton 
8,590;  30  stores,  cap.  $111,152;  3  tanneries,  22 
grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  12  sch.  230  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  4,132,  slaves  6,707,  free  col'd  216  ;  total, 
11,055. 

Lunenburg,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  58  e.  n.  e. 
Montpelier,  567  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Connecticut  r.,  which  runs  on  its  s.  e.  border. 
Fifteen  Mile  falls,  on  that  r.,  commence  in  the  s. 
E.  part  of  the  t.  Watered  by  Neal's  pond  and 
Neal's  branch,  which  passes  through  it,  and  Cat- 
bow  branch,  which  afford  good  water  power.  It 
has  a  Congregational  and  a  Baptist  church. 
Chartered  in  1763.  It  contains  2  stores,  cap. 
$4,500  ;  1  fulling  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $3,800.     11  sch.  377  scholars.     Pop.  1,130. 

Lunenburg,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  46  n. 
w.  Boston,  428  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil, 
fertile.  Watered  by  branches  of  Nashau  r.  In- 
corporated in  1728.  It  contains  1  store,  cap. 
$5,000 ;  2  tanneries,  2  printing  offices,  1  bindery, 

1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $29,161. 
10  sch.  424  scholars.     Pop.  1,272. 

Lunenburg,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Lunen- 
burg co.,  Va.,  78  s.  w.  Richmond,  197  W.  It 
contains  a  handsome  brick  court  house,  with  a 
portico  of  4  columns  in  front,  jail,  clerk's  office, 

2  stores,  20  dwellings,  and  about  100  inhabit- 
ants.   (See  Lewistown.) 

Luney's  Creek,  p-o.,  Hardy  co.,  Va.,  190  n. 
w.  Richmond,  142  W. 

Luray,  p-v.,  capital  of  Page  co.,  Va.,  130  N. 
w.  Richmond,  96  WT.  Situated  on  Hawksbill 
cr.  Organized  in  1814,  when  the  first  house 
was  built.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  2 
churches— 1  Baptist  and  1  Methodist — 4  stores,  1 
tannery,  50  dwellings,  and  400  inhabitants. 

Luray,  p-v.,  Union  t.,  Licking  co.,  O.,  25  e. 
Columbus,  368  W.  It  contains  1  church,  2 
stores,  and  109  inhabitants.  It  is  surrounded  by 
a  rich  and  fertile  country. 

Luray,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  la.,  57  e.  Indianapolis, 
538  W. 


LYK 


364 


LYN 


Lurgan,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  13  n.  Chambers- 
burg.  The  surface  is  a  level  valley ;  soil,  slate. 
Drained  by  the  n.  and  s.  branch  of  Conedogwin- 
nit  cr.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $4,500 ;  2  tanneries, 
5  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$10,000.     7  sch.  250  scholars.     Pop.  1,143. 

Lusk's  Mills,  p-o.,  Parke  co.,  la.,  74  w.  Indian- 
apolis, 645  W. 

Luthersburg,  p-v.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  145  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  237  W. 

Lutherville,  p-v.,  Meriwether  co.,  Ga.,  108 
w.  Milledgeville,  727  W. 

Luzerne,  county,  Pa.  Situated  toward  the 
N.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,310  sq.  ms. 
Watered  by  Susquehanna  r.  The  surface  is 
greatly  diversified.  The  valleys  are  fertile. 
Much  of  it  is  incapable  of  cultivation.  Anthra- 
cite coal  is  extensively  found.  Capital,  Wilkes- 
barre.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  30,241, 
sheep  52,415,  swine  37,007 ;  wheat  244,389  bush, 
produced,  rye  97,504,  Indian  corn  252,235,  buck- 
wheat 131,923,  oats  319,094,  potatoes  384,217, 
anthracite  coal  207,878  ;  134  stores,  capital 
$537,400;  6  furnaces,  1  forge,  12  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  24  tanneries,  5  distilleries,  2  brew- 
eries, 4  powder  m.,  1  pottery,  1  rope  fac,  30 
flouring  ra.,  45  grist  m.,  212  saw  m.,  1  paper  fac, 
2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $860,390.  5  acad.  140  students,  182 
sch.  7,418  scholars.     Pop.  44,006. 

Luzerne,  t.,  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  12  N.  w.  Union- 
town.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  calcareous 
loam.  It  lies  on  the  great  bend  of  Monongahela 
r.,  which  bounds  it  n.  and  w.  Drained  by  Dun- 
lap's  cr.,  across  which  is  a  bridge,  connecting  it 
with  Brownsville.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $6,000  ; 
2  tanneries,  4  flouring  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $5,330.  4  schools,  95  scholars.  Pop. 
1,715. 

Luzerne,  p-t.,  Warren  co.,  N.  Y.  Situated  on 
the  E.  side  of  Hudson  r.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
excepting  near  the  Hudson.  The  v.,  situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  the  r.,  contains  1  church,  3  stores, 
1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  clothier's  works,  40  dwell- 
ings, and  about  250  inhabitants.  There  are  in 
the  t.  4  stores,  cap.  $4,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tan- 
nery, 2  grist  m.,  21  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$1,500.     11  sch.  435  scholars.     Pop.  1,284. 

Lycoming,  county,  Pa.  Situated  a  little  n.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,600  square 
miles.  Drained  by  the  w.  branch  of  Susquehan- 
na r.  and  its  tributaries.  The  surface  is  broken 
and  mountainous  ;  the  soil,  in  the  valleys  and  on 
the  streams,  is  fertile.  A  canal  passes  along  the 
w.  branch  of  Susquehanna  r.,  through  the  co., 
connecting  with  the  Pennsylvania  canal,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Juniata.  Capital,  Williamsport. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  16,713,  sheep 
24,548,  swine  26,030;  wheat  231,757  bushels 
produced,  rye  116,939,  Indian  corn  177,082,  buck- 
wheat 63,209,  oats  208,715,  potatoes  194,113, 
sugar  38,242  pounds ;  67  stores,  cap.  $252,400  ; 
9  lumber  yards,  cap.  $2,600;  1  fulling  m.,  9 
woollen  fac,  20  tanneries,  11  distilleries,  1  pot- 
tery, 3  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers,  1 
flouring  m.,  43  grist  m.,  55  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $374;683.  3  acad.  52  students,  118 
sch.  4,094  scholars.    Pop.  22,649. 

Lycoming,  t.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous,  excepting  on  the  streams, 
where,  and  in  the  valleys,  is  fertile  land.  Soil, 
calcareous  loam.  Drained  by  Lycoming  creek, 
which  flows  into  the  Susquehanna  r.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $16,000 ;  3  tanneries.  3  grist  m.,  8 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $22,250.  1  acad.  8 
students,  6  sch.  183  scholars.  Pop.  1,917. 
Lykens,  t.,  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  26  n.  Harrisburg. 


The  surface  is  mountainous ;  soil,  red  shale. 
Watered  by  Wiconisco,  Little,  and  Mahantango 
creeks.  It  contains  coal,  very  easy  of  access.  It 
has  3  stores,  cap.  $8,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanne- 
ries, 2  distilleries,  5  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  7  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $19,400.  8  sch.  295  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,409. 

LYKiNS,t.,  Crawford  co.,  O.,  8  N.by  w.  Bucy- 
rus.     It  has  8  sch.  246  scholars.     Pop.  742. 

Lyman,  p-t.,  York  co.,  Me.,  72  s.  w.  Augusta, 
523  W.  Watered  by  branches  of  the  Saco  and 
Kennebunk  rivers,  the  latter  of  which  rises  in  a 
pond  near  its  centre.  It  has  3  stores,  capital 
$1,200;  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  13  sch.  515  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,478. 

Lyman,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  107  n.  n.  w. 
Concord,  533  W.  Watered  by  Burnham's  r.,  a 
branch  of  Ammonoosuc  r.  Connecticut  r.  runs  on 
its  w.  boundary,  and  here  is  a  part  of  the  Fif- 
teen Mile  falls,  which  terminate  a  little  below.  It 
has  2  stores,  cap.  $7,000 ;  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $2,350.     9  sch.  580  scholars.     Pop.  1,480. 

Lyman  Centre,  p-o.,  Lyman  t.,  York  co.,  Me., 
74  s.  w.  Augusta,  522  W. 

Lymansville,  p-v.,  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  167  n.  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  277  W. 

Lyme,  p-t,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H,  53  n.  w.  Con- 
cord, 498  W.  Connecticut  r.  runs  on  its  w.  bor- 
der, by  small  branches  of  which  it  is  watered. 
The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  generally  fertile. 
Chartered  in  1764.     It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $19,000 ; 

fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  11  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $22,100.  1  acad.  100  students, 
16  sch.  531  scholars.     Pop.  1,785. 

Lyme,  p-t,  New  London  co.,  Ct,  45  s.  by  e. 
Hartford,  338  W.  Incorporated  in  1667.  Situ- 
ated on  the  e.  side  of  Connecticut  river,  at  its 
mouth,  where  is  a  ferry  to  Saybrook.  Near  the 
sound,  the  surface  is  level,  or  moderately  hilly, 
with  considerable  salt  marsh.  Toward  -the  N. 
the  surface  is  stony  and  mountainous,  where  the 
soil  is  chiefly  adapted  to  grazing.  There  are  6 
churches  in  the  t — 4  Congregational,  and  2  Bap- 
tist. The  v.  is  on  a  plain,  and  on  one  street, 
half  a  mile  E.  of  the  river.  There  are  in  the  t 
8  stores,  cap.  $35,050;  1  lumber  yard,  capital 
$3,000  ;  3  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  3  tanneries, 

6  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $23,900. 
18  sch.  847  scholars.     Pop.  2,856. 

Lyme,  t,  Jefferson  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  w.  Water- 
town,  172  n.  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  gently 
undulating;  soil,  a  fertile,  sandy,  and  rnariy 
loam.  Watered  by  Chaumont  r. ;  bounded  by 
St.  Lawrence  r.  on  the  w.,  and  by  Lake  On- 
tario on  the  s.,  in  winch  are  several  islands  be- 
longing to  the  t.  It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $23,000  ; 
1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $20,851 ;  14  sch.  466  scholars.     Pop.  5,472. 

Lyme,  p-t,  Huron  co.,  O.,  99  n.  by  e.  Columbus, 
402  W.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  border  of  a 
beautiful  prairie,  and  contains  1  church,  a  store, 
and  a  number  of  dwellings.  The  t  has  1  store, 
cap.  $500 ;  2  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000. 

7  sch.  313  scholars.     Pop.  1,320. 
Lynchburg,  p-v.,  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  116  w. 

by  s.  Richmond,  191  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  bank 
of  James  r.,  20  ms.  below  its  passage  through 
the  Blue  Ridge.  In  1793  it  contained  but  5 
houses.  Incorporated  in  1805.  It  contains  7 
churches — 2  Presbyterian,  2  Methodist,  1  Bap- 
tist, 1  Episcopal,  and  1  Roman  Catholic.  There 
is  a  Friends  church  in  the  vicinity.  It  has  6 
warehouses  in  which  from  15  to  20,000,000  lbs. 
of  tobacco  are  annually  inspected.  It  has  128 
stores  and  groceries,  22  tobacco  fac,  which 
manufacture  from  35  to  40,000  boxes  of  tobacco 
annually,  1  large  cotton  fac,  1  iron  foundry,  3 


LYN 


365 


LYS 


large  flouring  m.,  15  classical  schools,  1,000  j 
houses,  and  6,395  inhabitants.  The  James  r. 
and  Kanawha  canal  connects  this  place  with 
Richmond.  On  it  are  5  handsome  packet-boats 
for  passengers,  and  about  40  freight-boats,  of 
from  60  to  100  tons  burden.  The  back  country 
and  trade  of  this  place  are  very  extensive. 

Lynchburg,  p-v.,  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  78  s. 
Nashville,  701  W.  Situated  on  one  of  the  head 
branches  of  Elk  r. 

Lynchburg,  p-v.,  Dodson  t.,  Highland  co.,  O., 
83  s.  w.  Columbus,  451  W.  Situated  on  the  E. 
fork  of  Little  Miami  r.,  and  contains  2  stores,  1 
grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  carding  machine,  2  tanne- 
ries, 30  dwellings,  and  about  150  inhabitants. 

Lynch's  Creek,  p-o.,  Williamsburg  dist.,  S. 
C,  151  e.  by  s.  Columbia,  448  W.  The  stream 
rises  in  N.  C,  and  after  a  course  of  120  ms.,  flows 
into  Great  Pedee  r.,  in  Williamsburg  dist.,  S.  C. 
It  is  navigable  for  more  than  60  miles. 

Lynchvvood,  p-v.,  Kershaw  dist.,  S.  C,  51  n. 
e.  Columbia,  365  W. 

LYNDEBORouGH,p-t.,  Hillsboro'  county,  N.  H., 
33  s.  s.  w.  Concord,  461  W.  The  surface  is 
mostly  uneven  and  rough;  soil,  well  adapted  to 
grazing.  Incorporated  in  1764.  Drained  by 
branches  of  Souhegan  r.  It  has  1  store,  capital 
$1,500  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  grist  m.,  6 
saw  ra.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,265.  12  sch.  334 
scholars.     Pop.  1,032. 

Lyndon,  p-t.,  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  44  n.  e.  Mont- 
pelier,  554  W.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  soil, 
very  productive.  Watered  by  Pasumsic  river, 
which  has  2  considerable  falls,  and  affords  ex- 
tensive water  power.  The  v.  is  pleasant,  and 
has  considerable  trade.  There  are  in  the  t.  4 
stores,  cap.  $12,000;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  2 
grist  m.,  8  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$18,210.  1  acad.  131  students,  16  sch.  607  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,753. 

Lyndon,  t.,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.  Y.,  18  e.  Elli- 
cottville,  274  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating soil ;  sandy  and  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by 
Ischua  and  Oil  creeks.  It  has  7  sch.  225  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  628. 

Lyndon,  v.,  Yates  t.,  Orleans  co.,  N.  Y.  It 
contains  2  churches,  3  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1 
saw  m.,  1  furnace,  1  tannery,  60  dwellings,  and 
about  400  inhabitants. 

Lyndon,  p-v.,  Whitesides  county,  111.,  180  n. 
Springfield,  855  W. 

Lyndon  Centre,  p-o.,  Lyndon  t,  Caledonia 
co.,  Vt.,  46  n.  e.  Montpelier,  556  W. 

Lynesville,  p-v.,  Granville  co.,  N.  C,  54  n. 
Raleigh,  241  W. 

Lynn,  p-t.,  Essex  county,  Mass.,  9  N.  E.  Boston, 
449  W.  The  ocean  washes  its  s.  border,  and  in 
the  s.  E.  is  excellent  salt  marsh.  Watered  by 
Saugus  r.  The  surface  is  level,  with  rocky  hills 
to  the  n.  The  v.  contains  8  churches — 3  Metho- 
dist, 2  Congregational,  1  Friends,  1  Baptist,  and 
1  Universalist — 2  banks,  besides  1  for  savings, 
and  an  academy.  The  peninsula  of  Nahant  is  a 
rocky  promontory  in  the  ocean,  connected  with  a 
smaller  peninsula,  called  Little  Nahant,  by  a 
beach,  and  both  are  connected  with  the  shore  by 
a  beach  a  mile  and  a  half  long,  barely  sufficient- 
ly elevated  not  to  be  overflowed.  A  splendid 
hotel,  at  the  e.  end  of  the  peninsula,  receives 
numerous  visiters  in  the  summer  season.  Lynn 
has  long  been  celebrated  for  the  manufacture 
of   ladies'  shoes,  and  produces  over  2,500,000 


pairs  annually.     It  has  36  stores,  cap.  $134,000  , 

1  rope  fac,  3  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices, 
4  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$408,700.  6  acad.  133  students,  10  sch.  1,035 
scholars.    Pop.  9,367. 

Lynn,  p-o.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  169  N.  N.  E. 
Harrisburg,  276  W. 

Lynn,  t.,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.  It  has  7  stores,  cap. 
$19,100  ;  1  woollen  fac,  4  tanneries,  50  distiller- 
ies, 1  powder  m.,  10  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $8,500.   7  sch.  312  scholars.   Pop.  1,895. 

Lynn,  t.,  Posey  co.,  la.    It  has  1  flouring  m., 

2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,000. 
Pop.  845. 

Lynn  Camp,  p-o.,  Knox  co.,  Ky.,  107  s.  e.  by 
s.  Frankfort,  531  W. 


Lynnfield,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  20  n.  Bos- 
ton, 460  W.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  not 
very  productive.  Watered  by  Ipswich  r.  In- 
corporated in  1782.  It  has  cap.  in  manufactures 
$8,000.    3  sch.  190  scholars.    Pop.  707. 

Lynnville,  p-v.,  Lynn  t.,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  83 
E.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  175  W. 

Lynnville,  p-v.,  Warwick  co.,  la.,  162  s.  w. 
by  s.  Indianapolis,  700  W.  Situated  on  the  head 
waters  of  Great  Pigeon  cr. 

Lynnville,  p-v.,  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  60  s.  Nash- 
ville, 724  W.    Situated  on  Richland  cr. 

Lynnville,  p-v.,  Morgan  co.,  111.,  41  w.  Spring- 
field, 821  W. 

Lyons,  p-t.,  capital  of  Wayne  co.,  N.  Y.,  180 
w.  by  N.  Albany,  357  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ; 
soil,  a  fertile  sandy  and  calcareous  loam.  Drained 
by  Clyde  r.,  formed  by  the  junction  of  Mud  cr. 
with  Canandaigua  outlet.  The  v.  is  situated  on 
the  Erie  canal,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
clerk's  office,  5  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Epis- 
copal, 1  Methodist,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Lutheran — a 
bank,  20  stores,  2  warehouses,  2  flouring  m.,  1 
saw  m.,  1  steam  furnace  and  saw  m.,  2  tanneries, 
2  carriage  fac,  300  dwellings,  and  about  1,800  in- 
habitants. There  are  in  the  t.  20  stores,  capital 
$165,000;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $200;  1  fulling 
m.,  3  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  pottery,  2  printing 
offices,  2  weekly  newspapers,  5  flouring  m.,  3 
grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $92,005.  8 
sch.  972  scholars.    Pop.  4,302. 

Lyons,  p-o.,  Lucas  co.,  O.,  165  n.  w.  Colum- 
bus, 496  W. 

Lyons,  p-t.,  Ionia  co.,  Mich.,  134  w.  N.  w.  De- 
troit, 628  W.  Situated  on  both  sides  of  Grand  r., 
at  the  head  of  steamboat  navigation,  100  ms.  from 
its  mouth.  The  r.  here  has  a  fall,  creating  a  good 
water  power.  The  v.  has  2  stores,  30  dwellings, 
and  150  inhabitants.  The  r.  is  boatable  above 
for  flat  bottomed  boats.  There  are  in  the  t.  1 
store,  cap.  $4,000  ;  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$2,900.    4  sch.  75  scholars.    Pop.  497. 

Lyon,  t.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $1,500.     10  sch.  290  scholars.    Pop.  1,206. 

Lyons,  p-o.,  Clinton  co.,  Iowa. 

Lyonsdale,  p-o.,  Greig  t,  Lewis  co.,  N.  Y., 
122  n.  w.  Albany,  426  W. 

Lyon's  Store,  p-o.,  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn.,  257 
e.  Nashville,  425  W. 

Lysander,  p-t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N.  Y.,  144  w. 
by  n.  Albany,  364  W.  The  surface  is  generally 
level ;  soil,  fertile.  Watered  by  Seneca  r.,  which 
bounds  it  on  the  s.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $32,600 ; 
2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  4  tanneries,^  grist 
m.,  16  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $80,' 
sch.  930  scholars.    Pop.  4,306. 


,130.     18 


MAC 


366 


MAC 


M. 


Mabbkttsville,  p-o.,  Washington  t,  Dutch- 
ess co.,  N.  Y.,  78  s.  Albany,  316  W. 

MacAllister's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Mont- 
gomery co.,  Tenn.,  53  n.  w.  Nashville,  737  W. 

MacAllistersville,  p-v.,  Juniata  co.,  Pa.,  55 
N.  w.  Harrisburg,  149  W. 

MacArson's  Stand,  p-o.,  De  Soto  co.,  Miss., 
213  n.  Jackson,  913  W. 

MacArthur,  t.,  Logan  co.,  O.  Organized  in 
1823.    It  has  6  sch.  144  scholars.    Pop.  1,674. 

MacArthurstown,  p-v.,  Elk  t,  Athens  co., 
O.,  71  s.  e.  Columbus,  365  W.  Situated  on  a 
branch  of  Racoon  creek.  It  contains  4  stores,  1 
large  burr-millstone  fac,  1  carding  machine,  and 
other  manufactories. 

MacBridesville,  p-o.,  Union  dist.,  S.  C,  80 
n.  w.  Columbia,  474  W. 

MacCall's  Creek,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Miss., 
70  s.  w.  Jackson,  1,030  W. 

MacCall's  Ferry,  p-o.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  52  s. 
Harrisburg,  88  W. 

MacCandless,  p-o.,  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  211  w.  by 
N.  Harrisburg,  253  W. 

MacCann's,  p-o.,  Rush  co.,  la.,  46  e.  Indian- 
apolis, 533  W. 

MacClellandstown,  p-v.,  German  t.,  Fay- 
ette co.,  Pa.,  187  w.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  204  W.  It 
contains  1  church,  4  stores,  and  about  50  dwell- 
ings. 

MacConnelsburg,  p-v.,  Air  t.,  Bedford  co., 
Pa.,  67  w.  s.  w.  Harrisburg,  95  W.  Situated  in 
a  pleasant  valley,  on  Big  Cove  cr.  It  contains  2 
Presbyterian  churches,  6  stores,  100  dwellings, 
and  about  600  inhabitants.     Incorporated  in  1814. 

MacConnelsville,  p-o.,  Vienna  t.,  Oneida 
co.,  N.  Y.,  121  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  391  W. 

MacConnelsville,  p-v.,  Morgan  t.,  capital  of 
Morgan  co.,  O.,  73  e.  by  s.  Columbus,  330  W. 
Situated  on  the  E.  bank  of  Muskingum  r.,  at  an 
elevation  of  from  10  to  30  feet  above  high  water. 
It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  2  churches — 1  Pres- 
byterian and  1  Baptist — 12  stores,  2  tanneries,  80 
dwellings,  and  500  inhabitants. 

MacCracken,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  200  square  ms. 
The  Ohio  r.  bounds  it  on  the  n.  and  n.  e.  The 
surface  is  level ;  soil,  very  fertile.  Drained  by 
Clark's  r.,  and  its  branches.  Capital,  Paducah. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,921,  sheep 
2,447,  swine  17,668 ;  wheat  13,455  bushels  pro- 
duced, Indian  corn  193,277,  oats  25,649,  potatoes 
11,917,  tobacco  65,643  pounds,  cotton  9,633;  39 
stores,  cap.  $116,775  ;  3  tanneries,  4  distilleries,  8 
grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,346.  4  acad. 
115  students,  6  sch.  112  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
4,064,  slaves  654,  free  col'd  27 ;  total,  4,745 

MacCulloch's  Mills,  p-o.,  Juniata  co.,  Pa., 
61  n.  w.  Columbus,  133  W. 

MacCullough's,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  O.,  127 
E.  n.  E.  Columbus,  280  W. 

MacCutchinsville,  p-v.,  Crawford  co.,  O., 
76  n.  Columbus,  425  W.  It  contains  3  churches, 
5  stores,  about  50  dwellings,  and  300  inhabitants. 

MacDaniels,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C,  61  n. 
w.  Raleigh  296  W. 

MacDanielsville,  p-v.,  Spartanburg  dist..  S. 
C,  92  n.  w.  Columbia,  481  W. 

MacDonald,  t.,  Hardin  co.,  O.    Pop.  285. 

MacDonald,  p-v.,  capital  of  Randolph  co., 
Ala.,  161  e.  Tuscaloosa,  757  W.  Situated  3  ms. 
E.  of  the  Little  Tallapoosa  r.  It  has  a  court 
house,  a  male  and  female  academy,  and  several 
dwellings. 


MacDonald,  p-v.,  capital  of  Barry  co.,  Mo., 
200  s.  w.  Jefferson  City,  1,115  W.  Situated  on 
the  n.  side  of  a  small  branch  of  White  r. 

MacDonough,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  576  square  ms. 
Organized  in  1829.  Watered  by  Crooked  creek 
and  its  branches.  Much  of  the  surface  is  prairie  ; 
soil,  very  fertile.  Capital,  Macomb.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,112,  sheep  5,643,  swine 
15,368 ;  wheat  25,634  bush,  produced,  Indian  corn 
222,553,  oats  41,030,  potatoes  14,139;  9  stores, 
cap.  $26,200 ;  6  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.  Capital  in 
manufac.  $44,900.  15  sch.  336  scholars.  Pop. 
5,308. 

MacDonough,  p-t.,  Chenango  co.,  N.  Y.,  119 
w.  Albany,  326  W.  The  surface  has  several 
ridges ;  soil,  clay  loam,  adapted  to  grass.  Drained 
by  Bowman's  and  Geneganslette  creeks.  The 
v.,  on  the  latter  cr.,  contains  1  Baptist  and  1 
Methodist  church,  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m., 
1  paper  m.,  40  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabit- 
ants. It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $14,000;  1  fulling  m., 
3  tanneries,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspa- 
per, 2  grist  m.,  14  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$36,930.     13  sch.  529  scholars.     Pop.  1,369. 

MacDonough,  p-v.,  capital  of  Henry  co.,  Ga., 
65  w.  n.  w.  Milledgeville,  669  W.  Situated  be- 
tween Towelagga  and  South  Ocmulgee  rivers. 
It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  2  churches — 1  Bap- 
tist and  1  Methodist — an  academy,  which  cost 
$2,200,  8  stores,  about  50  dwellings,  and  300  in- 
habitants. 

MacEwens  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Troy  t,  Rich- 
land co.,  O.,  57  N.  by  e.  Columbus,  388  W. 

MacEwensville,  p-o.,  Northumberland  co., 
Pa.,  75  n.  Harrisburg,  185  W. 

MacFarland,  p-o.,  Lunenburg  co.,  Va.,  70  s. 
w.  Richmond,  189  W. 

MacGaheysville,  p-o.,  Rockingham  co.,  Va., 
116  n.  w.  Richmond,  131  W. 

MacGehonsburg,  p-o.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  246 
w.  by  n.  Harrisburg,  272  W. 

MacGrawville,  p-v.,  Cortlandville  t,  Cort- 
land co.,  N.  Y.,  142  w.  Albany,  318  W.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  and 
1  Methodist — 3  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  tan- 
nery, and  a  number  of  dwellings. 

MacHarque's,  p-o.,  Chariton  co.,  Mo.,  90  n. 
w.  Jefferson  City,  973  W. 

MacHenry,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
corner  of  the  state,  and  contains  960  square  miles, 
Drained  by  the  n.  branch  of  Chicago,  Des  Plaines, 
and  Fox  rivers,  and  their  branches.  Soil,  on  the  e. 
side  of  Fox  r.,  clayey  ;  on  the  w.,  a  fertile  sandy 
loam.  Limestone  abounds.  Capital,  MacHenry. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,526,  sheep  370, 
swine,  4,868 ;  wheat  43,957  bush,  produceu,  Ind. 
corn  45,407,  oats  38,974,  potatoes  33,870 ;  5  stores, 
cap.  $7,500  ;  1  distillery,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $18,219.    15  sch.  265  scholars.    Pop.  2,578. 

MacHenry,  p-v.,  capital  of  MacHenry  co.,  111., 
223  n.  n.  e.  Springfield,  758  W.  Situated  on  the 
w.  side  of  Fox  r.,  12  s.  of  the  n.  line  of  the  state. 
It  is  surrounded  by  excellent  prairie,  groves  of 
timber,  and  oak  openings. 

MacIndoes  Falls,  p-v.,  Barnet  t.,  Caledonia 
co.,  Vt.,  46  e.  by  n.  Montpelier,  532  W.  It  is 
situated  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  Connecti- 
cut r.  j. 

MacIntosh,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  s.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  600  sq.  ms.  The 
Atlantic  Ocean  bounds  it  on  the  s.  e.  The  sur- 
face is  level ;  soil,  fertile.  The  Altamaha  r.  runs 
on  its  s.  w.  border,  and  South  Newport  r.  on  the 


MAC 


367 


MAC 


N.  e.  Drained  by  Sapelo  r.,  and  Jones  and  Doc- 
tor's crs.  It  has  several  islands  on  its  coast,  of 
which  Sapelo,  Black  Bend,  and  Wolf  are  the 
chief.  Capital,  Darien.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  7,381,  sheep  731,  swine  4,61)2  ;  Indian 
corn  30,406  bush,  produced,  potatoes  40,791,  rice 
8£26,203  pounds,  cotton  512,877,  sugar  7,300;  1 
commercial  and  5  commission  houses,  capital 
$50,0JO;  17  stores,  cap.  $86,100;  2  grist  in.,  4 
saw  m.,  1  printing  office.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$63,500.  1  acad.  65  students,  1  sch.  13  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  1,318,  slaves  3,910,  free  colored  102; 
total,  5,360. 

3IacKaigs  Mills,  p-o.,  Columbiana  co.,  O., 
145  n.  E.  Columbus,  284  W. 

MacKean,  county,  Pa.  Situated  in  the  n.  and 
toward  the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains 
1,470  sq.  ms.  Organized  in  1801.  Drained  by 
Alleghany  r.  and  its  branches,  and  by  Sinnema- 
honing  cr.,  a  head  branch  of  the  w.  branch  of 
Susquehanna  r.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  abounds 
with  coal,  iron,  and  salt.  The  soil  is  adapted  to 
grazing.  Capital,  Smithport.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  2,977,  sheep  3,713,  swine  1,781 ;  wheat 
8,162  bush,  produced,  rye  1,870,  Ind.  corn  12,070, 
buckwheat  3,136,  oats  19,378,  potatoes  52,211,  su- 
gar 69,750  pounds  ;  10  stores,  cap.  $28,100;  2  tan- 
eries,  9  grist  m.,  33  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$84,450.  1  acad.  30  students,  21  sch.  575  scholars. 
Pop.  2,975. 

MacKean,  p-t.,  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  9  s.  Erie,  265  n. 
w.  by  w.  Harrisburg,  338  W.  The  surface  is 
hilly  ;  soil,  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  Walnut 
cr.  and  its  branches,  and  by  Elk  cr.  It  has  1 
fulling  m.,  4  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  12  schools  449 
scholars.     Pop.  1,7 14. 

MacKean,  t.,  Licking  co.,  O.  It  lies  directly  n. 
of  Granville,  and  contains  the  v.  of  Fredonia.  6 
sch.  275  scholars.     Pop.  1,317. 

MacKeansburg,  p-v.,  Brunswick  t.,  Schuyl- 
kill co.,  Pa.,  67  N.  E.  Harrisburg,  177  W.  It 
contains  2  stores,  and  about  35  dwellings. 

MacKean's  Old  Stand,  p-o.,  Westmoreland 
co.,  Pa.,  175  w.  Harrisburg,  201  W. 

MacKees  Half  Falls,  p-o.,  Union  co.,  Pa., 
40  n.  Harrisburg,  150  W. 

MacKee's  Port,  p-v.,  Versailles  t.,  Alleghany 
co.,  Pa.,  199  w.  Harrisburg,  212  W.  It  contains 
a  Presbyterian  church,  several  stores,  and"40  or 
50  dwellings. 

MacKinley,  p-o.,  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  97  s.  by 
w.  Tuscaloosa,  830  W. 

MacKinster's,  p-o.,  Meigs  co.,  O.,  83  s.  E. 
Columbus,  355  W. 

MacKinstry's  Mills,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  Md., 
66  n.  w.  Annapolis,  69  W. 

MacLain,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,  O.,  162  n.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 493  W. 

MacLain's  Mills,  p-o.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  33  E. 
Augusta,  622  W. 

MacLean,  county,  111.  Situated  a  little  n.  e. 
of  the  centre^  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,296  sq. 
ms.  Much  of  the  surface  is  prairie,  moderately 
undulating,  and  interspersed  with  fine  groves  of 
timber ;  soil,  dry  and  fertile.  Drained  by  Mack- 
inaw r.,  and  Kickapoo  and  Salt  creeks.  Capital, 
Bloomington.  There  were  in  1840K  neat  cattle 
8,049,  sheep  8,777,  swine  25,740 ;  wheat  44,471 
bush,  produced,  Indian  corn  350,820,  oats  81,023, 
potatoes  4,586;  14  stores,  cap.  $29,000;  3  tan- 
neries, 6  distilleries,  1  flouring  m.,  14  grist  m.,  19 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $23,070.  3  acad.  70 
students,  14  sch.  422  scholars.     Pop.  6,565. 

MacLean,  p-v.,  Groton  t ,  Tompkins  co.,  N.  Y., 
149  w.  by  s.  Albany,  311  W.  Situated  on  Fall 
cr.,  which  affords  extensive  water  power.  It 
contains   1  Baptist  and  1  Methodist  church,  4 


stores,  1  flouring  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1  iron  foundry  and 
trip-hammer  works,  1  plaster  ra.,  1  clothier's 
works,  1  tannery,  50  dwellings,  and  about  350 
inhabitants. 

MacLean,  t.,  Shelby  co.,  O.  It  has  cap.  in 
manufac.  $50.     Pop.  513. 

MacLeansboroitgh,  p-v.,  capital  of  Hamilton 
co.,  111.,  156  s.  s.  E.  Springfield,  776  W.  Situated 
on  a  head  branch  of  the  n.  fork  of  Saline  cr.,  on 
elevated  ground,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
about  25  dwellings,  and  150  inhabitants. 

MacLeansville,  p-v.,  Jackson  co.,  Tenn.,  80 
e.  Nashville,  651  W. 

MacLemonesville,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  Tenn., 
107  w.  Nashville,  790  W. 

MacLeod's,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Miss.,  195  s.  e. 
Jackson,  1,073  W. 

MacMann's,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Miss.,  210  s.  E. 
Jackson,  1,042  W.  . 

MacMath's,  p-o.,  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala.,  32 
Tuscaloosa,  786  W. 

MacMeekin's,  p-o.,  Fairfield  dist.,  S.  C,  23  n. 
Columbia,  502  W. 

MacMinn,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  s. 
e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  608  sq.  ms. 
Watered  by  Hiwassee  r.  and  its  branches.  Capi- 
tal, Athens.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
11,407,  sheep  8,232,  swine  37,672;  wheat  88,861 
bush,  produced,  rye  3,507,  Ind.  corn  632,578,  oats 
163,634,  potatoes  8,633,  tobacco  7,360  pounds, 
cotton  1,443;  20  stores,  cap  $119,700;  2  cotton 
fac.  672  sp.,  9  tanneries,  51  distilleries,  12  flour- 
ing m.,  23  grist  m.,  29  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.,  1  paper 
fac,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac  $83,191.  2  acad.  99  students, 
7  sch.  222  scholars.  Pop.  whites  11,450,  slaves 
1,241,  free  col'd  23;  total,  12,719. 

MacMinnville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Warren  co., 
Tenn.,  75  s.  e.  Nashville,  624  W.  Situated  on 
the  n.  side  of  Barren  Fork,  opposite  to  the  junc- 
tion of  Hickory  cr.,  which  flow  into  the  Caney 
Fork  of  Cumberland  r. 

MacMurray's  Store,  p-o.,  Maury  co.,  Tenn., 
50  s.  s.  w.  Nashville,  727  W. 

MacMurtrvton,  p-o.,  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  87  s. 
w.  Frankfort,  627  W. 

MacNairy,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  toward 
the  s.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  960  sq. 
ms.  Watered  by  branches  of  Big  Hatchee  and 
Forked  Deer  rivers.  Capital,  Purdy.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  12,252,  sheep  6,110, 
swine  42,271 ;  wheat  36,958  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  235,715,  oats  56,591,  potatoes  13,577,  tobac- 
co 243,120  pounds,  cotton  42,446,  sugar  1,897 ; 
10  stores,  cap.  $16,500  ;  1  woollen  fac,  3  tanne- 
ries, 29  distilleries,  32  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $30,759.  1  acad.  34  students,  11 
sch.  273  scholars.  Pop.  whites  8,589,  slaves  763, 
free  col'd  33 ;  total,  9,335. 

MacNary's,  p-o.,  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ky.,  187 
w.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  729  W. 

Macoupin,  cr.,  111.,  rises  in  the  n.  part  of  Ma- 
con co.,  and  enters  the  Illinois  r.,  26  ms.  above 
its  junction  with  the  Mississippi.  The  soil  on  its 
borders  is  fertile. 

Macoupin,  county,  111.  Situated  a  little  s.  w. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  864  sq. 
ms.  Organized  in  1829.  The  surface  is  slightly 
undulating,  consisting  of  prairies  and  timber,  the 
latter  mostly  along  the  streams.  The  soil  is 
generally  very  fertile.  Drained  by  Macoupin 
cr.  and  its  branches,  and  by  head  branches  of 
Cahokia  and  Wood  creeks.  Capital,  Carlmville. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  11,773,  sheep 
10,231,  swine  37,917  ;  wheat  42,919  bush,  produ- 
ced, Ind.  corn  540,930,  oats  57,635,  potatoes 
17,179,  tobacco  11,196  pounds;    19  stores,  cap. 


MAC 


363 


MAC 


$29,660 ;  1  tannery,  3  distilleries,  2  flouring  m., 
16  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,315. 
1  acad.  45  students,  14  sen.  375  scholars.  Pop. 
7,826. 

MacVeytown,  p-v.,  Mifflin  co.,  Pa.,  68  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  154  W. 

Mac Whorter's  Mills,  p-o.,  Lewis  co.,  Va., 
274  n.  w.  by  w.  Richmond,  242  W. 

MacWilliamstown,  p-v.,  Chester  co.,  Pa., 
65  s.  E.  Harrisburg. 

Macedon,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  20  e.  Lyons, 
199  w.  by  n.  Albany,  356  W.  The  surface  is 
rolling;  soil,  clay  and  gravelly  loam.  Drained 
by  Mud  cr.  It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $16,050  ;  1  ful- 
ling m.,  1  tannery,  5  grist  in.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $44,115.  13  sch.  396  scholars.  Pop. 
2,396. 

Macedon,  p-o.,  Mercer  co.,  O. 

Macedon  Centre,  p-o.,  Macedon  t.,  Wayne 
co.,  N.  Y.,  202  w.  by  n.  Albany,  359  W. 

Macedonia,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  Tenn.,  108  w. 
Nashville,  793  W. 

Macedonia,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  N.  C. 

Machias,  p-t.,  port  of  entry  and  capital  of 
Washington  co.,  Me.,  151  e.  by  n.  Augusta,  339 
n.  e.  Boston  by  land,  and  300  by  water,  773  W. 
The  v.  is  situated  on  the  e.  side  of  the  west 
branch  of  Machias  r.  at  the  falls,  and  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  and  has  numerous  mills.  The 
r.  admits  vessels  of  250  tons  to  within  50  rods  of 
the  mills.  It  produces  a  great  amount  of  lumber 
for  exportation.  It  has  10  stores,  cap.  $38,250  ;  2 
tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  23  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $132,939.  11  sch.  382  scholars.  Pop.  1,351. 
Tonnage  of  the  dist.,  11,847. 

Machias,  p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.  Y.,  286  w. 
by  s.  Albany,  333  W.  The  surface  is  elevated 
and  level ;  soil,  clay  and  gravelly  loam.  Drain- 
ed by  Ischua  cr.,  and  the  outlet  of  Lime  lake, 
which  enters  Cattaraugus  cr.  The  v.  contains 
1  church,  2  stores,  1  saw  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  tanne- 
ry, 35  dwellings,  and  about  250  inhabitants. 
There  are  in  the  t.,  3  stores,  cap.  $2,300 ;  1  tan- 
nery, 1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$3,940.     9  sch.  310  scholars.     Pop.  1,085. 

Machias  Port,  p-t.,  and  port  of  entry,  Wash- 
ington co.,  Me.,  155  e.  by  n.  Augusta,  777  W. 
It  is  situated  on  Machias  r.,  below  the  junction 
of  the  2  branches.  It  has  an  excellent  harbor, 
protected  by  Cross  island,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
bay,  and  considerable  shipping  employed  in  the 
lumber  trade,  and  in  the  fisheries.  Incorpora- 
ted in  1826.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,000 ;  1  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,600.  12 
sch.  364  scholars.     Pop.  834. 

Mackinac,  county,  Mich.  Situated  in  the 
upper  peninsula  of  Michigan,  and  contains 
13,464  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  various  as  well  as 
the  soil.  Mackinac  (pronounced  Mackinaw) 
strait  connects  Lake  Michigan  with  Lake  Huron, 
and  is  about  40  miles  long,  and  in  its  narrowest 
part,  4  miles  wide.  It  includes  several  islands, 
which  are  Mackinac,  Bois  Blanc,  Drummond's, 
and  several  small  ones.  The  extreme  elevation 
of  Mackinac  island  above  the  lake,  is  300  feet. 
It  produces  wheat,  oats,  barley,  peas  and  beans. 
The  settlement  of  it  was  commenced  in  1764. 
In  1796  it  was  surrendered  to  the  American  go- 
vernment; taken  by  the  British  in  1812;  but  re- 
stored by  the  treaty  of  Ghent.  Capital,  Mack- 
inac. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  96,  sheep 
6,  swine  65 ;  Ind.  corn  20  bush,  produced,  oats 
614,  potatoes  2,016  ;  11  stores,  cap.  $66,600  ;  cap. 
in  the  fisheries,  $1,000  ;  value  of  skins  and  furs 
produced,  $21,750.     Pop.  923. 

Mackinac,  p-v.,  capital  of  Mackinac  co., 
Mich.,  300  n.  n.  w.  Detroit,  821  W.    Situated  on 


the  s.  E.  extremity  of  an  island  of  the  same 
name,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  1  Presby- 
terian, and  1  Roman  Catholic  church,  10  stores, 
a  school  of  the  American  Board  of  Foreign  Mis- 
sions, a  Roman  Catholic  missionary  school,  and 
a  branch  of  the  University  of  Michigan.  Fort 
Mackinac  stands  on  a  rocky  eminence,  150  feet 
immediately  above  the  v.,  which  it  commands. 
The  harbor  is  safe  and  spacious,  capable  of 
accommodating  150  vessels.  Over  3,0u0  barrels 
of  trout  and  white  fish  are  annually  exported, 
and  it  is  the  seat  of  an  extensive  fur  trade. 

Mackinaw,  r.,  111.,  rises  in  a  prairie  near  the 
centre  of  McLean  co.,  and  running  through 
Tazewell  co.,  enters  the  Illinois  r.  3  ms.  below 
Pekin.  It  has  rich  bottoms,  but  the  bluffs  are 
broken,  with  a  thin  soil,  one  or  two  miles  wide. 
It  affords  water  power. 

Mackinaw,  p-v.,  Tazewell  co.,  111.,  64  n. 
Springfield,  764  W.  Situated  in  a  prairie  on  the 
s.  e.  side  of  Mackinaw  cr. 

Mackville,  p-v.,  Franklin  co.,  Ga.,  121  n. 
Milledgeville,  595  W. 

Mackville,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Ky.,  45  s. 
s.  w.  Frankfort,  567  W. 

Mackville,  p-v.,  Randolph  co.,  la.,  75  e.  n. 
e.  Indianapolis,  512  W. 

Macomb,  county,  Mich.  Situated  in  the  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  485  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  in  the  E.  part  is  level,  in  the  w.  part, 
rolling  or  hilly,  and  somewhat  broken.  The  soil 
is  generally  very  fertile,  adapted  to  grain  and 
to  grass.  St.  Clair  lake  lies  on  its  s.  e.  border. 
Watered  by  Clinton  r.  and  its  branches.  Organ- 
ized in  1818.  It  contains  2  salt  springs.  Capital, 
Mount  Clemens.  There  were  in  1810,  neai  cat- 
tle 7,193,  sheep  8,959,  swine  8,969  ;  wheat  81,064 
bush,  produced,  rye  7,387,  Ind.  corn  71,028, 
buckwheat  8,390,  barley  1,344,  oats  69,792,  pota- 
toes 80,881,  sugar  32,991  pounds;  19  stores,  cap. 
$56,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  distilleries,  1  glass  tac, 
4  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.,  2  printing 
offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$109,500.  2  acad.  29  students,  76  sch.  1,973 
scholars.    Pop.  9,716. 

Macomb,  p-v.,  capital  of  MacDonough  co.,  111., 
86  n.  w.  Springfield,  859  W.  Situated  in  a  fer- 
tile prairie,  2  ms.  s.  of  the  Drowning  Fork  of 
Crooked  cr.  It  contains  a  court  house,  4  stores, 
and  about  125  inhabitants. 

Macomb,  p-t.,  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  35  n.  e.  De- 
troit, 559  W.  Watered  by  Clinton  r.  The  soil 
is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain.  It  has  9  sch.  226 
scholars.     Pop.  952. 

Macon,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  900  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  head  branches  of  Tennessee  r.  The  surface 
is  elevated.  Capital,  Franklin.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  6,825,  sheep  5,539,  swine 
11,883;  wheat  6,311  bush,  produced,  rye  4,375, 
Ind.  corn  125,820,  oats  32,855,  potatoes  8,613, 
tobacco  2,983  pounds  ;  5  stores,  cap.  $27,800  ;  4 
tanneries,  11  distilleries,  1  flouring  m.,  22  grist 
m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,600.  3  sch. 
140  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,446,  slaves  368,  free 
col'd  55  ;  total  4,869. 

Macon,  county,  Ga.  Situated  a  little  s.  w.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  420  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Flint  r.  and  its  tributaries.  Capital, 
Lanier.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  21,176, 
sheep  2,538,  swine  19,050 ;  wheat  20,933  bush, 
produced,  rye  1,062,  Ind.  corn  242,039,  oats  5,985, 
potatoes  19,833,  cotton  1,379,605  ;  11  stores,  cap. 
$30,600 ;  14  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$21,100.  3  sch.  58  scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,553, 
slaves  1,489,  free  col'd  3  ;  total,  5,045. 

Macon,  county,  Ala.    Situated  toward  the  s. 


MAC 


369 


MAD 


E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  970  sq.  ms.  Wa- 
tered by  branches  of  Tallapoosa  r.  Capital,  Tus- 
kegee.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  15,958, 
sheep  762,  swine  21,731 ;  wheat  2,316  bush,  pro- 
duced, Ind.  corn  312,313,  oats  6,241,  potatoes 
29,076,  cotton  883,125  pounds;  16  stores,  cap 
$67,500  ;  2  tanneries,  1  pottery,  3  flouring  m.,  13 

frist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $67,525. 
acad.  243  students,  14  sch.  368  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  5,369,  slaves  5,851,  free  col'd  27;  total, 
11,247. 

Macov,  county,  111.  Situated  near  the  centre 
of  the  state,  and  contains  1,400  sq.  ms.  Watered 
by  Kaskaskia  r.  and  the  n.  fork  of  Sangamon  r., 
and  by  Salt  cr.  The  surface  is  level,  or  slightly 
undulating ;  soil,  generally  fertile.  Capital,  De- 
catur. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,264, 
sheep  3,516,  swine  13,285;  wheat  21,344  bush, 
produced,  rye  1,741,  Ind.  corn  173,187,  oats 
44,366,  potatoes  5,354 ;  5  stores,  cap.  $23,500 ;  1 
woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  6  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,000.  8  sch.  234 
scholars.     Pop.  3,039. 

Macon,  county,  Mo.  Situated  toward  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  846  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Chariton  and  E.  Chariton  rivers,  and  the 
branches  of  Salt  r.  Capital,  Bloomington.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,539,  sheep  7,050,  swine 
30,973;  wheat  9,105  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
552,996,  oats  15,517,  potatoes  9,581,  tobacco 
57,871  pounds;  11  stores,  cap.  $69,300;  2  lum- 
ber yards,  cap.  $1,400 ;  3  tanneries,  2  distilleries, 

6  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,300. 

7  sch.  180  scholars.  Pop.  whites  5,808,  slaves 
225,  free  col'd  1 ;  total,  6,034. 

Macon,  p-o.,  Powhatan  co.,  Va.,  40  w.  Rich- 
mond, 157  W. 

Macon,  city,  and  capital  of  Bibb  co.,  Ga., 
30  s.  w.  Milledgeville,  686  W.  It  is  situated 
chiefly  on  the  w.  bank  of  the  Ocmulgee  r.,  at 
the  head  of  steamboat  navigation.  It  has  a  court 
house,  jail,  an  elegant  market  house,  and  5 
churches— 2  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  1  Episco- 
pal, and  1  Methodist.  There  is  a  bridge  over 
the  Ocmulgee  389  feet  in  length.  A  great 
amount  of  cotton  is  shipped  from  this  place.  8 
or  10  steamboats  are  employed  on  the  Ocmul- 
gee, besides  towboats,  and  pole-boats.  In  1822, 
a  single  cabin  occupied  the  site  of  the  city. 
There  were  in  1840,  9  foreign  com.  houses,  cap. 
$75,000 ;  82  retail  'stores,  cap.  $385,000 ;  9  lum- 
ber yards,  cap.  $7,500 ;  1  grist  m.,  3  printing  offi- 
ces, 3  weekly  newspapers,  1  periodical.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $67,750.  1  college,  150  students,  3 
acad.  200  students,  2  sch.  75  scholars.  Pop. 
3,927. 

Macon,  p-v.,  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  56  s.  Tusca- 
loosa, 868  W. 

Macon,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Noxubee  co.,  Miss., 
125  n.  e.  Jackson,  885  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  e. 
side  of  Noxubee  r.  It  contains  a  court  house 
and  several  dwellings. 

Macon,  p-t,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  66  s.  w. 
Detroit,  520  W.  Watered  by  the  s.  branch  of 
Raisin  r.  It  has  a  fertile  soil,  well  adapted  to 
grain.  It  contains  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$10,000.    7  sch.  311  scholars.    Pop.  1,146. 

Macon,  p-v.,  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  196  w.  s.  w. 
Nashville,  881  W.  It  contains  3  stores,  a  female 
academy,  and  about  75  inhabitants. 

Macon  Depot,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  N.  C,  67  n. 
n.  e.  Raleigh,  221  W. 

Macksville,  p-v.,  Vigo  co.,  la.,  74  w.  Indian- 
apolis, 615  W.  Situated  on  the  national  road,  H 
ms.  w.  of  the  Wabash  r. 

Macungy,  p-t.,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  83  e.  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  176  W.  Watered  by  Jordan  and 
47 


Little  Lehigh  creeks.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil, 
calcareous  loam,  productive  and  well  cultivated. 
It  contains  2  churches. 

Madawaska,  t.,  Aroostook  co.,  Me.  Situated 
on  the  s.  side  of  St.  Johns  r.  It  contains  5  stores, 
4  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  3  sch.  56  scholars.  Pop. 
1,584.  The  settlement  is  along  the  road  follow- 
ing the  course  of  the  river.  The  part  on  the  n. 
side  of  the  river,  and  which,  according  to  the  late 
treaty,  is  now  in  Canada,  contains  a  population 
of  1,876. 

Madison,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  a  little  E. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  582  sq. 
ms.  The  middle  and  southern  parts  are  uneven 
and  hilly ;  in  the  n.  part  it  is  more  level.  Drain- 
ed by  the  head  branches  of  Chenango,  Unadilla, 
Ostelic,  and  Toughnioga  rivers.  Water  lime 
and  gypsum  are  abundant,  and  marl  and  bog  iron 
ore  are  found.  Two  sulphur  springs  exist,  near 
the  village  of  Chittenango.  The  Erie  canal,  and 
Utica  and  Syracuse  railroad,  pass  through  the  co. 
Capital,  Morrisville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  42,191,  sheep  204,616,  swine  30,757 ;  wheat 
200,142  bush,  produced,  rye  3,255,  Indian  corn 
171,204,  buckwheat  5,996,  barley  135,635,  oats 
343,207,  potatoes  676,649,  hops  107,280  pounds, 
sugar  215,619 ;  109  stores,  cap.  $391,715  ;  3  fur- 
naces, 26  fulling  m.,  10  woollen  fac,  2  cotton 
fac.  744  sp.,  1  rope  fac,  40  tanneries,  7  distille- 
ries, 1  brewery,  4  flouring  m.,  39  grist  m.,  167 
saw  m.,  3  oil  m.,  1  paper  fac,  9  printing  offices, 
3  binderies,  2  periodicals,  2  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $719,280.  8  acad.  968  students, 
253  sch.  12,297  scholars.    Pop.  40,008. 

Madbury,  t.,  Strafford  co.,  N.  H.  The  soil 
is  generally  productive.  Drained  by  Bellamy  r. 
Bog  iron  ore  is  found.  Incorporated  in  1755. 
It  has  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$1,900.     5  sch.  215  scholars.     Pop.  489. 

Madison,  county,  Va.  Situated  a  little  n.  e. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  330  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  moderately  uneven,  and  the  soil 
tolerably  fertile.  Drained  by  Robertson's  r.  and 
other  branches  of  Rapid  Ann  r.  Capital,  Madi- 
son. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,006, 
sheep  8,964,  swine  12,851 ;  wheat  100,680  bush, 
produced,  rye  23,627,  Ind.  corn  271,880,  oats 
33,005,  potatoes  12,796,  tobacco  148,700  pounds ; 
12  stores,  cap.  $48,000 ;  7  tanneries,  5  distilleries, 
10  flouring  m.,  23  grist  m.,  17  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $133,300.  2  acad.  41  students,  17  sch. 
356  scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,729,  slaves  4,308, 
free  col'd  70 ;  total  8,107. 

Madison,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  250  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  branches  of  Broad  r.  It  has  some  mineral 
springs.  Capital,  Danielsville.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  1,956,  sheep  1,571,  swine  3,927; 
wheat  8,239  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  53,130, 
oats  6,657,  potatoes  3,350,  cotton  727,118  pounds ; 
9  stores,  cap.  $15,700;  3  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1 
acad.  20  students,  3  sch.  79  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
3,125,  slaves  1,382,  free  col'd  3;  total,  4,510. 

Madison,  county,  Flor.  Situated  in  the  cen- 
tral part  of  the  ter.,  extending  from  Ga.  on  the 
n.,  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  on  the  s.  The  surface 
is  rolling,  and  the  water  is  excellent.  The  soil 
in  the  n.  and  w.  parts  is  fertile  ;  in  the  middle  it 
is  poor  ;  and  in  the  s.  e.  there  is  considerable  su- 
perior sugar  land.  Suwanee  r.  runs  on  its  e. 
border,  and  Oscilla  r.  on  its  w.  border.  A  great 
number  of  small  lakes  are  scattered  over  it. 
Capital,  Madison.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 5,690,  sheep  223,  swine  3,969;  Indian  corn 
37,985  bush,  produced,  oats  2,305,  potatoes  13,213, 
rice  1,150  pounds,  cotton  702,400,  sugar  1,200;  3 
stores,  cap.  $5,000 ;  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  ra.,  2  oil  m. 


MAD 


370 


MAD 


Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,300.  4  sch.  74  scholars.' 
Pop.  whites  1,442,  slaves  1,202 ;  total,  2,614. 

Madison,  county,  Ala.  Situated  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  760  sq.  ms.  The  sur- 
face is  moderately  hilly,  and  the  soil  very  fer- 
tile. Tennessee  r.  runs  on  its  s.  border.  Wa- 
tered by  branches  of  Flint  r.  and  other  branches 
of  Tennessee  r.  Capital,  Huntsville.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  23,074,  sheep  12,308, 
swine  79,970 ;  wheat  85,099  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  1,357,808,  oats  152,816,  potatoes  46,371,  to- 
bacco 15,655  pounds,  cotton  10,358,897 ;  40  stores, 
cap.  $482,450;  11  tanneries,  11  distilleries,  22 
grist  m.,  17  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $121,972.  2  acad. 
125  students,  33  sch.  1,167  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
12,297,  slaves  13,265,  free  col'd  144  ;  total,  25,706. 

Madison,  county,  Miss.  Situated  a  little  s. 
w.  of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  543  sq. 
ms.  Big  Black  r.  runs  on  its  n.  w.  border,  and 
Pearl  r.  on  its  s.  E.  border.  Capital,  Canton. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  21,045,  sheep 
4,906,  swine  46,028 ;  wheat  1,193  bush,  produced, 
Ind.  corn  877,893,  oats  79,895,  potatoes  152,981, 
cotton  14,842,153  pounds ;  19  stores,  cap.  $79,600 ; 

1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $7,700.  1  college,  100  students,  2  acad. 
170  students,  2  sch.  125  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
3,986,  slaves  11,533,  free  col'd  11  ;  total,  15,530. 

Madison,  parish,  La.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  800  sq.  ms.  Mis- 
sissippi r.  runs  on  its  E.  border.  Drained  by 
Roundaway  and  Macon  bayous,  and  Tensas  r. 
Capital,  Richmond.  There  were  in  1810,  neat 
cattle  6,239,  sheep  767,  swine  8,641 ;  Ind.  com 
190,745  bush,  produced,  potatoes  13,188,  cotton 
5,378,610  pounds;  8  stores,  cap.  $47,200;  3  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $30,000.  Pop.  whites 
1,210,  slaves  3,923,  free  col'd  9 ;  total,  5,142. 

Madison,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  670  sq.  ms.  Wa- 
tered by  the  s.  fork  of  Forked  Deer  r.  and  its 
branches.  Capital,  Jackson.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  12,747,  sheep  17,563,  swine 
64,503 ;  wheat  65,178  bush,  produced,  rye  8,530, 
Ind.  corn  793,215,  oats  226,604,  potatoes  65,238, 
tobacco  136,632  pounds,  cotton  2,233,039;  19 
stores,  cap.  $353,200  ;  1  furnace,  3  woollen  fac, 

2  cotton  fac.  1,200  sp.,  7  tanneries,  10  distilleries, 
15  flouring  m.,  21  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.,  1  printing 
office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$108,295.  4  acad.  103  students,  23  sch.  512 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  10,420,  slaves  6,073,  free 
col'd  37;  total,  16,530. 

Madison,  county,  Ky.  Situated  centrally, 
toward  the  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  520 
sq.  ms.  Kentucky  r.  runs  on  its  n.  border,  by 
branches  of  which  it  is  drained.  Capital,  Rich- 
mond. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,331, 
sheep  16,206,  swine  49,104;  wheat  41,502  bush, 
produced,  rye  90,902,  Ind.  corn  564,884,  barley 
6,430,  oats  88,247,  potatoes  16,952,  tobacco  125,283 
pounds,  sugar  27,171 ;  10  stores,  cap.  $46,350;  2 
woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  12  distilleries,  23  grist 
m.,  3  saw.  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $19,275.  8  sch. 
234  scholars.  Pop.  whites  10,860,  slaves  5,413, 
free  col'd  82 ;  total,  16,355. 

Madison,  county,  O.  Situated  a  little  s.  w. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  400  sq. 
ms.  Watered  by  Darby  and  Deer  creeks.  The 
soil  is  well  adapted  to  grazing,  and  much  butter 
and  cheese  are  produced.  Capital,  London. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  16,177,  sheep 
15,632,  swine  19,135;  wheat  47,646  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  1,918,  Ind.  corn  419,066,  buckwheat 
1,287,  oats  71,173,  potatoes  12,566,  sugar  1,150 
pounds ;  22  stores,  cap.  $90,250 ;  1  fulling  m.  5 


tanneries,  2  potteries,  9  grist  m.,  15  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $30,450.  94  sch.  2,917  scholars. 
Pop.  9,025. 

Madison,  county,  la.  Situated  a  little  n.  e. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  390  sq. 
ms.  Drained  by  White  r.  and  its  branches, 
which  afford  water  power.  The  surface  is  level, 
and  the  soil  fertile.  It  has  some  wet  prairies. 
Capital,  Andersontown.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  5,798,  sheep  6,436,  swine  21,579; 
wheat  46,991  bush,  produced,  rye  1,558,  Indian 
corn  375,715,  oats  60,867,  potatoes  17,624,  sugar 
47,887  pounds  ;  2  stores,  cap.  $60,350;  3  tanne- 
ries, 2  distilleries,  2  potteries,  1  flouring  m.,  7 
grist  m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $28,465. 
35  sch.  1,120  scholars.    Pop.  8,874. 

Madison,  county,  111.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  760  sq.  miles. 
The  Mississippi  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border.  Drain- 
ed by  Cahokia,  Silver,  and  Wood  creeks,  and 
their  branches.  Capital,  Edwardsville.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  22,039,  sheep  13,876, 
swine  53,484 ;  wheat  160,910  bushels  produced, 
rye  18,735,  Indian  corn  1,370,735,  buckwheat 
12,355,  barley  12,980,  oats  209,800,  potatoes 
121,305,  tobacco  1 1,280  pounds ;  4  commission 
houses,  cap.  $22,000;  2  lumber  yards,  capital 
$8,500 ;  67  stores,  cap.  $338,750  ;  2  tanneries,  2 
distilleries,  1  brewery,  7  flouring  m.,  8  grist  m., 
16  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  4  printing  offices,  3  weekly 
and  1  periodical  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$210,410.  1  college,  101  students,  2  acad.  144 
students,  52  sch.  1,445  scholars.     Pop.  14,433. 

Madison,  comity,  Mo.  Situated  toward  the 
s.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  780  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  St.  Francis  and  Whitewater  rivers, 
and  their  branches.  Capital,  Fredericktown. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,453,  sheep 
2,295,  swine  12,415;  wheat  9,746  bushels  pro- 
duced, Indian  corn  153,510,  oats  36,331,  potatoes 
3,031,  tobacco  9,850  pounds ;  8  smelting  houses 
produced  1,263,455  pounds  of  lead;  2  tanneries,  8 
distilleries,  4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $12,306.  11  sch.  244  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
2,762,  slaves  611,  free  col'd  22  ;  total,  3,395. 

Madison,  county,  Ark.  Situated  in  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,050  square  miles. 
Drained  by  White  r.  and  its  branches.  Capital, 
Sevierville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
3,341,  sheep  2,675,  swine  11,634;  wheat  4,132 
bushels  produced,  Ind.  corn  146,755,  oats  4,518, 
potatoes  7,249,  tobacco  14,280  pounds,  cotton 
2,690,  sugar  1,027;  2  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  5 
grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,560. 
2  sch.  53  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,692,  slaves  83 ; 
total,  2,775. 

Madison,  p-t.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  40  n.  Augus- 
ta, 635  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Kennebec 
r.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Incorporated  in  1804. 
It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $4,300 ;  2  tanneries,  2  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,250.  16  sch. 
697  scholars.    Pop.  1,701. 

Madison,  p-t.,  New  Haven  co.,  Ct.,  56  s.  Hart- 
ford, 320  W.  It  is  situated  on  Long  Island 
sound.  Incorporated  in  1826.  The  soil  is  stony 
and  rough,  but  is  made  fertile  by  the  use  of 
white  fish,  as  a  manure,  which  are  taken  off  the 
coast  in  great  numbers,  for  3  or  4  months  in  the 
year.  Ship  building  is  a  considerable  business 
here.  The  v.  is  situated  on  one  street,  running 
parallel  to  the  coast,  and  at  a  short  distance  from 
it,  and  contains  a  Congregational  church,  and 
Lee's  Academy,  a  flourishing  institution,  named 
in  honor  of  a  benefactor.  There  are  in  the  t.  11 
stores,  cap.  $11,700 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,500.  1  acad.  60  students. 
13  sch  488  scholars.    Pop.  1,788. 


MAD 


371 


MAD 


Madison,  p-t.,  Madison  co.,  IN.  Y.,  95  w.  by  n. 
Albany,  365  W.  The  surface  is  elevated  and 
rolling ;  soil,  clay  and  gravelly  loam.  Drained 
by  the  head  waters  of  Chenango  r.  and  Oriskany 
cr.  It  occupies  the  summit  level  of  the  Chenan- 
go canal,  which  passes  through  the  t.  The  v. 
is  on  the  Cherry  Valley  turnpike,  and  contains  1 
Baptist  and  1  Universalist  church,  2  stores,  90 
dwellings,  and  about  500  inhabitants.  Incorpo- 
rated in  1816.  The  t.  has  4  stores,  cap.  $15,000 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2  grist  m., 
9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $22,900.  16  sch. 
398  scholars.    Pop.  2,344. 

Madison,  p-v.,  Morris  co.,  N.  J.,  58  N.Trenton, 
223  W.  It  contains  about  40  dwellings,  many  of 
them  neat,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  well  cultiva- 
ted country. 

Madison,  p-o.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  179  w. 
Harrisburg,  205  W. 

Madison,  t.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  10  n.  Danville. 
The  surface  is  mostly  uneven ;  soil,  loam  and 
clay.  Drained  by  Little  Fishing  and  Mahoning 
creeks.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $2,000 ;  3  tanneries, 
7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,340.  6  sch.  212 
scholars.    Pop.  1,700. 

Madison,  t.,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $8,000  ;  1  tannery,  5  grist  m.,  4  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,902.  3  sch.  64  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,365. 

Madison,  t.,  Perry  co.,  Pa.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  89,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tan- 
nery, 2  distilleries,  6  flouring  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $23,188.  7  sch.  315  scholars.  Pop. 
1,299. 

Madison,  p-t.,  Lake  co.,  O.,  190  n.  e.  by  n. 
Columbus,  349  W.  Situated  on  both  sides  of 
Grand  river.  It  contains  the  v.  of  Unionville. 
Large  quantities  of  iron  are  manufactured  into 
hollow- ware,  mill  irons,  &c,  and  exported.  It 
has  9  stores,  cap.  $11,800;  3  tanneries,  1  distil- 
lery, 2  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$5,950.    20  sch.  1,250  scholars.    Pop.  2,800. 

Madison,  t.,  Clark  co.,  O.  It  contains  the  v. 
of  South  Charleston.  It  has  11  sch.  309  scholars. 
Pop.  1,115. 

Madison,  t.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.  It  has  3 
sch.  100  scholars.    Pop.  1,474. 

Madison,  t.,  Butler  co.,  O.  It  has  4  sch.  Ill 
scholars.    Pop.  1,935. 

Madison,  t.,  Fayette  co.,  O.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $11, 000  5  4  sch.  100  scholars.    Pop.  765. 

Madison,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  O.  Watered  by 
Alum,  Big  Walnut,  and  Black  Lick  creeks.  The 
surface  is  rolling.    Pop.  1,810. 

Madison,  t.,  Fairfield  co.,  O.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $200  ;  6  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.     Pop.  1,102. 

Madison,  t.,  Guernsey  co.,  O.  It  contains 
Winchester  and  Antrim  villages.  It  has  1  col- 
lege, 16  students,  4  sch.  171  scholars.   Pop.  1,222. 

Madison,  t.,  Jackson  co.,  O.  Watered  by 
Symmes'  cr.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $1,900;  1  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $800.  1  sch.  23 
scholars.     Pop.  724. 

Madison,  t.,  Licking  co.,  O.  Situated  on  both 
sides  of  Licking  r.,  and  of  the  Ohio  canal.  It  has 
3  schools,  74  scholars.    Pop.  1,119. 

Madison,  t.,  Highland  co.,  O.  It  has  9  sch.  707 
scholars.    Pop.  1,916. 

Madison,  t.,  Pickaway  co.,  O.  It  has  3  saw 
m.,  5  sch.  140  scholars.    Pop.  850. 

Madison,  t.,  Perry  co.,  O.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $800  ;  1  woollen  fac.,  2  distilleries,  2  flour- 
ing m.,  4  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$18,630.    6  sch.  140  scholars.    Pop.  1,167. 

Madison,  p-v.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  C,  116  n. 
w.  Raleigh,  296  W. 

Madison,  p-v.,  capital  of  Morgan  co.,  Ga.,  41 


n.  n.  w.  Milledgeville,  625  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  masonic  hall,  2  academies,  1 
male  and  1  female,  to  which  a  library  is  attached, 
1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist  church,  a  num- 
ber of  stores,  and  60  or  70  dwellings. 

Madison,  p-v.,  city,  and  capital  of  Jefferson 
county,  la.,  88  s.  s.  e.  Indianapolis,  560  W.  Situ- 
ated on  the  n.  shore  of  the  Ohio  r.,  at  an  eleva- 
tion which  secures  it  from  the  highest  floods.  It 
is  regularly  laid  out  with  broad  streets,  paved  or 
macadamized.  The  houses  are  mostly  of  brick, 
neat  and  elegant.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
market  house,  6  churches — 1  Baptist,  1  Episcopal, 

1  Methodist  Episcopal,  1  Methodist  Reformed,  2 
Presbyterian — 1  branch  of  the  state  bank  with  a 
handsome  edifice,  1  savings  bank,  1  insurance 
office,  50  stores,  2  iron  foundries,  a  steam  engine 
fac,  1  cotton  fac,  1  steam  flouring  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1 
grist  m.,  and  1  saw  m.,  1  boat  yard,  and  3,798 
inhabitants.  15,000  hogs  have  been  slaughtered 
here  in  a  year.  In  the  rear  of  the  v.  are  hills, 
250  feet  high,  which  afford  a  beautiful  prospect. 

Madison,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  la.  It  has  2 
sch.  50  scholars.    Pop.  463. 

Madison,  t.,  Putnam  co.,  la.  It  has  2  grist  m., 
3  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,300.    Pop.  1,071. 

Madison,  t.,  Sevier  co.,  Ark.  It  has  2  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,200.  1  sch. 
26  scholars.    Pop.  266. 

Madison,  p-v.,  Madison  co.,  111. 

Madison,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Dane  co.,  and  of 
the  ter.  of  Wisconsin,  90  n.  e.  Galena,  90  w. 
Milwaukie,  847  W.  It  is  beautifully  situated  on 
a  peninsula,  between  the  3d  and  4th  lake  of  the 
chain  called  the  Four  Lakes,  on  a  gentle  swell  of 
ground,  from  which  there  is  a  regular  descent 
each  way  to  the  water.  It  is  regularly  laid  out, 
with  a  central  square  of  914  feet  on  a  side,  in  the 
centre  of  which  is  the  state  house,  erected  by  the 
general  government.  It  is  a  spacious  stone  edi- 
fice, 2  stories  high  above  the  basement,  with  a 
handsome  dome  ;  and  can  be  seen  from  the  dis- 
tance of  10  miles  in  every  direction.  The  square 
is  surrounded  by  a  fence,  with  16  gates,  for 
which  congress  has  appropriated  $1,000.  It  con- 
tains a  jail,  several  places  of  worship,  2  printing 
offices,  each  of  which  issues  a  weekly  newspa- 
per, 10  or  12  stores,  60  dwellings,  and,  in  1840, 
376  inhabitants.  In  June,  1837,  the  contractor 
with  40  men  and  5  females  arrived  here,  having, 
in  1 1  days,  cut  their  way  through  the  wilderness, 
from  Milwaukie,  and  commenced  the  building  of 
the  capital.  This  distance  is  now  travelled  in  2 
days.  The  growth  of  the  place  has  been  rapid, 
having  chiefly  been  since  the  spring  of  1841,  and 
its  prosperity  is  substantial. 

Madison,  t.,  Clarke  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch.  40 
scholars.    Pop.  528. 

Madison,  t.,  Polk  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch.  13 
scholars.    Pop.  1,000. 

Madison,  t.,  Livingston  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  350. 

Madison,  t.,  Johnson  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch.  28 
scholars.    Pop.  453. 

Madison,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Mo.,  83  n.  Jeffer- 
son City,  943  W. 

Madison,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Madison 
co.,  Va.,  97  n.  w.  Richmond,  98  W.  It  contains 
a  court  house,  jail,  2  churches — 1  Episcopal.  1 
free  to  all  denominations — 6  stores,  5  flouring  m., 

2  tanneries,  40  dwellings,  and  300  inhabitants. 
Madison,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Madison  co., 

Flor.  It  contains  a  court  house  and  a  few  dwell- 
ings. 

Madison  Centre,  p-o.,  Madison  t.,  Somerset 
co.,  Me.,  43  n.  Augusta,  638  W. 

Madison  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  Ala., 
172  N.  N.  E.  Tuscaloosa,  723  W. 


MAI 


372 


MAI 


Madison  Springs,  p-v.,  Madison  co.,  Ga.,  99  n. 
Milledgeville,  597  W.  Here  is  a  spring,  strongly 
impregnated  with  iron,  and  efficacious  in  many 
complaints.  It  has  a  spacious  hotel,  capable  of 
accommodating  150  or  200  persons. 

Madisonville,  p-v.,  Columbia  t.,  Hamilton  co., 
O.,  8  N.  E.  Cincinnati,  120  s.  w.  by  w.  Columbus, 
492  W.  It  is  situated  6  ms.  n.  of  Ohio  river,  and 
contains  1  church  and  1  academy,  both  of  brick, 
5  stores,  100  dwellings,  and  about  600  inhab- 
itants. 

Madisonville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Hopkins  co., 
Ky.,  127  w.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  729  W.  Situated  on 
elevated  land,  between  Green  and  Tradewater 
rivers.  It  contains  a  court  house,  and  51  inhab- 
itants. 

Madisonville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Monroe  co., 
Tenn.,  172  e.  s.  e.  Nashville,  540  W.  It  contains 
a  court  house  and  several  dwellings. 

Madisonville,  p-v.,  Madison  co.,  Miss.,  20  n. 
n.  e.  Jackson,  990  W.  Situated  2  ms.  n.  w.  of 
Pearl  r. 

Madisonville,  p-v.,  Ralls  co.,  Mo.,  96  n.  n.  e. 
Jefferson  City,  900  W. 

Madisonville,  p-v.,  and  seaport,  St.  Tammany 
parish,  La.,  35  n.  New  Orleans,  1,137  W.  Situa- 
ted on  Chefonte  river,  a  little  M.  of  the  n.  side  of 
Lake  Pontchartrain. 

Madrid,  t,  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  105  n.  w.  Au- 
gusta. Incorporated  in  1836.  Watered  by  head 
branches  of  Sandy  r.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted 
to  wheat.  It  has  4  tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000.  7  sch.  151  scholars. 
Pop.  368. 

Madrid,  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.  Y.,  235  n. 
n.  w.  Albany,  505  W.  The  surface  is  gently 
undulating ;  soil,  a  rich  loam.  Drained  by  Grass 
r.,  and  several  small  streams,  flowing  into  the  St. 
Lawrence  r.,  which  bounds  it  on  the  n.  w.  Sev- 
eral islands  in  the  St.  Lawrence  r.  belong  to  it. 
It  has  17  stores,  cap.  $71,200 ;  4  fulling  m.,  2  tan- 
neries, 1  paper  fac,  8  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $84,086.  27  sch.  1,195  scholars.  Pop. 
4,511. 

Mad,  r.,  O.,  a  large  eastern  branch  of  the  Great 
Miami  r.,  rises  in  Logan  co.,  and  after  a  course 
of  50  miles  falls  into  the  Miami  at  Dayton.  It  has 
a  rapid  and  broken  current,  and  affords  extensive 
water  power. 

Mad  River,  t.,  Champaign  co.,  O.  Situated 
on  the  head  waters  of  Mad  r.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$2,250 ;  2  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  flouring  m.,  4 
grist  m.,  7  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$3,000.    Pop.  1,894. 

Mad  River,  t.,  Clarke  co.,  O.  Situated  on  the 
proposed  route  of  Mad  river  and  Lake  Erie  rail- 
road.   Pop.  1,340. 

Magazine,  t.,  Pope  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $550.     Pop.  241. 

Magnolia,  p-o.,  Chautauque  t,  Chautauque 
co.,  N.  Y.,  346  w.  by  s.  Albany,  333  W. 

Magnolia,  p-o.,  Harford  co.,  Md. 


Magnolia,  p-o.,  Stark  co.,  O.,  128  n.  e.  Colum- 
bus, 311  W. 

Magnolia,  p-o.,  Putnam  co.,  111.,  103  n.  Spring- 
field, 796  W. 

Mahomet,  p-o.,  Champaign  co.,  111.,  87  e.  by 
N.  Springfield,  704  W. 

Mahanoy,  r.,  Pa.,  rises  in  Schuylkill  co.,  and, 
after  a  course  of  50  ms.,  falls  into  the  Susquehan- 
na, 11  ms.  below  Sunbury. 

Mahanoy,  p-o.,  Upper  Mahanoy  t.,  Northum- 
berland co.,  Pa.,  48  n.  Harrisburg,  155  W.  It  con- 
tains a  store,  and  8  or  10  dwellings. 

Mahantango,  r.,  rises  in  Schuylkill  co.,  and 
falls  into  the  e.  side  of  the  Susquehanna  r.,  18  ms. 
below  Sunbury. 

Mahoning,  t.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  16  s.  w.  Mer- 
cer b.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  clay  and  loam. 
Drained  by  Mahoning  r.  It  has  19  stores,  cap. 
$35,000 ;  3  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  furnaces, 
5  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2  potteries,  11  grist  in.,  11 
saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac.  $8,009.  20  sch.  663 
scholars.     Pop.  3,099. 

Mahoning,  t.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.  Bounded  s. 
by  Susquehanna  r.  The  surface  is  diversified  ; 
soil,  clay  and  gravel.  Drained  by  Mahoning  cr., 
which  flows  into  Susquehanna  r.  It  has  10  stores, 
cap.  $103,800 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  furnace,  1  tannery, 

3  distilleries,  1  brewery,  1  printing  office.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $51,370.  2  acad.  41  students,  6  sen. 
314  scholars.    Pop.  1,927. 

Mahoning,  r.,  O.  and  Pa.,  rises  in  Portage  co., 
passes  Warren  in  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  and  joins 
Beaver  r.  in  Pa.,  through  which  it  enters  the  Ohio 
river  at  Beaver.  The  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio 
canal  is  constructed  along  this  r.  in  its  lower  part. 

Mahoning,  p-t.,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  173  w.  by  n. 
Harrisburg,  226  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil, 
clay.  Drained  by  Great  and  Little  Mahoning 
crs.,  on  the  latter  of  which  iron  ore  is  found.  It 
has  7  stores,  cap.  $16,100;  2  tanneries,  3  distil- 
leries, 7  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac. 
$11,810.     1  sch.  41  scholars.    Pop.  2,890. 

Mahoning,  p-o.,  Stark  co.,  O.,  142  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 305  W. 

Maiden  Creek,  p-t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  60  e.  Har- 
risburg, 153  W.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  cal- 
careous loam.  Drained  by  the  Schuylkill  river, 
and  Maiden  creek,  its  tributary.  It  contains  1 
church,  common  to  Lutherans  and  Presbyterians, 
and  1  Friends  church.   It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $3,000 ; 

4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,640. 
Pop.  1,749. 

Maiden  Spring,  p-o.,  Tazewell  co.,  Va.,  295 
w.  Richmond,  350  W. 

Maidstone,  t.,  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  8  n.  Guildhall, 
54  n.  e.  Montpelier.  It  lies  on  the  w.  side  of  Con- 
necticut r.  There  is  some  good  land  along  the  r. 
Watered  by  Paul's  stream,  which  flows  into  Con- 
necticut r.  Maidstone  lake,  3  ms.  long  and  half 
a  mile  wide,  has  its  outlets  into  Paul's  stream.  It 
has  1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $200.  3  sch.  90 
scholars.    Pop.  271. 


MAINE. 

Maine,  the  northeastern  of  the  United  States,  is  bounded  n.  by  Lower  Canada ;  e.  by  New 
Brunswick,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  St.  Croix  river,  and  a  line  due  n.  from  the  monu- 
ment, at  the  source  of  the  St.  Croix  river,  as  designated  and  agreed  to  by  the  commissioners,  under 
the  5th  article  in  the  treaty  of  1794,  between  the  governments  of  the  United  States  and  Great 
Britain ;  thence  n.,  following  the  exploring  line  run  and  marked  by  the  surveyors  of  the  two  gov- 
ernments in  the  years  of  1817  and  1818,  under  the  5th  article  of  the  treaty  of  Ghent,  to  its  intersec- 
tion with  the  St.  John's  river,  and  to  the  middle  of  the  channel  thereof;  thence  up  the  middle  of 
the  main  channel  of  said  river  St.  John,  to  the  mouth  of  the  river  St.  Francis ;  thence  up  the  mid- 
dle of  the  channel  of  the  said  river  St.  Francis,  and  through  the  lakes  through  which  it  flows  to  the 


MAI 373 MAI 

outlet  of  the  lake  Pohenagamook ;  thence  southwesterly,  in  a  straight  line  to  a  point  in  the  n.  w. 
branch  of  the  river  St.  John,  which  point  shall  be  10  miles  distant  from  the  main  branch  of  the  St. 
John,  in  a  straight  line,  and  in  the  nearest  direction ;  but  if  the  said  point  shall  be  found  to  be  less 
than  7  miles  from  the  nearest  point  or  crest  of  the  highlands,  that  divide  the  rivers  which  empty 
themselves  into  the  river  St.  Lawrence  from  those  which  fall  into  the  river  St.  John,  to  a  point  7 
miles  in  a  straight  line  from  the  said  summit  or  crest ;  thence  in  a  straight  line  in  a  course  about 
s.  8°  w.  to  the  point  where  the  parallel  of  lat.  46°  25'  n.  intersects  the  s.  w.  branch  of  the  St.  John  ; 
thence  southerly  by  the  said  branch  to  the  source  thereof  in  the  highlands  at  the  Metjarmette  por- 
tage ;  thence  down  along  the  said  highlands  which  divide  the  waters  which  empty  themselves 
into  the  St.  Lawrence  from  those  which  fall  into  the  Atlantic  ocean,  to  the  head  of  Hall's 
stream ;  thence  down  the  middle  of  said  stream  till  the  line  thus  run  intersects  the  old  line  of 
boundary  surveyed  and  marked  by  Valentine  and  Collins  previously  to  the  year  1774,  as  the  45° 
of  h.  lat.,  and  which  has  been  known  and  understood  to  be  the  line  of  actual  division  between  the 
states  of  New  York  and  Vermont  on  the  one  side,  and  the  British  province  of  Lower  Canada  on  the 
other ;  and  from  the  said  point  of  intersection  w.  along  said  dividing  line,  as  heretofore  known  and 
understood,  to  the  Iroquois,  or  St.  Lawrence  river.  Such  are  the  terms  of  the  late  treaty,  now  rati- 
fied by  both  governments,  and  which  has  happily  settled  a  controversy  of  a  quarter  of  a  century 
The  line  designated  as  the  old  line,  run  as  the  45°  of  ft.  lat.,  is  found  to  be  about  1  mile  n.  of  the 
true  line  of  45°  ft.  lat.  Maine  is  bounded  s.  by  the  Atlantic  ocean.  This  state  lies  between  43°  5' 
and  47°  20'  ft.  lat.,  and  between  66°  50'  and  70°  55'  w.  Ion.  It  is  computed  to  contain  30,000  sq. 
miles,  or  19,200,000  acres.  It  was  under  the  jurisdiction  of  Massachusetts  until  1820,  when  it  was 
made  an  independent  state.  The  population  in  1790,  was  96,540 ;  in  1800, 151,719  ;  in  1810, 228,705 ; 
in  1820, 298,335 ;  in  1830, 399,955 ;  in  1840, 501,793.  Of  these  252,989  are  free  white  males ;  247,449 
do.  females  ;  free  colored  males,  720 ;  do.  females,  635.  Employed  in  agriculture,  101,630 ;  in 
commerce,  2,921 ;  manufactures,  21,879  ;  navigating  the  ocean,  10,091 ;  learned  professions,  1,889. 

Augusta,  at  the  head  of  sloop  navigation  on  the  Kennebec  river,  50  miles  from  its  mouth,  is  the 
seat  of  government. 

This  state  is  divided  into  13  counties,  which,  with  their  population  and  capitals,  are  as  follows  : 
York,  54,034,  Alfred ;  Cumberland,  68,658,  Portland ;  Lincoln,  63,517,  Wiscasset ;  Hancock, 
28,605,  Ellsworth ;  Washington,  23,327,  Machias ;  Kennebec,  55,823,  Augusta ;  Oxford,  38,351, 
Paris;  Somerset,  33,912,  Norridgewock ;  Penobscot,  45,705,  Bangor;  Waldo,  41,509,  Belfast; 
Piscataquis,  13,138,  Dover  ;  Franklin,  20,801;  Farmington ;  Aroostook,  9,413,  Houlton.  These 
counties  contain  about  498  townships,  or  settlements,  some  of  w7hich  have  but  few  inhabitants. 

Maine  is  an  elevated  country,  but  generally  uneven  and  hilly  rather  than  mountainous.  On 
the  western  side  of  the  state,  east  of  the  White  mountains  in  New  Hampshire,  an  irregular  chain 
of  highlands  extends  eastwardly  to  the  north  of  the  sources  of  the  Kennebec  and  Penobscot  rivers, 
and  passing  south  of  the  sources  of  the  Aroostook  river  terminates  on  the  eastern  boundary  of  the 
United  States,  at  an  elevated  peak,  denominated  Mars  Hill.  This  chain  of  highlands  the  British 
claimed  as  the  most  northern  boundary  of  the  United  States.  Katadin  mountain  is  the  most  ele- 
vated summit  of  the  chain.  This  peak  is  about  70  miles  n.  of  Bangor,  between  the  e.  and  w. 
branches  of  the  Penobscot  river.  It  is  5,335  feet  high.  Another  chain  of  highlands  extends  in  a 
n.  w.  direction  from  near  the  n.  w.  source  of  Connecticut  river,  dividing  the  waters  which  flow 
northwardly  into  the  St.  Lawrence,  from  those  which  flow  southwardly  into  the  Atlantic  ocean 
and  the  bay  of  Fundy,  wrfich  is  a  branch  of  it.  This  is  a  continuous,  though  somewhat  irregular 
chain,  probably  nowhere  less  than  1,400  feet  high,  and  is  clearly  the  northern  boundary  of  the 
United  States,  as  settled  by  the  treaty  of  1783.  Where  the  new  road  from  Hallowell  to  Quebec 
crosses  this  chain,  it  is  2,000  feet  high.  Though  not  very  elevated,  the  interior  of  Maine  rises  so 
rapidly  from  the  seacoast  as  to  preclude  the  flow  of  the  tide  far  inland,  though  few  other  states  of 
the  Union  are  more  completely  traversed  by  navigable  rivers. 

The  rest  of  Maine  is  hilly,  though  the  hills  are  not  generally  very  elevated.  The  tract  of  coun- 
try along  the  seacoast,  to  the  extent  of  from  10  to  20  miles  from  it,  and  to  a  greater  width  in  the 
s.  w.  part,  is  very  various,  and  generally  rather  a  poor  soil,  though  in  some  places  it  is  tolerably 
fertile.  The  best  land  in  the  state  is  between  the  Penobscot  and  Kennebec  rivers,  where  it  is 
excellent.  The  mountainous  region  in  the  n.  w.  has  a  poor  soil.  East  of  the  Penobscot  river,  the 
soil  is  not  of  a  superior  quality,  excepting  about  the  sources  of  the  St.  John's  river  and  its  tributary 
streams. 

The  principal  productions  are  grass,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  barley,  rye,  and  flax.  The  uncleared 
lands  are  of  great  extent,  and  furnish  an  immense  amount  of  pine  and  other  lumber,  which,  in  the 
form  of  masts,  plank,  boards,  and  timber,  is  exported  to  a  great  extent,  particularly  from  the  terri- 
tory bordering  on  and  e.  of  the  Penobscot  river.  From  other  parts  of  the  state  near  the  navigable 
rivers,  a  great  amount  of  wood  for  fuel  is  sent  to  Boston  and  the  other  principal  towns  on  the  shore 
of  Massachusetts.     Fish,  potashes,  beef,  and  pork,  are  also  extensive  articles  of  export. 

According  to  the  statistics  of  the  census  of  1840,  there  were  in  Maine  59,208  horses  and  mules, 


MAI  374  MAI 


327,255  neat  cattle,  649,261  sheep,  117,386  swine.  There  were  produced,  818,166  bush,  of  wheat, 
865,161  of  barley,  1,076,409  of  oats,  137,941  of  rye,  950,528  of  Indian  corn,  10,392,330  of  potatoes, 
601^358  tons  of  hay,  1,465,551  pounds  of  wool,  257,464  of  sugar.  The  value  of  the  products  of  the 
dairy  was  $1,496,902,  and  of  lumber  $1,808,683.  The  amount  of  wheat  and  Indian  corn  had  been 
greater  in  some  previous  years. 

Previously  to  the  year  1807,  when  the  wars  in  Europe  gave  to  the  United  States  a  great  share 
of  the  carrying  trade  of  the  world,  commerce  was  so  profitable,  and  the  facilities  for  carrying  it  on 
in  Maine  were  so  great,  that  agriculture  was  greatly  neglected  for  this  superior  source  of  wealth ;  but 
afterward,  when  an  embargo,  and  non-intercourse,  and  war,  crippled  the  resources  of  commerce, 
the  inhabitants  of  Maine  were  driven  from  the  seaboard  on  to  the  lands  in  the  interior ;  and  from 
that  time  the  agricultural  resources  of  the  state  have  been  more  extensively  developed.  Much  of 
the  land  is  well  adapted  to  grazing,  and  cattle  and  sheep  are  raised  in  great  perfection.  Sometimes 
the  crop  of  Indian  com  suffers  from  the  shortness  of  the  season.  Among  the  fruits,  apples,  pears, 
plums,  and  melons,  succeed  well. 

The  facilities  which  Maine  enjoys  for  commerce  are  very  great.  The  rivers  are  extensively 
navigable,  and  numerous  bays  and  inlets  on  the  coast,  protected  as  they  often  are  by  islands,  furnish 
more  good  harbors  than  are  found  in  any  other  state  in  the  Union.  Ships  are  extensively  built,  not 
only  for  their  own  use,  but  for  a  foreign  market.  The  fisheries  furnish  employment  to  many  of  the 
inhabitants,  and  are  not  only  a  source  of  wealth,  but  a  nursery  of  seamen.  Lime  is  exported, 
chiefly  from  Thomaston,  to  the  amount  of  about  $1,000,000  annually.  A  fine  building  granite, 
chiefly  from  Hallowell,  which  is  of  a  light  color,  is  also  extensively  exported.  Maine,  in  point  of 
shipping,  is  the  third  state  in  the  Union. 

The  climate  of  Maine,  though  subject  to  great  extremes  of  heat  and  cold,  is  generally  favorable 
to  health.  The  cold  of  winter,  though  severe,  is  steady,  and  is  less  injurious  to  the  constitution 
than  the  sudden  changes  so  frequent  in  many  parts  of  the  country.  Near  the  ocean  the  heat  of 
summer  is  greatly  tempered  by  the  sea  breezes.  The  season  of  vegetation,  at  its  greatest  length, 
extends  from  April  21st  to  October  16th,  though  the  vigor  of  vegetation  does  not  continue  more 
than  three  months  and  a  half.  In  July  9th,  1838,  the  thermometer  rose  to  100°  above  zero,  and  on 
January  26th,  1837,  it  sunk  to  27°  below  zero,  which  may  be  regarded  as  the  extremes  of  temper- 
ature.   Such  extremes  are  of  short  continuance. 

Maine  has  a  number  of  fine  rivers.  Among  these  is  the  Penobscot,  250  miles  long,  and  naviga- 
ble for  large  ships  to  Bangor,  52  miles  from  the  ocean.  The  tide  here  rises  from  20  to  25  feet,  and 
is  of  itself  sufficient  to  float  large  ships,  and  greatly  facilitates  the  entrance  and  departure  of  ves- 
sels. The  Kennebec  has  a  course  of  about  250  miles,  and  is  navigable  for  large  ships  to  Bath,  12 
miles  from  the  ocean  ;  and  for  vessels  of  150  tons  to  Hallowell,  40  miles  from  the  sea  ;  and  for 
sloops  of  100  tons  2  miles  further,  to  Augusta ;  and  for  boats  to  Waterville,  18  miles  above  Augusta. 
The  Androscoggin  rises  in  New  Hampshire,  but  runs  chiefly  in  Maine,  and  unites  with  the  Ken- 
nebec, 20  miles  from  the  ocean.  The  Saco  rises  in  the  White  mountains  in  New  Hampshire,  but 
soon  enters  Maine,  and,  pursuing  a  southeastwardly  direction,  discharges  itself  into  Saco  bay.  It 
is  navigable  for  ships  6  miles  to  Saco  falls.  The  Damariscotta  is  chiefly  an  arm  of  the  sea,  has  a 
tide  of  10  feet,  and  is  navigable  for  large  vessels  18  miles  to  Nobleboro.  The  Sheepscot  is  a  small 
river,  with  a  large  bay  at  its  mouth,  which  forms  the  harbor  of  Wiscasset,  one  of  the  finest  in  the 
state.  All  these,  above  the  navigation  for  vessels,  as  well  as  many  others,  have  numerous  falls, 
and  furnish  many  excellent  mill  seats.  The  Piscataqua  river  forms  the  boundary  of  Maine  on  the 
west,  but  runs  chiefly  in  New  Hampshire. 

Maine  has  numerous  lakes  and  ponds  in  the  interior.  The  largest  lakes  are  Moosehead,  which 
is  50  miles  long,  and  from  10  to  15  broad  j  and  Umbagog,  which  lies  partly  in  New  Hampshire,  and 
is  18  miles  long  and  10  broad.  But  so  numerous  are  the  smaller  lakes  and  ponds,  that  it  is  compu- 
ted that  one  tenth  of  the  surface  of  the  state  is  covered  with  water. 

The  coast  of  Maine  abounds  with  islands,  the  largest  of  which  is  Mount  Desert,  in  Frenchman's 
bay,  and  is  15  miles  long  and  12  broad.  Long  island,  Deer  island,  and  Fox  islands,  are  on  the  w. 
side  of  Penobscot  bay.  The  principal  bays  are  Penobscot,  30  miles  long  and  18  wide  ;  Casco  bay, 
extending  20  miles  between  Cape  Elizabeth  and  Cape  Small  Point,  containing  many  islands ;  and 
Passamaquoddy  bay,  lying  between  Maine  and  New  Brunswick,  6  miles  deep  and  12  wide.  The 
shores  of  Maine  are  bold  and  rocky,  and  have  many  inlets. 

The  most  commercial  cities  and  towns  are  Portland,  (city,)  on  Casco  Bay,  the  third  in  commer- 
cial importance  in  New  England  ;  Bangor,  (city,)  on  the  Penobscot ;  Hallowell,  on  the  Kennebec  ; 
Thomaston,  on  the  St.  George  river ;  Bath,  on  the  Kennebec  ;  Belfast,  on  a  branch  of  Penobscot 
bay ;  and  Wiscasset,  on  a  bay  at  the  mouth  of  the  Sheepscot.  Besides  these,  the  other  large  towns 
are  Augusta,  Gardiner,  Brunswick,  Waldoborough,  Frankfort,  Prospect,  Bucksport,  Camden,  Gor- 
ham,  Wells,  and  Eastport. 

The  exports  of  Maine  for  the  year  ending  September,  1840,  were  $1,018,269,  and  the  imports 
were  $628,762.    There  were  in  Maine,  in  1840,  70  commercial  and  14  commission  houses  engaged 


MAI 375 MAI 

in  foreign  trade,  employing  a  capital  of  $1,6-16,926  ;  and  2,220  retail  drygoods  and  other  stores,  with 
a  capital  of  $3,973,593 ;  2,063  persons  were  employed  in  the  lumber  trade,  with  a  capital  of 
|805,850 ;  123  persons  were  employed  in  internal  transportation,  who,  with  56  butchers,  packers,  &c, 
used  a  capital  of  $95,150  ;  3,610  persons  were  engaged  in  the  fisheries,  with  a  capital  of  $526,967. 

Though  manufactures  are  not  a  primary  object  of  attention  in  Maine,  they  have  not  been  ne- 
glected. The  amount  of  home-made  or  family  manufactures  in  1840,  was  $804,397.  There  were 
24  woollen  manufactories  employing  532  persons,  producing  goods  to  the  amount  of  $412,366,  and 
employing  a  capital  of  $316,105;  6  cotton  manufactories,  with  29,736  spindles,  employing  1,414  per- 
sons, producing  goods  to  the  amount  of  $970,397,  with  a  capital  of  $1,398,000 ;  16  furnaces  produced 
6,122  tons  of  cast  iron,  and  1  forge  for  bar  iron,  employing  48  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $185,950  ; 
15  persons  produced  50,000  bushels  of  salt,  with  a  capital  of  $25,000;  280  persons  produced  granite 
and  marble  to  the  amount  of  $98,720  ;  6  paper  manufactories  employed  89  persons,  producing  to 
the  amount  of  $84,000,  with  a  capital  of  $20,600 ;  37  persons  manufactured  tobacco  to  the  amount 
of  $18,150,  with  a  capital  of  $6,050;  hats  and  caps  were  made  to  the  value  of  $74,174,  and  straw 
bonnets  to  the  value  of  $8,807,  together  employing  212  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $28,050 ;  395  tan- 
neries employed  754  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $571,793  ;  530  other  leather  manufactories,  as  saddle- 
ries, &c,  produced  articles  worth  $443,846,  and  had  a  capital  of  $191,717 ;  21  potteries  employed 
31  persons,  and  manufactured  articles  to  the  amount  of  $20,850,  with  a  capital  of  $11,353  ;  864  per- 
sons manufactured  bricks  and  lime  to  the  amount  of  $261,586,  with  a  capital  of  $300,822 ;  339  per- 
sons produced  machinery  to  the  amount  of  $69,752  ;  119  persons  produced  hardware  and  cutlery  to 
the  amount  of  $65,555  ;  4  ropewalks,  employing  34  persons,  produced  cordage  to  the  amount  of 
$32,660,  with  a  capital  of  $23,000  ;  779  persons  produced  wagons  and  carriages  to  the  amount  of 
$174,310,  and  employed  a  capital  of  $75,012;  flouring,  saw,  and  other  mills,  employed  3,630  per- 
sons, producing  manufactures  to  the  amount  of  $3,161,592,  with  a  capital  of  $2,900,565.  Ships  were 
built  to  the  amount  of  $1,844,902  ;  furniture  was  manufactured  to  the  amount  of  $204,875,  employ- 
ing 1,453  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $668,558 ;  34  brick,  and  1,674  wooden  houses  were  erected,  em- 
ploying 2,482  persons,  and  cost  $733,067  ;  34  printing  offices,  14  binderies,  3  daily,  2  semi-weekly, 
30  weekly  newspapers,  5  periodicals,  the  whole  employing  196  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $68,200. 
The  whole  amount  of  capital  employed  in  manufactures  in  the  state  was  $7,147,224. 

Maine  has  a  number  of  respectable  literary  institutions.  The  principal  is  Bowdoin  College,  at 
Brunswick,  which  received  its  name  from  the  Hon.  James  Bowdoin,  its  founder.  It  was  founded 
in  1794,  and  went  into  operation  in  1802,  has  been  liberally  endowed  by  its  founder,  by  Massachu- 
setts, and  by  Maine,  and  is  a  flourishing  institution.  It  has  11  instructors,  165  students,  and  20,000 
volumes  in  its  libraries.  Waterville  College  was  founded  in  1820^  and  is  under  the  control  of  the 
Baptists.  It  has  6  instructors,  65  students,  and  7,000  volumes  in  its  libraries.  The  Banger  Theo- 
logical Seminary  was  established  in  1816,  is  under  the  direction  of  the  Congregationalists,  and  gives 
a  classical  and  theological  education,  preparatory  to  the  gospel  ministry.  It  has  3  instructors,  43 
students,  and  7,000  volumes  in  its  library.  The  Methodists  have  an  institution  at  Readfield,  de- 
nominated the  Maine  Wesleyan  Seminary,  founded  in  1822.  In  all  these  institutions  there  were  in 
1840,  266  students,  which  is  something  less  than  the  above  aggregate,  which  is  of  a  later  date. 
There  were  in  the  state  in  1840,  86  academies,  with  8,477  students,  and  3,385  primary  and  com- 
mon schools,  with  164,477  scholars.  Notwithstanding  these  facilities  for  education,  there  were 
3,241  persons  over  20  years  of  age  who  could  neither  read  nor  write. 

The  three  principal  religious  denominations  in  Maine  are  the  Baptists,  the  Methodists,  and  the 
Congregationalists.  In  1836  their  numbers  were  as  follows  :  Baptists,  222  churches,  145  ordained 
ministers,  15,000  communicants  ;  Methodists,  115  travelling  preachers,  15,493  communicants  ;  Con- 
gregationalists, 161  churches,  119  ministers,  12,370  communicants.  Besides  the  above,  there  are 
some  Free- Will  Baptists,  Friends,  Universalists,  Unitarians,  Roman  Catholics,  and  Episcopalians. 

There  were  on  the  1st  of  January,  1840,  48  banks  in  Maine,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of 
$4,671,500,  and  a  circulation  of  $1,224,658.  At  the  close  of  1840  the  state  debt  amounted  to 
$1,687,367. 

There  is  a  state  prison  at  Thomaston,  where  the  convicts  are  extensively  employed  in  quarrying 
and  cutting  stone. 

Maine  has  executed  and  projected  several  important  works  of  internal  improvement.  The  Cum- 
berland and  Oxford  canal  was  completed  in  1829.  This  canal  connects  Portland  with  Sebago 
Pond,  is  20*  miles  long,  and  has  25  locks.  By  another  lock  in  Saco  river,  it  is  extended  through 
Brandy  and  Long  ponds,  making  its  whole  length  50  miles,  and  its  whole  cost  about  $250,000. 
Bangor  and  Orono  railroad  was  completed  in  1836,  and  connects  the  two  places,  being  12  miles 
long.  The  Portland,  Saco,  and  Portsmouth  railroad  was  incorporated  in  1837,  and  connects  with 
the  railroad  from  Boston  to  Portsmouth.  A  railroad  has  been  projected  from  Portland  to  Bangor,  a 
distance  of  132  miles,  to  complete  the  great  chain  of  railroads  along  the  seaboard.  Several  routes 
have  been  explored  from  the  seaboard  to  Quebec,  the  nearest  and  least  expensive  of  which  is  from 
Belfast ;  but  it  is  not  probable  that  such  a  work  will  soon  be  completed. 


MAL 


376 


MAN 


Maine  became  an  independent  state  in  1820,  having  previously  belonged  to  Massachusetts.  The 
governor  is  chosen  annually  by  tbe  people,  and  has  a  salary  of  $1,500.  The  senate  and  house  of 
representatives  are  also  elected  annually  by  the  people.  The  number  of  the  senate  cannot  be  less 
than  20,  nor  more  than  31.  The  number  of  representatives  cannot  be  less  than  100,  nor  more  than 
200.  Seven  councillors  are  elected  by  the  legislature  to  advise  the  governor  in  his  executive  du- 
ties. The  judges  of  the  supreme  court  are  appointed  by  the  governor  and  council,  and  hold  their 
offices  during  good  behavior,  or  until  they  are  70  years  of  age. 

The  first  permanent  settlement  in  Maine  was  made  in  Bristol,  which  lies  on  the  east  side  of  Da- 
mariscotta  river,  at  Pemaquid  point.  In  1635,  the  District  was  granted  by  the  British  crown  to  Sir 
Ferdinando  Gorges,  who  appointed  a  governor  and  council.  In  1652,  the  state  of  Massachusetts 
purchased  the  territory  of  the  heirs  of  Gorges  for  $5,334.  It  was  annexed  to  Massachusetts  in  169 1> 
by  a  charter  from  William  and  Mary,  and  remained  under  its  jurisdiction  until  it  became  an  inde- 
pendent state. 


Maine,  p-v.,  Union  t,  Broome  co.,  N.  Y.,  147 
w.  s.  w.  Albany,  296  W.  It  contains  1  Presby- 
terian and  1  Baptist  church,  an  academy,  2  stores, 

1  tannery,  50  dwellings,  and  about  300  inhabit- 
ants. 

Mainesburg,  p-o.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  142  n.  Har- 
risburg,  252  W. 

Malaga,  p-t.,  Monroe  co.,  O.,  110  e.  Colum- 
bus, 290  W.  The  v.  is  situated  on  elevated 
ground,  and  contains  1  church,  2  stores,  and  15 
or  20  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  2  sch.  55 
scholars.    Pop.  1,442. 

Malaga,  p-v.,  Gloucester  co.,  N.  J.,  55  s.  w. 
Trenton,  166  W.  Situated  on  the  head  branch 
of  Maurice  r.,  and  contains  2  stores,  a  grist  m., 
a  glass  fac,  which  manufactures  window  glass, 
35  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Malcolm,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Miss.,  70  s.  w. 
Jackson,  1,080  W. 

Malden,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  5  n.  Bos- 
ton, 445  W.  The  surface  is  rough  and  uneven, 
with  considerable  salt  meadow.  It  contains  4 
churches — 1  Congregationalist,  1  Baptist,  1  Meth- 
odist, and  1  Universalist.  Incorporated  in  1649. 
A  bridge  over  Mystic  r.  connects  it  with  Charles- 
town.  There  are  in  the  1. 13  stores,  cap.  $9,550 ; 
3  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $105,675.  8  sch. 
659  scholars.    Pop.  2,514. 

Malden,  p-v.,  Saugerties  t.,  Ulster  co.,  N.  Y., 
112  n.  New  York,  43  s.  by  w.  Albany,  333  W. 
Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Hudson  r.,  and  con- 
tains 1  church  and  2  stores.  It  has  a  steamboat 
landing,  from  which  a  large  quantity  of  leather 
and  of  flagging  stones  are  shipped. 

Malden  Bridge,  p-v.,  Chatham  t.,  Columbia 
co.,  N.  Y.,  16  s.  by  e.  Albany,  361  W.  Situated 
on  Kinderhook  cr.,  and  contains  2  churches,  3 
stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  cabinet  fac,  1  tannery  and 
harness  fac,  40  dwellings,  and  about  250  inhabit- 
ants. 

Mallet  Creek,  p-o.,  Medina  co.,  O.,  117  n. 
e.  by  n.  Columbus,  356  W. 

Mallorysville,  p-v.,  Wilkes  co.,  Ga.,  91  n. 
e.  Milledgeville,  583  W.   It  contains  an  academy, 

2  stores,  and  8  or  10  dwellings. 

Malone,  p-t.,  capital  of  Franklin  co.,  N.  Y., 
214  n.  by  w.  Albany,  529  W.  The  surface  is 
level ;  soil,  a  fertile  sandy  loam.  Watered  by 
Salmon  and  Trout  rivers,  which  flow  into  Canada. 
The  v.  has  a  romantic  situation,  on  both  sides  of 
Salmon  r.,  crossed  by  a  bridge  80  feet  wide,  and 
65  above  the  surface  of  the  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  county  clerk's  office,  3  churches — 1 
Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  1  Methodist — the  Frank- 
lin Academy,  a  state  arsenal,  1  cotton  fac  with 
5,000  sp.  and  80  looms,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  pail 
fac,  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  and  1 
furnace,  100  dwellings,  and  about  750  inhabit- 
ants. The  r.  affords  extensive  water  power,  and 
the  best  of  iron  ore  is  found  in  the  vicinity.   The 


t.  has  6  stores,  cap.  $18,250  ;  1  lumber  yard,  cap. 
$5,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  forge,  2  tanneries,  1  print- 
ing office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  2  grist  m.,  8  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $37,673.  1  acad.,  18  sch. 
765  scholars.    Pop.  3,229. 

Malta,  p-t.,  Saratoga  co.,  N.  Y.,  6  s.  e.  Ball- 
ston  Spa,  29  n.  Albany,  400  W.  The  surface  is 
undulating ;  soil,  clay,  loam,  and  sand.  Saratoga 
lake  lies  in  the  n.  e.,  and  Round  lake  in  the  s. 
E.  part.  Drained  by  Anthony's  Kill,  the  outlet 
of  Round  lake.  The  v.,  called  Dunning  Street, 
has  1  store,  and  12  or  15  dwellings.  The  t.  has 
3  stores,  cap.  $8,800 ;  3  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac, 
3  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $16,100.  10  sch.  357  scholars. 
Pop.  1,457. 

Malta,  p-v.,  Morgan  co.,  O.,  72  e.  by  s.  Co- 
lumbus, 331  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Mus- 
kingum r.  The  v.  contains  3  stores,  30  dwellings, 
and  about  200  inhabitants.  The  t.  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $8,100  ;  1  tannery,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac $1,750.    5  sch.  101  scholars.    Pop.  1,405. 

Maltaville,  p-v.,  Malta  t.,  Saratoga  co.,  N. 
Y.,  30  n.  Albany,  401  W.  Situated  near  Round 
lake,  and  contains  1  church,  1  store,  1  woollen 
fac,  1  grist  m.,  and  15  or  20  dwellings. 

Maluncas,  p-o.,  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  140  n.  e. 
Augusta,  735  W. 

Malugin  Grove,  p-o.,  Lee  co.,  111. 

Malvern,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  O.,  137  e.  n.  e. 
Columbus,  306  W. 

Mamakating,  t.,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  e. 
Monticello,  101  s.  s.  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is 
hilly  and  mountainous.  Watered  by  Bashe's 
Kill,  along  which  passes  the  Delaware  and  Hud- 
son canal.  It  has  23  stores,  cap.  $45,250 ;  9  lum- 
ber yards,  cap.  $4,900 ;  6  tanneries,  3  distilleries, 
5  grist  m.,  14  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $48,553. 
1  acad.  36  students,  16  sch.  883  scholars.  Pop. 
3,418. 

Mamaroneck,  p-t.,  Westchester  co.,  N.  Y.,  23 
N.  e.  New  York,  143  s.  Albany,  248  W.  The 
surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  sandy  loam  and  clay,  well 
cultivated.  Drained  by  Mamaroneck  cr.,  which 
flows  into  Long  Island  sound,  which  latter  bounds 
it  on  the  s.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  sound,  and 
contains  1  Episcopal  and  1  Methodist  church,  2 
stores,  1  salamander  safe  fac,  40  dwellings,  and 
about  250  inhabitants.  Two  or  three  sloops, 
owned  here,  ply  between  this  place  and  New 
York.   Thet.  has  3  sch.  64  scholars.   Pop.  1,416. 

Mammelle,  t.,  Poinsett  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1 
tannery,  1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,500.  1 
sch.  25  scholars.    Pop.  124. 

Manahocking,  p-v.,  Stafford  t.,  Monmouth  co., 
N.  J.,  61  e.  Trenton,  200  W.  Situated  on  a  cr. 
of  the  same  name,  4  miles  from  Little  Egg  Har- 
bor bay,  and  contains  3  churches — 1  Baptist,  1 
Methodist,  and  1  Friends— 30  dwellings,  and 
about  200  inhabitants. 


MAN 


377 


MAN 


Manalapan,  p-o. 
E.  Trenton,  193  W. 


Monmouth  co.,  N.  J., 


M anasquan,  r.,  Monmouth  co.,  N.  Y.,  rises  in 
Freehold  t.,  and  alter  a  s.  e.  course  of  18  miles, 
enters  the  Atlantic  by  Manasquan  inlet.  The 
tidewater,  3  ms.  above  its  mouth,  is  crossed  by 
Septan  bridge. 

Manasquan,  p-v.,  Howell  t,  Monmouth  co., 
N.  J.,  51  e.  s.  e.  Trenton,  217  W. 

Manayink,  p  v.,  Roxborough  t.,  Philadelphia 
co.,  Pa.,  7  N.  N.  w.  Philadelphia,  99  E.  by  s.  Har- 
risburg,  144  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  bank  of 
Sehuylkill  r.,  and  on  Flat  Rock  canal,  a  part  of 
the  Schuylkill  chain.     It  has  an  extensive  water 

fiower,  created  by  the  waste  wrater  of  the  canal, 
t  contains  5  churches — 1  German  Reformed,  1 
Episcopal,  2  Methodist,  and  1  Roman  Catholic — 
12  or  15  stores,  25  or  30  mills  and  manufactories, 
and  500  dwellings.  Two  bridges  cross  the  Schuyl- 
kill, and  the  Schuylkill  canal  and  Norristown 
railroad  pass  through  the  place. 

Manchac,  p-o.,  East  Baton  Rouge  parish,  La., 
102  n.  w.  New  Orleans,  1,182  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  r.,  and  s.  side  of 
Manchac  Pass. 

Manchaug,  p-o.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  43  w. 
Boston,  400  W. 

Manchester,  p-t.,  Hillsboro'  co.,  N.  H.,  21  s. 
s.  e.  Concord,  461  W.  Merrimac  r.  runs  on  its 
w.  border,  and  affords  an  extensive  water  power. 
Massabesic  pond,  a  large  body  of  water,  lies  on 
its  e.  border.  The  canal  around  Amoskeag  falls, 
in  the  Merrimac,  is  in  this  t.  The  soil  is  light 
and  sandy,  but  fertile  on  the  r.  Incorporated  in 
1751.  A  flourishing  manufacturing  v.  is  rising 
up  at  the  falls.  There  are  in  the  t.  31  stores,  cap. 
$66,945  ;  3  lumber  yards,  cap.  $18,000;  1  fulling 
m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  brewery,  2  printing  offices, 
3  weekly  newspapers,  4  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $569,512.  8  sch.  950  scholars.  Pop. 
3,235. 

Manchester,  p-t.,  and  semi-capital  of  Ben- 
nington co.,  Vt.,  95  s.  s.  w.  Montpclier,  428  W. 
The  surface  is  uneven,  and  the  soil  fertile.  Wa- 
tered by  Battenkill  r.  and  its  branches,  which 
afford  extensive  water  power.  White  marble  is 
found  in  inexhaustible  quantities.  The  v.  is 
pleasantly  situated  on  elevated  ground,  and  hand- 
somely built,  chiefly  on  one  street.  It  contains 
a  court  house,  jail,  a  well  endowed  academy, 
called  the  Burr  Seminary,  a  Congregational 
church,  and  a  number  of  stores  and  mechanic 
shops.  There  is  another  v.  N.  of  this,  and  in  the 
t.  an  Episcopal  and  a  Baptist  church.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $18,000  ;  3  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac, 
1  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,075. 
1  acad.  105  students.  10  sch.  510  scholars.  Pop. 
1,594. 

Manchester,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  23  n.  e. 
Boston,  463  W.  Situated  on  Massachusetts  bay. 
The  surface  is  rough  and  rocky,  and  the  soil  va- 
rious. The  inhabitants  are  extensively  employed 
in  the  fisheries.  Vessels  of  120  tons  come  to  the 
v.,  and  vessels  of  any  size  find  good  anchorage 
in  the  harbor,  which  is  safe.  The  v.  has  1  Con- 
gregational and  1  Universalist  church,  and  about 
80  or  90  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  6  com- 
mercial houses,  cap.  $10,500 ;  1  tannery,  2  grist 
m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $65,950.  4  sch. 
200  scholars.     Pop.  1,355. 

Manchester,  p-t.,  Hartford  co.,  Ct.,  10  e. 
Hartford,  346  W.  Situated  on  Hockanum  river, 
which  affords  water  power.  The  surface  is  un- 
even; soil,  sandy  and  gravelly  loam.  It  has 
several  villages.  Incorporated  in  1823.  It  has 
7  stores,  cap.  $20,300;  6  fulling  m.,  5  woollen 
fac,  2  cotton  fac.  3,800  sp.,  2  powder  ni.,  7  paper 
48 


fac,  2  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $220,500.  7 
sch.  407  scholars.     Pop.  1,695. 

Manchester,  p-t.,  Ontario  co.,  N.  Y.,  8  N. 
Canandaigua,  202  w.  Albany,  34S  W.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  ;  soil,  sandy  loam  and  clay, 
and  fertile.  Drained  by  Canandaigua  outlet.  It 
contains  a  sulphur  spring  in  the  k.  part  of  the  t. 
The  v.  is  situated  on  the  outlet  of  Canandaigua 
lake,  and  contains  2  churches,  2  stores,  1  woollen 
fac,  1  furnace,  25  dwellings,  and  about  200  in- 
habitants. There  are  in  the  t.  3  stores,  capital 
$8,550;  3  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries, 
2  distilleries,  1  paper  fac,  2  flouring  m.,  2  grist 
m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $98,450.  10  sch. 
975  scholars.     Pop.  2,912. 

Manchester,  v.,  Kirtland  t.,  Oneida  co.,  N. 
Y.  Situated  on  Oriskany  cr.,  and  contains  1 
church,  3  stores,  1  cotton  fac,  1  flouring  m.,  1 
grist  m.,  50  dwellings,  and  about  350  inhabitants. 

Manchester,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  Pa.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $17,000;  2  tanneries,  15  distilleries, 
1  pottery,  8  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$84,450.    3  sch.  60  scholars.    Pop.  284. 

Manchester,  v.,  Poughkeepsie  t.,  Dutchess 
co.,  JN.  Y.  Situated  on  Wappinger's  creek,  and 
contains  a  cotton  fac  with  2,000  sp.  and  66  looms, 
employing  100  persons ;  20  or  30  dwellings,  and 
about  250  inhabitants. 

Manchester,  p-o.,  Monmouth  co.,  N.  J 

Manchester,  t.,  Passaic  co.,  N.  J.,  18  n.  w. 
New  York.  Organized  in  1836.  The  surface  is 
hilly  or  mountainous.  Watered  by  Ramapo, 
Pompton,  and  Passaic  rivers,  which  afford  ex- 
tensive water  power.  The  v.  is  on  the  Passaic 
r.,  opposite  to  Paterson,  with  which  it  is  connect- 
ed by  2  bridges.  It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $16,000  ;  2 
tanneries,  1  distillery,  7  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $38,665.  1  acad.  24  students,  6  sch. 
265  scholars.     Pop.  3,110. 

31anchester,  p-t.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  18  s.  Harris- 
burg,  96  W.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $17,000;  2 
lumber  yards,  cap.  $1,100;  2  tanneries,  15  distil- 
leries, 1  pottery,  1  flouring  m.,  8  grist  m.,  5  saw 
m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $81,450.     Pop.  2,152. 

Manchester,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  60  n.  w. 
Annapolis,  70  W. 

Manchester,  p-v.,  Sprigg  t.,  Adams  co.,  O., 
114  s.  by  w.  Columbus,  451  W.  Situated  on  the 
Ohio  r.,  and  contains  a  number  of  stores,  about 
30  or  40  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 
First  settled  in  1791. 

Manchester,  t.,  Morgan  co.,  O.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $1,200 ;  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $2,025.  8  sch.  268  scholars.  Pop.  1,267. 

Manchester,  v.,  Franklin  t.,  Summit  co.,  O. 
(See  Nimisilla.) 

Manchester,  p-v.,  Chesterfield  co.,  Va.,  2  s. 
Richmond,  1 19  W.  Pleasantly  situated  on  James 
r.,  opposite  to  Richmond,  to  which  it  is  united  by 
Mayo's  bridge.  It  contains  2  churches — 1  Bap- 
tist and  1  Methodist— 6  grocery  stores,  1  cotton 
seed  oil  m.,  1  cotton  fac,  with  a  cap.  of  $70,000, 
8  tobacco  fac,  1  flouring  m.,  360  dwellings,  and 
1,500  inhabitants. 

Manchester,  p-v.,  capital  of  Clay  co.,  Ky., 
119  s.  e.  Frankfort,  540  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Goose  cr.,  a  tributary  of  Kentucky  r.  It 
contains  a  court  house,  and  several  stores  and 
dwellings. 

Manchester,  p-t.,  Washtenaw  co.,  Jwich^3 
w.  Detroit,  523  W.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $12,000 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  distil- 
lery, 1  brewery,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$4,600.  .  ,       _        .,0 

Manchester,  t.,  Clark  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  443. 

.Manchester,  p-v.,  Dearborn  co.,  la.,  76  s.  e. 
Indianapolis,  524  W.    Pop.  of  the  t.  2,428. 


MAN 


378 


MAN 


Manchester,  p-v.,  Scott  co.,  111.,  51  w.  by  s. 
Springfield,  831  W. 

Manchester,  p-v.,  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  108  e. 
Jefferson  City,  828  W. 

Manchester,  p-v.,  capital  of  Coffee  co.,  Tenn., 
68  s.  E.  Nashville,  652  W.  Situated  on  the  head 
waters  of  Duck  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house  and 
several  dwellings. 

Manchester  Centre,  p  o.,  Manchester  t., 
Ontario  co.,  N.  Y.,  205  w.  Albany,  315  W. 

Mandana,  p-o.,  Skeneateles  t.,  Onondaga  co.. 
N.  Y. 

Mandan,  district,  is  a  territory  of  the  United 
States,  included  between  the  British  Possessions 
on  the  n.,  Wisconsin  ter.  on  the  e.,  the  Indian 
ter.  on  the  s.,  of  which  the  n.  fork  of  Platte  r. 
may  be  considered  the  boundary,  and  the  Rocky 
mountains,  separating  it  from  Oregon  ter.,  on  the 
w.  It  contains  about  300,000  square  ms.,  being 
about  520  ms.  from  N.  to  s.,  and  600  from  e.  to  w. 
This  extensive  region  has  been  but  imperfectly 
explored.  The  surface  is  chiefly  an  elevated 
plain,  or  table  land,  consisting  of  vast  prairies,  on 
which  large  herds  of  the  bison,  elk,  and  deer, 
range  ;  and  though  the  soil  is  generally  light  and 
thin,  it  affords  abundant  grass  and  herbage  for 
their  support,  and  it  is  undoubtedly  capable  of 
supporting  an  equal  number  of  domestic  cattle. 
The  principal  rivers  are  the  Missouri  and  Yellow 
Stone,  with  their  numerous  branches,  including 
their  sources.  The  largest  branch  of  the  Yellow 
Stone  is  the  Big  Horn,  which  rises  in  the  s.  w. 
part  of  the  ter.  The  source  of  the  Missouri  in 
this  ter.  is  about  3,100  ms.  above  its  junction  with 
the  Mississippi,  in  about  43°  30'  n.  lat.  Within 
about  $  of  a  mile  from  this  point  are  found  the 
head  waters  of  the  n.  branch  of  Lewis's  r.,  which 
flows  into  the  Columbia  r.  The  principal  eleva- 
tions E.  of  the  Rocky  mountains  are  the  Black 
hills,  covered  with  shrubby  cedars,  which  com- 
mence in  the  s.  part  of  the  ter.,  extending  n.  e. 
The  most  interesting  feature  of  this  region  is  the 
capacity  which  it  affords  for  a  pass  and  a  road 
across  the  Rocky  mountains.  It  appears  that  all 
the  points  of  departure  are  situated  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  Black  hills,  between  the  43d  and  the  45th 
parallels  of. latitude ;  and  that  among  these  passes 
across  the  mountains,  there  is  one,  and  probably 
but  one,  sufficiently  gradual  in  its  ascents  and 
descents,  and  sufficiently  open,  to  admit  of  the 
passage  of  wheel  carriages,  and  consequently  of 
the  ready  construction  of  a  convenient  and  good 
road.  This  pass  goes  through  an  opening  in  the 
Black  hills,  at  about  44°  30'  n.  lat.,  and,  keeping 
between  these  hills  and  Big  Horn  mountain,  it 
crosses  the  tributaries  of  the  Yellow  Stone  from 
the  s.,  and  finally  the  Yellow  Stone  itself.  It 
then  crosses  the  Missouri,  or  rather  the  three 
forks  of  that  r.,  a  short  distance  above  their  junc- 
tion, from  whence  it  pursues  a  southwestwardly 
direction,  until  arriving  at  the  head  waters  of 
Bitter  Root  r. ;  thence  down  the  valley  of  this  r., 
to  its  junction  with  the  Salmon,  or  Lewis's  r., 
and  thence  down  the  valley  of  this  last  r.,  to  its 
junction  with  the  Columbia.  The  point  of  de- 
parture above-mentioned  is  about  650  ms.  north- 
westwardly from  the  Council  Bluffs,  on  the  Mis- 
souri ;  and  the  direction  of  that  r.,  for  300  ms.,  is 
nearly  parallel  with  the  route  above  described, 
and  the  Missouri  would  afford  the  means  of 
transportation  for  300  miles,  from  the  Council 
Bluffs,  on  the  route.  A  future  day  may  witness 
a  good  road  across  the  Rocky  mountains  along 
this  interesting  route.  The  principal  aboriginal 
tribes  of  Mandan  district  are  the  Pawnees,  Ricca- 
rees,  Crows,  Blackfeet  Indians,  &c.  They  own 
horses  in  abundance,  and  on  them  pursue  the 


bison,  and  transport  their  baggage  from  place  to 
place ;  and  many  of  them  are  very  expert  horse- 
men. A  greater  part  of  this  region  is  destitute 
of  timber ;  but  as  the  rivers  descend  tow-ard  the 
E.,  trees  extensively  skirt  their  borders.  The 
Mandan  Indians,  who  formerly  inhabited  a  part 
of  this  territory,  were  mostly  exterminated  by 
the  small-pox  in  1837 ;  and  those  who  remained 
have  become  united  with  other  tribes.  To  per- 
petuate their  memory,  their  name  has  been  at- 
tached to  the  district. 

Mandarin,  p-o.,  Duvall  co.,  Flor.  Situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  St.  John's  r. 

Mandeville,  v.,  St.  Tammany  parish,  La 
Situated  on  the  N.  side  of  Lake  Pontchartrain, 
and  contains  a  few  dwellings. 

Mangohick,  p-o.,  King  William  co.,  Va. 

Manhassett,  p-v.,  N.  Hempstead  t.,  Queens 
co.,  N.  Y.,  137  s.  by  e.  Albany,  247  W.  Situated 
at  the  head  of  Cow  Neck,  and  contains  3  church- 
es— 1  Dutch  Reformed,  1  Episcopal,  and  1 
Friends — an  academy,  1  store,  and  10  or  15 
dwellings. 

Manhattan,  p-v.,  Port  Lawrence  t.,  Lucas 
co.,  O.,  137  n.  by  w.  Columbus,  467  W.  Situ- 
ated at  the  mouth  of  Maumee  r.,  at  the  termina- 
tion of  the  Wabash  and  Erie  canal.  It  has  1  sch. 
35  scholars.     Pop.  282. 

Manhattan,  p-v.,  Putnam  co.,  la.,  46  w.  by  s. 
Indianapolis,  617  W.  Situated  on  the  national 
road,  and  on  the  w.  side  of  Eel  r. 

Manhattanville,  v.,  New  York  co.,  N.  Y., 
8  n.  City  Hall,  New  York.  Situated  on  the  e. 
side  of  Hudson  river,  and  contains  1  Episcopal 
church,  4  stores,  1  white  lead  fac,  70  dwellings, 
and  about  500  inhabitants.  It  has  a  convenient 
landing  and  wharf.  The  New  York  Lunatic 
Asylum  is  situated  on  elevated  ground,  half  a 
mile  s. 

Manheim,  p-t.,  Herkimer  co.,  N.  Y.,  64  w.  n. 
w.  Albany,  397  W.  Te  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  a 
fertile  clay  and  calcareous  loam.  Drained  by 
East  Canada  cr.,  which  flows  into  the  Mohawk  r., 
which  bounds  it  on  the  s.  It  has  7  stores,  cap. 
$16,500 ;  3  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.,  1  oil 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $164,600.  9  sch.  496 
scholars.     Pop.  2,095. 

Manheim,  p-t.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  33  e.  s.  e. 
Harrisburg,  123  W.  The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil, 
calcareous  loam  and  clay.  Great  Conestoga  cr. 
flows  on  its  e.,  and  Little  Conestoga  cr.  on  its  s. 
w.  boundary.  Moravia  cr.  crosses  its  n.  e.  cor- 
ner. It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $6,000 ;  3  flouring  m., 
1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,075.  1 
sch.  35  scholars.    Pop.  1,829. 

Manheim,  t.,  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.  The  surface 
is  mountainous ;  soil,  a  sterile  white  gravel. 
Schuylkill  r.  runs  through  its  n.  e.  part,  by  trib- 
utaries of  which  it  is  drained.  It  contains  a  Lu- 
theran church  in  its  s.  w.  part.  It  has  13  stores, 
cap.  $33,500 ;  1  furnace,  1  forge,  2  tanneries,  1 
powder  m.,  4  grist  m.,  16  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $3,500.     5  sch.  128  scholars.     Pop.  3,441. 

Manheim,  t.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  16  s.  w.  York. 
The  surface  is  undulating ;  soil,  a  fertile  loam. 
Drained  by  Hammer  cr.,  a  branch  of  Codorus  cr. 
It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $5,000 ;  1  woollen  fac,  4  tan- 
neries, 36  distilleries,  1  pottery,  1  paper  fac,  11 
grist  m.,  12  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$54,372.    4  sch.  71  scholars.    Pop.  1,525. 

Manheim  Centre,  p-o.,  Manheim  t.,  Herki- 
mer co.,  N.  Y.,  72  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  394  W. 

Manilla,  p-o.,  Rush  co.,  la.,  42  e.  s.  e.  Indi- 
anapolis, 548  W. 

Manitoowoc,  county,  Wis.  Situated  in  the 
n.  E.  part  of  the  ter.,  and  contains  468  sq.  ms. 
The  soil  is  heavily  timbered  and  fertile,  with 


MAN 


379 


MAP 


some  swamps, 
its    branches. 


Drained  by  Manitoowoc  r.  and 
Capital,  Manitoowoc.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  81,  swine  90;  wheat 
225  bush,  produced,   Ind.  corn   175,  oats  1,750, 

r>tatoes  1,900,  sugar  2,900  pounds  ;  1  flouring  m., 
saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $20,000.     Pop.  235. 

Manitoowoc,  p-v.,  capital  of  Manitoowoc  co., 
Wis.,  178  n.  e.  Madison,  900  W.  Situated  on 
Manitoowoc  r.,  at  its  junction  with  Lake  Michigan. 

Manistee,  county,  Mich.,  on  the  n.  e.  shore 
of  Lake  Michigan.  Manistee  r.  passes  through 
the  co.,  into  Lake  Michigan.     It  is  unorganized. 

Manlius,  p-t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  e.  Sy- 
racuse, 121  w.  by  N.  Albany,  346  W.  The  sur- 
face is  rolling ;  soil,  a  fertile  clay  and  sandy 
loam.  Drained  by  Limestone  and  Chittenango 
creeks.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  Cherry  Valley 
turnpike,  and  contains  5  churches,  an  academy, 
7  stores,  3  cotton  fac,  3  grist  m.,  1  fulling  m.,  f 
saw  m.,  1  tannery,  1  carriage  fac,  1  plaster  m. 
200  dwellings,  and  about  1,200  inhabitants.  In 
corporated  in  1813.  There  are  in  the  t,  22  stores, 
cap.  $98,000;  3  tanneries,  1  printing  office,  1 
weekly  newspaper,  3  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $148,600.  3  acad.  578  students,  24 
sch.  1,402  scholars.     Pop.  5,509. 

Manlius  Centre,  p-v.,  Manlius  t.,  Onondaga 
co.,  N.  Y.,  135  w.  by  n.  Albany,  350  W.  Situa- 
ted on  the  Erie  canal,  and  contains  1  church,  3 
6tores,  40  dwellings,  and  about  300  inhabitants 

Manlius,  t,  Allegan  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1  saw 
m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,500.    Pop.  35. 

Manlius,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  Mo.,  118  n.  w.  Jef- 
ferson City,  1,012  W. 

Manningham,  p-v.,  Butler  co.,  Ala.,  132  s.  s 
e.  Tuscaloosa,  889  W. 

Mannings,  p-o.,  Claiborne  co.,  Miss.,  406  n 
w.  New  Orleans,  1,325  W. 

Mannington,  p-o.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  185 
N.  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  295  W. 

Mannington,  t.,  Salem  co.,  N.  J.,  6  n.  e.  Sa- 
lem. The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  a  fertile  loam. 
Drained  by  Salem  river  and  Mannington  cr. 
It  contains  1  Baptist  and  1  Methodist  church, 
and  the  county  poorhouse.  It  has  1  store,  1 
grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,510.  7  sch.  169 
scholars.     Pop.  2,064. 

Mannington,  p-o.,  Leon  co.,  Flor. 

Mannsborough,  p-v.,  Amelia  co.,  Va.,  46  s. 
w.  Richmond,  165  W. 

Mannsville,  p-v.,  Ellisburg  t.,  Jefferson  co., 
N.  Y.,  166  n.  w.  Albany,  396  W.  It  contains  1 
church,  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  carding 
and  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  25  dwellings,  and  about 
150  inhabitants. 

Manor,  p-t.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  6  s.  w.  Lan- 
caster, 33  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  105  W.  The  surface 
is  rolling  or  hilly  ;  soil,  calcareous  loam.  The 
Conestoga  r.  forms  its  s.  E.  boundary,  by  branches 
of  which  it  is  watered.  It  has  7  stores,  cap. 
$22,500 ;  1  woollen  fac,  18  distilleries,  10  flour- 
ing m.,  10  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$57,800.     18  sch.  844  scholars.     Pop.  4,152. 

Manor  Hill,  p-o.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  83  w. 
Harrisburg. 

Mansfield,  t.,  Lamoille  co.,  Vt.,  20  e.  by  n. 
Burlington,  20  n.  w.  Montpelier.  Chartered  in 
1763.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  containing 
the  highest  peaks  in  the  Green  mountains,  de- 
nominated the  Chin,  4,279  feet  above  tidewater, 
and  the  Nose,  3,983  feet.  There  is  a  little  good 
land  along  Waterbury  and  Brown's  rivers,  by 
which  it  is  drained ;  but  most  of  it  is  incapable 
of  cultivation.  It  has  2  saw  m.,  4  sch.  77  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  223. 

Mansfield,  p-t.,  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  29  s.  s.  w. 
Boston,  421  W.    The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  light 


and  thin.  Watered  by  branches  of  Taunton  r. 
Chartered  in  1770.  A  valuable  bed  of  anthracite 
coal  has  been  found  near  the  Boston  and  Provi- 
dence railroad.  It  has  5  stores,  1  woollen  fac, 
3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $76,300. 
8  sch.  345  scholars.    Pop.  1,332. 

Mansfield,  p-t.,  Tolland  co.,  Ct.,  24  E.  Hart- 
ford, 360  W.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil, 
gravelly  loam.  Watered  by  Willimantic  r.  and 
Natchaug  r.  and  its  branches,  which  afford  water 
power.  It  is  noted  for  the  production  of  silk, 
which  commenced  here  in  1793,  and  has  pro- 
gressed to  the  present  time.  A  large  amount  of 
sewing  silk  is  exported.  It  has  5  stores,  cap. 
$6,100 ;  1  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  1,000  sp., 
3  tanneries,  1  pottery,  4  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $66,133.  17  sch.  613  scholars.  Pop. 
2,276. 

Mansfield,  p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.  Y.,  5  w. 
Ellicottville,  300  w.  by  s.  Albany,  342  W.  The 
surface  is  undulating  ;  soil,  gravelly  loam,  adapt- 
ed to  grass  and  grain.  Drained  by  Cattaraugus 
cr.,  and  tributaries  of  Alleghany  r.  It  has  1 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $1,600.  6 
sch.  252  scholars.     Pop.  942. 

Mansfield,  p-t.,  Warren  co.,  N.  J.,  48  n.  n. 
w.  Trenton,  207  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous ; 
soil,  calcareous  loam,  and  fertile.  Drained  by 
Musconetcong  and  Pohatcong  creeks.  It  con- 
tains a  chalybeate  spring,  and  iron  ore  is  found. 
The  Morris  canal  winds  through  the  t.,  between 
its  hills.  It  has  8  stores,  cap.  $33,400  ;  1  tanne- 
ry, 1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$66,950.     12  sch.  1,027  scholars.    Pop.  3,057. 

Mansfield,  t.,  Burlington  co.,  N.  J.,  7  N. 
Mount  Holly.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  sand, 
loam,  and  clay,  well  cultivated  and  productive. 
Drained  by  Black's,  Craft's,  and  Assiscunk 
creeks,  which  flow  into  Delaware  r.  Along  the 
r.  is  a  clay,  which  makes  excellent  fire  bricks. 
It  contains  several  villages.  It  has  5  stores,  cap. 
$13,100;  1  fulling  m.,  2  distilleries,  1  pottery,  1 
grist  m.,  1  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $122,500. 

1  acad.,  12  sch.  144  scholars.     Pop.  2,401. 
Mansfield,  p-o.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  143  n.  by  w. 

Harrisburg,  253  W. 

Mansfield,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Richland  co., 
O.,  63  n.  n.  e.  Columbus,  378  W.  It  is  pleasantly 
situated  on  elevated  ground,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  a  market  house,  6  churches,  17  stores, 

2  printing  offices,  300  dwellings,  and  1,328  in- 
habitants. 

Mansfield,  p-o.,  Louisa  co.,  Va.,  61  n.  w. 
Richmond,  104  W. 

Mansfield  Centre,  p-o.,  Mansfield  t.,  Tol- 
land co.,  Ct.,  29  e.  Hartford,  363  W. 

Mansker's  Creek,  p-o.,  Davidson  co.,  Tenn., 
13  Nashville,  692  W. 

Mansura,  Avoyelles  parish,  La.,  249  n.  w.  N. 
Orleans,  1,206  W. 

Mantua,  p-t.,  Portage  co.,  O.,  150  n.  e.  Colum- 
bus, 327  W.  Watered  by  Cuyahoga  r.  and  its 
branches.  It  is  a  good  agricultural  t.,  and  is 
distinguished  for  its  fine  orchards.  It  contains  a 
church  and  an  academy,  10  sch.  463  scholars. 
Pop.  1,187. 

Mantua,  p-v.,  McMinn  co.,  Tenn.,  164  e.  s.  e. 
Nashville,  564  W. 

Manwaring's,  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,  la.,  23  s.  E. 
Indianapolis,  573  W. 

Maple,  p-t.,  Ionia  co.,  Mich.,  129  w.  n.  w. 
Detroit,  623  W.  It  has  a  good  soil,  adapted  to 
grain. 

Maple  Grove,  p-o.,  Butternutts  t.,  Otsego  co., 
N.  Y.,  90  w.  Albany,  340  W. 

Maplesville,  p-v.,  Bibb  co.,  Ala.,  62  s.  E. 
Tuscaloosa,  809  W. 


MAR 


380 


MAR 


Abbeville  dist.,  S.  C,  110  \v. 


Mapleton,  p-v 
Columbia,  558  W. 

Mapleton,  p-v.,  Stark  co.,  O.,  132  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 308  W. 

3Ivquon,  p-o.,  Knox  co.,  111.,  89  N.  n.  w. 
Springfield,  819  W.  .         . 

Maramec,  r.,  Mo.,  rises  in  Crawford  and 
Washington  counties,  and  flowing  N.  e.  through 
Franklin  co.,  it  curves  to  the  E.  and  s.  e.,  and 
enters  the  Mississippi  r.  20  ms.  below  St.  Louis. 
Maramec  Iron  Works,  p-o.,  Crawford  co , 
Mo.,  63  s.  w.  bv  w.  Jefferson  City,  93d  W.  It 
is  situated  at  the  "  Big  Spring"  of  Maramec  r. 
The  spring  issues  30,000  cubic  feet  of  water  per 
minute  ;  and  there  is  now  erected  at  this  spring  a 
saw  m.,  a  grist  m.,  with  2  run  of  stone,  a  blast 
furnace  and  3  forges,  capable  of  manufacturing 
1,000  tons  of  bar  iron  per  year.  This  spring  has 
been  called  the  head  of  the  river,  but  there  are 
two  small  branches  coming  in  on  each  side  ol  it, 
called  the  Water  Fork  and  the  Dry  Fork. 

Marathon,  p-t.,  Cortland  co.,  N.  Y.,  141  w. 
Albany,  318  W.  The  surface  is  undulating; 
soil,  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Toughnioga r. 
and  its  tributaries.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $1,300  ; 
1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $7,350.    7  sch.  359  scholars.    Pop.  1,063. 

Marathon,  t.,  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,000. 
Pop.  92. 

Marblehead,  p-t.,  and  port  of  entry,  Essex 
co.,  Mass.,  18  N.  E.  Boston,  458  W.  Situated  on 
a  rocky  point,  projecting  3  or  4  ms.  into  Massa- 
chusetts bay.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  easy  of 
access,  and  is  inhabited  chiefly  by  fishermen. 
It  has  about  100  vessels  employed  in  the  fisheries, 
coasting  and  foreign  trade.  It  contains  5  churches 
—1  Congregational,  1  Unitarian,  1  Episcopal,  1 
Methodist,  and  1  Baptist— 2  banks,  with  an  aggre- 
gate capital  of  $220,000  ;  2  insurance  companies, 
with  a  capital  of  $100,000.  The  t.  has  29  stores 
cap.  $46,600.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $73,850.  2  acad 
126  students,  20  sch.  886  scholars.  Pop.  5,5 to 
Tonnage  of  the  dist.,  12,478. 

Marble  Hill,  p-o.,  Prince  Edmond  co 
85  w.  s.  w.  Richmond,  175  W. 

Marble,  t.,  Hot  Springs  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $500 ;  1  grist  m.,  1  sch.  18  scholars. 
Pop.  167. 

Marbletown,  p-t.,  Ulster  co.,  N.  Y.,  7  s.  w. 
Kingston,  64  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  318  W.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly ;  soil,  a  fertile  loam.  Drained  by 
Esopus  and  Rondout  creeks,  which  afford  water 
power.  Shawangunk  mountain  lies  on  its  s.  bor- 
der. The  Delaware  and  Hudson  canal  passes 
through  it.  It  has  15  stores,  cap.  $23,400  ;  7  lum- 
ber yards,  cap.  $3,200 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fee,  7  tanneries,  1  flouring  m.,  6  grist  m.,  10  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $33,460.  13  sch.  687  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  3,813. 

Marburyville,  p-v.,  St.  Tammany  par.,  La., 
70  n.  n.  w.  New  Orleans,  1,172  W. 

Marcellus,  p-t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N.  Y.,  141  w. 
by  s.  Albany,  343  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ; 
soil,  a  fertile  loam.  Drained  by  Nine  Mile  cr. 
The  v.  ^s  situated  on  Nine  Mile  cr.,  and  contains 
3  churches— 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  and  1 
Methodist— 5  stores,  1  woollen  fac,  2  paper  m., 
1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  100  dwellings,  and  about 
600  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.,  7  stores, 
cap.  $34,200  ;  4  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  5  tan- 
neries, 2  distilleries,  2  paper  fac,  2  flouring  m.,  2 
grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $118,570. 
12  sch.  571  scholars.     Pop.  2,726. 

Marcellus  Falls,  p-v.,  Marcellus  t.,  Onon- 
daga co.,  N.  Y.,  143  w.  by  s.  Albany,  345  W. 
Situated  on  Nine  Mile  cr.,  1  mile  below  the  v. 


Va., 


of  Marcellus.  It  contains  1  store,  1  woollen  fac, 
1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  clock  fac,  and  25  or  30 
dwellings. 

Marcus,  p-o.,  Robertson  co.,  Tenn.,  4o  n.  w. 
Nashville,  719  W. 

Marcus  Hook,  p-v.,  Lower  Chichester  t.,  Del- 
aware co.,  Pa.,  20  s.  Philadelphia,  94  e.  s.  e.  Har- 
risburg,  119  W.  Situated  on  the  Delaware  r., 
and  contains  1  Baptist  and  1  Episcopal  church,  3 
stores,  and  about  35  dwellings. 

Marcy,  p-t.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  6  N.  Utica  98 
w.  N.  w.  Albany,  394  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ; 
soil,  clay  and  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Nine 
Mile  cr.,  flowing  into  the  Mohawk  river,  which 
bounds  it  on  the  s.  It  has  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanne- 
ries,. 4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $23,950.  9  sch. 
674  scholars.     Pop.  1,799. 

Mardisville,  p-v.,  Talladega  co.,  Ala.,  Ill  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  762  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of 
Talladega  cr.  It  contains  a  U.  S.  land  office,  sev- 
eral stores  and  dwellings. 

Marengo,  county,  Ala.  Situated  in  the  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  975  sq.  ms.  Tom- 
bigbee  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border,  and  Black  War- 
rior on  its  n.  w.  border.  The  soil  is  sterile,  cov- 
ered with  pine.  Capital,  Linden.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  15,126,  sheep  2,175,  swine 
36,819 :  wheat  2,785  bush,  produced,  rye  1,021, 
Ind.  corn  649,734,  oats  22,933,  potatoes  36.906, 
rice  3,815  pounds,  tobacco  1,146,  cotton  G.3a-U)28  ; 
34  stores,  cap.  $139,540  ;  2  tanneries,  1  distillery, 
1  flouring  m.,  18  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.,  1  printing  of- 
fice, 1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$23,525.  3  acad.  131  students,  9  sch.  201  schol- 
ars. Pop.  whites  5,350,  slaves  11,902,  free  col  d 
12 ;  total,  17,264. 

Marengo,  p-o.,  Galen  t.,  Wayne  co.,  N.  Y., 
179  w.  by  n.  Albany,  355  W. 

Marengo,  p-t.,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  100  w  by 
s  Detroit,  572  W.  It  has  a  fertile  soil,  adapted 
to  grain.  It  contains  1  store,  cap.  $3,000  5  1  dis- 
tillery, 1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  3  sawm.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $38,500.  10  sch.  307  scholars.  Pop.  872. 
Marengo,  p-v.,  McIIenry  co.,  111.,  226  n.  n.  e. 
Springfield,  778  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of 
the  Kishawaukee  r.  .        . 

Margallaway,  r.,  N.  H.,  rises  m  the  High- 
lands which  separate  Maine  from  Canada,  and 
after  a  short  course  enters  Maine  ;  and  from 
thence,  after  flowing  a  distance  of  about  40  ms., 
returns  into  N.  H.,  and  enters  the  Androscoggin 


..  a  few  miles  below  Umbagog  lake. 

Margaretta,  p-t.,  Erie  co.,  O.,  100  n.  w.  by  N. 
Columbus,  414  W.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $2o,000  ; 
1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $51,800.     1  sch.  30  scholars.     Pop.  1,101. 

Margaretta,  p-o.,  Clark  co.,  111.,  112  e.  s.  e. 
Springfield,  672  W. 

Margaretta  Furnace,  p-o.,  York  co.,  Fa., 
36  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  104  W. 

Margarkttsville,  p-v.,  Northampton  co.,  N. 
C,  150  n.  E.  by  e.  Raleigh,  219  W.  Situated  on 
the  Portsmouth  and  Roanoke  railroad. 

Marge  Grove,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  111.,  140  s.  E. 
Springfield,  752  W. 

Maria  Creek,  p-o.,  Knox  co.,  la.,  Ill  s.  w. 
Indianapolis,  678  W. 

Marianna,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jackson  co.,  Flor., 
77  w.  n.  w.  Tallahassee,  927  W.  Situated  on 
the  w.  side  of  Chipola  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house  and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Mariaville,  p-t.,  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  103  n.  e. 
Augusta,  685  W.  Watered  by  Union  r.  and  its 
branches,  which  afford  extensive  water  power. 
Incorporated  in  1836.  It  has  1  tannery,  1  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $500.  2  sch.  86 
scholars.    Pop.  275. 


MAR 


381 


MAR 


Mariaville,  p-o.,  Duanesburgh  t.,  Schenec 
tady  co.,  N.  Y. 

Maries,  t.,  Gasconade  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  359. 

Marietta,  p-o.,  Marcellus  t.,  Onondaga  co. 
N.  Y.,  115  w.  by  n.  Albany,  338  W. 

Marietta,  p-b.,  East  Donnegal  t.,  Lancaster 
co.,  Pa.,  27  s.  e.  Harrisburg.  Situated  on  the  n. 
e.  bank  of  Susquehanna  r.,  above  the  mouth  of 
Little  Chiques  cr.  It  contains  a  church,  several 
stores,  150  dwellings,  and  about  900  inhabitants. 

Marietta,  p-t.,  capital  of  Washington  co.,  O., 
104  e.  s.  e.  Columbus,  300  W.  Situated  on  both 
sides  of  Muskingum  r.,  at  its  entrance  into  the 
Ohio  r.  It  is  regularly  laid  out  with  wide  streets, 
and  compactly  and  neatly  built.  It  has  a  court 
house,  jail,  a  U.  S.  land  office,  4  churches,  a  bank- 
ing  house,  a  market  house,  library,  female  acad- 
emy, a  lyceum,  and  the  Marietta  Collegiate  In- 
stitute. The  court  house,  bank,  and  collegiate 
institute  are  handsome  specimens  of  architecture, 
and  ornamental  to  the  place.  The  collegiate  in- 
stitute was  founded  in  1832,  has  a  president,  and 
7  professors  or  other  instructors,  50  students,  and 
3,500  vols,  in  its  libraries.  The  commencement 
is  on  the  last  Wednesday  in  July.  The  place 
contains  17  stores,  2  steam  saw  m.,  1  steam  flour- 
ing m.,  2  carding  machines,  4  tanneries,  an  iron 
foundry,  a  rope  walk,  200  dwellings,  and  about 
1,300  inhabitants.  It  is  the  oldest  town  in  the 
state,  having  been  founded  in  1788.  It  was  nam- 
ed in  honor  of  Marie  Antoinette,  the  beautiful  and 
unfortunate  queen  of  France.  Many  curious  an- 
cient mounds  are  found  in  the  vicinity.  The  v. 
contains  1  college,  100  students,  1  acad.  53  stu- 
dents, 3  sch.  289  scholars.  Pop.  1,814.  The  t., 
in  addition,  has  6  sch.  236  scholars.    Pop.  875. 

Marietta,  p-o.,  Fulton  co.,  111. 

Marietta,  p-v.,  capital  of  Cobb  co.,  Ga.,  113 
N.  w.  Milledgeville,  676  W.  Situated  3  ms.  w. 
of  Chattahoochee  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  3  churches,  2  academies,  and  about  30  dwell- 
ings. 

Marine  Settlement,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  111., 
90  s.  Springfield,  784  W.  Situated  between  the 
e.  and  w.  forks  of  Silver  cr.  The  settlement  is 
spread  over  a  rich  and  beautiful  prairie. 

Marion,  district,  S.  C.  Situated  in  the  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  1,200  sq.  ms.  The  sur- 
face is  level,  and  much  of  it  marshy.  Drained 
by  Great  and  Little  Pedee  rivers  and  their  branch- 
es. Capital,  Marion  C.  H.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  21,909,  sheep  8,352,  swine  39,837; 
wheat  4,033  bush,  produced,  rye  1,353,  Ind.  corn 
377,041,  oats  16,416,  potatoes  61,530,  rice  67,945 
pounds,  tobacco  1,852,  cotton  603,496 ;  12  stores, 
cap.  $48,450 ;  3  distilleries,  6  flouring  m.,  21  grist 
m.,  20  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $53,960.  2  acad. 
71  students,  11  sen.  238  scholars.  Pop.  wlutes 
8,593,  slaves  5,251,  free  col'd  88;  total,  13,932. 

Marion,  county,  Ga.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  330  sq.  miles. 
Flint  river  runs  on  its  e.  border,  by  branches  of 
which  it  is  drained.  Capital,  Tazewell.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,545,  sheep  1,846,  swine 
8,895 ;  wheat  3,634  bush,  produced,  Indian  corn 
110,742,  oats  2,624,  potatoes  8,107,  cotton  3,258,232 
pounds  ;  4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$9,550.  1  acad.  32  students,  4  sch.  105  scholars 
Pop.  whites  3,741,  slaves  1,070,  free  col'd  1 ;  to 
tal,  4,812. 

Marion,  county,  Ala.  Situated  toward  the  n. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,144  sq.  ms 
Drained  by  Bear  cr.,  a  branch  of  Tennessee  r., 
and  Buttahatehie  r.  and  its  branches,  a  tributary 
of  Tombigbee  river.  Capital,  Pikeville.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  12,266,  sheep  4,31" 
8 wine  13,009  ;  wheat  17,467  bush,  produced,  rye 


2,120,  Ind.  corn  113,490,  oats  4,325,  potatoes  4,153, 
tobacco  1,100  pounds,  cotton  118,064;  8  stores, 
cap.  $5,200  ;  2  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  8  grist  m., 
4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,500.  Pop.  whites 
5,0!)  1,  slaves  753;  total,  5,S17. 

Marion,  county,  Miss.  Situated  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  1,476  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Pearl  r.,  Leaf  r.,  and  Black  cr.,  the  two  last 
flowing  into  Pascagoula  r.  Soil,  on  the  margins 
of  the  streams,  fertile.  Capital,  Columbia.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  lb,785,  sheep  2, 164,  swine 
17,450 ;  I.  corn  102,006,  bush,  prod.,  oats  4,965.  po- 
tatoes 32,685,  rice  68,320  pounds,  cotton  783,607 ; 
7  stores,  cap.  50,966 ;  2  tanneries,  20  grist  m.,  12 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,300.  1  school,  20 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,121,  slaves  1,709  ;  total, 
3,830. 

Marion,  county.  Tenn.  Situated  toward  the 
s.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  600  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Sequatchie  r.  and  its  branches.  Cap- 
ital, Jasper.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
13,051,  sheep  8,673,  swine,  46,800;  wheat  77,763 
bush,  produced,  rye  3,580,  Ind.  corn  717,617,  oats 
162,014,  potatoes  13,073,  tobacco  16,016  pounds, 
cotton  36,294,  sugar  1,250 ;  31  stores,  capital 
$128,896  ;  19  tanneries,  54  distilleries,  1  pottery, 
2  flouring  m.,  60  grist  m.  20  saw  m.,  1  printing 
office,  1  bindery.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $36,371.  1 
acad.  7  students,  19  sch.  700  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  5,658,  slaves  390,  free  col'd  22;  total, 
6,070. 

Marion,  county,  Ky.  Situated  near  the  centre 
of  the  state,  and  contains  276  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  the  Rolling  fork  of  Salt  r.  and  its  branches. 
Capital,  Lebanon.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 8,963,  sheep  13,728,  swine  31,419;  wheat 
46,352  bushels  produced,  rye  16,081,  Indian  corn 
398,035,  oats  108,167,  potatoes  11,561,  tobacco 
165,926  pounds,  sugar  42,952 ;  16  stores,  capital 
$108,800 ;  3  woollen  fac,  6  tanneries,  20  distille- 
ries, 17  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $40,850.  1  college,  247  students,  3  acad. 
282  students,  12  sch.  359  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
8,340,  slaves  2,612,  free  col'd  80  ;  total,  11,032. 

Marion,  county,  O.  Situated  a  little  n.  of  the 
middle  of  the  state,  and  contains  530  sq.  miles. 
The  surface  is  mostly  an  open  plain,  or  table 
land ;  soil,  chiefly  very  fertile.  Watered  by  Sci- 
oto, Little  Scioto,  and  Whetstone  or  Olentangy 
rivers.  Organized  in  1824.  Cattle  and  hogs  are 
the  chief  articles  of  export.  Capital,  Marion. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  16,694,  sheep 
19,641,  swine  22,637 ;  wheat  147,15S  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  18,476,  Ind.  corn  325,410,  buckwheat 
9,483,  oats  158,160,  potatoes  77,912,  sugar  30,050 
pounds  ;  28  stores,  cap.  $62,150  ;  10  tanneries,  5 
distilleries,  1  pottery,  2  flouring  m.,  15  grist  m., 
23  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
and  1  semi-weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $26,955.  78  schools,  3,155  scholars.  Pop. 
14,765. 

Marion,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  centre 
of  the  state,  and  contains  400  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  the  w.  fork  of  White  r.,  Fall  cr.  and  Eagle  cr. 
The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  very  fertile.  Capital, 
Indianapolis.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
15,466,  sheep  15,298,  swine  38,463 ;  wheat  78,649 
bush,  produced,  rye  2,269,  Ind.  corn  604,966, 
buckwheat  1,068,  barley  1,190,  oats  148,790,  po- 
tatoes 32,432,  tobacco  15,905  pounds,  sugar 
97,064  ;  94  stores,  cap.  $202,630 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2 
woollen  fac,  3  cotton  fac.  1,500  sp.,  13  tanneries, 
11  distilleries,  3  breweries,  4  potteries,  2  flouring 
m.,  26  grist  m.,  57  saw  m.,  4  oil  m.,  6  printing 
offices,  4  weekly  and  2  semi-weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $141,874.  1  acad.  75  students, 
56  sch.  1,595  scholars.    Pop.  16,080. 


MAR 


382 


MAR 


Marion,  county,  111.  Situated  s.  of  the  centre 
of  the  state,  and  contains  576  sq.  ms.  Organ- 
ized in  1823.  Drained  by  Kaskaskia  r.  and  its 
branches,  and  by  Skillet  fork  of  Little  Wabash  r. 
About  one  third  of  it  is  timber,  and  the  rest  prai- 
rie. Capital,  Salem.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  7,589,  sheep  4,785,  swine  17,846;  wheat 
10,697  bush,  produced,  Ind.  com  293,321,  oats 
42,115,  potatoes  5,795,  tobacco  6,600  pounds;  5 
stores,  cap.  $6,300 ;  2  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries, 
1  distillery,  16  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
uAic.  $8,150.     17  sch.  417  scholars.    Pop.  4,742. 

Marion,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  425  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  South  Fabius  and  North  rivers,  which 
flow  into  the  Mississippi  r.,  that  runs  on  its  E. 
border.  The  surface  undulating ;  soil,  very  fer- 
tile. Capital,  Palmyra.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  10,272,  sheep  10,104,  swine  32,857 ; 
wheat  38,678  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  533,785, 
buckwheat  2,447,  oats  84,535,  potatoes  29,654, 
tobacco  38,938  pounds,  sugar  10,872 ;  38  stores, 
cap.  $214,760 ;  7  tanneries,  4  distilleries,  4  flour- 
ing m.,  11  grist  m.,  19  saw  m.,  3  printing  offices, 
3  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $139,460. 

1  college  49  students,  24  sch.  648  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  7,239,  slaves  2,342,  free  col'd  42 ;  total, 
9,623. 

Marion,  county,  Ark.  Situated  in  the  N.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  800  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  White  r.,  which  is  navigable  to  the  n.  part  of 
the  co.  for  steamboats,  and  by  its  branches. 
Capital,  Yellville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  3,217,  sheep  760,  swine  5,430;  wheat  3,097 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  79,013,  oats  1,951,  po- 
tatoes 1,601,  tobacco  6,127  pounds,  cotton  3,253  ; 

2  stores,  cap.  $1,600 ;  1  tannery,  3  distilleries,  4 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,505. 
Pop.  whites  1,221,  slaves  39,  free  col'd  65 ;  total, 
1,325. 

Marion,  t.,  Greene  co.,  Pa.  It  has  12  stores, 
cap.  $37,710;  2  tanneries,  2  printing  offices,  1 
weekly  newspaper.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,250. 

2  sch.  61  scholars.    Pop.  597. 

Marion,  p-t,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  170  e.  n. 
e.  Augusta,  756  W.  Incorporated  in  1834.  It 
has  on  its  w.  border  a  large  pond,  which  has  its 
outlet  into  East  Machias  r.  It  has  2  saw  m.,  2 
sch.  110  scholars.    Pop.  231. 

Marion,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  N.  Y.,  201  w.  by  n. 
Albany,  358  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  broken ; 
soil,  adapted  to  grain.  Drained  by  a  branch  of 
Mud  cr.  The  v.  contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1 
Baptist  church,  3  stores,  1  steam  furnace  and 
machine  shop,  1  grist  m.,  1  tannery,  40  dwellings, 
and  about  250  inhabitants.    There  are  in  the  t. 

3  stores,  cap.  $9,500;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  3 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $20,245.  1  acad.  32 
students,  12  sch.  352  scholars.     Pop.  1,903. 

Marion,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  51  w.  s.  w 
Harrisburg,  84  W. 

Marion,  t.,  Centre  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  stores 
cap.  $8,000;  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  5  sch.  110 
scholars.    Pop.  559. 

Marion,  p-t.,  capital  of  Marion  co.,  O.,  44  n. 
Columbus,  416  W.  The  v.  contains  an  elegant 
brick  court  house,  a  jail,  1  Presbyterian,  and  a 
Methodist  church,  12  stores,  a  printing  office, 
which  issues  a  weekly  newspaper,  125  dwell- 
ings, and  about  700  inhabitants.  There  are  in 
the  t.  13  stores,  cap.  $35,000 ;  2  tanneries,  1  dis- 
tillery, 1  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $4,060.  8  sch.  320  scholars.  Pop. 
1,639. 

Marion,  t.,  Athens  co.,  O.  Situated  on  the 
waters  of  Federal  and  Wolf  creeks.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $1,500 ;  6  sch.  128  schol's.    Pop.  1,079. 


Marion,  t.,  Allen  co.,  O.    Pop.  315. 

Marion,  t.,  Clinton  co.,  O.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $6,200 ;  1  tannery.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $243. 
5  sch.  307  scholars.    Pop.  643. 

Marion,  t.,  Fayette  co.,  O.  It  has  1  tannery. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $500.  4  sch.  100  scholars. 
Pop.  879.     ■ 

Marion,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  O.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $900 ;  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $1,200.    5  sch.  184  scholars.    Pop.  501. 

Marion,  t.,  Hardin  co.,  O.  It  has  3  sch.  108 
scholars.     Pop.  177. 

Marion,  t.,  Hocking  co.,  O.    Pop.  940. 

Marion,  t.,  Putnam  co.,  la.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $1,600 ;  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  1  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,253.  5  sch.  451 
scholars.    Pop.  1,030. 

Marion,  t,  Shelby  co.,  la.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $2,500 ;  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m., 
3  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,402.    Pop.  964. 

Marion,  p-t.,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  56  w.  n. 
w.  Detroit,  559  W.  It  has  4  sch.  84  scholars. 
Pop.  602. 

Marion,  p-v.,  Scott  co.,  Ky.,  22  n.  e.  Frank- 
fort, 530  W. 

Marion,  p-v.,  capital  of  Smyth  co.,  Va.,  275 
w.  by  s.  Richmond,  343  W.  Situated  on  the 
Middle  fork  of  Holston  r.  It  has  a  court  house, 
jail,  and  several  dwellings. 

Marion,  p-v.,  Montgomery  co.,  N.  C,  112  w 
s.  w.  Raleigh,  386  W. 

Marion,  p-v.,  capital  of  Twiggs  co.,  Ga.,  41  s. 
s.  w.  Milledgeville,  689  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  and  several  dwellings. 

Marion,  p-v.,  capital  of  Grant  co.,  la.,  73  n.  n. 
e.  Indianapolis.  Situated  on  Missisinewa  r. 
about  25  ms.  above  its  junction  with  Wabash  r. 
It  contains  a  court  house,  store,  and  several 
dwellings. 

Marion,  p-v.,  capital  of  Williamson  co.,  111., 
172  s.  s.  e.  Springfield,  823  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house  and  several  dwellings. 

Marion,  p-v.,  capital  of  Perry  co.,  Ala.,  58  s. 
Tuscaloosa,  834  W.  It  contains  3  churches,  2 
female  academies,  one  male  lyceum,  with  a  pre- 
paratory school,  3  printing  offices,  issuing  news- 
papers, and  about  1,000  inhabitants. 

Marion,  p-v.,  capital  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Miss., 
110  e.  Jackson,  921  W.  Situated  on  the  head 
waters  of  Oktibbeha  cr.,  and  contains  a  court 
house  and  several  dwellings. 

Marion,  p-v.,  Cole  co.,  Mo.,  15  n.  w.  Jeffer- 
son City,  951  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  bank  of  the 
Missouri,  15  ms.  above  Jefferson  City,  on  a  bold 
rocky  shore.  It  was  formerly  the  capital  of  the 
co.,  now  removed  to  Jefferson  City.  It  has  con- 
siderable trade,  and  is  increasing.  It  contains  1 
sch.  15  scholars.    Pop.  807. 

Marion,  t.,  Buchanan  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch. 
31  scholars.    Pop.  737. 

Marion,  p-v.,  capital  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa.  Situ- 
ated 4  ms.  e.  of  Cedar  r.  It  contains  3  stores,  a 
saw  m.,  and  several  neat  dwellings,  and  is  im- 
proving. 

Marion,  p-v.,  capital  of  Crittenden  co.,  Ark., 
140  e.  n.  e.  Little  Rock,  925  W.  Situated  6  ms. 
w.  of  the  Mississippi  r. 

Marion,  t.,  White  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $6,000 ;  1  grist  m. 

Marion,  t.,  Newton  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch.  14 
scholars.    Pop.  658. 

Marion,  t.,  Livingston  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch. 
18  scholars.     Pop.  240. 

Marion,  p-v.,  Jefferson  co.,  Flor. 

Marion,  t.,  Polk  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  865. 
Marion,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  Mo.    It  has  1  sch.  24 
scholars.    Pop.  1,686. 


MAR 


383 


MAR 


Marion,  t.,  Ray  co.,  Mo.  It  lias  2  soh.  40 
scholars.     Pop.  902. 

Marion,  t.,  St.  Francis  co.,  Mo.  It  haB  1  sch. 
25  scholars.    Pop.  582. 

Marion,  t.,  Saline  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch.  10 
scholars.     Pop.  763. 

Marion,  t.,  Taney  co.,  Mo.    Pod.  335. 

Marion  Citv,  p-v.,  Marion  co.,  Mo.  Situated 
on  the  w.  bank  of  Mississippi  r.,  and  may  be  re- 
garded as  the  port  of  Palmyra,  the  capital  of  the 
co.  It  has  a  good  location,  and  extends  along 
the  Mississippi  for  a  mile  and  a  half.  It  contains 
2  large  steam  saw  mills  and  3  other  steam  mills, 
60  or  70  dwellings,  and  from  3  to  400  inhabitants. 
Most  of  the  merchandise  of  the  co.  is  landed  here. 

Marion  College,  p-v.,  Marion  co.,  Mo.,  134 
N.  n  w.  Jefferson  City,  933  W.  Situated  12  ms. 
w.  of  Palmyra,  the  capital  of  the  co.  Marion 
College  was  founded  in  1831,  and  is  a  manual 
labor  institution,  for  which  5,000  acres  of  the  best 
of  land  have  been  purchased.  Improvements 
have  been  made  on  the  land  to  the  amount  of 
$70,000.  The  president,  professors,  and  stu- 
dents, are  all  supported  by  the  products  of  the 
soil.  Including  a  preparatory  department,  it  has 
a  president,  6  professors  or  other  instructors,  116 
students,  43  in  the  college  proper,  and  2,300  vols, 
in  its  libraries.  The  commencement  is  on  the 
last  Thursday  in  September.  It  has  a  theologi- 
cal department. 

Marion,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Marion  dist., 
S.  C,  146  E.  Columbia,  423  W.  Situated  on  the 
E.  side  of  Catfish  cr.,  a  branch  of  the  Great  Pe- 
dee  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  several 
stores  and  dwellings. 

Marits,  p-o.,  Marion  co.,  O.,  47  n.  Columbus, 
406  W. 

Marksborough.  p-v.,  Sussex  co.,  N.  J.,  73  n. 
Trenton,  230  W. 

Marksville,  p-v.,  Page  co.,  Va.,  120  n.  w. 
Richmond,  106  W. 

Marksville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Avoyelles  parish, 
La.,  255  n.  w.  by  w.  New  Orleans,  1,218  W.  It 
contains  a  court  house  and  several  dwellings. 

Marlborough,  dist.,  S.  C.  Situated  in  the  n. 
e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  4S0  sq.  miles. 
Yadkin  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border,  by  branches  of 
which  it  is  drained.  Capital,  Bennettsville.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,374,  sheep  2,893, 
swine,  15,915;  wheat  9,276  bushels  produced, 
rye  1,417,  lnd.  corn  275,999,  oats  22,161,  potatoes 
29,547,  cotton  2,446,088  pounds ;  17  stores,  cap. 
$99,600 ;  1  cotton  fac.2,000  sp.,6  flouring  m.,21  grist 
m.,  20  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $135,350.  3 
acad.  104  students,  12  sch.  229  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  4,188,  slaves  4,118,  free  col'd  102;  total, 
8,408. 

Marlborough,  p-t.,  Cheshire  co.,  N.  H.,  53  s. 
w.  Concord,  439  W.  The  surface  is  rough  ;  soil, 
adapted  to  grazing.  Drained  by  branches  of 
Ashuelot  river.  Incorporated  in  1776.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $4,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $16,000.  6  sch.  301  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  831. 

Marlborough,  p-t.,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  130  s. 
Montpelier,  431  W.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and 
the  soil  fertile.  Drained  by  the  w.  branch  of 
West  r.,  by  Green  r.,  and  Whetstone  brook.  The 
outlet  of  South  pond  forms  the  only  permanent 
mill  stream.  Chartered  in  1761.  The  t.  has  a 
Congregational  and  a  Baptist  church,  some  valu- 
able minerals  and  mineral  springs.  There  are 
in  the  t.  1  store,  cap.  $2,0<X) ;  1  tannery,  1  paper 
fac,  2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$20,900.     13  sch.  377  scholars.     Pop.  1,027. 

Marlborough,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  27 
w.  Boston,  414  W.    The  surface  is  undulating; 


soil,  very  fertile.  Drained  by  a  branch  of  Con. 
cord  river,  which  affords  water  power.  It  con- 
tains 4  churches — 1  Congregationalkit,  1  Metho. 

dist,  1  I'niversalist,  1  ltcsloraliimist;  6  stores, 
cap.  $15,900 ;  2  tanneries,  5  grist  m.,  5  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,400.  1  acad.  75  students, 
10  sch.  750  scholars.     Pop.  2,101. 

Marlborough,  p-t.,  Hartford  co.,  Ct.,  16  s.  E. 
Hartford,  340  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  and 
rough;  soil,  adapted  to  grazing.  Chartered  in 
1803.  It  contams  a  Congregational  church. 
Black  lead  is  found.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $5,000 ; 
1  cotton  fac.  1,200  sp.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  4 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $48,400.  5  sch.  185 
scholars.     Pop.  713. 

Marlborough,  p-t.,  Ulster  co.,  N.  Y.,  20  s. 
Kingston,  84  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  294  W.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly ;  soil,  clay  loam.  Bounded  by  Hud- 
son river  on  the  e.,  into  which  flows  Old  Man's 
Kill.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  latter,  half  a  mile 
from  the  r.  It  contains  3  churches — 1  Presby- 
terian, 1  Methodist,  1  Friends — 3  stores,  2  paper 
m.,  2  woollen  fac,  1  clothier's  works,  2  grist  m., 
1  saw  m.,  60  dwellings,  and  about  400  inhabit- 
ants. There  are  in  the  t.  8  stores,  cap.  $42,000 ; 
3  lumber  yards,  cap.  $3,000 ;  2  woollen  fac,  1 
paper  fac.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $32,150.  7  sch.  51 
scholars.     Pop.  2,523. 

Marlborough,  p-o.,  Monmouth  co.,  N.  J.,  40 
E.  Trenton,  206  W. 

Marlborough,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.  The 
surface  is  rolling;  soil,  red  shale.  Drained  by 
Perkiomen  and  Swamp  creeks.  Iron  ore  is 
found.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $10,600 ;  1  furnace, 
1  forge,  1  woollen  fac,  10  powder  m.,  1  printing 
office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m., 
8  oil  m.  Capital  in  manufac.  $33,780.  Pop 
1,140. 

Marlborough,  p-t.,  Stark  co.,  O.,  135  n.  e. 
Columbus,  312  W.  The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil, 
fertile,  with  a  natural  growth  of  beech  and  sugar 
maple.  The  v.  contains  a  church,  2  stores, 
various  mechanics,  about  25  dwellings,  and  150 
inhabitants.    Pop.  oft.  1,671. 

Marlborough,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  O.  It  con- 
tains the  villages  of  Norton  and  Waldo.  It  has 
5  sch.  150  scholars.    Pop.  1,182. 

Marlborough,  p-v.,  Morgan  co.,Ga.,54  N.  w. 
Milledgeville,  638  W. 

Marlow,  t.,  Cheshire  co.,  N.  H.  Drained  by 
Ashuelot  river  and  its  branches.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $5,400 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  4 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,850.  1  acad.  12 
students,  6  sch.  189  scholars.    Pop.  626. 

Marley's  Mills,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  N.  C, 
56  w.  Raleigh,  344  W. 

Marmion,  p-o.,  Lauderdale  co.,  Ala.,  138  n. 
Tuscaloosa,  763  W. 

Mariotsville,  p-v.,  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md., 
53  n.  w.  Annapolis,  53  W. 

Marple,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $8,500 ;  3  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,200.    Pop.  759. 

Marrowbone,  p-o.,  Cumberland  co.,  Ky.,  133 
s.  by  w.  Frankfort,  646  W. 

Marquette,  county,  Wis.  Situated  in  the 
N.  part  of  the  settled  portion  of  the  ter.,  and  con- 
tains 370  sq.  ms.  Neenah  or  Fox  r.  bounds  it  on 
the  n.  w.  and  w.,  by  branches  of  which  it  is 
drained.  Fox  r.  runs  through  Pucka  way  lake  on 
its  N.  w.  border.  Capital,  Marquette.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  45,  swine  20.     Pop.  18. 

Marquette,  v.,  capital  of  Marquette  co.,  Wis. 
Situated  on  the  s.  side  of  Neenah  r. 

Mars,  p-o.,  Bibb  co.,  Ala.,  24  s.  e.  Tuscaloosa, 
820  W.  _ 

Mars,  t.,  Posey  co.,  la.    Pop.  /31. 


MAR 


384 


MAR 


Marion  dist.,  S.  C.,  122  e. 
Noble  co.,  la.,  164  N.  N.  e. 


Mars'  Bluff,  p-o 
Columbia,  466  W. 

Marseilles,  p-v. 
Indianapolis,  576  W. 

Marseilles,  p-v.,  La  Salle  co.,  111.,  141  n.  n. 
e.  Springfield,  776  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side 
oflllinois  r.,  at  the  Grand  Rapids,  which  afford  an 
immense  water  power.  It  has  several  mills,  and 
produces  extensively  lumber  and  flour.  The 
Wabash  and  Erie  canal  passes  through  it. 

Marsh,  p-o.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  61  e.  by  s.  Har- 
risburg,  139  W. 

Marshall,  county,  Ya.  Situated  in  theN. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  350  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  fertile,  adapted  to  grain  and 
grazing.  Drained  by  Grave  cr.  and  other  small 
streams  that  flow  into  the,  Ohio  r.,  which  runs  on 
its  w.  border.  It  contains  many  remains  of  an- 
cient fortifications.  Capital,  Elizabethtown 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,640,  sheep 
7,173,  swine  9,091;  wheat  82,829  bushels  pro- 
duced, rye  2,086,  Indian  corn  145,822,  buckwheat 
3,590,  oats  103,195,  potatoes  29,672,  sugar  3,820 
pounds;  6  stores,  cap.  $19,450;  2  tanneries,  16 
grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,635.  3 
sch.  70  scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,854,  slaves  46, 
free  col'd  37 ;  total,  6,937. 

Marshall,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  s.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  200  square  miles. 
Drained  by  Duck  r.  and  its  branches.  Surface, 
undulating;  soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Lewisburg. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  14,263,  sheep 
16,604,  swine  67,739 ;  wheat  89,923  bush,  prod., 
rye  3,405,  Ind.  corn  1,019,863,  oats  121,561,  pota- 
toes 16,071,  tobacco  119,165  lbs.,  cotton  489,831 ; 
17  stores,  cap.  $61,487 ;  9  tanneries,  28  distille- 
ries. Cap.  in  manufac.  $24,237.  21  sch.  743 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  11,468,  slaves  3,075,  free 
col'd  12 ;  total,  14,555. 

Marshall,  county,  Ala.  Situated  toward  the 
n.  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  600  sq.  miles. 
Tennessee  r.  passes  through  it  on  the  n.,  by 
small  branches  of  which  it  is  drained.  Capital, 
Warrenton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
9,417,  sheep  2,403,  swine  26,329  ;  wheat  8,996 
bushels  produced,  Indian  corn  382,680,  oats 
23,344,  potatoes  16,058,  tobacco  17,918  pounds, 
cotton  4,335,967 ;  13  stores,  cap.  $66,600  ;  5  tan- 
neries, 15  distilleries,  13  grist  m.,  16  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,660.  16  sch.  436  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  6,688,  slaves  841,  free  col'd  24; 
total,  7,553. 

Marshall,  county,  Miss.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  800  square  miles. 
Drained  by  head  branches  of  Taliahatchee  and 
Coldwater  rivers.  Surface,  undulating;  soil, 
fertile.  Capital,  Holly  Springs.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  14,621,  sheep  6,044,  swine 
51,276 ;  wheat  19,113  bushels  produced,  Indian 
corn  733,514,  oats  32,540,  potatoes  50,559,  tobacco 
9,336  pounds,  cotton  1,064,425 ;  26  stores,  cap, 
$161,000  ;  4  tanneries,  2  flouring  m.,  19  grist  m. 
18  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspa- 
pers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $76,480.  9  acad.  292 
students,  26  sch.  583  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
9,253,  slaves  9,258,  free  col'd  8 ;  total,  17,526, 

Marshall,  county,  la.  Situated  toward  the 
N.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  440  sq.  miles 
Drained  by  Yellow  and  Tippecanoe  rivers. 
Capital,  Plymouth.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  2,137,  sheep  822,  swine  5,378;  wheat  5,510 
bushels  produced,  Ind.  corn  37,570,  oats  16,198, 
potatoes  13,810,  sugar  13,655  pounds;  2  stores, 
cap.  $1,900.     3  sch.  40  scholars.     Pop.  1,651. 

Marshall,  county,  III.  Situated  a  little  n.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  334  sq.  ms. 
Watered  by  Illinois  r.    Capital,  Lacon.    There 


were  in  1810,  neat  cattle  2,422,  sheep  1,865, 
swine  6,495;  wheat  31,889  bushels  produced, 
Indian  corn  90,630,  oats  21,405,  potatoes  11,990  ; 
8  stores,  cap.  $25,000  ;  1  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m., 
8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,300.  1  acad. 
50  students,  3  sch.  100  scholars.    Pop.  1,819. 

Marshall,  p-t.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  s.  w. 
Utica,  93  w.  N.  w.  Albany,  379  W.  The  surface 
is  rolling ;  soil,  a  fertile  sandy  loam,  well  culti- 
vated. Drained  by  Oriskany  cr.  The  Chenan- 
go canal  passes  through  it.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$7,500  ;  3  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  furnace,  1 
forge,  3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  5  grist  m.,  10  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $86,250.  16  sch.  749  schol 
ars.     Pop.  2,251. 

Marshall,  p-t.,  capital  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich., 
105  w.  Detroit,  570  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapt- 
ed to  grain.  The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated,  on 
Kalamazoo  r.,  at  the  confluence  of  Rice  cr.  It 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  bank,  3  churches,  14 
stores,  3  flouring  m.,  and  1  furnace,  and  is  one  of 
the  most  flourishing  villages  in  the  state.  It  is 
the  seat  of  Marshall  College,  recently  founded, 
which  has  a  president  and  1  professor,  62  stu- 
dents, and  3,700  vols,  in  it  libraries.  First  set- 
tled in  1831.  There  are  in  the  t.,  14  stores,  cap. 
$83,900  ;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $1,300 ;  1  furnace, 
2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  and  1  periodical  news- 
papers, 3  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $82,900.  1  acad.  68  students,  8  sch. 
238  scholars.  Pop.  1,763. 
Marshall,  p-v.,  capital  of  Clark  co.,  111.,  123 
s.  E.  Springfield,  661  W.  It  is  pleasantly  situ- 
ated on  the  national  road,  and  contains  a  court 
house  and  several  dwellings. 

Marshall,  p-v.,  capital  of  Saline  co.,  Mo.,  87 
N.  w.  Jefferson  City,  1,001  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  1  church,  4  stores,  and  150  inhabitants. 

Marshall,  p-v.,  Marshall  co.,  Ala.,  131  n.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  703  W. 

Marshall's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Granger  co.,  Tenn., 
232  e.  Nashville,  456  W. 

Marshallsville,  p-v.,  Baughman  t.,  Wayne 
co.,  O.,  107  n.  e.  Columbus,  342  W. 

Marshallsville,  p-v.,  Macon  co.,  Ga.,  70  s. 
w.  Milledgeville,  726  W. 

Marshallton,  p-v.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  73  e.  s. 
e.  Harrisburg,  122  W. 

Marshfield,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  15  n.  e. 
Montpelier,  528  W.  The  surface  is  uneven; 
soil,  adapted  to  grazing.  Watered  by  Onion  r. 
There  are  in  the  1. 1  store,  cap.  $2,700 ;  2  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,100.  12  sch. 
324  scholars.     Pop.  1,156. 

Marshfield,  p-t.,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  31  s.  e. 
Boston,  453  W.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  Mas- 
sachusetts bay,  with  a  tolerable  harbor,  and  some 
navigation.  Drained  by  North  and  South  rivers. 
Incorporated  in  1640.  It  contains  6  churches — 
3  Congregational,  1  Baptist,  1  Episcopal,  and  1 
Methodist.  It  has  some  manufactures  and  ship 
building.  It  contains  6  stores,  capital  $5,900 ;  1 
furnace,  6  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$39,300.    8  sch.  450  scholars.     Pop.  1,761. 

Marshy  Hope  Bridge,  p-o.,  Kent  co.,  Del.,  34 
Dover,  121  W. 

Marshpee,  t.,  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  12  s.  E. 
Barnstable,  65  s.  E.  Boston.  This  is  an  ancient 
Indian  settlement,  which  is  still  inhabited  chiefly 
by  their  descendants,  of  a  mixed  blood.  It  con- 
tains 10,500  acres,  or  about  16  sq.  ms.  The  land 
is  secured  to  the  Indians  in  perpetuity,  and,  ex- 
cepting so  much  as  each  can  cultivate,  is  held  by 
taem  in  common.  They  have  a  church,  in  which 
has  been  a  succession  of  preachers,  sometimes 
Indians,  from  the  earliest  times.  It  has  the  At- 
lantic on  the  s.,  from  which  several  inlets  set  up. 


MAR 


385 


MAR 


The  inhabitants  are  agriculturists  or  fishermen, 
and  are  a  quiet  and  orderly  people.  It  has  2  sch. 
60  scholars.     Pop.  309. 

Mars  Hill,  Me.,  lying  nearly  on  the  e.  boun- 
dary of  the  United  States,  is  an  isolated  moun- 
tain with  2  peaks,  one  1,506  feet,  and  the  other 
1,363  feet,  above  the  waters  of  St.  John's  r.  It 
has  derived  its  importance  from  the  fact  that  the 
British  commissioners  fixed  on  it  as  the  com- 
mencement of  the  highlands  described  in  the 
treaty  of  1783,  though  far  s.  of  the  true  highlands, 
and  much  s.  of  the  boundary  as  recently  settled. 

Marston's  Mills,  p-o.,  Barnstable  co.,  Mass., 
70  s.  e.  Boston,  47  W. 

Martha  Furnace,  p-o.,  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  101 
N.  w.  Harrisburg,  193  W. 

Martha's  Mills,  p-o.,  Fleming  co.,  Ky.,  90  e. 
Frankfort,  493  W. 

Marthasville,  p-v.,  Warren  co.,  Mo.,  73  E. 
by  n.  Jefferson  City,  873  W. 

Martha's  Vineyard,  island,  Mass.,  lies  off 
the  s.  shore  of  Mass.,  s.  of  Falmouth,  and  w.  n. 
w.  of  Nantucket  island.  It  is  21  ms.  long,  and 
from  2  to  5  ms.  broad,  and  contains  3  towns,  Ed- 
gartown,  Tisbury,  and  Chilmark ;  and  with  sev- 
eral small  islands  in  the  vicinity,  constitutes 
Dukes  co.,  which  contains  120  sq.  miles.  The 
capital  is  Edgartown.  The  soil  is  poor,  and  some 
cattle  and  sheep  are  raised  ;  but  the  inhabitants 
are  chiefly  employed  in  the  fisheries.  There  is 
a  light-house  at  Gay  Head,  in  Chilmark.  In  the 
wars  with  Great  Britain  the  inhabitants  have 
been  chiefly  without  protection.  An  Indian 
church  was  formed  here  in  1066.  Their  govern- 
ment was  at  first  independent  of  the  other  prov- 
inces, in  1664  it  was  united  to  New  York,  and 
in  1692  to  Massachusetts. 

Martha's  Vineyard,  p-o.,  Chatham  co.,  N.  C, 
33  w.  Nashville,  326  W. 

Marticville,  p-v.,  Martic  t,  Lancaster  co., 
Pa.,  48  e.  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  122  W.  It  contains 
10  or  12  dwellings. 

Martic,  t.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  10  s.  Lancaster. 
The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  carcareous  loam. 
Drained  by  Beaver,  Muddy,  and  Pecquea  crs., 
which  afford  water  power.  McCreary's  ferry, 
below  the  mouth  of  Pecquea  cr.,  crosses  the  Sus- 
quehanna r.,  which  bounds  it  on  the  s.  w.  It  has 
5  stores,  cap.  $11,600  ;  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  6 
flouring  m.,  6  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $16,500.    9  sch.  320  scholars.     Pop.  2,453. 

Martin,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  toward  the 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  481  sq.  miles. 
The  surface  is  level,  and  in  part  marshy.  Roan- 
oke r.  runs  on  its  n.  e.  boundary.  Capital,  Wil- 
liamston.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,333, 
sheep  4,262,  swine  17,704 ;  wheat  5,158  bush,  pro- 
duced, Indian  corn  251,463,  oats  7,475,  potatoes 
39,639,  rice  37,457  pounds,  cotton  291,686;  7 
stores,  cap.  $33,500 ;  12  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $16,950.  6  sch.  130  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  4,438,  slaves  2,816,  free  col'd  383 ;  total, 
7,637. 

Martin,  county,  la.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  300  sq.  miles. 
Drained  by  the  e.  fork  of  White  r.,  the  branches 
of  which  afford  water  power.  East  of  White  r. 
the  surface  is  broken  and  hilly  ;  and  w.  of  it  it 
is  level,  or  gently  undulating.  Capital,  Mount 
Pleasant.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,159, 
sheep  4,261,  swine  11,046  ;  wheat  9,884  bushels 
produced,  Ind.  corn  87,032,  oats  19,164,  potatoes 
7,433,  sugar  15,287  pounds ;  6  stores,  cap.  $19,900 ; 
3  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  9  grist  m.,  10  saw  m. 
Capital  in  manufac.  $23,265.  3  sch.  96  scholars. 
Pop.  3,875. 

Martin,  t.,  Pope  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  120. 
49 


Martin,  t.,  Allegan  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1  saw 
m.,  cap.  $3,000;  3  sch.  46  scholars.     Pop.  116. 

Marti ndale,  p-o.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.  C,  164 
w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  403  W. 

Martins,  p-o.,  Philips  co.,  Ark.,  132  e.  Little 
Rock,  1,001  W. 

Martinsburg,  p-t.,  and  capital  of  Lewis  co.,  N. 
Y.,  134  n.  w.  Albany,  433  W.  The  surface  is 
undulating ;  soil,  a  fertile  loam.  Drained  by 
Martin's  cr.,  which  flows  into  Black  r.  The  v., 
situated  on  the  post-road  from  Utica  to  Ogdens- 
burg,  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  3  churches,  a 
banking  house,  a  female  academy,  6  stores,  1 
flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  100  dwell- 
ings, and  about  600  inhabitants.  Lead  is  found 
here.  There  are  in  the  t.  7  stores,  cap.  $15,700 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  printing  office,  1  week- 
ly newspaper,  2  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Capital  in 
manufac.  $12,015.  17  sch.  733  scholars.  Pop. 
2,272. 

Martinsburg,  p-v.,  Woodberry  t.,  Bedford  co., 
Pa.,  1 12  w.  Harrisburg,  145  W.  Situated  on  the 
head  waters  of  Frankstown  branch  of  Juniata  r. 
It  contains  3  stores,  and  50  or  60  dwellings. 

Martinsburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Berkley  co.,  Va., 
21  n.  w.  Harper's  Ferry,  169  n.  by  w.  Richmond, 
77  W.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  county  of- 
fices, 2  academies,  an  almshouse,  4  churches — 1 
Presbyterian,  1  Lutheran,  1  Episcopal,  and  1  Ro- 
man Catholic — 12  stores,  cap.  $67,500 ;  1  furnace, 
3  tanneries,  1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  1  printing  of- 
fice, issuing  a  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $55,695.     It  has  about  1,700  inhabitants. 

Martinsburg,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Ky.,  149  s.  s. 
w.  Frankfort,  638  W.  Situated  in  the  s.  e.  cor- 
ner of  the  county. 

Martinsburg,  p-v.,  Clay  t,  Knox  co.,  O.,  57 
N.  n.  e.  Columbus,  366  W.  It  contains  2  church- 
es, 7  stores,  2  high  schools — 1  for  males  and  1  for 
females — 75  dwellings,  and  about  450  inhabitants. 

Martinsburg,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  la.,  13  s. 
E.  Salem,  105  s.  Indianapolis,  616  W.  It  contains 
about  125  inhabitants. 

Martin's  Creek,  p-o.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa., 
114  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  207  W.  The  creek  rises  at 
the  foot  of  Blue  mountain,  and  running  s.  w.,  en- 
ters Delaware  r.  26  ms.  above  Easton.  It  is  not 
navigable,  but  affords  good  water  power. 

Martin's  Creek,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  Term. 

Martin's  Creek,  p-o.,  Pickens  dist.,  S.  C,  154 
w.  n.  w.  Columbia,  560  W. 

Martin's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Belmont  co.,  O.,  127  e. 
by  n.  Columbus,  267  W. 

Martin's  Hill,  p-o.,  Catlin  t.,  Chemung  co., 
N.  Y.,  207  w.  by  s.  Albany,  291  W. 

Martin's  Stand,  p-o.,  Blount  co.,  Ala.,  114  n. 
n.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  731  W. 

Martinstown,  p-v.,  Eagle  t.,  Hancock  co.,  O., 
89  n.  n.  w.  Columbus,  460  W. 

Martin's  Store,  p-o.,  Macon  co.,  Ga. 

Martinsville,  p-v.,  Somerset  co.,  N.  J.,  35  n. 
by  e.  Trenton,  206  W. 

Martinsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Henry  co.,  Va., 
194  s.  w.  Richmond,  269  W.  Situated  on  Smith's 
r.,  a  branch  of  Dan  r.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  2  stores,  1  tannery,  and  about  100  inhab- 
itants. 

Martinsville,  p-v.,  Northampton  co.,  N.  C, 
150  n.  e.  Raleigh,  219  W. 

Martinsville,  p-v.,  Warren  co.,  Ky.,  152  s. 
w.  by  w.  Frankfort,  676  W. 

Martinsville,  p-v.,  Clinton  co.,  O.,  8«  s.  s. 
w.  Columbus,  455  W.  It  contains  6  stores,  1 
steam  mill,  35  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhab- 
itants. 

Martinsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Morgan  co.,  la., 
23  s.  w.  Indianapolis,  599  W.    Situated  half  a 


MAR  386  MAR 


mile  e.  of  the  K.  branch  of  White  r.,  on  a  beauti- 
ful plain.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  3  stores, 
ana  about  125  inhabitants. 

Martinsville,  p-v.,  Clarke  co.,  111.,  127  e.  s. 
e.  Springfield,  673  W.  Situated  on  the  national 
road,  on  the  e.  side  of  the  n.  fork  of  Embarrass 
river. 


Martville,  p-v.,  Sterling  t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N. 
Y.,  175  w.  Albany,  358  W.  Situated  on  Sodus 
cr.,  and  contains  1  store,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m., 
1  distillery,  3D  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhab- 
itants. 

Marvin's  Mill,  p-o.,  Hancock  co.,  O. 

Mary  Ann,  t.,  Licking  co.,  O.    Pop.  866. 


MARYLAND. 

Maryland,  the  most  southern  of  the  middle  United  States,  is  bounded  n.  by  Pennsylvania ; 
E.  by  Delaware  and  the  Atlantic ;  and  s.  and  w.  by  Virginia.  It  is  between  38°  and  39°  44'  n.  lat., 
and  between  75°  10'  and  79°  20'  w.  Ion.,  and  between  2°  31'  w.  and  1°  58'  e.  from  W.  It  is  196 
miles  long,  and  120  broad,  containing  13,959  square  miles,  or  8,933,760  acres,  of  which  one  fifth  is 
water.  The  Chesapeake  bay  runs  nearly  through  the  state  from  s.  to  n.,  dividing  it  into  two  parts, 
called  the  Eastern  Shore  and  the  Western  Shore. 

The  population  in  1790,  was  319,728 ;  in  1800,  345,824;  in  1810,  380,546;  in  1820,  407,350;  in 
1830,  446,913 ;  in  1840,  469,232,  of  which  89,495  were  slaves.  Of  the  free  population  158,636  were 
white  males;  159,081  do.  females  ;  29,173  were  colored  males;  32,847  do.  females.  Employed  in 
agriculture,  60,851 ;  in  commerce,  3,249 ;  in  manufactures  and  trades,  21,325 ;  navigating  the  ocean, 
721 ;  do.  canals,  lakes,  and  rivers,  1,519 ;  learned  professions,  1,647. 

This  state  is  divided  into  20  counties,  which,  with  their  population  in  1840,  and  their  capitals, 
are  as  follows  :  Western  S?iore— Alleghany,  15,690,  Cumberland  ;  Anne  Arundel,  29,532,  An- 
napolis; Baltimore,  134,379,  Baltimore;  Calvert,  9,229,  Prince  Frederick;  Carroll,  17,241, 
Westminster;  Charles,  16,023,  Port  Tobacco;  Frederick,  36,405,  Frederick;  Harford,  17,120, 
Bel  Air;  Montgomery,  14,669,  Rockville ;  Prince  George's,  19,539,  Upper  Marlboro';  St. 
Mary's,  13,224,  Leonardtown ;  Washington,  28,850,  Hagerstown.  Eastern  Shore— Caroline, 
7,806,  Denton ;  Cecil,  17,232,  Elkton  ;  Dorchester,  18,843,  Cambridge  ;  Kent,  10,842,  Chester- 
town  ;  Queen  Anne's,  12,633,  Centreville ;  Somerset,  19,508,  Princess  Anne ;  Talbot,  12,090, 
Easton ;  Worcester,  18,377,  Snowhill. 

Annapolis,  on  the  western  shore  of  the  Chesapeake,  on  the  Severn  river,  is  the  seat  of  gov- 
ernment. 

In  the  counties  on  the  eastern  shore  of  the  Chesapeake,  the  land  is  generally  level  and  low,  and 
in  many  places  is  covered  with  stagnant  waters,  which  give  rise,  in  the  summer  and  fall,  to  agues 
and  intermittent  fevers,  and  many  of  the  inhabitants  have  a  sickly  appearance.  The  soil  possesses 
considerable  fertility,  and  produces  a  beautiful  white  wheat,  Indian  corn,  sweet  potatoes,  and  to- 
bacco. The  country  on  the  western  shore  of  the  Chesapeake,  below  the  falls  of  the  rivers,  is  level 
and  free  from  stones,  and  is  very  similar  to  that  on  the  eastern  shore.  Above  the  falls,  the  country 
becomes  gradually  uneven  and  hilly ;  and  in  the  western  part  of  the  state  it  is  mountainous,  being 
crossed  by  different  ranges,  under  the  names  of  South  mountain,  North  mountain,  Sideling  hill, 
Warrior's,  Evits',  Willis',  and  Alleghany  mountains.  Wheat  and  tobacco  are  the  staple  produc- 
tions ;  but  some  cotton,  of  an  inferior  quality,  is  raised  in  the  western  counties,  and,  south  of  Balti- 
more, a  bright  tobacco,  of  superior  quality,  denominated  kitesfoot.  Hemp  and  flax  are  produced  in 
considerable  quantities.  The  soil  of  the  state  is  generally  a  red  loam,  or  clay,  and  much  of  it  is 
excellent.  Apples,  pears,  peaches,  and  plums,  are  abundant.  The  forests  abound  with  various 
nuts,  suitable  for  fattening  hogs,  which  are  suffered  to  run  wild  in  the  woods,  and,  when  fattened, 
are  killed  and  exported  in  great  quantities.  The  climate,  in  the  mountainous  region  in  the  western 
part  of  the  state,  is  salubrious ;  and  in  the  valleys  between  the  mountains  is  much  fine  land,  adapt- 
ed both  to  grain  and  to  grazing. 

In  this  state  there  were  in  1840,  92,920  horses  and  mules ;  225,714  neat  cattle ;  257,922  sheep ; 
416,943  swine ;  poultry  to  the  value  of  $218,765.  There  were  produced  3,345,783  bush,  of  wheat ; 
3,594  of  barley  ;  3,534,211  of  oats  ;  723,577  of  rye  ;  73,606  of  buckwheat ;  8,233,086  of  Ind.  corn ; 
488,201  lbs.  of  wool ;  2,357  of  hops;  3,674  of  wax;  1,036,433  bush,  of  potatoes ;  106,687  tons  of  hay ; 
24,816,012  pounds  of  tobacco ;  5,673  of  cotton ;  2,290  of  silk  cocoons ;  36,266  of  sugar.  The  pro- 
ducts of  the  dairy  amounted  to  $457,466  ;  of  the  orchard,  $105,740;  of  lumber,  $226,977.  There 
were  made  7,585  gallons  of  wine. 

Iron  ore  is  found  in  various  parts  of  the  state,  and  extensive  beds  of  coal  exist  betwen  the  moun- 
tains in  the  western  part. 

This  state  carries  on  an  extensive  trade  with  the  other  states,  with  the  West  Indies,  and  with 
Europe,  principally  from  Baltimore.  The  exports  consist  of  flour,  tobacco,  iron,  lumber,  Ind.  corn, 
pork,  flax  seed,  beans,  and  fish,  particularly  shell-fish. 

The  Potomac  river,  which  divides  this  state  from  Virginia,  is  550  miles  long,  and  navigable  about 
300  miles  to  Washington  city.  It  is  7i  miles  wide  at  its  mouth,  and  H  at  Alexandria,  290  miles 
from  its  mouth.    The  Susquehanna  is  a  large  river,  which  enters  into  the  head  of  the  Chesapeake 


MAR 387  MAR 

bay  in  this  state.  It  is  H  mile  wide  at  its  mouth,  but  is  navigable  only  5  miles,  being,  above  that, 
much  obstructed  by  falls  and  rapids.  The  Patapsco  is  a  small  river,  navigable,  however,  14  miles 
to  Baltimore  for  large  ships.  The  Patuxent  is  110  miles  long,  and  is  navigable  for  50  miles  for 
vessels  of  250  tons.  The  other  rivers  are  Elk,  Sassafras,  Chester,  Choptank,  Nanticoke,  and 
Pocomoke. 

The  Chesapeake  bay  is  270  miles  long,  and  from  7  to  20  wide ;  and,  by  its  deep  water  and  numer- 
ous inlets,  furnishes  many  fine  harbors. 

Baltimore  is  much  the  largest  place  in  the  state,  and  is  the  third  in  population  in  the  United 
States.  This  state  possesses  great  facilities  for  inland  and  foreign  trade,  and  has  an  extensive 
commerce.    The  other  principal  towns  are  Frederick,  Hagerstown,  and  Annapolis. 

The  exports  of  this  state  in  1840  amounted  to  $5,768,768,  and  the  imports  to  $4,910,746.  There 
were  in  the  state  70  commercial  and  117  commission  houses  engaged  in  foreign  trade,  employing  a 
capital  of  $4,414,000;  2,562  retail  drygoods  and  other  stores,  with  a  capital  of  $9,246,170;  1,330 
persons  engaged  in  the  lumber  trade,  employing  a  capital  of  $307,300 ;  103  persons  employed  in 
internal  transportation,  who,  with  211  butchers,  packers,  &c,  employed  a  capital  of  $28,880;  7,814 
persons  employed  in  the  fisheries,  with  a  capital  of  $88,947. 

The  principal  manufactures  were  of  home-made  or  family  articles,  to  the  amount  of  $176,050; 
39  fulling  mills  and  29  woollen  manufactories,  employing  383  persons,  producing  articles  to  the 
amount  of  $235,900,  and  employing  a  capital  of  $117,630 ;  21  cotton  manufactories,  with  41,182  sp., 
employing  2,284  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $1,150,580,  and  employing  a  capital 
of  $1,304,400 ;  13  rope  factories  employed  198  persons,  and  produced  articles  to  the  amount  of 
$141,050 ;  12  furnaces,  producing  8,876  tons  of  cast  iron,  and  17  forges,  &c,  producing  7,900  tons 
of  bar  iron,  the  whole  employing  1,782  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $795,650 ;  17  paper  manufactories 
produced  to  the  amount  of  $195,100,  and  other  paper  manufactories  $3,000,  the  whole  employing 
171  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $95,400 ;  93  persons  produced  1,865,240  pounds  of  soap,  and  731,446 
do.  of  tallow  candles,  and  35,000  do.  of  spermaceti  candles,  employing  a  capital  of  $98,600 ;  73  dis- 
tilleries produced  366,213  gallons,  and  11  breweries  produced  828,140  gallons,  the  whole  employing 
199  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $185,790 ;  hats  and  caps  were  manufactured  to  the  amount  of  $153,456, 
and  straw  bonnets  to  the  amount  of  $13,200,  the  whole  employing  205  persons,  and  a  capital  of 
$76,620;  161  tanneries  employed  1,035  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $713,655;  408  saddleries,  and 
other  manufactories  of  leather,  produced  articles  to  the  amount  of  $1,050,275,  with  a  capital  of 
$434,127 ;  1  glass  house,  employing  37  persons,  produced  articles  to  the  amount  of  $40,000,  with  a 
capital  of  $30,000 ;  23  potteries  employed  90  persons,  producing  to  the  amount  of  $60,240,  with  a 
capital  of  $25,120;  5  powder  mills  employed  47  persons,  and  produced  669,125  pounds  of  gunpow- 
der, with  a  capital  of  $46,000;  52  persons  produced  drugs  and  paints  to  the  amount  of  $80,100, 
with  a  capital  of  $85,100;  6  sugar  refineries  produced  $176,000;  102  persons  produced  confection- 
ery to  the  amount  of  $73,450 ;  278  persons  manufactured  tobacco  to  the  amount  of  $232,000,  with 
a  capital  of  $125,100;  247  persons  manufactured  granite  and  marble  to  the  amount  of  $152,750; 
1,042  persons  produced  bricks  and  lime  to  the  amount  of  $409,456 ;  723  persons  produced  machinery 
to  the  amount  of  $348,165 ;  36  persons  manufactured  hardware  and  cutlery  to  the  amount  of 
$15,670  ;  690  persons  produced  carriages  and  wagons  to  the  amount  of  $357,622,  with  a  capital  of 
$154,955 ;  189  flouring  mills  produced  466,708  barrels  of  flour,  and,  with  other  mills,  employed  898 
persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $3,267,250,  and  employed  a  capital  of  $4,069,671 ;  ships 
were  built  to  the  amount  of  $279,771 ;  834  persons  manufactured  furniture  to  the  amount  of  $305,360, 
with  a  capital  of  $339,336 ;  389  brick  or  stone  houses,  and  592  wooden  houses,  were  built,  em- 
ploying 2,026  persons,  and  cost  $1,078,770 ;  48  printing  offices,  and  15  binderies,  7  daily,  7  semi- 
weekly,  and  28  weekly  newspapers,  and  7  periodicals,  employed  376  persons,  and  a  capital  of 
$159,100.  The  whole  amount  of  capital  employed  in  manufactures  in  the  state  amounted  to 
$6,450,284. 

Washington  College,  at  Chestertown,  was  established  in  1782;  St.  John's  College,  at  Annapolis, 
in  1784.  These  two  subsequently  formed  a  university.  St.  Mary's  College,  at  Baltimore,  was 
founded  in  1799,  by  the  Catholics.  The  Baltimore  Medical  School  was  founded  in  1807.  In  1812 
there  were  connected  with  it  the  faculties  of  general  science,  law,  and  divinity,  and  it  received  the 
name  of  the  University  of  Maryland.  Mount  St.  Mary's  College  was  established  near  Emmets- 
burg,  in  1830,  by  the  Catholics.  These  institutions  had,  in  1840,  about  400  students.  Besides, 
there  were  127  academies  and  grammar  schools,  with  4,178  students;  and  567  primary  and  com- 
mon schools,  with  16,982  scholars.  There  were  11,605  white  persons,  over  20  years  of  age,  who 
could  neither  read  nor  write. 

The  first  settlers  of  this  state  were  Roman  Catholics,  and  they  are  still  numerous.  They  have 
an  archbishop,  who  is  metropolitan  of  the  United  States,  and  60  churches.  The  Episcopalians 
have  77  ministers  ;  the  Presbyterians  25  ;  the  Baltimore  Methodist  Conference,  which  extends  into 
some  other  states,  has  172  travelling  preachers  ;  the  Baptists  have  20  ministers ;  the  German  Re- 
formed 9 ;  and  there  are  some  Lutherans,  Friends,  Unitarians,  &c. 


MAR 


388 


MAR 


There  were  in  this  state  in  1840,  13  banks,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $9,106,031,  and  a  circu- 
lation of  $2,328,525.    At  the  close  of  1840,  the  state  debt  amounted  to  $15,109,026. 
There  is  a  state  penitentiary  in  Baltimore,  first  occupied  in  1829. 

The  constitution  of  this  state  was  formed  in  1776,  but  has  been  frequently  amended  since  that 
time.  The  governor  is  chosen  annually  by  the  joint  ballot  of  both  houses  of  the  legislature,  and 
is  eligible  only  3  years  in  7.  He  must  be  25  years  of  age,  and  have  resided  in  the  state  5  years. 
The  senators  are  15  in  number,  9  for  the  western  and  6  for  the  eastern  shore ;  they  must  be  25 
years  of  age,  have  resided  in  the  state  3  years,  and  are  chosen  for  5  years.  The  representatives 
must  be  25  years  of  age,  and  have  resided  one  year  in  the  county  for  which  they  are  chosen  im- 
mediately preceding  the  election.  They  are  80  in  number ;  4  from  each  of  the  19  counties,  and 
two  each  from  the  cities  of  Baltimore  and  Annapolis.  The  council  consists  of  5  members  elected 
by  the  legislature  to  advise  the  governor,  and  sanction  or  negative  the  executive  appointments. 
They  must  be  25  years  of  age,  and  are  chosen  for  3  years.  The  governor  has  no  veto  upon  the 
acts  of  the  legislature.  The  judiciary  consists  of  a  chancellor  and  judges,  who  hold  their  offices 
during  good  behavior,  but  are  removable  by  impeachment  before  the  legislature  by  a  vote  of  two 
thirds  of  the  members. 

Every  free  white  male  citizen,  over  21  years  of  age,  who  has  resided  one  year  in  the  county,  or 
in  the  city  of  Annapolis  or  Baltimore  next  preceding  the  election,  enjoys  the  right  of  suffrage. 

Two  of  the  greatest  works  of  internal  improvement  in  the  United  States  have  been  projected 
and  commenced  by  Maryland.  The  first  is  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  canal,  commencing  at 
Georgetown,  District  of  Columbia,  and  to  extend  to  Cumberland,  on  the  Potomac,  and  thence  by 
Wills  creek  and  the  Youghiogheny  and  Monongahela  rivers  to  Pittsburgh,  a  distance  of  341£  miles. 
Jt  would  require  a  tunnel  through  the  Alleghany  mountains  4  miles  and  80  yards  in  length.  The 
whole  amount  of  lockage  will  be  3,215  feet.  The  estimated  cost  is  $9,347,408.  The  state  of  Ma- 
ryland has  subscribed  $3,000,000,  and  the  United  States  $1,000,000,  toward  the  completion  of  the 
undertaking.  A  charter  was  granted  by  Virginia  in  1824,  and  confirmed  by  Maryland  and  the 
Congress  of  the  U.  S.  in  1825,  and  the  work  was  commenced  in  1828.  It  has  been  nearly  com- 
pleted from  Georgetown  to  Cumberland,  185  miles,  and  has  been  extended  to  Alexandria. 

The  second  great  work  is  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  railroad,  designed  to  extend  from  Baltimore 
to  Wheeling,  on  the  Ohio,  360  miles.  It  was  incorporated  by  the  legislature  of  Maryland,  Vir- 
ginia, and  Pennsylvania,  in  1827,  and  commenced  July  4th,  1828.  The  state  of  Maryland  has 
subscribed  to  the  stock  $3,000,000,  and  the  city  of  Baltimore  $3,000,000.  It  is  completed  from 
Baltimore  to  Cumberland.  The  Washington  Branch  extends  30£  miles  from  Patapsco  river  to 
Washington.  The  Baltimore  and  Port  Deposite  railroad  extends  36  miles  from  Baltimore  to  Havre 
de  Grace.  The  Baltimore  and  Susquehanna  railroad  extends  56  ms.  from  Baltimore  to  York,  Pa. 
The  Reistertown  Branch  railroad  commences  6  ms.  from  Baltimore,  and  extends  8  ms.  to  Reister- 
town.  The  Wilmington  and  Susquehanna  railroad  extends  from  Havre  de  Grace,  32  ms.,  to  Wil- 
mington, Del.  The  Annapolis  and  Elkridge  railroad  extends  19*  miles  from  Washington  Branch 
to  Annapolis. 

The  original  charter  of  Maryland  was  granted  to  Cecilius  Calvert,  (Lord  Baltimore,)  in  1632.  It 
was  originally  included  in  the  patent  of  the  South  Virginia  Company,  and  was  considered  as  be- 
longing to  Virginia,  until  the  above  date.  It  was  called,  by  its  proprietor,  Maryland,  in  honor  of 
Henrietta  Maria,  queen  of  Charles  I.  The  proprietor  was  a  Catholic,  and  planted  the  first  colony, 
consisting  of  200  Roman  Catholics,  in  1634,  on  the  n.  side  of  the  Potomac,  at  a  town  called  St. 
Mary's.  Previously  to  the  grant  to  Calvert,  a  few  emigrants  had  settled  in  the  country,  at  the 
head  of  whom  was  a  man  by  the  name  of  Claiborne,  who  raised  a  rebellion  against  the  proprietor, 
and  instigated  the  Indians  against  the  settlers,  and  gave  them  much  trouble.  Calvert  offered  to 
every  emigrant  fifty  acres  of  land  in  fee,  and  without  regard  to  religious  persuasion  ;  and  as  a  free 
toleration  was  granted,  the  colony  was  increased.  The  constitution  of  Maryland  was  settled  in 
1650 ;  the  legislature  was  divided  into  two  houses,  and  the  province  into  3  counties.  Under  Crom- 
well the  Calvert  family  were  deprived  of  the  government,  but  were  reinstated  by  Charles  II.  at 
the  restoration.  They  were  deprived  again  under  William  and  Mary,  and  Maryland  continued  a 
royal  government  until  1716.  The  Calvert  who  held  the  claims  of  his  family  then  renounced  the 
Roman  Catholic  religion,  and  was  reinstated  in  his  rights.  At  the  commencement  of  the  revolu- 
tion, the  authority  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  people,  who,  in  1776,  formed  their  constitution.  From 
the  first,  they  were  active  in  resisting  the  acts  of  British  oppression,  and  bore  their  part  in  the  trials 
and  hardships  and  dangers  of  the  revolutionary  war.  In  convention,  April  28th,  1783,  they  adopted 
the  constitution  of  the  United  States,— yeas  63,  nays  12 ;  majority  51. 


Maryland,  p-t.,  Otsego  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  n. 
Cooperstown,  66  w.  by  n.  Albany,  362  W.  The 
surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  sandy  loam,  fertile  in  the 
valleys.  Drained  by  Schenevas  cr.  The  v. 
contains  1  Presbyterian  church,  2  stores,  1  grist 


m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  distillery,  and  about  20  dwellings. 
There  are  in  the  t.  6  stores,  cap.  $20,500 ;  1  full- 
ing m.,  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  3  grist  m.,  17  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $38,315.  16  sch.  763  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  2,085. 


MAS 


389 


MAS 


Maryland  Line,  p-o.,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  62  n. 
Annapolis,  72  W. 

Marysville,  p-v.,  Union  co.,  O.,  41  N.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 131  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Mill 
cr.,  a  branch  of  Little  Scioto  r.  It  contains  a 
court  house  of  brick,  a  jail,  3  stores,  50  dwellings, 
and  about  300  inhabitants. 

Marysville,  p-v.,  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  137  s. 
w.  by  w.  Richmond,  218  W.  Situated  on  the 
N.  side  of  Stanton  r. 

Marysville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Blount  co.,  Tenn., 
18  s.  s.  w.  Knoxville,  183  e.  s.  e.  Nashville,  523 
W.  Situated  on  a  branch  of  Pistol  cr.,  flowing 
into  Little  r.,  a  branch  of  Holston  r.,  and  contains 
a  court  house,  a  church,  and  about  500  inhabit- 
ants. It  is  the  seat  of  the  South  Western  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Presbyterians,  founded  in  1821,  has  2  professors, 
21  students,  90  have  completed  their  education, 
and  6,000  vols,  in  its  libraries. 

Marysville,  p-v.,  Lawrence  co.,  la.,  63  s.  s. 
w.  Indianapolis,  630  W. 

Mascoutah,  p-v.,  St.  Clair  co.,  HI.,  110  s. 
Springfield,  819  W. 

Mashulaville,  p-v.,  Noxubee  co.,  Miss.,  113 
N.  E.  Jackson,  897  W.  Situated  a  little  w.  of  the 
w.  fork  of  Tombigbee  r. 

Maskegon,  r.,  Mich.,  rises  in  several  lakes  in 
Mikenauk  co.,  and  after  a  course  of  175  miles 
enters  Lake  Michigan  14  ms.  n.  of  the  entrance 
of  Grand  r. 

Maskegon,  p-t.,  Ottowa  co.,  Mich.,  227  w.  n. 
w.  Detroit,  708  W.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the 
south  of  an  expansion  of  the  r.  called  Maskegon  1. 
It  contains  1  store  and  a  few  dwellings.  There 
are  in  the  t.  6  saw  m.,  with  a  cap.  of  $40,500. 

Mason,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  875  sq.  ms.  Ohio  r. 
bounds  it  on  the  n.  and  w.  Watered  by  Great 
Kanawha  r.  and  its  tributaries,  and  small  creeks 
flowing  into  Ohio  r.  The  surface  is  broken ; 
soil,  generally  fertile.  Salt  is  found  near  Ka- 
nawha r.  Capital,  Point  Pleasant.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,889,  sheep  9,292,  swine 
17,169  ;  wheat  69,503  bush,  produced,  rye  1,914, 
Ind.  corn  298,720,  potatoes  20,316,  tobacco  9,478 
pounds,  sugar  27,108;  11  stores,  cap.  $33,500;  4 
tanneries,  1  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $8,050.  11  sch.  241  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  5,923,  slaves  808,  free  col'd  46;  total, 
6,777. 

Mason,  county,  Ky.  Situated  toward  the  N. 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  260  sq.  ms. 
The  Ohio  r.  bounds  it  on  the  n.  Drained  by 
North  Lick,  a  branch  of  Licking  r.  Capital, 
Washington.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
11,315,  sheep  21,340,  swine  29,554 ;  wheat  220,733 
bush,  produced,  rye  24,250,  Ind.  corn  666,526, 


oats  1)1,80-4,  potatoes  20,630;  hemp  and  flax  1,065 
tons;  tobacco  1,122,749  pounds;  11  commission 
houses,  cap.  $113,900;  65  stores,  cap.  $416,100; 
2  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac  1,100  sp.,  8  tanneries, 
6  distilleries,  1  brewery,  3  potteries,  4  rope  fac, 
13  flouring  m.,  19  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  2  printing 
offices,  3  weekly  and  1  semi-weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $210,915.  1  acad.  70  students, 
36  sch.  1,006  scholars.  Pop.  whites  11,138,  slaves 
4,309,  free  col'd  272;  total,  15,719. 

Mason,  p-t.,  Hillsboro'  co.,  N.  H.,  44  s.  s.  w. 
Concord,  450  W.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil, 
fertile,  particularly  in  the  w.  part.  Drained  by 
Souhegan  r.  and  branches  of  Nashua  r.  Char- 
tered in  1768,  first  settled  in  1751.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $1,400 ;  1  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  2,048 
sp.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac  $29,700.  10  sch.  357  scholars.  Pop. 
1,275. 

Mason,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  O.,  93  s.  w.  Colura 
bus,  477  W. 

Mason,  t.,  Lawrence  co.,  O.  Symmes'  cr. 
runs  near  its  w.  border  and  once  enters  the  t.  It 
has  6  sch.  86  scholars.    Pop.  685. 

Mason,  t.,  Cass  co.,  Mich.  The  soil  is  fertile, 
well  adapted  to  grain.  It  has  1  sch.  40  scholars. 
Pop.  318. 

Mason,  t.,  Ingham  co.,  Mich.  It  has  2  sch.  40 
scholars.    Pop.  273. 

Mason,  p-v.,  Clinton  co.,  Mo. 

Mason,  t.,  Marion  co.,  Mo.  It  has  4  sch.  155 
scholars.    Pop.  1,953. 

Mason  Centre,  p-v.,  Ingham  co.,  Mich.,  85 
w.  by  n.  Detroit,  571  W.  Situated  on  Syca- 
more cr.,  and  contains  1  store,  1  saw  m.,  and 
several  dwellings. 

Mason  Hall,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C,  49  n.  w. 
Raleigh,  283  W. 

Mason  Hall,  p-o.,  Obion  co.,  Tenn.,  153  w. 
Nashville,  835  W. 

Mason  Grove,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  Tenn.,  149 
s.  w.  Nashville,  834  W. 

Masontown,  p-o.,  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  190  s.  w 
Harrisburg,  193  W. 

Mason  village,  p-v.,  Mason  t.,  Hillsboro'  co., 
N.  H,  44  s.  s.  w.  Concord,  450  W. 

Mason ville,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.,  N.  Y.,  Ill  s. 
w.  Albany,  313  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
mountainous,  with  a  large  growth  of  pine  and 
other  timber.  Drained  by  small  branches  of  Sus- 
quehanna and  Delaware  rivers.  The  v.  contains 
1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist  church,  3  stores, 
35  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.  2  stores,  cap.  $3,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1 
tannery,  I  grist  m.,  15  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$7,050.     11  sch.  455  scholars.    Pop.  1,420. 

Masonville,  p-v.,  Lauderdale  co.,  Ala.,  145 
n.  Tuscaloosa,  770  W. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

Massachusetts,  one  of  the  eastern  United  States,  is  bounded  n.  by  Vermont  and  New  Hamp- 
shire ;  e.  by  the  Atlantic ;  s.  by  the  Atlantic,  Rhode  Island,  and  Connecticut ;  and  w.  by  New 
York.  It  lies  between  41°  23'  and  43°  52'  n.  lat.,  and  69°  50'  and  73°  10'  w.  Ion.  It  is  190  miles 
long  and  90  broad,  containing  about  7,500  sq.  ms.,  or  4,800,000  acres.  The  population  in  1790  was 
383,727;  in  1800,  422,845  ;  in  1810,  472,040;  in  1820,  523,287;  in  1830,  610,408;  1840,  737,699. 
Of  these  360,679  were  free  white  males;  368,351  do.  females;  4,654  free  colored  males  ;  4,015  do. 
females.  Employed  in  mining,  499 ;  in  agriculture,  87,837 ;  in  commerce,  8,063 ;  in  manufactures 
and  trades,  85,176 ;  navigating  the  ocean,  27,153 ;  do.  rivers,  &c,%72 ;  learned  professions,  3,804. 

The  capital,  and  the  largest  town  in  New  England,  is  Boston,  situated  on  a  small  peninsula  in 
Boston  bay 

This  state  is  divided  into  14  counties,  which,  with  their  population  in  1840,  and  capitals,  are  as 
follows  :  Suffolk.  95,773,  Boston  ;  Essex,  94,987,  Salem,  Newburyport,  and  Ipswich ;  Middlesex, 
106,611,  Cambridge,  Concord,  and  Lowell;  Worcester,  95,313,  Worcester;  Hampshire,  30,897, 


MAS  390  MAS 

Northampton;  Hampden,  37,366,  Springfield  ;  Franklin, 23,812, Greenfield;  Berkshire,  41,745, 
Lenox;  Bristol,  60,164,  New  Bedford  and  Taunton  ;  Plymouth,  47,373,  Plymouth;  Barnsta- 
ble, 32,548,  Barnstable ;  Dukes,  3,958,  Edgartown ;  Nantucket,  9,012,  Nantucket ;  Norfolk, 
53,140,  Dedham. 

There  are  several  ranges  of  mountains,  which  come  from  Vermont  and  New  Hampshire,  and 
cross  the  western  part  of  the  state  into  Connecticut.  To  the  E.  of  these  mountains  the  country  is 
hilly,  except  in  the  southern  counties,  where  it  is  level  and  sandy.  On  the  seacoast,  the  land  is 
generally  poor,  particularly  in  the  s.  e.,  but  by  a  skilful  cultivation,  it  is  made  in  many  parts  to 
produce  well.  The  rest  of  the  state  has  generally  a  strong,  good  soil,  well  adapted  to  grazing  and 
to  grain.  The  lands  in  the  valleys  of  the  Connecticut  and  Housatonic  rivers  have  an  excellent 
soil.  In  no  state  in  the  Union  has  agriculture  been  more  improved  than  in  Massachusetts.  The 
principal  productions  are  grass,  Indian  corn,  rye,  wheat,  oats,  and  potatoes.  Beef,  pork,  butter,  and 
cheese,  of  an  excellent  quality,  are  extensively  produced.  Apples  are  found  in  great  quantities, 
and  are  extensively  made  into  cider.  Peaches,  pears,  plums,  and  cherries  are  cultivated  with  suc- 
cess. In  1840  there  were  in  this  state,  61,484  horses  and  mules  ;  282,574  neat  cattle  ;  378,226  sheep ; 
143,221  swine  ;  poultry  to  the  amount  of  $178,157;  there  were  produced  157,923  bushels  of  wheat; 
165,319  of  barley;  1,319,680  of  oats ;  536,014  of  rye  ;  87,000  of  buckwheat;  1,809,192  of  Indian 
corn;  941,906  pounds  of  wool;  254,795  of  hops;  5,335,652  bushels  of  potatoes;  569,395  tons  of 
hay ;  2,432  of  hemp  and  flax  ;  1,741  pounds  of  silk  cocoons  ;  579,227  of  sugar.  The  value  of  the 
products  of  the  dairy  was  $2,373,299 ;  of  the  orchard,  $389,177 ;  of  lumber,  $344,845. 

Massachusetts  is  a  great  commercial  state.  The  fisheries  of  the  United  States  are  chiefly  car- 
ried on  by  her  citizens.  The  principal  articles  of  export  are  fish,  beef,  pork,  lumber,  flax  seed, 
whale  oil,  spermaceti,  and  her  manufactures.  Marble  is  extensively  exported  from  West  Stock- 
bridge,  and  granite  from  Quincy. 

Her  manufactures  of  cotton  cloths,  boots  and  shoes,  leather,  wrought  and  cast  iron,  woollen  cloths, 
straw  bonnets,  hats,  cabinet  work,  paper,  and  oil,  are  extensive.  Lowell,  which  was  unknown  by 
name  20  years  ago,  has  become  the  Manchester  of  America,  and,  supported  by  its  manufactures, 
has  become  the  second  place  in  population  in  the  state.  Muskets  are  extensively  manufactured  at 
the  national  armory  in  Springfield.  In  its  shipping,  Massachusetts  is  the  first  state  in  the  Union, 
and  has  one  third  of  the  whole  tonnage  of  the  country. 

The  state  debt  at  the  close  of  1840  was  $5,149,137. 

The  climate  of  this  state  is  favorable  to  health,  and  about  1  in  7  of  the  inhabitants  live  to  70  years 
of  age.  The  extremes  of  temperature  are  from  20  degrees  below  to  100  degrees  above  zero ;  but 
such  extremes  are  rare  and  of  short  continuance. 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  Connecticut,  which  has  a  winding  course  of  50  miles  in  this  state. 
Deerfield  and  Westfield  rivers  enter  it  from  the  west,  and  Miller's  and  Chickapee  rivers  from  the 
east.  The  Housatonic  rises  in  Berkshire  county,  in  the  western  part  the  state,  and  flows  into  the 
state  of  Connecticut  The  Merrimac  has  a  course  of  50  miles  in  the  n.  e.  part  of  the  state,  and 
enters  the  ocean  at  Newburyport.    It  is  navigable  for  large  vessels,  15  miles  to  Haverhill. 

Massachusetts  bay  extends  from  Cape  Ann  on  the  n.,  40  miles,  to  Cape  Cod  on  the  s.,  and  includes 
Boston  and  Cape  Cod  bays.  Buzzard's  bay,  on  the  s.  shore  of  the  state,  is  30  miles  in  length. 
Boston  harbor  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  world,  easy  of  entrance,  safe  and  capacious,  and  easily  and 
well  defended.  New  Bedford,  on  Buzzard's  bay,  has  a  fine  harbor.  The  other  commercial  towns 
are  Salem,  Newburyport,  Gloucester,  and  Nantucket.  The  other  principal  towns  are  Lowell, 
Plymouth,  Worcester,  Springfield,  Pittsfield,  and  Northampton. 

There  are  several  important  islands  off  the  s.  shore  of  Massachusetts.  The  largest  is  Nantucket, 
15  miles  long  and  11  broad,  which  of  itself  constitutes  a  county  of  its  own  name.  Martha's  Vine- 
yard, to  the  w.  of  Nantucket,  is  20  miles  long,  and  from  2  to  10  broad.  This,  with  Elizabeth  Isl- 
ands, in  Buzzard's  bay,  and  some  other  small  islands,  constitutes  Dukes  county. 

The  exports  of  this  state  in  1840  amounted  to  $10,186,261,  and  the  imports  to  $16,513,853. 

There  were  in  1840,  241  commercial  and  123  commission  houses  engaged  in  foreign  trade,  em- 
ploying a  capital  of  $13,881,517 ;  and  3,625  retail  drygoods  and  other  stores,  with  a  capital  of 
$12,705,038 ;  the  lumber  trade  employed  3,432  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $1,022,360  ;  internal  trans- 
portation employed  799  persons,  and  with  480  butchers,  packers,  &c,  employed  a  capital  of  $407,850 ; 
the  fisheries  employed  16,000  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $11,725,850. 

The  manufactures  of  Massachusetts  are  not  less  distinguished  than  its  commerce.  The  value  of 
family  and  home-made  manufactures  in  1840  was  $231,942 ;  there  were  207  fulling  mills,  and  144 
woollen  manufactories,  employ^  5,076  persons,  producing  goods  to  the  amount  of  $7,082,898,  and 
employing  a  capital  of  $4,179,850;  278  cotton  manufactories,  with  665,095  spindles,  employing 
20,923  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $16,553,423,  and  employing  a  cap.  of  $17,414,099: 
48  furnaces  produced  9,332  tons  of  cast  iron,  67  forges,  rolling  mills,  &c,  produced  6.004  tons  of  bar 
iron,  the  whole  employing  1,097  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $1,232,875  ;  82  paper  manufactories,  em- 
ploying 967  persons,  produced  articles  to  the  amount  of  $1,659,930,  and  other  paper  manufactures 


MAS 391 MAS 

to  the  amount  of  956,700,  and  the  whole  employed  a  capital  of  §1,082,800;  463  persons  produced 
salt  to  the  amount  of  $376,596  bushels,  with  a  capital  of  $502,980;  hats  and  caps  wore  manufac- 
tured to  the  amount  of  $918,438,  and  straw  bonnets  to  the  amount  of  $321,646,  the  whole  employ- 
ing 6,656  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $602,292  ;  355  tanneries  employed  2,446  persons,  and  a  capital 
of  $1,024,6J9  ;  paints  and  drugs  were  produced  to  the  amount  of  $405,725,  and  turpentine  and  var- 
nish to  the  amount  of  $25,820  ;  1,532  saddleries,  and  other  leather  manufactories,  produced  article! 
to  the  amount  of  $10,553,326,  and  employed  a  capital  of  $3,318,544  ;  4  glass  houses,  employing  372 
persons,  produced  articles  to  the  amount  of  $471,000,  with  a  capital  of  $277,000  ;  20  potteries,  em- 
ploying 71  persons,  produced  articles  to  the  amount  of  $44,450,  with  a  capital  of  $27,975;  2  sujur 
refineries  produced  articles  to  the  amount  of  $1,025,000  ;  chocolate  was  manufactured  to  the  amount 
of  $31,500  ;  and  confectionery  to  the  amount  of  $137,300  ;  14  powder  mills  employed  69  persons, 
and  produced  2,315,215  pounds  of  gunpowder,  with  a  capital  of  $255,000 ;  913  persons  produced 
machinery  to  the  amount  of  $926,975  ;  1,109  persons  produced  hardware  and  cutlery  to  the  amount 
of  $1,881,163;  37  distilleries  produced  5,177,910  gallons,  and  7  breweries  produced  429,800  gallons, 
employing  154  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $963,100  ;  397  persons  produced  50  cannon  and  22,652  small- 
arms  ;  1,402  persons  produced  carriages  and  wagons  to  the  amount  of  $803,999,  with  a  capital  of 
$334,660  ;  274  persons  wrought  granite  and  marble  to  the  amount  of  $217,180  ;  and  758  persons  man- 
ufactured bricks  and  lime  to  the  amount  of  $310,796  ;  mills  of  various  kinds  employed  1,803  per- 
sons, and  manufactured  to  the  amount  of  $1,771,185,  with  a  capital  of  $1,440,152  ;  ships  were  built 
to  the  amount  of  $1,349,994  ;  51  rope  walks  employed  672  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount 
of  $852,200,  with  a  capital  of  $555,100;  furniture  employed  2,424  persons,  producing  $1,090,008; 
246  persons  manufactured  musical  instruments  to  the  amount  of  $243,760,  with  a  capital  of  $555,100 ; 
324  brick  and  2,249  wooden  houses  employed  2,947  persons,  and  cost  $2,767,134.  There  were  104 
printing  offices,  72  binderies,  10  daily  newspapers,  67  weekly,  and  14  semi-weekly,  and  14  periodi- 
cals, the  whole  employing  922  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $416,200.  The  whole  amount  of  capital 
employed  in  manufactures  was  $41,774,446. 

Massachusetts  has  3  colleges  and  2  theological  seminaries.  Harvard  University,  at  Cambridge, 
is  the  oldest  and  best  endowed  institution  of  the  kind  in  the  United  States,  having  been  founded  in 
1633,  eighteen  years  after  the  first  tree  was  felled,  and  the  first  log  house  was  erected  in  the  wilder- 
ness by  the  Pilgrim  Fathers  of  New  England.  Williams  College,  at  Williamstown,  in  the  n.  e. 
corner  of  the  state,  was  founded  in  1793,  and  is  a  flourishing  institution.  Amherst  College  was 
founded  in  1821,  and  has  had  an  unexampled  growth,  ranking  with  the  first  colleges  in  New  Eng- 
land. The  Theological  Seminary,  at  Andover,  is  the  best  endowed,  and  one  of  the  most  flourish- 
ing institutions  of  the  kind  in  the  United  States,  and  is  under  the  direction  of  the  Congregational- 
ists.  The  Baptists,  also,  have  a  flourishing  theological  institution  at  Newton.  All  these  institu- 
tions had,  in  1840,  769  students.  There  were  in  the  state,  251  academies  and  grammar  schools,  with 
16,746  students  ;  3,362  primary  and  common  schools,  with  160,257  scholars.  There  were  4,448  per- 
sons over  20  years  of  age  who  could  neither  read  nor  write.  These,  as  is  the  case  in  most  of  the 
states,  are  principally  made  up  of  foreign  immigrants. 

The  principal  religious  denominations  are  the  Congregationalists,  the  Baptists,  the  Methodists,  the 
Episcopalians,  and  the  Universalists.  In  1836,  the  Orthodox  Congregationalists  had  about  350 
churches,  320  ministers,  and  50,000  communicants.  The  Unitarians  had  about  120  ministers ;  the 
Baptists  had  129  churches,  160  ministers,  and  20,200  communicants.  The  Episcopalians  had  1 
bishop  and  37  ministers  ;  the  Universalists  had  100  congregations  and  44  ministers.  Besides  these, 
there  are  a  few  Presbyterians,  Christ-ians,  Roman  Catholics,  and  Friends,  and  some  others. 

In  November,  1839,  Massachusetts  had  118  banks,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $34,485,600,  and  a 
circulation  of  $7,875,322. 

This  state  has  a  penitentiary  at  Charlestown. 

Massachusetts  has  been  fully  awake  to  the  subject  of  internal  improvement.  The  Middlesex 
canal,  connecting  the  Merrimac  river,  2  miles  above  Lowell,  with  Boston  harbor  at  Charlestown, 
is  27  miles  long,  and  was  completed  in  1808,  at  a  cost  of  $528,000.  This  was  the  first  canal,  of  any 
considerable  length,  attempted  in  the  United  States.  The  Hampshire  and  Hampden  canal  contin- 
ues the  Farmington  canal  from  the  n.  line  of  Connecticut,  22  miles,  to  Northampton,  making  the 
whole  length  of  the  canal  from  New  Haven  76  miles.  Blackstone  canal,  45  miles  long,  connects 
Worcester  with  Providence,  R.  I.,  and  was  completed  in  1828,  at  a  cost  of  $600,000.  Quincy  rail- 
road, completed  in  1327,  for  the  transportation  of  granite  from  the  quarry,  3  miles,  to  Neponset  river, 
was  the  first  work  of  the  kind  in  the  United  States ;  so  late  has  been  this  species  of  improvement. 
The  rails  are  of  timber,  faced  with  iron.  Boston  and  Lowell  railroad  is  25  miles  long,  with  a  branch 
from  Wilmington  to  Haverhill,  18  miles,  and  is  extended  to  Dover,  N.  H.  From  Lowell,  the  road 
is  continued,  15  miles,  to  Nashua,  and  thence  to  Concord,  N.  H.  From  Haverhill  the  road  is  con- 
tinued through  New  Hampshire  to  Maine.  The  Eastern  railroad  extends,  33  miles,  from  Boston  to 
Newburyport,  and  is  extended  to  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  and  thence  to  Portland,  Me.  Boston  and 
Providence  railroad  was  incorporated  in  1831,  and  opened  in  1835,  is  42  miles  long,  with  a  branch 


MAS 


392 


MAT 


of  2  miles  to  Dedham,  and  another  of  11  miles  to  Taunton,  which,  under  the  name  of  the  Old 
Colony  railroad,  is  continued  to  New  Bedford.  The  Worcester  railroad,  43  miles,  constitutes  a 
section  of  the  great  Western  railroad,  which  is  extended  to  Albany.  The  Worcester  and  Norwich 
railroad  extends  59  miles,  and  connects  with  a  steamboat  navigation  to  the  city  of  New  York. 

The  government  of  Massachusetts  consists  of  a  governor,  lieutenant-governor,  senators,  and 
representatives,  chosen  annually  by  the  people,  and  they  meet  annually  at  Boston,  on  the  first 
Wednesday  of  January.  The  senate  consists  of  40  members,  chosen  by  districts.  From  these,  a 
council  of  9  members  is  elected,  by  joint  ballot  of  the  legislature.  By  a  modification  of  the  con- 
stitution in  1837,  it  was  ordained  that  every  town  having  300  ratable  polls  at  the  last  preceding  de- 
cennial census  of  polls,  may  elect  1  representative ;  and  for  every  450  more,  one  additional  repre- 
sentative. In  towns  of  less  than  300  polls,  multiply  the  polls  of  the  last  census  by  10,  and  divide 
by  300,  and  the  quotient  will  show  the  number  of  years  in  the  decennial  period  that  they  shall  be 
allowed  to  send  a  representative.  Where  there  is  a  surplus  of  polls  over  a  sufficiency  for  one  or 
more  representatives,  multiply  the  surplus  by  10,  and  divide  by  450,  and  the  quotient  will  show  how 
many  years  of  the  decennial  period  they  shall  be  allowed  an  additional  representative. 

The  Plymouth  colony  was  first  settled  by  the  Puritans,  who  landed  in  Plymouth  in  December, 
1620.  In  1628  the  foundation  of  the  Massachusetts  colony  was  laid  by  the  settlement  of  Salem  and 
Charlestown,  and  in  1630,  of  Boston.  In  1692,  these  colonies  were  united,  and  have  so  continued 
ever  since,  under  the  name  of  Massachusetts.  The  American  revolution  began  at  Boston  and  in 
the  vicinity,  and  this  state  bore  a  prominent  part  in  that  memorable  struggle.  The  first  regular  bat- 
tle, that  of  Breed's  Hill,  commonly  called  Bunker  Hill,  in  Charlestown,  was  fought  on  the  17th 
of  June,  1775.  On  the  17th  of  March,  1776,  the  British  were  compelled  to  evacuate  Boston.  In 
1780,  a  convention  of  delegates  formed  the  present  state  constitution.  This  was  revised,  with 
some  modifications,  in  1820.  In  1783,  slavery  was  abolished  by  law.  In  1786,  a  serious  disturbance 
took  place,  denominated  Shay's  rebellion,  which  was,  after  some  time,  quelled.  This  state  voted 
in  convention,  February  6th,  1788,  to  adopt  the  constitution  of  the  United  States  :  yeas  187,  nays 
168 ;  majority  19. 


Massanutten,  p-o.,  Page  co.,  Va.,  138  n.  w. 
Richmond,  106  W.  Near  it  is  a  beautiful  sheet 
of  water  on  Massanutten  mountain,  which  has  an 
unbroken  fall  of  near  50  feet,  below  which  the 
water  flows  in  a  deep  chasm  of  limestone  rock, 
with  banks  nearly  perpendicular.  The  fall  pre- 
sents a  beautiful  spectacle. 

Massenna,  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.  Y.,  247 
N.  N.  w.  Albany,  524  W.  The  surface  is  slightly 
rolling;  soil,  rich  loam.  Watered  by  Racket 
and  Grass  rivers,  affording  water  power,  which 
flow  into  the  St.  Lawrence  r.  that  bounds  it  on 
the  n.  It  contains  a  sulphur  spring  of  some  ce- 
lebrity. The  v.  contains  1  Baptist  church,  4 
stores,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1  clothier's  works,  2 
tanneries,  50  dwellings,  and  about  300  inhabit- 
ants. There  are  in  the  t.,  9  stores,  cap  $62,000 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $10,300.  17  sch.  740  scholars.  Pop. 
2,726. 

Masserne,  mountains,  sometimes  called  the 
Ozark  mountains,  commence  near  the  junction 
of  the  Missouri  and  Mississippi  rivers,  in  Mo., 
and  run  in  a  s.  w.  direction  through  the  states  of 
Missouri  and  Arkansas,  into  Texas.  This  chain 
is  crossed  by  the  Arkansas  and  Red  rivers.  Its 
highest  peak  is  called  Mount  Cerne,  from  which 
it  has  derived  its  name. 

Massie's  Creek,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  O.,  57  w.  s. 
w.  Columbus,  450  W.  The  cr.  is  a  considerable 
mill  stream,  which  rises  in  Madison  co.,  and  falls 
into  Little  Miami  r.,  4  ms.  above  Xenia.  It  has 
a  series  of  falls  for  several  miles,  passing  through 
a  chasm  20  or  30  feet  wide  and  60  feet  deep, 
which  presents  a  highly  romantic  appearance. 

Massillon,  p-v.,  Perry  t.,  Stark  co.,  O.,  116  n 
e.  Columbus,  321  W.  Situated  on  the  Ohio  ca- 
nal. Laid  out  in  1826.  It  contains  1  Baptist 
and  1  Episcopal  church,  1  bank,  22  stores,  15 
warehouses,  a  great  variety  of  mechanics,  1 
flouring  m.,  1  woollen  fee,  2  tanneries,  1  printing 
office,  250  dwellings,  and  has  1,422.  inhabitants. 
The  exports  are  estimated  at  over  $750,000 ;  and 


Bituminous  coal  is 
173 


the  imports  are  still  greater, 
found  in  the  vicinity. 

Matamora,  p-o.,  Hardiman  co.,   Tenn 
s.  w.  Nashville,  849  W. 

Matchapungo,  Inlet,  Northampton  co.,  Va., 
enters  a  gulf  called  Broad  Water,  from  the  At- 
lantic, between  Prout's  and  Hog  islands. 

Mathews,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  s.  e. 
part  of  the  state  on  Chesapeake  bay,  and  con- 
tains 68  sq.  ms.  It  consists  of  a  peninsula  be- 
tween Piankatanck  and  Mobjack  bays.  Capital, 
Mathews  C.  H.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  4,181,  sheep  2,366,  swine  9,214;  wheat 
8,875  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  171,290,  oats 
51,100,  potatoes  17,070,  cotton  24,590  ;  20  stores, 
cap.  $33,900;  2  tanneries,  15  grist  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $30,700.  2  acad.  92  students,  12  sch. 
257  scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,969,  slaves  3,309, 
free  col'd  174 ;  total,  7,442. 

Mathews,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Mathews  co., 
Va.,  102  e.  by  s.  Richmond,  187  W. 

Mathews  Prairie,  p-o.,  Scott  co.,  Mo.,  240  s. 
E.  Jefferson  City,  857  VV. 

Mathewsville,  p-v.,  Pocahontas  co.,  Va.,  194 
w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  221  W. 

Matinic,  isl.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.   1  sch.  Pop.  19. 

Matinicus  Rock,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.  1  sch 
Pop.  10. 

Matildaville,  p-o.,  Parishville  t.,  St.  Law- 
rence co.,  N.  Y. 

Mattapony,  r.,  Va.,  rises  in  Spottsylvania  co., 
and  is  formed  by  the  junction  of  Mat,  Ta,  Po, 
and  Ny  rivers.  At  the  s.  e.  point  of  King  William 
co.,  it  unites  with  Pamunky  r.  to  form  York  r. 

Mattamiscontis,  t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.  It 
has  1  sch.  23  scholars.     Pop.  97. 

Mattapoisett,  p-v.,  Rochester  t.,  Plymouth 
co.,  Mass.,  60  Boston,  441  W.  Situated  on  an 
inlet  from  Buzzard's  bay,  and  contains  3  churches 
—  I.  Congregational,  1  Baptist,  1  Universalist— 
several  stores,  and  100  dwellings.  The  inhabit- 
ants are  extensively  engaged  in  the  whale 
fishery. 


MAU 


393 


MAY 


Me. 


Mattawamkeag,  p  o.,  Penobscot  co., 
13.)  n.  e.  Augusta,  725  W. 

.Mattkawan,  v.,  Fishkill  t.,  Dutchess  co.,  N. 
Y.  Situated  on  Fishkill  cr.,  H  ras.  from  the 
landing  on  Hudson  r.  It  contains  the  "  Highland 
Gymnasium,''  a  boarding  school  for  boys,  2 
churches,  G  stores,  2  extensive  beverteens, 
moleskin,  and  fustian  lac.  employing  600  per- 
sons, 1  iron  foundry  and  machine  shop,  em- 
ploying 400  persons,  1  machine  card  fac,  1  flour- 
ing m.,  200  dwellings,  and  about  1,800  inhabit- 
ants. The  cr.  has  here  a  fall  of  40  feet,  affording 
extensive  water  power,  during  the  whole  year. 

Matthew's  Store,  p-o.,  Anne  Arundel  co., 
Md. 

Mattituck,  p-v.,  Southold  t.,  Suffolk  co., 
N.  V.,  233  s.  s.  E.  Albany,  313  W.  It  contains 
a  church,  and  20  or  25  scattered  dwellings. 

Matteson,  t.,  Branch  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1 
sch.  15  scholars.     Pop.  170. 

Mauch  Chunk,  p-t.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa., 
92  n.  e.  by  e.  Harrit-burg,  200  W.  The  t.  be- 
longs chiefly  to  the  Lehigh  navigation  and  coal 
company.  The  surface  is  mountainous ;  soil, 
gravel.  Drained  by  Beaver,  Mauch  Chunk, 
Nesquihoning  and  Kettle  creeks,  and  Room  run. 
It  contains  several  villages,  connected  with  the 
coal  business.  Mauch  Chunk  v.  is  situated  on 
the  w.  bank  of  Lehigh  r.,  in  a  deep  and  romantic 
ravine,  between  rocky  mountains,  which  rise  in 
some  parts  precipitously,  800  or  1,000  feet  above 
the  stream.  It  contains  5  churches — 1  Presby- 
terian, 1  Episcopal,  1  Dutch  Relbrmed,  1  Metho- 
dist, and  1  Roman  Catholic — 7  stores,  30J  dwell- 
ings, and  about  1,800  inhabitants.  About  1,2j0 
of  the  inhabitants  are  employed  in  mining  and 
shipping  coal,  and  there  is  little  agricultural  cul- 
tivation in  the  neighborhood,  the  provisions  being 
brought  from  an  average  distance  of  20  miles. 
An  inclined  plane,  70U  leet  long,  rising  200  feet, 
and  a  railway,  9  ms.  long,  extends  to  the  great 
coal  mine.  About  3J  acres  have  been  worked 
from  this  single  vein,  and  have  produced  more 
than  1,200,000  tons.  Here  is  a  village  called 
Coalville,  of  40  dwellings,  occupied  by  miners. 
Below  Mauch  Chunk  the  coal  is  conveyed  by 
the  Lehigh  canal.  The  t.  has  7  stores,  cap. 
$4!, 000  ;  3  lumber  yards,  cap.  $7,000 ;  1  printing 
office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $23,0ol>.  6  sch.  365  scholars. 
Pop.  2,193. 

Mauchport,  p-v.,  Harrison  co.,  la.,  141  s. 
Indianapolis,  635  W. 

Maulding's  Mills,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  111.,  147 
s.  e.  Springfield,  766  W. 

Maumee,  r.,  O.,  rises  in  the  n.  e.  part  of  In- 
diana, and  flowing  n.  e.,  enters  Lake  Erie, 
through  Maumee  bay.  It  is  formed  by  the  junc- 
tion of  Little  St.  Joseph's,  St.  Mary's,  and  Great 
and  Little  Auglaize  rivers,  is  about  100  ms.  long, 
and  for  50  ms.  from  its  mouth,  70  rods  wide.  It 
is  navigable  for  schooners  and  steamboats,  18 
ms.  to  Perrysburg.  In  the  spring  and  fall,  it  is 
boatable  18  ms.  above  Perrysburg  to  Fort  Wayne. 
It  furnishes  extensive  water  power.  The  Wa- 
bash and  Erie  canal  is  constructed  along  its 
banks.  The  country  on  its  borders  is  very  pro- 
ductive. 

Maumee  City,  p-v.,  Lucas  co.,  O.,  124  n.  n. 
w.  Columbus,  455  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side 
of  Maumee  r.,  at  the  foot  of  the  rapids,  at  the 
head  of  navigation  from  the  Lake,  for  small  craft. 
A  side  cut  here  connects  the  canal  with  the  r. 
It  contains  several  stores  and  warehouses,  and  a 
considerable  number  of  dwellings.  Pop.  840. 
It  is  designed  to  remove  obstructions  in  the  r.,  so 
as  to  open  a  steamboat  navigation  to  this  place. 


It  is  laid  out  on  an  extensive  scale,  and  promises 
to  be  a  place  of  importance. 

Maurice,  r.,  Gloucester  co.,  N.  J.,  rises  in 
Deptford  t.,  and  Franklin  t.,  and  flows  into  Dela- 
ware bay.  It  is  navigable  for  20  ms.  for  vessels 
Of  80  or  100  tons.  It  has  fine  embanked  mea- 
dows on  its  borders,  and  excellent  oysters  are 
taken  at  its  mouth.  In  its  upper  part  it  affords 
water  power. 

Maurice  River,  t.,  Cumberland  co.,  N.  J.,  20 
s.  e.  Bridgeton.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  sandy, 
excepting  on  the  streams,  where  loam  and  clay 
are  found.  Drained  by  Tuckahoe  and  Tarkill 
creeks,  tributaries  of  Maurice  r.,  which  bounds  it 
on  the  w.  Delaware  bay  bounds  it  on  the  s.  It 
has  several  villages  on  Maurice  r.  There  ore  in 
the  t.  6  stores,  cap.  $20,750 ;  2  glass  houses,  7 
grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $43,060. 
8  sch.  230  scholars.     Pop.  2,143. 

Mauricetown,  p-v.,  Downe  t.,  Cumberland 
co.,  N.  J.,  75  s.  by  w.  Trenton,  187  W.  It  is 
situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Maurice  r.,  10  or  12 
ms.  from  its  mouth,  and  contains  1  Methodist 
church,  an  academy,  a  store,  and  20  dwellings, 
many  of  them  neatly  built  of  brick. 

Maury,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  a  little  s. 
w.  of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  570  sq. 
ms.  Drained  by  Duck  r.  and  numerous  tributa- 
ries. Capital,  Columbia.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  2:2,614,  sheep  27,291,  swine  105,175; 
wheat  131,0^7  bush,  produced,  rye  13,619,  Ind. 
corn  2,512,612,  oats  2i8,358,  potatoes  24,616, 
tobacco  51,376  pounds,  cotton  2,0J  1,676 ;  34  stores, 
cap.  $221,300;  2  cotton  fac.  796  sp.,  10  tanneries, 
3J  distilleries,  23  grist  m.,  20  saw  m.,  2  printing 
offices,  2  weekly  and  2  periodical  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $59,555.  1  college,  85  stu- 
dents, 7  acad.  326  students,  23  sch.  7j3  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  17,090,  slaves  10,002,  free  coi'd  94 ; 
total,  23,i86. 

Mavais,  p-o.,  Gasconade  co.,  Mo.,  28  e.  Jef- 
ferson City,  964  W. 

Maxatavvnv,  t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  74  n.  e.  Har- 
risburg,  165  W.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  cal- 
careous loam  and  gravel,  and  highly  productive. 
Drained  by  Maiden  cr.  and  its  tributary,  Sa- 
cony  cr.,  which  afford  water  power.  The  v.  of 
Kutztown  in  the  t.,  contains  1  Lutheran  church, 
3  stores,  and  100  dwellings.  There  is  another 
church  in  the  t.,  common  to  Presbyterians  and 
Lutherans.  There  are  in  the  t.  3  stores,  cap. 
$13,000,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$800.     Pop.  1,8J7. 

Maxfield,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  3Ie.,  112  n.  n. 
w.  Augusta,  707  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted 
to  grain.  Watered  by  Piscataquis  r.  and  Seboois 
stream.  It  has  4  saw  m.  (Jap.  in  manufac. 
$5,500.    4  sch.  83  scholars.    Pop.  185. 

Maxville,  p-v.,  Sussex  co.,  N.  J. 

Maxwell's  Store,  p-o.,  Mecklenburg  co., 
N.  C,  165  w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  404  W. 

May,  (cape)  N.  J.  Situated  on  the  n.  e.  side  of 
Delaware  bay,  in  33°  56'  n.  lat.,  and  74°  56'  w. 
Ion.  A  light-house  stands  on  the  point.  It  received 
its  name  from  Cornelius  May,  a  Dutch  navigator, 
who  visited  the  bay  in  1623. 

Maybinton,  p-v.,  Newberry  dist.,  S.  C,  45 
w.  Columbia,  488  W. 

Mayfield,  p-t.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  52  s.  Au- 
gusta, 657  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  side  of  Kenne- 
bec r.,  10  ms.  distant  from  it.  Incorporated  iu 
1836.  It  has  1  saw  m.,  2  sch.  60  scholars.  Pop.  148 

Mayfield,  p-t.,  Fulton  co.,  N.  Y.,  8  n.  e. 
Johnstown,  53  n.  w.  Albany,  422  W.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  and  mountainous  ;  soil,  sandy  and 
clay  loam.  Drained  by  branches  of  Sacandaga 
r.    The  v.  contains  1  church,  1  store,  25  dwell- 


MA.Y 


394 


MEC 


ings,  and  about  150  inhabitants.  There  are  in 
the  t.  4  stores,  cap.  $9,300  ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  cotton 
fac,  2  tanneries,  2  paper  fac,  4  grist  m.,  18  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $66,854.  13  sch.  536 
scholars.     Pop.  2,615. 

Mayfield,  p-o.,  Isle  of  Wight  co.,  Va.,  81  s. 
e.  Richmond,  197  W. 

Mayfield,  p-v.,  capital  of  Graves  co.,  Ky., 
275  w.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  802  W.  Situated  on  a 
branch  of  May  field's  r.  It  contains  a  court  house 
and  jail  of  brick,  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist 
church,  3  stores,  25  dwellings,  and  about  150  in- 
habitants. 

Mayfield,  p-t.,  Cuyahoga  co.,  O.,  161  n.  n.  e. 
Columbus,  319  W.  Watered  by  Chagrine  r.,  on 
which  is  situated  the  v.  of  Gates'  Mills.  It  con- 
tains 2  grist  m.  and  8  saw  m.  The  t.  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $2,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tan- 
neries, 2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$5,400.    6  sch.  280  scholars.    Pop.  851. 

Mayfield,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  Ga.,  35  K.  n.  e. 
Milledgeville,  636  W.  Situated  on  e.  side  of 
the  Ogeechee  r.    It  has  3  or  4  dwellings. 

Mahew,  p-o.,  Lowndes  co:,  Miss.,  157  n.  e. 
Jackson,  900  W. 

Mayo,  p-o.,  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  143  s.  w.  Rich- 
mond, 230  W. 

Mayoning,  p-v.,  Patrick  co.,  Va.,  217  w.  s.  w. 
Richmond,  292  W.  Situated  on  a  branch  of  IN. 
Mayo  r. 

May  River,  p-o.,  Beaufort  dist.,  S.  C,  164  s. 
Columbia,  651  W. 

May's  Landing,  p-v.,  Hamilton  t.,  capital  of 
Atlantic  co.,  N.  J.,  73  s.  Trenton,  183  W.  Situ- 
ated on  Great  Egg  Harbor  r.,  at  the  head  of 
sloop  navigation,  16  ms.  from  the  ocean.  It  is 
built  on  both  sides  of  the  r.,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  1  Methodist  church,  4  stores,  and  about  30 
dwellings.  Ship  building  is  carried  on  here.  It 
has  considerable  trade  in  wood  and  lumber. 

May's  Lick,  p-o.,  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  70  e.  n.  e. 
Frankfort,  473  W. 

Maysville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Buckingham  co., 
Va.,  79  w.  Richmond,  15S  W.  Situated  on  the  s. 
E.  side  of  Slate  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  5 
stores,  and  about  300  inhabitants. 

Maysville,  p-v.,  Greenbrier  co.,  Va.,  232  w. 
Richmond,  269  W. 

Maysville,  t.,  Morgan  co.,  O.  It  has  2  grist 
m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000.  6  sch. 
175  scholars.    Pop.  1,159. 

Maysville,  city,  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  81  n.  e.  by 
E.  Frankfort,  461  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  s. 
side  of  Ohio  r.,  on  a  narrow  bottom  between  the 
r.  and  the  high  hills  which  rise  in  its  rear.  It 
has  3  streets,  running  parallel  with  the  r.,  and  4 
crossing  them  at  right  angles.  It  contains  3 
churches,  1  acad.,  70  students,  3  sch.  200  scholars, 
about  5JO  dwellings,  and  2,741  inhabitants.  It 
has  a  good  harbor  for  boats.  Most  of  the  goods 
imported  into  the  n.  e.  part  of  the  state  are  landed 
here.  There  were  in  1840,  9  commission  houses, 
cap.  $111,600;  29  stores,  cap.  $133,000;  2  lum- 
ber yards,  cap.  $10,500  ;  1  cotton  fac.  1,100  sp., 
1  tannery,  1  brewery,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  2 
printing  offices,  3  weekly  and  1  semi-weekly 
newspapers.     Cap.  in  rnanufac.  $94,300. 

Maysville,  p-v.,  Dickson  co.,  Tenn.,  49  w. 
Nashville,  733  W. 

Maysville,  p-v.,  Fountain  co.,  la.,  84  w.  n. 
w.  Indianapolis,  642  W. 

Maysville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Clay  co.,  111.,  122 
s.  E.  Springfield,  733  W.  Situated  on  the  border 
of  Twelve  Mile  prairie,  near  the  Little  Wabash 
r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  3  stores,  and  about 
25  dwellings. 

Mayville,  p-v.,    Chautauque    t.,    capital   of 


Chautauque  co.,  N.  Y.,  344  w.  by.  s.  Albany» 
339  W.  Situated  at  the  n.  end  of  Chautauque 
lake.  It  contains  a  neat  court  house,  and  jail  of 
stone,  4  churches,  an  academy,  8  stores,  80  dwell- 
ings, and  about  500  inhabitants.  A  steamboat 
plies  on  the  lake,  32  ms.  between  this  place  and 
Jamestown. 

Maytown,  p-v.,  Donnegal  t.,  Lancaster  co., 
Pa.,  30  s.  e.  by  e.  Harrisburg,  108  W.  Situated 
3  ms.  n.  e.  of  Susquehanna  r.  It  has  several 
stores,  and  about  30  dwellings. 

Medois  Farm,  p-o.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.,  60  e. 
Columbus,  345  W. 

Mead,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  n.  part  of 
the  state,  on  Ohio  r.,  and  contains  360  sq.  ms. 
Watered  by  Otter  cr.,  Spring  cr.,  and  other  small 
tributaries  of  the  Ohio.  Capital,  Brandenburg 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,714,  sheep 
7,045,  swine  12,586;  wheat  41.5J7  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  2,208,  Ind.  corn  199,223,  oats  75,529, 
potatoes  9,199,  tobacco  170,464  pounds ;  17  stores, 
cap.  $59,400;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $1,980;  1 
fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  1,370  sp., 
2  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  5  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m., 
5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $103,150.  10  sch. 
257  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,366,  slaves  1,409, 
free  col'd  5 ;  total,  5,780. 

Mead,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  pottery, 
1  paper  fac,  1  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $6,900.  1  college,  143  students,  1  sch.  20 
scholars.     Pop.  1,697. 

Mead,  t.,  Belmont  co.,  O.  Situated  a  little  w. 
of  Ohio  r.  Drained  by  Pipe  cr.,  which  affords 
water  power.  It  has  3  sch.  81  scholars.  Pop. 
1,496. 

Mead's  Basin,  p-o.,  Passaic  co.,  N.  J.,  73  n.  n. 
e.  Trenton,  244  W. 

Mead's  Creek,  p-o.,  Orange  t.,  Steuben  co., 
N.  Y.,  211  w.  by  s.  Albany,  300  W. 

Meadowville,  p-v.,  Smith  co.,  Tenn.,  55  e. 
n.  E.  Nashville,  653  W.  It  contains  1  church,  1 
store,  and  several  dwellings. 

Meadville,  p-b.,  and  capital  of  Crawford  co., 
Pa.,  234  n.  w.  by  w.  Harrisburg,  307  W.  Situ- 
ated on  the  E.  side  of  French  cr.  The  town  plat 
gradually  rises  from  the  r.  to  its  centre,  where  is 
a  handsome  public  square  of  5  acres,  on  the  e. 
side  of  which  is  an  elegant  court  house,  of  brick 
and  cut  stone,  ornamented  with  a  handsome  cu- 
pola. It  contains  7  churches,  1  Baptist,  1  Epis- 
copal, 2  Presbyterian,  1  Cumd  do.,  1  Methodist, 
1  Unitarian,  an  academy,  and  a  state  arsenal. 
It  is  the  seat  of  Alleghany  College,  which  was 
founded  in  1815,  has  a  president,  and  4  professors 
or  other  instructors,  100  students,  and  8,000  vols, 
in  its  libraries :  a  portion  of  the  students  adopt 
the  manual  labor  system.  It  has  14  stores,  cap. 
$104,300;  1  fulling  mill,  2  furnaces,  3  tanneries, 
1  distillery,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  news- 
papers, 1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$30,055.    3  schools,  163  scholars.     Poo.  1,319. 

Meadville,  p-v.,  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  136  s.  w. 
Richmond,  223  W. 

Meadville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Franklin  co.,  Miss., 
80  s.  w.  Jackson,  1,090  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Homochitto  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
and  a  few  dwellings. 

Meansville,  p-v.,  Union  dist.,  S.  C,  81  It.  w. 
Columbia,  475  W. 

Mears  Farm,  p-o.,  Hamilton  co.,  O.,  130  s.  w. 
Columbus,  504  W. 

Mecca,  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  180  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 314  W.  It  has  7  sch.  244  scholars.  Pop. 
684. 

Mechanic,  t.,  Holmes  co.,  O.  It  has  4  grist 
m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,416.  Pop. 
1,403. 


MKC 


395 


MED 


Mechanic  Grove,  p-o.,  Clarke  co.,  Ala.,  1-26 
s.  Tuscaloosa,  918  W. 

Mechanicsburg,  p-b.,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  9 
x.  Carlisle,  6  s.  w.  Harrisburg,  105  W.  It  con- 
tains a  church,  and  about  100  dwellings.  Incor- 
porated in  18.23.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $25,000  ;  1 
tannery,  3  distilleries,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper,  9  flouring  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
raanufac.  $14,845.  4  sch.  200  scholars.  Pop. 
670. 

Mechanicsburg,  p-v.,  Goshen  t.,  Champaign 
co.,  O.,  3(5  w.  by  n.  Columbus,  429  W.  Situated 
near  the  head  of  Little  Darby  cr.,  and  contains 
5  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  35  dwellings,  and 
253  inhabitants. 

Mechanicsburg,  p-v.,  Giles  co.,  Va.,  248  w. 
Richmond,  3JS  W. 

Mechanicsburg,  p-v.,  Sangamon  co.,  111.,  15 
k.  Springfield,  765  W.  Situated  in  a  prairie,  near 
Clear  cr. 

Mechanics  Falls,  p-v.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me. 

Mechanics  Hill,  p-o.,  Moore  co.,  N.  C,  79 
s.  w.  Raleigh,  353  W. 

Mechanicstown,  p-v.,  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  89 
N.  w.  Annapolis,  60  W. 

Mechanicstown,  p-v.,  Fox  t.,  Carroll  co.,  O., 
135  e.  n.  e.  Columbus. 

Mechanicsville,  p-v.,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  82  s. 
s.  w.  Montpelier,  465  W. 

Mechanicville,  p-v.,  Stillwater  t.,  Saratoga 
co.,  N.  Y.,  19  n.  Albany,  339  W.  Situated  on 
the  w.  side  Hudson  r.  and  contains  2  churches, 
5  stores,  1  cotton  fac,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  1 
plaster  in.  The  Champlain  canal  passes  through 
it. 

Mechanicsville,  p-o.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  104  e. 
Harrisburg,  166  W. 

Mechanicsville,  p-v.,  Louisa  co.,  Va.,  70  n. 
w.  Richmond,  114  W. 

Mechanicsville,  p-v.,  Sumter  dist.,  S.  C,  78 
E.  Columbia,  504  W. 

Mechanicsville,  p-v.,  Jasper  co.,  Ga.,  45  w. 
Mil'.edgeville,  652  W.  Situated  H  ms.  e.  of  the 
Ocmulgee  r. 

Mkchanicsville,  p-v.,  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn., 
30  s.  e.  Nashville,  630  W. 

Mechanicsville,  p-v.,  Kemper  co.,  Miss. 

Mechisses,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  157  e. 
by  n.  Augusta,  743  W.  Situated  on  both  sides 
of  E.  Machias  r.  which  affords  extensive  water 
power.  The  v.  at  the  falls  is  at  the  head  of  tide- 
water, and  contains  various  mills,  and  Washing- 
ton Academy,  which  has  an  edifice  50  by  38 
feet,  2  stories  high,  a  library  and  philosophical 
apparatus,  and  a  productive  fund  of  $14,000. 
The  t.  contains  12  stores,  cap.  $5J,000  ;  1  fulling 
m.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  14  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $46,150.  1  acad.  161  students,  8  sch. 
460  scholars.     Pop.  1,395. 

Mecklenburg,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  s. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  640  sq.  ms.  Staun- 
ton and  Dan  rivers  unite  in  the  w.  part  of  this  co., 
to  form  the  Roanoke  r.,  by  which,  and  its  tributa- 
ries, it  is  watered.  Meherin  r.  forms  its  n. 
boundary.  Capital,  Boydton.  There  were  in 
1340,  neat  cattle  13,933,  sheep  14,109,  swine 
31,938  ;  wheat  77,444  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
472,345,  oats  224,107,  potatoes  25,107,  tobacco 
4,124,131  pounds,  cotton  19,054;  30  stores,  cap. 
$303,400  ;  1  furnace,  4  tanneries,  17  flouring  m., 
32  grist  m.,  19  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $45,925. 
1  college,  80  students,  7  acad.  186  students,  15 
sch.  334  scholars.  Pop.  whites  7,754.  slaves 
11,915,  free  col'd  1,055;  total,  20,724. 

Mecklenburg,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  to- 
ward the  s.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  900 
sq.  ras.    Catawba  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border,  by 


branches  of  which  it  is  watored.  Surface  undu- 
lating, soil,  very  productive.  It  contains  several 
rich  gold  mines.  Capital,  Charlotte.  There 
were  in  1340,  neat  cattle  18.541,  sheep  19,519, 
swine  33,065;  wheat  78,315  bush,  produced, 
rye  2,005,  Ind.  corn  536,923,  oats  61,407,  potatoes 
14,442,  cotton  1,505,327  pounds  ;  32  stores,  cap. 
$179,738 ;  2  smelting  houses  for  gold,  9  tanneries, 
15  distilleries,  11  flouring  m.,  23  grist  m.,  32  saw 
m.,  1  printing  office,  1  bindery,  1  weekly  news- 
paper. Cap.  in  manufac.  $16,603.  1  college, 
31  students,  5  acad.  181  students,  25  sch.  475 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  11,850,  slaves  6,322,  free 
col'd  101 ;  total,  18,273. 

Mecklenburg,  p-v.,  Hector  t.,  Tompkins  co., 
N.  Y.,  174  w.  by  s.  Albany,  307  W.  It  contains 
3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  and  1 
Methodist — 3  stores,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1 
clothier's  works,  1  tannery,  1  pump  fac,  1  buck- 
skin mitten  and  glove  fac,  50  dwellings,  and 
about  350  inhabitants. 

Mecklenburg,  p-v.,  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  12  e. 
by  s.  Knoxville,  183  e.  Nashville,  503  W.    Situ-f 
ated  on  the  e.  side  of  Holston  r.,  a  little  above 
the  junction  of  French  Broad  r. 

Mecosta,  county,  Mich.  In  the  central  part 
of  the  state,  drained  by  the  Maskegon  r.  and 
branches.    It  is  unorganized. 

Medfield,  p-t.,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  21  s.  s.  w. 
Boston,  425  W.  Watered  by  Charles  and  Stop 
rivers.  Chartered  in  1650.  The  v.  contains  1 
Congregational,  1  Unitarian,  and  1  Baptist  church, 
and  about  40  dwellings.  One  mile  e.  of  the  v.  is 
one  of  the  oldest  houses  in  New  England,  which 
was  known  to  be  standing  when  most  of  the  t. 
was  burned  by  the  Indians  in  1676.  It  is  one 
story  high,  with  a  steep  roof,  sufficiently  high  for 
2  other  stories.  It  is  a  curious  relic  of  antiquity. 
The  t.  has  2  stores,  cap.  $3,000 ;  6  grist  m.,  5 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,000.  3  sch.  190 
scholars.    Pop.  883. 

Medford,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  5  n.  w. 
Boston,  445  W.  Situated  at  the  head  of  naviga- 
tion, on  Mystic  r.  The  soil  is  fertile  and  highly 
cultivated.  It  contains  many  fine  country  seats. 
It  has  considerable  ship  building.  The  v.  con- 
tains 4  churches — 1  Congregational,  1  Unitarian, 
1  Methodist,  and  1  Universalist.  The  Middlesex 
canal  passes  through  the  t.  There  are  9  3tores, 
cap.  $27,600 ;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $35,000 ;  1 
tannery,  1  distillery,  1  pottery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $117,037.  1  acad. 
48  students,  8  sch.  579  scholars.    Pop.  2,473. 

Medford,  p-v.,  Evesham  t.,  Burlington  co.,  N. 
J.,  31  s.  e.  Trenton,  155  W.  It  contains  1  large 
Friends  church,  4  stores,  and  about  40  dwellings. 

Medicinal  Springs,  p-o.,  Walker  co.,  Ga., 
209  n.  w.  Milledgeville,  630  W. 

Medicine  Creek,  p-o.,  Livingston  co.,  Mo., 
151  n.  w.  Jefferson  City,  1,045  W. 

Medina,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  425  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  the  head  waters  of  Black  and  Rocky  rivers. 
The  surface  is  moderately  uneven,  and  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Capital,  Medina.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  19,265,  sheep  31,450,  swine  20,939; 
wheat  219,433  bush,  produced,  rye  5,339,  Indian 
corn  188,460,  buckwheat  5,320,  b.iriey  3,175,  oats 
133,563,  potatoes  112,664,  sugar  325,501  pounds  ; 
31  stores,  cap.  $103,900;  1  furnace,  8  fulling  m., 
1  woollen  fac,  17  tanneries,  1  distillery,  14  grist 
m.,  51  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  news- 
papers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $107,923.  2  acad.  99 
students,  97  sch.  3,743  scholars.     Pop.  18,352. 

Medina,  p-v.,  Ridgeway  t.,  Orleans  co.,  N. 
Y.,  262  w.  by  n.  Albany,  397  W.  Suuated  on 
the  Erie  canal,  at  the  junction  of  Oak  Orchard 


MET 


396 


MEN 


cr.,  which  is  used  as  a  feeder.  Incorporated  in 
1832.  It  contains  5  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1 
Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Roman 
Catholic — 15  stores,  6  warehouses,  3  flouring  m., 

3  saw  m.,  1  tannery,  1  brewery,  1  furnace,  1 
clothier's  works,  130  dwellings,  and  about  800 
inhabitant*. 

Medina,  p-t.,  and  capital  of  Medina  co.,  O.,  117 
N.  e.  by  n.  Columbus.  351  W.  The  v.  is  situated 
on  a  commanding  eminence,  and  contains  a  hand- 
some brick  court  house,  in  which  the  public  offi- 
ces are  kept,  a  brick  jail,  2  churches,  10  stores, 
cap.  $34,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  distillery,  3  grist  m., 

4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,200.  2  sch.  147 
scholars.  Pop.  675.  There  are  in  the  t.,  exclu- 
sive of  the  v.,  1  store,  cap.  $1,000 ;  2  fulling  m., 

1  woollen  fac,  1  distillery,  5  sch.  199  scholars. 
Pop.  896. 

Medina,  p-t.,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  81  s.  w. 
Detroit,  510  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to 
grain.     It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $3,700 ;  1  distillery, 

2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.   6  sch.  165  scholars.    Pop.  760. 

Medon,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  Tenn.,  146  w.  s.  w. 
Nashville,  831  W. 

Medway,  p-t.,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  23  s.  w. 
Boston,  413  W.  Watered  by  Charles  r.,  which 
affords  good  water  power.  The  v.  contains  3 
stores,  3  cotton  fac,  1  woollen  fac,  and  40  dwell- 
ings. The  t.  contains  4  churches — 2  Congrega- 
tional, 1  Unitarian,  and  1  Baptist.  Incorporated 
in  1713.  The  t.  has  8  stores,  cap.  $12,">50;  6 
cotton  fac  2,859  sp.,  4  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $36,800.  3  acad.  150  students,  8  sch. 
495  scholars.     Pop.  2,043. 

Medway,  v.,  Liberty  co.,  Ga.  Situated  on  the 
stage  road  from  Savannah  to  Darien,  and  con- 
tains a  church  and  several  dwellings. 

Medybemps,  p  o.,  Washington  co.,  Me. 

Meegisse,  county,  Mich.  Situated  on  the  e. 
of  Grand  Traverse  bay.  It  contains  several  lakes 
and  small  streams.     (Unorganized.) 

Meek's  Hill,  p-o.,  York  dist.,  S.  C,  86  n. 
Columbia,  437  W. 

Meesville,  p-v.,  Roane  co.,  Tenn.,  142  e.  by 
s.  Nashville,  551  W. 

Meherin,  r.,  Va.,  rises  in  Charlotte  co.,  and 
running  e.  through  several  counties,  enters  N. 
C,  and  unites  with  Nottaway  r.  to  form  Chowan  r. 

Mehoopany,  p-o.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  160  n.  w. 
Harrisburg. 

Meigs,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  s.  e.  part 
of  the  state,  bounded  E.  by  Ohio  r.,  and  contains 
425  sq.  ms.  Watered  by  Shade  and  Leading 
creeks.  Organized  in  1819.  Capital,  Chester. 
There  were  in  1340,  neat  cattle  9,747,  sheep 
16,360,  swine  12,427 ;  wheat  93,535  bush  prod., 
Indian  corn  193,327,  oats  72,059,  potatoes  34,903  ; 
35  stores,  cap.  $44,350 ;  1  fulling  m.,  9  tanneries, 
1  distillery,  2  flouring  m.,  21  grist  m.,  39  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $106,720.  82  sch.  2,601  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  11,452. 

Meigs,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  s.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  215  sq.  ms.  The 
Tennessee  r.  bounds  it  on  the  w.  Surface,  hilly  ; 
soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Decatur.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat,  cattle  5,163,  sheep  4,242,  swine  17,141 ; 
wheat  26,926  bush,  produced,  rye  2,108,  Indian 
corn  307,789,  oats  51,362,  potatoes  4,038,  tobacco 
19,565  pounds,  cotton  10,773 ;  12  stores,  capital 
$30,550;  1  forge,  7  tanneries,  28  distilleries,  15 
grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $25,708. 
14  sch.  245  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,498,  slaves 
234,  free  col'd  12 ;  total,  4,794. 

Meigs,  t.,  Adams  co.,  O.  Situated  a  few  miles 
N.  E.  of  West  Union.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $4,200 : 
1  furnace,  1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac $1,450.    1  sch.  24  scholars.    Pop.  1,063. 


& 


s.  Columbus,  333 

Meigsville,  p-v.,  Jackson  co.,  Tenn.,  82  e.  by 
n.  Nashville,  639  W.  Situated  on  w.  side  of 
Cumberland  r. 

Meleck's  Mills,  p-o.,  Perry  co.,  O.,  54  e. 
Columbus,  365  W. 

Mellonville,  p-v.,  Claverack  t.,  Columbia 
co.,  N.  Y.,  37  s.  Albany,  349  W.  It  contains  1 
church,  1  store,  2  flouring  m.,  1  carpet  fac,  and  a 
few  dwellings. 

Melmore,  p-v.,  Eden  t.,  Seneca  co.,  O.,  82  n. 
Columbus,  416  W.  Situated  on  the  N.  bank  of 
Honey  cr. 

Melrose,  p-v.,  Clarke  co.,  111.,  152  e.  s.  e. 
Springfield,  636  W.  It  contains  about  20  dwell- 
ings. 

Meltonsville,  p-v.,  Anson  co.,  N.  C,  160  s. 
w.  by  w.  Raleigh,  454  W. 

Meltonsville,  p-v.,  Marshall  co.,  Ala.,  169 
n.  E  Tuscaloosa,  637  W. 

Melvin  Village,  p-v.,  Strafford  co.,  N.  H., 
49  e.  by  s.  Concord,  530  W. 

Memphis,  p-v.,  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  230  w.  s.  w. 
Nashville,  915  W.  Situated  on  an  elevated 
bluff  on  the  Mississippi  r.,  immediately  below  the 
mouth  of  Wolf  or  Loosahatchie  river.  It  is  regu- 
larly laid  out,  and  contains  4  churches — 1  Pres- 
byterian, 1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Roman 
Catholic — 1  academy,  3  printing  offices,  each 
issuing  a  weekly  newspaper,  53  stores,  550  dwell- 
ings, and  3,300  inhabitants.  Its  commerce  is  ex- 
tensive, being  equal  to  that  of  any  town  between 
St.  Louis  and  New  Orleans.  A  railroad  is  in 
operation  to  Lagrange,  a  part  of  the  Charleston 
and  Memphis  railroad. 

Memphis,  p-v.,  Lewis  co.,  Mo.,  184  N.  by  e. 
Jefferson  City,  951  W. 

Memphremagog,  lake,  Vt.,  is  between  30  and 
40  miles  long,  and  from  2  to  3  miles  wide,  and 
lies  mostly  in  Canada,  only  7  or  8  miles  of  the 
s.  end  being  in  Vt.  It  covers  about  15  sq.  miles 
in  Vt.,  and  receives  Clyde,  Barton,  and  Black 
rivers.  Its  waters  are  discharged  through  St. 
Francis  r.  into  Lake  St.  Peters,  an  expansion  of 
St.  Lawrence  r.,  15  miles  below  the  mouth  of 
Sorell  r.  On  an  island,  2  miles  within  the  Can- 
ada line,  is  found  a  quarry  of  novaculate,  known 
by  the  name  of  "  magog  oil  stone,"  which  is  in 
high  repute. 

Menallen,  p-t.,  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  43  s.  w.  Har- 
risburg, 89  W.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $12,500;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  distillery,  8  flouring  m.,  8  grist  m., 
23  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,000. 
11  sch.  440  scholars.     Pop.  2,269. 

Menallan,  t.,  Fayette  co.,  Pa.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap!  $5,300 ;  1  tannery,  1  pottery,  3  grist  m.,  5 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,870.  5  sch.  169 
scholars.     Pop.  1,377. 

Menan,  Petit,  or  Little  Menan  island,  Me., 
lies  off  the  harbor  of  Steuben,  in  the  Atlantic,  3 
s.  s.  e.  Goldsborough  harbor.  It  has  a  light- 
house, the  tower  of  which  is  25  feet  high.  Grand 
Menan,  a  large  island,  lies  off  Passamaquoddy 
bay,  and  is  in  the  British  dominions. 

Menases  Gap,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  Va.,  136  n.  by 
w.  Richmond,  79  W. 

Menard,  county,  111.  Situated  a  little  n.  w. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  260  square 
miles.  Drained  by  Sangamon  r.  and  its  branches. 
Capital,  Petersburg.  There  were  in  1-440,  neat 
cattle  7,096,  sheep  6,244,  swine  23,000 ;  wheat 
21,671  bush,  produced,  Indian  corn  399,900,  oats 
55,150,  potatoes  13,352,  tobacco  2,190  pounds  :  6 
stores,  cap.  $25,300;  2  woollen  fac,  3  distilleries, 
3  flouring  m.,  7  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac $20,100.     17  sch.  407  scholars.    Pop.  4,431. 


MEN 


397 


MER 


Mendham,  p-t,  Morris  co.,  N.  J.,  56  n.  Tren- 
ton, 233  W.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  on  the  n. 
mountainous ;  soil,  clay  and  calcareous  loam. 
Drained  hy  head  waters "of  the  n.  branch  of  Ran- 
tan  r.,  and  hy  branches  of  Whippany  r.  The  v. 
contains  ]  Presbyterian  church,  a  boarding  school 
for  boys,  3  stores,  1  grist  m.,  and  about  50  dwell- 
ings.    There  are  in  the  t.  4  stores,  cap.  $8,200; 

1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fee.,  1  cotton  fee.  308  sp., 

2  tanneries,  4  distilleries,  2  grist,  m.,  1  saw  rn. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $29,800.  3  acad.  95  students, 
5  schools  183  scholars.     Pop.  1,378. 

31  en  don,  t.,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  8  E.  Rutland,  47 
s.  Montpelier.  The  surface  is  mountainous  ;  soil, 
cold,  and  adapted  to  grazing.  Incorporated  in 
1804,  by  the  name  of  Parkerstown.  Drained  by 
branches  of  Otter  Creek  r.  It  has  1  tannery,  9 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $19,075.  6  sch.  185 
scholars.     Pop.  545. 

Mendon,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  33  s.  w. 
Boston,  406  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  broken  ; 
soil,  generally  fertile.  Watered  by  Mill  and 
Blackstone  rivers.  There  are  9  churches — 3  Con- 
gregational, 2  Restorationist,  1  Free-will  Baptist, 
2  Friends,  and  1  unoccupied.  The  v.,  at  the  cen- 
tre, contains  3  churches,  and  about  50  dwellings. 
It  is  on  a  commanding  eminence,  with  a  fine 
prospect  to  the  e.  The  t.  is  the  oldest,  except 
Lancaster,  in  the  co.,  having  been  chartered  in 
1667.  Blackstone  canal  crosses  the  s.  w.  part. 
It  has  10  stores,  capital  $17,800 ;  5  fulling  m.,  4 
woollen  fac,  6  cotton  fac.  19,008  sp.,  1  printing 
office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  5  grist  m.,  6  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $420,075.  2  acad.  58  students, 
10  sch.  215  scholars.     Pop.  3,524. 

Mendon,  p-t.,  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  s.  Roches- 
ter, 210  w.  by  N.  Albany,  356  W.  The  surface 
is  undulating;  soil,  argillaceous  and  calcareous 
loam.  Drained  by  Honeoye  and  Irondequoit 
creeks.  The  v.,  situated  on  the  latter,  was  in- 
corporated in  1833,  and  contains  1  Presbyterian 
and  1  Baptist  church,  an  academy,  3  stores,  1 
grist  m.,  35  dwellings,  and  about  250  inhabitants. 
There  are  in  the  t.  7  stores,  cap.  $27,000 ;  1  full- 
ing m.,  2  woollen  fac,  1  furnace,  2  tanneries,  1 
grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $117,616. 
2  acad.  309  students,  22  sch.  1,178  scholars.  Pop. 
3,435. 

Mendon,  p-o.,  Mercer  co.,  O.,  123  w.  n.  w. 
Columbus,  495  W. 

Mendon,  p-o.,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  75  s.  w. 
Detroit,  515  W. 

Mendon,  p-v.,  Adams  co.,  HI.,  116  w.  Spring- 
field, 834  W. 

Mentor,  p-t.,  Lake  co.,  O.,  169  n.  e.  Colum- 
bus, 355  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  shore  of  Lake 
Erie.  First  settled  in  1797.  It  has  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $  1,1 35.  13  sch.  556  schl's.  Pop.  1,245. 

Menomonee,  r.,  Mich.,  rises  in  the  country  s. 
of  Lake  Superior,  and  runs  e.  by  s.  about  100 
ms.,  and  enters  Green  Bay.  It  forms  the  s. 
boundary  of  the  upper  peninsula,  separating  it 
from  Wisconsin. 

Menomonef.,  t.,  Milwaukee  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  59. 

Mentz,  t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y.,  8  n.  n.  w.  Au- 
burn, 156  \v.  Albany.  The  surface  is  undulat- 
ing; soil,  a  fertile  gravelly  and  sandy  loam. 
Watered  by  Owasco  inlet  and  Seneca  r.,  which 
bounds  it  w.  and  n.  The  Erie  canal  passes 
through  its  centre,  crossing  Owasco  inlet  by  a 
stone  aqueduct.  Montezuma  salt  works  lie  a 
little  n.  of  the  canal,  and  are  connected  with  it 
by  a  side  cut.  It  has  25  stores,  cap.  $65,450 ;  2 
commission  houses,  cap.  $4,000 ;  4  fulling  m.,  2 
woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  3  grist  m., 
10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $135  052.  20  sch. 
1,326  scholars.     Pop.  4,215. 


Mequanego,  t.,  Milwaukee  co.,  Wis.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $5,500.     Pop.  172. 

Mequon  Rivkr,  po,  Washington  co ,  Wis., 
97  k.  by  n.  Madison,  819  W. 

Mercer,  county,  N.  J.  Situated  in  the  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  260  sq.  ms.  Dela- 
ware r.  bounds  it  on  the  s.  w.  Drained  by  As- 
sunpink  cr.  and  its  branches,  which  flow  into 
Delaware  r.,  and  by  a  head  branch  of  Millstone 
r.,  which  flows  into  Raritan  r.  Capital,  Trenton. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,036,  sheep 
8,642,  swine  12,758;  wheat  43,486  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  48,399,  Ind.  corn  179,739  buckwheat 
32,852,  barley  1,767,  oats  216,888,  potatoes  57,531 ; 
106  stores,  cap.  $397,950;  8  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$62,500 ;  3  furnaces,  5  fulling  m.,  4  woollen  fac, 
7  cotton  fac.  6,500  sp.,  4  dyeing  and  printing  estab., 
13  tanneries,  11  distilleries,  1  brewery,  1  pottery, 
1  rope  fac,  9  flouring  m.,  23  grist  m.,  22  saw  m., 
3  oil  m.,  3  paper  fac,  6  printing  offices,  4  binde- 
ries, 3  weekly  and  1  semi-weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $997,355.  8  acad.  279  students, 
49  sch.  1,472  scholars.     Pop.  21,502. 

Mercer,  county,  Pa.  Situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  850  sq.  ms.  The  sur- 
face is  uneven  ;  soil,  fertile,  adapted  to  grain,  but 
better  to  grazing.  Watered  by  Shenango  cr. 
and  its  branches,  by  Mahoning  r.,  and  by  Deer, 
Sandy,  and  Slippery  Rock  creelvs.  Capital,  Mer- 
cer. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  63,337, 
sheep  47,006,  swine  47,006 ;  wheat  310,015  bush, 
produced,  rye  89,877,  Ind.  com  254,218,  buck- 
wheat 112,817,  barley  1,324,  oats  442,865,  pota- 
toes 331,655,  sugar  121,214  pounds ;  95  stores,  cap. 
$217,193;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $1,200;  19  full- 
ing m.,  5  woollen  fac,  35  tanneries,  12  distilleries, 
3  potteries,  3  printing  offices,  3  weekly  newspa- 
pers, 1  flouring  m.,  73  grist  m.,  128  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $66,545.  2  acad.  150  students,  207 
sch.  7,746  scholars.     Pop.  32,373. 

Mercer,  county,  Va.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  540  sq.  ms. 
New  River  runs  on  its  e.  border.  Drained  by 
Blue  Stone,  and  East  r.,  and  Lick  cr.,  which  flow 
into  New  r.  Capital,  Princeton.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,999,  sheep  3,825,  swine 
5,166;  wheat  13,229  bush,  produced,  rye  4,711, 
Ind.  corn  56,254,  buckwheat  1,175,  oats  28,265, 
potatoes  7,901,  tobacco  3,373  pounds,  sugar  8,242 ; 
1  store,  cap.  $4,500 ;  13  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $65,395.  1  sch.  24  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
2,127,  slaves  98,  free  col'd  8  ;  total,  2,233. 

Mercer,  county,  Ky.  Centrally  situated  to- 
ward the  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  225  sq. 
ms.  Drained  by  the  head  waters  of  Salt  r.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  Capital,  Harrodsburg.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  16,778,  sheep  29,052, 
swine  49,032 ;  wheat  99,305  bush,  produced,  rye 
36,431,  Ind.  corn  3,397,406,  oats  181,039,  potatoes 
23,531,  tobacco  64,747  pounds,  sugar  12,314  ;  35 
stores,  cap.  $187,650;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  3  cotton  fac.  1,040  sp.,  9  tanneries,  6  distille- 
ries, 1  powder  m.,  9  flouring  m.,  49  grist  m.,  21 
saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $163,299.  2  colleges,  24  stu- 
dents, 3  acad.  140  students,  30  sch.  726  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  13,061,  slaves  5,286,  free  col'd  373; 
total,  18,720. 

Mercer,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  576  sq.  ms.  The  sur- 
face is  level ;  soil,  verv  fertile.  Stones  are  rarely 
found  on  the  surface".  Drained  by  St.  Mary's 
and  Wabash  rivers,  and  their  tributaries.  Capi- 
tal, Celina.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
4,224,  sheep  1,449,  swine  6,907;  wheat  18,596, 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  156,6J3,  oats  31,937, 
potatoes  11,948;  24  stores,  cap.  $35,720;  1  wool- 


MER 


398 


MER 


len  fac,  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  I 
in  manufac.  $14,000.  12  sch.  400  scholars.  Pop. 
8,277. 

Mercer,  county,  111.  Situated  toward  the  n. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  on  the  Mississippi  r.,  and 
contains  550  sq.  ms.  Drained  by  Edwards  and 
Pope  rivers,  and  the  n.  fork  of  Henderson's  r. 
In  the  middle  and  E.  parts  are  extensive  prairies. 
There  are  large  tracts  of  timber  along  the  Missis- 
sippi r.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  the  soil 
very  fertile.  Capital,  Millersburg.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,072,  sheep  1,683,  swine 
9,339;  wheat  27,103  bush,  produced,  rye  1,701, 
Ind.  corn  111,430,  oats  20,506,  potatoes  11,852, 
sugar  1,735  pounds;  10  stores,  cap.  $23,850;  2 
woollen  fac,  1  distillery,  2  grist  in.,  11  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $22,525.  15  sch.  320  scholars. 
Pop.  2,352. 

Mercer,  p-t.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  34  K.  n.  w. 
Augusta,  627  W.  Sandy  r.  runs  through  its  n. 
w.  corner.  It  has  2  large  ponds  connected  to- 
gether, on  its  s.  border,  on  the  margin  of  one  of 
which  is  a  pleasant  village.  Incorporated  in 
1804.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain.  It 
has  2  stores,  cap.  $1,400 ;  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,451.  11  sch.  616  scholars. 
Pop.  1,432. 

Mercer,  p-b.,  Springfield  t.,  capital  of  Mercer 
CO.,  Pa.,  57  n.  by  w.  Pittsburg,  234  w.  n.  w.  Har- 
risburg,  277  W.  Situated  near  Neohannock  cr. 
Incorporated  in  1814.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  an  academy,  4  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1 
Union,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Associate  Reformed — a 
manufactory  of  copperas ;  18  stores,  cap.  $43,220 ; 
2  tanneries,  1  pottery,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,086.  1  acad. 
100  students,  4  sch.  138  scholars.     Pop.  781. 

Mercer,  t.,  Butler  co.,  Pa.  It  has  6  stores, 
cap.  $20,000;  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  2  dis- 
tilleries, 1  potterv,  4  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $10,815.  8  sch.  496  scholars.  Pop. 
1,233. 

Mercer,  p-o.,  Mercer  co„  O.,  119  w.  n.  w. 
Columbus,  499  W. 

Mercersburg,  p-b.,  Montgomery  t.,  Franklin 
co.,  Pa.,  15  s.  w.  Chambersburg,  62  s.  w.  Harris- 
burg,  85  W.  Situated  on  a  branch  of  Coneco- 
cheague  cr.  It  contains  4  churches — 1  Presby- 
terian, 1  combined  Lutheran  and  German  Re- 
formed, 1  Associate  Reformed,  and  1  Methodist — 
6  stores  and  about  160  dwellings.  Incorporated 
in  1831.  It  contains  Marshall  college,  founded 
in  1836,  lias  4  professors  or  other  instructors,  and 
54  students.  Commencement  is  on  the  last 
Wednesday  in  August.  1  acad.  54  students,  7 
sch.  307  scholars.     Pop.  1,143. 

Merchant  Mills,  p-o.,  Nelson  co.,  Va.,  117 
w.  by  n.  Richmond,  169  W. 

Meredith,  t.,  Belknap  co.,  N.  H.,  29  h.  Con- 
cord. Winnipiseogee  lake  bounds  it  on  the  E., 
and  in  the  n.  part  is  a  large  pond  connected  with 
it,  2  ms.  long  and  1  wide,  where  is  a  village 
Great  bay  projects  into  its  s.  part.  Over  the  out 
let  of  Winnipiseogee  lake  is  a  bridge.  Here  is  i 
neat  village,  mostly  in  Guilford,  which  contains 
a  court  house,  an  academy,  a  Congregational 
church,  a  bank,  several  mills  and  manufactories, 
and  about  50  dwellings.  The  t.  has  20  stores, 
cap.  $49,200 ;  3  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m., 
20  sch.  787  scholars.    Pop.  3,351. 

Meredith,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.,  N.  Y.,  6  n. 
Delhi,  79  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  345  W.  The  surface 
is  hilly  and  broken ;  soil,  well  adapted  to  graz- 
ing. Drained  by  Oleout  cr.,  which  flows  w.  into 
the  Susquehanna  r.,  and  small  streams  which 
flow  e.  into  the  w.  branch  of  Delaware  r.  The 
v.  is  situated  on  elevated  ground,  and  contains  1 


Presbyterian  and  1  Baptist  church,  2  stores,  20 
dwellings,  and  about  100  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.  3  stores,  cap.  $12,000 ;  1  fulling  m., 

1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$6,500.     14  sch.  530  scholars.     Pop.  1,640. 

Meredith  Centre,  p-o.,  Meredith  t.,  Belknap 
co.,  N.  H.,  34  n.  Concord,  515  W. 

Meredith  Village,  p-v.,  Meredith  t.,  Bel- 
knap co.,  N.  H.,  37  n.  Concord,  518  W.  Situated 
at  the  outlet  of  Winnipiseogee  lake.  (See  Mere- 
dith.) 

Meredosia,  p-v.,  Morgan  co.,  111.,  53  w.  Spring- 
field, 833  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Illinois 
r.,  6  ms.  above  Naples.  It  is  on  elevated  ground, 
with  a  good  landing.     It  contains  several  stores, 

2  steam  mills,  and  about  50  dwellings.  It  con- 
stitutes the  port  of  Jacksonville. 

Meriden,  p-v.,  Cheshire  co.,  N.  H.,  57  s.  w. 
Concord,  478  W. 

Meriden,  p-t.,  New  Haven  co.,  Ct.,  16  s.  by 
w.  Hartford,  321  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  or 
mountainous;  soil,  generally  fertile.  Watered 
by  Quinnipiac  r.  Incorporated  in  1806.  The  v. 
contains  1  Congregational,  1  Episcopal,  and  1 
Baptist  church,  and  about  40  dwellings.  The  t. 
has  a  great  variety  and  amount  of  manufactures. 
The  Hartford  and  New  Haven  railroad  passes 
through  the  place.  There  are  in  the  t.  8  stores, 
cap.  $23,500 ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  1  tan- 
nery, 1  distillery,  2  paper  fac,  2  grist  m.,  9  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $111,337.  2  acad.  50  stu- 
dents, 12  sch.  397  scholars.     Pop.  1,830. 

Meridian,  p-o.,  Ingham  co.,  Mich. 

Meridian,  p-v.,  Mercer  co.,  111.,  130  n.  w.  by 
N.  Springfield,  859  W. 

Meridian  Springs,  p-v.,  Hinds  co.,  Miss.,  9 
n.  by  w.  Jackson,  1,019  W.  Situated  at  one  of 
the  sources  of  Bogue  Chitto  cr.,  a  branch  of  Big 
Black  r. 

Meridianville,  p-v.,  Madison  co.,  Ala.,  165 
n.  n.  E.  Tuscaloosa,  716  W.  Situated  on  the  n. 
side  of  Flint  r.  The  Meridian  line  of  the  U.  S. 
surveys  of  Northern  Alabama,  passes  through 
this  place. 

Mermentau,  r.,  La.,  drains  the  extensive  prai- 
ries of  southwestern  Louisiana.  After  a  souther- 
ly course  of  200  ms.,  it  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico, 200  ms.  w.  of  the  Mississippi  r.  The  country 
through  which  it  flows  is  covered  with  grass, 
excepting  narrow  lines  of  wood  on  the  r.  Live 
oak  is  found  on  its  borders.  The  r.  passes  through 
a  lake  of  the  same  name.  It  has  but  3  feet  of 
water  on  the  bar  at  its  mouth. 

Merom,  p-v.,  capital  of  Sullivan  co.,  la.,  103  s. 
w.  by  w.  Indianapolis.  Situated  on  the  e.  side 
of  Wabash  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Merrillsville,  p-o.,  Franklin  t.,  Franklin  co., 
N.  Y.,  174  n.  by  w.  Albany,  549  W. 

Merrimac,  r.,  N.  H.,  is  one  of  the  large  riv- 
ers of  New  England.  It  is  formed  by  the  union 
of  Pemigewasset  r.,  which  rises  near  the  Notch 
in  the  White  mountains,  with  Winnipiseogee  r., 
which  proceeds  from  Winnipiseogee  lake.  The 
junction  takes  place  at  Sanbornton,  70  ms.  below 
the  source  of  the  former,  which  is  the  main  stream. 
Its  general  course  is  s.  by  E.  until  it  enters  the  state 
of  Mass.,  where  it  curves  to  a  general  course  of 
nearly  n.  e.  and  e.,  until  it  falls  into  the  Atlantic, 
a  little  below  Newburyport.  It  is  navigable  for 
vessels  of  200  tons  to  Haverhill.  By  means  of 
the  Middlesex  canal  from  Chelmsford  to  Boston 
harbor,  and  canals  and  locks  around  the  falls,  a 
boat  navigation  is  opened  to  Concord,  N.  H. 
Bow  canal,  a  few  miles  below  Concord,  com- 
pleted in  1812,  cost  $20,000;  6  miles  further 
down,  Hookset  canal  cost  $15,000,  overcoming  a 


MER 


399 


MEX 


fall  of  17  feet ;  8  miles  below,  Amoskmg  canal 
cost.  $50,000,  overcoming  a  fall  of  45  feet ;  below 
Amoskeag  canal,  the  r.,  for  9  miles,  is  converted 
into  the  Union  canal,  overcoming  6  distinct  falls  ; 
5  ms.  below  are  CrutnioeWs  falls,  made  passable 
by  a  canal.  The  Union  canal,  including  that  of 
Cromwell's,  cost  $50,000.  15  ms.  below,  in  Mass., 
Wicasee  canal  cost  $14,000;  3  ms.  below  is  the 
entrance  of  the  Middlesex  canal.  There  is  a 
number  of  bridges  over  the  Merrimac. 

31  eh  rim  \c,  county,  IS.  H.  Centrally  situ- 
ated toward  the  s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains 
816  sq.  ms.  Organized  in  1823.  The  surface  is 
uneven,  and  in  the  N.  parts  mountainous;  the 
soil  is  generally  fertile.  Drained  by  Merrimac 
r.  and  its  branches.  Capital,  Concord.  There 
were  in  1340,  neat  cattle  35,911,  sheep  80,506, 
swine  12,235;  wheat  8  \6 12  bush,  produced,  rye 
46,706,  Ind.  corn  183,281,  buckwheat  8,683,  bar- 
ley 5,251,  oats  173,232,  potatoes  685,370,  sugar 
62,940  pounds  ;  113  stores,  cap.  $333,950;  12  full- 
ing m.,  3  woollen  fac,  3  cotton  foe.  11,768  sp.,  35 
tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  glass  foe,  3  potteries, 
42  grist  m.,  105  saw  m.,  I  oil  m.,  5  paper  fac,  10 

firinting  offices,  6  binderies,  1  periodical,  6  week- 
y  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $340,903.  10 
acad.  1,094  students,  273  sch.  10,330  scholars. 
Pop.  36,253. 

Merrimac,  p-t.,  Hillsboro'  co.,  N.  H.,  29  s. 
Concord,  452  W.  Merrimac  r.  bounds  it  on  the 
E.  Drained  by  Souhegan  r.  and  its  branches, 
which  afford  extensive  water  power.  The  sur- 
face is  generally  level;  soil,  in  many  places, 
particularly  on  the  Merrimac,  fertile.  Incorpo- 
rated in  1746.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $12,400 ;  6 
grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufoc.  $1,060.  9 
sch.  351  scholars.     Pop.  1,114. 

Merrimac,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1 
sch.  20  scholars.    Pop.  245. 

Merrimac,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  Mo.  It  has  2 
sch.  40  scholars.     Pop.  751. 

Merrimac,  t.,  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1 
sch.  22  scholars.     Pop.  1,782. 

Merriman,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  Mo.  It  has  3 
sch.  5  J  scholars.    Pop.  1,111. 

Merrymeeting  Bay,  N.  H.,  a  s.  E.  branch  of 
Winnipiseogee  lake,  1,600  rods  long. 

Merrymeeting  Bay,  Me.,  an  expansion  of 
Kennebec  r.,  at  a  junction  of  Androscoggin  river, 
above  Bath. 

Merritt's  Mills,  p-o.,  Cobb  co.,  Ga.,  114 
n.  w.  Milledgeville,  670  W. 

Merrittstown,  p-v.,  Luzerne  t,  Fayette  co., 
Pa.,  191  w.  by  s.  Harrisbnrg,  207  W.  It  is  situ- 
ated on  Duniap's  cr.,  and  contains  1  church,  2 
stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  about  40  dwellings. 

Merrittsville,  p-v.,  Greenville  dist.,  S.  C., 
130  n.  w.  Columbia,  523  W. 

Meriwether,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  400  sq.  miles. 
Flint  r.  runs  on  its  e.  border.  Drained  on  the  e. 
by  branches  of  Flint  r.,  and  on  the  w.  by  branches 
of  Chattahoochee  r.  Capital,  Greenville.  There 
were  in  1810,  neat  cattle  18,593,  sheep  9,121, 
swine  41,844;  wheat  86,430  bushels  produced, 
rye  1,040,  Indian  corn  256,115,  oats  53,779,  pota- 
toes 20,370,  cotton  5,660,222  pounds;  11  stores, 
cap.  $55,000 ;  3  tanneries,  9  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  4 
acad.  155  students,  9  sch.  265  scholars.  Pop. 
whites,  8,725,  slaves  5,301,  free  col'd  16 ;  total, 
14,132. 

Merry  Hill,  p-o.,  Bertie  co..  N.  C,  173  e.  by 
N.  Raleigh,  264  W. 

Merryman's  Shop,  p-o.,  Prince  Edward  co., 
Va.,  92  w.  s.  w.  Richmond,  182  W. 

Merry  Oaks,  p-o.,  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  135  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  656  W. 


Merry  Point,  p  o.,  Lancaster  co.,  Va.,  88  E. 
Riclimond,  1 19  W. 

Mershon's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Laurel  co., 
Ky.,  86  s.  s.  e.  Frankfort,  555  W. 

Mesopotamia,  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  171  n.  e. 
Columbus,  322  W.  It  has  7  sch.  276  scholars. 
Pop.  832. 

Messersville,  p-o.,  Gallia  co.,  O.,  116  s.  E. 
Columbus,  374  W. 

Messongo,  p-o.,  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  213  E. 
Richmond,  182  W. 

Metal,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $8,000 ;  1  furnace,  1  forge,  4  tanneries,  5 
distilleries,  8  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man  il- 
iac. $15,250.    6  sch.  277  scholars.     Pop.  1,113. 

Metamora,  p-o.,  Lucas  co.,  O.,  160  n.  n.  w 
Columbus,  491  W. 

Metamora,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  la.,  62  e.  s.  e. 
Indianapolis,  526  W. 

Metamora,  t.,  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.  It  has  3 
sch.  77  scholars.     Pop.  350. 

3Ietea,  p-v.,  Cass  co.,  la.,  84  n.  Indianapolis, 
622  W. 

Meteteconck,  p-o.,  Monmouth  co.,  N.  J.,  48 
e.  by  s.  Trenton,  209  W. 

Methuen,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  26  n.  by  w. 
Boston,  454  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of  Mer- 
rimac r.  Chartered  in  1725.  The  surface  is  un- 
even ;  soil,  generally  fertile.  Watered  by  Spicket 
r.,  which  has  a  fall  of  3J  feet,  2  miles  above  its 
entrance  into  the  Merrimac,  affording  extensive 
water  power.  The  v.  at  the  falls  contains  3 
churches — I  Congregationalist,  1  Baptist,  and  1 
Universalist — several  mills  and  manufactories, 
and  about  1,000  inhabitants.  The  t.  contains  4 
stores,  cap.  $15,000;  2  cotton  fac.  4,588  spindles, 
1  tannery,  2  paper  foe,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufoc.  $260,500.  10  sch.  650  scholars.  Pop. 
2,251. 

Metropolis  City,  p-v.,  Johnson  co.,  111.,  225 
s.  s.  e.  Springfield,  830  W. 

Metuchin,  p-v.,  Middlesex  co.,  N.  J.,  32  n.  e. 
Trenton,  198  W. 

Mexico,  Gulf  of.  A  great  inland  sea,  between 
N.  and  s.  America,  1,000  ms.  long  and  600  broad, 
containing  660,000  sq.  ms.  That  part  of  it  which 
lies  within  the  United  States,  laves  the  s.  coast  of 
Louisiana,  Mississippi,  and  Alabama,  and  the  w- 
coast  of  Florida. 

Mexico,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  42  w.  s.  w. 
Augusta,  614  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of  An- 
droscoggin r.,  by  tributaries  of  which  it  is  water- 
ed, affording  good  water  power.  Incorporated 
in  1818.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  wheat. 
It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $400 ;  1  tannery.  Cap.  in 
manufactures  $600.  5  sch.  191  scholars.  Pop. 
477. 

Mexico,  p-t.,  Oswego  co.,  N.  Y.,  156  w.  n.  w. 
Albany,  381  W.  The  surface  is  undulating; 
soil,  a  fertile  clay,  and  gravelly  loam.  Drained 
by  Salmon  cr.,  flowing  into  Lake  Ontario,  which 
bounds  it  on  the  n.  The  v.  is  situated  on  Salmon 
cr.,  and  contains  3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1 
Baptist,  and  1  Methodist — an  academy,  5  stores, 
1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  2  tanneries,  1 
clothier's  works,  60  dwellings,  and  about  500 
inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  8  stores,  cap. 
$33,900 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac.,  1  furnace, 
4  tanneries,  5  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $45,950.  1  acad.  164  students,  40 
sch.  1,020  scholars.    Pop.  3,729. 

Mexico,  p-v.,  Juniata  co.,  Pa.,  42  n.  w.  Har- 
risburg,  139  W. 

Mexico,  p-o.,  Tymochtee  t.,  Crawford  co.,  0M 
79  n.  Columbus,  424  W. 

Mexico,  p-v.,  capital  of  Audrain  co.,  Mo.,  47  re. 
Jefferson  City,  922  W.    Situated  on  the  e.  side 


MIC 


400 


MIC 


of  Salt  r.  It  contains  a  court  house  and  a  few 
dwellings. 

Meyer's  Mill,  p-o.,  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  151  w. 
Harrisburg,  163  W. 

Meyerstown,  p-v.,  Jackson  t.,  Lebanon  co., 
Pa.,  31  e.  Harrisburg,  144  W.  It  contains  1  Lu- 
theran church,  4  stores,  and  about  130  dwellings. 

Miami,  r.,  O.,  rises  in  Hardin  co.,  and  after  a 
s.  w.  course  of  100  ms.,  enters  the  Ohio  in  the  s. 
w.  corner  of  the  state.  It  is  200  yds.  wide  at  its 
mouth.  Its  current  is  rapid,  but  it  is  navigated  to 
a  limited  extent  for  75  ms.  Its  waters  are  con- 
nected with  those  of  the  Auglaize,  a  s.  branch  of 
Maumee  r.,  by  a  portage  of  only  5  ms.  It  receives 
many  important  branches,  and  affords  extensive 
water  power. 

Miami,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  w.  part  of 
the  state,  and  contains  410  sq.  ms.  Watered  by 
Miami  r.  and  its  branches.  The  soil  is  fertile  and 
well  cultivated.  Organized  in  1807.  The  Miami 
canal  passes  along  the  w.  bank  of  Miami  r.  through 
the  co.  Capital,  Troy.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  14,957,  sheep  20,659,  swine  24,254; 
wheat  136,159  bush,  produced,  rye  16,926,  Ind. 
corn  531,132,  buckwheat  2,169,  barley  3,383,  oats 
163,281,  potatoes  22,453,  sugar  153,232  pounds  ; 
54  stores,  cap.  $273,000;  3  commission  houses, 
cap.  $3,500 ;  3  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tan- 
neries, 1 1  distilleries,  3  breweries,  1  pottery,  18 
flouring  m.,  21  grist  m.,  45  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.,  4 
printing  offices,  1  bindery,  3  weekly  and  1  peri- 
odical newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $183,400. 
67  sch.  3,625  scholars.    Pop.  19,688. 

Miami,  county,  la.  Situated  toward  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  330  sq.  ms.  The  Wa- 
bash and  Eel  rivers  pass  through  the  co.  from  e. 
to  w.,  and  Mississinewa  r.  enters  the  Wabash 
from  the  s.  They  are  all  navigable  for  light 
boats.  The  surface  is  covered  with  forest  and 
prairie,  and  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  The  Wabash 
and  Erie  canal  passes  through  it.  Capital,  Peru. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,910,  sheep  2,097, 
swine  7,534;  wheat  8,127  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  179,143,  oats  12,437, potatoes  19,735,  tobacco 
1,490  pounds,  sugar  20,548;  14  stores,cap.$  126,900. 
3  tanneries,  2  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  1 
printing  office,  1  weekly  and  1  semi-weekly  news- 
paper. Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,500.  15  sch.  356 
scholars.    Pop.  3,048. 


Miami,  p-v.,  Whitewater  t,  Hamilton  co.,  O., 
119  w.  s.  w.  Columbus,  562  W.  Situated  on  the 
w.  bank  of  Miami  r.,  15  ms.  from  its  mouth.  It 
contains  three  stores,  1  flouring  m.  and  saw  m.,  I 
distillery,  40  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 
There  is  a  bridge  here  across  the  Miami,  and  a 
macadamized  turnpike  to  Cincinnati. 

Miami,  t.,  Hamilton  co.,  O.  Situated  at  the  n. 
bend  of  the  Ohio  r.,  having  the  Ohio  r.  on  its  s. 
border,  and  the  Wabash  on  the  n.  w.  Pop. 
2,189. 

Miami,  t.,  Clermont  co.,  O.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $5,000 ;  1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  1  flouring  m., 
1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $48,750. 
8  sch.  527  scholars.     Pop.  2,063. 

Miami,  t.,  Greene  co.,  O.  Drained  by  Little 
Miami  r.  and  its  branches.  It  has  5  stores,  cap. 
$12,500;  1  distillery,  2  flouring  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $46,200.    Pop.  1,238. 

Miami,  t.,  Logan  co.,  O.  It  has  4  sch.  145 
scholars.     Pop.  1,423. 

Miami,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  O.  It  has  13  sch. 
1,369  scholars.    Pop.  3,259. 

Miami,  p-o.,  Saline  co.,  Mo.,  99  n.  w.  Jefferson 
City,  1,004  W.  The  t.  has  2  sch.  34  scholars. 
Pop.  601. 

Miamisburgh,  p-v.,  Miami  t.,  Montgomery  co., 
O.,  78  w.  by  s.  Columbus,  473  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  bank  of  Miami  r.,  and  on  the  Miami  canal. 
It  contains  2  churches,  17  stores,  3  warehouses, 
a  market  house,  1  cotton  fac,  1  iron  foundry,  1 
brass  foundry,  2  grist  m.,  1  steam  saw  m.,  1  brew- 
ery, 1  tannery,  and  about  150  dwellings.  A  mile 
s.  e.  of  the  v.  is  one  of  the  largest  ancient  mounds 
in  the  state. 

Micosukee,  p-o.,  Leon  co.,  Flor. 

Michaelsville,  p-v.,  Harford  co.,  Md.,  62  n. 
by  e.  Annapolis,  70  W. 

Michigan,  lake,  Mich.  This  is  the  largest 
lake  which  lies  wholly  in  the  United  States,  be- 
ing about  330  miles  long  and  60  broad,  containing 
about  16,981  sq.  ms.  or  10,868,000  acres.  Its  e. 
coast  is  generally  sandy,  but  little  indented  with 
bays  or  inlets.  The  principal  bays  are  Green 
bay,  in  the  n.  w.,  and  Great  and  Little  Traverse 
bays,  on  the  e.  It  is  connected  with  Lake  Hu- 
ron by  the  Straits  of  Mackinac.  Its  waters  are 
deep,  and  it  affords  excellent  fish.  It  contains 
several  islands  in  its  n.  part. 


MICHIGAN. 

Michigan,  one  of  the  western  United  States,  consists  of  two  peninsulas ;  the  principal  of  which, 
or  Michigan  proper,  is  bounded  N.  by  the  Straits  of  Michilimackinac,  which  connect  Lake  Michi- 
gan to  Lake  Huron ;  e.  by  Lake  Huron,  St.  Clair  river,  Lake  St.  Clair,  Detroit  river,  and  Lake 
Erie,  which  separate  it  from  Upper  Canada  ;  s.  by  Ohio'  and  Indiana  ;  and  w.  by  Lake  Michigan. 
This  main  portion  of  the  state  is  238  miles  long,  and,  at  a  medium,  190  miles  broad,  containing 
33,000  square  miles,  or  24,320,000  acres.  But  Michigan  contains  another  and  entirely  distinct 
peninsula,  lying  n.  w.  of  the  former,  bounded  n.  by  Lake  Superior  ;  on  the  E.  by  St.  Mary's  river; 
on  the  s.  by  Lake  Michigan,  Green  Bay,  and  Menomonee  river ;  and  w.  by  Montreal  river,  which 
enters  Lake  Superior.  This  portion  of  the  state  is  about  320  miles  long,  and  from  30  to  160  broad, 
containing  about  23,000  square  miles ;  making  the  whole  territory  of  the  state  about  66,000  square 
miles.  In  1810,  the  population  was  4,528  ;  in  1820,  9,048 ;  in  1830,  31,639  ;  in  1840,  212,267.  Of 
these,  113,395  were  white  males  ;  98,165  do.  females  ;  393  colored  males  ;  314  do.  females.  Em- 
ployed in  agriculture,  56,521 ;  in  commerce,  728  ;  in  manufactures  and  trades,  6,890 ;  navigating 
the  ocean,  24  ;  do.  canals,  lakes,  and  rivers,  166 ;  mining,  40  ;  learned  professions,  904. 

There  were  in  1840,  32  organized  counties,  which,  with  their  population  and  capitals,  were  as 
follows :  Allegan,  1,733,  Allegan ;  Barry,  1,078,  Hastings ;  Berrien,  5,011,  St.  Joseph ;  Branch, 
5,715,  Branch ;  Calhoun,  10,599,  Marshall;  Cass,  5,710,  Cassopolis ;  Chippewa,  534,  Saul t  St. 
Mary;  Clinton,  1,614,  De  Witt;  Eaton,  2,379,  Charlotte;  Genesee,  4,268,  Flint;  Hillsdale, 
7,240,  Jonesville ;  Ingham,  2,498,  Vevay  ;  Ionia,  1,923,  Ionia;  Jackson,  13,130,  Jackson;  Kala 
mazoo,  7,380,  Kalamazoo ;  Kent,  2,587,  Grand  Rapids ;  Lapeer,  4,265,  Lapeer ;  Lenawee,  17,889, 


MIC 401 MIC 

Adrian;  Livingston,  7,430,  Howell;  Macomb,  923,  Mt.  Clemens;  Michilimackinac,  9,716, 
Mackinac :  Monroe,  9,922,  Monroe  ;  Oakland,  23,646  Pontiac ;  Oceana,  208,  Oceana  C.  H. ; 
Ottawa,  496,  Grand  Haven  ;  Saginaw,  892,  Saginaw ;  St.  Clair,  4,606,  St.  Clair;  St.  Joseph, 
7,068,  Centreville;  Shiawassee,  2,103,  Corunna;  Van  Buren,  1,910,  Pawpaw ;  Washtenaw, 
23,571,  Ann  Arbor ;  Wayne,  24,173,  Detroit.    There  are  several  new  counties  unorganized. 

Detroit,  situated  on  the  w.  side  of  the  Detroit  river,  is  the  seat  of  government. 

The  surface  of  the  lower  or  southern  peninsula  is  generally  level,  having  few  elevations  wluch 
may  be  denominated  hills.  The  interior  is  gently  undulating,  rising  gradually  from  the  lakes  to 
the  centre  of  the  peninsula.  This  central  region  may  be  regarded  as  a  table  land,  elevated  about 
300  feet  above  the  level  of  the  lakes,  covered  with  fine  forests  of  timber,  oak  plains,  and  beautiful 
prairies.  Along  the  eastern  shore  of  Lake  Michigan  are  sand  hills,  thrown  by  the  winds  into 
innumerable  fantastic  forms,  sometimes  covered  with  stinted  trees  and  scanty  vegetation,  but  most 
generally  bare.  On  the  shore  of  Lake  Huron  are  some  high  sand  bluffs.  The  point  formed  by 
Lake  Huron  and  Saginaw  bay  is  generally  low  and  swampy.  A  large  part  of  the  soil  of  this 
peninsula  is  fertile,  and  well  adapted  to  the  purposes  of  agriculture.  The  forest  trees  present  a 
great  variety ;  oak,  hickory,  walnut,  ash,  linden,  sugar  maple,  elm,  poplar,  and  pine.  The  soil  is 
well  adapted  to  wheat,  rye,  oats,  barley,  flax,  hemp,  garden  vegetables,  and  grasses.  No  part  of 
die  United  States  is  better  supplied  with  fish,  aquatic  fowls,  and  wild  game.  The  fish  are  chiefly 
the  white  fish  and  salmon  trout,  both  of  which  are  taken  and  put  up  in  large  quantities  for  exporta- 
tion.   The  trout  weigh  from  10  to  70  pounds,  and  the  white  fish  are  equally  large. 

Of  the  northern  peninsula,  Mr.  Schoolcraft  says,  "  portions  of  it  are  the  mere  development  of 
sublime  scenery,  which  appertains  to  that  comparatively  elevated  portion  of  the  continent.  Moun- 
tains and  lakes,  plains,  rivers,  and  forests,  spread  over  it,  with  a  boldness  of  outline,  which  may  be 
said  to  constitute  almost  a  peculiar  type  of  North  American  geography.  This  division  embraces 
the  mineral  district  of  the  region.  Much  of  it  falls  under  the  influence  of  causes  which  render  it  of 
little  or  no  value  in  an  agricultural  point  of  view ;  but  it  may  be  regarded  as  the  seat  of  future  mineral 
operations.  Accuracy  with  respect  to  either  kind  of  soil,  either  in  acres  or  miles,  must  be  the 
result  of  exploration  and  survey.  The  northern  shores  of  Lake  Michigan  and  Huron,  as  far  as 
Point  Detour,  are  exclusively  limestone,  where  rock  is  at  all  visible,  and  this  rock  is  characterized 
by  the  usual  indications  of  gypsum  and  brine  springs.  The  growth  of  trees  in  this  newly 
acquired  boundary  is  as  various  as  the  soils,  and  is,  in  general,  an  accurate  index  of  its  fertility. 
The  sugar  maple  is  interspersed  throughout  the  tract,  being  separated  by  the  sand  plains,  tho 
mountain  masses,  and  by  tracts  of  spruce  lands.  This  tree,  however,  forms  so  considerable  a  por- 
tion of  the  growth,  that  the  natives  can  always,  by  a  timely  removal  of  their  camps,  rely  on  the 
manufacture  of  sugar.  The  beech  tree  is  found  as  far  north  as  Point  Iroquois,  at  the  outlet  of  Lake 
Superior.  I  regard  the  white  oak,  however,  as  a  surer  test  of  climate  and  soil  together,  than  any 
other  of  our  forest  trees.  I  doubt  whether  this  tree  ever  attains  to  its  full  size  in  a  climate  not 
decidedly  congenial  to  agriculture.  The  rock  maple  and  red  oak  are  found,  at  intervals,  through- 
out the  northwest ;  I  have  seen  both  species  at  the  sources  of  the  Mississippi,  but  have  not  observed 
the  beech  north  of  the  locality  mentioned,  nor  the  white  oak  north  of  the  Straits  of  Mackinac.  The 
interior  abounds  in  minor  lakes,  and  enjoys  a  singular  advantage  of  intercommunication  by  streams 
and  portages.  The  areas  included  between  the  three  great  lakes  north  of  Mackinac,  which  will 
probably  hereafter  be  denominated  the  Upper  Peninsula  of  Michigan,  embraces  the  present  settle- 
ments at  Mackinac  and  Sault  St.  Mary.  Taking  the  whole  extent  of  the  annexed  territory  from 
Menomonee  river,  following  the  curves  of  the  coast  to  the  northwest  limits  of  the  state,  the  mouth 
of  Moniaw  or  Montreal  river  of  Lake  Superior,  it  affords  not  less  than  720  miles  of  additional  coast 
navigation ;  and  embraces,  in  the  distance,  several  large  bays  and  excellent  harbors.  About  40 
large  and  60  small  streams  discharge  their  waters  into  the  three  lakes  constituting  portions  of  the 
boundary." 

The  southern  peninsula  of  Michigan  is  drained  by  several  large  rivers  and  numerous  smaller 
streams,  which  rise  near  the  middle  between  the  lakes,  and  pass  off  in  an  easterly  and  westerly 
direction,  with  the  exception  of  the  Cheboigan,  and  three  or  four  smaller  streams,  which  flow  in  a 
northerly  direction.  The  larger  streams  are  navigable  by  boats  and  canoes  nearly  to  their  sources. 
Raisin  and  Huron  rs.  flow  into  Lake  Erie ;  Rouge  into  the  Detroit  strait ;  Clinton  and  Black  rivers 
into  the  Strait  of  St.  Clair.  Saginaw  river,  formed  by  the  junction  of  Titibawassee,  Hare,  Shia- 
wassee, Flint,  and  Cass  rivers,  enters  into  Saginaw  bay.  Thunder  Bay  river  and  Cheboigan,  with 
several  smaller  streams,  flow  into  the  northern  part  of  Lake  Huron.  St.  Joseph,  Kalamazoo,  Grand, 
and  Maskegon  rivers,  and  several  smaller  streams,  flow  in  a  westerly  direction  into  Lake  Michigan. 
The  counties  of  Oakland,  Livingston,  Washtenaw,  Barry,  Jackson,  and  Kalamazoo  abound  with 
small  clear  lakes,  well  stocked  with  fish. 

There  were  in  the  state  in  1840,  30,144  horses  and  mules  ;  185,190  neat  cattle;  99,618  sheep; 
295,890  swine ;  poultry  to  the  value  of  $82,730.  There  were  produced  2,157,108  bushels  of  wheat ; 
127,802  of  barley ;  2,114,051  of  oats;  34,236  of  rye;  113,592  of  buckwheat;  2,277,039  of  Indian 

51 


MIC 402 MIC 

corn;  153,375  pounds  of  wool ;  11,381  of  hops;  4,533  of  wax;  there  were  produced  2,109,205  bush* 
of  potatoes;  130,805  tons  of  hay;  755  of  hemp  and  flax;  1,602  pounds  of  tobacco;  266  of  silk 
cocoons  ;  1,329,784  of  sugar ;  the  products  of  the  dairy  were  estimated  at  $301,052 ;  and  of  the 
orchard  at  $16,075  ;  and  of  lumber  at  $392,325. 

Michigan  lake  is  the  largest  lake  that  lies  wholly  within  the  United  States,  being  360  miles  long 
and  60  broad,  containing  17,000  square  miles,  including  Green  bay,  a  large  branch  of  it  in  the  n.  w. 
The  Straits  of  Michilimackinac,  40  miles  long,  connect  this  lake  with  Lake  Huron.  Saginaw  bay 
is  a  large  branch  of  Lake  Huron,  60  miles  long  by  32  miles  wide. 

Detroit  is  much  the  largest  and  most  commercial  place  in  the  state.  A  large  number  of  steam- 
boats and  other  vessels  ply  between  this  place  and  Buffalo,  and  other  places  on  the  lakes.  The 
other  principal  places  are  Monroe,  on  the  River  Raisin  ;  Pontiac,  on  the  Clinton,  16  miles  n.  w.  of 
Detroit ;  Adrian,  Ypsilanti,  Ann  Arbor,  Kalamazoo,  Marshall,  and  Jackson,  in  the  interior;  and  St. 
Joseph,  on  Lake  Michigan. 

The  exports  of  Michigan  in  1840,  amounted  to  $162,229  ;  and  the  imports  to  $138,610.  There 
were  26  commission  houses  engaged  in  foreign  trade,  with  a  capital  of  $177,500  ;  612  retail  dry- 
goods  and  other  stores,  with  a  capital  of  $2,228,988;  312  persons  employed  in  the  lumber  trade, 
with  a  capital  of  $45,600 ;  453  persons  employed  in  the  fisheries,  (lake,)  with  a  capital  of  $28,640. 

The  amount  of  home-made  or  family  manufactures  was  $113,955;  there  were  16  fulling  mills, 
and  4  woollen  manufactories,  employing  37  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $9,734,  and 
employing  a  capital  of  $34,120 ;  15  furnaces,  producing  601  tons  of  cast  iron,  employing  99  persons, 
and  a  capital  of  $60,800 ;  1  paper  mill,  employing  6  persons,  produced  $7,000,  with  a  capital  of 
$20,000 ;  12  persons  manufactured  tobacco  to  the  amount  of  $5,000,  with  a  capital  of  $1,750  ;  hats 
and  caps  were  produced  to  the  amount  of  $30,463,  and  straw  bonnets  to  the  amount  of  $659,  em- 
ploying 42  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $20,007  ;  38  tanneries  employed  99  persons,  and  a  capital  of 
$70,240;  101  other  manufactories  of  leather,  as  saddleries,  &c,  produced  articles  to  the  amount  of 
$192,190,  with  a  capital  of  $69,202;  1  glass  house  employed  34  persons,  producing  articles  to  the 
amount  of  $7,322,  with  a  capital  of  $25,000 ;  3  potteries  employed  4  persons,  producing  articles  to 
the  amount  of  $1,100,  with  a  capital  of  $625  ;  3  persons  produced  confectionery  to  the  amount  of 
$3,000,  with  a  capital  of  $1,200  ;  67  persons  produced  machinery  to  the  value  of  $47,000  ;  7  per- 
sons produced  hardware  and  cutlery  to  the  amount  of  $1,250;  1  person  manufactured  the  precious 
metals  to  the  amount  of  $5,000 ;  6  persons  manufactured  granite  and  marble  to  the  amount  of 
$7,000  ;  298  persons  produced  brick  and  lime  to  the  amount  of  $68,913 ;  6  persons  produced  78,100 
pounds  of  soap,  and  57,975  pounds  of  tallow  candles,  with  a  capital  of  $6,000 ;  34  distilleries  pro- 
duced 337,761  gallons,  and  10  breweries  produced  308,696  gallons,  the  whole  employing  116  per- 
sons, and  a  capital  of  $124,200 ;  59  persons  produced  carriages  and  wagons  to  the  amount  of 
$20,075,  with  a  capital  of  $13,150;  93  flouring  mills  produced  202,880  barrels  of  flour,  and,  with 
other  mills,  employed  1,144  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $1,832,363,  with  a  capital 
of  $2,460,200  ;  vessels  were  built  to  the  amount  of  $10,500;  65  persons  manufactured  furniture  to 
the  amount  of  $22,494,  with  a  capital  of  $28,050 ;  39  brick  or  stone  houses,  and  1,280  wooden 
houses,  were  erected,  and  employed  1,978  persons,  and  cost  $571,005  ;  28  printing  offices,  2  bind- 
eries, 6  daily,  and  26  weekly  newspapers,  and  1  periodical,  employed  119  persons,  and  a  capital 
of  $62,900.    The  whole  amount  of  capital  employed  in  manufactures  was  $3,112,240. 

The  Michigan  University,  at  Ann  Arbor,  has  departments  of  literature,  science,  and  the  arts, 
of  law,  and  of  medicine.  It  is  designed  to  have  academic  branches  spread  over  the  state,  and 
they  have  been  already  established  at  Detroit,  Pontiac,  Monroe,  Niles,  Kalamazoo,  Grand  Rapids, 
Jackson,  White  Pigeon,  and  Tecumseh.  This  institution  has  been  well  endowed  by  large  grants 
of  lands.  Marshall  College,  at  Marshall,  has  been  established ;  and  St.  Philip's  College,  near 
Detroit,  is  a  Catholic  institution.  These  institutions  had,  in  1840,  158  students.  There  were  in 
the  state  12  academies,  with  485  students ;  and  975  common  and  primary  schools,  with  29,701 
scholars.  There  were  in  the  state  2,173  white  persons  over  20  years  of  age  who  could  neither 
read  nor  write. 

In  1836,  the  Presbyterians  had  42  churches  and  19  ministers ;  the  Baptists  had  17  churches  and 
1 1  ministers ;  the  Roman  Catholics  1  bishop  and  18  ministers  ;  the  Episcopalians]  1  bishop  and  4 
ministers  ;  and  the  Methodists  were  considerably  numerous. 

At  the  commencement  of  1840,  there  were  in  this  state  9  banks,  and  1  branch,  with  an  aggre- 
gate capital  of  $1,229,200,  and  a  circulation  of  $261,296.  At  the  close  of  1840,  the  state  debt 
amounted  to  $6,011,000. 

The  governor  and  lieutenant-governor  are  chosen  at  the  same  time,  for  2  years,  by  the  people. 
The  senators  are  chosen  for  2  years,  and  one  half  of  them  annually,  and  they  consist  of  one  third 
the  number  of  representatives.  The  representatives  are  chosen  annually,  and  their  number  can- 
not be  less  than  48  nor  more  than  100,  and  are  with  the  senators  apportioned  among  the  counties, 
according  to  the  number  of  white  inhabitants.  The  judges  of  the  supreme  court  are  appointed  by 
the  governor,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  senate,  for  the  term  of  7  years.    Judges  of  inferior 


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403 


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courts  are  elected  by  the  people  for  4  years.  Every  white  male  citizen,  over  21  years  of  age,  who 
has  resided  six  months  next  preceding  election  in  the  town  where  his  vote  is  offered,  has  the 
right  of  suffrage.  Slavery,  lotteries,  and  the  sale  of  lottery  tickets,  are  prohibited.  The  legislature 
meets  annually  at  Detroit  until  1847,  when  the  seat  of  goverment  will  be  permanently  fixed. 

Michigan  has  projected  and  commenced  an  extensive  system  of  internal  improvements.  The 
Central  railroad  extends  from  Detroit  44  miles  to  Ann  Arbor,  and  when  completed  is  designed  to 
extend  194  miles  to  St.  Joseph,  on  Lake  Michigan.  The  Erie  and  Kalamazoo  railroad  extends 
from  Toledo  33  miles  to  Adrian.  This  road  is  designed  to  be  continued  until  it  meets  the  Central 
railroad,  which  it  will  leave  at  Kalamazoo  and  terminate  at  Allegan.  The  whole  distance  from 
Toledo  to  Kalamazoo  is  183  miles.  The  Ypsilanti  and  Tecumseh  railroad  leaves  the  Central  rail- 
road at  Ypsilanti,  and  connects  with  the  Erie  and  Kalamazoo  railroad  at  Tecumseh,  25  miles. 
The  Detroit  and  Pontiac  railroad  extends  from  Detroit  25  miles  to  Pontiac.  Numerous  other  rail- 
roads have  been  laid  out  and  commenced ;  and  also  the  Clinton  and  Kalamazoo  canal  is  designed 
to  unite  the  waters  of  Lake  Michigan  and  St.  Clair.  The  whole  length  is  216  miles,  and  is  esti- 
mated to  cost  $2,250,000.  But  this,  with  several  other  proposed  canals,  are  for  the  present  sus- 
pended. 

The  French  built  a  fort  and  made  a  settlement  at  Detroit  in  1647,  and  subsequently  at  Macki- 
naw. Many  of  the  Hurons,  a  native  tribe  in  this  region,  were  converted  to  the  Catholic  faith  by 
the  Jesuits.  By  the  treaty  of  peace  between  Great  Britain  and  France  in  1763,  this  country  came 
into  the  possession  of  the  English.  The  post  at  Detroit  was  resigned  to  the  United  States  by  the 
English  in  1796.  In  1805  this  state  was  erected  into  a  distinct  territory,  and  a  correspondent  gov- 
ernment was  appointed.  The  British  gained  a 'temporary  possession  of  the  country  in  1812-13, 
but  it  was  soon  recovered  by  the  Americans  under  Gen.  W.  H.  Harrison.  In  1836  Michigan  was 
admitted  to  the  Union. 


Michigan  Centre,  p-v.,  Jackson  co.,  Mich., 
72  w.  Detroit,  540  W. 

Michigan  City,  p-v.,  Laporte  co.,  la.,  157  n. 
n.  w.  Indianapolis.  666  W.  Situated  on  the  s. 
shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of  Trail 
cr.,  and  was  laid  out  in  1835.  It  is  the  only 
harbor  in  this  state.  The  location  is  gene- 
rally healthy,  and  well  situated  for  trade.  It 
contains  3  churches,  10  stores,  5  large  ware- 
houses, 1  flouring  m.,  1  foundry,  a  branch  of  the 
State  Bank  of  Indiana,  and  about  700  inhabitants. 
It  is  the  n.  terminus  of  the  great  Michigan  road, 
and  also  the  proposed  one  of  several  railroads 
and  canals. 

Michigantown,  p-v.,  Clinton  co.,  la.,  42  n.  by 
w.  Indianapolis,  600  W.  Situated  on  the  Michi- 
gan road. 

Michilimackinac,  county  and  strait.  (See 
Mackinaw.) 

Middle,  t.,  Cape  May  co.,  N.  J.  Bounded  w. 
by  Delaware  bay,  and  e.  by  the  Atlantic.  The 
surface  is  level ;  soil,  sand  and  marsh.  Hereford 
inlet  admits  the  Atlantic  into  the  marshes  and 
lagunes  for  4  ms.  w.  Watered  by  Goshen,  Dyer's, 
Green,  and  Fishing  crs.,  which  flow  into  Dela- 
ware bay.  It  has  12  stores,  cap.  $19,000 ;  2  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000.  5  sch. 
328  scholars.     Pop.  1,624. 

Middle  Paxton,  t.,  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  9  N.  E. 
Harrisburg.  The  surface  is  very  mountainous ; 
soil,  gravelly.  Drained  by  Fishing,  Stony,  and 
Clark's  crs.  It  contains  1  church.  Anthracite 
coal  is  found.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $11,500;  1 
furnace,  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  3  grist  m.,  6  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $39,800.  I  sch.  75  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,560. 

Middleborougii,  p-t.,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  40 
s."  by  e.  Boston,  433  W.  It  has  several  ponds,  the 
outlets  of  which  afford  extensive  water  power, 
and  flow  into  Taunton  r.  Incorporated  in  1660. 
It  contains  8  churches — 4  Baptist,  3  Congrega- 
tional, and  1  Methodist.  It  is  15  ms.  long  and  9 
wide,  being  one  of  the  largest  townships  in  the 
state.  It  has  extensive  manufactures.  The  v. 
contains  1  church,  an  academy,  and  about  50 
dwellings.  It  has  8  stores,  cap.  $51,000  ;  1  full- 
ing ra.,  2  cotton  fac.  2,500  sp.,  1  furnace,  2  forges, 


4  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $122,000. 
1  acad.  172stud'ts,40sch.  1,562  sch'ls.  Pop.  5,085. 

Middlebourne,  p-o.,  Oxford  t.,  Guernsey  co., 
O.,  92  e.  Columbus,  301  W. 

MiDDLEnoiTRNE,  p-v.,  capital  of  Tyler  co.,  Va., 
307  n.  w.' Richmond,  275  W.  Situated  on  the  e. 
side  of  Middle  Island  creek.  It  contains  a  court 
house  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Middlf.brook,  p-v.,  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  129  w. 
N.  w.  Richmond,  170  W. 

Middlebrook  Mills,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co., 
Maryland. 

Middleburg,  p-t.,  Schoharie  co.,  N.  Y.,  37  w. 
Albany,  378  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  in 
the  valleys,  calcareous  loam  and  alluvion,  and 
very  fertile.  A  pond,  or  marsh,  called  The  Vly, 
discharges  to  the  n.  a  mill  stream,  which  flows 
into  Schoharie  kill.  From  the  s.  e.  flows  a 
branch  of  Catskill  cr.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the 
e.  side  of  Schoharie  creek,  and  contains  1  Dutch 
Reformed  and  1  Lutheran  church,  5  stores,  1  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  furnace,  1  clothier's 
works,  50  dwellings,  and  about  300  inhabitants. 
There  are  in  the  1. 11  stores,  cap.  $16,300 ;  4  full- 
ing m.,  4  tanneries,  6  grist  m.,  23  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $14,600.  20  sch.  888  scholars.  Pop. 
3,843. 

Middleburg,  p-v.,  Centre  t,  Union  co..  Pa., 
77  n.  Harrisburg,  182  W. 

Middleburg,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  78  n.  w. 
Annapolis,  61  W. 

Middleburg,  p-v.,  Loudon  co.,  Va.,  134  n. 
Richmond,  47  W. 

Middleburg,  p-v.,  Hardiman  co.,  Term.,  169 
s.  w.  by  w.  Nashville,  854  W.  It  contains  1 
church  and  several  dwellings. 

Middleburg,  p-v.,  Casey  co.,  Ky.,  61  s.  Frank- 
fort, 575  W. 

Middleburg,  t.,  Cuyahoga  co.,  O.  Watered 
by  the  e.  branch  of  Rocky  r.,  which  affords  wa- 
ter power,  bv  Baldwin's  cr.,  and  the  outlet  of  a 
pond  called  "Lake  Abraham,  near  the  centre  of 
the  t.  It  contains  the  v.  of  Berea,  where  is  a 
manual  labor  literary  institution.  It  has  1  fur- 
nace, 1  flouring  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$1,000.    4  sch.  83  scholars.    Pop.  399. 

Middleburg,  p-v.,  Zane  t.,  Logan  co.,  O.    Sit- 


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404 


MID 


uated  between  2  head  streams  of  Big  Darby  cr., 
and  contains  4  churches — 1  Episcopal,  1  Method- 
ist, 1  Protestant  Methodist,  and  1  Christian— 3 
stores,  a  steam  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  issuing 
a  weekly  newspaper,  50  dwellings,  and  about  300 
inhabitants. 

Middlebury,  p-t.,  capital  of  Addison  co.,Vt.,  33 
s.  s.  e.  Burlington,  59  s.  w.  Montpelier,  481  W. 
The  surface  is  moderately  uneven  ;  soil,  a  fertile 
clay  loam.  Watered  by  Otter  Creek  r.,  which 
affords  extensive  water  power.  Chartered  in 
1761.  The  v.  is  situated  at  the  falls  on  both  sides 
of  Otter  cr.,  is  irregularly  laid  out,  but  handsome- 
ly built,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  5  church- 
es— 1  Congregational,  1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist,  1 
Baptist,  and  1  Roman  Catholic — a  bank,  and  is 
one  of  the  most  extensive  manufacturing  places 
in  the  state.  Here  is  a  marble  quarry,  on  the 
bank  of  the  creek,  which  affords  some  of  the 
finest  statuary  marble,  and  is  extensively  wrought 
for  various  purposes.  It  is  the  seat  of  Middlebury 
College,  which  was  founded  in  1800,  has  a  presi- 
dent and  7  professors,  or  other  instructors ;  has 
had  758  alumni,  of  whom  245  have  been  minis- 
ters of  the  gospel ;  has  53  students,  (in  1842,)  and 
7,054  vols,  in  its  libraries.  The  commencement 
is  on  the  third  Wednesday  in  August.  The  col- 
lege edifices  are  2,  one  of  them  of  stone,  106  feet 
long,  40  feet  wide,  and  4  stories  high,  containing 
48  rooms  for  students.  There  are  in  the  t.  16 
stores,  cap.  $55,700  ;  6  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac, 

1  cotton  fac.  3,860  sp.,  2  tanneries,  1  furnace,  1 
forge,  2  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  2  weekly 
newspapers,  and  1  periodical,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $172,700.  1  college,  62  students, 

2  acad.  70  students,  12  sch.  400  scholars.  Pop.  3,162. 

Middlebury,  p-t.,  New  Haven  co.,  Ct.,  52  w. 
s.  w.  Hartford,  310  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
rough  ;  soil,  a  coarse  gravelly  loam.  Watered 
by  branches  of  Naugatuck  r.,  and  by  Quassepaug 
pond,  the  outlet  of  which  affords  water  power, 
and  flows  into  Housatonic  river.  Incorporated  in 
1807.  It  has  1  Congregationalist  and  1  Methodist 
church.    It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $6,725  ;  1  tannery, 

3  distilleries,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $22,615.  1  academy  22  students,  6  sch.  138 
scholars.    Pop.  761. 

Middlebury,  p-t.,  Wyoming  co.,  N.  Y.,  247  w. 
Albany,  365  W.  The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  a  fer- 
tile sandy  and  clay  loam.  Drained  by  Allen's  cr., 
and  a  tributary  of  Tonawanda  cr.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $1,800  ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m., 
3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $22,000.  1  acad.  300 
students,  23  sch.  1,154  scholars.     Pop.  2,445. 

Middlebury,  t.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  tan- 
nery, 2  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$10,550.    7  sch.  158  scholars.     Pop.  725. 

Middlebury,  p-v.,  Talmadge  t.,  Summit  co., 
O.,  125  n.  E.  Columbus,  320  W.  Situated  on 
both  sides  of  Little  Cuyahoga  r.,  which  affords 
good  water  power.  It  contains  1  Presbyterian 
church,  an  academy,  7  stores,  2  flouring  m.,  1 
machine  shop,  2  wool  carding  and  cloth  dressing 
fac,  1  sash  fac,  1  cabinet  and  chair  fac,  and  vari- 
ous other  mechanic  shops. 

Middlebury,  t.,  Knox  co.,  O.  It  is  fertile  and 
well  settled.  It  has  8  sch.  233  scholars.  Pop.  1,004. 

Middlebury,  p-v.,  Elkhart  co.,  la.,  162  n.  In- 
dianapolis, 593  W. 

Middle  Creek,  p-t.,  Union  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,000.  Pop. 
562. 

Middle  Creek,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  O.,  113  e. 
Columbus,  302  W. 

Middle  Fabius,  p-o.,  Adair  co.,  Mo. 

Middlefield,  p-t.,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  124 
w.  Boston,  338  W.    The  surface  is  elevated  ; 


soil,  well  adapted  to  grazing.  Watered  by  a 
branch  of  Westfield  river.  Incorporated  in  1783. 
There  are  in  the  t.  4  stores,  cap.  $7,500  ;  6  full- 
ing m.,  2  woollen  factories,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m., 
7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $31,600.  9  sch.  246 
scholars.     Pop.  1,717. 

Middlefield,  p-t.,  Otsego  co.,  N.  Y.,  64  w. 
Albany,  387  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  sandy 
calcareous  loam.  Bounded  on  the  w.  by  Otsego 
lake  and  outlet ;  on  the  E.  by  Cherry  Valley  cr. 
It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $15,300 ;  3  fulling  m.,  4  tan- 
neries, 2  distilleries,  5  grist  m.,  18  saw  m.,  1  oil  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac  $121,340.  2  acad.  58  students, 
17  sch.  820  scholars.    Pop.  3,319. 

Middlefield,  p-o.,  Batavia  t,  Geauga  co.,  O., 
169  n.  e.  Columbus,  328  W. 

Middlefield  Centre,  p-o.,  Middlefield  t., 
Otsego  co.,  N.  Y.,  62  w.  Albany,  373  W. 

Middleford,  p-v.,  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  43  s.  Do- 
ver, 120  W. 

Middle  Fork,  p-o.,  Clinton  co.,  la.,  48  n.  n. 
w.  Indianapolis,  606  W. 
Middle  Fork,  p-o.,  Vermilion  co.,  111. 
Middle  Fork,  p-t.,  Macon  co.,  Mo.,  92  n.  by 
w.  Jefferson  City.  It  has  1  sch.  30  scholars.  Pop. 
535. 

Middle  Granville,  p-v.,  Granville  t.,  Wash- 
ington co.,  N.  Y.,  65  n.  N.  E.  Albany,  435  W.  It 
contains  2  Presbyterian  churches,  3  stores,  1  cot- 
ton factory,  1  grist  m.,  1  tannery,  and  about  50 
dwellings. 

Middle  Grove,  p-o.,  Fulton  co.,  111.,  53  n.  w. 
Springfield,  813  W. 

Middle  Grove,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Mo.,  84  n. 
Jefferson  City,  947  W. 

Middle  Haddam,  p-v.,  Chatham  t.,  Middlesex 
co.,  Ct.,  21  s.  s.  e.  Hartford,  333  W.  Situated  on 
the  E.  side  of  Connecticut  r. 

Middle  Hope,  p-o.,  Newburgh  t.,  Orange  co., 
N.  Y.,  83  s.  by  w.  Albany,  290  W. 

Middle  Island,  p-v.,  Brookhaven  t.,  Suffolk 
co.,  N.  Y.,  211  s.  s.  e.  Albany,  285  W.  It  has  a 
Methodist  church  and  12  or  15  dwellings. 

Middle  Mountain,  p-o.,  Botetourt  co.,  Va., 
192  w.  Richmond,  242  W. 

Middleport,  p-v.,  Royalton  t.,  Niagara  co., 
N.  Y.,  285  w.  by  n.  Albany,  400  W.  Situated 
on  the  Erie  canal,  and  contains  2  churches,  9 
stores,  3  warehouses,  2  flouring  m.,  1  furnace,  2 
tanneries,  1  clothier's  works,  65  dwellings,  and 
about  400  inhabitants. 

Middleport,  p-v.,  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  71  n. 
e.  Harrisburg,  181  W.  It  contains  2  stores,  and 
20  or  30  dwellings,  inhabited  chiefly  by  persons 
connected  with  the  coal  mines  in  the  vicinity. 

Middleport,  p-v.,  Elkhart  co.,  la.,  157  n.  In- 
dianapolis, 608  W. 

Middleport,  p-v.,  Iroquois  co.,  111.,  192  n.  e. 
Springfield,  694  W. 

Middle  River,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Ga.,  120  w. 
Milledgeville,  606  W. 

Middlesex,  county,  Mass.  Situated  in  the  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  800  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  various.  Watered  by 
Merrimac,  Charles,  Mystic,  Sudbury,  Concord, 
and  Nashua  rivers.  The  Middlesex  canal  passes 
through  the  n.  e.  part.  Capitals,  Concord,  Cam- 
bridge, and  Lowell.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  33,706,  sheep  8,351,  swine  20,591 ;  wheat 
9,502  bush,  produced,  rye  61,105,  Ind.  corn  230,473, 
buckwheat  5,974,  barley  28,539,  oats  86,021,  po- 
tatoes 741,851 ;  13  houses  in  foreign  trade,  capital 
$165,000 ;  553  stores,  cap.  $1,383,400  ;  23  lumber 
ards,  cap.  $230,000  ;  2  furnaces,  36  forges,  7  fill- 
ing m.,  18  woollen  fac,  35  cotton  fac.  189,664  sp., 


34  tanneries,  5  distilleries,  1  brewery,  4  powder 
m.,  5  potteries.  2  flouring  m.,  98  grist  m.,  141  saw 


MTD 


405 


MID 


m.,  2  oil  m.,  13  paper  fee,  13  printing  offices,  12 
binderies,  6  periodicals,  8  weekly,  2  semi-weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,215,055.  1 
college,  311  students,  44  acad.  4,014  students,  389 
sch.  24,876  scholars.     Pop.  106,0 1 1 . 

Middlesex,  county,  Ct.  Centrally  situated 
toward  the  s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  342 
sq.  ms.  Watered  by  Connecticut  r.,  which  runs 
centrally  through  it,  and  small  tributaries  which 
enter  it.  The  river  affords  great  facilities  for 
navigation,  and  the  small  tributaries  furnish  wa- 
ter power.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil,  general- 
ly good,  particularly  on  the  r.  Capitals,  Middle- 
town  and  Haddam.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  15,667,  sheep  14,758,  swine  8,494 ;  wheat 
5,463  bushels  produced,  rye  54,224,  Indian  corn 
103,920,  buckwheat  9,169,  barley  941,  oats  40,028, 
potatoes  181,673;  105  stores,  cap.  $508,846;  7 
lumber  yards,  cap.  $62,000  ;  8  fulling  m.,  1  wool- 
len fee,  8  cotton  fee.  7,646  sp.,  1  dyeing  and  print- 
ing estab.,  15  tanneries,  1  powder  m.,  28  grist  m., 
42  saw  m.,  4  printing  offices,  I  bindery,  1  period- 
ical, 2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$871,354.  1  college,  147  students,  7  acad.  328 
students,  123  sch.  5,225  scholars.     Pop.  24,879. 

Middlesex,  county,  N.  J.  Situated  near  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  339  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  on  the  s.  e.  is  level,  on  the  n.  and  n.  e.  it 
is  undulating.  The  soil  is  various,  from  a  light 
sand  to  a  strong  clay,  and  in  some  parts  highly 
cultivated.  Watered  by  Raritan  river  and  its 
branches,  Millstone  r.  and  Railway  r.  Raritan 
bay  forms  an  excellent  harbor,  communicating 
directly  with  the  ocean,  and  with  New  York, 
through  Staten  Island  sound.  Capital,  New 
Brunswick.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
12,992,  sheep  8,310,  swine  11,658  ;  wheat  35,933 
bush,  produced,  rye  60,726,  Ind.  corn  194,474, 
buckwheat  42,231,  barley  1,519,  oats  185,730,  po- 
tatoes 86,965 ;  136  stores,  cap.  $412,500;  5  lum- 
ber yards,  cap.  $32,000 ;  1  cotton  fee,  6  tanne- 
ries, 15  distilleries,  3  potteries,  1  flouring  m.,  21 
rist  m.,  20  saw  m.,  2  paper  fee,  4  pruning  offices, 
binderies,  1  daily,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $441,900.  3  acad.  113  students.  70 
sch.  2,340  scholars.     Pop.  21,893. 

Middlesex,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  170  sq.  ms.  It  lies 
between  the  Rappahannock  and  Piankatank  riv- 
ers, with  Chesapeake  bay  on  the  E.  Capital, 
Urbanna.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,638, 
sheep  2,603,  swine  6,801 ;  wheat  17,027  bushels 
produced,  rye  1,148,  Indian  corn  122,145,  oats 
21,078,  potatoes  7,527,  tobacco  1,350  pounds,  cot- 
ton 2,620 ;  14  stores,  cap.  $25,600 ;  1  tannery,  1 
flouring  m.,  11  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $23,925.  10  sch.  202  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
2,041,  slaves  2,209,  free  col'd  142 ;  total,  4,392. 

Middlesex,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  6  n.  e. 
Montpelier.  It  is  bounded  on  the  s.  w.  by  Onion 
river,  by  the  n.  branch  of  which  it  is  watered. 
The  surface  is  uneven,  and  the  soil,  particularly 
along  the  streams,  is  fertile.  Between  the  t.  and 
More  town,  Onion  r.  passes  through  a  rocky  chasm, 
with  perpendicular  walls,  30  feet  deep,  60  feet 
wide,  and  80  rods  long,  across  which  a  bridge  is 
thrown.  It  is  a  curiosity.  The  v.  is  on  the  s. 
line  of  the  t.,  on  Onion  r.,  and  contains  a  church, 
a  store,  and  several  mills  and  manufactories.  The 
t.  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,000  ;  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,900.  12  sch.  487 
scholars.     Pop.  1,270. 

Middlesex,  p-t.,  Yates  co.,  N.  Y.,  194  w.  Al- 
bany, 323  W.  The  surface  is  slightly  hilly ;  soil, 
a  fertile  gravelly  loam,  well  adapted  to  grain. 
Drained  by  West  cr.,  flowing  into  Canandaigua 
lake,  which  bounds  it  on  the  w.    It  has  1  grist 


m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,550.  12  sch. 
610  scholars.     Pop.  1,439. 

Middlesex,  t.,  Butler  co.,  Pa.  It  has2  stores, 
cap.  $5,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  5  grist  m.,  3  saw  mills. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,825.  9  sch.  345  scholars. 
Pop.  1,692. 

Middlesex,  p-o.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.,  206  n.  e. 
Columbus,  343  W. 

Middlesex  Village,  p-v.,  Middlesex  co., 
Mass.,  23  Boston,  441  W. 

Middle  Smithfield,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  Pa.  It 
has  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.    Pop.  1,144. 

Middle  Spring,  p-o.,  Marion  co.,  O.,  54  N. 
Columbus,  428  W. 

Middle  Swamp, jp-o.,  Gates  co.,  N.  C,  133  e. 
n.  E.  Raleigh,  234  W. 

Middleton,  p-t.,  Strafford  co.,  N.  H.,  38  n.  n. 
e.  Concord,  519  W.  The  surface  is  level,  but 
rough.  Incorporated  in  1778.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$1,000;  1  tannery.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,500. 
4  sch.  155  scholars.    Pop.  482. 

Middleton,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  22  n.  Bos- 
ton, 462  W.  Situated  on  both  sides  of  Ipswich  r., 
which  affords  water  power.  Incorporated  in 
1728.  It  has  a  paper  m.,  which  has  manufactured 
100  tons  of  stock  in  a  year,  producing  to  the 
amount  of  $35,000.    It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $3,000 ; 

1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fee  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$10,000.    4  sch.  200  scholars.    Pop.  657. 

Middleton,  t.,  Wood  co.,  O.  It  has  1  sch.  54 
scholars.    Pop.  193. 

Middleton,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  Miss.,  102  n. 
Jackson,  987  W. 

Middleton,  p-v.,  White  co.,  Ark.,  62  n.  e. 
Little  Rock,  1,083  W. 

Middletown,  p-t.,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  77  s.  s.  w. 
Montpelier,  441  W.  Situated  between  2  moun- 
tains. Watered  by  Poultney  r.,  which  affords 
water  power.  The  soil  is  adapted  to  grazing. 
The  v.  at  the  centre  contains  a  Congregational 
and  a  Baptist  church,  several  stores,  and  a  num- 
ber of  neat  dwellings.  The  t.  has  9  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $9,075.  9  sch.  333  scholars.  Pop. 
1,077. 

Middletown,  t.,  Newport  co.,  R.  I.,  28  s.  by 
e.  Providence.  It  is  the  middle  of  the  3  town- 
ships into  which  Rhode  Island  is  divided.  The 
surface  is  undulating ;  soil,  a  fertile  loam,  and 
highly  cultivated.    Incorporated  in  1743.    It  has 

2  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,800.  5  sch.  148 
scholars.     Pop.  891. 

Middletown,  city,  p-t.,  port  of  entry,  and 
semi-capital  of  Middlesex  co.,  Ct.,  is  pleasantly 
situated  on  the  w.  bank  of  Connecticut  r.,  34  ms. 
above  its  mouth,  in  41°  33'  8"  n.  lat.,  and  72°  39' 
w.  Ion.,  14  s.  Hartford,  24  n.  e.  New  Haven,  35 
n.  w.  New  London,  326  W.  Pop.  1820,  2,618, 
including  the  t.  6,479 ;  1830,  2,965,  including  the 
t.  6,892 ;  1840,  3,511,  including  the  t.  7,010.  The 
ground  rises  gradually  from  the  river,  and  the 
principal  streets  run  parallel  with  it,  and  are 
crossed  by  others  running  at  right  angles  with 
them.  Main-street,  the  principal  street,  is  broad, 
and  has  many  fine  houses  and  stores.  The  city 
is  well  built,  chiefly  of  brick,  and  in  the  back 
parts  are  many  elevated  and  fine  situations,  with 
a  commanding  view  of  the  river  and  surrounding 
country.  It  is  at  the  head  of  ship  navigation,  and 
any  vessels  which  can  cross  the  bar  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river,  can  come  up  to  its  wharves,  which 
have  10  feet  water.  It  has  a  daily  communica- 
tion with  Hartford  and  the  city  of  New  York  by 
steamboats.  A  ferry  boat  connects  the  city  with 
Chatham.  Its  public  buildings  are  a  handsome 
court  house  of  Grecian  architecture,  a  fine  stone 
custom  house,  2  banks,  besides  one  for  savings,  a 
jail,  an  almshouse,  and  7  churches— 2  Congrega- 


MID 


406 


MID 


tional,  1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  1  Uni- 
versalis!, and  1  African.  It  is  the  seat  of  the 
Wesleyan  University,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Methodists,  founded  in  1831.  It  has  a  president 
and  8  professors  or  tutors,  1 10  alumni,  80  students, 
and  6,500  vols,  in  its  libraries.  The  commence- 
ment is  on  the  first  Thursday  in  August.  The 
college  buildings  occupy  an  elevated  position, 
and  command  an  extensive  prospect.  The  insti- 
tution has  a  valuable  philosophical  apparatus,  and 
is  flourishing. 

The  t.  extends  9  ms.  from  n.  to  s.,  and  is  from 
4  to  10  broad.  It  was  settled  in  1636.  It  rests 
chiefly  on  secondary  red  sandstone.  A  range  of 
granite  crosses  Connecticut  r.  a  little  below,  and 
forms  the  basis  of  a  range  of  high  hills.  To  the 
north  of  the  city  is  a  village  called  Middletown 
Upper  Houses.  Middletown  has  considerable 
commerce  and  manufactures.  There  were  in 
1840,  37  stores,  cap.  $269,500 ;  3  lumber  yards, 
cap.  $40,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  cot- 
ton fac.  11,000  sp.,  1  dyeing  and  printing  estab., 
2  tanneries,  1  powder  m.,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  1 
rope  walk,  4  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  2  weekly 
newspapers,  1  periodical.  Capital  in  manufac. 
$379,600.  3  acad.  115  students,  33  sch.  1,268  scho- 
lars.   Tonnage  of  the  port,  14,230. 

Middletown,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.,  N.  Y.,  79  w. 
s.  w.  Albany,  335  W.  The  surface  is  mountain- 
ous ;  soil,  a  sandy  loam,  and  productive.  Drained 
by  Papacton  branch  of  Delaware  r.  It  has  8 
stores,  cap.  $16,300  ;  2  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  7 
grist  m.,  19  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $38,260. 
20  sch.  754  scholars.    Pop.  2,608. 

Middletown,  v.,  Orange  county,  N  .Y.  (See 
South  Middletown.) 

Middletown,  p-t,  Monmouth  co.,  N.  J.,  51  e. 
n.  e.  Trenton,  220  W.  The  surface  on  the  e., 
and  in  the  centre,  is  hilly,  elsewhere  level.  The 
soil  is  loam,  sand,  and  clay,  made  productive  by 
the  use  of  marl.  Sandy  Hook  bay  runs  s.  into 
the  t.,  and  is  bounded  s.  w.  by  the  highlands  of 
Nevisink,  and  on  the  e.  by  the  sand  beach  form- 
ing Sandy  Hook,  extending  6  ms.  n.  from  Shrews- 
bury inlet.  Drained  by  S  wimming  and  Nevisink 
rivers.  The  v.  contains  3  churches — 1  Episcopal, 
1  Dutch  Reformed,  and  1  Baptist — 2  stores,  and 
30  dwellings,  some  of  them  very  neat.  There 
are  in  the  t.  33  stores,  cap.  $48,825 ;  3  lumber 
yards,  cap.  $2,900 ;  2  fulling  m.,  3  tanseries,  8 
distilleries,  11  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $65,250.  1  acad.  60  students,  19  sch.  1,239 
scholars.     Pop.  6,063. 

Middletown,  p-b.,  Swatara  t.,  Dauphin  co., 
Pa.,  10  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  120  W.  Situated  near 
the  junction  of  Swatara  and  Susquehanna  rivers, 
where  the  Pennsylvania  and  Union  canals  unite. 
Incorporated  in  1829.  It  contains  2  churches,  7 
stores,  and  200  dwellings.  It  has  several  neat 
dwellings,  and  fine  stores.  Its  trade  is  considera- 
ble in  grain,  flour,  lumber,  coal,  and  iron. 

Middletown,  t.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  20  n.  n.  e. 
Philadelphia.  The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  clay. 
Watered  by  Neshaminy  cr.,  which  forms  its  w. 
boundary,  a  tributary  of  which  passes  through 
the  t.,  and  Bristol  creek.  It  has  4  stores,  capital 
$15,000 ;  1  acad.  27  students,  2  sch.  17  scholars. 
Pop.  2,124. 

Middletown,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  20  w. 
Philadelphia.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  clay 
and  loam.  Chester  cr.  runs  on  its  w.  boundary, 
and  Ridley  cr.  on  its  e.  border.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $9,300 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  4  cotton 
fac.  4,800  sp.,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $95,500.  5  sch.  126  scholars.  Pop.  1,451. 
Middletown,  t.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.  Drain- 
ed by  Wyalusing  cr.  and  its  branches.    The  sur- 


face is  hilly ;  soil,  gravel  and  clay.  It  has  1  tan- 
nery, 1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,850.  7  sch. 
140  scholars.     Pop.  589. 

Middletown,  p-v.,  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  47 
N.  Dover,  121 W.  Situated  upon  Appoquinimink 
creek. 

Middletown,  p-v.,  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  8  n. 
w.  by  w.  Frederick,  83  n.  w.  Annapolis,  51  W. 
Situated  on  Middle  cr.,  a  branch  of  Catoctin  cr. 

Middletown,  p-v.,  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  158  n. 
n.  w.  Richmond,  87  W.  Situated  on  Meadow 
run,  upon  which  are  several  mills.     It  contains 

2  churches,  5  stores,  an  academy,  and  about  400 
inhabitants,  many  of  whom  are  employed  in  the 
manufacture  of  wagons. 

Middletown,  p-v.,  Hyde  co.,  N.  C.,219E.by 
s.  Raleigh,  404  W. 

Middletown,  p-v.,  Butler  co.,  Ala.,  162  s.  s. 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  904  W. 

Middletown,  p-v..  Lemon  t.,  Butler  co.,  O., 
30  n.  Cincinnati,  90  w.  s.  w.  Columbus,  480  W. 
Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Miami  r.  The  Mi- 
ami canal  passes  through  the  place.    It  contains 

3  churches,  11  stores,  2  pork  houses,  1  woollen 
fac,  1  grist  m.,  1  academy,  150  dwellings,  and 
about  1,000  inhabitants.  There  is  here  a  toll 
bridge  across  the  r. 

Middletown  v.,  Butler  t.,  Columbiana  co.,  O. 
Pop.  27. 

Middletown,  t.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.  It  has 
7  sch.  147  scholars.     Pop.  1,601. 

Middletown,  p-v.,  Jefferson  co.,  Ky.,  42  w. 
Frankfort,  584  W.  It  contains  1  church,  and 
about  200  inhabitants. 

Middletown,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  la.,  44  E.  by  n. 
Indianapolis,  546  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Fall  cr. 

Middletown,  t,  Shelby  co.,  la.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $400.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $710.  Pop.  70. 

Middletown,  p-v.,  Logan  co.,  111.,  20  n.  e. 
Springfield,  792  W. 

Middletown,  p-v.,  Montgomery  co.,  Mo.,  57 
N.  e.  Jefferson  City,  899  W. 

Middletown  Point,  p-v.,  port  of  delivery, 
Middletown  t.,  Monmouth  co.,  N.  J.,  43  e.  by  n. 
Trenton,  209  W.  Situated  on  Middletown  cr.,  3 
miles  from  Raritan  bay,  on  an  elevated  bank,  50 
feet  above  the  stream.  It  contains  a  Presbyte- 
rian church,  a  bank,  10  stores,  and  about  100 
dwellings,  many  of  them  neat.  It  has  consider- 
able trade. 

Middleville,  p-v.,  Fairfield  t.,  Herkimer  co., 
N.  Y.,  82  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  401  W.  Situated  on 
both  sides  of  West -Canada  cr.  It  contains  1 
church,  3  stores,  2  cotton  fac,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw 
m.,  1  cabinet  and  chair  fac,  50  dwellings,  and 
about  300  inhabitants. 

Middleville,  p-o.,  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  154  w. 
by  n.  Detroit,  619  W. 

Middleway,  p-v.,  Jefferson  co.,  Va.,  162  n.  by 
w.  Richmond,  72  W. 

Midland,  county,  Mich.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  settled  portion  of  the  peninsula,  on 
Saginaw  bay,  and  contains  560  sq.  ms.  Water- 
ed by  Titibawassee  r.,  and  Chippewa  r.,  its  trib- 
utary, which  receives  Fine  r.  from  the  s.  Capital, 
Midland. 

Mid  River,  p-o.,  Caroline  co.,  Va.,  57  n.  Rich- 
mond, 76  W. 

Midway,  p-o.,  Davidson  co.,  N.  C,  119  w. 
Raleigh,  330  W. 

Midway,  p-v.,  Barnwell  dist.,  S.  C,  72  s.  s.  w. 
Columbia,  578  W. 

Midway,  p-v.,  Jones  co.,  Ga.,  22  w.  Milledge- 
ville,  657  W. 

Midway,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Tenn.,  164  e.  s.  e. 
Nashville,  544  W. 


MIF 


407 


MIL 


Midway,  p-v.,  Woodford  co.,  Ky.,  20  s.  e. 
Frankfort,  542  W. 

Midway,  p-o.,  Spencer  co.,  la.,  172  s.  s.  w. 
Indianapolis,  699  W. 

Midway,  p-v.,  Barbour  co.,  Ala.,  199  s.  E.  Tus- 
caloosa,  807  W. 

Midway  Inn,  p-o.,  Prince  Edward  co.,  Va.,  85 
w.  s.  w.  Richmond,  175  W. 

Mifflin,  county,  Pa.  Situated  near  the  cen- 
tre of  the  state,  and  contains  900  sq.  miles.  The 
surface  is  uneven  and  mountainous,  but  much  of 
the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Watered  by  Juniata  r., 
along  which  proceeds  the  Pennsylvania  canal. 
Capital,  Lewiston.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  9,933,  sheep  11,323,  swine  15,002;  wheat 
307,696  bush,  produced,  rye  47,466,  Indian  corn 
189,451,  buckwheat  8,619,  oats  227,321,  potatoes 
51,499 ;  47  stores,  cap.  $226,800 ;  4  furnaces,  2 
forges,  2  fulling  m.,  5  woollen  fac,  14  tanneries, 
5  distilleries,  1  brewery,  2  printing  offices,  1 
weekly  newspaper,  24  grist  m.,  61  saw  m  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $227,865.    Pop.  13,092. 

Mifflin,  t.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  dis- 
tillery, 1  pottery,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $9,400.  5  sch.  445  scholars.   Pop.  1,224. 

Mifflin,  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  8  s.  Pittsburg. 
Bounded  on  the  n.  e.  and  s.  e.  by  the  Mononga- 
hela  r.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  loam.  Drained 
by  Thompson's  run,  Strut's  run,  and  Peters  cr., 
which  flow  into  the  Monongahela.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $3,500  ;  4  distilleries,  4  flouring  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $21,900.  5  sch.  180  scholars. 
Pop.  1,654. 

Mifflin,  t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  17  n.  w. 
Carlisle.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  slaty.  The 
Conedogwinit  cr.  bounds  it  on  the  s.,  and  Blue 
mountains  on  the  n.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,000  ; 
2  fulling  m\,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  7  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,900.  8  sch.  310  scholars. 
Pop.  1,412. 

Mifflin,  t.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $26,300 ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  2  flouring 
m.,  2  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$13,478.    5  sch.  148  scholars.     Pop.  2,150. 

Mifflin,  t.,  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  23  n.  e.  Harris- 
burg.  The  surface  is  mountainous  on  the  n.  and 
s. ;  soil,  red  shale.  Mahantango  mountain  bounds 
it  n.,  and  Berry's  mountain  s.  Watered  by  Wi- 
conisco  cr.  It  contains  a  Lutheran  church.  It 
has  7  stores,  cap.  $24,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanner- 
ies, 1  pottery,  5  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  8  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $29,755.  7  sch.  230  scholars. 
Pop.  1,781. 

Mifflin,  p-t.,  Richland  co.,  O.,  5  e.  Mansfield, 
72  n.  by  e.  Columbus,  369  W.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile, and  well  cultivated.    Pop.  1,800. 

Mifflin,  t,  Franklin  co.,  O.  The  soil  is  va- 
rious. Organized  in  1811.  It  has  2  schools  40 
scholars.     Pop.  825. 

Mifflin,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  O.  It  has  3  sch.  98 
scholars.     Pop.  316. 

Mifflin,  t.,  Pike  co.,  O.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $240.  2  sch.  61  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  666. 

Mifflin,  p-v.,  Henderson  co.,  Tenn.,  133  w.  s. 
w.  Nashville,  817  W. 

Mifflinsburg,  p-b.,  Buffalo  t,  Union  co.,  Pa., 
76  n.  Harrisburg,  186  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side 
of  Buffalo  cr.,  and  contains  2  churches — 1  Luther- 
an and  1  Methodist — 5  stores,  90  dwellings,  and 
about  550  inhabitants.  Incorporated  in  1827. 
There  are  in  the  t.  6  stores,  cap.  $35,000 ;  2  tan- 
neries, 2  breweries,  2  potteries.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $9,500.  1  acad.  25  students,  3  sch.  180  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  704. 

Mifflintown,  p-b.,  Fermanagh  t.,  capital  of 
Juniata  co.,  Pa.,  45  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  136  W. 


Situated  on  the  e.  bank  of  Juniata  r.,  and  on  the 
Pennsylvania  canal.  It  contains  1  Methodist 
church,  several  stores,  1  academy,  2  schools  120 
scholars.     Pop.  420. 

Mifflinville,  p-v.,  Mifflin  t.,  Columbia  co., 
Pa.,  103  n.  N.  E.  Harrisburg,  213  W.  Situated 
on  the  s.  E.  side  of  Susquehanna  r.,  and  contains 
1  Lutheran  and  1  Methodist  church,  2  stores,  and 
20  dwellings. 

Mikenauk,  county,  Mich.,  a  central  northern 
co.  It  contains  576  sq.  ms.  It  has  2  lakes,  the 
outlets  of  which  form  the  Maskegon  river.  The 
head  waters  of  the  Au  Sable  also  rise  in  this  co. 
(It  is  unorganized.) 

Milan,  p-t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H.,  118  n.  by  e.  Con- 
cord, 587  W.  The  surface  is  uneven.  Watered 
by  Androscoggin  r.,  and  a  branch  of  Upper  Am-' 
monoosuc  r.  Chartered  in  1771.  It  has  2  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,400.  6  sch. 
151  scholars.    Pop.  336. 

Milan,  p-L,  Dutchess  co.,  N.  Y.,  62  s.  Albany, 
322  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  clay  and 
gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  a  branch  of  Roeliff 
Jansen's  cr.  and  Sawkill  cr.  It  has  5  stores,  cap. 
$11,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  5  grist  m.,  5  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,500.  5  sch.  366  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,725. 

Milan,  p-o.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  149  n.  Harris- 
burg, 259  W. 

Milan,  p-t.,  Erie  co.,  O.,  103  n.  Columbus,  396 
W.  Situated  on  Huron  r.  The  v.  is  on  the  s.  e. 
bank  of  the  r.,  8  ms.  from  Lake  Erie,  on  a  bluff 
60  or  70  feet  above  the  r.,  on  the  site  of  an  old 
Indian  town.  A  ship  canal  is  constructed  to  near 
the  mouth  of  Huron  r.,  8  miles,  by  which  vessels 
can  come  to  the  v.  It  contains  a  brick  church, 
an  academy,  10  stores,  2  saw  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  oil 
m.,  1  carding  machine  and  fulling  m.,  various 
mechanic  shops,  and  about  800  inhabitants. 
There  are  in  the  t.  11  sch.  608  scholars.  Pop. 
1,531. 

Milan,  p-t.,  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  50  s.  w.  De- 
troit, 507  W.  Watered  by  Saline  and  Macon 
rivers.  It  has  1  grist  ra,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $2,900.     1  sch.  28  scholars.    Pop.  363. 

Milan,  p-v.,  Garrard  co.,  Ky.,  52  s.  s.  e.  Frank- 
fort, 550  W. 

Milan,  p-t.,  Calhoun  co.,  111.,  94  s.  w.  Spring- 
field, 835  W.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,000.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $325.   Pop.  2%. 

Milburnton,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  276  e. 
Nashville,  425  W. 

Milbury,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  6  s.  E. 
Worcester,  43  w.  by  s.  Boston,  403  W.  The 
surface  is  elevated :  soil,  fertile.  Incorporated 
in  1813.    Watered  by  Blackstone  r.,  along  which 

Sisses  the  Blackstone  canal.  A  branch  of  the 
oston  and  Worcester  railroad  extends  to  this 
place.  It  has  5  churches— 3  Congregational,  1 
Baptist,  and  1  Methodist — and  3  villages.  It  con- 
tains 5  stores,  cap.  $25,000 ;  11  fulling  m.,  5  wool- 
len fac,  3  cotton  fac.  4,960  sp.,  1  tannery,  1  paper 
fac,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$261,600.  1  acad.  45  students,  10  sch.  462  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  2,171. 

Milbury,  p-v.,  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  87  n.  w.  Har- 
risburg, 179  W. 

Miles,  t.,  Centre  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$6,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  4  grist  m.,  5  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,500.  7  sch.  210  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,198. 

Milestown,  p-v.,  Bristol  t.,  Philadelphia  co., 
Pa.,  104  e.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  144  W.  Pleasantly 
situated  on  a  gentle  hill,  and  contains  2  stores, 
and  about  30  dwellings. 

Milford,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  82  N.  E. 
Augusta,  677  W     Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Pe- 


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408 


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nobscot  r.,  opposite  to  Orono.  Watered  by  Sunk- 
haze  r.,  which  flows  into  the  Penobscot.  It  has 
7  stores,  cap.  $18,000 ;  1  flouring  ra.,  1  grist  m., 
21  saw  rn.,  3  sch.  144  scholars.     Pop.  474. 

Milford,  p-t.,  Hillsboro'  co.,  N.  H.,  33  s.  by 
w.  Concord,  458  W.  Situated  on  both  sides  of 
Souhegan  r.,  which  affords  water  power,  and  on 
which  is  rich  bottom  land.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$10,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $22,200.  11  sch.  367 
scholars.    Pop.  1,455. 

Milford,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  30  s.  w. 
by  w.  Boston,  409  W.  The  surface  is  diversified ; 
soil,  generally  fertile.  Watered  by  Charles  and 
Mill  rivers.  Incorporated  in  1780.  It  has  8  stores, 
cap.  $12,600  ;  1  woollen  fac,  5  grist  m.,  5  saw  ra. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $55,500.  1  acad.  22  students, 
5  sch.  165  scholars.    Pop.  1,773. 

Milford,  p-t.,  New  Haven  co.,  Ct.,  45  s.  s.  w. 
Hartford,  291  W.  The  surface  is  level,  or 
slightly  uneven ;  soil,  productive.  Housatonic 
r.  bounds  it  on  the  w.,  and  Long  Island  sound  on 
the  s.  Watered  by  Wepawaug  r.,  which  affords 
water  power.  The  harbor  is  shallow,  but  admits 
vessels  of  200  tons.  Excellent  oysters  and  clams 
are  taken  on  the  coast.  Beautiful  serpentine 
marble  is  found  here.  The  v.  contains  4  church- 
es, several  stores,  and  about  100  dwellings, 
many  of  them  neat  and  handsome.  The  Wash- 
ington bridge  across  the  Housatonic  connects 
this  place  with  Stratford.  It  has  a  draw,  to  ad- 
mit vessels  which  navigate  to  Derby.  There 
are  in  the  t.  11  stores,  cap.  $16,500;  1  lumber 
yard,  cap.  $2,000 ;  1  tannery,  4  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $330,050.  2  acad.  32  stu- 
dents, 14  sch.  764  scholars.    Pop.  2,455. 

Milford,  p-t.,  Otsego  co.,N.  Y.,  13  s.  Coopers- 
town,  77  w.  Albany,  365  W.  The  surface  is 
hilly  and  broken ;  soil,  in  the  valleys,  a  fertile 
loam,  with  some  alluvion.  Drained  by  Susque- 
hanna r.  and  its  tributaries.  The  v.  is  situated 
on  a  plain,  and  contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1 
Methodist  church,  6  stores,  2  tanneries,  1  saw  m., 
1  fulling  ra.,  40  dwellings,  and  about  250  inhabit- 
ants. There  are  in  the  t.  4  stores,  cap.  $4,500 
1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  3  tanneries,  2  grist 
m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $21,850.  12 
sch.  550  scholars.    Pop.  2,095. 

Milford,  p-v.,  Alexandria  t.,  Hunterdon  co 
N.  J.,  39  n.  w.  Trenton,  196  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  Delaware  r.,  at  the  entrance  of  a 
small  cr.  It  contains  a  Presbyterian,  and  a 
Christian  or  Unitarian  church,  which  admits  fe 
males  to  participate  in  the  ministry. 

Milford,  p-t.,  capital  of  Pike  co.,  Pa.,  162  n 
e.  by  e.  Harrisburg,  256  W.  The  v.  is  situated 
on  the  w.  side  of  TJelaware  r.,  on  a  commanding 
eminence.  A  fine  bridge  here  crosses  the  r.  It 
contains  2  churches,  and  an  academy.  There 
are  in  the  t.  1  acad.  46  students,  1  sch.  36  schol 
ars.     Pop.  648. 

Milford,  t.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  36  n.  w.  Philadel- 
phia. The  surface  is  rolling  ;  soil,  gravel  and 
clay.  Drained  by  Swamp  cr.,  a  branch  of  Per- 
kiomen  cr.  It  contains  the  v.  of  Charleston, 
where  is  a  church.     It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $24,000  ; 

1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  4  potteries,  10  grist  m., 
10  saw  m.,  1  oil  ra.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,850. 

2  sch.  47  scholars.    Pop.  2,193. 

Milford,  t.,  Juniata  co.,  Pa.  Situated  on  the 
south  side  of  Juniata  r.  It  has  1  acad.  30  stu- 
dents, 10  sch.  423  scholars.     Pop.  1,824. 

Milford,  t.,  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  7  s.  w.  Somer- 
set. Drained  by  Castleman's  r.  and  its  tributa- 
ries, and  Laurel  Hill  cr.  Iron  ore  and  stone 
coal  are  abundantly  found.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$16,000 ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  2  distilleries, 


2  potteries,  5  grist  m.,  15  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $6,500.  1  sch.  24  scholars.  Pop. 
1,632. 

Milford,  p-v.,  and  hundred,  Kent  co.,  Del., 
95  s.  Philadelphia,  21  s.  by  e.  Dover,  129  W. 
Situated  on  the  n.  side  of  Mispillon  cr.,  which 
enters  Delaware  bay.    There  are  in  the  hundred, 
13  stores,  cap.  $6,990  ;  2  tanneries,  6  grist  m.,  3 
saw  ra.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $24,000.    2  acad.  65 
tudents,  6    schools,  331  scholars.    Population, 
2,356. 
Milford,  p-v.,  Warren  co.,  Va. 
Milford,  p-v.,  Greenville  dist.,  S.  C,  119  N. 
w.  by  w.  Columbia,  491  W. 

Milford,  p-v.,  Bracken  co.,  Ky.,  54  n.  e. 
Frankfort,  499  W.  Situated  on  a  branch  of 
Licking  r. 

Milford,  p-v.,  Miami  t.,  Clermont  co.,  O.,  112 
s.  w.  Columbus,  484  W.  Situated  on  Little 
Miami  r.  It  contains  1  Methodist  Episcopal 
church,  7  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  card- 
ing and  fulling  ra.,  1  distillery,  1  pottery,  1  tan- 
nery, various  mechanic  shops,  80  dwellings,  and 
about  500  inhabitants. 

Milford,  t.,  Butler  co.,  O.  It  has  10  sch.  515 
scholars.     Pop.  1,863. 

Milford,  t.,  Knox  co.,  O.  The  surface  is 
level ;  soil,  fertile.    Pop.  1,153. 

Milford,  p-t.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  41  n.  w. 
Detroit,  565  W.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $12,750  ;  2 
flour  m.,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  ra.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$4,320.    4  sch.  120  scholars.     Pop.  880. 

Milford,  t.,  Williams  co.,  O.  It  has  1  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,000.  3  sch. 
59  scholars.    Pop.  175. 

Milford,  p-o.,  Kosciusko  co.,  la.,  139  n.  In- 
dianapolis, 616  W. 

Milford,  t.,  La  Grange  co.,  la.  It  has  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000.  1  sch.  30  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  298. 

Milford,  p-o.,  Iroquois  co.,  111.,  168  N.  E. 
Springfield,  694  W. 

Milford  Centre,  p-o.,  Milford  t,  Otsego  co., 
N.  Y.,  77  w.  Albany,  859  W. 

Milford  Centre,  p-o.,  Union  t.,  Union  co., 
O.,  32  n.  w.  Columbus,  425  W.  The  t.  has  1 
sch.  82  scholars.    Pop.  201. 

Military  Grove,  p-o.,  Burke  co.,  N.  C,  220 
w.  Raleigh,  440  W. 

Military  Road,  p-o.,  Theresa  t,  Jefferson 
co.,  N.  Y.,  179  n.  w.  Albany,  431  W. 

Millardsville,  p-v.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa., 
162  n.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  270  W. 

Mill,  t.,  Tuscarawas  co.,  O.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $19,21)0;  2  com.  houses,  cap.  $10,000;  1 
tannery,  1  distillery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  ra.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $13,100.  7  sch.  394  scholars.  Pop. 
1,225. 
Mill  Bayou,  p-o.,  Mississippi  co.,  Ark. 
Millsborough  Springs,  p-o.,  Bath  co.,  Va., 
162  w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  202  W. 

Millbrook,  p-o.,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct.,  31  w. 
Hartford,  349  W. 

Millbury,  t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  43  w.  s. 
w.  Boston.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  fertile. 
Drained  by  branches  of  Blackstone  r.  The 
Blackstone  canal  passes  through  it.  Incorpora- 
ted in  1813.  It  contains  a  bank  and  5  churches 
—3  Congregational  and  1  Baptist.  It  has  5 
stores,  cap.  $25,000;  11  fulling  m.,  5  woollen 
fac,  1  tannery,  1  paper  fac,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  ra. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $261,600.  1  acad.  45  students, 
10  sch.  462  scholars.     Pop.  2,171. 

Millbrook,  p-v.,  Clinton  t.,  Wayne  co.,  O., 
98  n.  e.  Columbus,  350  W.     It  contains  2  stores, 
30  dwellings,  and  about  150  inhabitants. 
Millburn,  p-v.,  Hickman  co.,  Ky. 


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409 


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Huntington  co.,  Pa.,  87 


fulling 
15  sen. 

159  n. 


Mill  Creek,  p-o. 
Harrisburg,  146  W. 

Mill  Creek,  hundred,  New  Castle  co.,  Del 
It  has  3  sch.  145  scholars.     Pop.  3,144. 

Mill  Creek,  t.,  Erie  co.,  Pa.  It  has 
m.,  2  breweries,  3  grist  ra.,  17  saw  m. 
45 1  scholars.     Pop.  2,632. 

Mill  Creek,  p-o.,  Berkley  co.,  Va 
Richmond,  83  W. 

Mill  Creek,  p-v.,  Person  co.,  N.  C. 

Mill  Creek,  p-t.,  Coshocton  co.,  O.,  93  n.  e. 
Columbus,  318  W.  It  has  1  tannery.  Cap.  in 
raanufac.  $250.     1  sch.  25  scholars.    Pop.  907. 

Mill  Creek,  t.,  Hamilton  co.,  O.  It  contains 
1  college,  32  students,  1  acad.  125  students,  9 
sch.  169  scholars.     Pop.  6,249. 

Mill  Creek,  t.,  Union  co.,  O.  Much  of  the 
soil  is  very  fertile.  It  has  3  sch.  57  scholars. 
Pop.  523. 

Mill  Creek,  t.,  Williams  co.,  O.  It  has  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $700.  1  sch.  20 
scholars.    Pop.  109. 

Mill  Creek,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  la.,  44  n.  e. 
Indianapolis,  543  W. 

Mill  Creek,  p-o.,  Alexander  co.,  111.,  207  s. 
Springfield,  841  W. 

Mill  Creek,  p-o.,  Ripley  co.,  Mo. 

Milldale,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,  O.,  157  n.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 499  W. 

Milldale,  p-v.,  Warren  co.,  Miss.,  151  w. 
Jackson,  1,061  W. 

Milledgeville,  p-v..  Montgomery  co.,  N.  C, 
133  w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  339  W. 

Milledgeville,  city  and  capital  of  Baldwin 
co.,  and  of  the  state  of  Georgia,  153  n.  w.  Sa- 
vannah, 89  w.  s.  w.  Augusta,  193  n.  Darien, 
618  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank  of  the 
Oconee  r.,  at  the  head  of  steamboat  navigation, 
and  at  the  junction  of  Fishing  cr.  Laid  out  in  1803. 
It  contains  10  streets  parallel  with  the  r.,  crossed 
by  10  others  at  right  angles  with  them.  The 
streets  are  100  feet  wide,  excepting  Washington, 
a  central  street,  which  is  120.  There  are  3 
squares  made  by  the  omission  of  a  street  in  each 
direction,  called  Statehouse,  Governors  and 
Penitentiary  square,  each  450  on  a  side.  The 
state  house,  in  the  centre  of  Statehouse  square, 
1  of  a  mile  from  the  r.,  is  a  handsome  building  of 
Gothic  architecture,  erected  in  1828,  and  cost 
$115,000.  It  contains  a  fine  representatives 
hall,  60  by  54  feet,  ornamented  with  portraits  of 
Gen.  Oglethorpe,  Washington,  La  Fayette,  and 
Jefferson  ;  and  various  public  offices.  The  other 
public  buildings  are  a  governor's  house,  a  state 
arsenal,  a  penitentiary,  a  market  house,  3  banks, 
an  academy,  3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1 
Baptist,  and  1  Methodist.  Pop.  2,095.  A  toll 
bridge  crosses  the  Oconee  r.  here  550  feet  wide, 
which  cost  $20,000.  A  short  distance  from 
Milledgeville,  in  Med  way  v.,  is  Oglethorpe  Col- 
lege, founded  in  1836,  and  contains  a  president 
and  5  professors  or  other  instructors,  and  31  stu- 
dents. 

Milledgeville,  p-v.,  White  co 
E.  Nashville,  608  W. 

Miller,  county,  Mo.  Situated  near  the  cen- 
tre of  the  state,  and  contains  555  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Osage  r.  The  surface  is  broken  ;  soil,  on 
the  streams,  very  fertile.  Capital,  Tuscumbia. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,935,  sheep 
2,260,  swine  9,304  ;  wheat  5,005  bush,  produced, 
Ind.  corn  99,180,  oats  8,163,  potatoes  3,418,  tobac- 
co 4,601  pounds,  cotton  1,209  ;  2  stores,  3  distil- 
leries, 5  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$2,554.  3  sch.  65  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,170, 
slaves  111,  free  colrd  1 ;  total,  2,282. 
Miller,  t,  Dearborn  co.,  la.  It  has  1  store,  3 
52 


Iwellings,  and 


Tenn.,  86 


grist  m.,  2  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,400.    5 
sch.  150  scholars.     Pop.  |  809. 

Miller,  t.,  Macon  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  149. 

Miller,  t.,  Polk  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  155. 

Miller,  t.,  Knox  co.,  O.  The  soil  is  well 
adapted  to  grazing.  Settled  chiefly  by  emigrants 
from  Connecticut  and  Rhode  Island.    Pop.  977. 

Millers,  p-o.,  Lawrence  co.,  O.,  131  s.  bv  e 
Columbus,  393  W. 

Millers  Bay,  p-o.,  Lyrao  t.,  Jefferson  co., 

Millersburg,  p-v.,  Upper  Paxton  t.,  Dauphin 
co.,  Pa.,  31  n.  Harrisburg,  141  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  bank  of  Susquehanna  r.,  at  the  confluence 
of  Wiconisco  cr.  It  contains  a  Lutheran  church, 
3  stores,  and  about  70  dwellings.  The  railroad 
from  the  coal  mine  in  Ly ken's  valley  to  the  r. 
passes  near  the  v. 

Millersburg,  p-v.,  Bourbon  co.,  Ky.,  44  e. 
Frankfort,  499  W. 

Millersburg,  p-v.,  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn.,  44 
s.  e.  Nashville,  675  W. 

Millersburg,  p-v.,  Hardy  t,  capital  of  Holmes 
co.,  O.,  87  n.  e.  Columbus,  343  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  Killbuck  cr.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  1  church,  10  stores,  a  printing  office 
issuing  a  weekly  newspaper,  100  dv  " 
about  600  inhabitants. 

Millersburg,  p-v.,  Mercer  co.,  111. 

Millersburg,  p-v.,  Callaway  co.,  Mo.,  34  n. 
e.  Jefferson  City,  929  W. 

Miller's  Mill,  p-o.,  Christian  co.,  Ky. 

Miller's  Place,  p-v.,  Brookhaven  t.,  Suffolk 
co.,  N.  Y.,  207  s.  s.  e.  Albany,  257  W.  Situated 
near  the  Sound  shore,  and  contains  an  academy, 
and  about  20  dwellings. 

Millersport,  p-v.,  Walnut  t.,  Fairfield  co., 
O.,  30  s.  e.  Columbus,  373  W. 

Miller's  Tavern,  p-o.,  Essex  co.,  Va.,  40  n. 
e.  Richmond,  122  W. 

Millerstown,  p-v.,  Greenwood  t.,  Perry  co., 
Pa.,  30  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  140  W.  It  contains  a 
Presbyterian  church,  5  stores,  and  about  90 
dwellings. 

Millerstown,  p-v.,  Champaign  co.,  O.,  55  w. 
by  n.  Columbus,  449  W. 

Millerstown,  p-v.,  Grayson  co.,  Ky.,  125  s. 
w.  by  w.  Frankfort,  650  W. 

Millersville,  p-v.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  39  s. 
e.  Harrisburg,  111  W. 

Millersville,  p-o.,  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md. 

Millersville,  p-v.,  Marion  co.,  la.,  7  In- 
dianapolis, 578  W. 

Millfield,  p-v.,  Dover  t.,  Athens  co.,  O.,  73 
s.  e.  Columbus,  348  W.  Situated  on  Sunday  cr., 
3  ms.  from  its  entrance  into  Hockhocking  r.  It 
contains  1  church,  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  and  1  saw 
m.  Three  salt  works  in  the  vicinity  produce 
over  200  bushels  of  salt  daily. 

Millford,  p-v.,  Lewis  co.,  Mo.,  164  n.  by  e. 
Jefferson  City,  943  W. 

Millford  Mills,  p-o.,  Prince  Edward  co., 
Va.,  41  w.  s.  w.  Richmond,  105  W. 

Mill  Grove,  p-o.,  Cabarrus  co.,  N.  C,  148  w. 
Raleigh,  383  W. 

Mill  Grove,  do.,  Sumter  dist.,  S.  C,  81  e. 
Columbia,  501  W. 

Mill  Grove,  p-o.,  Cobb  co.,  Ga.,  114  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  685  W. 

Mill  Grove,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  O.,  90  s.  w. 
Columbus,  464  W. 

Mill  Grove,  p-o.,  Owen  co.,  la.,  50  s.  w.  In- 
dianapolis, 619  W. 

Mill  Hall,  p-o.,  Clinton  co.,  Pa.,  104  n.  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  196  W. 

Mill  Haven,  p-v.,  Scriven  co.,  Ga.,  106  E.  by 
s.  Milledgeville,  629  W. 


MIL 


410 


MIL 


Millheim,  p-v.,  Hains  t.,  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  88 
N.  w.  Harrisburg,  180  W.  It  contains  a  Method- 
ist church,  2  stores,  and  about  50  dwellings. 

Mill  Hill,  p-o.,  Cabarrus  co.,  N.  C,  148  w. 
Raleigh,  385  W. 
Milliken's  Bend,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  La. 
Millington,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  70  w. 
by  n.  Boston,  400  W. 

Millington,  p-v.,  East  Haddam  t.,  Middlesex 
co.,  Ct.,  36  E.  by  s.  Hartford,  350  W. 

Millington,  p-o.,  Somerset  co.,  N.  J.,  43  n. 
Trenton,  213  W. 

Millington,  p-v.,  Kent  co.,  Md.,  61  e.  n.  e. 
Annapolis,  101  VV.  Situated  on  the  N.  side  of 
Chester  r. 

Millington,  p-o.,  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  103  w. 
N.  w.  Richmond,  139  W. 

Millmount,  p-o.,  Huntingdon  co.,  la.,  132  n. 
n.  e.  Indianapolis,  597  W. 

Mill  Plain,  p-v.,  Fairfield  co.,  Ct.,  72  s.  w. 
Hartford,  296. 

Mill  Point,  p-v.,  Pocahontas  co.,  Va.,  210  w. 
N.  w.  Richmond,  245  W. 

Mill  Port,  p-v.,  Veteran  t.,  Chemung  co.,  N. 
Y.,  199  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  292  W.  Situated  on 
Catherine's  cr.,  on  the  line  of  the  Chemung  canal. 
It  contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist  church, 
2  stores,  2  flouring  m.,  10  saw  m.,  1  plaster  m.,  1 
clothier's  works,  1  sash  fac,  1  tannery,  50  dwell- 
ings, and  about  340  inhabitants.  The  creek  has 
here  a  succession  of  falls,  in  the  whole  of  100 
feet  descent. 

Mill  Port,  p-v.,  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  185  n.  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  296  W. 

Mill  Port,  p-o.,  Fayette  co.,  Ala.,  65  n.  w. 
Tuscaloosa,  867  W. 

Mill  Port,  p-v.,  Laurel  co.,  Ky.,  106  s.  e. 
Frankfort,  556  W. 

Mill  Port,  p-v.,  Jackson  co.,  la.,  80  s.  In- 
dianapolis, 605  W. 

Mill  River,  p-o.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  133 
w.  Boston,  354  W. 

Mill  River,  p-o.,  Buncombe  co.,  N.  C,  272 
w.  Raleigh,  502  W. 
Millsborough,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Pa. 
Millsboro',  p-v.,  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  49  s.  Do- 
ver, 143  W. 

Mills  Corners,  p-o.,  Broadalbin  t.,  Fulton 
co.,  N.  Y.,  43  n.  w.  Albany,  411  W. 

Millsfield,  t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H.     Pop.  12. 
Millsford,  t.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.    It  has  2  sch, 
35  scholars.     Pop.  173. 

Mills  Point,  p-v.,  Hickman  co.,  Ky.,  310  s. 
w.  by  w.  Frankfort,  337  W.  Situated  on  the  e. 
bank  of  the  Mississippi  r.  It  has  a  convenient 
landing,  several  large  warehouses  and  stores, 
and  about  25  dwellings. 

Mills  Prairie,  p-o.,  Edwards  co.,  111.,  150  s. 
e.  Springfield,  730  W. 

Mill  Springs,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  Ky.,  101  s. 
Frankfort,  607  W. 

Millstone,  cr.,  N.  J.,  rises  in  Monmouth  co., 
and  enters  the  Raritan  in  Somerset  co.  It  is  a 
strong  and  rapid  stream.  The  Delaware  and 
Raritan  canal  passes,  a  considerable  distance, 
along  this  stream. 

Mill  Stone,  p-v.,  Hillsborough  t.,  Somerset 
co.,  N.  J.,  27  n.  Trenton,  201  W.  Situated  on 
the  s.  bank  of  Millstone  r.,  and  contains  a  Dutch 
Reformed  church,  3  stores,  and  about  40  dwell- 
ings, many  of  them  neat. 

Milltown,  p-o_,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  198  E. 
by  n.  Augusta,  784  W. 

Milltown,  p-v.,  Kent  t.,  Putnam  co.,  N.  Y., 
100  s.  Albany,  297  W.  It  contains  2  churches,  4 
stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  iron  foundry,  1 
clothier's  works,  and  about  40  dwellings. 


Milltown,  p-v.,  Crawford  co.,  la.,  113  s.  by 
w.  Indianapolis,  627  W. 

Millview,  p-v.,  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  103  n.  by 
w.  Richmond,  86  W. 

Millville,  p-v.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  43  w. 
Boston,  408  W. 

Millville,  p-v.,  Shelby  t.,  Orleans  co.,  N. 
Y.,  257  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  397  W.  It  contains  2 
churches,  one  of  them  a  Friends,  an  academy,  2 
stores,  2  saw  m.,  1  tannery,  and  12  or  15  dwell- 
ings. 

Millville,  p-t.,  Cumberland  co.,  N.  J.,  67  s. 
by  w.  Trenton.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  sandy, 
and  not  very  productive.  Drained  by  Maurice 
r.  and  its  tributaries,  the  chief  of  which  is  Manan- 
tico  cr.  Thev.  is  situated  on  the  e.  bank  of 
Maurice  r.,  20  ms.  from  its  mouth.  It  contains  5 
stores,  and  extensive  glass  works,  and  about  65 
dwellings.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $19,500 ;  5  glass 
houses,  5  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$183,920.    5  sch.  25  scholars.     Pop.  1,771. 

Millville,  p-o.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  89  n.  n. 
e.  Harrisburg,  199  W. 

Millville,  p-v.,  King  George  co.,  Va.,  89  n. 
n.  e.  Richmond,  86  W. 

Millville,  p-v.,  Spartanburg  dist.,  S.  C,  101 
N.  w.  Columbia,  486  W. 

Millville,  p-v.,  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  97  s. 
Nashville,  732  W. 

Millville,  p-v.,  Caldwell  co.,  Ky.,  231  w. 
s.  w.  Frankfort,  763  W. 

Millville,  p-v.,  Ross  t.,  Butler  co.,  O.,  108 
w.  s.  w.  Columbus,  496  W.  Situated  on  the  n. 
bank  of  Indian  cr.  It  contains  2  stores,  1  flour- 
ing m.,  and  about  250  inhabitants. 

Millville,  p-v.,  Butler  co.,  Ala.,  154  s.  s.  E. 
Tuscaloosa,  890  W. 
Millville,  p-o.,  Jo-Daviess  co.,  111. 
Millville,  p-o.,  Clayton  co.,  Iowa. 
Millwood,  p-v.,  Clarke  co.,  Va.,  135  n.  n.  w. 
Richmond,  66  W. 

Millwood,  p-o.,  Dooly  co.,  Ga.,  86  s.  s.  w. 
Milledgeville,  733  W. 

Millwood,  p-o.,  Knox  co.,  O.,  69  n.  e.  Colum- 
bus, 369  W. 

Millwood,  t.,  Guernsey  co.,  O.  It  has  9  sch. 
245  scholars.     Pop.  1,596. 

Milnersville,  p-o.,  Monroe  t.,  Guernsey  co., 
O.,  89  e.  Columbus,  314  W.  Situated  in  New 
Birmingham  v. 

Milo,  p-t.,  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.,  98  n.  n.  e 
Augusta,  695  W.  Drained  by  Piscataquis  r.,  and 
Pleasant  r.,  and  other  branches  of  it.  Incorpo- 
rated in  1823.  It  has  1  fulling  m.,  1  furnace,  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,200.  7  sch.  327  scholars. 
Pop.  756. 

Milo,  p-t.,  Yates  co.,  N.  Y.,  193  w.  Albany, 
320  W.  It  contains  the  v.  of  Penn  Yan,  the 
capital  of  the  co.  The  surface  is  undulating ; 
soil,  gravelly  and  clay  loam,  and  fertile.  Drained 
by  the  outlet  of  Crooked  lake,  which  lies  on  its 
w.  border.  It  has  20  stores,  cap.  $74,335 ;  4 
fulling  m.,  1  furnace,  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  2 
printing  offices,  1  bindery,  2  weekly  and  1  peri- 
odical newspapers,  2  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.,  1  oil  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $107,022.  17  sch.  938  scholars. 
Pop.  3,986. 

Milo  Centre,  p-v.,  Milo  t.,  Yates  co.,  N.  Y., 
196  w.  Albany,  325  W.  It  contains  1  church,  2 
stores,  and  about  30  dwellings. 

Milroy,  p-v.,  Rush  co.,  la.,  48  e.  s.  e.  Indian 
apolis,  546  W. 

Milton,  t.,  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.  It  has  1  saw 
m.,  5  sch.  248  scholars.     Pop.  469. 

Milton,  p-t.,  Strafford  co.,  N.  H,  47  n.  e. 
Concord,  515  W.  Salmon  Fall  r.  runs  on  its  E. 
border,  by  branches  of  which  it  is  watered.    It 


MIL 


411 


MIL 


has  6  stores,  cap.  $6,900 ;  3  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac.,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $21,300.  10  sell.  408  scholars.  Pop. 
1,322. 

Milton,  p-t,  Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  55  \.  w. 
Montpelier,  528  W.  It  is  watered  hy  Lamoille 
r.,  which  has  extensive  falls,  producing  great 
water  power.  Chartered  in  1763.  The  surface 
is  moderately  uneven;  soil,  generally  fertile. 
At  the  great  falls  in  the  Lnmoille,  near  the  v.,  the 
r.  falls  150  feet  in  50  rods.  Here  are  a  saw  m., 
a  grist  m.,  and  a  paper  m.  The  v.  contains  a 
( 'ongregational  and  a  Methodist  church,  and  sev- 
eral dwellings.  A  sand  bar  extends  from  this  t. 
to  the  largest  island  in  Lake  Champlain,  which 
is  fordable  on  horseback,  during  the  greater  part 
of  the  year,  though  the  water  is  considerably 
deep.  There  are  in  the  t.  9  stores,  cap.  $46,200  ; 
3  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $19,500.     14  sch.  645  scholars.     Pop.  2,134. 

Milton,  p-t.,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  7  s.  Boston, 
435  W.  The  surface  is  various.  The  soil  is  a 
productive  gravelly  loam.  Neponset  r.  runs  on 
its  n.  border,  and  affords  good  water  power. 
Chartered  in  1662.  The  v.,  called  the  Mills,  is 
at  the  head  of  navigation  on  Neponset  r.,  and  is 
connected  with  Dorchester  by  a  bridge.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  bank,  several  factories.  Governor, 
Hutchinson,  had  his  summer  residence  in  this 
place,  and  the  house  is  still  standing.  There  are 
in  the  t.  8  stores,  cap.  $19,000 ;  2  commercial  and 

2  commission  houses,  cap.  $150,000;  1  lumber 
yard,  cap.  $4,000;  2  woollen  fac,  1  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $50,300.  2  acad.  45 
students,  5  sch.  436  scholars.    Pop.  1,822. 

Milton,  p-v.,  Litchfield  t.,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct., 
36  w.  Hartford,  330  W.  It  is  a  parish  in  the  n. 
w.  part  of  the  t.  of  Litchfield.  The  surface  is 
uneven  and  rough,  and  the  soil  adapted  to  graz- 
ing.    Here  is  a  Congregational  church. 

Milton,  t.,  Saratoga  co.,  N.  Y.,  30  n.  by  w. 
Albany.  It  contains  the  v.  of  Ballston  Spa,  the 
capital  of  the  co.  The  surface  is  level  or  gently 
rolling ;  soil,  clay  loam  and  sandy  loam.  Drain- 
ed by  the  Kayaderosseras  cr.  and  its  tributaries. 
It  has  16  stores,  cap.  $57,800 ;  3  lumber  yards, 
cap.  $10,000  ;  6  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  2  fur- 
naces, 3  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  paper  fac,  1 
printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  6  grist  m., 
10  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $203,315. 
12  sch.  387  scholars.    Pop.  3,166. 

Milton,  p-v.,  Marlboro'  t.,  Ulster  co.,  N.  Y., 
79  s.  by  w.  Albany,  299  W.  Situated  half  a 
mile  w.  of  the  landing  on  Hudson  r.,  and  contains 

3  churches — 1  Methodist,  2  Friends — 6  stores,  2 
grist  m.,  70  dwellings,  and  about  450  inhabitants. 
Two  freight  barges  ply  between  this  place  and 
New  York. 

Milton,  p-v.,  Morris  co.,  N.  J.,  75  n.  Trenton, 
246  W. 

Milton,  p-b.,  Turbut  t.,  Northumberland  co., 
Pa.,  71  n.  Harrisburg,  181  W.  Situated  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  West  brartch  of  Susquehanna  r., 
built  on  both  sides  of  Limestone  run.  It  contains 
3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Associate  Reform- 
ed, and  1  German  Reformed — an  academy,  250 
dwellings,  and  150  inhabitants.  Incorporated  in 
1816.  A  bridge  here  crosses  the  Susquehanna  r. 
It  has  13  stores,  cap.  $92,500 ;  1  tannery,  4  dis- 
tilleries, 1  brewery,  1  pottery,  2  printing  offices, 
1  weekly  newspaper,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac  $62,105.  4  sch.  250  scholars.  Pop. 
1,508. 

Milton,  p-v.,  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  33  s.  Dover, 
141  W. 

Milton,  p-v.,  Caswell  co.,  N.  C,  74  N.  w.  Ra- 
leigh, 250  W. 


Milton,  p-v.,  Laurens  dist.,  S.  C,  60  w.  n.  w. 
Columbia,  516  W. 

Milton,  p-v.,  Autauga  co.,  Ala.,  98  s.  E.  Tus- 
caloosa, 841  W. 

Milton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Santa  Rosa  co.,  Flor., 
20  n.  e.  Pensacola.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Blackwater  r. 

Milton,  p-v.,  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn.,  37  s.  E. 
Nashville,  656  W. 

Milton,  p-v.,  Trimblo  co.,  Ky.,  52  n.  w. 
Frankfort,  561  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  bank  of  the 
Ohio  r.,  and  contains  2  steam  m.  and  about  100 
inhabitants. 

Milton,  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  157  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 316  W.  Watered  by  Mahoning  r.,  which 
affords  water  power.  It  contains  the  villages  of 
Frederick  and  Milton.    Pop.  of  t.  1,277. 

Milton,  t.,  Jackson  co.,  O.  It  has  2  grist  m., 
1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $800.  1  sch.  18 
scholars.     Pop.  912. 

Milton,  t.,  Miami  co.,  O.    Pop.  252. 

Milton,  t.,  Richland  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,861. 

Milton,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  O.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $2,900;  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $1,275. 
Pop.  1,157. 

Milton,  t.,  Wood  co.,  O.    Pop.  124. 

Milton,  p4.,  Wayne  co.,  la.,  54  e.  Indiana- 
polis, 521  W.    Pop.  465. 

Milton,  p-o.,  Pike  co.,  HI.,  64  w.  by  s.  Spring- 
field, 844  W 

Milton,  p-o.,  Rock  co.,  Wis.,  49  s.  e.  Madi- 
son, 814  W. 

Milton,  p-o.,  La  Fayette  co.,  Miss.,  178  N.  N. 
w.  Jackson,  905  W. 

Milton,  p-v.,  Randolph  co.,  Mo.,  80  n.  n.  w. 
Jefferson  City,  949  W. 

Milton,  t.,  Cass  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $330.  3  sch.  85  scholars. 
Pop.  439. 

Milton  Hill,  p-v.,  Charles  co.,  Md.,  88  s.  w. 
Annapolis,  48  W. 

Milton  Mills,  p-o.,  Milton  t.,  Strafford  co., 
N.  H.,  43  n.  e.  Concord,  524  W. 

Milton  Park,  p-o.,  Craven  co.,  N.  C,  140  e. 
s.  E.  Raleigh,  368  W. 

Miltonville,  p-v.,  Middletown  t.,  Wood  co., 
O.,  123  n.  n.  w.  Columbus,  461  W. 

Miltonville,  v.,  Madison  t.,  Butler  co.,  O. 
Pop.  122. 

Miltonville,  p-v.,  Wayne  co.,  Miss.,  159  s. 
E.  by  e.  Jackson,  969  W. 

Milwaukee,  county,  Wis.  Situated  in  the 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  800  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Milwaukee  r.,  a  fine  mill  stream, 
Manewakee,  Root,  Des  Plaines,  and  Fox  rivers, 
and  branches  of  Rock  r.  Lake  Michigan  bounds 
it  on  the  e.  Capital,  Milwaukee.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,100,  sheep  798,  swine  8,814 ; 
wheat  34,236  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  36,820, 
buckwheat  1,829,  oats  26,863,  potatoes  64,242, 
sugar  48,886  pounds  ;  3  commission  houses,  cap. 
$27,500 ;  26  stores,  cap.  $62,300 ;  8  grist  m.,  13 
saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $63,450.  9  sch.  186  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  5,573,  free  col'd  32 ;  total,  5,605. 

Milwaukee,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Milwaukee 
co.,  Wis.,  83  e.  Madison,  805  W.  Situated  on 
both  sides  of  Milwaukee  r.,  near  its  entrance  into 
Lake  Michigan.  The  r.  affords  water  power  at 
the  v.  Steamboats  ply  between  this  place  and 
Buffalo,  and  its  location  is  such  that  it  is  likely 
to  become  a  place  of  much  importance.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  a  U.  S  land  office,  1 
Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist  church,  and  (in 
1842)  2,800  inhabitants.  There  were  m  1840,  3 
commission  houses,  cap.  $27,500;  21  stores  cap. 
$52  900 ;  1  furnace,  1  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices* 


MIN 


412 


MIS 


2  weekly  newspapers.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,800. 

1  sch.  25  scholars.     Pop.  1,712. 
Mina,  p-t.,  Chautauque  co.,  N.  Y.,  363  w.  by 

s.  Albany,  347  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil, 
clay  and  gravelly  loam.  Il  contains  a  small  lake 
denominated  Finley's  lake.  Drained  by  French 
cr.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,000;  1  grist  m..  5 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,650.  8  sch.  272 
scholars.     Pop.  871. 

Minaville,  p-o.,  Florida  t ,  Montgomery  co., 
N.  Y,  37  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  405  W. 

Minden,  p-t.,  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  61  w.  n. 
w.  Albany,  396  W.  The  surface  is  diversified  ; 
soil,  argillaceous  and  calcareous  loam,  with  rich 
bottom  lands  on  the  Mohawk  r.,  which  bounds  it 
on  the  N.  Drained  by  Otsquake  cr.  It  has  26 
stores,  cap.  $112,150;  3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2 
grist  m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $43,440  ; 
16  sch.  960  scholars.     Pop.  3,507. 

Minden,  p-o.,  Claiborne  co.,  La.,  404  n.  w.  N. 
Orleans,  1,274  W. 

Mine-a-Breton,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Mo.  It 
has  1  acad.  83  students,  2  sch.  50  scholars.  Pop. 
994. 

Mine  Creek,  t.,  Hempstead  co.,  Ark.    It  has 

2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,500, 
Pop.  436. 

Minesville,  p-v.,  Forsyth  co.,  Ga.,  103  w 
Milledgeville,  660  W. 

Mine  La  Motte,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  Mo.,  154 
s.  e.  Jefferson  City,  886  W. 

Mineral  Point,  p-v.,  capital  of  Iowa  co., 
Wis.,  52  w.  s.  w.  Madison,  884  W.  Situated  on 
a  head  branch  of  Pickatonokee  r.,  and  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  a  U.  S.  land  office,  a  printing 
office,  several  stores,  and  about  700  inhabitants. 
In  the  vicinity  are  3  smelting  furnaces  for  cop- 
per, and  several  for  lead. 

Mineral  Springs,  p-v.,  Talladega  co.,  Ala., 
87  E.  Tuscaloosa,  777  W. 

Mineral  Springs,  p-o.,  Columbia  co.,  Flor., 
84  e.  Tallahassee. 

Minersville,  p-b.,  Norwegian  t.,  Schuylkill 
co.,  Pa.,  66  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  176  W.  It  contains 
8  stores,  2  saw  m.,  various  mechanics,  100  dwell- 
ings, and  about  600  inhabitants.  It  is  surrounded 
by  anthracite  coal  mines.  Incorporated  in 
1831. 

Minersville,  p-v.,  Rutherford  co.,  N.  C,  223 
w.  Raleigh,  461  W. 

Minersville,  v.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  2  e.  Pitts- 
burgh. It  contains  2  churches,  and  is  the  seat  of 
extensive  mining  operations. 

Minerva,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  N.  Y.,  94  n.  Albany, 
469  W.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  partly  covered 
with  the  Adirondack  mountains.  The  valleys 
have  some  fertile  land.  Drained  by  Hudson  r. 
and  its  tributaries.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $600 ;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$5,100.     5  sch.  139  scholars.     Pop.  455. 

Minerva,  p-v.,  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  75  e.  n.  e. 
Frankfort,  475  W. 

Minerva,  p-v.,  Paris  t.,  SUirk  co.,  O.,  139  n.  e. 
by  e.  Columbus,  303  W.  It  is  on  the  line  of  the 
Sandy  and  Beaver  canal,  and  has  2  large  canal 
basins.  It  contains  6  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  60 
dwellings,  and  about  350  inhabitants. 

Minga  Hooma,  p-o.,  Lauderdale  co.,  Miss.,  114 
e.  Jackson,  908  W. 

Minisink,  p-t.,  Orange  co.,  N.  Y.,  120  s.  s.  w. 
Albany,  270  W.    The  surface  is  hilly  on  the  w 


$133,025.     4  acad.  387  students,  23  schools  1,308 
scholars.     Pop.  5,093. 

Mino,  t.,  Mifflin  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$9,000 ;  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  2  distilleries, 
2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,135. 
6  sch.  215  scholars.     Pop.  974. 

Minot,  p-t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  46  s.  w. 
Augusta,  576  W.  The  Androscoggin  r.  runs  on 
its  e.  border,  and  Little  Androscoggin  r.  on  its  s. 
border,  affording  extensive  water  power.  A 
bridge  here  crosses  the  Androscoggin.  It  is  a 
good  agricultural  township,  and  is  finely  situated 
for  manufactures.  It  has  15  stores,  cap.  $15,400 ; 
2  fulling  m.,  1  furnace,  28  sch.  1,250  scholars. 
Pop.  3,550. 

Minster,  p-o.,  Mercer  co.,  O.,  94  w.  n.  w. 
Columbus,  488  W. 

Mintonsville,  p-v.,  Gates  co.,  N.  C,  106  e. 
n.  e.  Raleigh,  261  W. 
Mint  Spring,  p-o.,  Augusta  co.,  Va. 
Miranda,  p-v.,  Rowan  co.,  N.  O,  132  w.  Ra- 
leigh, 369  W. 

Misiiawakee,  p-v.,  St.  Joseph  co.,  la.,  143  n. 
Indianapolis,  620  W. 

Mishwaukee,  p-v.,  Brown  co.,  Wis.,  138  N.  E. 
by  n.  Madison,  973  W. 

Mispillon,  hundred,  Kent  co.,  Del.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $5,200 ;  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  7  sch. 
460  scholars.     Pop.  3,069. 

Missaukee,  county,  Mich.  Situated  centrally 
in  the  n.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  376  sq. 
ms.  Drained  by  Maskegon  r.  and  its  branches. 
(It  is  unorganized.) 

Missionary  Station,  p-o.,  Floyd  co.,  Ga.,  173 
n.  w.  Milledgeville,  674  W.  Situated  on  the 
Coosa  r. 

Missisque,  r.,  Vt.,  rises  in  Orleans  co.,  and 
pursuing  a  N.  E.  course,  passes  into  Canada,  and 
after  running  several  ms.,  returns  into  Vt.,  and 
pursues  a  s.  w.  and  w.  course,  until  it  enters 
Missisque  bay,  a  branch  of  Lake  Champlain,  in 
Highgate,  near  the  Canada  line.  It  has  several 
rapids  and  falls,  affording  extensive  water  power. 
It  is  navigable  for  vessels  of  50  tons,  6  miles,  to 
Swanton  falls.  Through  most  of  its  course,  it  is 
wide  and  shallow,  with  a  moderate  current.  It 
is  75  ms.  long. 

Mississinewa,  r.,  la.,  rises  in  the  state  of  Ohio, 
and  running  in  a  n.  w.  direction,  it  falls  into  the 
Wabash  r.,  a  little  above  Peru.  In  its  upper  parts 
it  furnishes  good  mill  sites,  and  in  its  lower  parts 
it  is  navigable  for  boats  of  10  tons,  in  time  of  high 
water. 
Mississinewa,  t.,  Darke  co.,  O.  Pop.  127. 
Mississippi,  an  immense  river  of  the  United 
States,  derives  importance  from  its  great  length ; 
the  vast  and  fertile  regions  which,  with  its  tribu- 
taries, it  drains,  and  the  extent  to  which  it  is  nav- 
igable. It  rolls  a  mighty  volume  of  water  to  the 
ocean,  bearing  to  its  destined  market  a  vast 
amount  of  produce  of  one  of  the  most  fertile  re- 
gions on  the  globe,  and  returning  to  these  regions 
the  productions  of  other  portions  of  the  United 
States,  and  of  foreign  countries,  which  they  need 
for  their  convenience  and  comfort.  The  most 
probable  derivation  of  its  name  is  Mi**i  Sepe, 
which,  in  the  Algonquin  Indian  language,  which 
prevails  in  its  upper  parts,  means  Great  river.  Its 
extreme  source,  according  to  the  explorations  of 
Schoolcraft,  July  13th,  1832,  is  Itasca  lake,  47° 
10'  n.  lat.,  and  95°  54'  w.  Ion.,  at  an  elevation  of 


and  on  the  E.  is  covered  with  the  "  drowned  1 1,500  feet,  and  the  distance  of  3,161)  miles,  above 
lands,"  through  winch  the  Wallkill  sluggishly '  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Itasca  lake  is  a  beautiful 
flows.  It  contains  a  copper  mine,  which  was  j  sheet  of  water,  lying  among  hills  surmounted  by 
formerly  wrought.  It  has  17  stores,  cap.  $35,000 ;  pines.  The  outlet  of  the  lake  is  10  or  12  feet 
2  fulling  m.,  4  woollen  fac,  0  tanneries,  10  distil-  broad,  and  from  12  to  18  inches  deep.  Its  course 
leries,  11  grist  in.,  16  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac. !  is  then  northwardly  and  northeastwardly,  and  it 


MIS 


413 


MIS 


passes  through  lakes  Irving  and  Travers,  and  it 
then  passes  eastwardly  and  southeastward^*, 
and  through  some  small  lakes,  to  Lake  Cnss. 
This  lake  is  of  considerable  extent,  and  contains 
a  large  island,  182  ms.  below  its  source,  and  1,330 
feet  above  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Its  course  is  w. 
to  Lake  Winnipec,  then  s.  w.  through  Little  Win- 
nipec  lake,  until  it  receives  Leech  lake  fork,  the 
outlet  of  a  considerable  lake  of  the  same  name. 
The  most  northern  point  attained  by  the  river  is 
a  few  minutes  short  of  48° ;  it  then  pursues  a 
winding  course  eastwardly,  passing  through  some 
small  lakes,  until  it  attains  a  southwardly  direc- 
tion. The  average  descent  of  the  Mississippi, 
from  its  source  to  its  entrance  into  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  is  a  fraction  over  5  inches  per  mile.  The 
whole  country  about  the  sources  of  the  Mississippi 
appears  to  be  considerably  elevated  table  land, 
abounding  in  small  lakes  of  pure  water,  and  fed 
chiefly  by  springs.  The  first  considerable  falls 
in  the  river  are  those  of  Peckagama,  where  it  de- 
scends 20  feet  in  300  yards.  There  is  no  per- 
pendicular fall,  but  a  rapid  which  entirely  ob- 
structs navigation.  The  river  is  compressed  to 
the  width  of  80  feet,  and  is  precipitated  over  a 
rugged  bed  of  sandstone,  the  rocky  channel  being 
inclined  at  an  angle  of  from  35°  to  40°.  The 
surrounding  view  is  wild  and  picturesque.  An 
island,  covered  with  spruce  and  cedar,  divides 
the  channel  nearly  in  the  middle,  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  fall.  The  next  considerable 
falls  in  the  river,  are  those  of  St.  Anthony.  The 
river  here  has  a  perpendicular  descent  of  17  feet, 
and  a  formidable  rapid  above  and  below.  An 
island,  at  the  brow  of  the  precipice,  divides  the 
current  into  2  parts,  the  largest  of  which  passes 
on  the  w.  side  of  the  island.  The  rapid  below 
the  chute  is  filled  with  large  fragments  of  rock, 
in  the  interstices  of  which  some  alluvial  soil  has 
accumulated,  which  nourishes  a  stinted  growth 
of  cedars.  The  rapid  above  the  falls  has  a  de- 
scent of  about  10  feet  in  the  distance  of  300  yards. 
The  rapid  below  the  falls  extends  half  a  mile,  in 
which  the  river  descends  15  feet.  The  entire 
fall,  in  three  fourths  of  a  mile,  is  65  feet.  With- 
out the  grandeur  of  Niagara,  these  falls  are  ex- 
tremely picturesque  and  beautiful.  But  during 
the  spring  floods,  they  become  grand  as  well  as 
beautiful.  The  width  of  the  Mississippi,  for  12 
miles  above  the  falls,  is  half  a  mile ;  below,  it  is 
contracted  to  200  yards.  A  little  below  the  falls 
of  St.  Anthony  enters  the  St.  Peter's  river,  from 
the  w.,  which  is  the  largest  tributary  of  the  Upper 
Mississippi.  For  200  ms.  above  its  entrance,  it  is 
100  yards  wnde,  with  a  great  depth  of  water. 
About  lat.  44°  the  St.  Croix  enters  the  Missis- 
sippi from  the  E.,  which  is  said  to  be  navigable 
for  boats  200  ms.  About  15  ms.  below  the  en- 
trance of  St.  Croix  r.,  the  Mississippi  expands  into 
a  beautiful  sheet  of  water,  called  Lake  Pepin,  25 
ms.  in  length.  At  its  termination,  the  Chippewa 
r.  enters  the  Mississippi,  after  a  course  of  about 
300  ms.  In  42°  enters  the  Wisconsin  from  the 
E.,  forming  an  easy  communication  with  Lake 
Michigan.  Near  40°,  on  the  w.  side,  the  Des 
Moines  enters,  150  yards  wide.  A  few  ms.  above 
the  mouth  of  this  river  are  rapids,  9  ms.  in  length, 
forming  an  impediment  to  navigation,  when  the 
river  is  low.  In  39°  the  Illinois  enters  from  the 
e.,  400  yards  wide,  and  navigable  for  boats  more 
than  300  ms.  A  little  below  39°  enters  the  ma- 
jestic Missouri  from  the  w.,  which  is  longer,  and 
discharges  more  water,  than  the  Mississippi ;  and 
had  it  been  as  early  explored,  it  would  probably 
have  been  regarded  as  the  parent  stream.  Its 
waters  are  turbid,  and  change  the  appearance  of 
the  Mississippi.     In  38°  the  K*skaskia  enters 


from  tin-  k.,  and  is  navigable  for  more  than  100 
ms.,  passing  through  a  beautiful  country.  Be- 
tween 37°  and  30°,  1,005  ms.  above  New  Orleans, 
the  "  Belle  Uiviere,"  or  the  beautiful  Ohio,  enters 
from  the  e.,  and  is  much  the  largest  eastern 
branch;  and,  from  the  densely  populated  and 
flourishing  country  on  its  borders,  must  be  con- 
sidered, at  present,  as  the  most  important  tribu- 
tary of  the  Mississippi.  Between  35°  and  31° 
enters  the  St.  Francis  from  the  w.,  200  yards 
wide,  and  supposed  to  be  navigable  300  miles. 
White  r.  enters  on  the  same  side,  in  about  34°, 
probably  about  1,200  ms.  long.  The  Arkan-as, 
from  the  w.,  enters  between  34°  and  33°,  618 
ms.  above  New  Orleans,  and  is  500  yards  wide, 
and  supposed  to  be  2,500  ms.  long.  The  Yazoo 
enters  on  the  e.  side,  between  33°  and  32°,  and 
is  from  200  to  300  yards  wide.  At  31°  the  Red 
river  comes  in  from  the  w.  It  is  as  large,  and 
discharges  as  much  water  as  the  Arkansas,  and 
is  navigable  for  steamboats.  Here  the  3Iissis- 
sippi  carries  its  greatest  volume  of  water,  as  im- 
mediately below  this,  and  at  intervals,  it  divides 
into  several  large  outlets.  From  an  old  bed  of 
the  river,  which  communicates  with  both  the 
Mississippi  and  Red  rivers,  the  Atchafalaya  dis- 
charges a  great  amount  of  water  into  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico.  A  little  below  Baton  Rouge,  on  the  E. 
side,  the  Ibberville  goes  off,  and  passing  through 
lakes  Maurepas,  Pontchartrain,  and  Borgne,  en- 
ters the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Between  Atchafalaya 
and  N.  Orleans,  pass  off  Plaquemine  and  Bayou 
Lafourche,  on  the  w.  side,  the  former  joining  the 
Atchafalaya,  and  the  latter  entering  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico.  The  average  width  of  the  Mississippi, 
below  the  Missouri,  is  about  a  mile ;  but  the  large 
rivers  which  enter  it  greatly  increase  its  depth. 
Its  medial  current  is  about  4  ms.  an  hour.  At 
the  head  of  the  Delta,  the  depth  is  from  75  to  80 
feet;  at  New  Orleans  it  is  100.  At  the  distance 
of  105  ms.  below  New  Orleans,  by  the  course 
of  the  river,  but  90  in  a  direct  course,  this  majes- 
tic river  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  by  several 
mouths,  the  principal  of  which  are  called  the 
Balize,  or  Northeast  Pass,  in  29°  7'  n.  lat.,  and 
89°  10'  w.  Ion.,  and  the  Southwest  Pass,  in  29° 
N.  lat.,  and  89°  25'  w.  Ion.  Draining  a  country 
of  over  1,000,000  square  miles  in  extent,  it  would 
naturally  be  expected  that  its  spring  floods  would 
be  vast ;  and  in  consequence  of  them,  it  over- 
flows its  banks  at  that  season  to  a  great  extent. 
From  the  sources  to  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri, 
the  flood  commences  in  March,  and  does  not  sub- 
side before  the  last  of  May,  at  an  average  height 
of  15  feet.  From  the  Missouri  to  the  Ohio,  it 
rises  25  feet ;  and  below  the  Ohio,  for  a  great 
distance,  50  feet.  At  every  flood  it  overspreads 
a  country,  chiefly  on  its  western  side,  from  10  to 
30  ms.  wide,  500  ms.  from  its  mouth.  This  river 
is  extremely  winding  in  its  course,  and  some- 
times a  bend  will  occur  of  30  miles  in  extent,  in 
which  the  distance  across  the  neck  will  not  ex- 
ceed a  mile.  This  circumstance  undoubtedly 
impedes  the  current,  and  thus  favors  navigation. 
The  mighty  volume  of  water  often  carries  away 
a  large  mass  of  earth,  with  its  trees,  from  a  pro- 
jecting point,  and  frequently  endanger  vessels. 
Trees  also  are  often  bedded  in  the  mud,  project- 
ing their  tops,  producing  snags  and  sawyers,  as 
they  are  called,  dangerous  to  navigators.  The 
whirls,  or  eddies,  which  are  produced  by  the  tor- 
tuous course  of  the  river  and  its  projecting  points, 
render  the  navigation  to  a  degree  difficult  and 
dangerous.  Vessels  are  often  from  5  to  30  days 
in  ascending  from  the  mouth  of  the  river  to  New 
Orleans,  though  with  a  favorable  wind,  they  will 
often  descend  in  12  hours.    Before  the  introduo- 


MIS  414  MIS 


tion  of  steamboats,  it  required  8  or  10  weeks  to 
go  from  New  Orleans  to  the  Illinois.  Boats  of 
40  tons  ascend  the  river  to  the  falls  of  St.  Antho- 
ny, more  than  2,000  miles  from  its  mouth.  The 
use  of  steamboats  has  entirely  changed  the  navi- 
gation of  the  Mississippi ;  and  they  have  nearly 
superseded  all  other  vessels  for  ascending  the 
river.  Large  flat-bottomed  boats,  denominated 
arks,  which  are  not  designed  to  return,  are  ex- 


tensively used  for  transportation  down  the  river. 
The  first  steamboat  on  the  western  waters  was 
built  at  Pittsburgh,  in  1811 :  there  are  now  more 
than  300  on  the  Mississippi  and  its  tributaries, 
many  of  them  of  great  burden.  The  passage 
from  Cincinnati  to  New  Orleans  and  back  has 
been  made  in  19  days.  Large  ships  seldom  as- 
cend above  Natchez.  There  are  no  tides  in  the 
Mississippi. 


MISSISSIPPI. 

Mississippi,  one  of  the  southern  United  States,  is  bounded  n.  by  Tennessee;  E.  by  Alabama ; 
s.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  Louisiana;  and  w.  by  Pearl  and  Mississippi  rivers,  which  separate  it 
from  the  state  of  Louisiana  and  Arkansas.  It  is  between  30°  10'  and  35°  s.  lat.,  and  between  80° 
30'  and  81°  35'  w.  Ion.,  and  between  8°  and  11°  30'  w.  Ion.  from  W.  It  is  339  miles  long  from 
N.  to  s.,  and  150  broad  from  e.  to  w.,  containing  45,760  square  miles,  or  29,286,400  acres.  The 
population  in  1816  was  45,929 ;  in  1820,75,448;  in  1830,  136,806;  in  1840,  375,651,  of  which  195,211 
were  slaves.  Of  the  free  population  97,256  were  white  males  ;  81,818  do.  females ;  715  were  color- 
ed males  ;  654  do.  females.  Employed  in  agriculture,  139,724  ;  in  commerce,  1,303 ;  in  manufac- 
tures and  trades,  4,151 ;  navigating  the  ocean,  33 ;  do.  rivers,  canals,  &c,  100 ;  learned  professions, 
1,506.. 

This  state  is  divided  into  56  counties,  which  with  their  population  in  1840,  and  their  capitals, 
were  as  follows  :  Northern  District— Attala,  4,303,  Koscuisko ;  Bolivar,  1,356,  Bolivar ;  Car- 
roll, 10,481,  Carrollton ;  Chickasaw,  2,955,  Houston  ;  Choctaw,  6,010,  Greensboro  ;  Coahoma, 
1,290>  Coahoma  C.  H. ;  De  Soto,  7,002,  Hernando ;  Itawamba,  5,375,  Fulton  ;  Lafayette,  6,531, 
Oxford ;  Lowndes,  14,513,  Columbus  ;  Marshall,  17,526,  Holly  Springs ;  Monroe,  9,250,  Athens ; 
Noxubee,  9,975,  Macon ;  Octibbeha,  4,276,  Starkville ;  Ponola,  4,657,  Ponola  ;  Pontotoc,  4,491, 
Pontotoc ;  Tallahatchie,  2,985,  Charleston ;  Tippah,  9,444,  Ripley ;  Tishamingo,  6,631,  Jacinto ; 
Tunica,  821,  Peyton  ;  Winston,  4,650,  Louisville  ;  Yalabusha,  12,248,  Coffeeville.  Southern 
District— Ad ams,  19,434,  Natchez;  Amite,  9,511,  Liberty;  Claiborne,  13,078,  Port  Gibson; 
Clarke,  2,986,  Quitman;  Copiah,  8,954,  Gallatin ;  Covington,  2,717,  Williamsburg ;  Franklin, 

4,775,  Meadville;  Greene,  1,636,  Leakeville  ;  Hancock,  3,367,  Shieldsborough ;  Harrison, 

Mississippi  City ;  Hinds,  19,098,  Raymond ;  Holmes,  9,452,  Lexington ;  Jackson,  1,965,  Jackson 
C.  H.;  Jasper,  3,953,  Paulding  ;  Jefferson,  11,650,  Fayette;  Jones,  1,258,  Ellisville  ;  Kemper, 
7,663,  DeKalb ;  Lauderdale,  5,358,  Marion ;  Lawrence,  5,920,  Monticello;  Leake,  2,162,  Car- 
thage ;  Madison,  15,530,  Canton ;  Neshoba,  2,437,  Philadelphia ;  Newton,  2,527,  Decatur ;  Per- 
ry, 1,889,  Augusta ;  Pike,  6,151,  Holmesville ;  Rankin,  4,631,  Brandon  ;  Scott,  1,653,  Hillsbo- 
rough; Simpson,  3,330,  Westville  ;  Smith,  1,961,  Raleigh;  Warren,  15,820,  Vicksburg;  Wash- 
ington, 7,287,  Princeton ;  Wayne,  2,120,  Winchester;  Wilkinson,  14, 193,  Woodville ;  Yazoo, 
10,480,  Benton. 

The  southern  part  of  this  state  for  about  100  miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  is  mostly  a  sandy, 
level  pine  forest,  interspersed  with  cypress  swamps,  open  prairies,  and  inundated  marshes,  and  a 
few  hills  of  moderate  elevation.  This  region  is  generally  healthy,  and  by  cultivation  produces 
cotton,  Indian  corn,  indigo,  sugar,  and  plums,  cherries,  peaches,  figs,  sour  oranges,  and  grapes.  As 
you  proceed  further  north,  the  country  becomes  more  elevated  and  agreeably  diversified,  and  the 
soil  is  a  deep  rich  mold,  producing  abundantly,  cotton,  Indian  corn,  sweet  potatoes,  indigo,  peaches, 
melons,  and  grapes.  The  natural  growth  of  timber  consists  of  poplar,  hickory,  oak,  black  walnut, 
sugar  maple,  cotton  wood,  magnolia,  lime,  and  sassafras.  The  country  in  the  north  part  of  the 
state  is  healthy  and  productive  ;  and  the  lands  watered  by  the  Yazoo,  through  its  whole  course, 
in  the  n.  w.,  are  very  fertile.  The  Mississippi  river,  with  its  various  windings,  borders  this  state 
about  700  miles ;  and  its  margin  consists  of  inundated  swamp,  covered  with  a  large  growth  of 

timber.     Back  of  this,  the  surface  suddenly  rises  into  what  are  called  bluffs  ;  and  behind  these 

the  country  is  a  moderately  elevated  table  land,  with  a  diversified  surface.     Cotton  is  the  principal 

production  of  this  state,  as  it  is  found  to  be  more  profitable  than  others  to  which  the  soil  is  also  well 

adapted. 

In  this  state  there  were  in  1840,  109,227  horses  and  mules  ;  623,197  neat  cattle  ;  128,367  sheep  ; 

1,001,209  swine ;  poultry  to  the  value  of  $369,482.  There  were  produced  196,626  bushels  of  wheat ; 

1*654  of  barley ;   668,624  of  oats  ;    11,444  of  rye ;  13,161,237  of  Indian  corn  ;  175,196  pounds  of 

wool;  6,835  of  wax;  1,630,100  bushels  of  potatoes;  83,471  pounds  of  tobacco;  777,195  of  rice; 

193,401,577  of  cotton.   The  produce  of  the  dairy  was  valued  at  $359,585  ;  of  the  orchard  at  $14,458  ; 

of  lumber  $192,794 ;  tar,  pitch,  &c,  2,248  barrels. 
The  climate  is  mild,  but  very  variable.    The  extremes  of  heat  and  cold  at  Natchez,  for  1840,  were 

from  26  to  94  of  Fahrenheit    The  sugar  cane  and  orange  tree  cannot  be  cultivated  with  success  n. 

of  lat.  31° 


MIS 415 MIS 

The  Mississippi  river  washes  the  entire  western  border  of  this  slate.  The  Yazoo  is  the  largest 
river  that  has  its  whole  course  in  the  state.  It  rises  in  the  n.  w.  part,  and  after  a  course  of  250 
miles,  enters  the  Mississippi.  The  Pascagoula  river,  after  a  course  of  250  miles,  enters  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico.  At  its  mouth  it  widens  into  a  bay,  on  which  stands  the  town  of  Pascagoula.  It  is 
navigable  for  a  considerable  distance  for  small  vessels.  The  Big  Black  river,  after  a  course  of  200 
miles,  enters  the  Mississippi  just  above  Grand  Gulf.  It  has  a  boat  navigation  of  50  miles.  Pearl 
river  rises  in  the  central  part  of  this  state  and  passes  through  it  to  the  s.,  and  in  its  lower  part 
forms  the  boundary  between  this  state  and  Louisiana,  and  enters  the  Rigolets  between  lakes 
Pontchartrain  and  Borgne.  Its  navigation  is  much  impeded  by  shallows,  sand-bars,  and  obstruc- 
tions of  timber.  Homochitto  is  a  considerable  river  which  enters  the  Mississippi.  Besides  these 
there  are  a  few  other  small  rivers  amd  creeks.  A  chain  of  low  sandy  islands,  6  or  7  miles  from 
the  shore,  enclose  several  bays  or  sounds,  the  largest  of  which  are  Pascagoula  Sound  and  Lake 
Borgne,  which  lies  partly  in  Louisiana. 

This  state  has  but  60  miles  of  seacoast,  and  no  harbor  for  that  distance  but  that  of  Mississippi 
City,  which  does  not  admit  of  large  vessels.  The  largest  and  most  commercial  place  in  the  state 
is  Natchez,  on  the  e.  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  situated  chiefly  on  a  high  bluff,  300  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  river,  and  300  miles  above  New  Orleans.  Vicksburgh,  106  miles  above  Natchez,  and 
12  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Yazoo  river,  is  a  growing  place  and  has  an  extensive  trade. 
The  other  principal  places  are,  Jackson,  on  Pearl  river ;  Woodville,  18  miles  from  the  Mississippi, 
in  the  s.  w.  part  of  the  state  ;  Port  Gibson,  and  Grand  Gulf,  its  port  on  the  Mississippi ;  Columbus, 
on  the  Tombigbee ;  and  Pontotoc  and  Hernando,  in  the  n.,  and  Mississippi  City,  on  the  gulf 
shore. 

There  were  in  this  state  in  1840,7  commercial  and  67  commission  houses  engaged  m  foreign 
trade,  with  a  capital  of  $673,900 ;  755  retail  drygoods  and  other  stores,  employing  a  capital  of 
$5,004,420;  228  persons  engaged  in  the  lumber  trade,  employing  a  capital  of  $132,175;  40  persons 
employed  in  internal  transportation,  and  15  butchers,  packers,  &c,  employing  a  capital  of  $4,250. 

The  amount  of  home-made  or  family  articles  was  $682,945 ;  there  were  53  cotton  manufactories, 
with  318  spindles,  employing  81  persons,  producing  articles  1o  the  amount  of  $1,744,  with  a  capital 
of  $6,420 ;  hats  and  caps  were  produced  to  the  amount  of  $5,140,  employing  13  persons,  with  a 
capital  of  $8,100;  128  tanneries  employed  149  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $70,870;  42  other 
manufactories  of  leather,  as  saddleries,  &c,  produced  articles  to  the  amount  of  $118,167,  and 
employed  a  capital  of  $41,945 ;  1  pottery,  employing  2  persons,  produced  to  the  amount  of  $1,200, 
with  a  capital  of  $200 ;  4  persons  produced  drugs  and  paints  to  the  amount  of  $3,125,  with  a  capi- 
tal of  $500 ;  2  persons  produced  confectionery  to  the  amount  of  $10,500 ;  274  persons  produced 
machinery  to  the  amount  of  $242,225  ;  693  persons  produced  bricks  and  lime  to  the  amount  of 
$273,870,  with  a  capital  of  $222,745 ;  there  were  produced  312,084  pounds  of  soap,  31,957  do.  of 
tallow  candles,  and  97  do.  of  spermaceti  candles  ;  132  persons  produced  carriages  and  wagons  to 
the  amount  of  $49,693,  with  a  capital  of  $34,345 ;  16  flouring  mills  produced  1,809  barrels  of  flour, 
and  with  other  mills  employed  923  persons,  and  manufactured  articles  to  the  amount  of  $486,864, 
with  a  capital  of  $1,219,845  ;  vessels  were  built  to  the  amount  of  $13,925  ;  furniture  was  manu- 
factured by  41  persons,  to  the  amount  of  $34,450,  with  a  capital  of  $28,610  ;  14  distilleries  produced 
3,150  gallons,  and  2  breweries  produced  132  gallons,  employing  12  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $910  ; 
144  stone  or  brick  houses,  and  2,247  wooden  houses,  were  built  by  2,487  persons,  and  cost  $1,175,513 ; 
28  printing  offices,  and  1  bindery,  2  daily,  1  semi-weekly,  and  28  weekly  newspapers,  employed 
94  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $83,510.  The  whole  amount  of  capital  employed  in  manufactures 
was  $1,797,727. 

There  are  three  colleges  in  this  state.  Jefferson  College,  at  Washington,  6  miles  E.  of  Natchez, 
was  founded  in  1802,  and  has  been  liberally  endowed  ;  Oakland  College,  at  Oakland,  was  founded 
in  1831,  and  is  a  flourishing  institution ;  Mississippi  College,  at  Clinton,  was  founded  in  1830.  In 
these  institutions  there  were  in  1840,  about  250  students.  There  were  in  the  state  71  academies, 
with  2,553  students ;  and  382  primary  and  common  schools,  with  8,236  scholars.  There  were  8,360 
white  persons  over  20  years  of  age  who  could  neither  read  nor  write. 

The  Methodists  and  Baptists  are  the  most  numerous  religious  denominations  in  this  state.  In 
1835,  the  Methodists  had  53  travelling  preachers,  and  9,707  communicants ;  the  Baptists  had  84 
churches,  34  ministers,  and  3,199  communicants  ;  the  Episcopalians  had  4  ministers;  the  Presby- 
terians of  different  descriptions  had  32  churches,  and  26  ministers. 

In  the  beginning  of  1840,  there  were  38  banks  and  branches  in  this  state,  with  an  aggregate  cap- 
ital of  $30,379,403,  and  a  circulation  of  $15,171,639.  At  the  close  of  1840,  the  state  debt  amount- 
ed to  $12,400,000. 

The  constitution  of  this  state  was  formed  in  1817.  The  governor  is  elected  by  the  people,  for 
2  years,  on  the  first  Monday  of  August.  A  lieutenant-governor  is  chosen  at  the  same  time  for  the 
same  period,  who  is  president  of  the  senate  ;  and,  in  case  of  the  death,  resignation,  or  absence  of 
the  governor,  his  duties  devolve  on  the  lieutenant-governor.    The  senators  are  elected  for  three 


MIS 


416 


MIS 


years,  one  third  of  the  number  being  chosen  annually.  They  cannot  be  less  than  one  fourth,  nor 
more  than  one  third  of  the  whole  number  of  the  representatives.  The  representatives  are  elected 
annually  on  the  first  Monday  in  August,  in  the  ratio  of  one  to  every  3,000  white  inhabitants.  Each 
county,  however,  is  entitled  to  one,  though  the  number  of  its  inhabitants  should  not  equal  that 
number.  The  general  assembly  meets  annually  at  Jackson,  on  the  first  Monday  of  November. 
Every  free  white  male  citizen  of  the  United  States,  of  21  years  of  age,  who  has  resided  in  the 
state  one  year  next  preceding  the  election,  and  6  months  in  the  county,  city,  or  town  in  which  he 
offers  to  vote,  and  is  enrolled  in  the  militia,  unless  exempt  from  military  duty,  or  has  paid  a  state 
or  county  tax,  enjoys  the  right  of  suffrage.  The  judges  of  the  supreme  court  are  appointed  by  the 
general  assembly,  and  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior,  or  until  they  are  65  years  of  age. 

The  following  works  of  internal  improvement  have  been  undertaken.  West  Feliciana  railroad 
extends  from  St.  Francisville,  in  Louisiana,  on  the  Mississippi,  271  miles,  to  Woodville,  in  Mississip- 
pi, and  cost  $500,000.  Vicksburgh  and  Clinton  railroad  extends  from  Vicksburgh,  45  miles,  to  Jack- 
son, the  capital  of  the  state,  with  a  branch  to  Raymond,  6£  miles.  The  New  Orleans  and  Nashville 
railroad  will  extend  through  this  state.  The  Mississippi  railroad,  to  extend  from  Natchez,  112  miles, 
to  Jackson,  is  finished  to  Malcom,  a  distance  of  40  miles.  The  Jackson  and  Brandon  railroad  is 
14  miles  long,  and  connects  these  places.  The  Grand  Gulf  and  Port  Gibson  railroad  is  7i  miles 
long,  connecting  the  two  places.  Several  other  railroads  are  proposed,  which  are  those  from 
Natchez  to  Woodville,  41  miles ;  from  Manchester  to  Benton,  14  miles ;  from  Princeton  to  Deer 
Creek,  20  miles ;  from  Brandon  to  Mobile,  and  from  Columbus  to  Aberdeen. 

In  1716,  the  French  formed  a  settlement  where  the  city  of  Natchez  now  stands,  and  laid  claim 
to  the  country  as  belonging  to  Louisiana.  This  colony  was  afterward  destroyed  by  the  Indians  in 
the  vicinity.  In  1763,  the  country  was  ceded  to  the  British.  North  of  the  31st  degree  of  n.  lat. 
this  territory  was  within  the  chartered  limits  of  Georgia.  In  1795,  the  legislature  of  Georgia  sold 
22,000,000  acres  of  land  in  this  state,  called  the  Yazoo  purchase,  to  4  companies,  for  $500,000,  who 
subsequently  sold  it  at  an  advanced  price  to  various  persons,  mostly  in  the  eastern  and  middle 
states.  The  next  year  the  legislature  declared  the  sale  unconstitutional,  and  ordered  the  records 
of  it  to  be  burned,  without  refunding  the  money.  The  part  of  this  state  south  of  lat.  31°  n.  be- 
longed to  Florida,  and  was  purchased  with  it  by  the  United  States,  of  Spain,  in  1821.  In  1798, 
this  state  together  with  Alabama  were  constituted  a  territory  under  the  name  of  the  Mississippi 
territory,  and  continued  under  this  government  until  1817,  when  this  state  formed  a  constitution, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  Union. 


Mississippi,  county,  Ark.  Situated  in  the  n. 
e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,000  sq.  ms. 
It  lies  between  Mississippi  r.  on  the  E.,  and  St. 
Francis  r.  on  the  w.  Drained  by  Whitewater  r. 
Capital,  Osceola.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  3,042,  sheep  76,  swine  5,022 ;  Ind.  corn 
107,615  bush,  produced,  potatoes  3,908,  cotton 
22,500;  1  store,  cap.  $14,000;  1  sch.  25  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  900,  slaves  510  ;  total  1,410. 

Mississippi  City,  p-v.,  capital  of  Harrison  co., 
Miss.,  265  s.  s.  e.  Jackson,  1,143  W.  Situated 
on  the  Gulf  coast.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Mississippi,  t.,  Scott  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  615. 

Missouri,  a  large  river  in  the  United  States, 
rises  in  the  Rocky  mountains,  and  takes  this 
name  after  the  union  of  three  branches,  denomi- 
nated Jefferson,  Gallatin,  and  Madison,  in  45°  10' 
n.  lat.,  and  110  w.  Ion.  The  spring  sources  of 
the  Missouri  and  those  of  the  Columbia,  which 
flows  w.  to  the  Pacific,  are  not  more  than  a  mile 
apart.  At  the  distance  of  411  miles  from  the 
extreme  point  of  navigation  of  its  head  branches, 
the  Missouri  passes  through  the  Rocky  moun- 
tains by  what  is  denominated  the  Gates,  the 
view  of  which  is  exceedingly  grand.  For  a  dis- 
tance of  6  miles,  the  rocks  rise  perpendicularly 
from  the  water's  edge  to  the  height  of  nearly 
1,200  feet.  The  river  is  compressed  to  the  width 
of  150  yards,  and  rushes  impetuously  through 
this  great  mountain  passage.  110  miles  below 
this,  and  521  from  its  source,  are  the  great  falls, 
2,575  ms.  above  its  entrance  into  the  Mississippi. 
The  river  descends  357  feet  in  18  miles, _by  a 
succession  of  falls.  The  greatest  fall  is  87  feet 
perpendicular,  and  the  next  is  47.  The  width 
of  the  river  is  here  about  350  yards,  and  these 


falls,  next  to  Niagara,  are  probably  the  grandest 
in  the  world.  The  Yellowstone  r.,  800  yards 
wide  at  its  mouth,  enters  the  Missouri  from  the 
s.  w.,  521  miles  from  its  source,  and  1,880  miles 
from  its  mouth.  The  Chienne,  400  yards  at  its 
mouth,  enters  it  on  the  s.  w.,  1,310  miles  from  its 
mouth.  The  White  river,  300  yards  wide,  enters 
it  on  the  s.  w.,  1,130  miles  from  its  mouth.  The 
James  and  the  Big  Sioux  enter  it  from  the  n.  e. 
The  Platte,  600  yards  wide,  enters  it  from  the  s.  w\, 
2,496  miles  from  its  source,  and  600  from  its 
mouth,  in  lat.  41°  4'  N.  The  Kansas,  233  yards 
wide,  enters  it  from  the  s.  w.,  340  miles  from  its 
mouth,  in  lat.  39°  5',  2,756  miles  from  its  source. 
Grand  river  enters  it  from  the  n.  e.,  240  miles 
from  its  mouth,  and  is  190  yards  wide.  La  Mine 
river  enters  it  from  the  s.  \v.  Osage  river,  397 
yards  wide,  enters  it  from  the  s.  w.,  200  miles 
from  its  mouth,  2,963  miles  from  its  source,  in 
lat.  38°  45'.  The  Gasconade  also  enters  it  from  the 
s.  w.  The  Missouri  enters  the  Mississippi  3,096 
miles  from  its  source,  which  added  to  1,3J5  miles, 
the  distance  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  makes  its 
whole  length  4,491  miles.  Through  this  vast 
length  there  is  no  substantial  obstruction  to  the 
navigation,  excepting  the  great  falls.  Its  prin- 
cipal tributaries  are  each  navigable  from  100  to 
800  miles.  Through  the  greater  part  of  its 
course  the  Missouri  is  a  rapid  and  turbid  stream. 
The  fertile  land  on  its  margin,  and  on  those  of 
its  tributaries,  is  not  very  broad,  and  back  of  this 
are  prairies  of  vast  extent.  The  country  which 
it  waters,  is  much  of  it  not  as  inviting  for  set- 
tlement as  that  of  some  of  the  other  tributaries  of 
the  Mississippi.  The  river  is  half  a  mile  wide  at 
its  entrance  into  the  Mississippi,  but  through 
the  greater  part  of  its  course  it  is  much  wider. 


MIS 417 MIS 

MISSOURI. 

Missouri,  one  of  the  western  United  States,  is  bounded  n.  by  Iowa  Territory ;  e.  by  Illinois, 
Kentucky,  and  Tennessee,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Mississippi  river  ;  s.  by  Arkansas  ; 
and  w.  by  the  Indian  Territory.  It  is  between  36°  and  40°  36'  n.  lat.,  and  between  89°  and  95° 
30'  w.  Ion.,  and  between  12°  17'  and  17°  28'  w.  Ion.  from  W.  It  is  287  miles  long,  and  230  broad, 
containing  64,000  square  miles,  or  40,960,000  acres.  The  population  in  1810,  was  19,833  ;  in  1820, 
66,586 ;  in  1830,  140,074 ;  in  1840,  383,702,  of  which  58,240  were  slaves.  Of  the  free  population, 
173,470  were  white  males  ;  150,418  do.  females ;  883  were  colored  males ;  691  do.  females.  Em- 
ployed in  agriculture,  92,408  ;  in  commerce,  2,522  ;  in  manufactures  and  trades,  11,100  ;  in  mining, 
742  ;  navigating  the  ocean,  39  ;  do.  canals,  rivers,  &c.  1,885  ;  learned  professions,  1,469. 

This  state  is  divided  into  62  counties,  which,  with  their  population  in  1840,  and  their  capitals, 
were  as  follows  :  Audrain,  1,949,  Mexico;  Barry,  4,795,  McDonald;  Benton,  4,205,  Warsaw; 
Boone,  13,561,  Columbia;  Buchanan,  6,237,  Sparta;  Caldwell,  1,458,  Far  West;  Callaway, 
11,765,  Fulton ;  Cape  Girardeau,  9,359,  Jackson;  Carroll,  2,433,  Carrollton  ;  Chariton,  4,746, 
Keytesville ;  Clark,  2,846,  Waterloo ;  Clay,  8,282,  Liberty  ;  Clinton,  2,724,  Plattsburg ;  Cole, 
9,286,  Jefferson  City;  Cooper,  10,484,  Booneville  ;  Crawford,  3,561,  Steelville  ;  Daviess,  2,736, 
Gallatin ;  Franklin,  7,515,  Union  ;  Gasconade,  5,330,  Herman  ;  Greene,  5,372,  Springfield ;  How- 
ard, 13,108,  Fayette ;  Jackson,  7,612,  Independence  ;  Jefferson,  4,296,  Hillsboro' ;  Johnson, 
4,471,  Warrensburg  ;  La  Fayette,  6,815,  Lexington ;  Lewis,  6,040,  Monticello  ;  Lincoln,  7,449, 
Troy  ;  Linn,  2,245,  Linneus ;  Livingston,  4,325,  Chilicothe ;  Macon,  6,034,  Bloomington  ;  Madi- 
son, 3,395,  Fredericktown ;  Marion,  9,623,  Palmyra;  Miller,  2,282,  Tuscumbia;  Monroe, 
9,505,  Paris;  Morgan,  4,407,  Versailles ;  Montgomery,  4,371,  Danville;  New  Madrid,  4,554, 
New  Madrid,  Newton,  3,790,  Neosho;  Perry,  5r760,  Perry ville  ;  Pettis,  2,930,  Georgetown; 
Platte,  8,913,  Platte  City ;  Pike,  10,646,  Bowling  Green  ;  Polk,  8,449,  Bolivar;  Pulaski,  6,529, 
Waynesville  ;  Ralls,  5,670,  New  London  ;  Randolph,  7,198,  Huntsville ;  Ray,  6,553,  Richmond ; 
Ripley,  2,856,  Van  Buren ;  Rives,  (name  changed  to  Henry,)  4,726,  Clinton ;  St.  Charles,  7,911, 
St.  Charles;  St.  Francis,  3,211,  Farmington ;  St.  Genevieve,  3,148,  St.  Genevieve;  St. 
Louis,  35,979,  St.  Louis ;  Saline,  5,258,  Marshall ;  Scott,  5,974,  Benton  ;  Shelby,  3,056,  Shelby- 
ville;  Stoddard,  3,153,  Bloomfield ;  Taney,  3,264,  Forsyth;  Van  Buren,  4,693,  Harrisonville ; 
Warren,  4,253,  Warrenton;  Washington,  7,213,  Potosi ;  Wayne,  3,403,  Greenville.  There  have 
been  several  new  counties  erected  since  1840. 

Jefferson  City,  on  the  s.  bank  of  the  Missouri  river,  15  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Osage  r.,  is 
the  seat  of  government. 

This  state  presents  a  great  variety  of  surface  and  of  soil.  Alluvial  or  bottom  land  is  found  on 
the  margin  of  the  rivers  ;  receding  from  them,  the  land  rises,  sometimes  almost  imperceptibly,  some- 
times very  abruptly,  into  elevated  barrens  or  rocky  ridges.  In  the  interior,  bottoms  and  barrens, 
naked  hills  and  prairies,  heavy  forests  and  streams  of  water,  may  often  be  seen  at  one  view,  pre- 
senting a  diversified  and  beautiful  landscape.  The  southeast  part  of  the  state  has  a  very  exten- 
sive tract  of  low  marshy  country,  abounding  in  lakes,  and  liable  to  inundation.  Back  of  this,  a 
hilly  country  extends  as  far  as  the  Osage  river.  This  portion  of  the  state,  though  not  generally 
distinguished  for  the  fertility  of  its  soil,  though  it  is  interspersed  with  fertile  portions,  is  particularly 
celebrated  for  its  mineral  treasures.  Of  the  minerals  and  fossils  already  discovered,  the  principal 
are  lead,  coal,  plaster,  iron,  manganese,  zinc,  antimony,  cobalt,  various  kinds  of  ochre,  common 
salt,  nitre,  plumbago,  porphyry,  jasper,  chalcedony,  and  marble.  Lead  is  extensively  found  ;  a  dis- 
trict 100  miles  long  and  40  broad,  the  centre  of  which  is  70  miles  s.  w.  of  St.  Louis,  and  about  35 
from  Herculaneum,  is  the  part  of  the  state  where  it  is  procured  in  the  greatest  abundance.  This 
lead  region  covers  an  area  of  more  than  3,000  square  miles.  The  ore  is  of  the  richest  kind,  and 
exists  in  quantities  more  than  sufficient  to  supply  the  demand  of  the  whole  United  States.  The 
iron  mines  are  scarcely  less  remarkable  than  the  lead.  In  St.  Francis  county  exists  the  celebra- 
ted "  mountain"  of  micaceous  oxide  of  iron,  which  has  an  elevation  of  300  feet  above  the  surround- 
ing plain,  is  a  mile  and  a  half  across  its  summit,  and  yields  80  per  of  cent  pure  metal.  Five  miles 
south  is  another  magnificent  pyramidal  "  mountain,"  denominated  the  Pilot  Knob,  300  feet  high, 
with  a  base  a  mile  and  a  half  in  circumference,  of  the  same  rich  species  of  iron  ore.  This  pyra- 
mid is  not  in  plates,  but  huge  masses  of  several  tons  in  weight,  which  yields  also  80  per  cent 
of  pure  metal.  Wasliington  county  is  a  perfect  bed  of  metallic  treasures.  Throughout  the  mineral 
district,  are  found  beds  of  rich,  red,  marl  clay,  which  proves  to  be  the  very  best  manure  for  the 
soil.  Between  the  Osage  and  Missouri  rivers,  is  a  tract  of  country  very  fertile,  and  agreeably 
diversified  with  woodland  and  prairie,  and  abounding  with  coal,  salt  springs,  &c.  The  country 
north  of  the  Missouri  is  emphatically  the  "  garden  of  the  west."  There  is  no  part  in  the  world 
where  a  greater  extent  of  country  can  be  traversed  more  easily,  when  in  its  natural  state.  The 
surface  is  for  the  most  part  delightfully  rolling  and  variegated,  sometimes  rising  into  picturesque 
hills,  then  stretching  away  into  a  sea  of  prairie,  occasionally  interspersed  with  shady  groves  and 

53 


MIS  418 MIS 

shining  streams.  Almost  every  acre  of  this  country  is  susceptible  of  high  agricultural  improve- 
ment. The  chief  productions  are  tobacco,  cotton,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  rye,  oats,  barley,  and  grasses. 
Large  numbers  of  horses,  mules,  horned  cattle,  sheep,  and  hogs  are  annually  raised  for  exportation. 
In  the  year  1840,  there  were  in  this  state  196,132  horses  and  mules ;  433,875  neat  cattle  ;  348,018 
sheep;  1,271,161  swine  ;  poultry  valued  at  $270,647.  There  were  produced  1,037,386  bushels  of 
Wheat;  9,801  of  barley ;  2,234,947  of  oats ;  68,608  of  rye ;  15,318  of  buckwheat ;  17,332,524  of  In- 
dian corn  ;  562,265  pounds  of  wool ;  56,461  of  wax  ;  783,768  bushels  of  potatoes ;  49,083  tons  of 
hay;  18,010  of  hemp  and  flax  ;  9,067,913  pounds  of  tobacco  ;  121,121  of  cotton  ;  274,853  of  sugar. 
The  products  of  the  dairy  were  valued  at  $100,432 ;  of  the  orchard  at  $90,878 ;  of  lumber  at 
$70,355. 

The  climate  of  this  state,  though  generally  healthy,  is  subject  to  great  extremes  of  heat  and  cold. 
The  Missouri  is  frozen  so  hard  for  a  number  of  weeks  in  the  winter,  as  to  be  safely  crossed  with 
loaded  wagons.  In  the  summer,  the  heat  is  often  great,  but  the  air  is  generally  pure,  and  dry,  and 
salubrious. 

The  Mississippi  winds  along  the  entire  eastern  boundary  of  the  state,  for  a  distance  of  400  miles, 
and  receives  in  its  course  the  waters  of  the  great  Missouri,  which,  indeed,  deserves  to  be  regarded 
as  the  main  stream.  Through  the  central  and  richest  part  of  the  state  the  Missouri  rolls  its  im- 
mense volume  of  water,  being  navigable  for  steamboats  1,800  ms.  from  its  entrance  into  the  Mississip- 
pi, for  4  or  5  months  in  the  year.  The  La  Mine,  Osage,  and  Gasconade  on  the  s.,  and  the  Grand  and 
Chariton  on  the  n.  side,  are  navigable  tributaries  of  the  Missouri.  Maramec  river  runs  through  the 
mineral  district,  is  a  navigable  stream,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  18  miles  below  St.  Louis.  Salt 
river,  which  is  also  navigable,  enters  the  Mississippi  85  miles  above  the  Missouri.  The  White  and 
St.  Francis  drain  the  s.  e.  and  the  tributaries  of  the  Neosho  the  s.  w.  part  of  the  state. 

St.  Louis  is  much  the  largest  and  most  commercial  place  in  the  state.  It  is  situated  on  the  w. 
bank  of  the  Mississippi,  18  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri.  St.  Genevieve,  about  100  miles 
w.  of  the  Mississippi,  and  64  below  St.  Louis,  is  settled  principally  by  French,  and  has  consid- 
erable trade,  particularly  in  lead.  Potosi,  in  the  mining  district,  is  a  flourishing  town.  Herculane- 
um  is  the  principal  place  of  deposit  for  lead  from  the  mines.  New  Madrid  is  the  most  noted  land- 
ing place  for  boats  on  the  Mississippi,  above  Natchez,  and  Clarkesville  and  Hannibal  w.  of  St.  Louis. 
St.  Charles,  on  the  Missouri,  20  miles  above  St.  Louis,  is  an  important  place,  and  Booneville,  Lex- 
ington, Liberty,  and  Independence,  in  the  w.  part  of  the  state.  Jefferson  City,  the  capital,  on  the 
Missouri,  134  miles  from  St.  Louis,  is  a  growing  place. 

There  were  in  1810,  3  commercial  and  39  commission  houses  engaged  in  foreign  trade,  with  a 
capital  of  $746,500;  1,107  retail  drygoods  and  other  stores,  with  a  capital  of  $8,158,802:  345 
persons  employed  in  the  lumber  trade,  with  a  capital  of  $318,029 ;  79  persons  engaged  in  internal 
transportation,  who,  with  128  butchers,  packers,  &c,  employed  a  capital  of  $173,650.  The  amount 
of  home-made  or  family  manufactures  was  $1,149,544 ;  there  were  9  woollen  manufactories,  em- 
ploying 13  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $13,750,  and  employing  a  capital  of  $5,000  : 
2  furnaces,  producing  180  tons  of  cast  iron,  and  4  forges,  &c,  producing  118  tons  of  bar  iron,  the 
whole  employing  80  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $79,000 ;  21  smelting  houses,  producing  5,295,455 
pounds  of  lead,  employing  252  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $235,806 ;  69  persons  produced  249,302 
bushels  of  bituminous  coal,  employing  a  capital  of  $9,488;  36  persons  produced  13,150  bushels  of 
salt,  with  a  capital  of  $3,550;  12  potteries  produced  articles  to  the  amount  of  $12,175,  employing 
33  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $7,250 ;  191  persons  produced  machinery  to  the  amount  of  $190,412; 
48  persons  produced  959  small-arms  ;  12  persons  manufactured  the  precious  metals  to  the  amount 
of  $5,450  ;  73  persons  produced  granite  and  marble  to  the  amount  of  $32,050 ;  671  persons  pro- 
duced bricks  and  lime  to  the  amount  of  $185,234 ;  293  distilleries  produced  508,368  gallons,  and  7 
breweries  produced  374,700  gallons,  the  whole  employing  365  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $189,976 ; 
201  persons  produced  carriages  and  wagons  to  the  amount  of  $97,112,  with  a  capital  of  $45,074; 
1  powder  mill,  employing  2  persons,  produced  7,500  pounds  of  gunpowder,  with  a  capital  of  $1,050 ; 
8  persons  produced  drugs  and  paints  to  the  amount  of  $13,500,  with  a  capital  of  $7,000;  64  flour- 
ing mills  produced  49,363  barrels  of  flour,  and,  with  other  mills,  employed  1,326  persons,  producing 
articles  to  the  amount  of  $960,058,  with  a  capital  of  $1,266,019  ;  413  brick  or  stone  houses,  and  2,202 
wooden  houses,  were  built  by  1,966  persons,  and  cost  $1,441,573;  40  printing  offices,  6  daily,  5 
semi-weekly,  or  tri-weekly,  and  24  weekly  newspapers,  employed  143  persons,  and  a  capital  of 
$79,350.    The  whole  amount  of  capital  employed  in  manufactures  was  $2,704,405. 

The  University  of  St.  Louis,  (a  Catholic  institution,)  at  St.  Louis,  was  founded  in  1829 ;  St.  Mary's 
College,  at  Barrens,  (also  Catholic,)  was  founded  in  1830  ;  Marion  College,  at  New  Palmyra,  was 
founded  in  1831 ;  Missouri  University,  at  Columbia,  was  founded  in  1840 ;  St.  Charles  College,  at 
St.  Charles,  is  a  Methodist  institution,  founded  in  1839  ;  Fayette  College,  at  Fayette,  is  a  new  in- 
stitution. In  all  these  colleges  there  were  in  1840,  495  students.  There  were  in  the  state,  47  acad- 
emies, with  1,926  students ;  and  642  primary  and  common  schools,  with  16,788  scholars.  There 
were  19,457  white  persons  over  20  years  of  age  who  could  neither  read  nor  write. 


MOB 


419 


MOB 


In  1836  the  Methodists  had  51  travelling  preachers,  and  8,092  members;  the  Baptists  had  146 
churches,  86  ministers,  and  4,972  communicants  ;  the  Presbyterians  had  33  churches  and  17  min- 
isters ;  the  Roman  Catholics  had  1  bishop  and  30  ministers ;  the  Episcopalians  had  3  ministers. 
Besides  these  there  were  a  considerable  number  of  Cumberland  and  Associate  Reformed  Presby- 
terians, and  1  Unitarian  minister. 

In  1839,  there  were  in  this  state  3  banks  and  branches,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $1,116,123, 
and  a  circulation  of  $410,740. 

At  the  close  of  1840,  the  state  debt  amounted  to  $2,929,557. 

The  constitution  of  tliis  state  was  formed  at  St.  Louis  in  1820.  The  Governor  is  elected  by  the 
people  for  4  years,  but  is  ineligible  for  the  next  succeeding  4  years.  A  lieutenant-governor  is  cho- 
sen at  the  same  time,  and  for  the  same  term,  who  is  president  of  the  senate.  Every  county  is  en- 
titled to  send  one  representative,  but  the  whole  number  can  never  exceed  100.  The  senators  are 
elected  every  4  years,  one  half  retiring  every  second  year ;  and  their  number  can  never  be  less 
than  14,  nor  more  than  33,  chosen  by  districts,  and  apportioned  according  to  the  number  of  free 
white  inhabitants.  The  elections  for  senators  and  representatives  are  held  biennially  in  August. 
The  legislature  meets  once  in  two  years,  in  the  month  of  November,  at  Jefferson  City.  Every 
male  white  citizen,  over  21  years  of  age,  who  has  resided  one  year  in  the  state  and  three  months 
of  it  in  the  county  in  which  he  offers  his  vote,  is  entitled  to  the  right  of  suffrage.  The  judges  of 
the  supreme  court  and  the  chancellor  are  appointed  by  the  governor,  with  the  consent  of  the  sen- 
ate, and  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior,  or  until  65  years  of  age. 

The  territory  of  this  state  was  included  in  Louisiana,  purchased  of  the  French  government  in 
1803.  The  town  of  St.  Louis  was  settled  by  the  French  in  1764,  but  was  little  more  than  a  trading 
post  with  the  Indians,  until  it  came  into  the  possession  of  the  United  Stales.  In  1804  it  was  constitu- 
ted a  territory,  and  in  1821  it  was  admitted  to  the  Union,  after  much  debate  on  the  subject  of  sla- 
very, allowed  by  its  constitution,  under  certain  restrictions. 


Missouri,  t.,  Boone  co ,  Mo.  It  has  8  sch. 
260  scholars.     Pop.  2,964. 

Missouri,  t.,  Scott  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  504. 

Missouri,  p-v.,  Pike  co.,  Ala.,  165  s.  e.  Tusca- 
loosa, 873  W. 

Missouri,  t,  Pike  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  205. 

Missouri,  t.  Hempstead  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1 
grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  sch.  25  scholars.    Pop.  672. 

Missouriton,  p-v.,  St.  Charles  co.,  Mo.,  92  e. 
by  n.  Jefferson  City,  854  W.  Situated  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  Missouri  r. 

Mitchell's  Mills,  p-o.,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  166 
w.  by  n.  Harrisburg,  219  W. 

Mitchell's  Store,  p-o.,  Goochland  co.,  Va., 
41  w.  N.  w.  Richmond,  156  W. 

Mitchell's  Store,  p-o.,  Tishemingo  co., 
Miss.,  213  e.  n.  e.  Jackson,  840  W. 

Mitchell,  t.,  Poinsett  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1  dis- 
tillery, 1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $250.  1  sch. 
17  scholars.     Pop.  414. 

Mitchellsville,  p-v.,  Robertson  co.,  Tenn., 
34  n.  Nashville,  686  W. 

Mixenburgh,  p-v.,  Greene  co.,  Ala. 

Mixville,  p-v.,  Hume  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N. 
Y.,  267  w.  by  s.  Albany,  319  W.  Situated  on 
West  Koy  cr.,  which  has  a  succession  of  falls  of 
73  feet,  affording  extensive  water  power.  It  con- 
tains 1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  and  15  or  20  dwellings. 

Mobile,  bay,  Ala.  The  bay  sets  up  from  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  is  30  ms.  long,  and,  on  an 
average,  12  miles  broad.  It  communicates  with 
the  gulf  by  2  straits,  one  on  each  side  of  Dauphin 
island.  The  strait  on  the  w.  side,  will  not  admit 
of  vessels  drawing  more  than  5  feet  water ;  that 
on  the  e.  side,  between  the  island  and  Mobile 
Point,  has  18  feet  water,  and  the  channel  passes 
within  a  few  yards  of  the  point.  There  is  a  bar 
across  the  bay,  near  its  upper  end,  which  has  only 
11  feet  water. 

Mobile,  r.,  Ala.,  is  formed  by  the  junction  of 
the  Alabama  and  Tombigbee  rivers,  40  ms.  above 
Mobile  city.  A  few  miles  below  the  junction,  it 
divides  into  several  channels.  The  main  west- 
em  channel  is  called  the  Mobile  ;  the  main  east- 
ern channel,  which  is  the  deepest  and  widest, 


is  called  the  Tensaw.  It  is  navigable  for  vessels 
drawing  5  or  6  feet  of  water  by  the  Tombigbee 
branch  to  St.  Stephens,  and  by  the  Alabama 
branch  to  Claiborne.  The  two  branches  unite 
in  31°  06'  n.  lat.,  and  11°  05'  w.  Ion.  from  W.  In 
times  of  flood  it  sometimes  rises  50  or  60  feet. 

Mobile,  county,  Ala.  Situated  in  the  s.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  2,250  square  miles. 
Tombigbee  and  Mobile  rivers  run  on  its  e.  bor- 
der, by  small  branches  of  which  it  is  drained  on 
the  e.  ;  on  the  w.  it  is  drained  by  branches  of 
Pascagoula  r.  Pascagoula  bay  lies  on  its  s.  bor- 
The  surface  is  undulating  near  the  gulf,  and 


dor. 


hilly  toward  the  n.,  ;  and  the  soil  is  sterile,  cov- 
ered chiefly  with  pine  forest.  Capital.  Mobile. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  12,280,  sheep  934, 
swine  8,969 ;  Ind.  corn  31,991  bush,  produced, 
potatoes  32,800;  21  commercial  and  93  commis- 
sion houses,  cap.  $3,129,612;  248  stores,  capital 
$1,861,695 ;  22  grist  m.,  20  saw  m.,  5  printing  of- 
fices, 1  bindery,  3  daily,  4  weekly,  1  semi-week- 
ly newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $475,600.  1 
college,  62  students,  11  acad.  297  students,  11 
sch.  170  scholars.  Pop.  whites  11,763,  slaves 
6,191,  free  col'd787;  total,  18,741. 

Mobile,  city,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of 
Mobile  co.,  Ala.,  217  s.  by  w.  Tuscaloosa,  1,013 
W.  Situated  on  the  w .  side  of  a  river  of  the 
same  name,  at  its  entrance  into  Mobile  bay,  30 
n.  Mobile  Point,  at  the  mouth  of  the  bay,  55  w. 
by  N.  Pensacola,  10  w.  by  s.  Blakeley,  90  by 
land,  and  120  by  water  s.  St.  Stephens,  160  e.  n. 
e.  New  Orleans,  in  30°  40>  n.  lat.,  88°  21'  w.  Ion. 
Pop.  1830,  3,194 ;  1840,  12,672,  of  whom  3,869 
were  slaves.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
market,  custom  house,  city  hospital,  a  United 
States  naval  hospital,  3  banks,  Barton  Academy, 
7  churches— I  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Bap- 
tist, 2  Methodist,  1  Roman  Catholic,  and  1  Afri- 
can. It  is  situated  on  a  beautiful  and  extended 
plain,  elevated  15  feet  above  the  highest  tides, 
open  to  refreshing  breezes  from  the  bay,  and 
commanding  a  beautiful  prospect.  Vessels  draw- 
ing more  than  8  feet  water  pass  up  Spanish  r.,  6 
miles,  around  a  marshy  island  into  Mobile  r.,  and 


MON 


420 


MON 


then  drop  down  to  the  city.  Jt  has  46  wharves 
and  next  to  New  Orleans,  it  is  the  greatest  cotton 
mart  of  the  south ;  320,000  bales  have  been  ex- 
ported in  a  year.  The  exports  amount  to  from 
12  to  16  millions  of  dollars  annually.  Tonnage 
of  the  port,  1840,  17,243.  It  is  defended  by  Fort 
Morgan,  formerly  Fort  Bowyer,  situated  on  a  long, 
low,  sandy  point,  at  the  mouth  of  the  bay,  30  ms. 
below  the  city,  opposite  to  Dauphin  island.  It  was 
surrendered  to  the  Americans  by  Spain  in  1813, 
chartered  as  atown  in  1814,  incorporated  as  a  city 
in  1819.  It  has  suffered  severely  by  fire ;  170  build- 
ings were  burned  in  1827,  and  600  in  1839.  But  it 
has  been  rebuilt,  with  additional  beauty  and  con- 
venience. Excellent  water  is  brought  in  iron  pipes, 
a  distance  of  2  ms.,  and  distributed  over  the  city. 

Mocksville,'  p-v.,  capital  of  Davie  co.,  N.  C, 
141  w.  Raleigh,  369  W. 

Modena,  p-o.,  Plattekill  t.,  Ulster  co.,  N.  Y., 
80  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  300  W. 

Modest  Town,  p-v.,  Accomac  co.,  Va.,  228  e. 
Richmond,  192  W.  Situated  2  ms.  from  tidewa- 
ter. It  contains  1  Baptist  and  1  Methodist  church, 
2  stores,  various  mechanics,  1  tannery,  and  about 
50  inhabitants. 

Moffett's  Store,  p-o.,  New  Lebanon  t.,  Co- 
lumbia co.,  N.  Y.,  19  s.  Albany,  372  W. 

Mofkettsville,  p-v.,  Anderson  dist.,  S.  C, 
117  w.  n.  w.  Columbia,  549  W. 

Moffitt's  Mtlls,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  N.  C, 
67  w.  Raleigh,  341  W. 

Mohawk,  r.,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Oneida  co.,  and 
after  a  course  first  s.  and  then  e.  by  s.,  135  miles, 
it  enters  the  Hudson  r.  by  several  mouths,  at  Wa- 
terford,  8  or  10  ms.  above  Albany.  It  has  2  prin- 
cipal falls,  Little  Falls  of  40  feet,  and  the  Cahoos, 
ot  70  feet  perpendicular,  2  ms.  from  its  mouth. 
Both  these  falls  afford  extensive  water  power. 
Below  the  Cahoos  is  a  bridge  across  the  r.,  from 
which  the  view  of  the  falls  is  sublime  and  beau- 
tiful. The  Erie  canal  passes  along  its  banks,  as 
far  as  Rome.  The  lands  on  the  borders  of  the 
r.  are  very  fertile. 

Mohawk,  p-v.,  German  Flats  t,  Herkimer  co., 
N.  Y.,  79  w.  N.  w.  Albany.  Situated  on  the  s. 
side  of  Mohawk  r.,  on  the  Erie  canal,  and  con- 
tains a  church,  a  bank,  10  stores,  120  dwellings, 
and  about  700  inhabitants. 

Mohawk,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  N.  Y.  It  con- 
tains the  v.  of  Fonda,  the  capital  of  the  county, 
The  surface  is  hilly  N. ;  level,  and  very  fertile  in 
the  valley  of  the  Mohawk,  which  r.  bounds  it  on 
the  s.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $21,000  ;  2  fulling  m., 
1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac.  $17,000.  9  sch.  288  scholars.  Pop.  3,112. 
Mohican,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  O.,  88  N.  e.  Colum- 
bus, 359  W.     Pop.  2,046. 

Mohrsville,  p-o.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  62  e.  Har- 
risburg,  155  W. 

Moira,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  N.  Y.,  227  N.  by  w. 
Albany,  518  W.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  sandy 
loam.  Drained  by  Little  Salmon  r.  The  v.  con- 
tains 1  free  church,  1  store,  and  15  or  20  dwell- 
ings.   9  sch.  322  scholars.     Pop.  962. 

Molltown,  p-v.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  64  e.  Harris- 
burg,  156  W. 

Monadnock  Mountain,  N.  H.,  commonly 
called  Grand  Monadnock,  is  situated  in  Cheshire 
co.,  22  E.  Connecticut  r.,  between  Jaffrey  and 
Dublin.  It  extends  about  5  ms.  from  n.  to  s.,  and 
3  ms.  from  E.  to  w.  It  rises  3,254  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea,  and  may  be  seen  at  the  distance 
of  60  ms.  in  every  direction.  The  summit  con 
sists  of  bald  rock,  and  the  prospect  from  it  is  ex- 
tensive and  grand.  Plumbago  or  blacklead  is 
found,  in  large  quantities  on  its  e.  side.  There 
is  a  mineral  spring  near  its  base  in  Jaffrey. 


Monday  Creek,  t.,  Perry  co.,  O.  It  has  5  sch. 
150  scholars.     Pop.  986. 

Monf.gan,  t.,  Rives  co.,  Mo.  It  has  3  sch.  55 
scholars.     Pop.  1,105. 

Mongoquinong,  p-v.,  La  Grange  co.,  la.,  176 
N.by  e.  Indianapolis,  564  W. 

Monguagon,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  Mich.  Surface 
gently  undulating.  It  is  partly  comprised  of  an 
island  of  the  same  name  in  the  Detroit  strait. 
Pop.  307. 

Monhegan,  Island,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.  It  has  1 
sch.  42  scholars.     Pop.  77. 

Moniteau,  p-t.,  Cole  co.,  Mo.,  20  n.  w.  Jeffer- 
son Citv,  956  W.  It  has  2  sch.  51  scholars.  Pop. 
1,533. 

Moniteau,  t.,  Cooper  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  acad. 
24  students,  4  sch.  120  scholars.     Pop.  1,514. 

Moniteau,  t.,  Howard  co.,  Mo.  It  has  7  sch. 
163  scholars.     Pop.  1,482. 

Monk's  Corners,  p-o.,  Charleston  dist.,  S.  C, 
149  s.  e.  Columbia,  956  W. 

Monkton,  p-t.,  Addison  co.,  Vt,  50  w.  by  s. 
Montpelier,  500  W.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil, 
well  adapted  to  grazing.  Watered  by  branches 
of  Lewis  cr.  On  the  s.  border  of  the  t.  is  a  pond 
a  mile  long  and  half  a  mile  wide,  the  outlet  of 
which  flows  into  Lewis  cr.  Iron  ore  is  found  in 
large  quantities  in  the  s.  part,  of  a  superior  quality. 
A  mile  n.  of  the  ore  bed  is  found  an  extensive  bed 
of  kaolin,  or  porcelain  clay.  The  t.  contains  3 
churches.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $15,000 ;  1  tan- 
nery, 1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$10,500.     12  sch.  555  scholars.     Pop.  1,310. 

Monmouth,  county,  N.  J.  Situated  in  the  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,030  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  generally  level.  The  whole  belongs 
to  the  alluvial  formation,  and  consists  of  clay, 
mingled  with  sand,  gravel,  and  in  low  places, 
vegetable  mold.  In  many  parts  marl  is  found, 
which  is  extensively  and  successfully  used  as  a 
manure.  Drained  by  Manasquan,  Cedar,  Oys- 
ter, Manahocking,  and  Westecunk  creeks,  and 
Nevisink,  Shrewsbury,  Tom's,  and  Forked  rivers. 
From  the  N.,  Millstone  and  South  rivers  flow  to 
the  Raritan,  and  the  w.  sends  forth  the  Assun- 
pink,  the  Crosswick's,  and  the  Rancocus  to  the 
Delaware.  Capital,  Freehold.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  19,592,  sheep  18,694,  swine 
23,241;  wheat  39,368  bush,  prod.,  rye  166,013, 
Ind.  corn  493,554,  buckwheat  39,256,  barley 
3,411,  oats  144,066,  potatoes  273,280,  silk  cocoons 
1,234  pounds ;  147  stores,  cap.  $269,007 ;  8  lum- 
ber yards,  cap.  $9,200 ;  7  furnaces,  2  forges,  2 
fulling  m.,  15  tanneries,  29  distilleries,  1  rope 
fac,  54  grist  m.,  56  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2 
daily  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $245,360. 
2  acad.  Ill  students,  94  sch.  4,995  scholars.  Pop. 
32,909. 

Monmouth,  p-t.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  16  s.  w. 
Augusta,  592  W.  Watered  by  sources  of  Cob- 
besseconte  r.  Incorporated  in  1792.  It  has  a 
pleasant  v.,  in  which  is  an  academy.  It  contains 
7  stores,  cap.  $3,700 ;  1  fulling  m.,  4  tanneries,  3 
flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $9,694.  1  acad.  164  students.  Population 
1,882. 

Monmouth,  p-v.,  Adams  co.,  la.,  135  n.  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 525  W.  Situated  on  the  N.  E.  side  of 
St.  Mary's  r. 

Monmouth,  p-v.,  capital  of  Warren  co.,  111., 
120  n.  w.  Springfield,  850  W.  Situated  in  a 
prairie,  a  little  s.  of  Henderson  r.,  and  contains  a 
court  house,  6  stores  and  groceries,  and  about  20 
dwellings. 

Monohan,  t.,  York  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is 
undulating  ;  soil,  gravelly,  and  calcareous  loam. 
It  has  2  distilleries,  2  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  3 


MON 


421 


MON 


saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $26,400.    4  sch.  1G0 
scholars.     Pop.  770. 

Monongahela,  r.,  Pa.,  rises  in  Randolph  co., 
Va.,  at  foot  of  the  Laurel  mountains,  and  after  a 
course,  in  a  N.  direction,  of  300  ms.,  unites  with 
the  Alleghany  r.,  at  Pittsburg,  to  form  the  Ohio  r. 
It  is  nearly  400  yards  wide  at  its  mouth,  where 
it  is  crossed  by  a*bridge.  It  is  navigable  for  large 
boats  60  ms.  from  its  mouth  to  Brownsville,  and 
for  small  boats,  200  ms.  from  its  mouth.  Its  prin- 
cipal tributaries  are  Cheat  r.  and  Youghiogeny  r., 
which  enter  it  on  the  K.  side. 

Monongahela,  t.,  Greene  co.,  P.,  14  s.  e. 
Waynesburg.  The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  loam. 
Monongahela  r.  bounds  it  on  the  E.  Drained  by 
Whitley  cr.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $15,000;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  4  distille- 
ries, 1  glass  fac,  3  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $19,355.  3  sch.  75  scholars.  Pop.  1,173. 
Monongahela  City,  p-v.,  FallowfTeld  t., 
Washington  co.,  Pa.,  189  w.  Harrisburg,  216  W. 
Monongalia,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  n. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  560  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Monongahela  r.,  and  Cheat  r.,  its 
branch.  The  surface  is  broken;  soil,  fertile. 
Capital,  Morgantown.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  16,220,  sheep  28,817,  swine  19,885  ;  wheat 
166,496  bush,  produced,  rye  6,259,  Ind.  corn 
381,316,  buckwheat  8,936,  oats  320,092,  potatoes 
61,723,  tobacco  14,915  pounds,  sugar  118,569; 
167,200  tons  bituminous  coal;  18  stores,  cap. 
$66,300 ;  7  furnaces,  3  fulling  m.,  13  tanneries, 
19  distilleries,  1  pottery,  3  flouring  m.,  32  grist  m., 
63  saw  m.,  1  paper  fac,  1  printing  office,  1  week- 
ly newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $42,723.  1 
acad.  14  students,  28  sch.  639  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  16,962,  slaves  260,  free  col'd  146 ;  total, 
17,368. 

Monroe,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  toward  the 
N.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  bounded  n.  by  Lake  On- 
tario. It  contains  607  sq.  ms.  Drained  by  Gene- 
see r  ,  and  small  streams,  flowing  into  Lake  On- 
tario. The  surface  is  generally  level,  or  slightly 
undulating;  soil,  a  rich  and  productive  mold. 
The  water  power  furnished  by  the  Genesee  at 
the  falls  in  Rochester,  is  unsurpassed  in  the 
United  States.  Iron  ore,  gypsum,  and  marl,  are 
abundant,  and  there  are  several  sulphur  springs. 
The  Erie  canal,  the  Genesee  Valley  canal,  and 
the  Auburn,  Rochester,  and  Tonawanda  railroad 
pass  through  the  co.  Capital,  Rochester.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  35,335,  sheep  132,970, 
swine  59,399;  wheat  1,074,813  bush,  produced, 
rye  3,447,  Ind.  corn  406,621,  buckwheat  37,024, 
barley  61,787,  oats  523,655,  potatoes  721,520,  su- 
gar 181,119  pounds  ;  2  commercial  houses  in  for. 
trade,  cap.  $15,100;  340  stores,  cap.  $1,568,840; 
5  lumber  yards,  cap.  $32,300;  6  furnaces,  20 
fulling  m.,  12  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  3,000  sp., 
21  tanneries,  7  distilleries,  5  breweries,  2  powder 
m.,  1  pottery,  36  flouring  m.,  18  grist  m.,  69  saw 
m.,  1  oil  m.,  2  paper  fac,  9  printing  offices,  1  bin- 
dery, 2  periodicals,  4  daily,  5  weekly,  1  semi- 
weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,633,714. 
11  acad.  1,466  students,  305  sch.  17,056  scholars. 
Pop.  64,902. 

Monroe,  county,  Pa  Situated  in  the  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  750  sq.  ms.  Lehigh  r. 
bounds  it  on  the  N.  w.,  and  Delaware  r.  on  the  E. 
Drained  by  branches  of  Delaware  and  Lehigh 
rivers.  Surface  hilly  and  broken;  soil,  fertile. 
Capital,  Stroudsburg.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  6,519,  sheep  9,422,  swine  10,642;  wheat 
10,961  bush,  produced,  rye  84,293,  Ind.  corn 
56,391,  buckwheat  50,563,  oats  57,513,  potatoes 
99,237 ;  19  stores,  cap.  $57,500 ;  9  tanneries,  2 
printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers,  1  flouring 


in.,  25  grist  m.,  107  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
S:«,200.  2  acad.,  31  sch.  794  scholars.  Pop. 
1 9,879.  F 

Monroe,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  750  sq.  ms.  New  r. 
rims  on  its  w.  border.  Drained  by  Greenbrier  r. 
The  surface  is  generally  elevated  over  1,500  feet 
above  tidewater.  The  Alleghany  mountains 
pass  through  its  e.  part.  The  soil  is  a  rich  cal- 
careous loam,  adapted  to  grain,  but  especially  to 
grazing.  Capital,  Union.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  12,458,  sheep  20,047,  swine  13,788; 
wheat  67,993  bush,  produced,  rye  33,872,  Ind. 
corn  209,408,  buckwheat  5,742,  oats  124,228,  po- 
tatoes 22,665,  sugar  78,825  pounds;  16  stores, 
cap.  |289,000;  1  woollen  fac,  7  tanneries,  8  dis- 
tilleries, 2  flouring  m.,  24  grist  m.,  29  saw  m.,  3 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $65,395.  1  acad.  60 
students,  5  sch.  119  scholars.  Pop.  whites  7,457 
slaves  868,  free  col'd  97  ;  total,  8,422. 

Monroe,  county,  Geo.  Situated  near  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  370  sq.  ms.  Oc- 
mulgee  r.  runs  on  its  n.  e.  border,  by  branches 
of  which  it  is  drained.  Capital,  Forsyth.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,037,  sheep  5,541, 
swine  35,903;  wheat  62,651  bush,  produced,  rye 
1,508,  Ind.  corn  511,241,  oats  49,931,  potatoes 
18,001,  cotton  4,673,983  pounds ;  13  stores,  cap. 
$52,825  ;  4  tanneries.  Cap.  in  manufac  $20,900. 
17  acad.  752  students,  14  sch.  3S8  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  7,804,  slaves  8,447,  free  cold  24;  total, 
16,275. 

Monroe,  county,  Flor.  Situated  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  peninsula,  having  the  Florida  channel  on 
the  8.,  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  w.  It  contains 
the  Florida  Keys.  The  interior  has  been  but 
little  explored.  It  contains  a  part  of  the  Ever- 
glades, an  inundated  region,  covered  with  pine, 
and  with  hammock  islands.  In  the  N.  w.  part  is 
some  fertile  land.  Capital,  Key  West.  There 
were  in  1840,  4  commission  houses,  cap.  $99,000 ; 
16  stores,  cap.  $31,500;  1  printing  office,  1  week- 
ly newspaper,  3  sch.  23  scholars.     Pop.  683. 

Monroe,  county,  Ala.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  980  sq.  ms.  Wa- 
tered by  Alabama  r.  and  its  branches,  along 
which  is  some  ferule  land.  Capital,  Monroeville. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  18,182,  sheep 
3,654,  swine  33,073 ;  wheat  5,335  bush,  produced, 
Ind.  corn  291,504,  oats  10,769,  potatoes  40.606, 
rice  33,351  pounds,  tobacco  10,000,  cotton  986,327 ; 
30  stores,  cap.  $113,924  ;  6  tanneries,  32  grist  m., 
15  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $44,995.  12  sch. 
306  scholars.  Pop.  whites  5,370,  slaves  5,292, 
free  col'd  18;  total,  10,680. 

Monroe,  county,  Miss.  Situated  toward  the 
n.  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  650  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Tombigbee  r.,  and  Battahatchee  r., 
its  tributary.  Capital,  Athens.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  12,097,  sheep  2,833,  swine 
25,300 ;  wheat  22,592  bush,  produced,  Ind.  com 
331,190,  oats  39,685,  potatoes  19,092,  tobacco 
6,797  pounds,  cotton  712,095 ;  2  com.  houses,  cap. 
$1,000;  24  stores,  cap.  $124,800;  1  tannery,  5 
distilleries,  1  pottery,  1  flouring  m.,  15  grist  m.,  8 
saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $28,850.  3  acad.  93  students, 
10  sch.  110  scholars.  Pop.  whites  5,146,  slaves 
4,083,  free  col'd  21 ;  total,  9,250. 

Monroe,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  s.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  750  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  branches  of  the  Tennessee  r.  Capital, 
Madisonville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
6,539,  sheep  5,665,  swine  17,261;  wheat  39,525 
bush,  produced,  rye  2,231,  Ind.  corn  345,287,  oats 
90,815,  potatoes  4,750,  tobacco  1,540  pounds,  cot- 
ton 3,180  ;  3  stores,  cap.  $16  000;  2  tanneries,  9 


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distilleries,  1  pottery,  1  flouring  m.,  10  grist  m., 
4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,390.  2  acad.  77 
students,  12  sch.  172  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
11,125,  slaves  864,  free  col'd  67;  total,  12,056. 

Monroe,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  280  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Big  Barren  r.  and  its  branches.  Cumberland 
r.  enters  it  in  one  of  its  curves,  but  soon  passes 
out  of  it.  Capital,  Tompkinsville.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,314,  sheep  8,952,  swine 
29,396;  wheat  33,676  bush,  produced,  rye  1.945, 
Ind.  corn  311,047,  oats  77,029,  potatoes  11,100, 
tobacco  420,012  pounds,  cotton  42,959,  sugar 
16,429 ;  15  stores,  cap.  $30,200 ;  4  tanneries.  30 
distilleries,  19  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $20,515.  1  acad.  25  students,  8  sch. 
156  scholars.  Pop.  whites  5,811,  slaves  703,  free 
col'd  12  ;  total,  6,526. 

Monroe,  county,  O.  Situated  toward  the  s.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  520  sq.  ms.  The 
Ohio  r.  forms  its  E.  boundary.  The  surface  is 
hilly  and  rough,  with  some  level  and  fertile  land. 
Coal  is  abundant,  and  iron  ore  is  found.  Drained 
by  Little  Muskingum  r.,  and  Sunfish,  Duck,  and 
Wills  creeks.  Capital,  Woodfield.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  11,303,  sheep  20,518,  swine 
27,354 ;  wheat  168,795  bush,  produced,  rye  3,430, 
Ind.  corn  428,391,  buckwheat  7,562,  oats  172,174, 

?otatoes  75,833,  tobacco  1,026,866  pounds,  sugar 
7,996 ;  32  stores,  cap.  $39,290 ;  3  fulling  m.,  12 
tanneries,  8  distilleries,  1  brewery,  2  potteries,  1 
flouring  m.,  35  grist  m.,  37  saw  m.,  I  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $62,425.  22  sch.  820  scholars.  Pop. 
18,521. 

Monroe,  county,  Mich.  Situated  in  the  s.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  540  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  level ;  soil,  very  fertile.  Drained  by 
Raisin  r.  and  bay,  Otter,  Plum,  Sandy,  Stony 
and  Swan  creeks.  Lake  Erie  bounds  it  on  the  e. 
Capital,  Monroe.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 8,364,  sheep  3,010,  swine  9,231 ;  wheat  42,856 
bush,  produced,  rye  2,103,  Ind.  corn  74,407. 
buckwheat  7,837,  barley,  2,199,  oats  68,794,  po- 
tatoes 83,016,  sugar  40,627  pounds;  24  stores, 
cap.  $22,263 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tan- 
nery, 2  flouring  m.,  5  grist  m.,  1 1  saw  m.,  1  paper 
fac,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers, 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $68,200.  30  sch.  777  scholars 
Pop.  9,922. 

Monroe,  county,  la.  Situated  a  little  n.  e.  of 
the  centre,  and  contains  390  sq.  ms.  Drained  by 
the  w.  fork  of  White  r.  and  its  tributaries,  which 
afford  good  water  power.  The  surface  is  level, 
with  timber  and  some  wet  prairie.  Capital,  An- 
dersontown.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
4,019,  sheep  7,470,  swine  19,701 ;  wheat  57,636 
bush,  produced,  rye  2,248,  Ind.  oorn  407,968,  oats 
95,221,  potatoes  9,780,  tobacco  7,365  pounds,  su- 
gar 20,929  ;  20  stores,  cap.  $69,000;  1  furnace,  7 
woollen  fac,  15  tanneries,  13  distilleries,  6  flour- 
ing m.,  12  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.,  4  oil  m.,  3  printing 
offices,  3  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$36,745.  1  college  90  students,  1  acad.  60  stu- 
dents, 17  sch.  553  scholars.     Pop.  10,143. 

Monroe,  county,  111.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  360  sq.  ms. 
Watered  by  Horse,  Prairie,  De  Long,  and  Eagle 
creeks.  The  Mississippi  r.  bounds  it  on  the  w. 
and  s.  w.  There  is  considerable  good  land  on  its 
E.  border.  On  the  w.  it  is  hilly  and  broken. 
Capital,  Waterloo.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  8,532,  sheep  3,338,  swine  16,516;  wheat 
22,512  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  293,462,  oats 
21,975,  potatoes  10,016;  15  stores,  cap.  $33,350 ; 

3  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  2  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m., 

4  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $43,900.    5  sch.  168 
scholars.    Pop.  4,481. 


Monroe,  county,  Mo.  Situated  toward  the  N. 
e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  744  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  with  one  third  prairie  ;  soil, 
fertile.  Watered  by  Salt  r.  and  its  branches. 
Capital,  Paris.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
8,591,  sheep  9,760,  swine  29,535 ;  wheat  19,208 
bush,  produced,  rye  5,437,  Ind.  corn  491,854,  oats 
89,014,  potatoes  16,710,  tobacco'  182,414  pounds  ; 
20  stores,  cap.  $63,200 ;  4  tanneries,  7  distilleries, 

1  pottery,  13  grist  m.,  14  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $33,200.  3  acad.  125  students,  20  sch.  479 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  7,813,  slaves  1,687,  free 
col'd  5  ;  total,  9,505. 

Monroe,  county,  Ark.  Situated  in  the  E.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  1,150  sq.  ms.  Watered 
by  Cache  and  White  rivers.  Capital,  Lawrence- 
vdle.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,310, 
sheep  135,  swine  4,074 ;  wheat  550  bush,  pro- 
duced, Ind.  corn  54,542,  oats  2,460,  potatoes  2,706, 
cotton  28,375  pounds  ;  4  stores,  cap.  $9,104 ;  4 
flouring  m.,  2  sch.  33  scholars.  Pop.  whites  786, 
slaves  143,  free  col'd  2 ;  total,  936. 

Monroe,  p-t.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  54  n.  e.  Augus- 
ta, 649  W.  Watered  by  Marsh  r.,  which  flows 
into  the  Penobscot.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted 
to  grain.     It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,500  ;  1  tannery, 

2  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,375. 
8  sch.  669  scholars.     Pop.  1,602. 

Monroe,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  15  n.  n.  e. 
Montpelier.  Chartered  in  1781  by  the  name  of 
Woodbury,  received  the  name  of  Monroe  in  1838. 
Watered  by  branches  of  Onion  or  Winooski  and 
Lamoille  rivers.  It  contains  numerous  ponds. 
It  has  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$4,850.     13  sch.  367  scholars.     Pop.  1,092. 

Monroe,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  120  w.  by 
N.  Boston,  407  W.  Deerfield  r.  runs  on  its  e. 
border.  Incorporated  in  1822.  The  soil  is  adapt- 
ed to  grazing,  and  many  fine  sheep  are  raised. 
It  has  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$1,200.     4  sch.  98  scholars.     Pop.  282. 

Monroe,  p-t.,  Fairfield  co.,  Ct.,  54  s.  w.  Hart- 
ford, 293  W.  The  surface  is  rough  and  stony  ; 
soil,  adapted  to  grazing.  The  v.  at  the  centre  is 
on  elevated  ground,  and  contains  1  Congrega- 
tional and  1  Episcopal  church,  and  an  academy. 
There  are  besides  a  Baptist  and  a  Methodist 
church  in  the  t.  Incorporated  in  1823.  It  has  5 
stores,  cap.  $9,500 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,000.  1  acad.  20  stu- 
dents, 6  sch.  230  scholars.     Pop.  1,351. 

Monroe,  p-t.,  Orange  co.,  N.  Y.,  14  s.  E.  Go- 
shen, 117  s.by  w.  Albany,  279  W.  The  surface 
is  broken  and  hilly,  the  range  of  the  Highlands 
passing  through  it.  The  soil  is  various.  Drained 
by  Ramapo  r.,  which  flows  into  the  Passaic  r., 
in  N.  J.  Iron  ore  is  found.  The  v.  is  situated 
on  Ramapo  r.,  and  contains  1  Presbyterian  and 
1  Methodist  church,  an  academy,  4  stores,  1  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  fulling  m.,  1  carding  machine,  60 
dwellings,  and  about  450  inhabitants.  The  New 
York  and  and  Erie  railroad  passes  through  the 
place.  There  are  in  the  t.  9  sch.  417  scholars. 
Pop.  3,914. 

Monroe,  p-v.,  Hardiston  t,  Sussex  co.,  N.  J., 
80  n.  Trenton,  248  W.  It  contains  a  store,  a 
mill,  and  several  dwellings. 

Monroe,  t.,  Middlesex  co.,  N.  J.  It  has  8  stores, 
cap.  $26,500 ;  5  distilleries,  1  paper  fac,  4  grist 
m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $109,900.  1 
acad.  25  students,  8  sch.  285  scholars.  Pop. 
2,453. 

Monroe,  t.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $49,000 ;  1  tannery,  4  grist  m.,  18  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac  $29,450.  6  sch.  278  scholars. 
Pop.  1,153. 

Monroe,  p-v.,  Durham  t.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  116 


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k.  llarrisburg,  181  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank 
of  Delaware  r.,  and  contains  a  store  and  10  or  12 
dwellings. 

MONROE,  t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  7  s.  E.  Car- 
lisle. The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  calcareous 
loam.  Watered  by  Yellow  Breeches  cr.,  which 
affords  water  power.  It  has  6  stores,  cap. 
$17,400;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  4  tanner- 
ies, 1  distillery,  4  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $3,583.     Pop.  1,570. 

Monroe,  t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  grist 
m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,300.  2  sch. 
70  scholars.    Pop.  310. 

Monroe,  t.,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $11,100;  2  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m., 
3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,200.  5  sch.  240 
scholars.    Pop.  1,151. 

3Ion-roe,  p-v.,  capital  of  Walton  co.,  Ga.,  61 
N.  w.  by  N.  Milledgeville,  635  W.  Situated  on 
the  head  of  Ocmulgee  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  an  academy,  2  churches — 1  Baptist, 
1  Methodist — and  11  stores. 

Monroe,  p-v.,  capital  of  Washita  parish,  La., 
300  n.  w.  by  N.  New  Orleans,  1,190  W.  Situ- 
ated on  the  E.  side  of  Washita  r.,  at  the  head  of 
steamboat  navigation.  It  has  a  court  house,  jail, 
a  U.  S.  land  office,  an  academy,  4  stores,  100 
dwellings,  and  500  inhabitants. 

Monroe,  p-v.,  capital  of  Overton  co.,  Tenn., 
102  e.  by  n.  Nashville,  602  W.  Situated  on  a 
small  branch  of  Obies  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Monroe,  p-v.,  Hart  co.,  Ky.,  100  s.  w.  Frank- 
fort, 623  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Little 
Barren  r. 

Monroe,  p-v.,  Lemon  t.,  Busier  co.,  O.,  95  w. 
s.  w.  Columbus,  479  W.  It  contains  2  brick 
churches,  a  seminary  of  the  Associate  Reformed 
Church,  40  dwellings,  and  about  250  inhabitants. 

Monroe,  t.,  Adams  co.,  O.  Situated  on  the 
Ohio  r.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $1,272;  2  sch.  50 
scholars.     Pop.  832. 

Monroe,  t.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.  Organized  in 
1818.  It  has  8  schools,  406  scholars.  Pop. 
1,323. 

Monroe,  t,  Butler  co.,  O.  It  has  1  sch.  50 
scholars.     Pop.  202. 

Monroe,  t,  Carroll  co.,  O.  It  has  1  sch.  26 
scholars.    Pop.  1,060. 

Monroe,  t.,  Clermont  co.,  O.  It  has  7  stores, 
cap.  $6,200;  1  acad.  44  students,  9  sch.  480 
scholars.    Pop.  1,628. 

Monroe,  t.,  Coshocton  co.,  O.  Situated  be- 
tween KUlbuck  and  Mohiccan  creeks.  Pop. 
557. 

Monroe,  t.,  Darke  co.,  O.    Pop.  471. 

Monroe,  t.,  Guernsey  co.,  O.  It  has  1  acad. 
58  students,  5  sch.  160  scholars.     Pop.  940. 

Monroe,  t.,  Harrison  co.,  O.  It  has  5  sch.  177 
scholars.     Pop.  1,039. 

Monroe,  t.,  Holmes  co.,  O.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $3,200 ;  2  saw  ra.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $500. 
Pop.  899. 

Monroe,  t.,  Knox  co.,  O.  Schenck's  cr.  pass- 
es through  the  e.  part,  and  affords  water  power. 
It  has  6  sch.  233  scholars.     Pop.  1,249. 

Monroe,  t.,  Licking  co.,  O.  It  has  7  sch.  327 
scholars.    Pop.  1,156. 

Monroe,  t.,  Logan  co.,  O.  It  has  5  sch.  155 
scholars.    Pop.  1,203. 

Monroe,  t.,  Madison  co.,  O.  It  has  1  grist  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $600.  5  sch.  175  scholars. 
Pop.  385. 

Monroe,  t.,  Miami  co.,  O.  Situated  on  the  n. 
side  of  the  national  road.  It  has  1  distillery,  3 
flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $21,000.    5  sch.  281  scholars.    Pop.  1,404. 


Monroe,  t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.     Pop.  918. 

MONRO*.  t.,  Terry  co.,  O.  It  has  5  sch.  150 
scholars.     Pop.  999. 

Monroe,  t.,  Preble  co.,  O.  It  has  a  level  sur- 
face and  a  light  soil.     Pop.  1,176. 

Monroe,  t.,  Pickaway  co.,  O.  It  has  3  sch.  60 
scholars.     Pop.  1,346. 

Monroe,  t.,  Richland  co.,  O.  Situated  on 
Mohiccan  cr.    Pop.  1,624. 

Monroe,  t.,  Putnam  co.,  O.     Pop.  509. 

Monroe,  t.,  Putnam  co.,  la.  It  has  3  grist  m., 
2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $700.  2  sch.  144 
scholars.    Pop.  1,341. 

Monroe,  t.,  Washington  co.,  la.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $3,500 ;  1  flouring  m.,  7  grist  m.,  7 
saw  m.    Pop.  1,537. 

Monroe,  p-t.,  city,  and  capital  of  Monroe  co., 
Mich.,  37  s.  s.  w.  Detroit,  486  W.  The  city  is 
situated  on  the  River  Raisin,  24-  miles  from  its 
mouth.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  2  banks, 
a  U.  S.  land  office,  7  churches — 2  Presbyterian, 
1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  2  Ro- 
man Catholic — 7  storage  and  forwarding  houses, 
22  stores,  1  woollen  fac,  1  iron  foundry  and  edge 
tool  fac,  2  flouring  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1  paper  m.,  1 
tannery,  2  printing  offices,  each  issuing  a  weekly 
newspaper,  a  branch  of  the  University  of  Michi- 
gan, and  2  female  academies,  a  reading  room  and 
library  of  12  or  1,500  vols.,  500  dwellings,  and 
1,703  inhabitants.  The  court  house  is  an  ele- 
gant edifice  of  hewn  stone,  and  cost  $35,000. 
Several  of  the  churches  are  handsome  edifices. 
The  r.  affords  extensive  water  power.  A  canal 
100  feet  wide  and  12  feet  deep,  is  constructed 
from  the  city  to  the  lake.  Steamboats  and  other 
vessels  continually  ply  between  this  place  and 
other  important  places  on  the  lakes.  A  railroad 
extends  70  ms.  w.  to  Hillsdale.  There  are  in  the 
t.  24  stores,  cap.  $22,268 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  1  furnace,  2  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,500.  Pop.  exclusive  of  the 
city,  693. 

Monroe,  p-v.,  capital  of  Greene  co.,  Wis.,  81 
s.  Madison,  846  W.  Situated  on  a  branch  of 
Pickatonokee  r.  It  contains  a  court  house  and  a 
few  dwellings. 

Monroe,  p-v.,  Cook  co.,  111.,  218  n.  e.  by  n. 
Springfield,  731  W. 

Monroe,  t.,  Hardin  co.,  111.    Pop.  328. 

Monroe,  t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch.  28 
scholars.    Pop.  796. 

Monroe,  t.,  Livingston  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  217. 

3Ionroe,  t.,  Lafayette  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  504. 

Monroe,  t.,  Sevier  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  216. 

Monroeton,  p-v.,  Monroe  t.,  Bradford  co., 
Pa.,  130  n.  Harrisburg,  240  W. 

Monroeton,  p-v.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  C,  100 
n.  w.  Raleigh,  235  W. 

Monroeville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Monroe  co.,  Ala., 
151  s.  Tuscaloosa,  943  W.  Situated  on  a  branch 
of  Limestone  cr.,  12  ms.  e.  of  Alabama  r.  It  has 
a  court  house,  and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Monroeville,  p-v.,  Ridefield  t.,  Huron  co., 
O.,  97  n.  Columbus,  3%  W.  Situated  on  Huron 
r.,  which  affords  water  power.  It  contains  8 
stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  carding  and  fulling 
m.,  and  a  number  of  fine  dwellings,  some  of  them 
of  brick. 

Monroe  Works,  p-v.,  Monroe  t.,  Orange  co., 
N.  Y.,  105  s.  by  w.  Albany.  Iron  ore  of  an  ex- 
cellent quality  is  found  in  the  vicinity.  It  con- 
tains 3  stores,  1  blast  furnace,  1  machine  shop,  1 
grist  m.,  and  40  dwellings. 

Monrovia,  p-v.,  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  68  n.  w. 
Annapolis,  43  W. 

Monrovia,  p-v.,  Morgan  co.,  la.,  23  s.  w.  In- 
dianapolis, 594  W. 


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Monrovia,  p-v.,  Pope  co.,  Ark.,  92  n.  w.  Little 
Rock,  1,157  W. 

Monson,  p-t.,  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.,  77  n.  by  e. 
Augusta,  672  W.  In  the  w.  part  is  a  pond,  by 
the  outlet  of  which,  and  its  tributaries,  it  is  wa- 
tered, which  flows  into  and  through  Sebec  pond, 
and  enters  Piscataquis  r.  The  soil  is  fertile, 
adapted  to  grain.     Incorporated  in  1822.     It  has 

1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  raanufac.  $4,550.  7  sch.  247  scholars.  Pop. 
548. 

Monson,  p-t.,  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  /5  s.  w.  by 
w.  Boston,  380  W.  The  surface  is  various  ;  soil, 
fertile.  Watered  by  Chickopee  r.  and  its  branches, 
which  afford  water  power.  The  v.,  at  the  centre, 
contains  a  Congregational  church  and  a  flourish- 
ing academy.  There  are  in  the  t.  a  Baptist  and 
a  Methodist  church.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $18,000 ; 
3  woollen  fac,  2  cotton  fac.  3,324  sp.,  1  tannery, 

2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $87,800. 

1  acad.  90  students,  14  sch.  350  scholars.    Pop. 

2  151. 
'  Montague,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  85  w.  by 

N.  Boston,  396  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  bank  of 
Connecticut  r.,  across  which  is  a  bridge,  connect- 
ing it  with  Deerfield.  Watered  by  Sawmill  r. 
The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil,  various.  In  the  n. 
w.  part  of  the  t.  are  Turner's  falls,  in  Connecti- 
cut r.,  with  a  descent  of  70  feet,  around  which  is 
a  canal,  3  ms.  long.  There  is  an  immense  dam 
across  the  r.,  in  one  place  40  feet  high.  Here 
a  great  water  power.  Incorporated  in  1753.  There 
is  a  v.  at  the  centre,  on  Sawmill  r.,  which  con- 
tains 2  churches.  There  are  in  the  t.  5  stores, 
cap.  $13,900;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $16,903.  11  sch.  365  scholars. 
Pop.  1,255. 

Montague,  p-t.,  Sussex  co.,  N.  J.,  91  N.  Tren- 
ton, 258  W.  Delaware  r.  bounds  it  on  the  n.  w. 
The  surface  is  mountainous  on  the  s.  e.  ;  on  the 
s.  w.  it  is  a  river  alluvion.  The  soil  is  fertile, 
and  well  cultivated,  adapted  to  grain.  Settled 
by  the  Dutch  before  1680.  Drained  by  Mill 
brook,  Chamber's  Mill  brook,  and  Big  and  Little 
Flat  kills,  which  flow  into  Delaware  r.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $10,000 ;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $800 ; 
2  tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  6  schools  143 
scholars.    Pop.  1,026. 

Montague,  p-v.,  Essex  co.,  Va.,  68  N.  e.  Rich- 
mond, 130  W.  It  is  a  small  v.,  with  about  50 
inhabitants. 

Montague  Canal,  p-v.,  Montague  t,  Frank 
lin  co.,  Mass.,  88  Boston,  399  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  Connecticut  r.,  at  Turner's  falls. 

Montalona,  p-o.,  McHenry  co.,  111.,  233  n.  n 
e.  Springfield,  768  W. 

Montauk  Point,  N.  Y.,  140  e.  New  York, 
constitutes  the  extreme  e.  end  of  Long  Island. 
It  is  a  high  promontory,  against  which  the  waves 
of  the  Atlantic  continually  dash,  and,  in  a  storm, 
with  tremendous  violence.  Here  is  a  stone  light- 
house, erected  by  the  U.  S.  government  in  1795, 
at  an  expense  of  $22,300.  Near  it  is  a  public 
house,  much  resorted  to  in  the  summer  months. 

Montcalm,  county,  Mich.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  settled  portion  of  the  peninsula,  and 
contains  576  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil, 
fertile.  Drained  by  Flat  r.  (It  is  unorganized.) 
Montevallo,  p-v.,  Shelby  co.,  Ala.,  58  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  786  W. 

Montevideo,  p-v.,  Elbert  co.,  Ga.,  125  n.  n. 
e.  Milledgeville,  565  W. 

Montezuma,  p-v.,  Mentz  t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N. 
Y.,  162  w.  by  n.  Albany,  342  W.  Situated  at 
the  junction  of  Cayuga  and  Seneca  canal  with 


saline  springs,  from  which  salt  has  been  manu- 
factured since  the  earliest  settlement  of  the  coun- 
try. The  Montezuma  marshes  extend  along  the 
outlet  of  Cayuga  lake,  and  along  Seneca  r.,  14 
miles  long,  and  from  2  to  3  wide,  covered  in  the 
summer  with  grass  from  3  to  4  feet  high. 

Montezuma,  p-v.,  Parke  co.,  la.,  72  w.  Indian- 
apolis, 644  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  the 
Wabash  r. 

Montezuma,  p-v.,  Pike  co.,  III.,  60  w.  by  s. 
Springfield,  840  W.     Situated  on  the  w.  bank  of 
Illinois  r. 
Montezuma,  p-o.,  Mercer  co.,  O. 
Montezuma,  p-o.,  Union  co.,  Ky.,  219  w.  by 
s.  Frankfort,  760  W. 

Montezuma,  p-v.,  McNairy  co.,  Tenn.,  155  s. 
w.  Nashville,  840  W. 

Montezuma,  p-v.,  capital  of  Covington  co., 
Ala.,  186  s.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  914  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  bank  of  Conecuh  r.,  and  contains  a  court 
house  and  several  dwellings. 

Montford's  Cove,  p-o.,  Rutherford  co.,  N. 
C,  231  w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  468  W. 

Montgomery,  county,  N.  Y.  Centrally  situ- 
ated in  the  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  356 
sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  mountainous  and  hilly, 
terminating  in  the  valley  of  the  Mohawk  in  the 
n.,  which  bounds  it  in  that  direction.  Drained 
by  East  Canada,  Otsquake,  and  Schoharie  creeks, 
which  flow  into  the  Mohawk.  The  alluvial  flats 
on  the  streams  are  very  fertile.  Capital,  Fonda. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  26,806,  sheep 
36,588,  swine  29,108;  wheat  34,281  bushels  pro- 
duced, rye  40,863,  Ind.  corn  90,374,  buckwheat 
38,312,  barley  193,530,  oats  422,415,  potatoes 
559,829,  sugar  51,691  pounds;  94  stores,  capital 
$370,150 ;  2  furnaces,  8  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
16  tanneries,  6  distilleries,  2  breweries,  3  flouring 
m.,  21  grist  m.,  67  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac. 
$330,404.  3  acad.  396  students,  116  sch.  5,555 
scholars.    Pop.  35,818.  . 

Montgomery,  county,  Pa.  Situated  in  the  s. 
e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  425  square  ms. 
The  surface  is  gently  uneven ;  soil,  fertile,  par- 
ticularly along  the  valley  of  the  Schuylkill, 
which  runs  on  its  s.  w.  border.  On  the  Schuyl- 
kill are  7  dams,  with  short  canals,  which  afford 
extensive  water  power.  Drained  by  Manataw- 
ney,  Perkiomen,  and  Wissihickon  creeks,  which 
flow  into  the  Schuylkill,  and  Pennypack  creek, 
which  flows  into  the  Delaware.  Capital,  Noms- 
town.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  31,652, 
sheep  15,249,  swine  32,707  ;  wheat  181,858  bush, 
produced,  rye  275,069,  Ind.  corn  503,065,  buck- 
wheat 42,530,  barley  4,199,  oats  612,990,  potatoes 
239,230;  144  stores,  cap.  $425,000;  13  lumber 
yards,  cap.  $66,400 ;  2  fulling  m.,  8  woollen  fac, 
23  tanneries,  1  distillery,  12  powder  m.,  6  potter- 
ies, 9  paper  fac,  6  printing  offices,  4  weekly,  2 
semi  and  tri-weekly  newspapers,  26  flouring  m., 
100  grist  m.,  77  saw  m.,  30  oil  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $911,868.  10  acad.  372  students,  72  sch. 
4,465  scholars.    Pop.  47,241. 

Montgomery,  county,  Md.  Situated  toward 
the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  576  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  moderately  uneven ;  soil,  indiffer- 
ent, excepting  on  the  streams.  Patuxent  r.  runs 
on  its  n.  E.  boundary,  and  the  Potomac  r.  on  its 
s.  w.,  by  branches  of  which  it  is  drained.  Capi- 
tal, Rockville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
8,628,  sheep  16,038,  swine  19,839 ;  wheat  142,759 
bush,  produced,  rye  27,704,  Indian  corn  308,385, 
buckwheat  2,638,  oats  225,168,  potatoes  62,546, 
tobacco  1,088,412  pounds  ;  25  stores,  cap.  $99,457 ; 
1  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  700  sp.,  4  tanneries, 


the 'Erie  canal.     It  contains  1  church,  5  stores,!  1  flouring  m     18  grist  m,  1*""  "b  ; |  °jl  £ 
and  about  600  inhabitants.    It  contains  strong  |  Cap.  in  manufac.  $61,925.    3  acad.  172  students, 


MON 


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17  sch.  514  scholars.  Pop.  whites  8,766,  slaves 
5,377,  free  cold  1,313;  total,  15,456. 

Montgomery,  county,  Va.  Situated  toward 
the  s.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,000  sq 
ms.  Organized  in  1777.  The  Blue  Ridge  runs 
on  its  e.  border.  Drained  by  New  r.  and  its 
branches,  and  the  head  waters  of  Bannister  r 
The  surface  is  broken  and  rough;  soil,  on  the 
streams,  fertile.  Capital,  Christiansburg.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,635,  sheep  13,43'J, 
swine  16,834  ;  wheat  106,253  bush  produced,  rye 
21,093,  Ind.  corn  208,885,  buckwheat  2,615,  oats 
114,365,  potatoes  18,071,  tobacco  241,275  pounds, 
sugar  1,000;  11  stores,  cap.  $126,300;  8  tanner- 
ies, 9  distilleries,  2  potteries,  4  flouring  m.,  19 
grist  ra.,  19  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $59,345. 
1  acad.  40  students,  17  sch.  402  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  5,825,  slaves  1,473,  free  col'd  87 ;  total, 
7,405. 

Montgomery,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  toward 
the  s.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  500  sq. 
ms.  Drained  by  Yadkin  r.  and  its  branches. 
The  surface  is  hilly  and  mountainous.  Soil,  fer- 
tile. Capital,  Lawreneeville.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  10,603,  sheep  8,508,  swine  18,034 ; 
wheat  48,879  bushels  produced,  rye  1,535,  Indian 
corn  255,496,  oats  19,359,  potatoes  11,950  tobacco 
200,597  pounds,  cotton  2,332,222 ;  15  stores,  cap. 
$38,500 ;  1  cotton  fac.  528  sp.,  8  tanneries,  34  dis- 
tilleries, 12  flouring  m.,  48  grist  m.,  15  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $56,133.  19  sch.  432  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  8,221,  slaves  2,487,  free  colored  72  ; 
total,  10,780. 

Montgomery,  county,  Ga.  Situated  toward 
the  s.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,100  sq. 
ms.  It  has  the  Ocmulgee,  and  Auchenahatchee, 
its  tributary,  on  its  s.  and  s.  w.  border.  Drained 
by  Oconee  r.  and  its  branches,  and  Pendleton  cr. 
Capital,  Mount  Vernon.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  6,781,  sheep  1,339,  swine  6,530; 
wheat  1,119  bush,  produced,  Indian  corn  22,213, 
potatoes  4,000,  cotton  18,220  pounds,  sugar  3,615  ; 
4  grist  m.  Pop.  whites  1,279,  slaves  337 ;  total, 
1,616. 

Montgomery,  county,  Ala.  Situated  a  little 
s.  E.  of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  900 
sq.  ms.  Drained  by  branches  of  Coosa  and  Tal- 
lapoosa rivers,  which  run  on  its  N.  and  w.  bor- 
ders. Cotton  is  the  chief  production.  Capital, 
Montgomery.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
25,335,  sheep  9,590,  swine  56,408 ;  wheat  7,907 
bush,  produced,  rye  3,052,  Indian  corn  1,353,917, 
barley  578,  oats  72,741,  potatoes  87,214,  rice 
22,847  pounds,  tobacco  2,3^6,  cotton  14,871,463  ; 

2  commission  houses,  cap.  $5,500  ;  29  stores,  cap. 
$429,100  ;  2  tanneries,  1  flouring  m.,  8  grist  m.,  5 
saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $212,653.  1  college,  62  stu- 
dents, 4  acad.  212  students,  21  sch.  678  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  8,972,  slaves  15,486,  free  col'd  116  ; 
total,  24,574. 

Montgomery,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  toward 
the  n.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  500  sq. 
ms.  Drained  by  Cumberland  r.  and  its  branches, 
particularly  Red  r.,  from  the  n.  e.  Capital, 
Clarkesville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
17,711,  sheep  13,117,  swine  52,782 ;  wheat  83,942 
bush,  produced,  rye  2,985,  Ind.  corn  910,000,  oats 
222,527,  potatoes  22,420,  tobacco  2,549,984  pounds, 
cotton  4,892 ;  24  stores,  cap.  $206,475  ;  6  furnaces, 

3  forges,  7  tanneries,  6  distilleries,  5  flouring  m., 
21  grist  m.,  20  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manuiac.  $329,000. 
3  acad.  127  students,  14  sch.  379  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  9,762,  slaves  7,059,  free  col'd  106 ;  total, 
16,927. 

Montgomery,  county,  Ky.  Situated  centrally 
in  the  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  260  sq. 


ms.  Drained  by  Red  r.  and  its  tributaries,  a 
branch  of  Kentucky  r.,  and  by  a  branch  of  Lick- 
ing r.  Capital,  Mount  Sterling.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  11,652,  sheep  16,189,  swine 
33,183;  wheat  48,191  bush,  produced,  rye  41,060, 
Indian  corn  735,698,  oats  69,149,  potatoes  13,789, 
sugar  64,212  pounds  ;  14  stores,  cap.  $144,200  ;  4 
tanneries,  1  distillery,  14  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $53,918.  20  sch.  473 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,409,  slaves  2,735,  free 
col'd  188  ;  total,  9,332. 

Montgomery,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  480  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Miami  r.  and  its  branches.  The  sur- 
face is  level  or  slightly  rolling ;  soil,  genendly 
fertile.  Capital,  Dayton.  There  were  in  l^i  10, 
neat  cattle  16,245,  sheep  29,631,  swine  39,298; 
wheat  365,933  bush,  produced,  rye  54,227,  Ind. 
corn  814,707,  buckwheat  3,359,  barley  4,728,  oats 
374,481,  potatoes  34,098,  sugar  122,394  pounds; 
130  stores,  cap.  $426,800 ;  2  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$65,000 ;  3  fulling  m.,  5  woollen  fac,  6  cotton 
fac.  3,530  sp.,  12  tanneries,  30  distilleries,  2  brew- 
eries, 2  potteries,  34  flouring  m.,  11  grist  m.,  56 
saw  m.,  2  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  binderies,  1 
weekly  and  1  periodical  newspaper.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $423,160.  2  acad.  82  students,  100  sch. 
7,122  scholars.    Pop.  31,938. 

Montgomery,  county,  la.  Situated  n.  w.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  504  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Sugar,  Big,  and  Little  Racoon  creeks. 
The  surface  is  undulating ;  soil,  very  fertile.  Cap- 
ital, Crawfordsville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  12,703,  sheep  15,831,  swine  35,711 ;  wheat 
84,709  bush,  produced,  rye  3,795,Ind.  corn  993,785, 
buckwheat  1,771,  oats  98,621,  potatoes  25,650,  to- 
bacco 17,332  pounds,  sugar  175,432  ;  33  stores, 
cap.  $107,665;  1  fulling  m.,  11  woollen  fac,  11 
tanneries,  8  distilleries,  1  pottery,'  12  flouring  in., 
12  grist  m.,  37  saw  m.,  10  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices, 
2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $115,971. 

1  college,  100  students,  2  acad.  243  students,  29 
sch.  626  scholars.     Pop.  14,343. 

Montgomery,  county,  111.  Situated  a  little 
s.  of  the  centre  of  the  6tate,  and  contains  634  sq. 
ms.  Drained  by  Shoal  cr.  and  its  branches,  the 
head  waters  of  Macoupin  cr.,  and  a  branch  of  the 
south  lork  of  Sangamon  r.  The  surface  is  ele- 
vated and  undulating,  consisting  of  timber  and 
prairie ;  soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Hiilsboro.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,464,  sheep  7,076,  swine 
13,517;  wheat  27,500  bush,  produced,  rye  1,222, 
Ind.  corn  215,592,  buckwheat  1,336,  oats  57,608, 
potatoes  9,995,  tobacco  5,131  pounds;  9  stores, 
cap.  $31,281 ;  2  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  25  grist 
ra.,  17  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac  $19,463.  1  acad. 
186  students,  7  sch.  391  scholars.    Pop.  4,490. 

Montgomery,  county,  Mo.  Situated  toward 
the  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  576  sq.  ms. 
Missouri  r.  runs  on  its  s.  border.  Drained  by 
Au  Cuivre  and  Loutre  creeks.  The  surface  is 
undulating ;  soil,  various.  Capital,  Danville. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,858,  sheep  5,397, 
swine  9,954 ;  wheat  12,717  bush,  produced,  rye 
1,148,  Ind.  corn  122,490,oats  26,289,  potatoes  7,634, 
tobacco  837,039  pounds;  12  stores,  cap.  $35,190 ; 

2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,556.  1  acad.  28  students,  5 
sch.  74  scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,524,  slaves  827, 
free  col'd  20  ;  total,  4,371. 

Montgomery,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  61  n. 
3Iontpelier,  563  W.  Drained  by  Trout  r..  a  branch 
of  the  Missisque  r.  and  its  tributaries,  which 
afford  water  power.  On  the  r.  is  a  tract  of  fertile 
interval  land,  back  of  which  the  surface  is  moun- 
tainous and  rough.    It  contains  a  Congregation- 


MON 


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alist  and  an  Episcopal  church,  chartered  in  1780. 
It  has  one  store,  cap.  $1,500  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  wool- 
len fac,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$8,500.    4  sch.  81  scholars.     Pop.  548. 

Montgomery,  p-t.,  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  103  w. 
by  s.  Boston,  372  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of 
Westfield  r.,  which  affords  water  power.  Char- 
tered in  1780.  The  soil  is  well  adapted  to  graz- 
ing, and  many  sheap  are  raised.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $800  ;  1  saw  m.,  3  sch.  85  scholars.  Pop. 
740. 

Montgomery,  p-t.,  Orange  co.,  N.  Y.,  95  s.  s. 
w.  Albany,  2S8  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil, 
a  fertile  clay  and  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by 
Wallkill  r.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  B.  bank  of 
the  Wallkill.  Incorporated  in  1810,  and  contains 
3  churches— 1  Presbyterian,  1  Dutch  Reformed, 

1  Methodist — an  academy,  8  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.,  1  iron  foundry,  1  tannery,  160  dwellings, 
and  about  1,000  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the 
t  1  acad.  61  students,  9  sch.  440  scholars.  Pop. 
4,100. 

Montgomery,  t.,  Somerset  co.,  IS.  .1.,  12  s.  w. 
Somerville.  The  surface  is  hilly;  soil,  clay, 
sandy  loam,  and  red  shale.  Drained  by  Beden's 
brook  and  its  tributaries,  and  Stony  brook.  It 
contains  several  villages.  It  has  7  stores,  cap. 
$13,000;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery, 
3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,800. 
7  sch.  212  scholars.     Pop.  1,482. 

Montgomery,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  16  s.  w. 
Chambersburg.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  chief- 
ly calcareous  loam.  Drained  by  Conecocheague 
cr.  and  its  tributaries.  It  has  11  stores,  cap. 
$73,000 ;  1  woollen  fac,  4  tanneries,  10  distilleries, 

2  potteries,  3  flouring  m.,  6  grist  m.,  14  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $42,010.  1  college,  64  students, 
1  acad.  54  students,  21  sch.  795  scholars.  Pop. 
4,360. 

Montgomery,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  20  n. 
Philadelphia.  Drained  by  Wisahickon  cr.,  and 
the  w.  branch  of  Neshaminy  cr.,  the  former  of 
which  flows  s.  to  the  Schuylkill,  the  latter  e.  to 
the  Delaware.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  red 
shale  and  loam.  The  v.,  called  Montgomery 
Square,  contains  1  store,  an  academy,  and  8  or  10 
dwellings.  The  t.  has  3  stores,  cap.  $5,750 ;  1 
tannery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$1,100.    2  sch.  70  scholars.     Pop.  1,007. 

Montgomery,  t.,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $100  ;  1  pottery,  2  grist  m.,  7  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,632.     Pop.  787. 

Montgomery,  p-v.,  Sycamore  t.,  Hamilton  co., 
O.,  107  s.  w.  by  w.  Columbus,  480  W. 

Montgomery,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  O.  It  contains 
in  its  western  part  the  city  of  Columbus,  the  cap- 
ital of  the  state.  Its  territory  is  small,  but  it  is 
wealthy  and  populous.  The  surface  is  gently 
undulating ;  soil,  fertile.  Chartered  in  1807. 
Pop.  1,449,  exclusive  of  Columbus  city. 

Montgomery,  t.,  Marion  co.,  O.     It  has  3  sch. 
120  scholars.     Pop.  552. 
Montgomery,  t.,  Richland  co.,  O.  Pop.  2,445. 
Montgomery,  t.,  Wood  co.,  O.    It  has  5  sch. 
150  scholars.     Pop.  609. 
Montgomery,  t.,  Benton  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  633. 
Montgomery,  p-o.,  Sumner  co.,  Tenn.,  21  n. 
Nashville,  682  W. 

Montgomery,  city,  and  capital  of  Montgome- 
ry co.,  Ala.,  200  n.  e.  Mobile,  112  s.  E.  Tus- 
caloosa, 839  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  side  of  Ala- 
bama r.,  on  a  high  bluff,  at  the  head  of  steamboat 
navigation.  It  contains  7  churches — 1  Presby- 
terian, 1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  1  Methodist  Epis- 
copal, 1  Methodist  Protestant,  1  Universalist,  and 
1  Roman  Catholic — 2  academies,  30  stores,  200 
dwellings,  and  2,250  inhabitants.     Founded  in 


1817.  Cotton  is  yearly  shipped  to  the  amount 
of  40,000  bales,  averaging  500  pounds  each.  A 
railroad  connects  this  place,  87i?  miles,  with  West 
Point,  Georgia. 

Montgomery,  p-o.,  Holmes  co.,  Miss.,  43  n. 
Jackson,  1,016  W. 

Montgomery  Bridge,  p-o.,  Armstrong  co., 
Pa.,  169  w.  N.  w.  Harrisburg,  222  W. 

Montgomery  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Montgomery 
t.,  Wood  co.,  O.,  103  N.  vv.  Columbus,  448  W. 

Montgomery's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Perry  co,  Pa.,  19 
n.  w.  Harrisburg,  134  W.  It  contains  a  few 
dwellings.  Here  is  a  ferry  across  the  Susque- 
hanna r. 

Montgomeryville,  p-v.,Montgomery  co.,  Pa., 
101  e.  Harrisburg,  159  W.  It  contains  a  Baptist 
church,  2  stores,  and  12  or  15  dwellings. 

Monticello,  t.,  Aroostook  co.,  Me.  It  has  1 
saw  m. 

Monticello,  p-v.,  capital  of  Sullivan  co.,  N. 
Y.,  110  s.  w.  Albany,  294  W.  Situated  in  Thomp- 
son t.,  and  on  the  Newburgh  and  Cochecton  turn- 
Kike.  Incorporated  in  1830,  and  contains  a  court 
ouse,  jail,  county  clerk's  office,  1  Presbyterian 
and  1  Episcopal  church,  5  stores,  1  tannery,  90 
dwellings,  and  about  500  inhabitants. 

Monticello,  p-v.,  Fairfield  dist.,  S.  C,  31  n. 
Columbia,  499  W. 

Monticello,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jasper  co.,  Ga., 
35  w.  n.  w.  Milledgeville,  642  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  an  academy,  1  Baptist  and  1 
Methodist  church,  19  stores  and  60  dwellings. 

Monticello,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jefferson  co., 
Flor.,  29  e.  n.  e.  Tallahassee,  925  W.  Situated 
on  a  ridge,  4  miles  e.  of  the  Mickasooky  lake,  and 
10  miles  s.  of  the  Georgia  line.  It  contains  a 
court  house  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Monticello,  p-v.,  Pike  co.,  Ala.,  169  s.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  849  W.  Situated  on  a  small  branch 
of  Pea  r. 

Monticello,  p-v.,  capital  of  Lawrence  co., 
Miss.,  85  s.  Jackson,  1,064  W.  Situated  on  the 
w.  side  of  Pearl  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house 
and  several  dwellings. 

Monticello,  p-v.,  capital  of  Wayne  co.,  Ky., 
110  s.  Frankfort,  599  W.  Situated  on  the  n. 
side  of  Beaver  cr.,  a  branch  of  Cumberland  r.  It 
contains  a  court  house,  and  142  inhabitants. 

Monticello,  p-v.,  capital  of  White  co.,  la., 
73  n.  n.  w.  Indianapolis,  632  W.  Situated  on 
the  w.  bank  of  Tippecanoe  r.  It  has  a  court 
house,  and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Monticello,  p-v.,  capital  of  Piatt  co.,  Ill 
Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Sangamon  r.,  and  con- 
tains a  court  house,  and  about  100  inhabitants. 

Monticello,  p-v.,  capital  of  Lewis  co.,  Mo., 
145  n.  by  E.  Jefferson  City,  912  W.  Situated  on 
the  N.  E.  side  of  North  Fabias  r.  It  has  a  court 
house,  and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Montpelier,  p-t.,  capital  of  Washington  co., 
and  of  the  state  of  Vermont.  It  is  situated  on 
an  alluvial  plain  of  moderate  extent,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  N.  and  s.  branches  of  Winooski  or 
Onion  r.,  surrounded  by  elevated  hills,  some  of 
which  rise  abruptly — in  44°  16'  n.  lat.,  and  71° 
33  w.  Ion.,  38  e.  s.  e.  Burlington,  60  n.  Windsor, 
150  n.  n.  e.  Albany,  160  n.  n.  w.  Boston,  97  n. 
n.  w.  Concord,  N.  H,  516  W.  Pop.  in  1830, 1,792  ; 
1840,  3,725.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  very 
fertile.  Watered  by  Winooski  or  Onion  r.  and 
its  branches.  At  the  centre  is  a  small  v.,  con- 
taining a  Methodist  church.  The  principal  vil- 
lage is  situated  in  the  s.  w.  part  of  the  t.,  and 
about  10  ms.  n.  e.  of  the  geographical  centre  of 
the  state.  It  became  the  capital  of  the  state  in 
1805.  Onion  r.  and  its  branches  here  afford  a 
good  water  power.    The  t.  was  chartered  in 


MON 


427 


MOO 


1780,  and  first  settled  in  1786,  on  the  present 
site  of  the  village.  The  road  through  the  Green 
mountains,  which  passes  through  this  place,  en- 
counters no  high  hills,  and  constitutes  Montpelier 
v.  a  great  thoroughfare.  The  v.  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  an  academy,  4  churches — 2 
Congregational,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Universalist 
—and  J, 700  inhabitants.  Among  the  public 
buildings  is  the  state  house,  an  elegant  granite 
edifice,  150  feet  long ;  the  centre,  including  the 
portico,  100  feet  deep ;  and  the  wings,  72  feet 
deep.  The  front  in  the  centre  has  a  fine  Doric 
portico  of  6  columns,  6  feet  in  diameter  at  the 
base,  and  36  feet  high.  The  edifice  is  surmount- 
ed by  a  dome,  100  feet  high  at  the  top,  from  the 
ground.  In  the  interior  are  convenient  state 
offices,  and  spacious  and  elegant  rooms  for  the 
senate  and  house  of  representatives.  The  vil- 
lage was  incorporated  in  1818.  There  are  in 
the  t.  22  stores,  cap.  $127,900  ;  1  furnace,  1  ful- 
ling m.,  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  1  paper 
m.,  6  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  2  daily  and  6 
weekly  newspapers,  and  1  periodical.  Cap.  in 
marmfac.  $82,775.  1  acad.  101  students,  20  sch. 
975  scholars. 

Montpelier,  p-o.,  Hanover  co.,  Va.,  23  n. 
Richmond,  112  W. 

Montpelier,  p-v.,  Richmond  co.,  N.  C,  91  s. 
w.  Raleigh,  379  W. 

Montpelier,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Ga.,  17  w. 
Macon.  Here  is  a  large  hotel,  and  a  mineral 
spring  of  some  celebrity. 

Montpelier,  p-v.,  Marengo  co.,  Ala. 

Montpelier,  p-v.,  Blackford  co.,  la.,  81  n.  e. 
Indianapolis,  552  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of 
ISalamanie  r. 

Montpelier,  p-o.,  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa. 

Montrose,  pb.,  Bridgewater  t.,  capital  of 
Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  175  n.  n.  e.  Harrisburg, 
285  W.  Situated  on  elevated  ground,  near  the 
sources  of  Wyalusing  and  Mishoppen  creeks, 
which  flow  into  the  Susquehanna  r.  It  was 
founded  in  1811,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  and  1 
Methodist — 14  stores,  cap.  $71,500;  1  tannery,  3 
printing  offices,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $19,505.  1  acad.  110  students,  3  sch. 
135  scholars.     Pop.  632. 

Montour,  t.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1 
tannery,  1  distillery,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $6,060.  3  sch.  95  scholars.  Pop. 
809. 

Montrose,  p-v.,  Lee  co.,  Iowa.  It  is  situated 
on  elevated  ground,  on  a  beautiful  prairie,  and 
commands  a  view  of  the  Mississippi  r.,  and  of 
the  surrounding  country  for  20  miles.  It  is  op- 
posite to  the  Mormon  city  of  Nauvoo.  This  was 
the  site  of  the  "  Camp  Des  Moines,"  and  here  are 
many  remains  of  ancient  mounds. 

Monturesville,  p-v.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  95 
N.  Harrisburg,  205  W. 

Montvail  Springs,  p-o.,  Blount  co.,  Tenn., 
194  e.  by  s.  Nashville,  532  W. 

Montville,  p-t.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  26  e.  n.  e. 
Augusta,  622  W.  Drained  by  head  branches  of 
Sheepscot  r.  Incorporated  in  1807.  The  soil 
is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$1,570 ;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
15  sch.  832  scholars, 


op. 


manufac.  $5,300.     15  sch.  832  scholars.     Pi 
2,153. 

Montville,  t.,  New  London  co.,  Ct.,  36  s.  e. 
Hartford,  360  W.  Situated  about  midway  between 
Norwich  and  New  London.  Thames  r.  bounds 
it  on  the  e.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil,  fertile. 
Watered  by  Yantic  r.,  which  affords  water 
power.  It  contains  5  churches — 2  Congrega- 
tionalists,  2  Baptist,  and  1  in  the  Mohegan  Indian 


reservation.  There  is  a  small  remnant  of  this 
once  powerful  and  friendly  tribe  remaining,  to 
whose  use  2,700  acres  of  land  are  secured.  The 
greater  part  of  the  men  follow  the  whaling  busi- 
ness, and  are  but  occasionally  here.  They  have 
a  small  church  and  school  house.  There  are  in 
the  t.  4  stores,  cap.  $4,000 ;  3  fulling  m.,  5  woollen 
fac,  4  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $80,000.  11  sch.  432  scholars.  Population, 
1,990. 

Montville,  p-v.,  Pequannock  t.,  Morris  co., 
N.  J.,  67  n.  by  e.  Trenton,  238  W.  Situated  in 
a  deep  valley,  through  which  the  Morris  canal 
passes,  by  2  inclined  planes.  It  contains  a  Dutch 
Reformed  church,  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m., 
and  15  or  20  dwellings. 

Montville,  p-t.,  Geauga  co.,  O.,  180  n.  e.  by 
N.  Columbus,  339  W.     It  has  1  store,  cap.  $4,000 ; 

1  saw  m.,  2  sch.  63  scholars.     Pop.  567. 
Montville,  t.,  Medina  co.,  O.    It  has  2  saw 

m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,348.  4  sch.  181  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  914. 

Monument,  p-v.,  Sandwich  t.,  Barnstable  co., 
Mass.,  60  s.  Boston,  461  W.  Situated  on  the  e. 
side  of  Buzzard's  bay.  It  has  1  Methodist  church, 
and  several  dwellings. 

Moodus,  p-o.,  East  Haddam  t.,  Middlesex  co., 
Ct.,  27  s.  Hartford,  339  W. 

Mooers,  p-t.,  Clinton  co.,  N.  Y.,  18  n.  Platts- 
burg,  198  n.  Albany,  573  W.  The  surface  is 
hilly  and  broken ;  soil,  various.  Drained  by 
Chazy  r.,  which  enters  Lake  Champlain,  and 
English  r.-,  which  flows  into  Canada.  The  v.  is 
on  the  n.  side  of  Chazy  r.,  and  contains  1  Con- 
gregational, and  1  Methodist  church,  2  stores,  1 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  cloth  dressing  and  carding 
machine,  25  dwellings,  and  about  150  inhabit- 
ants.    There  are  in  the  t.  5  stores,  cap.  $18,400; 

2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  25  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $60,105.  10  sch.  259  scholars.  Pop. 
1,703. 

Moon,  t.,  Beave«  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  tannery, 
1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,600. 

I  sch.  25  scholars.  Pop.  748. 

Moon,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.  Ohio  r.  bounds 
it  on  the  N.  E.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  loam. 
Drained  by  Raveden's,  Flaugherty's,  and  Mon- 
ture's  run.  The  v.  of  Middleton  is  on  Ohio  r.,  10 
ms.  below  Pittsburg,  opposite  to  Neville  island.  It 
contains  4  stores,  cap.  $5,600;  2  tanneries,  2 
flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $4,400.    7  sch.  245  scholars.     Pop.  1,281. 

Mooney,  t.,  Polk  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  864. 

Mooney,  t.,  Phillips  co.,  Ark.  It  has  2  grist 
m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,000.    Pop.  348. 

Moon's,  p-o.,  Fayette  co.,  O.,  58  s.  w.  Colum- 
bus, 431  W. 

Moore,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  a  little  s.  w. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  740  sq. 
ms.  Drained  by  Deep  and  Haw  rivers,  and  the 
sources  of  Lumber  r.  The  soil  is  generally  fer- 
tile on  the  margins  of  streams.  Capital,  Carthage. 
There  were  in  1810,  neat  cattle  3,460,  sheep 
5,433,  swine  6,570  ;  wheat  15,643  bush,  produced, 
rye  4,195,  Ind.  corn  30,325,  oats  17,241,  potatoes 
20,194,  rice  1,756  pounds,  tobacco  31,416,  cotton 
750,640 ;  7  stores,  cap.  $23,700 ;  3  tanneries,  3 
distilleries,  4  flouring  m.,  57  grist  m.,  14  saw  m., 

II  sch.  274  scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,443,  slaves 
1,472,  free  col'd  73 ;  total,  7,988.    «•* 

Moore,  t.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa.  The  surface 
is  rolling;  soil,  gravel.  Drained  by  the  head 
waters  of  Hockendoque  and  Monokissy  creeks. 
Blue  mountain  forms  its  n.  boundary,  in  which 
is  an  opening,  denominated  Smith's  gap.  It  has 
4 stores,  cap.  $9,000  ;  1  lumberyard,  cap.  $1,500  ; 
2  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  5  grist  m., 


MOO 


428 


MOR 


5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $24,200.  4  sch.  199 
scholars.     Pop.  2,389. 

3Ioore's  Creek,  p-o.,  N.  Hanover  co.,  N.  C, 
124  s.  s.  e.  Raleigh,  354  W. 

Moorefield,  p-v.,  capital  of  Hardy  co.,  Va., 
178  n.  w.  Richmond,  130  W.  Situated  on  the  E. 
bank  of  the  s.  branch  of  Potomac  r.,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  s.  Fork.  It  is  in  one  of  the  richest 
valleys  in  Va.,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
1  church,  free  to  all  denominations,  5  stores,  2 
flouring  m.,  2  carding  and  fulling  m.,  50  dwell- 
ings, and  about  300  inhabitants. 

Moorefield,  p-v.,  Nicholas  co.,  Ky.,  53  e. 
by  n.  Frankfort,  501  W.  Situated  on  a  small 
branch  of  Licking  r. 

Moorefield,  p-t.,  Harrison  co.,  O.,  102  e.  by 
N.  Columbus,  295  W. 

Moorefield,  p-v..  Switzerland  co.,  la.,  95  s. 
E.  Indianapolis,  546  W. 

Mooresboro',  p-v.,  Cleveland  co.,  N.  C. 
Situated  on  w.  side  of  Sandy  run,  16  ms.  from 
Rutherfordton. 

Mooresburg,  p-v.,  Liberty  t.,  Columbia  co., 
Pa.,  77  n.  by  e.  Harrisburg,  187  W. 

Moore's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Hardiman  co., 
Tenn.,  194  s.  w.  by  w.  Nashville,  879  W. 

Moore's  Hill,  p-o.,  Dearborn  co.,  la.,  74  s.  e. 
Indianapolis,  530  W. 

Moore's  Iron  Works,  p-o.,  Johnson  co., 
Tenn.,  323  e.  by  n.  Nashville,  401  W. 

Moore's  Prairie,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  111.,  143 
s.  s.  w.  Springfield,  789  W. 

Moore's  Salt  Works,  p-o.,  Ross  t,  Jeffer- 
son co.,  O.,  133  e.  by  n.  Columbus,  286  W. 

Moore's  Store,  p-o.,  Shenandoah  co.,  Va., 
158  n.  w.  Richmond,  125  W. 

Moorestown,  p-v.,  Chester  t.,  Burlington  co., 
N.  J.,  26  s.  Trenton,  148  W.  Situated  near  the 
N.  branch  of  Pensauken  cr.,  and  contains  2 
churches — 1  Friends  and  1  Methodist — 5  stores, 
and  about  60  dwellings. 

Mooresville,  p-v.,  Roxbury  t.,  Delaware  co., 
N.  Y.,  58  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  359  W. . 

Mooresville,  p-v.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C,  75  n. 
w.  Raleigh,  294  W. 

Mooresville,  p-v.,  Limestone  co.,  Ala.,  146 
N.  by  e.  Tuscaloosa,  732  W. 

Mooresville,  p-v.,  Marshall  co.,  Tenn.,  60  s. 
by  w.  Nashville,  718  W. 

Mooresville,  p-v.,  Morgan  co.,  la.,  16  s.  w. 
Indianapolis,  587  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of 
White  Lick  cr. 

Moorland,  p-o.,  Morefield  t.,  Wayne  co.,  O., 
95  n.  e.  Columbus,  353  W. 

Moose,  r.,  N.  H.,  rises  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
White  mountains,  and  enters  Androscoggin  r.,  in 
Shelburne. 

Moose,  r.,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Hamilton  co.,  and 
flowing  across  Herkimer  and  Lewis  counties, 
enters  Black  r.,  a  short  distance  above  the  High 
Falls. 

Moosehead  Lake,  Me.,  is  40  ms.  long,  and 
from  10  to  15  broad,  and  contains  100,000  acres. 
It  is  the  source  of  the  e.  branch  of  Kennebec 
river. 

Moosehillock,  mountain,  N.  H,  14  e.  Hav- 
erhill, in  the  s.  e.  part  of  Coventry,  so  called 
from  the  moose,  which  formerly  abounded  on  it, 
has  2  peaks.  The  south  peak  is  4,032  feet  above 
Connecticut  r.,  at  Oxford  bridge,  and  4,556  above 
the  sea;  the  N.  peak  is  4,636  feet  above  the 
ocean.  Its  "summit  is  a  bare  mass  of  granite  rock, 
on  parts  of  which  snow  is  found  in  every  month, 
excepting  July. 

Moose  Meadows,  p-o.,  Tolland  co.,  Ct. 

Moose  River,  p-o.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  113  n. 
Augusta,  708  W. 


Moosop,  p-o.,  Windham  co.,  Ct.,  45  e.  Hart- 
ford, 376  W. 

Moral,  t.,  Shelby  co.,  la.  It  has  1  distillery. 
3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,200. 
Pop.  1,146. 

Moravia,  p-t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y.,  158  w.  Al- 
bany, 322  W.  The  surface  is  uneven,  with  a 
broad  valley,  through  which  flows  the  Ovvasco 
inlet,  affording  good  water  power.  The  soil  in 
the  valleys  is  fertile.  Owasco  lake  lies  on  its  n. 
w.  border.  The  v.,  incorporated  in  1837,  con- 
tains 1  Presbyterian  and  1  Episcopal  church,  5 
stores,  1  cotton  fac,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  tan- 
nery, 100  dwellings,  and  about  600  inhabitants. 
The  Moravian  Institute  is  located  here.  There 
are  in  the  t.  7  stores,  cap.  $19,100  ;  2  fulling  m., 
2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $87,050.  1  acad.  177  students,  12  sch.  720 
scholars.     Pop.  2,010. 

Moravia,  p-o.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  248  w.  by  n. 
Harrisburg. 

Mordansville,  p-v.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa. 

Moreatj,  p-t.,  Saratoga  co.,  N.  Y.,  50  n.  Alba- 
ny, 421  W.  The  surface  is  mostly  level,  wdth 
some  hills  on  the  E. ;  soil,  sand,  loam,  and  clay, 
and  generally  fertile.  Hudson  r.  flows  on  its  n. 
and  e.  boundary,  having  here  a  great  bend.  It 
embraces  part  of  Baker's  falls,  Glen's  falls,  and 
the  great  dam  at  Fort  Edward,  and  has  extensive 
water  power.  It  contains  5  stores,  cap.  $5,900 ; 
1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $26,600.     9  sch.  319  scholars.     Pop.  1,576. 

Moreau,  t.,  Morgan  co.,  Mo.  It  has  3  sch.  64 
scholars.     Pop.  790. 

Moreau,  p-t.,  Cole  co.,  Mo.,  18  s.  w.  Jefferson 
City,  954  W.  It  has  2  sch.  54  scholars.  Pop. 
975. 

Morefield,  t.,  Clark  co.,  O.  It  has  6  sch.  170 
scholars.    Pop.  1,071. 

Morefield,  t.,  Harrison  co ,  O.  It  has  8  sch. 
235  scholars.    Pop.  1,505. 

Morehouse,  t.,  Hamilton  co.,  N.  Y.,  82  n.  w. 
Albany.  The  surface  is  diversified ;  soil,  sandy 
loam.  It  contains  numerous  lakes  and  ponds, 
giving  rise  to  various  streams.  It  has  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,250.  2  sch.  43  scholars. 
Pop.  169. 

Morehouseville,  p-v.,  Morehouse  t.,  Hamil- 
ton co.,  N.  Y,  117  n.  w.  Albany,  432  W.  It  has 
10  or  15  dwellings,  and  3  saw  m.,  on  Canada  cr., 
half  a  mile  n. 

Moreland,  p-o.,  Dix  t.,  Chemung  co.,  N.  Y., 
198  w.  by  s.  Albany,  301  W. 

Moreland,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  14  n.  e. 
Norristown,  16  n.  Philadelphia.  Watered  by 
Pennypack  cr.  and  its  tributaries.  The  surface 
is  rolling ;  soil,  a  fertile  loam.  At  Hatboro'  v. 
there  is  an  academy.  It  has  8  stores,  cap. 
$33,700  ;  1  cotton  fac.  1,872  sp.,  1  tannery,  1  pa- 
per fac,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  2 
flouring  m.,  8  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $51,810.  1  acad.  70  students,  3  sch.  100 
scholars.     Pop.  2,162. 

Moreland,  p-t.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  94  n.  Har- 
risburg, 204  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil, 
gravel.  Drained  by  Little  Muncy  cr.  It  abounds 
with  good  white  pine  timber.  It  has  1  fulling  m., 
1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $3,900.    5  sch.  59  scholars.    Pop.  682. 

Moreland,  t.,  Philadelphia  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $2,000.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $400.  1 
sch.  12  scholars.     Pop.  469. 

Moreland,  p-o.,  Bourbon  co.,  Ky.,  32  K 
Frankfort,  514  W. 

Moreland,  t.,  Scott  co.,  Mo.  It  has  2  sch.  38 
scholars.    Pop.  1,318. 

Moreman's  River,  p-o.,  Albemarle  co.,  Va. 


MOR 


429 


MOR 


106  w.  N.  w.  Richmond,  142  W.    It  has  one 
store. 

Morenel  p-o.,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  99  s.  w. 
Detroit,  507  W. 

Morkts  Mill,  p-o.,  Ashe  co.,  N.  C. 

Morktown,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  13  s.  w. 
Montpelier,  512  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous, 
and  much  of  it  incapable  of  cultivation.  Char- 
tered in  1763  ;  first,  settled  in  1790.  Watered  by 
Mad  r.,  which  flows  into  Winooski  r.,  and  affords 
water  power.  It  contains  1  Congregationalist 
and  1  Methodist  church.  It  has  1  store,  cap 
$500  ;  2  fulling  m.,  3  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $11,910.  9  sch.  223  scholars.  Pop. 
1,128. 

Morgan,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  350  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Cacapon  r.  and  Sleepy  cr.,  which  flow  into 
the  Potomac.  The  surface  is  broken  and  rocky 
soil,  in  the  valleys,  fertile.  Capital,  Bath.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,801,  sheep  3,830, 
swine  5,669 ;  wheat  37,527  bush,  produced,  rye 
13,812,  Ind.  corn  63,101,  buckwheat  4,880,  oats 
41,590,  potatoes  17,355,  tobacco  641  pounds,  sugar 
4,229 ;  12  stores,  cap.  $44,500 ;  1  fulling  m..  2 
woollen  fee.,  4  tanneries,  5  distilleries,  2  potteries, 
5  flouring  m.,  12  grist  m.,  25  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $9,044.  14  sch.  317  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  4,113,  slaves  134,  free  col'd  6  ;  total, 
4,253. 

Morgan,  county,  Ga.  Situated  a  little  n.  e. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  320  sq. 
ms.  Drained  by  branches  of  Oconee  r.  Capi- 
tal, Madison.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
11,610,  sheep  3,360,  swine  18,568;  wheat  31,240 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  332,116,  oats  173,700, 
cotton  8,247,150  pounds.  Pop.  whites  3,461, 
slaves  5,646,  free  col'd  14  ;  total,  9,121. 

Morgan,  county,  Ala.  Situated  in  the  N.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  720  sq.  ms.  Tennessee 
r.  runs  on  its  n.  boundary.  Drained  by  Flint  r. 
and  Cotaco  cr.,  and  their  branches,  which  flow 
into  the  Tennessee  r.  Capital,  Summerville. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  13,059,  sheep 
4,483,  swine  35,844;  wheat  25,262  bush,  pro- 
duced, Ind.  corn  788,093,  barley  1,188,  oats 
48,954,  potatoes  14,603,  tobacco  7,223  pounds, 
cotton  7,381,274 ;  1  commission  house,  cap. 
$15,000;  12  stores,  cap.  $46,300;  1  tannery,  5 
distilleries,  16  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  1  printing  office, 
1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,511. 
5  acad.  131  students,  21  sch.  443  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  6,580,  slaves  3,216,  free  col'd  45 ;  total, 
9,841. 

Morgan,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  n.  e.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  640  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Emery  r.  and  its  branches,  which 
flows  into  the  Tennessee  r.,  and  by  branches  of 
the  s.  fork  of  Cumberland  r.  The  surface  is  un- 
even and  mountainous,  being  traversed  by  the 
Cumberland  mountains.  Capital,  Montgomery. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,321,  sheep 
1,585,  swine  10,224 ;  wheat  1,261  bush,  produced, 
Ind.com  53,254,  oats  13,561,  potatoes  4,896 ;  3 
stores,  cap.  $6,000 ;  2  tanneries,  2  distilleries. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,000.  Pop.  whites  1,534, 
slaves  84,  free  col'd  42 ;  total,  1,660. 

Morgan,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  890  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Licking  r.  and  its  branches,  and  by  a  branch 
of  Kentucky  r.,  by  which  it  is  well  watered. 
Capital,  West  Liberty.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  6,594,  sheep  6,261,  swine  13,566; 
wheat  6,586  bush,  produced,  rye  1,956,  Ind.  corn 
193,697,  oats  31,849,  potatoes  9,179,  tobacco  1,908 
pounds,  sugar  2  4,304  ;  6  stores,  cap.  $12,500  ;  4 
tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw.    Cap.  in  manufac. 


$3,561.    Pop.  whites  4,539,  slaves  61,  free  col'd 
3 ;  total,  4,603. 

Morgan,  county,  O.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  500  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Muskingum  r.  and  its  branches,  and 
by  Duck  cr.,  which  afford  extensive  water  power. 
The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  fertile.  There  are 
extensive  salt  works  on  the  Muskingum,  which 
produce  over  400,000  bushels  annually.  The 
wells  from  which  the  brine  is  obtained  are  from 
6  to  800  feet  deep.  Capital,  McConnelsville. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  13,134,  sheep 
28,440,  swine  26,636:  wheat  283,880  bush,  pro- 
duced, Ind.  com  447,630,  buckwheat  2,498,  oats 
181,447,  potatoes  51,201,  tobacco  49,900  pounds, 
sugar  62,640  ;  33  stores,  cap.  $59,957  ;  1  fulling 
m.,  12  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  1  brewery,  1  pot- 
tery, 20  grist  m.,  44  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  2  printing 
offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$49,595.  119  sch.  4,449  scholars.  Population, 
20,852. 

Morgan,  county,  la.  Situated  a  little  s.  w. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  453  sq. 
ms.  Drained  by  the  w.  fork  of  White  r.  and  its 
branches.  White  r.  is  navigable.  The  surface 
is  rolling  or  hilly;  soil,  very  fertile.  Capital, 
Martinsville.  There  were  in  1840,  cattle  10,964, 
sheep  12,871,  swine  36,231 ;  wheat  49,217  bush, 
produced,  rye  1,078,  Ind.  com  475,753,  oats 
78,757,  sugar  36,222  pounds ;  15  stores,  cap. 
$54,750 ;  1  woollen  fac,  6  tanneries,  5  distille- 
ries, 2  potteries,  5  flouring  m.,  8  grist  m.,  16  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $39,400.  53  sch.  2,050 
scholars.     Pop.  10,741. 

Morgan,  county,  111.  Situated  a  little  e.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  510  sq.  ms. 
Illinois  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border.  Drained  by 
Indian,  Mauvaiseterre,  Apple,  and  Sandy  creeks, 
which  afford  water  power.  The  surface  is  di- 
vided into  timber  and  prairie  lands  ;  soil,  fertile 
and  well  cultivated.  It  is  destined  to  be  one  of 
the  richest  agricultural  counties  in  the  state. 
Capital,  Jacksonville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  19,553,  sheep  13,037,  swine  33,568  ;  wheat 
60,931  bush,  produced,  rye  3,722,  Indian  com 
799,210,  barley  8,130,  oats  96,227,  potatoes  31,111, 
tobacco  1,200  pounds  ;  47  stores,  cap.  $201,950  ; 
5  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  20  grist  m.,  16  saw  m., 
1  paper  fac,  2  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  1  week- 
ly and  1  periodical  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $65,738.  1  college,  35  students,  6  acad.  222 
students,  60  sch.  1,752  scholars.     Pop.  19,547. 

Morgan,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the  central 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  792  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  consists  of  woodland  and  prairie;  soil, 
on  the  streams,  fertile.  It  contains  some  miner- 
als. Drained  by  the  s.  fork  of  La  Mine  r.,  Mo- 
reau  cr.,  and  branches  of  Osage  r.  Capital,  Ver- 
sailles. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,954, 
sheep  3,913,  swine  17,487;  wheat  9,225  bush, 
produced,  Ind.  com  163,420,  oats  27,632,  potatoes 
7,177  tobacco  17,831  pounds,  cotton  954,  sugar 
2,135;  7  stores,  cap.  $24,500;  1  tannery,  1  distil- 
lery, 8  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$950.  1  acad.  30  students,  5  sch.  121  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  3,891,  slaves  512,  free  col'd  4;  total, 
4,407. 

Morgan,  t.,  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  50  n.  e.  Montpe- 
lier, 15  n.  n.  E.  Irasburg.  Surface  moderately 
uneven  ;  soil,  fertile.  Watered  by  a  head  branch 
of  Clyde  r.  Seymour's  lake,  4  ms.  long  and  2 
wide,  in  the  central  part  of  the  t.,  discharges  its 
waters  to  the  s.  through  Echo  pond,  into  Clyde 
r.  Chartered  in  1780.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$3,000 ;  4  sch.  75  scholars.     Pop.  422. 

Morgan,  t.,  Greene  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $8,000;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  distiller- 


MOR 


430 


MOR 


ies,  5  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$27,170.     5  sen.  125  scholars.     Pop.  1,094. 

Morgan,  p-t.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.,  195  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 355  W.  Watered  by  Grand  r.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $1,100 ;  3  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,650.  3  sch.  120  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  643. 

Morgan,  t.,  Butler  co.,  O.  It  has  9  sch.  450 
scholars.    Pop.  1,726. 

Morgan,  t.,  Gallia  co.,  O.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$200 ;  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $240.  3  sch. 
75  scholars.    Pop.  744. 

Morgan,  t.,  Knox  co.,  O.  It  has  8  sch.  290 
scholars.     Pop.  912. 

Morgan,  t.,  Morgan  co.,  O.  It  contains  the  v. 
of  McConnelsville,  the  capital  of  the  co.  It  has 
10  stores,  cap.  $23,600 ;  2  tanneries,  1  brewery, 
2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers,  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,685.  5  sch.  475  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,518. 

Morgan,  t.,  Scioto  co.,  O.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Scioto  r.  The  land  is  hilly,  with  fertile 
valleys.  The  Ohio  canal  passes  through  it.  It 
has  2  sch.  38  scholars.     Pop.  265. 

Morgan,  t.,  Livingston  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch. 
17  scholars.    Pop.  178. 

Morgan,  t.,  Polk  co.,  Mo.  It  has  3  schools  60 
scholars.    Pop.  870. 

Morgan,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Morgan  co., 
Tenn.,  156  e.  Nashville,  548  W.  Situated  on  the 
w.  side  of  Emerys  r.  It  has  a  court  house  and 
several  dwellings. 

Morgan's  Creek,  p-o.,  Perry  co.,  Tenn.,  99  s. 
w.  Nashville,  783  W. 

Morganfield,  p-v.,  capital  of  Union  co.,  Ky., 
221  w.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  748  W.,  10  ms.  s.  of  Ohio 
r.    It  has  a  court  house  and  several  dwellings. 

Morgansburg,  p-v.,  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  103  n. 
by  w.  Richmond,  81  W. 

Morgan's  Fork,  p-o.,  Pike  co.,  O.,  74  s.  Co- 
lumbus, 409  W. 

Morgantown,  p-v.,  Caernarvon  t.,  Berks  co., 
Pa.,  56  E.  Harrisburg,  134  W.  It  contains  a  Ger- 
man Presbyterian  church,  2  stores,  50  dwellings, 
and  about  300  inhabitants. 

Morgantown,  p-v.,  capital  of  Monongalia  co., 
Va.,  295  n.  w.  Richmond,  218  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  bank  of  Monongahela  r.,  at  the  head  of 
steamboat  navigation.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  2  churches — 1  Presbyterian  and  1  Method- 
ist— 1  female  academy,  8  stores,  2  flouring  m.,  1 
fulling  m.,  a  printing  office,  issuing  a  weekly 
newspaper,  100  dwellings,  and  about  700  inhabit- 
ants. It  is  the  centre  of  an  extensive  manufac- 
turing region. 

Morgantown,  p-v.,  Burke  co.,  N.  C,  197  w. 
Raleigh,  427  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of  the 
Catawba  r.  It  has  a  court  house,  jail,  and  sev- 
eral stores  and  dwellings. 

Morgantown,  p-v.,  Blount  co.,  Tenn.,  178  e. 
by  s.  Nashville,  534  W. 

Morgantown,  p-v.,  capital  of  Butler  co.,  Ky., 
143  s.  w.  by  w.  Frankfort.  Situated  on  the  s. 
side  of  Green  r.  It  has  a  court  house,  and  sev- 
eral stores  and  dwellings. 

Morgantown,  p-v.,  Morgan  co.,  la.,  39  s.  In- 
dianapolis, 598  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of 
Big  Indian  cr. 

Morganville,  p-o.,  Nottoway  co.,  Va.,  55  s. 
w.  Richmond,  175  W. 

Moriah,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  N.  Y.,  115  n.  Albany, 
486  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous  on  the  w., 
where  is  the  Adirondack  range,  which  abounds 
with  iron  ore.  The  soil  in  the  valleys  is  a  fer- 
tile calcareous  loam.  Lake  Champlain  bounds 
it  on  the  e.  Drained  by  Schroon  branch  of  Hud- 
son r.    The  v.,  on  elevated  ground,  3  ms.  w.  of 


Lake  Champlain,  contains  1  Congregational  and 
1  Baptist  church,  an  academy,  4  stores,  120 
dwellings,  and  about  800  inhabitants.  There  are 
in  the  t.  12  stores,  cap.  $33,600 ;  4  furnaces,  5 
forges,  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  54 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $80,950.  2  acad.  160 
students,  15  sch.  597  scholars.     Pop.  2,595. 

Moriches,  p-v.,  Brookhaven  t.,  Suffolk  co.,  N. 
Y.,  218  s.  s.  e.  Albany,  298  W.  It  is  a  scattered 
settlement,  containing  a  church,  2  mills,  and 
about  25  dwellings. 

Moringville,  p-v.,  Chatham  co.,  N.  C,  20  n. 
Raleigh,  294  W. 

Morley,  p-o.,  Canton  t.,  St.  Lawrence  co., 
N.  Y. 

Morning  Sun,  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  207  w. 
s.  w.  Nashville,  892  W. 

Morning  Sun,  p-v.,  Israel  t.,  Preble  co.,  O.,  Ill 
w.  by  s.  Columbus,  508  W. 

Morris,  county,  N.  J.  Situated  toward  the 
N.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  500  square 
miles.  Drained  by  Rockaway  and  Whippany 
rivers,  which  flow  into  the  Passaic,  and  by  head 
branches  of  Raritan  river.  The  surface  is  hilly 
or  mountainous  toward  the  n.,  but  nearly  level 
in  the  valley  of  the  Passaic  to  the  s. ;  soil,  mostly 
red  shale.  Iron  ore  abounds,  and  is  chiefly  mag- 
netic. The  Morris  canal  passes  through  the  co. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  18,617,  sheep 
19,147,  swine  12,719;  wheat  27,103  bushels  pro- 
duced, rye  72,551,  Ind.  corn  226,248,  buckwheat 
89,175,  oats  262,335,  potatoes  219,996;  96  stores, 
cap.  $445,200 ;  5  lumber  yards,  cap.  $21,800 ;  3 
furnaces,  43  forges,  7  fulling  m.,  6  woollen  fac, 
4  cotton  fac-  2,908  sp.,  19  tanneries,  50  distilleries, 
1  pottery,  37  grist  m.,  57  saw  m.,  4  paper  fac,  3 
printing  offices,  2  binderies,  2  weekly  newspa- 
pers. Cap.  in  manu*ac.  $505,070.  10  acad.  456 
students,  103  sch.  4,343  scholars.     Pop.  25,814. 

Morris,  t.,  Morris  co.,  N.  J.,  28  w.  New  York. 
The  surface,  in  the  centre  and  the  n.,  is  hilly ; 
elsewhere,  rolling  or  level.  Passaic  r.  bounds  it 
on  the  w.  and  s.,  by  tributaries  of  which,  and  by 
Whippany  r.,  it  is  watered.  It  has  23  stores,  cap. 
$79,400 ;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $5,000 ;  3  distil- 
leries, 2  paper  fac,  5  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $137,380.  3  acad.  116  students,  10  sch. 
341  scholars.     Pop.  4,013. 

Morris,  p-t.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  133  n.  by  w.  Har- 
risburg, 247  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  gravel 
and  clay.  It  has  2  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac 
$650.     Pop.  120. 

Morris,  t.,  Greene  co.,  Pa.  It  has  4  grist  m., 
6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,340.  3  sch.  85 
scholars.     Pop.  1,162. 

Morris,  t.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $22,000;  1  commission  store,  capital 
$3,600 ;  2  furnaces,  1  forge,  3  grist  m.,  7  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,155.     Pop.  1,516. 

Morris,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  tan- 
nery, 5  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$2,400.     11  sch.  330  scholars.    Pop.  1,683. 

Morris,  t,  Knox  co.,  O.  The  3  upper  branch- 
es of  Vernon  r.  unite  in  this  t.,  forming  a  tract  of 
6,000  acres  of  fertile  dry  bottom  land.  It  has  5 
sch.  190  scholars.    Pop.  1,072. 

Morrisania,  v.,  Westchester  t.,  Westchester 
co.,  N.  Y.  Situated  on  the  n.  e.  side  of  Harlem 
r.  It  has  1  church,  1  store,  and  about  12  or  15 
dwellings. 

Morrison's  Bluff,  p-o.,  Johnson  co.,  Ark., 
101  n.  w.  Little  Rock,  1,169  W. 

Morrisons  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Warren  co., 
Tenn.,  83  s.  e.  by  e.  Nashville,  632  W. 

Morrison's  Tan  Yard,  p-o.,  Mecklenburg  co., 
N.  C,  158  w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  395  W. 

Morristown,  p-t.,  Lamoille  co.,  Vt,  28  n 


MOR 


431 


MOU 


by  w.  Montpelier,  544  W.  The  surface  is  diver- 
sified ;  soil,  fertile,  particularly  on  Lamoille  r., 
which  affords  water  power.  It  contains  3  church- 
es— 1  Congregational,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Univer- 
salis!— and  a  town  house  for  public  meetings. 
Chartered  in  1780;  first  settled  in  1790.  It  has 
4  stores,  cap.  $10,800 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2 
grist  m.,  9  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Capital  in  manufac. 
$20,050.     12  sch.  423  scholars.     Pop.  1,502. 

Morristovv.n,  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.  Y., 
199  N.  n.  w.  Albany,  466  W.  Situated  on  the  s. 
E.  side  of  St.  Lawrence  r.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating ;  soil,  clay  loam.  It  has  Black  lake  on  it 
s.  E.  border.  The  v.  is  on  the  St..  Lawrence  r., 
1 1  ms.  above  Ogdensburg,  and  contains  2  church- 
es, 3  stores,  2  storehouses,  1  steam  grist  m.,  2 
tanneries,  40  dwellings,  and  about  225  inhabit- 
ants. There  is  a  good  landing  place  on  the  St. 
Lawrence.  There  are  in  the  t.  3  stores,  capital 
$10,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $3,850.  15  sch.  472  scholars.  Pop.  2,809. 

Morristown,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Morris  co., 
N.  J.,  53  n.  by  e.  Trenton,  224  W.  It  is  situated 
on  an  elevated  plain,  with  steep  slopes  on  2  sides, 
commanding  a  picturesque  view  of  the  surround- 
ing country.  The  streets  are  regularly  laid  out, 
crossing  each  other  at  right  angles,  with  a  public 
square  in  the  centre,  ornamented  with  trees.  It 
contains  a  handsome  court  house,  of  brick,  with 
a  jail  in  the  basement,  a  bank,  an  academy,  4 
churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist, 
and  1  Methodist — 30  stores,  2  paper  m.,  1  grist 
m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  iron  works,  5  wagon  fac,  and 
about  2,500  inhabitants.  The  place  is  supplied 
with  pure  spring  water  by  an  aqueduct,  between 

1  and  2  ms.  long.  The  Morris  and  Essex  railroad 
has  cars  which  pass  4  times  daily  between  New- 
ark and  Morristown,  and  connect  with  the  rail- 
road from  Philadelphia  to  New  York. 

Morrist<|wn,  p-v.,  Union  t.,  Belmont  co.,  O., 
105  e.  Columbus,  288  W.  Situated  on  the  na- 
tional road,  9  w.  St.  Clairsville.  It  contains  a 
handsome  Presbyterian  church,  of  brick,  5  stores, 

2  tanneries,  1  carding  machine  and  fulling  m.,  50 
dwellings,  and  about  300  inhabitants. 

Morristown,  p-v.,  Shelby  co.,  la.,  26  e.  by  s. 
Indianapolis,  552  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  side  of 
Blue  r. 

Morristown,  p-v.,  capital  of  Henry  co.,  HI., 
141  n.  n.  w.  Springfield,  870  W.  Situated  4  ms. 
s.  of  Green  r. 

Morristown,  p-v.,  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn.,  226 
e.  Nashville,  458  W.  Situated  on  the  stage  road 
from  Greenville  to  Knoxville. 

Morrisville,  p-v.,  Morristown  t.,  Lamoille 
co.,  Vt.,  26  N.  Montpelier,  542  W. 

Morrisville,  p-v.,  Eaton  t,  capital  of  Madi- 
son co.,  N.  Y.,  102  w.  by  n.  Albany,  359  W. 
Situated  on  the  Cherry  Valley  turnpike.  Incor- 
porated in  1819,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
clerk's  office,  3  churches,  an  academy,  5  stores, 
1  woollen  fac,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  130  dwell- 
ings, and  about  700  inhabitants. 

Morrisville,  p-b.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  125  e.  Har- 
risburg,  165  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Del- 
aware r.,  opposite  to  Trenton.  The  r.  here 
affords  good  water  power.  It  contains  3  stores, 
cap.  $9,800 ;  1  saw  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  paper  m.,  1 
button  fac,  1  sch.  65  scholars.  Pop.  405.  Here 
is  a  bridge  across  the  Delaware,  suspended  on  5 
arches,  supported  on  piers,  1,100  feet  long,  and 
36  wide. 

Morrisville,  p-v.,  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  88  n. 
by  w.  Richmond,  75  W.  It  contains  1  Baptist 
church,  1  store,  and  about  50  inhabitants. 

Morse  Creek,  p-o..  McNairy  co.,  Tenn.,  158 
s.  w.  Nashville,  834  W. 


Morsevillk,  p-o.,  Schoharie  co.,  N.  Y.,  56  w. 
Albany,  379  W. 

Mortonsville,  p-v.,  Woodford  co.,  Ky.,  19  s. 
e.  Frankfort,  541  W.  Situated  2  ms.  E.  of  the 
Kentucky  r. 

Morven,  t.,  Marion  co.,  O.  It  has  5  sch.  230 
scholars.     Pop.  980. 

Morven,  p-v.,  Anson  co.,  N.  C,  141  s.  w. 
Raleigh,  422  W. 

Morven,  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,  la.,  61  s.  e.  Indian- 
apolis, 564  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of  Flat 
Rock  cr. 

Moscow,  t.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  58  n.  Augusta. 
It  is  bounded  w.  by  Kennebec  r.,  by  a  branch  of 
which  it  is  watered.  Incorporated  in  1816.  It 
has  a  fertile  soil,  adapted  to  grain.  It  contains  6 
sch.  255  scholars.    Pop.  562. 

Moscow,  p-v.,  Leicester  t.,  Livingston  co.,  N. 
Y.,  236  w.  Albany,  353  W.  Situated  on  elevated 
ground,  1  m.  w.  of  Genesee  flats.  It  contains  3 
churches,  4  stores,  1  grist  m.,  50  dwellings,  and 
about  400  inhabitants. 

Moscow,  p-v.,  Washington  t.,  Clermont  co.,  O., 
129  s.  w.  Columbus,  490  W.  Situated  on  the  n. 
bank  of  Ohio  r. 

Moscow,  p-t.,  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  84  w.  s.  w. 
Detroit,  544  W.  It  has  a  fertile  soil,  adapted  to 
grain.  It  contains  1  store,  cap.  $6,000 ;  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $900.  2  sch.  58  scholars. 
Pop.  758. 

Moscow,  p-v.,  Hickman  co.,  Ky.,  309  s.  w.  by 
w.  Frankfort,  835  W.  Situated  on  a  branch  of 
the  Bayou  Deshe.  , 

Moscow,  p-v.,  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  194  s.  w. 
by  w.  Nashville,  879  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side 
of  Wolf  cr.,  on  the  Memphis  railroad. 

Moscow,  p-v.,  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa.  Situated 
on  Red  Cedar  r. 

Moscow,  p-v.,  Rush  co.,  la.,  54  s.  e.  Indian- 
apolis, 552  W.  Situated  on  w.  side  of  Flat 
Rock  cr. 

Moscow,  p-o.,  Marion  co.,  Ala.,  87  n.  w.  Tus- 
caloosa, 858  W. 

Moscow  Mills,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  O. 

Mosely  Hall,  p-o.,  Lenoir  co.,  N.  C,  66  w. 
Raleigh,  294  W. 

Mosquito,  county,  Flor.    (See  Leigh  Read.) 

Mossingford,  p-o.,  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  106  s. 
w.  Richmond,  193  W. 

Mossv  Creek,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn.,  212 
E.  Nashville,  472  W. 

Motier,  p-o.,  Pendleton  co.,  Ky.,  87  n.  e. 
Frankfort,  500  W. 

loosa,  923  W. 

Motts  Corners,  p-v.,  Caroline  t.,  Tompkins 
co.,  N.  Y.,  168  w.  Albany,  298  W.  It  contains 
1  store,  1  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  clothier's  works, 
1  tannery,  1  plaster  m.,  and  40  or  50  dwellings. 

Mottsviile,  p-v.,  Skeneateles  t.,  Onondaga 
co.,  N.  Y.,  149  w.  by  n.  Albany,  343  W.  Situ- 
ated on  the  outlet  of  Skeneateles  lake,  and  con- 
tains 1  church,  2  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  iron  foun- 
dry, 1  machine  shop,  50  dwellings  and  about  300 
inhabitants. 

Mottsville,  p-t.,  St.  Josephs  co.,  Mich.,  154 
w.  s.  w.  Detroit,  599  W.  The  v.  is  on  the  St. 
Joseph's  r.,  and  contains  2  stores  and  a  few  dwell- 
ings. Thore  is  in  the  t.  1  brewery.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $300.    Pop.  465. 

Moulton,  t.,  Allen  co.,  O.    Pop.  263. 

Moulton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ala., 
103  n.  Tuscaloosa,  768  W.  Situated  on  the  e. 
side  of  the  Big  Nance  cr.,  20  ms.  s.  of  the  Ten- 
nessee r.  It  has  a  court  house  and  several 
dwellings. 

Moultonborough,  p-t.,  Carroll  co.,  N.  H.,  46 


MOU 


432 


MOU 


i«  Concord,  527  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  w.  shore 
of  Winnipiseogee  lake.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous ;  soil,  in  some  parts,  fertile.  It  contains 
Squam  lake,  10  ms.  long,  and  6  broad  in  its 
widest  part,  with  many  islands,  and  much  roman- 
tic scenery,  lying  between  this  t.  and  Holder- 
ness.  Ossipee  and  Red  mountains  contain  ele- 
vated summits.  At  the  base  of  Ossipee  mt.  is  a 
mineral  spring,  impregnated  with  iron  and  sul- 
phur. In  the  t.  is  a  spring  which  furnishes  water 
sufficient  for  a  mill  stream,  and  which  lias,  nearly 
a  mile  from  its  source,  a  perpendicular  fall  of  70 
feet.  Many  aboriginal  remains  are  found.  Char- 
tered in  1763.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $5,500 ;  3 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,300.  1 
acad.  11  students,  18  sch.  714  scholars.    Pop. 

Mountain,  p-o.,  Walton  co.,  Ga.,  70  n.  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  626  W. 

Mountain,  t.,  Hot  Spring  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1 
sch.  15  scholars.    Pop.  159. 

Mountain,  t.,  Newton  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  116. 

Mountain,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Ark.  It  has  6 
stores,  cap.  $45,500 ;  2  sch.  32  scholars.  Pop. 
701. 

Mountain  Cove,  p-o.,  Fayette  co.,  Va.,  262 
w.  Richmond,  299  W. 

Mountain  Creek,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.  C,  169 
w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  406  W. 

Mountain  House,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Md., 
133  n.  w.  Annapolis,  101  W. 

Mountain  Island,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.  C, 
155  w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  400  W. 

Mountain  Ridge,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  O.,  74  s. 
s.E.Columbus,  334  W. 

Mountain  Shoals,  p-o.,  Laurens  dist.,  S.  C, 
82  n.  w.  Columbia,  505  W. 

Mountain  Spring,  p-o.,  Talladega  co.,  Ala., 
138  e.  Tuscaloosa,  769  W. 

Mountain  View,  po,  Abbeville  dist.,  S.  C, 
107  w.  Columbia,  539  W. 

Mount  Aeriel,  p-o.,  Washita  parish,  La.,  318 
N.  w.  New  Orleans,  1,208  W. 

Mount  Airy,  p-v.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  62  e.  Har 
risburg,  155  W. 

Mount  Airy,  p-o.,  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  145 
s.  w.  by  w.  Richmond,  232  W.  A  sulphur  spring 
is  found  H  m.  N.  e.  of  the  v.,  which  is  resorted  to 
for  its  valuable  mineral  properties. 

Mount  Airy,  p-v.,  Surry  co.,  N.  C,  150  w.  N 
w.  Raleigh,  331  W. 

Mount  Airy,  p-o.,  Bledsoe  co.,  Tenn.,  113  e 
s.  e.  Nashville,  602  W. 

Mount  Airy,  p-o.,  Gallatin  co.,  111.,  210  e.  s. 
e.  Springfield,  777  W. 

Mount  Airy,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  Mo.,  80  n. 
by  w.  Jefferson  City,  967  W. 

Mount  Auburn,  p-o.,  Dane  co.,  111.,  22  s.  e. 
Springfield,  772  W. 

Mount  Bethel,  p-v.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa., 
123  e.  n.  E.  Harrisburg,  216  W. 

Mount  Bethel,  p-o.,  Newberry  dist.,  S.  C, 
50  w.  n.  w.  Columbia,  494  W. 

Mount  Blanchard,  p-v.,  Delaware  t.,  Han- 
cock co.,  O.,  76  n.  w.  Columbus,  447  W 

Mount  Cambria,  p-o.,  Cambria  t.,  Niagara  co., 
N.  Y.,  283  w.  by  n.  Albany. 

Mount  Carmel,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  Va.,  200 
N.  w.  by  w.  Richmond. 

Mount  Carmel,  p-o.,  Union  t.,  Clermont  co., 
O.,  113  s.  w.  Columbus,  484  W. 

Mount  Carmel,  p-v.,  Fleming  co.,  Ky.,  96  e 
by  n.  Frankfort,  481  W.  Situated  on  n.  side  of 
Fleming  cr.  It  contains  1  Methodist  church, 
and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Mount  Carmel,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  la.,  78  e. 
s  e.  Indianapolis,  508  W. 


Mount  Carmel,  p-v.,  capital  of  Wabash  co., 
111.,  166  s.  e.  Springfield,  714  W.  Situated  on 
elevated  ground,  on  the  w.  side  of  Illinois  r.  It 
contains  a  court  house  and  jail,  of  brick,  1  Ger- 
man Reformed  and  1  Methodist  Episcopal  church, 
10  stores,  3  steam  m.,  1  ox  tread  m.,  1  iron  foun- 
dry, and  about  1,200  inhabitants. 

Mount  Carmel,  p-o.,  Cooper  co.,  Mo.,  48  w 
by  n.  Jefferson  City,  984  W. 

Mount  Carmel,  p-v.,  Covington  co.,  Miss.,  94 

s.  e.  Jackson,  1,044  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side 
of  White  Sand  cr. 

Mount  Clemens,  p-v.,  capital  of  Macomb  co., 
Mich.,  18  N.  E.  Detroit,  542  W.  Situated  on  the 
N.  bank  of  Clinton  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  8  stores,  2  steam  saw  m.,  a  large  glass  foe., 
and  a  tannery.  A  steamboat  plies  between  this 
place  and  Detroit,  and  small  vessels  come  here. 

Mount  Clinton,  p-o.,  Rockingham  co.,  Va. 

Mount  Clio,  p-o.,  Sumter  dist.,  S.  C,  76  e. 
Columbia,  486  W. 

Mount  Comfort,  p-o.,  Cabarrus  co.,  N.  C, 
146  w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  335  W. 

Mount  Comfort,  p-o.,  Fayette  co.,  Tenn., 
180  w.  s.  w.  Nashville,  865  W. 

Mount  Crawford,  p-v.,  Rockingham  co.,  Va., 
131  n.  w.  Richmond,  139  W.  Situated  on  North 
r.,  and  contains  1  church,  free  to  all  denomina- 
tions, 3  stores,  and  30  dwellings. 

Mount  Croghan,  p-o.,  Chesterfield  dist.,  S 
C,  113  n.  E.  Columbia,  444  W. 

Mount  Desert,  Island,  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  15 
ms.  long  and  12  broad.  Situated  between  French- 
man's and  Blue  Hill  bays.  It  has  a  number  of 
excellent  harbors.  It  contains  2  townships,  Eden 
and  Mount  Desert. 

Mount  Desert,  p-t.,  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  146 
E.  Augusta,  683  W.  Situated  in  the  s.  part  of 
Mount  Desert  island,  and  consists  of  a  peninsula. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  It  has  excellent  harbors,  and 
considerable  navigation,  employed  in  the  coast- 
ing trade  and  the  fisheries.  Incorporated  in  1789, 
when  it  contained  the  whole  island.  It  has  6 
stores,  cap.  $7,300  ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac, 
1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$6,000.    22  sch.  827  scholars.    Pop.  1,887. 

Mount  Eaton,  p-v.,  Paint  t,  Wayne  co.,  O., 
104  n.  e.  Columbus,  332  W. 

Mount  Eden,  p-o.,  Spencer  co.,  Ky.,  44  w.  s 
w.  Frankfort,  562  W.  Situated  on  s.  side  of  Big 
Beech  cr.  __ 

E.  Columbia,  472  W. 

Mount  Gallagher,  p-v.,  Laurens  dist.,  S.C., 
89  w.  n.  w.  Columbia,  517  W. 

Mount  Gilead,  p-t..,  Loudon  co.,  Va.,  144  n. 
Richmond,  45  W.  Situated  on  Kittoctan  moun- 
tain, presenting  an  extended  and  beautiful  pros- 
pect. It  has  3  parallel  streets  half  a  mile  long, 
intersected  by  8  other  streets  at  right  angles  with 
them.  It  contains  1  Methodist  church,  1  store, 
12  or  15  dwellings,  and  70  inhabitants.  There  is 
a  large  Baptist  church  in  the  vicinity. 

Mount  Gilead,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  N.  C, 
123  w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  397  W. 

Mount  Gilead,  p-v.,  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  91  E.  n. 
e.  Frankfort,  476  W.  It  contains  a  few  dwell- 
ings. 

Mount  Gilead,  p-v.,  Gilead  t.,  Marion  co.,  O., 
41  n.  Columbus,  400  W.  It  contains  2  churches, 
5  stores,  40  dwellings,  and  about  250  inhabitants. 
Within  5  miles  of  the  v.  are  8  saw  m.,  5  grist  m., 
and  1  carding  machine. 

Mount  Hawkins,  p-o.,  Perry  co.,  111.,  142  s. 


Springfield,  817  W. 

Mount  Hawley, 
Springfield,  794  W. 


p-o.,  Peoria  co.,  111.,  80  n. 


MOU 


433 


MOU 


Mount  Healthy,  p-v.,  Springfield  t.,  Hamil- 
ton co.,  O.,  113  s.  w.  by  w.  Columbus,  502  W. 

Mount  Hebron,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Ala.,  48  s. 
w.  Tuscaloosa,  866  W. 

Mount  Henry,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn., 
30  n.  w.  Nashville,  714  W. 

Mount  Hickory,  p-o.,  Chambers  co.,  Ala., 
174  e.  s.  E.  Tuscaloosa,  775  W. 

Mount  Hill,  p-o.,  Abbeville  dist.,  S.  C,  99 
w.  Columbia,  529  W. 

Mount  Hill,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  Ala. 

Mount  Holly,  p-t.,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  79  s. 
Montpelier,  463  W.  The  surface  is  elevated  and 
mountainous;  soil,  fertile,  adapted  to  grazing. 
Watered  by  Mill  r.,  a  branch  of  Otter  creek.  In- 
corporated in  1792.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $1,000 ; 
2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,400.  1 1 
sch.  399  scholars.     Pop.  1,356. 

Mount  Holly,  p-v.,  Northampton  t.,  capital 
of  Burlington  co.,  N.  J.,  18  s.  Trenton,  156  W. 
Situated  on  Rancocus  cr.,  at  the  head  of  tidewa- 
ter and  of  navigation.  It  has  7  streets  regularly 
laid  out,  and  contains  a  court  house  of  brick,  40 
by  60  feet,  2  stories  high,  with  a  cupola  ;  a  stone 
jail,  5  churches — I  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  1  Meth- 
odist, and  2  Friends — 1  female  academy,  a  bank, 
8  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  fulling  m.,  1  wool- 
len lac,  1  plaster  m.,  1  large  paper  m.,  and  about 
240  dwellings.  A  chartered  library  company 
was  established  here  as  early  as  1765.  At  the 
period  of  the  revolution  it,  had  200  dwellings. 

Mount  Holly,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  la.,  97  E. 
N.  E.  Indianapolis,  502  W. 

Mount  Holyoke,  Hadley,  Mass.,  3  s.  e. 
Northampton.  It  is  830  feet  above  the  level  of 
Connecticut  r. ;  and  without,  any  water  pros- 
pect, excepting  the  beautiful  windings  of  Connec- 
ticut r.,  it  presents  one  of  the  finest  views  in  the 
country. 

Mount  Holyoke,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,Tenn.,  106 
w.  by  n.  Nashville,  792  W. 

Mount  Hope,  p-t.,  Orange  co.,  N.  Y.,  11  w. 
Goshen,  112  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  276  W.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  ;  soil,  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by 
Shawangunk  cr.  The  v.  contains  2  churches,  3 
stores,  30  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 
It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $37,800 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  wool- 
len fac,  3  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  printing  of- 
fice, 1  periodical  paper,  5  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $39,400.  1  acad.  100  students,  4  sch. 
218  scholars.    Pop.  1,565. 

Mount  Hope,  bay,  R.  I.,  is  the  n.  e.  part  of 
Narraganset  bay,  and  sets  up  between  Tiverton 
and  Bristol,  a  short  distance,  into  Mass.  Taunton 
r.  flows  into  the  n.  e.  part  of  it. 

Mount  Hope,  hill,  Bristol,  R.  I.,  is  situated  on 
the  w.  shore  of  Mount  Hope  bay,  and  is  of  a  con- 
ical form,  nearly  300  feet  high.  The  prospect 
from  it  is  highly  beautiful ;  and  it  is  celebrated  as 
the  former  residence  of  King  Philip. 

Mount  Hope,  p-o.,  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.,  26  e. 
Harrisburg,  130  W. 

Mount  Hope,  p-o.,  Salt  Creek  t..  Holmes  co., 
O.  The  v.  of  Middletown,  in  which  it  is  located, 
contains  3  stores,  30  dwellings,  and  about  175  in- 
habitants. 

Mount  Hope,  p-v.,  Oldham  co.,  Ky. 

Mount  Hope,  p-o.,  Lawrence  co.,  Ala.,  115  n. 
Tuscaloosa,  780  W.     Situated  on  Town  cr. 

Mount  Hope,  p-o.,  La  Fayette  co.,  Mo.,  113 
w.  n.  w.  Jefferson  City,  1,027  W. 

Mount  Horeb,  p-o.,  Nelson  co.,  Va.,  113  w. 
by  n.  Richmond,  150  W. 

"Mount  Independence,  Orwell t.,Vt., 2s.  E.of 
old  fort  Ticonderoga.  It  has  no  great  elevation, 
but  contained  important  fortifications,  celebrated 
in  the  early  history  of  the  country. 


Mount  Israel,  p-o.,  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  93 
w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  143  W. 

Mount  Jackson,  p-v.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  239  w. 
by  n.  Harrisburg,  277  W.  Situated  on  Hickory 
cr.,  3  ms.  w.  of  Mahoning  river,  and  contains  3 
stores,  and  about  60  dwellings.  There  are  mills 
on  the  cr.,  above  and  below  the  v. 

Mount  Jackson,  p-v.,  Shenandoah  co.,  Va., 
146  n.  w.  Richmond,  117  W.  It  contains  1  Pres- 
byterian church,  1  store,  1  tannery,  and  10  dwell- 
ings. 

Mount  Jefferson,  p-o.,  Chambers  co.,  Ala., 
179  e.  s.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  774  W. 

Mount  Jefferson,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  la.,  68  n. 
n.  w.  Indianapolis,  632  W. 

Mount  Joy,  t.,  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  6  s.  Gettys- 
burg. The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  red  shale. 
Rock  cr.  flows  on  its  w.  and  Willoways  cr.  on  its 
e.  boundary.  It  has  2  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  3 
saw  m.    Pop.  1,031. 

Mount  Joy,  p-t.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  25  s.  e. 
Harrisburg,  123  W.  The  surface  is  rolling;  soil, 
calcareous  loam,  red  shale,  and  gravel.  Little 
Chiques  cr.  bounds  it  on  the  E.,  and  Conewago 
cr.  on  the  n.  w.  It  has  2  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m., 
3  saw  mills.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,700.  3  sch. 
93  scholars.     Pop.  2,375. 

Mount  Joy,  p-o.,  Union  dist.,  S.  C,  83  n.  w. 
Columbia,  455  W. 

Mount  Juliet,  p-o.,  Kanawha  co.,  Va.,  302 
w.  by  n.  Richmond,  339  W. 

Mount  Kingston,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  111., 
63  s.  Springfield,  777  W. 

Mount  Laurel,  p-o.,  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  115  s. 
w.  Richmond,  202  W. 

Mount  Lebanon,  p-o.,  Davidson  co.,  N.  C, 
126  w.  Raleigh,  334  W. 

Mount  Lebanon,  p-o.,  Spartanburg  dist.,  S. 
C,  112  n.  w.  Columbia,  485  W. 

Mount  Lebanon,  p-o.,  Claiborne  par.,  La., 
400  n.  w.  New  Orleans,  1,270  W. 

Mount  Level,  p-o.,  Dinwiddie  co.,  Va. 

Mount  Liberty,  p-v.,  Liberty  t.,  Knox  co., 
O.,  41  n.  E.  Columbus,  386  W.  It  contains  2 
stores  and  12  or  15  dwellings. 

Mount  Linneus,  p-o.,  Monongalia  co.,  Va., 
286  n.  w.  Richmond,  219  W. 

Mount  Marcy,  N.  Y.,  is  situated  in  Keene  t., 
Essex  co.,  and  is  the  highest  peak  of  the  Adiron- 
dack mountains,  being  5,467  feet  above  tidewater 
in  Hudson  r.  There  are  several  other  peaks  in 
the  vicinity,  nearly  as  high,  and  they  are  little 
inferior  in  elevation  to  the  White  mountains,  in 
N.  H. 

Mount  Meigs,  p-v.,  Montgomery  co.,  Ala., 
125  s.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  826  W. 

Mount  Meridian,  p-v.,  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  125 
w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  144  W.  It  contains  1  Meth- 
odist church,  1  store,  1  flouring  m.,  and  10  dwell- 
ings 

Mount  Meridian,  p-v.,  Putnam  co.,  la.,  36 
w.  by  s.  Indianapolis,  607  W.  Situated  on  the 
national  road. 

Mount  Moriah,  p-v.,  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  122  s. 
Tuscaloosa,  897  W. 

Mount  Morne,  p-o.,  Pike  co.,  Ga ,  86  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  705  W. 

Mount  Morris,  p-t.,  Livingston  co.,  N.  Y,  10 
s.  Genesee,  242  w.  Albany,  353  W.  The  surface 
is  varied,  having  a  high  table  land  in  the  centre  ; 
soil,  a  fertile  clay  loam.  Drained  by  Genesee  r. 
The  v.  is  half  a  mile  s.  e.  of  Genesee  r.,  and  con- 
tains 4  churches— 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1 
Baptist,  1  Methodist— 20  stores,  1  furnace,  1  pot- 
tery, 2  flouring  m.,  and  2  saw  m.  The  water 
power  is  derived  from  a  dam  across  the  Genesee 
r.,  and  a  raceway  over  half  a  mile  long.    There 


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are  in  the  t.,  21  stores,  cap.  $76,600  ;  1  furnace, 
2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  pottery,  1  printing  office, 
2  weekly  newspapers,  2  grist  m.,  4  sawm.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $53,070 ;  1  acad.  60  students,  12  sch. 
430  scholars.     Pop.  4,576. 

Mount  Morris,  p-v.,  Whately  t.,  Greene  co., 
Pa.,  228  w.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  227  W.  Situated 
on  the  s.  side  of  Dunkard's  cr.,  on  the  s.  bound- 
ary of  the  state.     It  is  a  small  v. 

Mount  Morris,  Ogle  co.,  111.,  177  n.  Spring- 
field, 837  W. 

Mount  Mourne,  p-o.,  Iredell  co.,  N.  C,  146 
w.  Raleigh,  383  W. 

Mount  Niles,  p-o.,  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala.,  90  n. 
e.  Tuscaloosa,  727  W. 

Mount  Olympus,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  Miss.,  17 
N.  Jackson,  1,027  W. 

Mount  Pinson,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Ala.,  68  n. 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  766  W. 

Mount  Pinson,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  Tenn.,  146 
w.  s.  w.  Nashville,  831  W. 

Mount  Pisgah,  p-o.,  Iredell  co.,  N.  C,  168  w. 
Raleigh,  379  W. 

Mount  Pleasant,  t.,  Westchester  co.,  N.  Y., 
6  n.  White  Plains,  125  s.  Albany.  The  surface 
is  chiefly  hilly  ;  soil,  fertile,  and  well  cultivated. 
Marble,  of  a  good  quality,  is  found  here.  It  con- 
tains the  v.  of  Sing  Sing,  which  see.  There  are 
in  the  t.  4  acad.,  195  students.    Pop.  7,367. 

Mount  Pleasant,  p-v.,  Alexandria  t.,  Hunter- 
don co.,  N.  J.,  33  n.  by  w.  Trenton,  195  W.  Sit- 
uated on  Hakehokake  cr.,  and  contains  a  church, 
a  store,  a  grist  m.,  and  10  or  12  dwellings. 

Mount  Pleasant,  b.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2 
tanneries,  1  flouring  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$8,240.    2  sch.  117  scholars.    Pop.  554. 

Mount  Pleasant,  t..  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  17  e. 
Gettysburg.  The  surface  is  level  ;  soil,  red 
shale.  A  branch  of  Conewago  cr.  flows  on  its  e. 
boundary.  Watered  by  Plum  run,  and  White 
run,  tributaries  of  Rock  cr.,  and  Swift  and  Bush 
runs,  which  flow  into  Conewago  cr.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $7,000  ;  1  distillery,  1  pottery,  3  flour- 
ing m.,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$15,800.     9  sch.  360  scholars.    Pop.  1,588. 

Mount  Pleasant,  p-t.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa., 
170  w.  Harrisburg,  196  W.  The  surface  is  gently 
uneven ;  soil,  loam  and  gravel.  Drained  by  Big 
Sewickly  and  Jacob's  creeks.  The  v.  contains 
1  Baptist  and  1  Methodist  church,  2  tanneries,  1 
flouring  m.,  2  sch.  117  scholars.  Pop.  554.  In- 
corporated in  1328.  The  t.  has  10  stores,  cap. 
$39,500;  4  tanneries,  13  distilleries,  1  flouring  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,680.  5  sch.  120  scholars. 
Pop.  2,123. 

Mount  Pleasant,  t,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.  It 
has  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,375 
3  sch.     Pop.  609. 

Mount  Pleasant,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  Pa.  Drained 
by  the  head  branches  of  Lackawaxen,  Dyberry 
and  Great  Equinunk  creeks.  It  has  11  sch.  190 
scholars.     Pop.  1,359. 

Mount  Pleasant,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.  It 
has  4  stores,  cap.  $7,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  flouring 
m.,  I  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,800. 
1  acad.  11  students,  9  sch.  300  scholars.  Pop. 
1,203. 

Mount  Pleasant,  p-v.,  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  81 
N  w.  Annapolis,  49  W. 

Mount  Pleasant,  p-v.,  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va., 
64  n.  Richmond,  73  W. 

Mount  Pleasant,  p-o.,  Newton  co.,  Ga.,  64  n. 
w.  Milledgeville,  646  W. 

Mount  Pleasant,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Ala.,  156 
8.  Tuscaloosa,  948  W.  Situated  on  a  small  stream 
3  ms.  e.  of  the  Alabama  r. 
Mount  Pleasant,  p-t.,  Jefferson  co.,  O.,  131 


e.  by  n.  Columbus,  277  W.  The  v.  contains  3 
churches — 1  Associate  Reformed,  1  Methodist, 
and  1  Friends,  all  of  brick — a  bank,  a  market 
house,  several  stores,  a  printing  office,  120  dwell- 
ings, and  about  700  inhabitants.  A  large  num- 
ber of  mills  and  manufactories  exist  in  the  vicini- 
ty, mostly  on  Short  creek.  The  t.  has  10  stores, 
cap.  $22,600 ;  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  1  bind- 
ery, 3  flouring  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$45,000.  1  acad.  140  students,  3  sch.  250  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,676. 

Mount  Pleasant,  p-v.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich., 
41  n.  w.  Detroit,  565  W. 

Mount  Pleasant,  v.,  Cabarrus  co.,  N.  C.  It 
contains  about  60  inhabitants. 

Mount  Pleasant,  p-v.,  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  53 
s.  s.  w.  Nashville,  730  W. 

Mount  Pleasant,  p-v.,  capital  of  Harlan  co., 
Ky.,  165  s.  e.  Frankfort,  473  W.  Situated  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  Clover  fork  of  Cumberland  r.,  near 
its  junction  with  Martin's  fork.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  and  clerk's  office,  and  a  few 
dwellings. 

Mount  Pleasant,  p-v.,  capital  of  Martin  co., 
la.,  106  s.  s.  w.  Indianapolis,  653  W.  Situated 
on  the  w.  side  of  e.  fork  of  White  r.  It  has  a 
court  house,  jail,  several  stores,  and  about  30 
dwellings. 

Mount  Pleasant,  p-o.,  Union  co.,  111.,  209  s. 
Springfield,  819  W. 

Mount  Pleasant,  p-o.,  Wilkinson  co.,  Miss., 
122  s.  s.  w.  Jackson,  1,122  W. 

Mount  Pleasant,  t.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Mo.  It 
has  3  sch.  70  scholars.     Pop.  694. 

Mount  Pleasant,  p-t.,  Barry  co.,  Mo.,  212  s. 
w.  Jefferson  City,  1,123  W.  It  has  1  school  18 
scholars.     Pop.  519. 

Mount  Pleasant,  p-v.,  capital  of  Henry  co., 
Iowa.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of  Big  cr.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  of  brick,  in  the  centre  of  a 
public  square,  100  dwellings,  and  about  4C0  in 


habitants.  It  is  on  a  high  prairie  roll,  and  its 
situation  is  healthful  and  pleasant.  It  was  laid 
out  in  1836. 

Mount  Pleasant,  p-o.,  Racine  co.,  Wis.,  106 
E.  s.  e.  Madison,  786  W.  Situated  about  8  miles 
w.  of  Lake  Michigan. 

Mount  Pleasant  Mills,  p-o.,  Perry  t.,  Union 
co.,  Pa.,  61  n.  Harrisburg,  164  W. 

Mount  Pocono,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  124  N. 
E.  by  E.  Harrisburg,  220  W. 

Mount  Prospect,  p-o.,  Obion  co.,  Tenn.,  140 
w.  by  n.  Nashville,  826  W. 

Mount  Prospect,  p-o.,  Crawford  co.,  la.,  106 
s.  by  w.  Indianapolis,  637  W. 

Mount  Pulaski,  p-o.,  Sangamon  co.,  111.,  27 
E.  Springfield,  787  W. 

Mount  Republic,  p-v.,  Canaan  t.,  Wayne  co., 
Pa.,  171  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  265  W. 

Mount  Reserve,  p-o.,  Bedford  co.,  Tenn.,  68 
s.  Nashville,  672  W. 

Mount  Rock,  p-o.,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  22  s. 
w.  Harrisburg,  110  W. 

Mount  Seen,  p-o.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.  C, 
166  w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  405  W. 

Mount  Sidney,  p-v.,  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  127  w. 
n.  w.  Richmond,  145  W.  It  contains  1  church, 
free  to  all  denominations,  1  academy,  3  stores, 
35  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Mount  Sinai,  p-o.,  Suffolk  co.,  N.  Y.,  205  s. 
s.  e.  Albany,  235  W. 

Mount  Seward,  mts.,  N.  Y.,  is  the  name 
given  to  a  lofty  group  of  the  Adirondack  moun- 
tains, in  the  s.  e.  part  of  Franklin  co.,  elevated 
4,000  feet  above  the  ocean. 

Mount  Solon,  p-o.,  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  139  w. 
n.  w.  Richmond,  146  W. 


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Mount  Sterling,  p-v.,  Pleasant  t.,  Madison 
co.,  O.,  32  w.  Columbus,  421  W. 

Mount  Sterling,  v.,  Muskingum  co.,  O. 
Pop.  177. 

Mount  Sterling,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Mont- 
gomery co.,  Ky.,  59  e.  Frankfort,  514  W.  Situ- 
ated on  a  small  branch  of  the  south  fork  of  Lick- 
ing r.,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  10  stores, 
and  585  inhabitants. 

Mount  Sterling,  p-v.,  capital  of  Brown  co., 
111.,  77  w.  by  N.  Springfield,  854  W.  Situated  on 
a  small  branch  of  Crooked  creek,  and  contains  a 
court  house,  and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Mount  Sterling,  t,  Pettis  co.,  Mo.  Pop. 
1,246. 

Mount  Sterling,  p-v.v  Washington  co.,  Ala., 
109  s.  s.  w.  Tuscaloosa,  927  W.  Situated  on  the 
n.  side  of  Shuckeba  cr. 

Mount  Tabor,  t.,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  36  n.  e. 
Bennington.  It  is  a  mountainous  t.  in  the  Green 
mountain  range,  but  has  some  soil  adapted  to 
grazing.  Otter  creek  r.  rises  here.  It  has  5  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,450.  3  sch.  59  scholars 
Pop.  227. 

Mount  Tabor,  p-v.,  Union  dist.,  S.  C,  76  n 
w.  Columbia,  452  W. 

Mount  Tabor,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  la.,  45  s.  s 
w.  Indianapolis,  616  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side 
of  Bean  Blossom  creek.  It  has  2  flouring  m.  and 
several  neat  dwellings. 

Mount  Tirzah,  p-o.,  Person  co.,  N.  C,  44  n. 
n.  w.  Raleigh,  260  W. 

Mount  Tom,  Mass.,  a  little  w.  of  Connecti- 
cut r.,  near  Northampton.  It  belongs  to  a  range 
which  extends  into  Connecticut,  and  terminates 
near  New  Haven. 

Mount  Union,  p-o.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa. 

Mount  Union,  p-v.,  Stark  co.,  O.,  138  n.  e. 
Columbus,  304  W. 

Mount  Upton,  p-v.,  Guilford  t.,  Chenango  co. 
N.  Y.,  99  w.  Albany,  331  W.  Situated  on  the 
w.  side  of  Unadilla  r.,  and  contains  1  Episcopal 
church,  3  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  30  dwell- 
ings, and  about  225  inhabitants. 

Mount  Vernon,  p-t.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  15 
N.  w.  Augusta,  609  W.  There  are  several  large 
and  pleasant  ponds  in  the  t.  The  soil  is  very 
fertile.  Incorporated  in  1792.  It  has  6  stores, 
cap.  $8,250 ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,795.  608  scholars  in  schools. 
Pop.  1,475. 

Mount  Vernon,  p-t.,  Hillsboro'  co.,  N.  H.,  32 
g.  s.  w.  Concord,  366  W.  Drained  by  a  branch 
of  Souhegan  r.  The  surface  is  elevated.  Or- 
ganized from  Amherst  in  1803.  It  has  one  store, 
cap.  $3,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $16,285.  4  sch.  210  scholars.  Pop.720. 

Mount  Vernon,  p-o.,  Providence  co.,  R.  I., 
17  w.  Providence,  383  W. 

Mount  Vernon,  p-v.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  72 
K.  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  101  W. 

Mount  Vernon,  Va.,  the  former  residence  of 
Gen.  Washington,  on  the  w.  bank  of  the  Potomac, 
6  ms.  below  Alexandria.  It  contains  the  mansion 
and  the  tomb  of  the  Father  of  his  country  ;  and 
many  a  citizen  and  traveller  has  made  a  pilgrim- 
age to  this  hallowed  spot. 

Mount  Vernon,  p-o.,  Rowan  co.,  N.  C,  132 
w.  Raleigh,  366  W. 

Mount  Vernon,  p-v.,  capital  of  Montgomery 
co.,  Ga.,  112  s.  e.  by  s.  Mi  Hedge  ville,  723  W.  It 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a  store,  and  a  few 
dwellings. 

Mount  Vernon,  p-v.,  Mobile  co.,  Ala.,  184  s. 
by  w.  Tuscaloosa,  996  W.  Situated  3  ms.  w.  of 
the  Mobile  r.  It  contains  an  arsenal,  and  several 
neat  dwellings. 


Mount  Vernon,  p-v.,  capital  of  St.  Francis 
co.,  Ark.  Situated  3  ms.  west  of  St.  Francis  v., 
and  contains  a  court  house,  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Mount  Vernon,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Term.,  170 
E.  s.  e.  Nashville,  547  W. 

Mount  Vernon,  p-v.,  capital  of  Rock  Castle 
co.,  Ky.,  75  s.  s.  e.  Frankfort,  563  W.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house  and  several  stores  and  dwell- 
ings. 

Mount  Vernon,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Knox  co., 
O.,  51  n.  E.  Columbus,  376  W.  Situated  on  Ver- 
non r.,  or  Owl  cr.  It  contains  a  fine  court  house, 
jail,  4  churches — 2  Presbyterian,  (1  old  and  1 
new  school,)  1  Episcopal,  a  fine  Gothic  structure, 
and  1  Protestant  Methodist — 20  stores,  3  flouring 
ra.,  2  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  250  dwell- 
ings, and  2,362  inhabitants. 

Mount  Vernon,  p-v.,  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  32 
n.  Detroit,  551  W. 

Mount  Vernon,  p-v.,  capital  of  Posey  co.,  la., 
188  s.  w.  by  s.  Indianapolis,  749  W.  It  is  situated 
on  a  high  bank,  on  a  n.  bend  in  the  Ohio  r.,  and 
commands  a  view  of  the  r.  for  16  ms.  It  contains 
a  court  house,  jail,  15  or  20  stores,  a  steam  flour- 
ing and  saw  m.,  and  about  900  inhabitants. 

Mount  Vernon,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jefferson  co., 
111.,  129  s.  s.  e.  Springfield,  794  W.  It  contains 
a  court  house,  jail,  3  churches — 1  Episcopal,  1 
Baptist,  and  1  Methodist — 9  stores,  and  about 
200  inhabitants. 

Mount  Vernon,  p-v.,  Dade  co.,  Mo. 

Mount  Vernon  Village,  p-v.,  Mount  Vernon 
t.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  17  n.  w.  Augusta,  612  W. 

Mountville,  p-v.,  Loudon  co.,  Va.,  139  n. 
Richmond,  50  W.  It  contains  one  store,  and 
about  80  inhabitants. 

Mountville,  p-v.,  Laurens  dist.,  S.  C,  74  N. 
w.  Columbia,  512  W. 

Mountville,  p-v.,  Troup  co.,  Ga.,  112  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  731  W 

Mount  Vision,  p-v.,  Laurens t., Otsego  co, N. 
Y.,  79  w.  Albany,  362  W.  It  contains  1  grist  m., 
1  saw  ra.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  Methodist  church,  and 
20  dwellings. 

Mount  Vista,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,  Tenn.,  102  w. 
by  n.  Nashville,  780  W. 

Mount  Washington,  t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass. 
Situated  in  the  s.  w.  corner  of  the  state.  The 
surface  is  elevated  and  mountainous,  being  on 
the  Taghkanic  range,  the  principal  summit  of 
which  is  in  this  t.,  and  is  3,000  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea.  Some  of  the  soil  is  adapted  to 
grazing.  A  branch  of  Ancram  cr.  rises  here. 
Incorporated  in  1779.  It  has  1  fulling  m.,  1  forge, 
1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  3  sch.  140  scholars.  Pop. 
438. 

Mount  Washington,  p-o.,  Urbanna  t.,  Steu- 
ben co.,  N.  Y.,  212  w.  by  s.  Albany,  312  W. 

MountWashington,  p-v.,Washmgton  co.,Ga., 
38  e.  s.  e.  Miiledgeville,  656  W. 

Mount  Washington,  p-v.,  Bullitt  co.,  Ky.,  59 
w.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  601  W.  Situated  2  ms.  n.  e. 
of  Salt  r.,  on  the  turnpike  from  Louisville  to 
Bardstown,  18  ms.  from  each,  and  contains  1 
Baptist  and  1  Methodist  church,  and  about  300 
inhabitants. 

Mount  Washington,  p-o.,  Copiah  co.,  Miss., 
43  s.  s.  w.  Jackson,  1,058  W.  Situated  on  a 
branch  of  Bayou  Pierre  r. 

Mount  Willing,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C,  53 
N.  w.  Raleigh,  287  W. 

Mount  Willing,  p-v.,  Edgefield  dist.,  S.  C., 
41  w.  Columbia,  527  W.  Situated  on  a  branch 
of  Little  Saluda  r. 

Mount  Willing,  p-v.,  Lowndes  co.,  Ala.,  120 
s.  s.  E.  Tuscaloosa,  869  W.  Situated  on  Ce- 
dar cr. 


MUH 


436 


MUN 


Mount  Yonah,  p-o.,  Habersham  co.,  Ga.,  154 
N.  Milledgeville,  620  W 

Mount  Zion,  p-o.,  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.,  30  e. 
Harrisburg,  140  W. 

Mount  Zion,  p-o.,  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  118  w. 
by  s.  Richmond,  208  W. 

Mount  Zion,  p-o.,  Spartanburg  dist.,  S.  C,  106 
N.  w.  Columbia,  480  W. 

Mount  Zion,  p-v.,  Hancock  co.,  Ga.,  30  n.  e. 
Milledgeville,  654  W.  It  contains  3  churches— 
1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist— an 
academy,  and  18  or  20  dwellings. 

Mount  Zion,  p-o.,  DeKalb  co.,  Ala.,  126  n.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  691  W. 

Mount  Zion,  p-o.,  Union  co.,  Ky.,  225  w.  by 
s.  Frankfort,  752  W. 

Mount  Zion,  p-o.,  Marion  co.,  111.,  117  s.  s.  e. 
Springfield,  769  W. 

Moureytown,  p-v.,  White  Oak  t..  Highland 
co.,  O.,  87  s.  w.  Columbus,  454  W. 

Mouth  of  Miller's  Creek,  p-o.,  Estill  co., 
Ky. 

Mouth  of  Posa,  p-o.,  Kanawha  co.,  Va.,  329 
w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  366  W. 

Mouth  of  Sandy,  p-o.,  Henry  ct  Tenn.,  91 
w.  by  n.  Nashville,  769  W. 

Mouth  of  Wilson,  p-o.,  Grayson  co.,  Va..291 
w.  s.  w.  Richmond,  356  W. 

Mouth  of  Yellow  Creek,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co., 
O.,  149  e.  by  n.  Columbus,  275  W. 

Moyamensing,  t.,  Philadelphia  co.,  Pa.  It  has 
127  stores,  cap.  $85,225  ;  1  cotton  fac,  1  brewery. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $102,330.  2  acad.  745  students 
14  sch.  2,156  scholars.  Pop.  14,573.  (See  Phila- 
delphia.) 

Muchinippe,  p-o.,  Logan  co.,  O.,  84  n.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 469  W. 

Muckwonago,  p-o.,  Milwaukee  co.,  Wis.,  79 
E.  Madison,  806  W. 

Mud  Creek,  p-o.,  Bath  t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y., 
221  w.  by.  s.  Albany,  293  W. 
Mud  Ckeek,  p-o.,  Henderson  co.,  N.  C. 
Mud  Creek,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  Ark. 
Muddy  Creek,  t.,  Butler  co.,  Pa.    It  has  5 
stores,  cap.  $34,500 ;  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  7  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,745.  13  sch.  504  scholars. 
Pop.  1,998. 

Muddy  Creek,  p-o.,  Preston  co.,  Va.,  275  n. 
w.  Richmond,  197  W. 
Muddy  Creek  Forks,  p-o.,  York  co.,  Pa. 
Muddy  Fork,  p-o.,  Cleveland  co.,  N.  C,  194 
w.  by  s.  Nashville,  439  W. 

Muddy  Lane,  p-o.,  MacDonough  co.,  111.,  98 
N.  w.  Springfield. 

Muddy,  r.,  Ky.,  rises  in  Todd  and  Logan  coun- 
ties, and  flowing  n.,  forms  the  boundary  between 
Butler  and  Muhlenburg  counties,  and  enters 
Green  r. 

Mud  Lick,  p-o.,  Chatham  co.,  N  C,  60  w 
Raleigh,  314  W. 

Muhlenburg,  county,  Ky.  Situated  centrally 
in  the  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  490  sq. 
ms.  Green  r.  flows  on  its  n.  e.  boundary,  by 
branches  of  which  it  is  watered.  Capital,  Green- 
ville. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,866, 
sheep  7,946,  swine  32,959 ;  wheat  34,960  bush, 
produced,  Ind.com  351,936,  oats  37,731,  potatoes 
9,396,  tobacco  286,747  pounds ;  1  furnace ;  15 
stores,  cap.  $82,500 ;  5  tanneries,  10  distilleries, 
7  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$7,530.  4  sch.  98  scholars.  Pop.  whites  5,755, 
slaves  1,196,  free  col'd  13;  total,  6,964. 

Muhlenburg,  p-o.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  112  n. 
E.  Harrisburg,  223  W. 

Muhlenburg,  t.,  Pickaway  co.,  O.,  12  n.  w. 
Circleville.  It  contains  the  v.  of  Darbyville. 
It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $5,000 ;  3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 


Cap.  in   manufac.   $1,400.     1   sch.  35  scholars. 
Pop.  653. 

Mulberry,  r.,  Ala.,  a  n.  w.  and  main  branch 
of  Tuscaloosa  or  Black  Warrior  r.,  which  it  forms 
by  uniting  with  Locust  Fork,  on  the  w.  border 
of  Jefferson  co. 

Mulberry,  p-o.,  Miami  t.,  Clermont  co.,  O., 
108  s.  w.  Columbus,  480  W. 

Mulberry,  p-o.,  Wilkes  co.,  N.  C,  193  w.  by 
n.  Raleigh,  383  W. 

Mulberry,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Ga.,  164  n.  by 
w.  Milledgeville,  645  W. 

Mulberry,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  Ark.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $13,000 ;  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,400.  2  sch.  55  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  614. 

Mulberry,  t.,  Johnson  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1 
powder  m.,  1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $700. 
Pop.  242. 

Mulberry,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  86  s. 
Nashville,  709  W. 

Mulberry  Creek,  p-o.,  Autauga  co.,  Ala., 
101  s.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  862  W. 

Mulberry  Gap,  p-o.,  Claiborne  co.,  Tenn., 
242  e.  by  N.  Nashville. 

Mulberry  Grove,  p-o.,  Harris  co.,  Ga.,  139 
w.  by  s.  Milledgeville,  778  W. 

Mulberry  Grove,  p-o.,  Hopkins  co.,  Ky.,  206 
w.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  748  W. 

Mulberry  Grove,  p-o.,  Bond  co.,  HI.,  82  s. 
Springfield,  750  W. 

Mull  Grove,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.  C,  188  w. 
by  s.  Raleigh,  425  W. 

Mullico  Hill,  p-v.,  Gloucester  co.,  N.  J.,  45 
s.  Trenton,  156  W.  Situated  on  Racoon  cr.  It 
contains  an  Episcopal  and  a  Friends  church,  2 
stores,  and  about  70  dwellings. 

Mullica,  t.,  Atlantic  co.,  N.  J.  It  has  10 
stores,  cap.  $16,900;  1  furnace,  3  grist  m.,  7  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $19,300.  5  sch.  296  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  1,056. 

Mullicas,  r.,  N.  J.,  enters  the  Atlantic  through 
New  Inlet,  4  ms.  e.  of  Leeds.  It  is  navigable  for 
vessels  of  60  tons  for  20  ms.  It  forms  the  boun- 
dary between  Burlington  and  Atlantic  counties. 
Multona  Springs,  a  watering  place,  Attala 
co.,  Miss.,  13  N.  Kosciusko.  The  waters  contain 
valuable  medicinal  properties.  It  has  1  store,  an 
academy,  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Multicaulisville,  p-o.,  Perry  co.,  «Pa.,  43 
w.  Harrisburg,  131  W. 

Mumfords  Mills,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  R.  I., 
46  Providence,  386  W. 

Muncy,  p-b.,  Muncy  Creek  t.,  Lycoming  co., 
Pa.,  85  n.  Harrisburg,  195  W.  Situated  a  mile 
e.  of  the  Susquehanna  r.,  and  1  m.  s.  of  Muncy 
cr.  It  contains  4  churches— 1  Pres.,  1  Bap.,  1 
Episcopal,  1  Methodist  ;  9  stores,  cap.  $45,500 ; 
8  lumber  yards,  1  furnace,  1  tannery,  2  distille- 
ries, 1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $17,393.  2  sch.  80  scholars.  Pop. 
662. 

Muncy,  t.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  13  n.  e.  Williams- 
port.  The  surface  is  mountainous  ;  soil,  various. 
Muncy  cr.  runs  on  its  e.,  and  Loyalsock  cr.  on 
its  w.  border.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $4,000 ;  2  tan- 
neries, 2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$7,600.    6  sch.  360  scholars.     Pop.  912. 

Muncy  Creek,  t.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  13  s.  e. 
Williamsport.  The  surface  is  hilly;  soil,  clay. 
Drained  by  Big  and  Little  Muncy  creeks,  which 
flow  into  the  w.  branch  of  Susquehanna  r.  It 
has  2  stores,  cap.  $8,000;  1  lumber  yard,  cap. 
$1,000;  2  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  3 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manulac.  $2J,300.  7 
sch.  210  scholars.  Pop.  1,166. 
Muncytown,  p-v.,  capital  of  Delaware  co., 


MUR 


43' 


MUS 


la.,  5S  n.  E.  Indianapolis,  529  W.  Situated  on 
the  s.  bank  of  White  r.,  on  an  elevation  of  30 
feet  above  the  r.  It  is  laid  out  in  an  oblong,  4 
principal  streets  being  60  feet  wide,  the  others  45, 
crossing  each  other  at  right  angles.  It  contains 
3  stores,  1  saw  m.,  with  a  good  water  power,  and 
about  400  inhabitants. 

MuNUYrt.,  Genesee  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  440. 

Munfordsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Hart  co.,  Ky., 
Ills.  w.  Frankfort,  635  W.  Situated  on  the  n. 
bank  of  Green  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
several  stores,  and  274  inhabitants. 

Hunger's  Mill,  p-o.,  Shannon  co.,  Mo.,  129  s. 
s.  e.  Jefferson  City,  903  W. 

Munson,  p-t.,  Geauga  co.,  O.,  166  n.  E.Colum- 
bus, 310  W.  It  has  5  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.,  7  sch. 
301  scholars.     Pop.  1,263. 

Munster,  p-v.,  Alleghany  t.,  Cambria  co.,  Pa., 
133  w.  by  n.  Harrisburg,  177  W.  It  contains  2 
stores,  25  dwellings,  and  about  150  inhabitants. 

Murchison's  Mills,  p-o.,  Cumberland  co., 
IN.  C.,  74  s.  Raleigh,  362  W. 

Murder  Kill,  hundred,  Kent  co.,  Del.  It 
has  21  stores,  cap.  $37,750 ;  1  tannery,  8  grist  m., 
5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,850.  13  sch. 
899  scholdrs.     Pop.  4,768. 

Murdocksville,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Pa., 
230  w.  Harrisburg,  255  W. 

Murfreesborough,  p-v.,  Hertford  co.,  N.  C, 
142  e.  n.  e.  Raleigh,  214  W.  Situated  on  s.  side 
of  Chowan  r.  It  contains  a  Presbyterian  church, 
and  an  academy. 

Murfreesborough,  p-v.,  capital  of  Ruther- 
ford co.,  Tenn!,  34  s.  E.  Nashville,  665  W.  Situ- 
ated  on  a  branch  of  Stone  cr.,  on  a  commanding 
eminence,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a 
market  house,  a  Presbyterian  church,  an  acade- 
my, a  printing  office,  about  200  dwellings,  and 
1,500  inhabitants.  It  was  formerly  the  capital 
of  the  state.  The  public  buildings,  and  many  of 
the  dwellings,  are  neatly  built  of  brick.  The 
country  around  is  highly  fertile. 

Murphy,  p-v.,  capital  of  Cherokee  co.,  N.  C, 
367  w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  597  W.  Situated  at  the 
junction  of  Hiawassee  and  Valley  rivers.  It 
contains  a  court  house,  and  other  county  build- 
ings. 

Murphie's  Valley,  p-o.,  Blount  co.,  Ala.,  115 
N.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  733  W. 

Murpheysville,  p-o.,  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  73  e. 
n.  e.  Frankfort,  469  W. 

Murray,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  650  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Oostanaulau  r.  and  its  branches.  Surface 
mountainous,  soil  fertile.  Capital,  Spring  Place. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,538,  sheep  1,156, 
swine  12,899;  wheat  10,568  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  174,790,  oats  10,654,  potatoes  5,450,  tobacco 
1,187  pounds,  cotton  9,875 ;  9  stores,  cap.  $12,000 ; 
3  tanneries,  5  distilleries,  8  grist  m.,  8  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $19,000.  18  sch.  318  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  3,8%,  slaves  798,  free  col'd  1 ;  total, 
4,695. 

Murray,  p-t.,  Orleans  co.,  N.  Y.,  243  w.  by  n. 
Albany,  392  W.  The  surface  is  chiefly  level ; 
soil,  fertile.  Drained  by  Sandy  cr.,  which  flows 
N.  E.  into  Lake  Ontario.  It  has  12  stores,  cap. 
$33,300 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  furnace, 
3  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $20,750. 
2  acad.  70  students,  16  sch.  828  scholars.  Pod 
2,675. 

Murray,  p-v.,  Wells  co.,  la.,  Ill  n.  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 553  W. 

Murray's  Mills,  p-v.,  Dearborn  co.,  la.,  99  s. 
E.  Indianapolis,  531  W. 

Murraysville,  p-v.,  Franklin  t.,  Westmore- 
land co.,  Pa.,  181  w.  Harrisburg,  207  W.    It  con- 


tains 1  Associate  Reformed  church,  2  stores,  1 
grist  in.,  and  1  woollen  fac. 

Murraysville,  p-v.,  Hall  co.,  Ga.,  130  n.  n. 
w.  Milledgeville,  633  \V. 

Murraysville,  p-o.,  Carlisle  t.,  Lorain  co.,  O., 
114  n.  n.  E.  Columbus,  377  W. 

Murrill's  Shop,  p-o.,  Nelson  co.,  Va.,  97  w. 
by  n.  Richmond,  152  W. 

Murrinsville,  p-o.,  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  210  w. 
by  n.  Harrisburg,  265  W. 

Muscatine,  county,  Iowa.  Situated  near  the 
centre  of  the  ter.,  having  the  Mississippi  r.  on  its 
s.  E.  border,  and  contains  440  sq.  ms.  Watered 
by  Red  Cedar  r.  and  its  branches,  and  Pine  cr., 
which  affords  water  power,  and  a  good  harbor 
for  steamboats  at  its  mouth.  The  soil  is  fertile, 
particularly  on  the  Mississippi  and  Wapsino- 
nock  cr.,  a  branch  of  Cedar  r.  Muscatine  Slue 
forms  a  large  and  fertile  alluvial  island,  on  the 
borders  of  the  Mississippi  r.  Capital,  Blooming- 
ton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  1,547,  sheep 
422,  swine  4,820 ;  wheat  5,693  bush,  produced, 
Ind.  corn  44,345,  oats  8,860,  potatoes  8,647;  15 
stores,  cap.  $4,285 ;  1  pottery,  3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,300.  4  sch.  68  scholars. 
Pop.  1,942. 

Muscatine,  p-v.,  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa.  Situ- 
ated on  the  w.  side  of  Muscatine  Slue. 

Muscogee,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  w. 
|  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  410  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
i  ed  by  Upotoi  cr.  and  its  branches,  tributaries  of 
i  Chattahoochee  r.,  which  runs  on  its  w.  border. 
Capital,  Columbus.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  9,946,  sheep  1,807,  swine  19,828;  wheat 
i  13,386  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  251,420,  oats 
! 6,605,  potatoes  7,981,  cotton  1,186,990  pounds; 
6  commission  houses,  $80,000 ;  106  stores,  cap. 
I  $473,000  ;  1  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  1,600  sp., 
18  grist  m.,  18  saw  m.,  3  printing  offices,  1  bind- 
ery, 3  weekly  and  1  periodical  newspapers.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $182,400.  3  acad.  60  students,  12 
sch.  304  scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,939,  slaves 
4,701,  free  col'd  59;  total,  11,699. 

Muscle  Ridge  Island,  t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me. 
It  has  1  sch.  27  scholars.    Pop.  51. 

Muse's  Bottom,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Va.,  361  n. 
n.  w.  Richmond,  329  W. 

Mush  Creek,  p-o.,  Greenville  dist.,  S.  C,  133 
N.  w.  Columbia,  518  W. 

Muskego,  t.,  Milwaukee  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  130. 

Muskegat,  island,  Mass.,  a  small  island  be- 
tween Nantucket  and  Martha's  Vineyard,  in  the 
form  of  a  horse-shoe. 

Muskingum,  r.,  O.,  one  of  the  largest  rivers 
which  runs  wholly  in  the  state,  is  formed  by  2 
main  branches,  Tuscarawas  and  White  Woman's 
rivers,  which  unite  at  Coshocton.  The  Tuscara- 
was rises  in  Medina  co.,  near  the  Cuyahoga  r., 
and  a  portage  between  them  formerly  gave  name 
to  Portage  t.  and  co.  The  Muskingum  is  naviga- 
ble for  large  batteaux,  100  ms.,  to  Coshocton.  It 
is  obstructed  by  falls  at  Zanesville,  where  is  a 
canal,  with  a  dam  and  locks,  affording  a  great 
water  power.  There  is  a  slack  water  naviga- 
tion from  Zanesville  to  Dresden,  where  a  side 
cut  2s  ms.  connects  the  Muskingum  r.  with  the 
Ohio  canal.  The  r.  enters  the  Ohio  at  Marietta, 
by  a  mouth  225  yards  wide. 

Muskingum,  county,  O.  Situated  toward  the 
s.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  665  sq.  miles. 
Organized  in  1804.  Drained  by  Muskingum  r. 
and  its  branches,  the  principal  of  which  is  Licking 
r.  It  abounds  with  bituminous  coal,  and  has  pipe 
clay  and  burr-stone,  or  cellular  quartz,  suitable 
for  millstones.  There  are  about  30  salt  works  in 
the  co.  The  brine  is  obtained  by  boring  into  a 
stratum  of  whitish  sandstone,  (called  salt  rock,) 


NAN 


438 


NAN 


at  a  depth  of  from  350  to  700  feel.  The  ancient 
mounds  are  numerous.  Capital,  Zanesville. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  20,934,  sheep 
37,173,  swine  51,859;  wheat  366,929  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  3,599,  Indian  corn  623,877,  buckwheat 
24,979,  barley  2,098,  oats  196,408,  potatoes  113,149, 
tobacco  38,529  pounds,  sugar  21,824;  50  commis- 
sion houses,  capital  $143,350;  G6  stores,  capital 
$120,725,  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $200;  3  fulling 
m.,  2  woollen  fac,  8  tanneries,  9  distilleries,  5 
breweries,  22  potteries,  22  flouring  m.,  27  grist 
m.,  72  saw  m.,  1  paper  fac,  6  printing  offices,  1 
bindery,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $338,898 ;  1  college,  40  students,  4  acad.  218 
students,  148  sch.  5,925  scholars.     Pop.  33,749. 

Muskingum,  p-t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.,  61  e. 
Columbus,  346  W.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  salt 
fac.     7  sch.  228  scholars.     Pop.  1,252. 

Muskrat  Springs,  p-o.,  Bradley  co.,  Tenn. 

Myer's,  p-o.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  196  w.  N.  w. 
Harrisburg,  284  W. 


Mystic,  p-v.,  Stonington  t.,  New  London  co., 
Ct.,  52  s.  E.  Hartford,  362  W.  It  is  situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  Mystic  r.,  and  connected  by  a  toll- 
bridge  with  Portersville,  on  the  opposite  side  of 
the  river. 

Mystic  Bridge,  p-v.,  Grotun  t.,  New  London 
co.,  Ct.,  56  s.  E.  Hartford,  363  W.  Situated  on 
the  w.  side  of  Mystic  r.,  in  a  v.  called  Porters- 
ville, which  is  connected  with  Mystic  v.  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  r.,  by  a  toll-bridge.  The 
united  villages  are  on  Mystic  r.,  2  ms.  from  its 
mouth,  and  contain  10  stores,  about  150  dwell- 
ings, and  a  mariners'  church,  in  Portersville,  free 
to  all  denominations.  The  r.  is  navigable  for 
vessels  of  400  tons  to  the  bridge.  A  number  of 
whale  ships  and  coasting  vessels  are  owned  here. 
Several  vessels  are  employed  along  the  coast  as 
wreckers,  and  cruise  as  far  as  the  West  Indies. 
About  300  men  and  boys,  in  both  villages,  are 
employed  in  navigation.  Ship  building  is  carried 
on  at  the  head  of  Mystic  r. 


K. 


p-o., 
Milledgeville,  611  W 

Nahant,  Lynn  t.,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  5  s.  E. 
Lynn  hotel,  9  s.  Salem,  14  n.  e.  Boston.  It  is  a 
peninsula  in  Massachusetts  bay,  connected  with 
the  main  land  by  a  delightful  beach,  or  narrow 
isthmus  of  sand,  so  compact  as  not  to  receive  the 
imprint  of  a  horse's  hoof,  or  of  a  carriage  wheel, 
a  mile  and  a  half  in  length,  just  high  enough  to 
prevent  the  waves  from  flowing  over  it.  The 
peninsula  consists  of  2  parts,  called  Great  Na- 
hant and  Little  Nahant,  connected  by  Bass  neck. 
Little  Nahant,  the  inner  portion,  contains  42 
acres,  17  of  which  are  in  good  cultivation.  Great 
Nahant,  the  outer  portion,  is  2  ms.  long,  and,  in 
some  places,  half  a  mile  wide,  containing  463 
acres.  The  surface  is  uneven,  rising  from  40  to 
100  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  shores 
generally  consist  of  precipitous  rocks,  rising  from 
20  to  60  feet  above  the  tide,  with  a  great  depth 
of  water  below.  In  some  places,  however,  are 
beautiful  beaches.  The  roar  of  the  ocean  against 
the  rocks  is  sometimes  tremendous.  A  spacious 
stone  hotel,  containing  nearly  100  rooms,  is  erect- 
ed near  the  e.  extremity.  There  are  other  board- 
ing-houses in  the  vicinity,  and  about  20  beautiful 
cottages,  the  summer  residences  of  gentlemen  of 
fortune.  Nahant  is  much  frequented  for  health 
and  pleasure.  A  steamboat  plies  between  this 
place  and  Boston,  and  stages  run  frequently  in 
the  watering  season. 

Nahunta,  p-o.,  and  depot  of  Wayne  co.,  N. 
C,  61  s.  e.  Raleigh,  271  W.  Situated  on  the 
Roanoke  and  Wilmington  railroad. 

Namasket,  r.,  Mass.,  unites  with  Bridgewater 
r.  in  Taunton. 

Namozine,  p-o.,  Amelia  co.,  Va.,  41  s.  w.  Rich- 
mond, 160  W. 

Nanafalia,  p-o.,  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  100  s.  by 
w.  Tuscaloosa,  912  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side 
of  Tombigbee  r.,  1  mile  from  the  bluff  and  land- 
ing. 

Nane  Warrior,  p-o.,  Winston  co.,  Miss.,  104 
N.  E.  Jackson,  966  W. 

Nanjemoy  Bay,  a  small  opening  on  the  e.  side 
of  the  Potomac,  at  the  great  bend  above  Port 
Tobacco. 

Nanjemoy,  p-v.,  Charles  co.,  Md.,  88  s.  w. 
Annapolis,  43  W.  Situated  at  the  head  of  the 
bay  of  the  same  name.  It  is  a  place  of  some 
trade. 

Nankin,  p-v.,  Orange  t.,  Richland  co.,  O.,  83 


n.  by  e.  Columbus,  372  W.    It  contains  2  stores 
and  several  dwellings. 

Nankin,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  20  w.  Detroit, 
534  W.  Watered  by  branches  of  Rouge  r.  It 
has  3  stores,  1  pottery,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
|  fac.  $3,100.  9  sch.  405  scholars.  Pop.  1,109. 
I  Nansemond,  r.,  Va.,  rises  in  the  Dismal  swamp, 
i  and  enters,  by  a  wide  estuary,  into  Hampton 
roads.  It  is  navigable  over  20  miles,  to  Suffolk, 
for  vessels  of  100  tons. 

Nansemond,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  s. 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  444  square  ms. 
Drained  by  branches  of  Nansemond  r.  It  con- 
tains a  part  of  the  Dismal  swamp,  and  from  Lake 
Drummond,  in  this  swamp,  there  is  a  navigable 
feeder,  5  miles  long,  to  the  Dismal  Swamp  canal. 
Much  of  the  soil  is  fertile.  Capital,  Suffolk. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,293,  sheep  4,310, 
swine  23,287;  wheat  5,351  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  315,672,  oats  34,514,  potatoes  80,208,  cotton 
153,640  pounds ;  42  stores,  cap.  $157,020;  Slum- 
ber yards,  cap.  $27,000;  1  cotton  fac.  1,040  sp.,  1 
1  tannery,  1  distillery,  17  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  1  oil 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $69,620.  4  acad.  154  stu- 
dents, 13  sch.  270  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,858, 
slaves  4,530,  free  col'd  1,407;  total,  10,795. 

Nantasket  Road,  Mass.,  one  of  the  main  en- 
trances into  Boston  harbor,  S.  of  the  light-house. 
It  affords  good  anchorage,  with  5  or  6  fathoms  of 
water. 

Nanticoke,  r.,  Del.  and  Md.,  rises  in  Sussex 
co.,  Del.,  and  flows  s.  w.,  and  after  entering  Md., 
receives  Marshy  Hope  r.,  which  rises  in  Kent  co., 
Del.  The  united  stream  flows  into  Fishing  bay, 
a  branch  of  Chesapeake  bay,  by  a  wide  estuary. 

Nanticoke,  t.,  Broome  co.,  N.  Y.,  14  n.  w. 
Binghamton.  The  surface  is  undulating;  soil, 
well  adapted  to  grass.  Drained  by  Nanticoke 
cr.,  which  flows  into  the  Susquehanna  r.  It  has 
4  saw  m.,  6  sch.  153  scholars.    Pop.  400. 

Nanticoke,  p-o.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  120  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  224  W. 

Nanticoke,  hundred,  Sussex  co.,  Del.  It  has 
7  stores,  cap.  $4,720;  1  forge,  5  grist  m.,  5  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,340.  1  sch.  60  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,978. 

Nanticoke  Falls,  Pa.,  in  the  Susquehanna 
r.,  8  ms.  below  Wilkesbarre,  where  it  pierces  a 
mountain  in  the  n.  part  of  Newport  t.  A  dam  is 
erected  here  for  feeding  the  North  Branch  canal, 
which  supplies  a  vast  quantity  of  surplus  water, 
and  affords  great  water  power. 


NAP 


439 


NAR 


Nanticokk  Springs,  p-v.,  Nanticoke  t., 
Broome  co.,  N.  Y.,  142  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  301  W. 
Here  is  a  sulphur  spring,  much  resorted  to.  It 
contains  a  hotel  for  the  accommodation  of  visit- 
ers, and  several  dwellings. 

Nantucket,  island  and  county,  Mass.,  10  e. 
Martha's  Vineyard,  30  s.  Cape  Cod.  It  is  situated 
in  the  Atlantic  ocean,  and  is  15  ms.  long,  with 
an  average  breadth  of  4  ms.,  containing  50  sq.  ms. 
Some  of  the  soil  is  very  productive,  but  most  of 
it  is  sandy  and  sterile.  The  land  is  chiefly  held 
in  common,  and  a  large  number  of  sheep  and 
cows  are  fed  on  the  common.  The  inhabitants 
are  chiefly  employed  in  navigation,  and  particu- 
larly in  the  whale  fishery.  The  s.  part  of  the 
island  is  a  plain,  elevated  not  more  than  25  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  ocean.  On  the  n.  part 
the  land  rises  in  hills  about  40  feet  high,  but  one 
peak  is  80  feet  high.  Nantucket  with  a  few 
small  adjoining  islands,  constitutes  Nantucket 
co.  On  the  s.  E.  of  the  island  are  Nantucket 
shoals,  50  ms.  long  and  45  wide,  where  numerous 
vessels  have  been  wrecked.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  528,  sheep  7,500,  swine,  278  ; 
wheat  91  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  521,  barley 
374,  oats  351,  potatoes  4,525;  33  stores,  cap. 
$142,000  :  cap.  invested  in  fisheries,  $2,826,000  ;  1 
fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  4  rope  fac,  3  grist  m., 
2  printing  offices,  2  weekly,  1  semi- weekly  news- 
papers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,131,411.  5acad.630 
students,  23  sch.  2,060  scholars.     Pop.  9,012. 

Nantucket,  p-v.,  capital  of  Nantucket  co., 
Mass.,  119  s.  s.  E.  Boston,  500  W.  Situated  on 
the  n.  side  of  the  island,  at  the  bottom  of  the  bay. 
It  has  an  excellent  harbor,  which  is  nearly  land- 
locked, by  2  projecting  points  of  beach,  about  three 
fourths  of"  a  mile  apart,  on  one  of  which,  denomi- 
nated Brant  Point,  is  a  light- house.  Nearly  2 
ms.  N.  of  the  harbor  is  a  bar,  with  9  feet  of  water. 
About  150  vessels  belong  to  the  port,  navigated 
by  about  2,00J  men  and  boys.  The  v.  is  com- 
pactly built,  mostly  with  wood  houses,  and  nar- 
row streets.  It  contains  9  churches — 1  Congre- 
gational, 1  Unitarian,  2  Friends,  1  Methodist 
Episcopal,  1  Methodist  Reformed,  1  Episcopal, 
and  2  African,  1  of  them  Baptist — 3  banks,  2  in- 
surance companies,  an  athenaeum,  with  a  library 
of  over  2,000  volumes,  and  a  fine  museum,  and 
the  Coffin  school,  founded  by  Admiral  Sir  Isaac 
Coffin  of  the  British  navy,  in  18^7,  who  be- 
queathed to  it  a  building,  and  a  fund  of  2,500 
pounds  sterling,  in  consequence  of  the  fact,  that 
most  of  the  inhabitants  were  more  or  less  remotely 
related  to  him.  There  is  a  daily  communication 
with  New  Bedford,  by  steamboat.  Tonnage, 
1840,  31,915. 

Napier,  t.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $3,500 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  distillery, 
1  powder  m.,  1  pottery,  1  printing  office,  1  week- 
ly paper,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,600. 
4  sch.  139  scholars.    Pop.  2,463. 

Napierville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Du  Page  co., 
111.,  176  N.  N.  E.  Springfield,  745  W.  Situated  E. 
of  the  w.  Fork  of  Dupage  r.,  and  contains  4 
stores,  1  saw  m.,  1  grist  m.,  50  dwellings,  and 
about  300  inhabitants. 

Naples,  p-t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  66  s.  w. 
Augusta,  569  W.  Incorporated  in  1834.  Wa- 
tered by  Crooked  and  Saugo  rivers,  and  portions 
of  Long  and  Brandy  ponds.  A  boatable  com- 
munication extends  from  Long  pond,  Saugo  r.. 
and  Brandy  pond  to  Sebago  pond,  whence  a 
canal  extends  to  Portland.  It  has  7  sch.  254 
scholars.    Pop.  758. 

Naples,  p-t.,  Ontario  co.,  N.  Y.,  18  s.  Canan 
daigua,  220  w.  Albany,  325  Albany.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  ;  soil,  clay  loam.    Drained  by  inlets 


of  Canandaigua  and  Honeoye  lakes.  The  v  •  is 
situated  on  the  inlet  of  Canandaigua  lake,  and 
contains  1  Presbyterian,  1  Congregational,  and 
1  Methodist  church,  7  stores,  1  woollen  fac,  3 
flouring  m.,  3  saw  m.,  2  clothiers'  works,  2  tan- 
neries, 2  distilleries,  1  furnace,  2  cabinet  and 
chair  fac,  125  dwellings,  and  about  1,000  inhabit- 
ants.   There  are  in  the  t.  7  stores,  cap.  $29,000  ; 

3  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  printing 
office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  3  grist  m.,  16  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $43,720.  14  sch.  665  scholars. 
Pop.  2,345. 

Naples,  p-v.,  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga.,  91  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  662  W. 

Naples,  p-v.,  Scott  co.,  111.,  56  w.  Springfield, 
834  W.  Situated  on  Illinois  r.,  2  ms.  above  the 
mouth  of  Mauvaiseterre  r.  It  contains  several 
stores,  3  steam  mills,  and  about  100  dwellings. 
It  has  an  extensive  trade,  and  many  steamboat 
arrivals  and  departures. 

Napoleon,  p-t.,  capital  of  Henry  co.,  O.,  154 
N.  w.  Columbus,  435  W.  The  v.  is  situated  on 
the  n.  bank  of  3Iaumee  r.,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  and  several  dwellings.    There  are  in  the  t. 

4  stores,  cap.  $9,000 ;  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  2  sch. 
69  scholars.    Pop.  615. 

Napoleon,  p-t.,  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  66  w.  De- 
troit, 512  W.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $9,000;  1 
flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $23,000. 
1  acad.  86  students,  2  sch.  131  scholars.  Pop. 
1,098. 

Napoleon,  p-v.,  Gallatin  co.,  Ky.,  51  n.  Frank- 
fort, 528  W. 

Napoleon,  p-v.,  Ripley  co.,  la.,  59  s.  E.  In- 
dianapolis, 542  W.  It  contains  1  store,  1  tan- 
nery, several  mechanic  shops,  and  about  100  in- 
habitants. 

.  Napoleon,  p-v.,  Chicot  co.,  Ark.,  143  s.  e. 
Little  Rock,  1,087  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank 
of  the  Mississippi,  at  the  entrance  of  Arkansas  r. 

Napoli,  p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.  Y.,  303  w.  by 
s.  Albany,  341  W,  The  surface  is  elevated  and 
rolling  ;  soil,  fertile.  Drained  by  Coldspring  cr. 
It  has  1  store,  cap.  $2,000  ;  1  tannery,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,300.  7  sch.  3i6  scholars. 
Pop.  1,145. 

Naponoch,  v.,  Wawarsing  t.,  Ulster  co.,  N.  Y. 
Situated  on  Rondout  cr.,  half  a  mile  w.  of  the 
Delaware  and  Hudson  canal,  and  contains  1 
church,  2  stores,  2  tanneries,  1  edge  tool  fac,  1 
grist  m.,  70  dwellings,  and  about  500  inhabitants. 
The  falls  in  the  cr.  here  afford  a  great  water 
power. 

Narraganset  Bay,  R.  I.  This  beautiful  body 
of  water  sets  up  from  the  Atlantic,  between 
Point  Judith  on  the  w.,  and  Seaconnet  rocks  on 
the  e.,  and  is  23  ms.  long,  and  from  3  to  12 
broad.  It  receives  Providence  and  Pawtucket 
rivers  in  its  n.  w.  part,  Taunton  r.  in  its  n.  e. 
part,  and  Pawtuxet  r.  on  its  w.  side.  It  contains 
a  number  of  beautiful  and  fertile  islands,  of 
which  the  chief  are  Rhode  Island,  Canonicut 
and  Prudence.  It  is  accessible  at  all  seasons, 
has  some  fine  harbors,  and  is  the  best  naval  sta- 
tion in  the  United  States. 

Narragaugus,  v.  and  bay,  Washington  co., 
Me.  The  r.  enters  the  bay  in  its  n.  w.  part,  and 
the  bay  contains  several  islands,  has  a  broad 
and  open  mouth,  and  has  Pleasant  bay  on  the  e. 

Narragaugus,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  124 
E.  Augusta,  706  W. 

Narrowsburg,  p-o.,  Lumberland  t.,  Sullivan 
co.,  N.  Y.,  141  s.  w.  Albany,  283  W. 

Narrow's  Mills,  p-o.,  Union  co.,  Pa.,  85  n. 
Harrisburg,  191  W.  . 

Narrows,  New  York  harbor,  lying  between 
Long  Island  on  the  e.,  and  Staten  Island  on  the 


NAS 


440 


NAT 


vv.,  about  1  mile  wide,  strongly  defended  by  forts 
on  each  side.  It  forms  tbe  entrance  from  the 
lower  bay  into  the  harbor. 

Narrows,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Md. 

Nash,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  a  little  n.  e.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  640  sq.  ms. 
Tar  r.  runs  on  its  s.  border,  by  branches  of  which 
it  is  drained.  Capital,  Nashville.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  753,  sheep  635,  swine  2,257  ; 
wheat  833  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  32,325,  oats 
5,882,  potatoes  7,591,  cotton  50,728  pounds;  9 
sch.  133  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,941,  slaves  3,697, 
free  col'd  409 ;  total,  9,047. 

Nashawn,  island,  Mass.  One  of  the  Elizabeth 
islands,  on  the  s.  E.  side  of  Buzzard's  bay,  9  ms. 
long  and  2  broad. 

Nashawenna,  island,  Mass.  One  of  the 
Elizabeth  islands.     It  is  inhabited. 

Nashport,  p-v.,  Licking  t.,  Muskingum  co., 
O.,  54  Columbus,  351  W.  Situated  on  the  Ohio 
and  Erie  canal.  It  contains  2  stores,  3  ware- 
houses, 30  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Nash's  Stream,  N.  H.,  a  branch  of  Upper 
Ammonoosuc  r.,  which  it  enters  from  the  n. 

Nashua,  r.,  Hillsborough  co.,  N.  H,  runs 
partly  in  Mass.,  and  flows  into  the  Merrimac  at 
Dunstable,  N.  H. 

Nashua,  p-t.,  Hillsboro'  co.,  N.  H.,  12  n.  w. 
Lowell,  36  s.  by  e.  Concord,  447  W.  It  is  situa- 
ted on  the  w.  side  of  Merrimac  r.  It  is  level  on 
the  e.,  and  uneven  on  the  w.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Watered  by  Nashua  r.  The  v.  is  situated  on 
the  N.  side  of  Nashua  r.,  near  its  entrance  into 
the  Merrimac,  and  contains  8  churches,  50  stores, 
and  many  elegant  dwellings.  The  r.  falls  65 
feet  in  2  ms.,  and  produces  an  extensive  water 

?ower,  and  here  are  large  cotton  factories, 
'here  are  in  the  t.  50  stores,  cap.  $129,706  ;  .5 
cotton  fac.  34,348  sp.,  1  tannery,  1  pottery,  2 
printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers,  3  saw  m 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,294,500.  1  acad.  214  stu 
dents,  36  sch.  1,476  scholars.    Pop.  6,054. 

Nashville,  p-o.,  Hanover  t,  Chautauque  co. 
N.  Y.,  310  w.  Albany,  358  W. 

Nashville,  p-v.,  Washington  t.,  Holmes  co. 
O.,  82  n.  e.  Columbus,  354  W.  It  contains  1 
Dutch  Reformed  and  1  Methodist  church,  2  stores, 
25  dwellings,  and  about  150  inhabitants. 

Nashville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Nash  co.,  N.  C, 
44  E.  by  N.  Raleigh,  254  W.  Situated  on  the  s. 
side  of  Peach  Tree  cr.,  a  branch  of  Tar  r.  It 
contains  a  conrt  house  and  several  dwellings. 

Nashville,  city,  capital  of  Davidson  co., 
Tenn.,  and  of  the  state,  is  situated  on  the  s.  side 
of  Cumberland  r.,  in  36°  9'  33"  N.  lat.,  and  86° 
49'  3"  w.  Ion.,  110  n.  Huntsville,  183  w.  Knox- 
ville,  250  s.  w.  Lexington,  Ky.,  909  s.  w.  N.  York, 
684  W.  Pop.  1830,  5,566;  1840,  6,929.  It  is 
pleasantly  situated,  and  regularly  laid  out;  the 
ground  rises  by  a  gentle  inclination,  and  furnishes 
many  pleasant  situations  for  residences.  It  has 
a  court  house,  jail,  and  market  house,  11  church-lthey  are^  mostly 
es,  2  Baptist,  1  Christian,  1  Cumberland  Presby- "  ' 
terian,  1  Presbyterian,  4  Methodist,  1  Episcopal, 
1  Roman  Catholic,  3  banks,  the  halls  of  the  Nash- 
ville University,  a  lunatic  asylum,  and  a  state 
penitentiary,  310  feet  long,  350deep  and  2  stories 
high,  containing  200  cells  for  convicts:  The 
Nashville  University  was  founded  in  1806,  has 
a  president  and  5  professors,  or  other  instructors, 
236  alumni,  292  students,  and  10,000  vols,  in  its 
libraries.  The  commencement  is  on  the  first 
Wednesday  in  October.  Cumberland  r.  is  here 
navigable  for  vessels  of  from  30  to  40  tons,  and 
at  high  water  for  ships  of  400  tons.  15  steam 
boats  are  employed  on  the  river,  besides  a  great 
number  of  keel-boats   and    flat-boats.      There 


were  in  1840,  3  for.  commercial  and  8  commis- 
sion houses,  cap.  $235,000  ;  75  retail  stores,  cap. 
$1,606,400;  1  forge,  1  tannery,  1  paper  fac,  4 
printing  offices,  2  binderies,  1  daily,  5  weekly 
and  3  semi-weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $151,000.  3  acad.  320  students,  2  sch.  123 
scholars.    Tonnage,  4,733. 

Nashville,  p-v.,  Lowndes  co.,  Miss.,  155  n. 
e.  Jackson,  871  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  e.  side 
of  the  Tombigbee  r. 

Nashville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Brown  co.,  la.,  54 
s.  Indianapolis,  599  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side 
of  Salt  cr.  It  contains  a  court  house  and  several 
dwellings. 

Nashville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Washington  co., 
111.,  118  s.  j}y  e.  Springfield,  793  W.  Situated 
on  an  elevated  and  beautiful  prairie,  at  the  head 
of  Little  Crooked  cr.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
3  stores,  a  steam  saw  m.,  and  about  20  dwellings. 
Nashville,  p-v.,  Boone  co.,  Mo.,  24  n.  w. 
Jefferson  City,  953  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side 
of  the  Missouri  r.  . 

Nassau,  r.,  Flor.,  runs  E.  on  the  s.  border  of 
Nassau  co.,  and  enters  by  Nassau  inlet  into  the 
Atlantic. 

Nassau,  county,  Flor.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  ter.,  and  contains  576  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  level,  and  in  some  parts  marshy. 
Amelia  Island  occupies  the  whole  front  of  its 
Atlantic  coast.  St.  Mary's  r.  runs  on  its  n.  bor- 
der, and  Nassau  r.  on  its  s.  border,  by  which,  and 
their  branches,  it  is  drained.  Capital,  Nassau  C. 
H.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,686,  sheep 
436,  swine  5,011,  Indian  corn  17,400  bushels  pro- 
duced, potatoes  16,000,  rice  31,500  pounds,  cotton 
66,425 ;  2  stores,  cap.  $15,000 ;  1  lumber  yard, 
cap.  $25,000 ;  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  5  sch.  60 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  954,  slaves  908,  free  cold 
30 ;  total,  1,892. 

Nassau,  p-t.,  Rensselaer  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  s.  e. 
Albany,  365  W.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil, 
gravel  and  warm  loam,  and  productive.  Drained 
by  Kinderkook  cr.  and  its  tributaries.  The  v. 
is  pleasantly  situated  on  a  plain,  and  contains  3 
churches — 2  Presbyterian,  and  1  Methodist — an 
academy,  5  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  carriage  fac,  50 
dwellings,  and  about  400  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.  10  stores,  cap.  $2,300 ;  3  fulling  m., 
6  woollen  fac,  2  cotton  fac.  3,158  sp.,  3  tanneries, 
1  flouring  m.,  6  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac $74,780.  15  sch.  879  scholars.  Pop.  3,236. 
Natchez,  city,  and  capital  of  Adams  co.,  Miss., 
100  s.  w.  Jackson,  1,110  W.  It  is  situated  on  the 
e.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  r.,  mostly  on  a  bluff, 
elevated  150  feet  above  the  level  of  the  river, 
155  m*t.  from  New  Orleans  by  land,  and  292  by 
the  course  of  the  river.  A  part  of  the  place  is 
built  on  the  margin  of  the  r.  It  is  laid  out  in  the 
form  of  a  parallelogram,  with  streets  intersecting 
each  other  at  right  angles,  but  the  site  is  very 
uneven.  Some  of  the  houses  are  elegant,  but 
of  wood,  and  only  one  story 
high.  Almost  every  house  has  a  piazza  and  a 
balcony,  and  many  of  them  have  gardens  finely 
ornamented  with  shrubbery,  and  stored  with 
fruit.  It  has  a  court  house,  jail,  4  churches — 1 
Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist,  and  1 
Bethel  for  boatmen— 3  banks,  1  academy,  i  female 
seminary,  an  hopsital,  orphan  asylum,  masonic 
hall,  theatre,  2  steam  oil  mills  for  manufacturing 
oil  from  cotton  seed,  and  4,800  inhabitants. 
Three  miles  from  the  city  is  a  race-course.  The 
country  around  contains  excellent  cotton  lands, 
and  this  place  is  a  great  cotton  mart,  and  has  an 
extensive  and  an  increasing  trade. 

Natchaug,  r.,  Ct.,  rises  in  Union  and  Wood- 
stock, and  enters  Shelucket  r.,  of  which  it  is  the 


NAT 


441 


NAZ 


largest  branch,  on  the  line  of  Chaplin  and  Mans- 
field. 

Natchitoches,  parish,  La.  Situated  in  the 
N.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  4,000  sq.  ms. 
A  greater  portion  of  the  par.  consists  of  sterile 
land,  covered  with  pine  anil  some  oak ;  but  along 
the  Red  r.,  which  drains  it,  the  soil  is  fertile,  and 
well  adapted  to  cotton.  The  Sabine  r.  runs  on 
its  s.  w.  border.  Capital,  Natchitoches.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  12,217,  sheep  1,938, 
swine  15,849,  Indian  corn  362,806  bushels  pro- 
duced, oats  10,080,  potatoes  26,563,  tobacco 
111,350  pounds,  cotton  10,638,709;  49  stores, 
cap.  $494,500;  4  tanneries,  10  grist  m.,  12  saw 
in.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $74,500.  2  acad.  12S  students, 
5  sch.  58  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,042,  slaves 
6,651,  free  col'd  657  ;  total,  14,350. 

Natchitoches,  (pronounced  Nakilosh,)  p.  v., 
capital  of  Natchitoches  par.,  La.,  368  N.  w.  by  w. 
New  Orleans,  1,287  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Red  r.,  200  ms.  above  its  junction  with 
the  Mississippi  r.,  at  the  foot  of  a  bluff,  and  is 
built  chiefly  on  one  street.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  a  Roman  Catholic  church,  and  a 
United  States  military  post,  2  printing  offices, 
issuing  2  weekly  newspapers,  and  about  2,000 
inhabitants.  It  has  considerable  trade.  It  was 
settled  by  the  French  in  1717,  and  half  the  pre- 
sent inhabitants  are  of  French  descent. 

Nathansville,  p-v.,  Conecuh  co.,  Ala.,  189  s. 
by  w.  Tuscaloosa,  950  W. 

Natick,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  17  w.  s. 
w.  Boston,  423  W.  Incorporated  in  1781.  Wa- 
tered by  Charles  r.,  and  contains  numerous  fish 
ponds.  It  has  2  villages.  The  n.  village  con- 
tains 1  Congregational  and  1  Methodist  church, 
and  about  30  dwellings.  The  s.  village  is  the 
oldest,  and  contains  a  Unitarian  church  and  20 
dwellings.     The  Boston  and  Worcester  railroad 

S  asses  through  it.  The  first  Indian  church  in 
few  England  was  formed  here,  by  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Elliott,  the  apostle  of  the  Indians,  in  1660,  and  an 
Indian  village  was  formed,  consisting  of  2  long 
streets,  on  the  Boston  side  of  the  r.,  and  1  on  the 
other,  with  a  foot  bridge  across  the  r.,  and  the 
place  flourished  under  a  succession  of  native 
and  English  teachers.  It  is  now  nearly  extinct. 
There  are  in  the  t.  3  stores,  cap.  $5,500 ;  2  grist 
m.,  6sawm.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $38,800.  1  acad. 
30  students,  6  schools,  309  scholars.  Population 
1,285. 

Natick,  p-v.,  Warwick  t.,  Kent  co.,  R.  I.,  9 
s.  s.  E.  Providence,  399  W.  Situated  on  the  n. 
side  of  Patuxet  river.  It  has  several  cotton  fac- 
tories. 

Nation  Ford,  p-o.,  York  dist.,  S.  C,  81  n.  Co- 
lumbia, 426  W. 

Natural  Bridge,  p-v.,  Wilna  t.,  Jefferson 
co.,  N.  Y.,  153  n.  w.  Albany,  452  W.  It  con- 
tains 1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist  church,  1 
store,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  about  20 
dwellings.  Here  is  a  natural  bridge  over  Indian 
r.,  15  feet  wide,  and  6  feet  above  the  water, 
which  is  a  curiosity. 

Natural  Bridge,  p-o.,  Rockbridge  co.,  Va., 
156  w.  Richmond.  Situated  in  the  s.  w.  purt  of 
the  county,  near  the  Natural  Bridge,  one  of  the 
greatest  curiosities  in  the  United  States.  This 
bridge  consists  of  a  stupendous  arch  of  limestone 
rock,  over  a  chasm  50  feet  wide  at  its  base,  and 
91)  feet  at  top.  •  The  height  of  the  bridge  above 
the  stream  to  the  top,  is  215  feet ;  its  average 
width  is  80  feet ;  its  extreme  length  at  top  is  93 
feet,  and  its  thickness,  from  its  under  to  its  upper 
side,  is  55  feet.  It  is  covered  to  the  depth  of 
from  4  to  6  feet  with  clayey  earth,  with  a  natural 
5G 


parapet,  of  rocks  on  the  sides,  rendered  firm  by 
trees  and  shrubbery.  The  view  fan)  above,  to 
those  who  dare  to  take  it,  is  awfully  grand  ;  but 
the  best  view  is  obtained  from  beneath,  where 
the  astonished  spectator  has  a  full  view  of  this 
sublime  work  of  nature.  Cedar  cr.,  which  flows 
under  the  bridge,  is  a  small  and  unimportant 
stream.  This  bridge  is  of  important  use,  as  it 
constitutes  a  safe  and  convenient  passage  across 
this  great  chasm,  not  otherwise  possible  for  some 
miles  above  or  below. 

Natural  Canal,  N.  Y.,  connects  the  waters 
of  Oswegatchie  and  Grass  rivers.  It  is  6  miles 
long,  and  from  10  to  20  rods  wide,  very  straight, 
and  navigable,  at  high  water,  for  boats  of  10  tons 
burden. 

Natural  Dam,  p-o.,  Crawford  co.,  Ark.,  174 
w.  n.  w.  Little  Rock,  1,230  W. 

Naugatuck,  r.,  Ct.,  rises  in  Norfolk  and  Win- 
chester, in  the  n.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  enters 
the  Housatonic,  in  Derby. 

Naugatuck,  p-v.,  Waterbury  t.,  New  Haven 
co.,  Ct.,  53  s.  w.  Hartford,  317  W.  Situated 
principally  on  the  w.  side  of  Naugatuck  r.  It  con- 
tains 4  churches — 1  Congregational,  1  Episcopal, 

1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist — 1  sattinet  fac,  1 
clock  fac,  1  button  fac,  and  several  other  fac- 
tories, 150  dwellings,  and  about  1,500  inhabit- 
ants. The  amount  of  articles  manufactured  ex- 
ceeds $1,000,000  annually. 

Nauvoo,  city,  Hancock  co.,  111.,  124  n.  w. 
Springfield,  891  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  e.  bank 
of  the  Mississippi  r.,  which  is  here  about  2  miles 
wide,  and  where  is  a  good  steamboat  landing. 
In  consequence  of  a  curve  in  the  r.,  it  bounds  the 
place  on  the  n.  w.  and  s.  It  is  181  ms.  above  the 
mouth  of  Illinois  r.,  and  the  city  limits  include  a 
space  4  miles  long,  and  3  wide,  at  its  greatest 
width,  covered  with  streest  of  ample  width,  and 
crossing  each  other  at  right  angles.  Its  buildings, 
at  the  end  of  three  years  from  the  time  of  its  es- 
tablishment, amount  to  1,000,  consisting  chiefly 
of  whitewashed  log  cabins,  with  some  frame  and 
brick  houses.  Its  public  buildings  are  the 
"  Nauvoo  House"  a  spacious  hotel,  fronting  on 

2  streets,  120  feet  on  each,  40  feet  wide,  and  3 
stories  high  above  the  basement.  In  this  build- 
ing Joe  Smith,  the  pretended  prophet  and  leader 
of  these  "  Latter-day  Saints,"  is  provided  with  a 
suite  of  rooms.  The  Nauvco  Temple,  not  yet  en- 
tirely completed,  will  be  130  feet  long,  and  100 
feet  wide.  In  the  basement  is  a  baptistry  or 
brazen  sea,  supported  on  12  gilded  oxen,  the 
model  of  which  is  derived  from  the  brazen  sea 
of  Solomon.  Their  property  is  held  as  private  ; 
but  a  large  farm,  without  the  city,  is  occupied  and 
cultivated  in  common.  The  Nauvoo  Legion  con- 
sists of  from  2  to  3,000  men,  armed  and  disciplined. 
They  have  a  University,  which  contains  a  presi- 
dent, a  professor  of  mathematics  and  English 
literature,  a  professor  of  the  learned  languages, 
and  a  professor  of  church  history.  The  popula- 
tion amounts  to  7,000,  within  the  city  limits,  a 
large  number  of  whom  are  from  England,  besides 
about  3,000  who  belong  to  the  fraternity,  in  the 
vicinity.  The  city  is  divided  into  4  wards,  and 
has  a  mayor,  and,  from  each  of  the  wards,  2 
aldermen,  4  common  councilmen,  and  a  con- 
stable. 

Navarino,  p-o.,  Onondaga  t.,  Onondaga  co., 
N.  Y.,  148  w.  by  n  Albany. 

Navarino,  Wis.    (See  Green  bay.) 

Nave's  Store,  p-o.,  Livingston  co.,  Mo.,  175 
».  w.  Jefferson  City,  1,069  W. 

Naylor's  Store,  p-o.,  St.  Charles  county, 
Mo. 

Nazareth,  p-o.,  Northampton  co.,  Va. 


NEL 


442 


NES 


Neale's  Creek,  p-o 
w.  Columbia,  437  W. 


Union  dist,,  S.  C,  71  n 
Adair  co.,  Ky.,  84  s.  by  w 


Neatsville,  p-v 
Frankfort,  593  W. 

Neaves,  t.,  Darke  co.,  O.  It  has  1  sch.  25 
scholars.     Pop.  645. 

Nebo,  p-o.,  Hopkins  co.,  Ky.,  206  w.  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  748  W. 

Neddock,  cape,  York  co.,  Me.,  is  a  rocky  bar- 
ren bluff  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  inhabited  by  a  few 
fishermen. 

Needham,  p-t.,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  12  s.  w. 
Boston,  427  W.  Charles  r.  runs  on  its  s.  e.  and 
N.  border,  which  has  here  a  fall  of  20  feet,  and 
another  fall  affording  a  good  water  power.  At 
each  of  the  falls  is  a  village,  with  extensive  man- 
ufactures of  paper,  cotton,  shoes,  &c.  The  t. 
contains  5  churches— 2  Congregational,  2  Metho- 
dist, and  1  Baptist.  The  Boston  and  Worcester 
railroad  passes  through  it.  Incorporated  in  1711. 
It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $1,500;  1  cotton  fac.  1,200 
sp.,  3  paper  fac,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $67,900.  3  acad.  65  students,  6  sch. 
36j  scholars.     Pop.  1,483. 

Neeley's  Creek,  p-o.,  York  dist.,  S.  C,  72  n. 
Columbia,  451  W. 

Neersville,  p-o.,  Loudon  co.,  Va.,  168  N. 
Richmond,  52  W. 

Neewaygon,  county,  Mich.  Situated  in  the 
w.  part  of  the  southern  peninsula,  and  contains 
864  square  miles.  Drained  by  Notipekago  and 
White  rivers.  Maskegon  r.  passes  across  the 
southern  part  of  the  co.    It  is  unorganized. 

Neffsville,  p-v.,  Manheim  t,  Lancaster  co., 
Pa.,  41  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  115  W.  It  contains  15 
or  20  dwellings. 

Negreet,  p-o.,  Natchitoches  par.,  La.,  407  N. 
w.  by  w.  New  Orleans,  1,326  W. 
Negro  Foot,  p-o.,  Hanover  co.,  Va. 
Negwegon,  county,  Mich.    Situated  in  the  n. 
e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  660  sq.  miles. 
Drained  by  Au  Sable  r.  and  branches,  on  the  s 
and  branches  of  Thunder  Bay  river  on  the  n     ' 
is  unorganized. 

Neil's  Creek,  p-o.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  229 
w.  by  n.  Albany,  310  W. 

Neil's  Mills,  p-o.,  Nicholas  co.,  Va.,  300  w. 
by  N.  Richmond. 

Nelson,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  central 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  490  sq.  ms.  It  is 
bounded  by  James  r.  on  the  s.  E.,  and  by  the 
Blue  Ridge  on  the  N.  w.  Drained  by  Rock- 
fish,  Rock,  and  Tye  rivers.  Capital,  Lovingston. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,139,  sheep 
7,754,  swine  20,341 ;  wheat  128,478  bushels  pro- 
duced, rye  35,820,  Ind.  corn  327,253,  oats  90,777, 
pouloes  18,814,  tobacco  2,228,817  pounds,  cotton 
994  5  19  stores,  cap.  $258,400  ;  1  furnace,  6  tan- 
neries, 8  distilleries,  5  flouring  m.,  22  grist  m.,  13 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $50,050.  1  acad.  70 
students,  13  sch.  265  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
6,168,  slaves  5,967,  free  colored,  152;  total, 
12,287. 

Nelson,  county,  Ky.  Situated  a  little  n.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  469  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Beech  Fork  and  Rolling  Fork  of  Salt 
r.,  and  their  branches.  Capital,  Bardstown. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  18,503,  sheep 
20,353,  swine  46,667  ;  wheat  121,244  bush,  prod., 
rye  56,073,  Ind.  corn  473,374,  buckwheat  3,610, 
oats  155, 179,  potatoes  12,521,  sugar  14,711  pounds ; 
6  lumber  yards,  cap.  $200 ;  27  stores,  capital, 
$139,130 ;  1  furnace,  1  woollen  fee..  65  tanner- 
ies, 41  distilleries 


7  flouring  m.,  40  grist  m.,  25 
a.,  1  oil  m.,  3  printing  offices,  2  weekly  news- 
papers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $129,370.  1  college 
108  students,  3  acad.  341  students, 


scholars.     Pop.  whites  8,878,  slaves  4,643,  free 
col'dll6;  total,  13,637. 

Nelson,  p-t.,  Cheshire  co.,  N.  H.,  44  s.  w. 
Concord,  444  W.  It  occupies  the  height  of  land 
between  Connecticut  and  Merrimac  rivers.  The 
surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  adapted  to  grazing.  It  has 
several  ponds,  the  outlets  of  which  flow  into 
Ashuelot  and  Contoocook  rivers,  and  afford  good 
water  power.  Chartered  by  the  name  of  Pack- 
ersfield,  in  1774.  There  are  in  the  t.  1  store, 
cap.  $6,000 ;  1  cotton  fac.  640  sp.,  1  tannery,  2 
grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $30,000.  1 
acad.  37  students,  9  sch.  336  scholars.  Pop.  835. 
Nelson,  p-t.,  Madison  co.,  N.  Y.,  109  w.  by  n. 
Albany.  The  surface  is  elevated  and  undula- 
ting ;  soil,  clay  and  calcareous  loam.  Drained  N. 
by  Chittenango  cr.,  and  s.  by  head  branches  of 
Chenango  r.  The  a*,  contains  2  churches,  1  store, 
35  dwellings,  and  about  225  inhabitants.  The  t. 
has  3  stores,  cap.  $6,500  ;  2  fulling  m.,  3  tanner- 
ies, 2  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$10,325.     10  sch.  713  scholars.     Pop.  2,100. 

Nelson,  p-o.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  165  n.  Harrisburg, 
275  W. 

Nelson,  p-t.,  Portage  co.,  O.,  164  n.  e.  Colum- 
bus, 320  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to 
grass  and  to  grain.  It  has  9  sch.  291  scholars. 
Pop.  1,398.  ,  ^    _ 

Nelson  Factory,  p-v.,  Nelson  t.,  Cheshire 
co.,  N.  H.,  38  s.  w.  Concord,  444  W.  Situated 
on  Souhegan  r.  It  has  a  cotton  fac.  with  640 
sp.,  and  several  neat  dwellings. 

Nelsonville,  p-v.,  York  t.,  Athens  co.,  O., 
59  s.  E.  Columbus,  353  W.  Situated  on  the  n. 
side  of  Hockhocking  r.  It  contains  2  stores,  and 
about  100  inhabitants. 

Neosho,  r.,  Indian  ter.,  rises  in  the  dividing 
ridge  between  the  Arkansas  and  Kansas  rivers, 
runs  240  ms.  s.  e.  and  s.  through  the  Osage  and 
Cherokee  lands,  and  enters  the  Arkansas  3  or  4 
ms.  s.  of  Fort  Gibson. 

Neosho,  p-v.,  capital  of  Newton  co.,  Mo.,  17o 
N.  w.  Jefferson  City.  Situated  on  Spring  cr.,  a 
branch  of  Neosho  r.  ■' 

Neponset,  r.,  Mass.,  flows  into  Boston  harbor, 
and  is  navigable  for  vessels  of  150  tons,  4  ms.,  to 
Mifon.  '  „ 

Neponset  Village,  p-v.,  Dorchester  t.,  JNor- 
folk  co.,  Mass.,  5  s.  Boston,  445  W.  Situated  on 
the  N.  side  of  Neponset  r.,  and  contains  some 
mills  and  manufactories. 

Neptune,  p-o.,  Mercer  co.,  O.,  112  w.  n.  w. 
Columbus,  505  W.  -.-'*- 

Nescopeck,  mt.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.  Situated 
on  the  n.  side  of  Nescopeck  cr.,  runs  20  ms.  par- 
allel to  Wyoming  mt.,  and  is  about  850  feet  high. 
It  is  nearly  destitute  of  timber  on  its  sum- 
mit. 

Nescopeck,  cr.,  rises  in  Hanover  t,  Luzerne 
co.,  Pa.,  and  flows  over  30  ms.  w.  and  N.  w.,  into 
the  Susquehanna  r.,  at  Nescopeck  v. 

Nescopeck,  p-t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  98  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  208  W.  The  surface  is  uneven, 
with  some  good  bottom  land  on  the  streams. 
Watered  by  Big  and  Little  Wapwallopen  and 
Nescopeck  creeks.  The  v.  is  situated  at  the  en- 
trance of  Nescopeck  cr.  into  the  Susquehanna  r. 
It  contains  several  stores,  and  about  30  dwell- 
ings. A  bridge  1,256  feet  long,  and  roofed,  which 
cost  $31,000,  here  crosses  the  Susquehanna. 
There  are  in  the  t.  2  stores,  cap.  $9,200  ;  1  forge, 
2  flouring  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,100. 
6  sch.  265  scholars.     Pop.  1,370. 

Neshaminy,  r.,  Pa.,  rises  in  Hilltown  t.,  Bucks 
co.,  and  by  a  winding  course  of  35  ms.,  flows  in- 
to Delaware  r.,  3  ms.  below  Bristol.     It  is  cross- 
1   sch.  "35 1  ed  by  several  fine  bridges,  and  the  one  nearest 


It 


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443 


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its  mouth  on  the  road  to  New  York,  is  a  toll  and 
a  draw  bridge. 

Neshanock,  t.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $7,000 ;  2  commission  houses,  cap.  $4,300 ; 
1  furnace,  1  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  1  tannery, 
3  distilleries,  7  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac.  $6,810.    13  sch.  555  scholars.     Pop.  2,063. 

Nether  Providence,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.,  Pa., 
12  w.  Philadelphia,  90  Harrisburg,  124  W.  The 
surface  is  level ;  soil,  productive  clay,  and  well 
cultivated.  Drained  by  Ridley  cr.  on  its  w.,  and 
Crura  cr.  on  its  e.  boundary,  both  flowing  into 
the  Delaware  r.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $22,900  ; 
1  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac $6,740.     1  sch.  144  scholars.     Pop.  1,025. 

Nettle  Creek,  t.,  Randolph  co.,  la.  It  has 
3  sch.  70  scholars.     Pop.  596. 

Nettle  Hill,  p-o.,  Westbury  t.,  Chautauque 
co.,  N.  Y. 

Nesaquake,  r.,  Suffolk  co ,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  the 
t.  of  Smithtown,  and  flows  w.  4  ms.,  whence  it 
forms  3  ponds  in  succession,  affording  excellent 
water  power.  Thence  it  flows  N.  5  ms.  into 
Long  Island  sound,  being  navigable  that  distance 
for  small  craft,  at  high  tide. 

Nesaquake,  v.,  Smithtown  t.,  Suffolk  co.,  N. 
Y.  Situated  on  the  E.  side  of  a  stream  of  the 
same  name,  and  contains  a  school  house,  and  10 
or  12  dwellings.  Here  was  the  residence  of 
"  Richard  Smith,"  and  the  first  settlement  made 
on  this  part  of  Long  Island. 

Neshoba,  county,  Miss.  Situated  toward  the 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  600  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Pearl  r.,  and  its  head  branches. 
Capital,  Philadelphia.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  10,003,  sheep  677,  swine  8,663;  wheat 
7,163  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  83,230,  oats  1,810, 
potatoes  14,506,  rice  1,563  pounds,  tobacco  2,918, 
cotton  1,032,947;  3  stores,  cap.  $19,000;  3  tan- 
neries, 4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$800.  4  sch.  65  scholars.  Pop.  whites  1,693, 
slaves  744;  total,  2,437. 

Neuse,  r.,  N.  C,  rises  in  Person  and  Orange 
counties,  and  after  a  course  of  about  300  ms., 
flows  into  a  large  estuary,  connected  with  Pam- 
lico sound.  It  is  navigable  for  sea  vessels  12  ms. 
above  Newbern,  and  lor  boats  about  200  ms. 

Neversink,  p-t.,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  Y.,  99  s.  w. 
Albany,  312  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  moun- 
tainous. Drained  by  Neversink  r.  on  the  s.,  and 
by  Rondout  cr.  on  the  e.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$9,800 ;  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  16  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $158,850.  14  sch.  520  scholars. 
Pop.  1,631. 

Neversink,  Highlands  of,  extend  across  the 
N.  part  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.  J.  Adjacent  to  the 
ocean  they  are  300  or  400  feet  high,  consisting  of 
sandy  earth,  colored  by  oxide  of  iron,  and  imbed- 
ding reddish  brown  sand  and  pudding-stone,  ce- 
mented by  iron,  resting  on  banks  of  oyster  shells 
and  other  marine  relics,  blended  with  clay  and 
sea  mud.  A  small  portion  of  them  only  is  culti- 
vated, but  they  are  generally  covered  with 
wood. 

Neville,  p-v.,  Washington  t.,  Clermont  co., 
O.,  126  e.  s.  e.  Columbus,  486  W.  Situated  on 
the  Ohio  r. 

Nevin,d-o.,  Highland  co.,  O.,  82  s.  w.  Colum- 
bus, 449  W. 

New  Albany,  p-v.,  Albany  t.,  Bradford  co., 
Pa.,  136  n.  Harrisburg,  247  W. 

New  Albany,  city,  and  capital  of  Floyd  co., 
la ,  121  s.  by  e.  Indianapolis,  600  W.  Situated 
on  the  n.  bank  of  the  Ohio  r.,  2  ms.  below  the 
foot  of  the  falls,  where  the  Ohio  descends  32  feet 
in  one  mile.  It  is  the  largest  place  in  the  state, 
and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  9  churches — 2 


Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  2  Baptist,  2  Methodist, 

1  Campbellite,  and  1  Roman  Catholic — a  bank, 
an  insurance  co.,  1  male  and  1  female  seminary, 
a  lyceum,  4  schools,  a  theological  college,  40  or 
50  stores  of  different  kinds,  1  iron  foundry  and 
steam  engine  fac,  1  rone  fac,  1  steam  grist  m.,  1 
steam  saw  m.,  1  hemp  nagging  fac,  and  4,226  in- 
habitants. It  is  regularly  laid  out  with  six  streets 
running  parallel  with  the  r.  the  whole  length  of 
the  city,  intersected  by  1 1  others  crossing  them 
at  right  angles.  The  streets  are  generally  from 
60  to  80  or  100  feet  wide.  From  10  to  15  steam- 
boats are  built  here  annually,  besides  sloops  and 
schooners,  to  be  sold  at  New  Orleans,  ana  there 
are  several  extensive  ship  yards.  The  place  was 
laid  off  in  1813.  A  macadamized  road  is  finished 
50  ms.,  being  part  of  an  overland  communication 
with  St.  Louis,  Mo.  A  railroad  is  also  partly 
finished  toward  Crawfordsville,  la.  There  are 
in  the  t.,  exclusive  of  the  city,  1,308  inhabitants. 

New  Albany,  p-v.,  Pontotoc  co.,  Miss. 

New  Albany,  v.,  Green  t.,  Columbiana  co., 
O.     It  has  1  sch.  and  52  inhabitants. 

New  Albion,  p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.  Y.,  307 
w.  by  s.  Albany,  347  W.  The  surface  is  ele- 
vated and  broken ;  soil,  fertile,  adapted  to  grain 
and  to  grazing.  Drained  by  Cattaraugus  cr.  and 
Alleghany  r.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $2,500  ;  1  grist 
m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,500.  6  sch. 
254  scholars.     Pop.  1,016. 

New  Alexander,  p-v.,  West  t.,  Columbiana 
co.,  O.,  146  n.  e.  by  e.  Columbus,  292  W.  It  has 

2  stores,  25  dwellings,  and  about  150  inhabitants. 
New  Alexandria,  p-v.,   Westmoreland  co., 

Pa.,  171  w.  Harrisburg,  197  W.  Situated  on  the 
e.  side  of  Loyalhanna  r.,  and  contains  3  stores, 
and  about  30  dwellings. 

New  Alstead,  p-v.,  Alstead  t.,  Cheshire  co., 
N.  H,  54  s.  w.  Concord,  458  W.  Situated  on  s. 
side  of  Cold  r. 

New  Amsterdam,  p-v.,  Harrison  co.,  la.,  140 
s.  Indianapolis,  637  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side 
of  the  Ohio  r.,  immediately  above  the  entrance 
of  Indian  cr. 

Newark,  p-t.,  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  57  n.  e. 
Montpelier,  5b7  W.  The  surface  is  moderately 
uneven ;  soil,  cold  and  wet,  and  unproductive. 
Drained  by  the  head  waters  of  Pasumsic  r.  It 
has  2  saw  m,  4  sch.  133  scholars.    Pop.  360. 

Newark,  t.,  Tioga  co.,  N.  Y.,  8  n.  Owego,  161 
w.  s.  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly,  with  fer- 
tile valleys ;  soil,  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  E. 
and  W.  Owego  creeks.  It  has  5  stores,  cap. 
$13,000;  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  5  grist  m., 
20  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $19,840.  511  schol- 
ars in  schools.    Pop.  1,616. 

Newark,  p-v.,  Arcadia  t.,  Wayne  co.,  N.  Y., 
186  w.  by  n.  Albany,  357  W.  Situated  on  the  Erie 
canal,  and  contains  3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1 
Methodist,  and  1  Universalist — 12  stores,  2  ware- 
houses, 1  steam  flouring  m.  and  distillery,  2  steam 
furnaces,  2  carriage  fac,  200  dwellings,  and 
about  1,200  inhabitants. 

Newark,  city,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of  Es- 
sex co.,  N.  J.,  9  w.  New  York,  49  n.  e.  Trenton, 
215  W.  It  is  situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Passaic 
river,  3  ms.  from  its  entrance  into  Newark  bay, 
and  is  the  most  populous  and  flourishing  place  m 
the  state.  It  is  in  40°  44'  n.  lat.,  and  2°  44'  e. 
Ion.  from  W.  The  population  in  1830,  was 
10,950;  in  1840,  17,290.  Of  these,  206  w*re 
employed  in  commerce  ;  2,424  in  manufactures 
and  trades  ;  59  navigating  the  ocean,  rivers,  &c.  ; 
101  in  the  learned  professions. 

The  river  is  navigable  to  this  place  for  vessels 
of  100  tons  burden,  and  the  Morris  canal  passes 
through  it.    There  is  a  communication,  a  largo 


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part  of  the  year,  twice  a  day  by  steamboat  to 
New  York,  and  several  times  a  day  by  railroad. 
The  place  is  regularly  laid  out,  the  streets  are 
generally  broad  and  straight,  and  many  of  the 
houses  are  neat  and  elegant.  Two  large  public 
grounds,  bordered  by  lofty  trees  and  bounded  by 
the  principal  avenues,  add  much  to  the  beauty 
of  the  place.  The  city  is  abundantly  supplied 
with  pure  water  brought  by  a  company  from  a 
fine  spring,  2  miles  distant,  and  distributed  in  the 
city  in  iron  pipes  of  a  total  length  of  7  miles. 
Several  of  the  churches  are  handsome  buildings. 
The  court  house  is  built  of  brown  freestone,  in  a 
commanding  position  in  the  w.  part  of  the  city, 
and  is  a  large  and  elegant  building  of  the  Egyp- 
tian architecture. 

There  are  17  churches — 5  Presbyterian,  1  As- 
sociate Reformed,  2  Baptist,  3  Methodist,  1  Epis- 
copal, 1  Dutch  Reformed,  1  African  Methodist, 
1  Roman  Catholic,  1  Bethel,  and  1  Universalist. 
There  are  3  banks,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of 
$1,450,000,  of  which  not  more  than  two  thirds 
have  been  paid  in.  There  is  an  apprentices' 
library  ;  a  circulating  library  ;  a  mechanics'  asso- 
ciation for  scientific  and  literary  improvement, 
who  have  a  valuable  library  and  philosophical 
apparatus,  and  who  support  public  lectures  ;  and 
a  young  men's  literary  association. 

The  commerce  of  Newark  is  considerable  and 
increasing.  The  coasting  trade  employs  65  ves- 
sels of  100  tons  each.  A  whaling  and  sealing 
company  was  incorporated  in  1833,  which  is 
prosecuting  the  business.  The  tonnage  of  this 
port  in  1840,  was  6,697.  There  were  in  1840,  2 
for.  commercial  and  2  commission  stores,  cap. 
$15,000;  114  retail  stores,  cap.  $321,250;  6  lum- 
ber yards,  cap.  $38,000 ;  fisheries,  cap.  $60,000  ; 
precious  metals,  value  produced  $154,312 ;  man- 
ufactures of  leather,  cap.  $285,951 ;  2  breweries, 
cap.  $13,000;  carriages,  cap.  $218,700;  Sprint- 
ing offices,  2  binderies,  1  daily,  and  3  weekly 
newspapers,  and  3  periodicals,  cap.  $32,300.  To- 
tal cap.  in  manufac.  $1,511,339.  6  acad.  319  stu- 
dents, 30  sch.  1,955  scholars. 

This  town  was  first  settled  in  1666,  by  a  com- 

S.ny  from  Guilford,  Branford,  Milford,  and  New 
aven,  Conn.  They  purchased  the  territory, 
including  several  neighboring  towns,  of  the  In- 
dians for  .£130,  New  England  currency,  12  In- 
dian blankets,  and  12  guns.  They  formed  a 
government,  and  administered  it,  often  disputing 
the  claims  of  the  proprietaries,  by  holding  to  an 
original  and  superior  right. 

Newark,  p-v.,  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  59  n.  by 
w.  Dover,  99  W.  Situated  in  the  w.  part  of  the 
county. 

Newark,  p-v.,  Worcester  co.,  Md.,  123  s.  e. 
Annapolis,  163  W.  Situated  in  the  e.  part  of  the 
county. 

Newark,  p-v.,  capital  of  Licking  co.,  O.,  39  e. 
n.  e.  Columbus,  366  W.  Situated  at  the  conflu- 
ence of  3  principal  branches  of  Licking  r.,  and 
on  the  Ohio  and  Erie  canal,  which  passes  along 
one  of  its  streets.  The  streets  are  from  6  to  8 
rods  wide,  crossing  each,  other  at  right  angles, 
with  a  large  public  square  in  the  centre,  on  which 
is  an  elegant  brick  court  house.  It  has  also  a 
jail,  several  churches,  2  academies,  a  market 
house,  15  stores,  several  large  warehouses,  2 
print. offices,  350  dwellings,  and  2,705  inhabitants. 

Newark,  t.,  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  180  w.  De- 
troit. The  v.  is  situated  on  Kalamazoo  r.,  2  ras. 
from  its  mouth,  in  lake  Michigan.  It  has  a  com- 
modious harbor,  and  contains  several  stores,  a 
warehouse,  a  steam  saw  m.,  and  about  20  dwell- 
ings. The  t.  has  I  tannery,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $102,500.    Pop.  121. 


Newark,  p-v.,  Warrick  co.,  la.  Situated  on 
the  E.  side  of  Big  Pigeon  cr. 

Newark,  p-v.,  La  Salle  co.,  111.,  153  n.  n.  e. 
Springfield,  776  W. 

Newark,  p-v.,  Scotland  co.,  Mo.,  44  n.  Jeffer- 
son City,  958  W.  Situated  on  the  m  E.  side  of 
the  S.  Fabius  r. 

Newark  Valley,  p-v.,  Newark  t.,  Tioga  co., 
N.  Y.,  154  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  235  W.  Situated  on 
East  Owego  cr.,  and  contains  1  Presbyterian  and. 
1  Methodist  church,  a  high  school,  5  stores,  1  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.,  60  dwellings,  and  about  400  inhab- 
itants. 

New  Ashford,  t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  18  n. 
Lenox,  130  w.  by  n.  Boston.  Incorporated  in 
1801.  The  surface  is  mountainous  ;  soil,  adapted 
to  grazing.  Drained  by  head  branches  of  Green 
r.  and  of  Housatonic  r.  Marble  is  found  here.  It 
contains  a  Methodist  church.  It  has  1  tannery,  1 
grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,200.  2 
sch.  45  scholars.     Pop.  227. 

New  Athens,  p-v.,  Athens  t.,  Harrison  co., 
O.,  115  e.  by  N.  Columbus,  291  W.  It  contains  a 
church,  4  stores,  and  about  300  inhabitants,  ex- 
clusive of  students.  It  is  the  seat  of  Franklin  col- 
lege, which  was  founded  in  1825,  has  a  president, 
and  6  professors  or  other  instructors,  84  alumni, 
of  whom  7  have  been  ministers  of  the  gospel,  51 
students,  and  1,900  vols,  in  its  libraries.  The 
commencement  is  on  the  last  Wednesday  in  Sep- 
tember. 

New  Baltimore,]^.,  Greene  co.,  N.  Y.,  15 
s.  Albany,  354  W.  The  surface  is  broken  and 
hilly  ;  soil,  a  fertile  clay  and  sandy  loam,  well 
cultivated.  Drained  by  Dieppe  and  Haivrakraus 
creeks,  flowing  into  Hudson  r.,  which  bounds  it 
on  the  E.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Hudson  river,  and  contains  1  Dutch  Reformed 
church,  4  stores,  2  warehouses,  2  ship-yards  for 
repairing  vessels.  It  has  a  convenient  steamboat 
landing,  and  6  sloops  which  trade  to  New  York. 
There  are  in  the  t.  7  stores,  cap.  $13,700 ;  1  fulling 
m.,  3  tanneries,  1  paper  fac,  1  flouring  m.,  3  grist 
m.,  7  saw.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $31,650.  16  sch. 
637  scholars.    Pop.  2,306. 

New  Baltimore,  p-v.,  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  108 
n.  by  w..  Richmond,  45  W.  It  contains  1  Baptist 
church  in  the  vicinity,  an  academy,  2  stores,  1 
tannery,  about  20  dwellings,  and  120  inhabitants. 

New  Baltimore,  p-v.,  Marlboro  t.,  Stark  co., 
O.,  133  n.  E.  Columbus,  315  W. 

New  Barbadoes,  t.,  Bergen  co.,  N.  J.  The 
surface  is  mostly  level ;  soil,  sandy  loam  and  red 
shale,  and  well  cultivated.  Drained  by  Hacken- 
sack  r.  It  contains  the  v.  of  Hackensack,  the 
capital  of  the  co.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $1,500  ; 
3  lumber  yards,  cap.  $16,000  ;  1  tannery,  1  distil- 
lery, 6  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$9,100.  1  acad.  25  students,  6  sch.  218  scholars. 
Pop.  2,104. 

New  Bedford,  p-t.,  port  of  entry,  and  semi- 
capital  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  2o  s.  s.  e.  Taunton, 
58  s.  Boston,  to  which  it  is  connected  by  railroad, 
431  W.,  in  41°  33' 7"  n.  lat.,  and  70°  55'  49"  w. 
Ion.  Pop.  in  1820,  3,947;  1830,  7,592;  1840, 
12,037.  New  Bedford  is  on  an  arm  of  the  sea, 
which  sets  up  from  Buzzard's  bay.  The  ground 
rises  rapidly  from  the  water,  and  gives  the  upper 
part  of  the  town,  which  contains  many  splendid 
dwellings,  a  commanding  situation.  A  bridge, 
near  the  centre  of  the  place,  connects  it  with 
Fairhaven.  It  contains  a  court  house  ;  4  banks, 
capital  $1,300,000;  3  insurance  offices,  capital 
$350,000 ;  and  a  savings  institution ;  14  churches 
— 1  Baptist,  3  Congregational,  1  Episcopal,  2 
Christian,  1  Friends,  2  Methodist,  1  Roman  Cath- 
olic, 1  Unitarian,  .1.  Universalist,  1  Bethel,  and  1 


NEW 


445 


NEW 


African.  There  are  17  candle  houses  and  oil 
manufactories.  The  harbor  is  safe  and  spacious 
The  surrounding  country  affords  lew  exports, 
and  the  inhabitants  and  capital  of  the  place  are 
chiefly  devoted  to  the  whale  fishery.  Its  ton- 
nage in  1840  was  89,089,  being  the  second  district 
in  this  respect  in  the  stale.  There  were  in  1840, 
174  stores,  cap.  §482,35:) ;  6  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$34,800;  capital  employed  in  the  fisheries, 
$4,512,000  ;  salt  produced,  13,100  bush. ;  3  tanne- 
ries, 4  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  rope  walk,  1  paper 
fac  3  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  2  daily  ana  2 
weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $527,800. 
2  acad.  118  students,  53  sch.  3,455  scholars. 

New  Bedford,  p-v.,  Mahoning  t.,  Mercer  co., 
Pa.,  244  w.  n.  w.  Columbus,  235  W.  It  contains 
a  Presbyterian  church,  2  stores,  and  about  30 
dwellings. 

New  Bedford,  p  v.,  Crawford  t.,  Coshocton 
co.,  O.,  99  n.  e.  Columbus,  333  W.  It  has  1  store 
and  about  30  dwellings. 

New  Benton,  v.,  Smith  t,  Columbiana  co., 
O.     It  has  74  inhabitants. 

Newberg,  p-t.,  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  157  w.  by  s. 
Detroit,  605  W.  It  has  1  saw  m.,  2  sch.  46  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  175. 

New  Berlin,  p-t.,  Chenango  co.,  N.  Y.,  8  n. 
e.  Norwich,  88  w.  Albany,  347  W.  The  surface 
is  undulating  ;  soil,  moist  clay  loam,  adapted  »to 
grass,  and  some  of  it  to  grain.  Drained  by  Una- 
dilla  r.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  w.  bank  of 
Unadilla  r.,  and  contains  4  churches — 1  Presby- 
terian, 1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist— 
8  stores,  1  cotton  fac,  1  grist  m.,  1  tannery,  1  rope 
walk,  1  oil  m.,  1  carding  machine,  1  trip-hammer 
works,  1  brewery,  100  dwellings,  and  about  600 
inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  13  stores,  cap. 
$53,200;  1  fulling  m.,  1  cotton  fac.  4,400  sp.,  4 
tanneries,  1  paper  fac,  1  bindery,  1  weekly  news- 
paper, 5  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$192,700.    23  sch.  765  scholars.    Pop.  3,086. 

New  Berlin,  p-b.,  capital  of  Union  co.,  Pa., 
69  n.  Harrisburg,  179  W.  Situated  on  the  n. 
side  of  Penn's  cr.,  which  affords  water  power. 
It  contains  a  handsome  court  house,  containing 
the  public  offices,  of  brick,  80  feet  long,  a  stone 
jail,  2  neat  churches — 1  common  to  Lutherans  and 
German  Presbyterians,  the  other  Methodist;  3 
stores,  capital  $18,000  ;  2  tanneries,  1  pottery,  1 
printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  1  grist  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac  $11,000.    Pop.  679. 

New  Berlin,  p-v.,  Blair  t.,  Stark  co.,  O.,  129 
n.  e.  Columbus,  318  W. 

New  Berlin,  p-v.,  Milwaukee  co.,  Wis.,  91  e. 
Madison,  818  W. 

New  Berlin  Centre,  p-o.,  New  Berlin  t., 
Chenango  co.,  N.  Y.,  102  w.  Albany,  343  W. 

Newbern,  p-v.,  Greene  co.,  Ala. 

Newbern,  p-v.,  Bartholomew  co.,  la.,  50  s.by 
E.  Indianapolis,  570  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side 
of  Clifty  cr. 

Newbern,  p  v.,Greene  co.,  111.,  83s.  w.  Spring- 
field, 82i)W. 

Newbern,  p-v.,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of 
Craven  co.,  N.  C,  is  situated  on  the  s.  w.  bank 
of  the  Neuse  r.,  at  the  junction  of  the  Trent,  30 
ms.  above  Pamlico  sound,  120  e.  s.  e.  Raleigh, 
100  n.  n.  E.  Wilmington,  348  W.  Pop.  1830 
3,776  ;  1840.  3,690.  It  was  long  the  capital  of 
the  state.  The  Neuse  is  here  a  mile  and  a  half, 
and  the  Trent  three  fourths  of  a  mile  wide.  It 
has  a  court  house,  jail,  a  theatre,  a  masonic  hall, 
2  banks,  and  3  churches — 1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist, 
and  1  Methodist.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  and 
handsomely  built,  and  more  healthy  than  most 
places  in  the  state  so  near  the  seaboard.  It  has 
considerable  trade,  and  exports  grain,  pork,  lum- 


ber, and  naval  stores.  A  steamboat  plies  to  Eliz- 
abeth City,  and  this  connects  witli  tlie  line  from 
Norfolk,  Va.,  to  Charleston,  S.  C.  There  were 
in  1840,  53  stores,  cap.  $379,410;  83,000  barrels 
of  tar,  pitch,  or  turpentine,  2  tanneries,  1  flouring 
m.,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  week- 
ly newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $151,650.  4 
acad.  151  students,  3  sch.  92  scholars. 

Newberry,  districts.  C.  Situated  a  little  n. 
w.  of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  540  sq. 
ms.  Broad  r.  runs  on  its  e.  border,  and  Saluda  r. 
on  its  s.  border,  by  branches  of  which  it  is  wa- 
tered. Much  of  the  soil  is  fertile.  Capital,  New- 
berry. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  19,600, 
sheep  7,183,  swine  35,666 ;  wheat  57,350  bush, 
produced,  rye  708,  Ind.  corn  635,634,  barley  1,129, 
oats  73,185,  potatoes  33,460,  cotton  3,105,107 
pounds ;  34  stores,  cap.  $95,350 ;  4  tanneries,  3 
distilleries,  15  flouring  m.,  18  grist  m.,  18  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $90,350.  3  acad.  134  students, 
29  sch.  757  scholars.  Pop.  whites  8,208,  slaves 
9,904,  free  col'd  238  ;  total,  18,350. 

Newberry,  t.,  York  co.,  Pa.  It  has  7  stores, 
cap.  $21,900  ;  2  tanneries,  7  distilleries,  3  potte- 
ries, 6  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $33,160.     13  sch.  400  scholars.    Pop.  1,850. 

Newberry,  p-v.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  95  n.  Har- 
risburg, 205  W. 

Newberry,  p-t,  Geauga  co.,  O.,  159  n.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 333  W. 

Newberry,  p-v.,  Wayne  county,  Ky.,  119  s. 
Frankfort,  608  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Otter  creek. 

Newberry,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Newberry 
dist.,  S.  C,  40  w.  n.  w.  Columbia,  504  W. 

Newberrytown,  p-v.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  19  s. 
Harrisburg,  105  W. 

New  Bethel,  p-v.,  Marion  co.,  la.,  8  g.  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 579  W. 

New  Bloomfield,  p-b.,  Juniata  t.,  capital  of 
Perry  co.,  Pa.,  34  w.  by  n.  Harrisburg,  126  W. 
It  contains  a  court  house  and  public  offices  of 
brick,  a  stone  jail,  5  stores,  1  Presbyterian  and  1 
Methodist  church,  a  printing  office,  issuing  a 
weekly  newspaper,  about  60  dwellings  and  400 
inhabitants.  Incorporated  as  a  borough  in  1831. 
(See  Bloomfield.) 

New  Bloomfield,  p-v.,  Callaway  co.,Mo.,  11 
N.  by  E.  Jefferson  City,  928  W. 

Newborn,  p-v.,  Newton  co.,  Ga.,  55  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  654  W. 

New  Boston,  p-t.,  Hillsboro'  co.,  N.  H.,  22  s. 
by  w.  Concord,  467  W.  The  surface  is  uneven ; 
soil,  fertile.  It  has  several  ponds.  Watered  by 
a  branch  of  Piscataquoag  river.  Incorporated  in 
1763.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $14,000 ;  1  fulling  m., 
3  tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  19  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $34,630.     18  sch.  558  scholars.    Pop.  1,569. 

New  Boston,  p-v.,  Sandisfield  t.,  Berkshire 
co.,  Mass.,  122  w.  by  s.  Boston,  360  W. 

New  Boston,  p-v.,  Thompson  t.,  Windham 
co.,  Ct.,  48  n.  E.  by  E.  Hartford,  334  W.  Situa- 
ted on  both  sides  of  the  Quinnebaug  r. 

New  Braintree,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
66  w.  Boston,  399  W.  The  surface  is  moderate- 
ly uneven;  soil,  fertile,  adapted  to  grazing. 
Drained  by  Ware  r.,  which  runs  on  its  n.  w.  bor- 
der. It  is  finely  watered  by  springs  and  brooks, 
On  one  of  which,  flowing  into  Ware  r.,  is  a  fertile 
meadow  of  several  hundred  acres.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $2,000;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac  $7,375. 7  sch.  233  scholars.  Pop.  752. 

New  Bremen,  p-v.,  German  t.,  Mercer  co.,  O , 
97  w.  n.  w.  Columbus,  491  W. 

New  Bridge,  p-v.,  Lumpkin  co.,  Ga.,  136  n. 
n.  w.  Milledgeville,  630  W.  Situated  on  the  N. 
side  of  Chestatee  r. 


NEW 


446 


NEW 


New  Bridgeville,  p-o.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  39  s. 
Harrisburg,  101  W. 

New  Brighton,  v.,  Castleton  t.,  Richmond 
co.,  N.  Y.  Delightfully  situated  on  the  n.  end 
of  Staten  Island,  6  ms.  from  New  York,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  a  steam  ferry.  It  con- 
tains a  number  of  elegant  dwellings,  on  ascend- 
ing ground,  and  2  large  hotels,  much  resorted  to 
in  the  summer,  a  young  ladies'  seminary,  and  the 
Sailor's  Snug  Harbor,  1  m.  w.  The  view  of  this 
place  from  New  York,  and  the  view  from  this 
place  of  the  city  and  harbor  is  beautiful. 

New  Brighton,  b.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.  Situated 
on  the  e.  bank  of  Beaver  river,  3  miles  above  its 
mouth,  which  affords  water  power.  It  contains 
6  churches — 1  Methodist,  1  Presbyterian,  1  Asso- 
ciate Reformed,  1  Unionist,  and  2  Friends — 1  fe- 
male seminary,  an  insurance  office,  the  New 
Brighton  Institute,  for  the  promotion  of  literature 
and  science,  and  9  stores.  The  v.  is  regularly 
laid  out,  with  broad  streets,  crossing  each  other 
at  right  angles,  and  has  many  beautiful  residen- 
ces. 2  bridges  cross  the  Beaver,  1  at  each  end 
of  the  v.,  one  to  Brighton  t.,  and  the  other  to 
Fallston  b.  The  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio  canal 
passes  through  it.  There  are  in  the  t.  6  stores, 
cap.  $13,000 ;  1  furnace,  2  fulling  m.,  2  woollen 
fac,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  2 
flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $91,350. 
2  acad.  85  students,  3  sch.  92  scholars.  Pop. 
981. 

New  Britain,  p-v.,  Berlin  t,  Hartford  co.,  Ct., 
10  s.  w.  Hartford,  326  W.  It  contains  3  churches — 
1  Congregational,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Baptist — 45 
factories,  chiefly  of  brass,  employing  700  persons, 
and  a  cap.  of  $650,000 ;  and  about  1,500  inhab- 
itants. 

New  Britain,  p-o.,  New  Lebanon  t.,  Colum- 
bia co.,  N.  Y.,  24  s.  e.  Albany,  363  W. 

New  Britain,  p-t.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  25  n.  w. 
Philadelphia,  96  e.  Harrisburg,  165  W.  The 
surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  sandy  loam.  Drained  by 
branches  of  Neshaminy  cr.,  which  affords  water 
power.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $8,000 ;  1  tannery, 
5  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$9,510.     2  sch.  48  scholars.     Pop.  1,304. 

New  Brunswick,  city,  capital  of  Middlesex 
co.,  N.  J.,  29  s.  w.  New  York,  27  n.  e.  Trenton, 
193  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank  of  Raritan  r., 
14  ms.  from  its  entrance  into  Raritan  bay  at  Am- 
boy.  It  is  the  capital  of  Middlesex  co.,  though  it 
lies  partly  in  Somerset  co.,  Albany-street  form- 
ing the  dividing  line.  The  streets  immediately 
on  the  r.  are  narrow,  and  the  ground  is  low. 
The  streets  on  the  upper  bank  are  wide,  and  con- 
tain many  fine  buildings.  A  toll-bridge  here 
crosses  the  Raritan,  rebuilt  in  1811,  and  cost 
$86,687.  A  railroad  bridge  crosses  the  r.,  a  little 
above.  Incorporated  as  a  city  in  1784.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  7  churches — 1  Dutch 
Reformed,  1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist, 
1  Methodist,  1  colored  Methodist,  and  1  Roman 
Catholic— 2  banks,  120  stores,  800  dwellings,  and 
8,693  inhabitants.  It  is  the  seat  of  Rutgers  Col- 
lege, founded  in  1770,  which  has  a  president,  10 
professors  or  other  instructors,  370  alumni,  of 
whom  77  have  been  ministers  of  the  gospel,  82 
students,  and  1,200  vols,  in  its  libraries.  The 
commencement  is  on  the  third  Wednesday  in 
July.  The  Delaware  and  Raritan  canal  com- 
mences here,  extending  43  ms.  to  Trenton,  is  75 
feet  wide  and  7  feet  deep,  admitting  the  passage 
of  sloops  of  from  75  to  100  tons  burden.  The 
New  Jersey  railroad  passes  through  the  city, 
forming  a  part  of  the  chain  of  railroads  from 
New  \  ork  to  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  and  Wash- 
ington. 


New  Buffalo,  p-o.,  Buffalo  t.,  Perry  co.,  Pa., 
19  n.  by  w.  Harrisburg,  129  W.  Situated  on  the 
Susquehanna  r.,  5  ms.  above  the  entrance  of  the 
Juniata,  where  is  a  ferry  across  the  former. 

New  Buffalo,  p-t.,  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  225  w. 
by  s.  Detroit,  678  W.  The  v.  is  situated  on  a 
point  of  land  between  Galien  r.  and  Lake  Michi- 
gan, and  contains  4  stores,  a  forwarding  and 
commission  house,  about  60  dwellings,  and  400 
inhabitants.  It  forms  the  termination  of  a  pro- 
jected railroad  from  Monroe  across  the  s.  part  of 
the  peninsula.    It  has  1  sch.  10  scholars.  Pop.  123. 

Newburg,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  51  n.  e. 
Augusta,  646  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to 
grain.  Incorporated  in  1819.  Drained  by  a 
branch  of  Sowadabscook  r.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$2,000 ;  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$1,000.    9  sch.  427  scholars.     Pop.  963. 

Newburg,  p-t.,  semi-capital  of  Orange  co.,  N. 
Y.,  60  n.  New  York,  84  s.  by  w.  Albany,  286 
W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  broken  ;  soil,  clay 
and  sandy  loam.  Hudson  r.  bounds  it  on  the  e. 
The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  w.  bank  of 
Hudson  r.,  on  rising  ground.  Incorporated  in 
1800.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  11  churches 
— 2  Presbyterians,  2  Associate  Reformed,  1  Bap- 
tist, 1  Methodist,  1  Episcopal,  1  Dutch  Reformed, 
1  Reformed  Presbyterian,  1  Roman  Catholic,  and 
1  African — 3  banking  houses,  1  academy,  1  high 
school,  a  theological  seminary  of  the  Associate 
Reformed  church,  150  stores,  9  storehouses,  5 
freighting  establishments,  3  flouring  m.,  3  plaster 
m.,  1  brewery,  and  numerous  mechanical  and 
manufacturing  establishments,  1,000  dwellings, 
and  about  6,000  inhabitants.  It  has  4  steamboats 
and  2  freight  barges,  which  run  between  it  and 
New  York  city,  and  I  steamboat  running  to  Al- 
bany, besides  a  number  of  sloops,  trading  to  dif- 
ferent places  on  the  r.  There  is  a  steam  ferry 
between  this  place  and  Fishkill,  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  r.  Washington  had  his  head-quarters 
here,  for  a  time,  during  the  revolutionary  war. 
and  the  house  is  standing  in  which  he  and  his 
family  resided;  and  here  the  American  army 
was  disbanded,  June  23d,  1783.  There  are  in 
the  t.  2  acad.  142  students,  23  sch.  1,283  scholars. 
Pop.  8,933. 

Newburg,  p-v.,  Hopewell  t.,  Cumberland  co., 
Pa.,  41  w.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  109  W.  It  contains 
1  store,  and  10  or  12  dwellings. 

Newburg,  p-t.,  Cuyahoga  co.,  O.,  150  n.  e.  by 
N.  Columbus,  353  W.  The  soil  is  fertile.  The 
v.  is  situated  on  Mill  cr.,  where  is  a  beautiful  wa- 
ter fall,  affording  extensive  water  power.  It 
contains  3  churches,  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.,  1  cloth  dressing  works,  and  a  number  of 
dwellings.  The  stage  road  from  Cleveland  to 
Pittsburg  passes  through  it.  The  t.  has  1  store, 
cap.  $1,000;  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  8  sch.  457 
scholars.     Pop.  1,342. 

Newburg,  t.,  Geauga  co.,  O.  It  has  1  tanne- 
ry, 3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  11  sch.  474  scholars. 
Pop.  1,209. 

Newburg,  t.,  Miami  co.,  O.  It  has  7  stores, 
cap.  $38,000 ;  2  distilleries,  4  flouring  m.,  5  grist 
m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $41,000.  Pop. 
1,302. 

Newburg,  p-v.,  Jefferson  co.,  Ky.,  63  w. 
Frankfort,  605  W.  It  contains  1  church  and 
about  80  inhabitants. 

Newburg,  p-v.,  Warrick  co.,  la.,  183  s.  s.  w. 
Indianapolis,  717  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  bank  of 
the  Ohio  r. 

Newburg,  p-v.,  Franklin  co.,  Ala.,  121  n.  by 
w.  Tuscaloosa,  786  W. 

Newburgh,  p-v.,  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  138  w 
s.  w.  Richmond,  225  W. 


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Newburgh,  p-v.,  Pike  co.,  111.,  65  w.  Spring- 
field, 845  W. 

New  Burlington,  p-v.,  Clinton  co.,  O.,  69  s. 
w.  Columbus,  458  W. 

New  Burlington,  p-v.,  Delaware  co.,  la.,  66 
N.  e.  Indianapolis,  536  W. 

Newbury,  p-t.,  Merrimac  co.,  N.  H.,  30  w.  n. 
w.  Concord,  477  W.  Sunapee  lake  lies  on  its  n. 
w.  border.  The  surface  is  mountainous  and 
rough ;  soil,  hard.  Drained  by  a  branch  of  War- 
ner r.,  flowing  from  a  pond.  Incorporated  in 
1778,  by  the  name  of  Fishersfield ;  received  its 
present  name  in  1837.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,000 ; 
1  tannery,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,600. 
6  sch.  216  scholars.     Pop.  816. 

Newbury,  p-t.,  Orange  co.,  Vt,  36  s.  E.  Mont- 
pelier,  518  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Con- 
necticut r.,  opposite  to  Haverhill,  N.  H.  Char- 
tered in  1763.  It  contains  fine  alluvial  land  on 
the  r.,  and  particularly  a  tract  of  450  acres  in- 
cluded within  the  Great  Oxbow,  a  remarkable 
curve  in  the  r.  Watered  by  Wells  r.  in  its  n. 
part,  which  affords  good  water  power,  near  the 
mouth  of  which  is  a  v.  with  considerable  manu- 
factures. Just  below  this  a  bridge  crosses  Con- 
necticut r.,  and  another  in  the  lower  part  of  the  t. 
leading  to  Haverhill  Corners.  There  is  a  v.  be- 
tween these  bridges,  near  the  Great  Oxbow, 
which  contains  a  Congregational  church,  several 
stores,  and  a  number  of  handsome  dwellings. 
Connecticut  r.  is  boatable  to  the  mouth  of  Wells 
r.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $32,000 ;  3  fulling  m.,  1 
paper  fac,  1  printing  office,  1  bindery,  3  grist  m., 
6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $37,400 ;  1  acad.  389 
students,  21  sch.  865  scholars.     Pop.  2,578. 

Newbury,  t,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  31  n.  by  e. 
Boston,  17  N.  Salem.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of 
Merrimac  r.,  opposite  to  Salisbury,  N.  H.  The 
soil  is  fertile,  and  well  cultivated.  Watered  by 
Parker  r.,  which  has  a  fall  of  nearly  50  feet, 
affording  good  water  power,  and  by  Artichoke  r. 
Plum  island  on  the  Atlantic  shore  is  partly  in 
this  t.,  and  is  about  9  ms.  long  and  1  broad. 
Dummer  Academy,  founded  in  1756,  is  in  the 
parish  of  Byfield,  and  is  richly  endowed.  The 
most  compact  part  joins  Newburyport,  and  con- 
tains about  1,100  inhabitants.  In  the  t.  are  4 
churches.  It  has  15  stores,  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanne- 
ries, 5  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$236,640.  4  acad.  115  students,  14  sch.  757  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  3,789. 

Newbury,  t.,  York  co..  Pa.,  12  :*  York.  The 
surface  is  undulating  ;  soil,  calcareous  loam  and 
gravel.  Conewago  cr.  forms  the  s.  boundary, 
and  Stony  run  and  Beaver  cr.  the  w.  Fishing  cr. 
flows  through  the  n.  K.  corner.  It  has  3  villages. 
There  are  in  the  t.  7  stores,  cap.  $21,900 ;  2  tan- 
neries, 7  distilleries,  3  potteries,  2  flouring  m.,  1 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $26,400. 
13  sch.  400  scholars.     Pop.  1,850. 

Newbury,  t.,  La  Grange  co.,  la.  It  has  2  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,800.  1  sch.  20  scholars. 
Pop.  145. 

Newburyport,  p-t.,  port  of  entry  and  one  of 
the  3  capitals  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  38  n.  by  E. 
Boston,  478  W.  It  is  beautifully  situated  on  a 
gentle  acclivity,  on  the  s.  bank  of  the  Merrimac 
r.,  at  its  entrance  into  the  Atlantic.  It  contains 
a  territory  of  1  m.  square  of  excellent  land.  The 
streets  are  wide,  intersecting  each  other  at  right 
angles,  and  it  has  a  brick  court  house,  a  stone 
jail,  a  custom  house  of  rough  granite,  with  a  fine 
wrought  Grecian  Doric  portico  and  pilasters  on 
the  sides,  which  cost  $25,000;  8  churches— 2 
Presbyterian,  1  Congregational,  1  Independent,  1 
Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist — an  acade- 
my, 3  banks,  with  a  cap.  of  $700,000 ;  besides  a 


bank  for  savings,  3  insurance  companies,  an 
almshouse,  a  lyceum,  and  numerous  vessels  em- 
ployed in  the  cod,  mackerel,  and  whale  fisheries, 
in  which  1,000  persons  are  employed.  The  har- 
bor is  safe  and  spacious,  but  difficult  of  entrance. 
Pop.  in  1830,  6,383  ;  1840,  7,161.  A  fire  in  1811 
consumed  250  buildings,  mostly  dwellings  and 
stores,  with  1  church, — covering  16i  acres  of  the 
most  valuable  part  of  the  place  with  ruins.  Mr. 
Whitefield,  the  celebrated  preacner,  died  here, 
Sept.  30,  1770.  A  monument  in  one  of  the 
churches,  where  his  remains  repose,  records, 
that  "  in  a  ministry  of  34  years,  he  crossed  the 
Atlantic  13  times,  and  preached  more  than  18,000 
sermons."  It  has  12  commercial  and  3  commis- 
sion houses,  cap.  $781,000;  116  stores,  cap. 
$225,200 ;  4  lumber  yards,  cap.  $35,000 ;  4  cot- 
ton fac.  17,736  sp.,  2  distilleries,  3  printing  offices, 
1  daily,  1  weekly,  and  1  semi-weekly  newspa- 
pers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $647,800.  15  acad.  699 
students,  39  sch.  1,332  scholars.    Tonnage  23,965. 

Newby's  Bridge,  p-o.,  Perquimans  co.,  N.  C, 
199  e.  by  N.  Raleigh,  291  W. 

Newby's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Rappahannock 
co.,  Va.,  113  n.  N.  w.  Richmond,  75  W. 

New  Canaan,  p-t.,  Fairfield  co.,  Ct.,  74  s.  w. 
Hartford,  273  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous 
and  rough;  soil,  gravelly  loam,  but  generally 
productive.  Incorporated^  in  1801.  It  has  exten- 
sive manufactures  of  shoes  and  leather.  The  v. 
is  on  elevated  ground,  overlooking  Long  Island 
sound,  and  contains  1  Congregational  and  1  Epis- 
copal church,  and  a  respectable  academy.  Half 
a  mile  s.  is  a  Methodist  church.  Some  interest- 
ing aboriginal  remains  have  been  found  in  the 
vicinity.  It  has  8  stores,  cap.  $39,700 ;  2  fulling 
m.,  3  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $81,700.  2  acad.  63  students,  9  sch. 
561  scholars.    Pop.  2,217. 

New  Canandaigua,  p-o.,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich. 

New  Canton,  p-v.,  Buckingham  co.,  Va.,  64 
w.  Richmond,  133  W.  Situated  on  an  elevated 
bank  of  Slate  cr.,  one  fourth  of  a  mile  from  James 
r.,  of  which  it  commands  a  beautiful  view.  It 
contains  1  Free  church,  3  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1 
tannery,  and  36  dwellings.  Four  miles  w.  are 
the  Virginia  mills,  where  large  quantities  of  flour 
are  manufactured.  Excepting  on  the  r.,  the 
country  around  is  sterile. 

New  Canton,  p-v.,  Hawkins  co.,  Term.,  264 
e.  by  N.  Nashville,  418  W. 

New  Carthage,  p-v.,  Madison  parish,  La.,  284 
n.  w.  New  Orleans,  1,075  W. 

New  Carlisle,  p-v.,  Bethel  t.,  Clark  co.,  O., 
102  w.  Columbus,  496  W.  It  contains  3  churches, 
8  stores,  75  dwellings,  and  about  475  inhabitants. 

New  Carlisle,  p-v.,  St.  Josephs  co.,  la.,  166 
N.  Indianapolis,  652  W. 

New  Castine,  p-v.,  Butler  t.,  Darke  co.,  O., 
102  w.  Columbus,  496  W. 

New  Castle,  county,  Del.  Situated  in  the 
n.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  456  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  toward  the  Delaware  r.,  which  bounds  it 
on  the  E.,  is  low  and  marshy.  Toward  the  w. 
and  N.,  it  is  moderately  hilly.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Drained  by  Naamans,  Brandywine,  Red  Clay, 
Christiana,  St.  George's,  Appoquinnimink,  Black- 
bird, and  Duck  creeks.  The  last  runs  on  its  s. 
border.  The  railroad  from  Philadelphia  to  Bal- 
timore passes  through  it.  Another  railroad  from 
New  Castle,  on  the  Delaware,  extends  to  French- 
town  on  the  Chesapeake.  A  ship  canal  connects 
the  Delaware  with  the  Chesapeake,  about  13* 
ms.  long,  66  feet  wide  at  top,  and  10  feet  deep, 
which  cost  $2,750,000.  Capital,  New  Castle. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  17,450,  sheep 
7,471,  swine  14,094;  wheat  191,724  bush,  pro- 


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448 


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duced,  rye  3,157,  Ind.  corn  599,707,  buckwheat 
7,528,  oats  564,015,  potatoes  84,166,  barley  5,260; 
150  stores,  cap.  $507,550  ;  13  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$72,780 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1 1  cotton 
fee.  24,492  sp.,  4  tanneries,  3  breweries,  27  pow- 
der m.,  2  potteries,  1  paper  fee,  3  printing  offices, 
3  weekly  and  3  semi-weekly  newspapers,  27 
flouring  m.,  30  grist  m.,  29  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac.  $1,354,760.  1  college  23  students,  12  acad. 
479  students,  60  sch.  2,6 1 8  scholars.     Pop.  33, 120. 

New  Castle,  p-t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  35  s.  e. 
Augusta,  603  W.  Situated  between  Damariscot- 
ta  and  Sheepscot  rivers.  Incorporated  in  1735. 
It  contains  a  Congregational  church  and  the  Lin- 
coln Academy.  Damariscotta  r.  is  navigable  for 
large  vessels  15  ms.  from  the  ocean  to  Damaris- 
cotta bridge,  where  is  a  v.  There  are  in  the  t. 
5  stores,  cap.  $10,000;  2  commercial  houses,  cap. 
$220,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fee,  2  tanne- 
ries, 2  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufec.  $3,600.  1  acad.  70  students,  10  sch.  662 
scholars.    Pop.  1,712. 

New  Castle,  p-t.,  Westchester  co.,  N.  Y.,  128 
s.  Albany,  270  W.  The  surface  is  hilly;  soil, 
gravel,  clay,  and  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Cro- 
ton  and  Sawmill  rivers.  It  has  4  sch.  105  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  1,529. 

New  Castle,  t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.  It 
consists  of  an  island  in  Portsmouth  harbor,  con- 
taining 458  acres.  The  surface  is  rough  and 
rocky,  but  the  soil,  where  it  is  accessible,  is  fer- 
tile. Incorporated  in  1693.  It  is  connected  with 
Portsmouth  by  a  handsome  bridge,  and  on  the  N. 
E.  point  are  a  light-house  and  Fort  Constitution. 
It  contains  an  ancient  Congregational  church.  It 
has  1  grist  m.,  2  sch.  125  scholars.    Pop.  742. 

New  Castle,  p-b.,  Neshannock  t.,  Mercer  co., 
Pa.,  234  w.  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  275  W.  Situated 
at  the  confluence  of  Shenango  and  Neshannock 
creeks.  Incorporated  in  1825.  It  contains  4 
churches,  1  female  seminary;  12  stores,  cap. 
$41,933;  1  flouring  m.,  13  saw  m.,  1  rolling  m., 
1  nail  fee,  2  tanneries,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper,  and  about  100  dwellings.  It  is  con- 
nected with  the  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio  canal  by 
the  Erie  extension  canal,  which, passes  by  it.  Iron 
ore  is  found  in  the  vicinity.  Cap.  in  manufec. 
$11,285.  1  acad.  50  students,  3  sch.  120  scholars. 
Pop.  611. 

New  Castle,  p-v.,  capital  of  New  Castle  co., 
Del.,  5  s.  s.  w.  Wilmington,  42  n.  Dover,  115  W. 
Situated  on  the  w.  bank  of  Delaware  r.,  32  s.  w. 
Philadelphia.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
town  house,  market  house,  arsenal,  5  churches — 
1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  2  Methodist,  one 
of  which  is  colored,  and  1  Roman  Catholic — a 
public  library  of  4,000  vols.,  10  stores,  195  dwell- 
ing, and  1,200  inhabitants.  The  New  Castle  and 
Frenchtown  railroad  have  a  large  establishment 
here  for  the  manufacture  of  steam  engines,  loco- 
motives, and  other  things  connected  with  rail- 
roads, including  an  iron  and  brass  foundry,  &e, 
with  a  capital  of  $110,000.  There  are  in  the  h. 
1  acad.  13  students,  8  sch.  354  scholars.  Pop. 
2,737.    Tonnage  in  1840,  3,661. 

New  Castle,  p-v.,  Bottetourt  co.,  Va.,  192  w. 
by  s.  Richmond,  232  W.  Situated  in  the  fork  of 
Craig's  cr.  It  contains  1  Methodist  church,  an 
academy,  3  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  powder  and  oil 
m.,  1  carding  machine,  20  dwellings,  and  about 
110  inhabitants. 

New  Castle,  p-v.,  Wilkes  co.,  N.  C,  157  w. 
by  n.  Raleigh,  364  W. 

New  Castle,  p-v.,  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  174  w. 
s.  w.  Nashville,  859  W. 

New  Castle,  p-v.,  capital  of  Henry  co.,  Ky., 
25  n.  w.  Frankfort,  567  W. 


New  Castle,  p-t.,  Coshocton  co.,  O.,  71  e.  k 
e.  Columbus,  360  W.  It  has  6  stores,  cap 
$16,300  ;  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufec 
$700. 

New  Castle,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Henry  co., 
la.,  47  e.  by  N.  Indianapolis,  534  W.  Situated 
on  Blue  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  an 
academy,  a  public  library,  3  stores,  and  about  40 
dwellings.     10  sch.  359  scholars.     Pop.  528. 

New  Chester,  p-v.,  Strabane  t,  Adams  co., 
Pa.,  31  s.  w.  Harrisburg.  It  contains  1  store,  and 
about  30  dwellings. 

New  Church,  p-o.,  Accomac  co.,  Va.,  219  e. 
by  n.  Richmond,  176  W. 

New  Columbia,  p-v.,  Union  co.,  Pa.,  72  n.  Har- 
risburg, 182  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank  of  the 
w.  branch  of  the  Susquehanna  r.  It  contains  2 
stores,  and  about  35  dwellings. 

New  Comerstown,  p-v.,  Oxford  t.,  Tuscara- 
was co.,  O.,  93  e.  n.  e.  Columbus,  324  W.  It  is 
situated  on  the  n.  bank  of  Tuscarawas  r.,  and  on 
the  Ohio  and  Erie  canal. 

Newcomb,  t.,  Essex  co.,  N.  Y.,  32  s.  w.  Eliza- 
beth, 92  n.  by  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous, embracing  some  of  the  high  peaks  of  the 
Adirondack  mountains.  It  contains  several  beau- 
tiful lakes,  from  which  flow  the  head  waters  of 
the  Hudson,  some  of  which  have  fine  fells.  The 
whole  scenery  is  wild,  romantic,  and  grand.  The 
mountains  abound  with  iron  ore  of  the  best  qual- 
ity. It  has  2  forges,  1  grist  m.,  I  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufec.  $600.     1  sch.  16  scholars.     Pop.  74. 

New  Concord,  p-o.,  Chatham  t.,  Columbia  co., 
N.  Y.,  21  s.  Albany,  359  W. 

New  Concord,  p-v.,  Union  t.,  Muskingum  co., 
O.,  68  E.  Columbus,  325  W.  It  contains  an  acad- 
emy, 3  stores,  about  50  dwellings,  and  300  inhab- 
itants. In  the  vicinity  are  3  churches,  a  fulling 
m.  and  carding  machine,  and  a  grist  m. 

New  Concord,  p-o,  Callaway,  Ky. 

New  Cumberland,  p-b.,  Allen  t.,  Cumberland 
co.,  Pa.,  4  s.  w.  Harrisburg,  111  W.  Situated  on 
Susquehanna  r.,  at  the  confluence  of  Yellow 
Breeches  cr.  Incorporated  in  1831,  and  contains 
2  stores,  cap.  $10,000;  3  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$20,000;  1  tannery,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper.     Cap.  in  manufec.  $2,670.    Pop.  284. 

New  Cumberland,  p-v.,  Warren  t.,  Tusca- 
rawas co.,  O.,  123  E.  n.  e.  Columbus,  309  W. 
Situated  on  the  Ohio  canal,  and  on  the  E.  bank 
of  Conoten  cr.,  and  contains  3  stores,  20  dwellings, 
and  about  19i  inhabitants. 

New  Derry,  p-v.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Va. 

New  Durham,  p-t.,  Strafford  co.,  N.  H,  33  n. 
e.  Concord,  514  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  and 
rough ;  soil,  moist,  and  well  adapted  to  grazing. 
It  has  several  ponds,  the  largest  of  which,  10  ms. 
in  circumference,  has  an  outlet  that  flows  into 
Merrymeeting  bay,  in  Winnipiseogee  lake.  In- 
corporated in  1762.  There  are  in  the  t.  ]  store, 
cap.  $1,000 ;  1  tannery,  5  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufec.  $3,101).     14  sch.     Pop.  1,032. 

New  Durham,  v.,  Bergen  co.,  N.  J.  It  con- 
tains an  academy,  2  stores,  and  25  dwellings. 

New  Echota,  p-v.,  Cass  co.,  Ga.,  166  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  623  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side 
of  Oostanaula  r.,  immediately  below  the  junction 
of  the  Coosawattee  and  Conasauga  rivers. 

New  Egypt,  p-v.,  Upper  Freehold  t.,  Mon- 
mouth co.,  N.  J.,  18  s.  E.  Trenton,  \7J  W.  Situa- 
ted on  Crosswick's  cr.  It  contains  a  Methodist 
church  in  the  vicinity,  3  stores,  and  valuable  grist 
and  saw  m. 

New  England  Village,  p-v..  Worcester  t., 
Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  33  w.  Boston,  404  W. 

New  Fairfield,  p-t.,  Fairfield  co.,  Ct.,  74  s. 
w.  Hartford,  298  W.    It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $6,800 ; 


NEW 


449 


NEW 


1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  in.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$6,3)0.     6  sch.  164  scholars.     Pop.  956. 

New  Fane,  t.,  capital  of  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  12 
n.  w.  Brattleboro,  100  s.  Montpelier.  The  sur- 
face is  uneven;  soil,  fertile.  Chartered  in  1772. 
Watered  by  West  r.  and  its  branches,  which 
afford  water  power.  The  v.,  at  the  centre,  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  a  Congregational  church, 
and  an  academy.  The  situation  is  elevated,  and 
commands  one  of  the  most  extensive  and  pictur- 
esque prospects  in  the  state,  embracing  a  part  at 
least  of  50  towns  in  Vt.,  N.  if.,  and  Mass.  There 
are  in  the  t.  6  stores,  cap.  $15,000;  1  fulling  m., 

2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $4,550.  11  sch.  434  scholars.  Pop. 
1,403. 

New  Fane,  p-t.,  Niagara  co.,  N.  Y.,  279  w.  by 
N.  Albany,  416  W.  The  surface  gently  inclines 
toward  Lake  Ontario,  which  bounds  it  on  the  N. ; 
soil,  sandy  and  argillaceous  loam.  Drained  by 
Eighteen  Mill  cr.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $10,800 :  1 
furnace,  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $27,500.  13  sch.  5 19  scholars. 
Pop.  2,372. 

Newfield,  p-t.,  York  co.,  Me.,  80  s.  w.  by  w. 
Augusta,  531  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to 
grain  and  to  grazing.  Incorporated  in  1794. 
Drained  by  Little  Ossipec  r.  It  has  1  furnace,  4 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,542. 
566  scholars  in  schools.     Pop.  1,351. 

Newfield,  p-t.,  Tompkins  co.,  N.  Y.,  283  w. 
Albany,  410  W.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  in  the 
centre  broken  ;  soil,  a  fertile,  gravelly  loam. 
Drained  by  Cayuta  cr.,  and  the  inlet  of  Cayuga 
lake.  The  v.  contains  1  Presbyterian  church,  3 
stores,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  clothier's  works,  50 
dwellings,  and  about  300  inhabitants.  There  are 
in  the  t.  6  stores,  cap.  $12,600;  2  fulling  m.,  2 
tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  26  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$52,450.    27  sch.  1,088  scholars.     Pop.  3,567. 

Newfound  Lake,  Grafton  co.,  N.  II.,  is  6  ms. 
long  and  2£  broad — lies  in  Hebron,  Alexandria, 
Bridgewater,  and  Bristol,  and  in  the  latter  t.  has 
its  outlet,  which  flows  into  the  Pemigewasset  r. 

Newfoundland,  p-o.,  Morris  co.,  N.  J.,  93  n. 
Trenton,  259  W.    Here  is  a  Presbyterian  church. 

New  Frankfort,  p-v.,  Scott  co.,  la.,  81  s.  by 
E.  Indianapolis,  585  W. 

New  Franklin,  p-v.,  Paris  t.,  Stark  co.,  O., 
140  n.  e.  Columbus,  298  W.  It  contains  2  stores, 
25  dwellings,  and  about  150  inhabitants.  It  is  on 
the  line  of  the  Sandy  and  Beaver  canal. 

New  Franklin,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  la.,  75  n.  n. 
w.  Indianapolis,  637  W. 

New  Garden,  p-t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  32  s.  w. 


Philadelphia,  74  E.g.  k.  Harrisburg,  104  W.  The 

surface  is  level ;  soil,  calcareous  loam.  Drained 
by  Red  Clay  and  While  Clay  creeks.  In  the 
centre  is  a  church.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $13,000 ; 
2  cotton  fac.  3,466  sp.,  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  3 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $43,050.  6 
sch.  150  scholars.     Pop.  1,411. 

New  Garden,  p-o.,  Russell  co.,  Va. 

New  Garden,  p-v.,  Guilford  co.,  N.  C,  98  w. 
n.  w.  Raleigh,  319  W. 

New  Garden,  p-v.,  Hanover  t.,  Columbiana 
co.,  O.,  150  n.  e.  by  e.  Columbus,  238  W. 

New  Garden,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  la.,  73  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 507  W.    Pop.  1,890. 

New  Geneva,  p-v.,  Springfield  t.,  Fayette  co., 
Pa.,  196  w.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  212  W.  Situated 
on  Monongahela  r.,  at  the  junction  of  George  cr. 
It  contains  1  church,  4  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw 
m.,  65  dwellings,  and  about  400  inhabitants. 

New  Germantown,  p-v.,  Tewkesbury  t.,  Hun- 
terdon co.,  N.  J.,  44  n.  by  w.  Trenton,  219  W. 
It  contains  3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Luther- 
an, and  1  Methodist — an  academy,  3  stores,  about 

40  dwellings,  and  259  inhabitants. 

New  Germantown,  p-v.,  Toboyne  t.,  Perry 
co.,  Pa.,  46  w.  Harrisburg,  134  W.  It  contains  2 
German  churches,  2  stores,  25  dwellings,  and 
about  150  inhabitants. 

New  Gilead,  p-v.,  Moose  co.,  N.  C,  101  s.  w. 
Raleigh,  338  W. 

New  Glasgow,  p-v.,  Amherst  co.,  Va.,  119  w. 
Richmond,  171  W.  It  has  an  elevated  situation, 
and  contains  1  free  church,  an  academy,  4  stores, 
1  tannery,  and  about  25  dwellings. 

New  Glocester,  p-t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me., 

41  s.  w.  Augusta,  567  W.  Watered  by  Royal's 
r,,  which  affords  water  power.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile, particularly  on  the  streams,  where  are  ex- 
tensive intervales.  It  contains  5  stores,  capital 
$4,800 ;  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $7,825.  12  sch.  729  scholars.  Pop.  1,946. 

New  Grayson,  p-o.,  Grayson  co.,  Va.,  260  w. 
s.  w.  Richmond,  345  W. 

New  Guilford,  p-v.,  Perry  t.,  Coshocton  co., 
O.,  67  n.  e.  Columbus,  356  W. 

New  Hackensack,  p-o.,  Fishkill  t.,  Dutchess 
co.,  N.  Y.,  79  s.  Albany,  306  W. 

New  Hagerstown,  p-v.,  Orange  t.,  Carroll 
co.,  O.,  114  e.  n.  E.  Columbus,  300  W.  It  con- 
tains 1  church,  3  stores,  1  warehouse,  40  dwell- 
ings, and  about  250  inhabitants. 

New  Hamburg,  p-v.,  Poughkeepsie  t.,  Dutch- 
ess co.,  N.  V.  Situated  on  Hudson  r.,  near  the 
mouth  of  Wappinger's  cr.  A  ferry  here  crosses 
to  Hampton. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


New  Hampshire,  one  of  the  northern  United  States,  is  bounded  n.  by  Lower  Canada ;  e.  by 
Maine ;  s.  E.  by  the  Atlantic,  and  s.  by  Massachusetts  ;  and  w.  by  Vermont,  from  which  it  is  sep- 
arated by  the  western  bank  of  Connecticut  r.  It  is  between  42°  41'  and  45°  11'  n.  lat.,  and  70°  40' 
and  72°  23'  w.  Ion.  It  is  160  miles  long,  and  from  19  to  90  broad,  containing  9,280  square  miles,  or 
5,939,200  acres.  The  population,  in  1790,  was  141,835;  in  1800,  133,858;  in  1810,214,460;  in 
1820,  244,161 ;  in  1830,  269,323 ;  in  1840,  284,574.  Of  these,  139,004  are  free  white  males  ;  145,032 
do.  females  ;  248  free  colored  males ;  290  do.  females.  Engaged  in  agriculture,  77,949 ;  in  com- 
merce, 1,379;  in  manufactures  and  trades,  17,826  ;  navigating  the  ocean,  455  ;  do.  lakes  and  rivers, 
193  ;  learned  professions,  1,640. 

Concord  is  the  seat  of  government,  situated  on  the  Merrimac  r.,  63  ms.  N.  N.  w.  from  Boston,  with 
which  it  has  a  boatable  communication,  by  means  of  the  river  and  the  Middlesex  canal. 

The  state  is  divided  into  10  counties,  which,  with  their  population  and  capitals,  are  as  follows  • 
Rockingham,  45,771,  Portsmouth  and  Exeter;  Merrimac,  36,253,  Concord;  Hillsborough, 
42,494,  Amherst ;  Cheshire,  26,429,  Keene ;  Sullivan,  20,3i0,  Newport;  Strafford,  23,166, 

57 


NEW  450  NEW 


Dover  and  Rochester  ;  Belknap,  17,988,  Guilford;  Carroll,  19,973,  Ossipee  ;  Grafton,  42.311, 
Haverhill  and  Plymouth  ;  Coos,  9,849,  Lancaster.    These  contain  about  323  townships. 

New  Hampshire  has  only  18  ms.  of  seacoast,  and  the  shore  is  generally  a  sandy  beach,  bordered 
in  front  by  salt  marshes,  and  penetrated  by  creeks  and  coves,  suitable  for  harbors  for  small  craft 
There  are  only  two  bluffs  on  the  coast,  Great  and  Little  Boar's  Heads,  both  in  the  town  of  Hamp- 
ton. Portsmouth,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Piscataqua,  is  the  only  harbor  for  ships,  and  it  is  one  of 
the  best  in  the  United  States.  The  land,  for  the  distance  of  20  or  30  miles  from  the  sea,  is  either 
level  or  moderately  uneven.  Beyond  that,  more  elevated  hills  are  found  ;  and  toward  the  north- 
ern part,  the  country  may  be  considered  mountainous,  having  many  elevated  summits,  some  of 
which  are  the  highest  in  the  United  States  east  of  the  Rocky  mountains.  The  principal  chain 
commences  between  the  Connecticut  and  Merrimac  rivers,  and  passes  n.  of  the  sources  of  the 
Merrimac.  This  may  be  considered  as  a  continuation  of  the  great  Alleghany  range.  The  highest 
summits  are  Grand  Monadnock,  toward  the  s.  w.  part  of  the  state,  3,254  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
sea ;  Sunapee  mountain,  near  Sunapee  lake ;  and  further  n.,  Moosehillock,  4,636  feet  high ;  and 
still  further  n.,  the  White  mountains  tower  in  majestic  grandeur  to  the  height  of  6,428  feet,  the 
most  elevated  summit  being  denominated  Mount  Washington.  The  Notch,  in  the  White  moun- 
tains, is  a  great  curiosity,  being  in  some  places  not  more  than  22  feet  wide,  with  lofty  precipices 
on  both  sides,  affording  some  of  the  wildest  and  grandest  scenery  in  nature.  A  road  passes  through 
this  Notch,  being  the  only  place  in  which  it  can  be  passed.  Through  this  road  the  produce  in  the 
n.  part  of  New  Hampshire,  and  the  n.  e.  part  of  Vermont,  finds  a  market  at  Portland ;  and  so  im- 
portant is  this  communication  considered  by  Maine,  that  its  legislature  has  sometimes  made  grants 
for  its  improvement.    One  of  the  head  branches  of  the  Saco  r.  flows  through  the  Notch. 

New  Hampshire  may  be  considered  as  a  fertile  state,  particularly  on  the  margins  of  the  rivers, 
and  especially  of  the  Connecticut.  The  elevated  parts  afford  a  fine  grazing  country,  and  the  val- 
leys are  productive.  The  principal  productions  are  grass,  wheat,  rye,  Indian  corn  ;  and  beef,  pork, 
mutton,  and  butter  and  cheese,  are  produced  in  great  quantities.  According  to  the  census  of  1840, 
there  were  in  New  Hampshire  43,892  horses  and  mules ;  275,562  neat  cattle ;  617,390  sheep ; 
121,671  swine.  Value  of  poultry  produced,  $107,092.  There  were  produced  422,124  bushels  of 
wheat;  121,899  of  barley ;  1,296,114  of  oats  ;  308,148  of  rye  ;  105,103  of  buckwheat;  1,162,572  of 
Indian  corn;  1,260,517  pounds  of  wool;  243,425  pounds  of  hops;  6,206,606  bushels  of  potatoes; 
496,107  tons  of  hay  ;  26i  of  hemp  and  flax ;  1,162,363  pounds  of  sugar.  The  products  of  the  dairy 
were  $1,633,543;  of  the  orchard,  $239,973;  of  lumber,  $433,217. 

The  Merrimac  river  is  made  navigable  by  dams,  locks,  and  canals,  from  Concord  until  it  meets 
the  Middlesex  canal.  By  this  route  much  of  the  produce  of  the  southern  part  of  the  state  finds  a 
market  at  Boston.  In  the  western  part  of  the  state,  much  of  it  goes  down  Connecticut  river  to 
Hartford.  In  the  upper  counties  the  market  is  extensively  at  Portland,  Me.  Portsmouth  is  the 
most  commercial  place  in  the  state.  The  principal  articles  of  export  are  lumber,  fish,  beef,  pork, 
horses,  neat  cattle,  sheep,  flax  seed,  and  pot  and  pearl  ashes. 

The  climate  of  New  Hampshire  is  subject  to  great  extremes  of  heat  and  cold,  hut  the  air  is  gen- 
erally salubrious.  In  the  month  of  November  the  rivers  are  generally  frozen,  and  the  snow  usually 
lies  until  April,  and  in  the  northern  and  mountainous  parts  until  May. 

The  largest  rivers  in  this  state  are  the  Connecticut,  made  boatable  to  the  15  mile  falls,  at  Bath, 
N.  H,  250  ms.  above  Hartford,  Ct. ;  the  Merrimac,  boatable  to  Concord.  The  Saco,  the  Andros- 
coggin, and  the  Piscataqua,  rise  and  run,  in  part,  in  this  state.  The  other  rivers  are  the  Upper  and 
Lower  Ammonoosuc,  Sugar,  Ashuelot,  Contoocook,  Maragallaway,  and  Nashua.  By  means  of 
the  Piscataqua,  a  sloop  navigation  is  opened  to  Newmarket,  Durham,  and  Exeter. 

The  lakes  are  numerous  and  picturesque.  Lake  Winnipiseogee,  near  the  centre  of  the  state, 
23  miles  long,  and  from  2  to  10  broad  ;  Umbagog,  which  lies  partly  in  Maine  ;  Ossipee,  Sunapee, 
Squam,  and  Newfound,  are  the  principal. 

The  harbor  of  Portsmouth  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  world,  protected  from  storms,  has  40  feet  of 
water  at  low  tide,  is  easily  defended,  and  easily  accessible  for  the  largest  ships.  This  is  the  great- 
est commercial  place  in  the  state.  The  other  principal  towns  are  Dover,  Concord,  Nashua,  Keene, 
Exeter,  Manchester,  Peterborough,  Walpole,  Claremont,  Gilmanton,  Meredith,  Hanover,  and 
Haverhill. 

The  exports  for  the  year  ending  September,  1810,  amounted  to  $20,761 ;  and  the  imports  to 
$114,647.  There  were  18  commercial  and  6  commission  houses  engaged  in  foreign  trade,  with  a 
capital  of  $1,330,600 ;  1,075  retail  drygoods  and  other  stores,  employing  a  capital  of  $2,602,422 ; 
117  persons  engaged  in  internal  transportation,  who,  with  33  butchers,  packers,  &c,  employed  a 
capital  of  $51,120 ;  626  persons  employed  in  the  lumber  trade,  with  a  capital  of  $29,000 ;  399  per- 
sons employed  in  the  fisheries,  with  a  capital  of  $59,680. 

There  were  in  1840,  home-made,  or  family  goods,  manufactured  to  the  amount  of  $533,303. 
There  were  66  woollen  manufactories,  and  152  fulling  mills,  employing  893  persons,  producing 
goods  to  the  amount  of  $795,784,  with  a  capital  of  $740,345 ;  58  cotton  manufactories,  with  195,173 


NEW  451  NEW 


spindles,  employing  6,991  persons,  producing  goods  to  the  value  of  $4,142,301,  and  employing  a 
capital  of  $5,523,200 ;  15  furnaces  produced  1,320  tons  of  cast  iron,  and  2  forges  125  tons  of  bur  iron, 
together  employing  121  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $93,200  ;  1  smelting  house,  employing  2  persons, 
produced  1,000  pounds  of  lead ;  13  paper  manufactories  produced  articles  to  the  amount  of  $150,600, 
and  other  paper  manufactories  to  the  amount  of  $1,500,  the  whole  employing  111  persons,  with  a 
capital  of  $104,300;  hats  and  caps  were  manufactured  to  the  amount  of  $190,526,  and  straw  bon- 
nets to  the  amount  of  $9,379,  together  employing  2,048  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $48,852;  17  per- 
sons manufactured  tobacco  to  the  amount  of  $10,500,  with  a  capital  of  $2,100;  251  tanneries  em- 
ployed 776  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $386,402;  2,131  other  manufactories  of  leather,  as  saddleries, 
&c,  produced  articles  to  the  value  of  $712,151,  and  employed  a  capital  of  $230,649;  5  distilleries 
produced  51,244  gallons,  1  brewery  3,000  do.,  together  employing  7  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $15,998 ; 
3  glass  houses  employed  85  persons,  producing  to  the  amount  of  $47,000,  with  a  capital  of  $44,000 ; 
14  potteries  employed  29  persons,  producing  $19,100,  with  a  capital  of  $6,840  ;  20  persons  manu- 
factured soap  to  the  amount  of  10,900  pounds,  and  tallow  candles  to  the  amount  of  23,815  pounds 
and  spermaceti  or  wax  candles  to  the  amount  of  50,000  pounds,  with  a  capital  of  $13,550;  191  per 
sons  produced  machinery  to  the  value  of  $106,814 ;  47  persons  produced  musical  instruments  tc 
the  amount  of  $26,750,  with  a  capital  of  $14,050;  197  persons  manufactured  hardware  and  cutlery 
to  the  amount  of  $124,460 ;  55  persons  manufactured  granite  and  marble  to  the  amount  of  $21,918 ; 
236  persons  manufactured  bricks  and  lime  to  the  amount  of  $63,166;  450  persons  produced  car- 
riages and  wagons  to  the  amount  of  $232,240,  employing  a  capital  of  $114,762;  7  powder  mills 
employing  11  persons,  produced  185,000  pounds  of  gunpowder,  with  a  capital  of  $53,000;  mills  of 
various  kinds  employed  1,296  persons,  and  produced  articles  to  the  value  of  $753,260,  with  a  capi- 
tal of  $1,149,193  ;  ships  were  built  to  the  amount  of  $73,000;  the  manufacture  of  furniture  em- 
ployed 233  persons,  producing  articles  worth  $105,827,  and  employing  a  capital  of  $59,984.  There 
were  built  90  brick  and  434  wood  houses,  employing  935  persons,  valued  at  $170,715.  There 
were  36  printing  offices,  22  binderies,  27  weekly  newspapers,  6  periodicals,  the  whole  employing 
256  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $110,850.  The  whole  amount  of  capital  employed  in  manufactures 
was  $9,252,443. 

The  principal  literary  institution  in  the  state  is  Dartmouth  College,  in  Hanover,  founded  in  1770 
and  has  attached  to  it  a  flourishing  medical  department.  The  Gilmanton  Theological  Seminary,  at 
Gilmanton,  was  founded  in  1835.  In  these  institutions  there  were  in  1840,  433  students.  There 
are  in  the  state  63  academies,  with  5,799  students;  and  2,127  common  and  primary  schools,  with 
82,632  scholars.  In  the  state  there  were  942  white  persons,  over  20  years  of  age,  who  could  nei- 
ther read  nor  write. 

The  principal  religious  denominations  are  the  Congregationalists,  Baptists,  and  Methodists.  In 
1836,  the  Congregationalists  had  159  churches,  142  ministers,  and  18,982  communicants ;  the  Bap- 
tists had  90  churches,  64  ordained  ministers,  and  6,505  communicants.  The  Free-will  Baptists  had 
100  congregations,  and  81  ministers.  The  Methodists  had  75  ministers.  Besides  these,  there  are 
Presbyterians,  Unitarians,  Universalists,  Episcopalians,  some  Roman  Catholics,  and  2  societies  of 
Shakers. 

In  June,  1839,  there  were  in  the  state  28  banks,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $2,939,508,  having 
a  circulation  of  $1,439,519.    This  is  one  of  the  few  states  that  has  no  public  debt. 

There  is  a  state  prison  at  Concord. 

A  constitution  was  formed  in  1784,  and  in  1792  this  constitution  was  altered  and  amended  to  its 
present  form.  The  legislature,  consisting  of  a  senate  and  house  of  representatives,  is  styled  the 
General  Court  of  New  Hampshire.  Every  town,  or  incorporated  township,  having  150  ratable 
polls,  may  send  one  representative  ;  and  for  every  300  additional  polls  is  entitled  to  an  additional 
representative.  The  senate  consists  of  12  members,  chosen  by  the  people  in  districts.  The  exec- 
utive power  is  vested  in  a  governor  and  a  council  of  five  members.  The  governor,  council,  sena- 
tors, and  representatives,  are  all  elected  annually  by  the  people  on  the  second  Tuesday  in  March, 
and  their  term  of  service  commences  on  the  first  Wednesday  in  June.  The  General  Court  meets 
annually,  at  Concord,  on  the  first  Wednesday  in  June.  Every  male  inhabitant,  of  21  years  of  age, 
enjoys  the  right  of  suffrage,  excepting  paupers,  and  persons  excused  from  paying  taxes  at  their  own 
request.  The  judiciary  power  is  vested  in  a  supreme  court  and  a  court  of  common  pleas.  The 
'udges  are  appointed  by  the  governor  and  council,  and  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior,  but 
not  beyond  the  age  of  70  years. 

The  internal  improvements  of  this  state  relate  chiefly  to  the  improvement  of  the  Merrimac  river, 
by  dams,  locks,  and  short  canals.  They  are— Bow  falls,  3  miles  below  Concord,  I  of  a  mile  long ; 
Hookset  falls,  one  eighth  of  a  mile  ;  Amoskeag  falls,  1  mile;  Union  falls,  9  miles;  and  Sewell's 
falls,  i  of  a  mile.  The  Eastern  railroad  extends  from  Massachusetts  line  to  Portsmouth,  15 1  mdes ; 
the  Nashua  and  Lowel  railroad,  from  Nashua,  N.  H.,  to  Lowell,  Mass.,  incorporated  in  1836.  The 
Boston  and  Maine  railroad  extends  from  Massachusetts  line  to  Exeter,  14  miles. 

New  Hampshire  was  first  granted  to  Ferdinando  Gorges,  in  1622,  and  was  first  settled  at  Dover 


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and  Portsmouth  in  1623.  It  came  voluntarily  under  the  jurisdiction  of  Massachusetts  in  1641,  but 
was  made  a  separate  province,  by  an  act  of  Charles  II.,  in  1679.  It  was  several  times  afterwards 
connected  with  Massachusetts,  until  1741,  since  which  time  it  has  remained  a  separate  state. 


New  Hampton,  p-t.,  Belknap  co.,  N.  H.,  29  n. 
w.  Concord,  510  VV.  Pemigewasset  r.  washes  its 
w.  boundary,  and  across  it  is  a  bridge  to  Bristol. 
The  surface  is  uneven  and  broken;  soil,  very 
fertile.  Incorporated  in  1777.  It  contains  a  flour- 
ishing academy.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $8,200  ;  2 
fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  5  cotton  fac.  22,699  sp., 
4  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  1  acad.  363  stu- 
dents, 16  sch.  717  scholars.     Pop.  1,809. 

New  Hampton,  p-v.,  Lebanon  t.,  Hunterdon 
co.,  N.  J.,  47  N.  Trenton,  204  W.  Situated  on 
the  s.  side  of  Musconetcong  cr.  It  contains  2 
stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  about  25  dwell- 
ings. 

New  Hanover,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in 
the  s.  e.  part  of  the  state,  bounded  s.  e.  by  the 
Atlantic,  and  contains  995  sq.  ms.  Drained  by 
the  n.  e.  branch  of  Cape  Fear  r.  and  its  tributa- 
ries. A  large  swamp  lies  in  its  e.  part.  Along 
the  Atlantic  shore  are  long,  low,  and  narrow  isl- 
ands, with  occasional  inlets.  Capital,  Wilming- 
ton. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  U,6l>5, 
sheep  4,789,  swine  24,859  ;  wheat  469  bush,  pro- 
duced, Ind.  corn  200,423,  buckwheat  18,  potatoes 
114,014,  rice  1,467,600  pounds,  cotton  28,566;  2 
commercial  and  11  commission  houses,  capital 
$100,000  ;  58  stores,  cap.  $322,140;  1  tannery,  2 
distilleries,  49  grist  m.,  22  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  2 
printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $305,535.  6  acad.  216  students,  10  sch. 
223  scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,371,  slaves  6,376, 
free  col'd  565  ;  total,  13,312. 

New  Hanover,  p-t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  74 
E.  Harrisburg,  150  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil, 
loam  and  red  shale,  tolerably  productive.  Drained 
by  Swamp  creek,  on  which  is  a  small  v.,  with  2 
churches.  The  population  is  chiefly  German.  It 
has  1  store,  cap.  $2,000 ;  2  tanneries,  1  pottery,  4 
grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$6,575.     Pop.  1,419. 

New  Harmony,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Ky.,  143  s. 
s.  w.  Frankfort,  656  W. 

New  Harmony,  p-v.,  Posey  co.,  la.,  172  s.  w. 
Indianapolis,  742  W.  It  was  founded  in  1814 
by  a  society  of  Germans,  from  Swabiu,  called 
"  Harmonists,"  who  removed  from  Butler  co.,  Pa., 
under  George  Rapp.  Their  society  was  founded 
on  a  community  of  goods  ;  but  the  climate  proving 
unfavorable,  they  returned  to  Pa.,  and  settled  at 
Economy,  Ohio  t.,  Beaver  co.,  18  miles  below 
Pittsburgh,  on  the  Ohio  r.     (See  Economy.) 

New  Harrisburg,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  O.,  130  e. 
n.  e.  Columbus,  301  W. 

New  Hartford,  p-t.,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct.,  20  w. 
by  n.  Hartford,  344  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
mountainous  ;  soil,  a  gravelly  loam,  or  a  coarse 
gravel,  abounding  with  stones,  adapted  to  grazing. 
Watered  by  Farmington  r.  It  has  2  villages,  and 
contains  3  churches — 2  Congregational  and  1 
Baptist.  The  villages  are  on  Farmington  r.,  and 
each  contains  about  30  dwellings,  and  several 
mills  and  manufactories.  It  has  6  stores,  capital 
$18,000 ;  2  furnaces,  4  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
1  tannery,  2  paper  m.,  3  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $361,350.  2  acad.  61  students,  11 
sch.  424  scholars.     Pop.  1,703. 

New  Hartford,  p-t.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  4  w. 
Utica,  95  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  384  W.  The  sur- 
face is  diversified  with  gently  rising  hills,  and 
beautiful  valleys,  productive  and  well  cultivated. 
The  soil  is  a  rich  calcareous  loam.  Drained  by 
Sadaquada  cr,,  &  fine  mill  stream.    The  v.  is 


situated  on  this  cr.,  and  contains  4  churches — 1 
Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist,  and  1 
Universalist — a  female  seminary,  6  stores,  3  cot- 
ton fac,  1  grist  m.,  1  trip-hammer  works,  1  bleach- 
ing and  dyeing  establishment,  100  dwellings,  and 
about  800  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  13 
stores,  cap.  $3J,850;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
5  cotton  lac  14,164  sp.,  1  tannery,  1  paper  fac, 
3  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $361,732. 
18  sch.  960  scholars.     Pop.  3,819. 

New  Hartford,  p-v.,  Pike  co.,  111.,  76  w.  by 
s.  Springfield,  856  W. 

New  Hartford  Centre,  p-v.,  New  Hart- 
ford t.,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct.,  18  w.  by  n.  Hartford, 
341  W.  It  contains  a  Baptist  church  and  several 
factories. 

New  Haven,  county,  Ct.  Situated  in  the  s. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  540  sq.  ms.  Long 
Island  sound  bounds  it  on  the  s.  Housatonic  r. 
runs  on  its  s.  w.  border,  and  separates  it  from 
Fairfield  co.  The  surface  is  generally  uneven. 
Two  mountain  ranges  terminate  at  East  Rock 
and  West  Rock,  near  New  Haven.  The  soil  is 
various,  much  of  it  a  light  sandy  loam,  but  some 
of  it  strong  and  fertile.  Drained  by  Naugatuck, 
Quinnipiac,  Pomperaug,  West,  Mill,  and  Me- 
nunkatuck  rivers.  Capital,  New  Haven.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  31,627,  sheep  41,392, 
swine  17,234 ;  wheat  7,032  bush,  produced,  rye 
129,391,  Ind.  corn  234,548,  buckwheat  30,031, 
barley  2,731,  oats  167,640,  potatoes  481,941, 
sugar  1,261  pounds;  6  commercial  and  2  com. 
houses  in  for.  trade,  cap.  $132,000 ;  342  stores, 
cap.  $1,223,745  ;  14  lumberyards,  cap.  $149,000  ; 
3  rope  fac,  26  fulling  m.,  14  woollen  fac,  4  cot- 
ton fac  3,358  sp.,  27  tanneries,  22  distilleries,  1 
pottery,  2  flouring  m.,  48  grist  m.,  93  saw  m.,  3 
paper  fac,  9  printing  offices,  5  binderies,  4  pe- 
riodicals, 2  daily,  5  weekly,  2  tri-weekly  news- 
papers. Cap.  in  manufac  $2,545,679.  1  college, 
561  students,  32  acad.  1,030  students,  242  sch. 
9,339  scholars.     Pop.  48,619. 

New  Haven,  p-t.,  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  60  w. 
Montpelier,  489  W.  The  surface  is  moderately 
uneven  ;  soil,  mar],  clay,  and  loam,  and  fertile. 
Watered  by  Otter  creek,  Middlebury  r.,  and  Little 
Otter  cr.,  which  afford  good  water  power.  It 
contains  a  small  v.  in  which  is  a  Congregational 
church.  Chartered  in  1761.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $19,000  ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tan- 
neries, 1  pottery,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $19,800.  12  sch.  630  scholars.  Pop. 
1,503. 

New  Haven,  a  city  and  seaport,  capital  of 
N.  Haven  co.,  and  semi-capital  of  Connecticut, 
lies  round  the  head  of  a  bay  which  sets  up  4 
miles  from  Long  Island  sound,  and  is  in  41°  18' 
n.  lat.,  and  72°  56'  w.  Ion.  from  Greenwich,  and 
3°  53'  e.  Ion.  from  W.  It  is  36  miles  s.  by  w. 
from  Hartford,  52  w.  from  New  London,  76  n.  e. 
from  New  York,  134  w.  s.  w.  from  Boston,  and  300 
from  W.  The  population  of  the  city  in  1810 
was  5,772;  in  1820,  7,147;  in  1830,  10,180;  in 
1840,  12,960.  Of  these  474  were  employed  in 
commerce  ;  1,653  in  manufactures  and  trades ; 
306  in  navigating  the  ocean,  rivers,  &c. ;  245  hi 
learned  professions. 

The  city  is  on  a  beautiful  plain,  with  a  slight 
inclination  toward  the  water,  and  skirted  in  other 
directions  by  an  amphitheatre  of  hills,  two  of 
which  consist  of  bold  rocky  eminences,  called 
East  and  West  rock,  which  present  fronts  nearly 


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perpendicular,  from  33J  to  370  leet  hiech.  The 
tops  of  these  2  elevations  afford  beautiful  views, 
not  only  of  the  city  and  the  surrounding  country, 
but  of  Long  Island  sound,  terminated  by  the 
island  fading  in  the  distance.  Two  mail  rivers, 
West  river  on  the  west,  and  Quinnipiac  on  the 
east,  bound  this  plain.  The  city  extends  about 
3  miles  from  e.  to  w.,  and  2  from  s.  to  N.  It  is 
laid  out  with  great  regularity,  and  consists  of  2 
parts,  the  old  town,  and  the  new  township.  The 
old  town  was  laid  out  in  the  form  of  a  square, 
half  a  mile  on  a  side,  divided  into  9  smaller 
squares,  each  52  rods  on  a  side,  separated  by 
streets  4  rods  in  width.  The  squares  have 
generally  been  divided  into  4  parts,  by  streets 
intersecting  them.  The  central  square  was  re- 
served for  public  purposes,  and  is  divided  into  2 
parts  by  Temple-street.  The  eastern  half  of 
this  square  is  unoccupied  by  buildings,  but  orna- 
mented by  lofty  trees.  On  the  square  on  the 
w.  side  of  Temple-street  are  3  elegant  churches 
— 2  Congregational,  of  brick,  and  1  Episcopal,  of 
stone,  the  latter  of  Gothic  architecture,  and  a 
finer  row  of  churches  are  nowhere  found  in  the 
United  States.  A  little  to  the  west  of  Temple- 
street,  on  the  western  half  of  the  square,  is  the 
state  house,  a  large  and  splendid  edifice,  of 
Grecian  architecture,  built  of  brick.  On  the  n. 
e.  corner  of  the  square  is  the  Methodist  church, 
a  plain  building  of  brick.  On  the  w.  side  of  the 
square,  and  fronting  toward  the  e.,  is  the  fine 
row  of  buildings  belonging  to  Yale  College,  of 
very  commanding  appearance,  with  handsome 
trees  in  front.  Tlie  whole  square,  with  its 
fine  public  buildings,  and  its  lofty  and  graceful 
elms,  presents  an  assemblage  of  beauty  unsur- 
passed by  any  public  ground  of  any  city  in  the 
country.  The  houses  of  the  city  are  generally 
built  of  wood,  and  neatly  painted,  and  surround- 
ed by  court  yards  and  gardens,  ornamented  by 
shrubbery  and  fruit  trees ;  but  many  of  the 
houses  recently  built  are  of  brick,  and  construct- 
ed generally  with  elegance  and  taste.  The  whole 
city  has  a  quiet  and  rural  aspect,  scarcely  else- 
where to  be  found  in  so  large  a  place.  The  new 
township  is  regularly  laid  out  and  finely  built, 
and  has  a  fine  public  ground  called  Wooster 
square,  containing  5  acres.  At  the  N.  E.  corner 
of  the  old  town  is  the  public  cemetery,  contain- 
ing over  17  acres,  intersected  by  avenues  and 
alleys  at  right  angles  with  each  other,  and  divi- 
ded into  family  lots,  32  feet  in  length  and  18 
feet  broad.  All  the  avenues  and  alleys  are  bor- 
dered by  railings  painted  white,  with  the  names 
of  the  owners  of  the  lots  inscribed  on  them.  The 
cemetery  contains  many  elegant  monuments, 
and  is  beautifully  ornamented  by  shrubbery, 
and  deservedly  attracts  much  public  attention. 

The  city  contains  about  6  square  miles;  the 
whole  township  contains  8';  and  a  small  village 
called  Westville,  at  the  foot  of  West  Rock  on  the 
w.,  and  about  half  of  the  village  of  Fairhaven  on 
the  e.,  are  within  the  town,  but  not  within  the 
city  limits. 

The  harbor  of  New  Haven  is  safe  but  shallow, 
and  gradually  filling  up  with  mud.  It  has  about 
7  feet  of  water  on  the  bar  at  low  tide,  and  the 
common  tides  rise  to  6  feet,  and  the  spring  tides 
about  7  or  8  feet.  Long  wharf  is  3,943  feet  in 
length,  the  longest  in  the  United  States.  There 
is  a  less  depth  of  water  at  its  termination  now, 
than  there  was  in  1765,  when  it  was  only  20 
rods  long.  There  is  another  wharf  which  has  a 
basin,  in  which,  by  means  of  flood  gates,  the 
water  is  always  kept  at  the  elevation  of  high 
tide.  The  maritime  commerce  of  New  Haven 
is  more  extensive  than  that  of  any  other  city  in 


Connecticut,  its  foreign  and  coasting  trade  being 
both  considerable.  The  sealing  business,  con- 
nected with  the  China  trade,  formerly  brought 
considerable  wealth  into  the  city.  At  present 
its  foreign  trade  is  chiefly  with  the  West  Indies. 
The  tonnage  of  the  port  in  1840,  was  11,500.  A 
line  of  steamboats  connects  this  city  with  New 
York,  and  also  several  lines  of  packets.  The 
Farmington  canal  connects  this  place  with  North- 
ampton, Mass.,  and  Connecticut  river  near  it; 
and  a  railroad  connects  it  with  Hartford.  The 
town  contains  20  houses  of  public  worship,  viz  : 
9  Congregational,  3  Methodist,  3  Episcopal,  2 
Baptist,  1  Catholic,  2  colored  Methodist,  1  color- 
ed Congregational.  There  are  also  a  custom 
house,  an  almshouse,  a  jail,  a  museum,  4  banks, 
and  a  savings  institution,  various  benevolent  so- 
cieties, the  Young  Men's  Institute,  and  an  in- 
stitution for  popular  lectures,  with  one  of  the 
best  selected  libraries  in  the  Union.  The 
State  Hospital,  founded  in  1832,  is  about  half 
a  mile  s.  w.  from  the  centre  of  the  city,  and  has 
a  fine  edifice  with  a  colonnade.  But  the  most 
important  public  institution  in  the  city  is  Yale 
College,  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  extensive  in- 
stitutions of  the  kind  in  the  United  Slates.  With- 
out large  funds,  it  has  accomplished  great  things. 
It  was  founded  in  1701,  originally  at  Killingworth. 
It  was  removed  to  Saybrook  in  1707,  and  to 
New  Haven  in  1717.  There  are  4  college  halls 
100  feet  by  40,  4  stories  high,  containing  32 
rooms  each  for  students  ;  and  n.  of  these  i3  another 
hall  devoted  to  the  use  of  the  theological  stu- 
dents ;  there  is  a  chapel,  in  which  is  one  story 
appropriated  to  religious  worship,  and  one  to  the 
college  library ;  and  two  other  buildings,  called 
the  Athenaeum,  and  the  Lyceum,  appropriated  to 
recitation  and  lecture  rooms,  rooms  for  the  pro- 
fessors, and  for  the  libraries  of  the  literary  so- 
cieties. These  are  all  of  brick ;  and  the  build- 
ings intermediate  between  the  college  halls, 
have  neat  cupolas  :  one  of  which  is  after  the 
model  of  the  Temple  of  the  Winds,  fitted  up  for  the 
use  of  a  splendid  telescope.  In  the  rear  of  these 
is  another  range  of  buildings,  consisting  of  the 
chemical  laboratory  ;  the  commons  hall  in  the 
second  story,  of  which  is  a  spacious  apartment 
devoted  to  the  most  splendid  mineralogical  cab- 
inet in  the  United  States,  containing  more  than 
16,000  specimens,  many  of  them  rare  ;  and  a  stone 
building  stuccoed,  and  containing  a  splendid  col- 
lection of  paintings  by  Col.  Trumbull  and  others. 
A  short  distance  from  these  are  the  buildings  de- 
voted to  the  law  and  medical  departments,  the 
latter  of  which  has  an  anatomical  museum  and 
a  library.  Yale  College  has  more  students,  and 
has  educated  more  men  than  any  other  college 
in  the  country.  In  1841,  the  officers  were  30  in 
number.  Of  these,  besides  the  president,  17 
were  professors,  and  the  remainder  were  tutors 
or  subordinate  officers:  15  are  connected  with 
the  college  proper.  The  whole  number  of  stu- 
dents of  all  descriptions  was  550.  Of  these  410 
were  undergraduates;  59  theological  students; 
31  law  ;  47  medical ;  and  3  resident  graduates. 
The  whole  number  of  graduates  is  over  5,000,  of 
whom  nearly  1,400  were  ministers.  The  ""!£* 
ber  of  volumes  in  the  various  libraries  is  3J,uov, 
among  which  are  many  old  and  rare,  as  well  as 
many  splendid  modern  works.  The  commence- 
ment is  on  the  third  Wednesday  in  August. 

New  Haven  has  many  subordinate  seminaries, 
both  male  and  female,  of  high  reputation  1  here 
were  in  1842,  11  select  schools  for  males,  1  ex- 
cellent Lancastrian  school  for  boys,  1  do.  for 
girls,  and  10  female  seminaries,  besides  several 
district  or  common  schools  of  less  note. 


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The  manufactures  of  New  Haven  are  numer- 
ous and  extensive.  There  were  in  1840,  6  for. 
commercial  and  2  commission  houses,  with  a 
cap.  of  $132,000  ;  204  retail  stores,  with  a  cap.  of 
$867,600;  10  lumber  yards,  cap.  $126,000;  ma- 
chinery produced,  valued  at  $50,000  ;  hardware 
and  cutlery,  $81,500 ;  1  woollen  fac,  cap.  $20,000  ; 
5  tanneries,  cap.  $50,000  ;  1  pottery,  cap.  $3,000  ; 
1  ropewalk,  cap.  $2,000 ;  carriages  to  the  amount 
of  $234,031 ;  9  printing  offices,  5  binderies,  2 
daily,  5  weekly,  2  tri-weekly  newspapers,  and 
4  periodicals,  cap.  $134,300.  Total  capital  in 
manufac.  $921,200.  1  college,  561  students,  13 
acad.  385  students,  27  sch.  1,119  scholars. 

New  Haven  was  first  settled  in  1638  by  a 
colony  under  Theophilus  Eaton,  the  first  gov- 
ernor, and  John  Davenport,  the  first  minister, 
whom  Cotton  Mather  denominated  the  "  Moses 
and  Aaron"  of  the  settlement.  In  1665,  this 
colony  was  united  by  a  royal  charter  to  Con- 
necticut. In  1784,  New  Haven  was  chartered 
as  a  city.  In  July,  1779,  the  city  was  invaded 
and  plundered  by  about  3,000  British  troops 
from  New  York,  under  Generals  Tryon  and 
Garth,  after  a  feeble  opposition  on  the  part  of 
the  inhabitants. 

New  Haven,  p-t.,  Oswego  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  e. 
Oswego,  161  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  383  W.  The 
surface  is  undulating  ;  soil,  sandy  loam,  adapted 
to  grass,  and  very  productive.  Drained  by  Cat- 
fish cr.,  flowing  into  Lake  Ontario,  which  bounds 
it  on  the  n.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  cr.,  and 
contains  2  churches,  3  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw 
m.,  1  clothier's  works,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 
There  are  in  the  t.  1  store,  cap.  $3,350 ;  1  tan- 
nery, 2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$5,300.     10  sch.  605  scholars.     Population,  1,738. 

New  Haven,  p-v.,  Nelson  co.,  Ky.,  68  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  610  W. 

New  Haven,  p-t,  Huron  co.,  O.,  82  n.  Co- 
lumbus, 394  W.  The  v.  contains  6  stores,  and 
several  manufacturing  establishments.  There 
are  in  the  t.  6  sch.  282  scholars.    Pop.  1,270. 

New  Haven,  p-o.,  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  25  n. 
e.  Detroit,  549  W. 

New  Haven,  p-v.,  Gallatin  co.,  HI.,  197  s.  s. 
E.  Springfield,  765  W.  Situated  on  Little  Wa- 
bash r.,  2  ms.  from  its  mouth,  and  contains 
several  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  about 
20  dwellings. 

New  Haven  Mills,  p-v.,  New  Haven  t,  Ad- 
dison co.,  Vt,  54  w.  s.  w.  Montpelier,  486  W. 

New  Holland,  p-v.,  Earl  t,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa., 
49  e.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  123  W.  It  contains  1 
church,  1  store,  and  about  30  dwellings. 

New  Holland,  p-v.,  Perry  t,  Pickaway  co., 
O.,  43  s.  Columbus,  413  W. 

New  Hope,  p-b.,  Solebury  t,  Bucks  co.,  Pa., 
110  e.  by  n.  Harrisburg.  Situated  on  Delaware 
r.,  opposite  to  Lambertsville,  N.  J.    It  contains 


6  stores,  cap.  $41,000;  1  lumber  yard,  cap. 
$15,000;  2  cotton  fac.  7,000  sp.,  2  flouring  m.,  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $23,800.  1  acad.  50 
students,  2  sch.  100  scholars.  Pop.  820.  Here 
is  a  fine  covered  bridge  across  the  Delaware, 
supported  on  9  piers,  built  by  a  company  with 
a  cap.  of  $160,000,  who  have,  by  their  charter, 
banking  privileges. 

New  Hope,  p-v.,  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  130  w.  n. 
w.  Richmond,  149  W.  It  contains  1  church, 
free  to  all  denominations,  3  stores,  and  about  50 
inhabitants. 

New  Hope,  p-v.,  Iredell  co.,  N.  C,  163  w. 
Raleigh,  374  W.  It  contains  a  Methodist  church, 
and  about  30  inhabitants. 

New  Hope,  p-v.,  Spartanburg  dist,  S.  C,  110 
n.  w.  Columbia,  483  W. 

New  Hope,  p-v.,  Madison  co.,  Ala.,  146  n.  N. 
e.  Tuscaloosa,  713  W. 

New  Hope,  p-v.,  Scott  t,  Brown  co.,  O.,  99 
s.  w.  Columbus,  466  W.  Situated  on  the  E. 
bank  of  White  Oak  cr.,  and  contains  3  stores,  1 
flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.  in  the  vicinity,  and  about 
80  inhabitants. 

New  Hope,  p-v.,  Lincoln  co.,  Mo. 

New  Hudson,  t,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y.,  14  w. 
Angelica,  270  w.  s.  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is 
elevated  and  undulating ;  soil,  well  adapted  to 
grass.  Drained  by  Black  cr.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $1,700 ;  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,700. 
2  sch.  44  scholars.     Pop.  1,502. 

New  Hurly,  p-v.,  Shawangunk  t,  Ulster 
co.,  N.  Y.,  83  s.  w.  Albany,  300  W.    It  contains 

I  church,  2  stores,  and  abou\  20  dwellings,  not 
very  compact. 

New  Iberia,  p-v.,  St.  Martin's  par.,  La.,  170 
w.  New  Orleans,  1,289  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Teche  r.,  slightly  elevated,  and  contains 
about  250  inhabitants. 

Newington,  p-t,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.,  40 
e.  s.  e.  Concord,  496  W.  The  soil  is  sandy  and 
unproductive,  excepting  on  the  streams.  A 
bridge  2,600  feet  long  connects  it  with  Durham. 
Chartered  in  1764.  It  has  1  tannery,  1  sch.  140 
scholars.     Pop.  543. 

Newington,  p-v.,  Wethersfield  t,  Hartford 
co.,  Ct,  6  s.  Hartford,  330  W.  It  is  a  fine  agri- 
cultural parish.  The  v.  contains  1  Congregation- 
al and  1  Methodist  church,  an  academy,  and  about 
650  inhabitants. 

New  Ipswich,  p-t,  Hillsboro'  co.,  N.  H.,  47 
s.  s.  w.  Concord,  447  W.  The  soil  is  fertile, 
adapted  to  grass,  and  some  kinds  of  grain.  Wa- 
tered by  Souhegan  r.  and  its  branches.  Over 
one  of  these  branches  is  a  fine  stone  bridge  of  a 
single  arch,  156  feet  long,  and  42  feet  above  the 
water.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $12,200 ;  3  cotton 
fac.  3,600  sp.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw  mills. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $61,800.     1  acad.  186  students, 

II  sch.  423  scholars.    Pop.  1,578. 


NEW  JERSEY. 

New  Jersey,  one  of  the  middle  United  States,  is  bounded  n.  by  New  York ;  E.  by  the  Hudson 
and  the  Atlantic  ;  s.  by  the  Atlantic ;  and  w.  by  Delaware  bay  and  river,  which  separates  it  from 
the  states  of  Delaware  and  Pennsylvania.  It  is  between  39°  and  41°  24'  n.  lat,  and  between  74° 
and  75°  29'  w.  Ion.,  and  between  1°  26'  and  3°  9'  e.  Ion.  from  W.  It  is  163  ms.  long  and  52  broad, 
containing  8,320  square  miles,  or  5,324,000  acres.  The  population  in  1790  was  184,189;  in  1800, 
211,149;  in  1810,  245,592;  in  1820,  277,575;  in  1830,  320,779;  in  1840,  373,306.  Of  these  177,055 
were  white  males ;  174,533  do.  females ;  10,780  were  free  colored  males  ;  10,264  do.  females ; 
303  male,  and  371  female  slaves.  Employed  in  mining.  266 ;  agriculture,  56,701 ;  commerce,  2,283 , 
manufactures  and  trades,  27,004  ;  navigating  the  ocean,  1,143;  do.  canals,  lakes,  and  rivers,  1,625  ; 
learned  professions,  &c,  1,627. 

The  state  is  divided  into  18  counties,  which,  with  their  population  in  1840,  and  their  capitals,  are 


NEW  455  NEW 


as  follows:  Atlantic,  8,726,  May's  Landing;  Bergen,  1 3,223,  Hackensack ;  Burlington, 32,831, 
Mount  Holly;  Cape  May,  5,324,  Cape  May  C.  H. ;  Cumberland,  14,374,  Bridgetown;  Essex, 
44,621,  Newark  ;  Gloucester,  25,438,  Woodbury  ;  Hudson,  9,483,  North  Bergen  ;  Hunterdon, 
24,789,  Flermngton;  Mercer,  21,502,  Trenton;  Middlesex,  21,893,  New  Brunswick;  Mon- 
mouth, 32,909,  Freehold ;  Morris,  25,844,  Morristown  ;  Passaic,  16,734,  Patterson  ;  Salem,  16,024, 
Salem  ;  Somerset,  17,455,  Somerville  ;  Warren,  20,366,  Belvidere  ;  Sussex  21,770,  Newton. 

The  seat  of  government  is  Trenton,  at  the  head  of  sloop  navigation  on  the  Delaware,  30  miles 
above  Philadelphia. 

The  northern  part  of  this  state  is  mountainous,  being  crossed  by  a  branch  of  the  Alleghany  ridge ; 
the  middle  portion  of  the  state  is  agreeably  diversified  by  hills  and  valleys  ;  while  the  southern 
part  is  level  and  sandy.  This  portion  of  the  state  is  to  a  great  extent  barren,  as  the  natural  growth 
of  the  soil  is  little  else  but  shrub  oaks  and  yellow  pines.  It  is  susceptible  of  being  made  very  pro- 
ductive by  the  use  of  marl,  which  is  extensively  found.  The  remainder  of  the  state  has  a  good 
soil,  well  adapted  to  grazing,  and  producing  wheat,  rye,  Indian  corn,  buckwheat,  potatoes,  oats, 
and  barley.  Apples,  pears,  peaches,  plums,  and  cherries,  are  produced  in  great  perfection  and 
abundance.  In  the  mountainous  parts,  the  finest  cattle  are  raised,  and  large  quantities  of  butter 
and  cheese  are  produced.  The  produce  of  this  state  finds  a  market  in  New  York  and  Philadel- 
phia, on  its  eastern  and  western  borders.  Its  exports  are  wheat,  flour,  horses,  cattle,  hams,  cider, 
lumber,  flax  seed,  leather,  and  iron.  There  were  in  this  state  in  1840,  70,502  horses  and  mules  ; 
220,202  neat  cattle  ;  219,285  sheep  ;  261,443  swine.  There  was  produced  poultry  to  the  value  of 
$336,953.  There  were  produced  774,203  bushels  of  wheat;  12,501  of  barley;  3,083,524  of  oats  ; 
1,665,820  of  rye;  856,117  of  buckwheat;  4,361,975  of  Indian  corn;  397,207  pounds  of  wool ;  4,531 
of  hops;  10,061  of  wax;  2,072,069  bushels  of  potatoes;  334,861  tons  of  hay;  2,165  of  flax  and 
hemp;  1,966  pounds  of  silk  cocoons.  The  products  of  the  dairy  amounted  to  $1,328,032;  and  of 
the  orchard,  $464,006  ;  of  lumber,  $271,591  ;  9,416  gallons  of  wine  were  made  ;  and  2,200  barrels 
of  tar,  pitch,  turpentine,  and  rosin  were  produced. 

A  large  part  of  the  state  being  open  to  the  influence  of  the  ocean,  has  a  mild  climate ;  and  no- 
where is  the  cold  severe  in  the  winter,  except  in  the  mountainous  region  in  the  northern  part. 

The  Hudson  and  Delaware  rivers,  on  the  e.  and  w.  sides,  flow  partly  in  this  state.  Besides 
these,  there  are  the  Raritan,  navigable  for  sloops,  17  miles,  to  New  Brunswick,  entering  the  Atlantic 
below  Staten  Island  ;  the  Passaic,  navigable  for  small  vessels,  10  miles,  to  Newark,  and  falls  into 
Newark  bay;  the  Hackensack,  navigable  15  miles,  which  falls  into  Newark  bay;  Great  Egg  Har- 
bor river,  navigable  20  miles,  for  small  craft,  and  entering  into  the  Atlantic.  The  principal  bays  are 
Newark  bay,  N.  of  Staten  Island,  and  Raritan  bay,  between  Staten  Island  and  Sandy  Hook- 
Perth  Amboy,  at  the  head  of  this  bay,  is  the  principal  seaport  in  the  state.  Delaware  bay  belongs 
in  part  to  this  state.  The  two  principal  capes  in  this  state  are  Cape  May,  on  the  n.  side  of  Dela- 
ware bay,  and  Sandy  Hook,  which  is  a  low,  sandy  island,  about  3  miles  long,  s.  of  New  York  bay. 
The  principal  towns  are  Newark,  New  Brunswick,  Paterson,  Trenton,  Burlington,  Bordentown, 
Elizabethtown,  and  Perth  Amboy. 

This  state  has  considerable  commerce,  though  it  is  diminished  by  that  of  the  two  great  cities  on 
its  borders.    The  exports  in  1840  were  $16,076,  and  the  imports  were  $19,209. 

There  were  in  the  state  in  1840,  2  commercial  and  8  commission  houses  engaged  in  foreign  trade, 
with  a  capital  of  $99,000 ;  there  were  1,504  retail  drygoods  and  other  stores,  employing  a  capital 
of  $4,113,247;  1,280  persons  engaged  in  the  lumber  trade,  employing  a  capital  of  $410,570  ;  423 
persons  employed  in  internal  transportation,  who,  with  30  butchers,  packers,  &c,  invested  a  capital 
of  $204,900 ;  179  persons  engaged  in  the  fisheries,  with  a  capital  of  $93,275. 

There  were  in  1840,  home-made  or  family  goods  produced  to  the  amount  of  $201,625;  31  wool- 
len manufactories,  and  49  fulling  mills,  employing  427  persons,  producing  goods  to  the  amount  of 
$440,710,  with  a  capital  of  $314,650;  43  cotton  manufactories,  with  63,744  spindles,  employing 
2,408  persons,  manufacturing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $2,086,104,  with  a  capital  of  $1,722,810;  26 
furnaces,  producing  11,114  tons  of  cast  iron,  and  80  forges,  &c,  producing  7,171  tons  of  bar  iron, 
employing  2,056  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $1,721,820;  41  paper  manufactories  produced  articles  to 
the  amount  of  $562,200,  and  other  paper  manufactures  produced  $7,000,  the  whole  employing  400 
persons,  and  a  capital  of  $460,100  ;  hats  and  caps  were  manufactured  to  the  amount  of  $1,181,562, 
and  straw  bonnets  to  the  amount  of  $23,220,  the  whole  employing  957  persons,  and  a  capital  of 
$332,029 ;  159  tanneries  employed  1,090  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $415,728;  and  478  other  leather 
manufactories,  as  saddleries,  &c,  produced  articles  to  the  amount  of  $1,582,746;  23  glass  houses, 
and  4  glass-cutting  establishments  employed  1,075  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of 
$904,700,  with  a  capital  of  $589,800  ;  22  potteries  employed  122  persons,  producing  articles  to  the 
amount  of  $256,807,  with  a  capital  of  $135,850;  932  persons  produced  machinery  to  the  amount 
of  $755,050  ;  219  distilleries  produced  331,017  gallons,  and  6  breweries  produced  206,375  gallons, 
employing  394  persons,  with  a  capital  of  $230,870  ;  123  persons  produced  hardware  and  cutlery  to 
the  amount  of  $33,575  ;  71  persons  manufactured  2,010  smail-arms ;  70  persons  manufactured  drugs 


NEW  456  NEW 


and  paints  to  the  amount  of  $127,400,  and  turpentine  and  varnish  to  the  amount  of  $43,000,  with 
a  capital  of  $140,800  ;  1,834  persons  produced  carriages  and  wagons  to  the  amount  of  $1,397,149, 
with  a  capital  of  $644,966  ;  64  flouring  mills  manufactured  168,797  barrels  of  flour,  and  with  other 
mills  employed  1,238  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $2,641,200 ;  8  rope  walks  employed  60  persons,  and 
produced  cordage  to  the  amount  of  $93,075,  with  a  capital  of  $37,305  ;  ships  were  built  to  the 
value  of  $344,210  ;  furniture  employed  517  persons,  producing  to  the  amount  of  $176,566,  with  a 
capital  of  $130,525 ;  572  persons  produced  bricks  and  lime  to  the  amount  of  $376,805  ;  205  brick 
and  861  wooden  houses  were  built  by  2,086  persons,  at  a  cost  of  $1,092,052.  The  whole  amount 
of  capital  employed  in  manufactures  in  the  state  was  $11,517,532. 

The  College  of  New  Jersey,  or  Nassau  Hall,  was  founded  in  1738,  and  is  one  of  the  principal 
colleges  in  the  country.  It  has  educated  many  distinguished  men,  and  is  flourishing.  Connected 
with  it  is  the  Princeton  Theological  Seminary,  supported  by  the  Presbyterians,  and  which  is  their 
principal  place  of  theological  education.  Rutgers'  College,  (formerly  Queen's  College,)  in  New 
Brunswick,  was  founded  in  1770,  and  has  latterly  been  a  growing  institution.  Connected  with  it 
is  a  theological  seminary,  established  by  the  Dutch  Reformed  church,  in  1784,  which  is  a  respect- 
able institution.  In  these  institutions  there  were  in  1840,  443  students ;  there  were  in  the  state  66 
academies,  with  3,027  students ;  1,207  primary  and  common  schools,  with  52,583  scholars ;  and 
6,385  persons  over  20  years  of  age  who  could  neither  read  nor  write. 

Of  the  principal  religious  denominations,  in  1835,  the  Presbyterians  had  105  ministers ;  the  Dutch 
Reformed,  48  churches  and  42  ministers ;  the  Baptists,  80  churches  and  about  as  many  ministers  ; 
the  Episcopalians,  30  ministers,  including  1  bishop  ;  the  Methodists  about  70  ministers,  and  a  greater 
number  of  congregations ;  the  Friends,  67  meetings.  Besides  these,  there  were  a  few  Congrega- 
tionalists,  Roman  Catholics,  and  Universalists. 

In  January,  1840,  this  state  had  26  banks,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $3,822,607,  and  a  circula- 
tion of  $1,414,708.    The  state  debt  amounted  to  $83,283. 

The  constitution  of  New  Jersey  was  formed  in  1776,  and  has  existed  without  any  material  change 
to  the  present  time.  The  government  is  vested  in  a  governor,  legislative  council,  and  general  as- 
sembly. The  council  and  assembly  are  elected  annually.  The  council  consists  of  1  member 
chosen  by  each  county,  and  the  assembly  of  50  members,  and  meets  annually  in  October. 

The  governor  is  chosen  annually  by  the  joint  vote  of  the  council  and  assembly,  at  their  first  joint 
meeting  after  each  annual  election.  The  governor  is  president  of  the  council,  who  also  elect  a 
vice-president  from  their  own  body,  to  preside  in  case  of  the  absence  of  the  governor.  The  ori- 
ginal constitution  granted  the  right  of  suffrage  to  "  all  persons  of  full  age,  who  are  worth  fifty 
pounds  proclamation  money,  clear  estate  in  the  same,  and  have  resided  within  the  county  in  which 
they  claim  to  vote,  for  12  months  immediately  preceding  the  election."  But  the  legislature  have 
virtually  annulled  this  provision  by  enacting  by  law,  that  every  white  male  inhabitant,  who  shall 
be  over  21  years  of  age,  and  shall  have  paid  a  tax,  shall  be  considered  worth  fifty  pounds,  and  en- 
titled to  vote. 

The  judges  are  appointed  by  the  legislature,  those  of  the  supreme  court  for  a  term  of  seven  years, 
and  those  of  the  inferior  courts  for  five  years  ;  and  both  are  capable  of  a  reappointment.  The  gov- 
ernor and  council  form  a  court  of  appeals,  in  the  last  resort,  in  causes  involving  questions  of  law, 
and  they  possess  the  power  of  pardoning  criminals  under  sentence. 

This  state  has  executed  some  important  works  of  internal  improvement.  The  Morris  canal  was 
incorporated  in  1824,  and  completed  in  1836,  and  cost  about  $2,500,000.  It  extends  from  Easton, 
on  the  Delaware,  to  Jersey  City,  101  miles.  A  large  amount  of  coal,  from  the  coal  region  of 
Pennsylvania,  is  transported  on  it.  It  has  recently  been  widened  at  a  great  expense.  The  Dela- 
ware and  Raritan  canal  extends  from  New  Brunswick,  on  the  Raritan,  to  Bordentown,  on  the  Del- 
aware, below  Trenton,  and  is  43  miles  in  length.  It  forms  part  of  an  important  communication 
between  the  cities  of  New  York  and  Philadelphia.  Salem  canal  extends  from  Salem  creek,  4  miles, 
to  Delaware  river. 

The  railroads  of  this  state  are  more  important,  even,  than  her  canals.  The  Camden  and  Amboy 
railroad  was  incorporated  in  1829,  and  completed  in  1832,  extending  from  Camden,  on  the  Dela- 
ware, opposite  to  Philadelphia,  to  South  Amboy,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Raritan,  61  miles.  The  New 
Jersey  railroad  was  incorporated  in  1832,  and  opened  in  1836,  extending  from  Jersey  City,  through 
Newark,  New  Brunswick,  and  Trenton,  to  Bordentown,  where  it  forms  a  junction  with  the  Camden 
and  Amboy  road.  The  Paterson  railroad  was  incorporated  in  1831,  and  completed  in  1834,  and 
branches  off  from  the  New  Jersey  railroad  at  Bergen  Hill,  and  extends  15  miles,  to  Paterson. 
The  Morris  and  Essex  railroad  extends  from  Newark  to  Morristown,  20  miles.  The  Elizabethport 
and  Somerviile  railroad  communicates  between  the  two  places,  25  miles.  The  Camden  and  Wood- 
bury railroad  extends  from  the  one  place  to  the  other,  9  miles. 

The  first  settlement  of  New  Jersey  was  by  the  Dutch  from  New  York,  who,  between  1614  and 
1620,  established  themselves  in  Bergen  county.  In  1627  a  colony  of  Swedes  and  Finns  settled  on 
the  Delaware,  and  purchased  of  the  Indians  the  land  on  both  sides  of  the  river  to  the  falls.    In 


NEW 


457 


NEW 


1634,  Charles  11.  granted  New  York,  called  by  the  Dutch  New  Netherlands,  to  his  brother,  the  Duke 
of  York,  and  this  grant  included  New  Jersey  ;  and  in  1661,  the  Duke  granted  the  part  now  called 
New  Jersey,  jointly  to  Lord  Berkley  and  Sir  George  Carteret,  who,  in  1695,  established  a  govern- 
ment by  agreement  with  the  people,  and  appointed  Philip  Carteret,  Esq.,  governor.  The  Dutch 
subdued  the  country  in  1672,  but  resigned  it  in  1674.  To  obviate  any  difficulties  about  title  result- 
ing from  these  transactions,  a  new  patent  was  issued  in  1674,  re-granting  the  country  to  the  Duke 
of  York,  and  New  Jersey  was  divided  into  West  Jersey,  assigned  to  the  heirs  of  Lord  Berkley,  and 
East  Jersey,  to  Sir  George  Carteret.  In  1675  it  was  purchased  by  a  company  of  English  emigrants, 
who  formed  the  first  English  settlement  at  Salem.  At  length  great  confusion  in  regard  to  title 
having  sprung  up,  which  rendered  the  appointment  of  governors  difficult,  the  proprietors,  in  1702, 
surrendered  the  government  to  the  crown,  which  was  accepted  by  Queen  Anne,  and  the  govern- 
ment henceforth,  instead  of  being  proprietary,  became  royal,  and  so  continued  until  the  revolution 
in  1776.  During  the  revolutionary  war,  several  important  battles  were  fought  in  this  state,  the  in- 
habitants of  which  bore  their  full  share  of  its  toils,  its  dangers,  and  its  sufferings.  On  the  19th  of 
December,  1787,  this  state  in  convention  adopted  the  constitution  of  the  United  States  by  an  unan- 
imous vote. 


New  Jerusalem,  p-o.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  66  E. 
Harrisburg,  159  W. 

New  Kent,  county,  Va.  Situated  toward  the 
E.  port  of  the  state,  and  contains  225  sq.  ms.  Pa- 
munky  r.  bounds  it  on  the  N.  E.,  and  Chickahom- 
iny  r.  on  the  s.  and  s.  w.  Capital,  New  Kent  C. 
H.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,193,  sheep 
2,518,  swine  9,379  ;  wheat  22,131  bush,  produced, 
Ind.  corn  139,784,  oats  51,207,  potatoes  8,496,  cot- 
ton 4,133;  10  stores,  cap.  $20,635  ;  1  tannery,  16 
distilleries,  12  grist  m.,  12  sch.  287  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  2,472,  slaves  3,335,  free  col'd  373 ;  total, 
6,230. 

New  Kent,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  New  Kent 
co.,  Va.,  30  e.  Richmond,  147  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  6  stores,  and  about  15  dwellings. 
It  is  3  ms.  s.  of  Pamunky  r.,  and  has  a  healthy 
situation. 

New  Kingston,  p-o.,  Delaware  co.,  N.  Y. 

Newkirk's  Mills,  p-o.,  Bleecker  t.,  Fulton 
co.,  N.  Y.,  59  n.  w.  Albany,  411  W. 


VT" 


w.  Springfield,  848 

Newland,  p-o.,  Richland  co.,  111. 

New  Lebanon,  p-t.,  Columbia  co.,  N.  Y.,  23 
s.  E.  Albany,  363  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
mountainous,  having  Taghkannic  mountain  w., 
and  the  Peterborough  hills  e.,  and  a  fertile  valley 
between  them.  It  contains  New  Lebanon  Springs, 
and  a  large  Shaker  Settlement.  It  has  11  stores, 
cap.  $3.),200  ;  3  fulling  m.,  5  woollen  fac,  3  tan- 
neries, 2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
§61,565.  1  acad.  75  students,  16  sch.  812  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  2,536. 

New  Lebanon  Shaker  Settlement,  v., 
New  Lebanon  t.,  Columbia  co.,  N.  Y.  Situated 
2  ms.  s.  New  Lebanon  Springs.  It  contains  1 
church,  10  large  dwellings,  occupied  by  the  soci- 
ety in  common,  1  woollen  fac,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw 
m.,  1  iron  foundry,  3  machine  shops,  20  or  33 
shops  for  various  manufactures,  and  about  600 
inhabitants.  They  have  3  extensive  dairies,  and 
nearly  3,000  acres  of  land,  highly  cultivated. 
Their  manufactures  are  neat,  useful,  and  in  high 
esteem. 

New  Lebanon  Springs,  p-v.,  New  Lebanon 
t.,  Columbia  co.,  N.  Y.,  25  s.  e.  Albany.  Situa- 
ted near  the  Massachusetts  line,  and  contains  1 
Baptist  church,  4  stores,  2  woollen  fac,  25  dwell- 
ings, including  5  hotels  and  boarding  houses,  and 
about  200  inhabitants.  Here  are  warm  springs, 
which  have  a  temperature  of  73°  of  Fahrenheit, 
useful  in  rheumatisms,  salt-rheums,  and  cutaneous 
affections.  Two  quarts  of  water  contain  muriate 
of  lime,  1  grain  ;  muriate  of  soda,  1$;  sulphate 
of  lime,  H  ;  carbonate  of  lime,  i;  total,  5  grains. 
Of  gases,  nitrogen  gas,  13  cubic  inches ;  atmos- 
53 


pheric  air,  8  ;  total,  21  cubic  inches.  The  place 
and  vicinity  are  celebrated  for  pure  air  and  de- 
lightful scenery.  The  Albany  and  West  Stock- 
bridge,  and  the  Hudson  and  Berkshire  railroads 
run  within  a  few  miles  of  the  springs,  connected 
in  the  summer  months  by  a  line  of  stages. 

New  Lebanon,  p-v.,  Pasquotank  co.,  N.  C, 
237  e.  n.  e.  Raleigh,  271  W.  Situated  on  the 
head  waters  of  Pasquotank  r.,  at  the  s.  extremity 
of  the  Dismal  Swamp  canal. 

New  Lebanon,  p-v.,  Sullivan  co.,  la.,  103  s. 
w.  by  w.  Indianapolis,  670  W. 

New  Lexington,  p-v.,  Pike  t.,  Perry  co.,  O., 
52  e.  Columbus,  351  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  E. 
bank  of  Big  Rush  cr.  It  contains  2  churches,  3 
stores,  30  dwellings,  and  about  150  inhabitants. 

New  Lexington,  p-v.,  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala., 
24  n.  Tuscaloosa,  826  W.  Situated  on  w.  side 
of  North  r. 

New  Liberty,  p-v.,  capital  of  Owen  co.,  Ky., 
36  n.  Frankfort,  513  W.  Situated  about  3  ms.  e. 
of  Eagle  cr.  It  contains  a  court  house,  several 
stores,  and  227  inhabitants. 

New  Light,  p-o.,  Wake  co.,  N.  C,  25  Raleigh, 
279  W. 

New  Limerick,  t.,  Aroostook  co.,  Me.    It  has 

3  sch.  40  scholars.     Pop.  123. 

Newlin,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  28  s.  w.  Phila- 
delphia. The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  calcareous 
loam.  Watered  bv  the  w.  branch  of  Brandy- 
wine  cr.,  which  affords  water  power.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $6,500  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
1  tannery,  1  brewery,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $6,050.  3  sch.  171  scholars.   Pop.  728. 

New  Lisbon,  p-t.,  Otsego  co.,  N.  Y.,  90  w. 
Albany,  345  W.  The  surface  is  hilly,  with 
broad  valleys  on  the  E.  and  w. ;  soil,  sandy  loam. 
Drained  by  Butternut  and  Otego  creeks.    It  has 

4  stores,  cap.  $14,503;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  1  cotton  fac.  110  sp.,  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,150.  14  sch.  515 
scholars.     Pop.  1,909. 

New  Lisbon,  p-v.,  Centre  t.,  capital  of  Colum- 
biana co.,  O.,  150  e.  n.  e.  Columbus,  230  W. 
Situated  on  the  n.  side  of  the  Middle  fork  of  Lit- 
tle Beaver  r.,  and  on  the  Sandy  and  Beaver  ca- 
nal. It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a  bank,  6 
churches,  10  stores,  3  printing  offices,  300  dwell- 
ings, mostly  of  brick,  and  about  2,000  inhabitants. 
A  number  of  the  streets  are  paved  or  macadam- 
ized, and  the  side-walks  are  laid  with  brick.  It 
has  an  extensive  water  power,  and  contains  in 
the  immediate  vicinity,  1  furnace,  4  flouring  m 
4  saw  m.,  1  paper  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  and  1  lull- 
ing m.  and  carding  machine. 

New  Lisbon,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  la.,  55  e. 
dianapoiis,  526  W 


In- 


NEW 


458 


NEW 


New  Lodge,  p-o.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  241  w.  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  277  W. 

New  London,  county,  Ct.  Situated  in  the  s. 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  600  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  fertile,  adapted  to  grazing, 
and  to  some  kinds  of  grain.  Long  Island  sound 
bounds  it  on  the  s.,  on  which  are  a  number  of 
excellent  harbors.  Watered  by  Thames  r., 
formed  by  the  junction  of  Shetucket  and  Yantic 
rivers,  which  afford  excellent  water  power. 
Quinnebaug  r.  is  a  principal  branch  of  Shetucket 
r.  Pawcatuck  r.  bounds  it  on  the  s.  e.,  and  Con- 
necticut r.  on  the  s.  w.  Capitals,  New  London 
and  Norwich.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
27,441,  sheep  62,395,  swine  14,256  ;  wheat  10,138 
bush,  produced,  rye  37,633,  Ind.  corn  186,587, 
buckwheat  16,966,  barley  21,875,  oats  122,355, 
potatoes  394,301 ;  1  commission  house  in  foreign 
trade,  cap.  $20,000  ;  247  stores,  cap.  $ 770,450  ;  11 
lumber  yards,  cap.  $76,500 ;  cap.  invested  in  fish- 
eries $1,190,000  ;  24  fulling  m.,  23  woollen  fac, 
16  cotton  fac.  29,013  sp.,  20  tanneries,  2  potteries, 
7  rope  fac,  57  grist  m.,  64  saw  m.,  3  oil  m.,  5  pa- 
per fac,  4  printing  offices,  3  binderies,  3  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,661,725.  17 
acad.  747  students,  231  sch.  10,790  scholars. 
Pop.  44,463. 

New  London,  p-t.,  Merrimac  co.,  N.  H.,  30 
n.  w.  Concord,  484  W.  Sunapee  lake  lies  on  its 
s.  w.  border.  A  large  pond  in  its  w.  part  dis- 
charges its  waters  into  Sunapee  lake.  Two  other 
ponds  form  the  sources  of  Blackwater  r.  and 
Warner  r.  The  surface  is  rolling,  and  the  soil 
fertile.  Incorporated  in  1779.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $4,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  3 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $14,675.  1  acad.  132 
students,  8  sch.  322  scholars.     Pop.  1,019. 

New  London,  city,  port  of  entry,  and  semi- 
capital  of  New  London  co.,  Ct.  It  is  situated  on 
the  Thames,  3  miles  from  its  entrance  into  Long 
Island  sound,  and  is  in  41°  24'  n.  lat.  and  72°  30 
w.  Ion.  from  Greenwich,  and  4°  0'  48"  e.  Ion, 
from  W.  It  is  44  s.  e.  from  Hartford,  52  e.  from 
New  Haven,  55  s.  w.  from  Providence,  and  353 
from  W.  The  population  in  1810  was  3,233  ;  in 
1820,  3,330  ;  in  1830,  4,356  ;  in  1840,  5,519. 

It  is  built  on  a  declivity,  which  descends  to  the 
e.  and  s.  Back  of  the  city  the  ground  rises  to  a 
considerable  height,  and  from  its  summit  presents 
a  fine  view  of  the  harbor  and  the  surrounding 
country.  The  ground  being  rough,  and  over- 
spread with  granite  rocks,  rendered  it  difficult  to 
lay  it  out  with  much  regularity  ;  and  it  was  not 
attempted.  It  is  not  in  general  very  well  built ; 
but  there  are  some  houses,  recently  erected, 
which  are  neat  and  elegant. 

The  county  courts  are  held  alternately  at  this 
city  and  at  Norwich.  It  has  the  usual  county 
buildings.  There  are  5  places  of  public  worship 
— 2  congregational,  1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  and  1 
Methodist.  There  are  3  banks,  and  2  insurance 
offices.  A  daily  line  ol  steamboats  connects  this 
place  with  New  York,  which  extends  to  Norwich, 
and  connects  with  the  railroad  to  Worcester. 
There  are  also  several  lines  of  packets. 

The  harbor  is  the  best  in  the  state,  and  one  of 
the  best  in  the  United  States.  It  has  a  depth  of 
30  feet,  and  is  spacious  and  safe.  It  is  defended 
by  two  forts.  Fort  Trumbull  is  situated  on  a 
projecting  point,  about  a  mile  below  the  city, 
and  is  generally  garrisoned  by  soldiers  of  the  U. 
States  army.  The  other  fortification  is  Von 
Griswold,  on  an  eminence  on  the  opposite  side  of 
the  river,  iu  Groton.  There  is  a  light-house  on  a 
projecting  point  of  land  which  divides  the  harbor 
from  Long  Island  sound,  3  miles  below  the  city. 
The  harbor  is  rarely  obstructed  at  all  by  ice 


New  London  has  not  an  extensive  back  country, 
the  trade  of  which  naturally  flows  to  it ;  but  it 
serves  in  some  measure  as  a  port  to  Connecticut 
river,  which  is  not  generally  navigable  to  vessels 
of  the  largest  class,  nor  at  all,  a  portion  of  the 
year.  The  foreign  trade  of  New  London  is 
chiefly  with  the  West  Indies,  and  its  coasting 
trade  with  the  Southern  States.  The  fisheries, 
and  particularly  the  whale  fishery,  have  exten- 
sively engaged  the  attention  and  employed  the 
capital  and  enterprise  of  its  inhabitants.  About 
$1,000,000  is  devoted  to  the  prosecution  of  this 
business.  The  tonnage  of  the  port  in  1840.  was 
44,822.  There  were  in  1840, 40  retail  stores,  cap. 
$220,000 ;  3  lumber  yards,  cap.  $33,000 ;  capital 
employed  in  the  fisheries,  $830,000  ;  machinery 
produced,$20,000 ;  hardware  and  cutlery  $61,000 ; 
1  tannery,  capital,  $3,000 ;  3  rope  walks,  capital 
$10,000 ;  1  printing  office,  1  bindery,  1  weekly- 
paper.  Total  cap.  in  manufac.  $91,300.  4  acad. 
131  students,  14  sch.  787  scholars. 

New  London  was  first  settled  in  1646.  The 
township  is  the  smallest  in  the  state,  being  only 
four  miles  in  length,  with  an  average  breadth  of 
three  fourths  of  a  mile.  In  September,  1781,  a 
large  portion  of  the  place  was  burned  by  the 
British,  under  the  traitor  Benedict  Arnold,  and 
Fort  Griswold,  in  Groton,  was  captured,  and  a 
large  part  of  the  garrison  were  put  to  the  sword. 
A  granite  monument  erected  on  the  spot,  150  feet 
high,  commemorates  the  event,  and  on  it  are  in- 
scribed the  names  of  those  who  fell. 

New  London,  p-v.,  Verona  t.,  Oneida  co.,  N. 
Y.,  117  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  383  W.  Situated  on 
the  Erie  canal,  and  contains  6  stores,  an  exten- 
sive boat  yard,  25  dwellings,  and  about  200  in- 
habitants. 

New  London,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  36  s.  w. 
Philadelphia.  The  surface  is  a  gentle  declivity  : 
soil,  sandy  loam.  Elk  cr.  flows  on  its  w.  border. 
Watered  by  Clay  cr.  It  contains  2  churches.  It 
has  7  stores,  cap.  $22,000 ;  2  woollen  fac,  1  tan- 
nery, 1  forge,  6  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $23,030.  1  acad.  80  students,  5  sch.  131 
scholars.     Pop.  1,553. 

New  London,  p-v.,  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  70  n. 
w.  Annapolis,  52  W. 

New  London,  p-v.,  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  127  w. 
by  s.  Richmond,  202  W.  Situated  on  a  branch 
of  Staunton  r.,  and  contains  1  Methodist  church, 
an  academy,  and  about  25  or  30  dwellings.  It  is 
one  of  the  oldest  towns  in  the  state.  The  United 
States  armory,  now  at  Harpers  Ferry,  was  origin- 
ally located  here. 

New  London,  p-t.,  Huron  co.,  O.,  96  n.  Co- 
lumbus, 385  W.  It  has  7  sch.  193  scholars.  Pop. 
1,218. 
New  London,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  Iowa. 
New  London,  p-v.,  capital  of  Ralls  co.,  Mo., 
98  n.  N.  E.  Jefferson  City,  902  W.  Situated  on 
the  s.  side  of  Salt  r.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  1  acad.  38  students,  1  sch.  25  scholars.     Pop. 

New  London  Cross  Roads,  p-v.,  New  Lon- 
don t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  72  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  95 
W.     It  is  a  small  v.  in  the  n.  w.  corner  of  the  t. 

New  Lyme,  p-t.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.,  195  n.  e. 
Columbus,  32  J  W.  Organized  in  1813,  by  the 
name  of  Lebanon  ;  received  its  present  name  in 
1825,  in  remembrance  of  Lyme,  Ct.,  vv  hence 
many  of  its  original  inhabitants  came.  It  has  5 
sch.  236  scholars.     Pop.  527. 

New  Madison,  p-v.,  Harrison  t.,  Darke  co.,  O., 
100  w.  Columbus,  494  W.  . 

New  Madrid,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the 
s.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,625  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  ie  level,  and  in  parts  liable  to  be  an 


NEW 


459 


NEW 


nually  overflowed.  The  soil  in  that  part  which 
is  sufficiently  elevated  for  cultivation,  is  very  fer- 
tile. Capital,  New  Madrid.  There  were  in 
IS  10,  neat  cattle  6,655,  sheep  1,043,  swine  21,403 ; 
wheat  9,503  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  461,110, 
oats  11,055,  potatoes  9,527,  cotton  1,161  pounds  ; 
15  stores,  cap.  853,000 ;  1  tannery,  4  grist  m.,  4 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $16,900.  2  acad.  25 
students,  4  sch.  99  scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,748, 
slaves  801,  free  col'd  5  ;  total,  4,554. 

New  Madrid,  p-v.,  capital  of  New  Madrid  co., 
Mo.,  271  s.  e.  Jefferson  City,  911  W.  Situated 
on  the  n.  side  of  the  Mississippi  r.,  at  a  consider- 
able bend  in  the  r.  The  bank  of  the  r.  is  some- 
what elevated,  but  has  been  undermined.  The 
place  was  visited  by  earthquakes  in  1811  and 
1812.  It  contains  a  court  house,  10  stores,  and 
about  500  inhabitants.    Pop.  of  t.  1,668. 

Newman sville,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  268 
E.  Nashville,  430  W. 

New  Marion,  p-v.,  Ripley  co.,  la.,  73  s.  E. 
Indianapolis,  553  W. 

New  Market,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H., 
38  s.  e.  Concord,  438  W.  Lamprey  r.  runs  on 
its  n.  E.  boundary,  and  Exeter  r.  on  its  s.  w.  bor- 
der. Drained  by  a  branch  of  Lamprey  r.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Incorporated  in  1727.  It  has  1 
Congregational  and  1  Methodist  church,  and  a 
Wesleyan  academy.  On  Lamprey  r.  is  a  v., 
with  considerable  manufactures,  to  which  ves- 
sels of  from  80  to  100  tons  can  come.  There  are 
in  the  t.  30  stores,  cap.  $30,000 ;  3  cotton  fac. 
14,003  sp.,  1  furnace,  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.,  1  acad.  46  students,  13  sch.  764  scholars. 
Pop.  2,730. 

New  Market,  p-v.,  Piscataway  t.,  Middlesex 
co  ,  N.  J.,  36  N.  e.  Trenton,  203  W.  Situated  on 
the  E.  bank  of  Cedar  cr.,  and  contains  a  store, 
a  grist  m.,  and  about  25  dwellings. 

New  Market,  p-v.,  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  67  n. 
w.  Annapolis,  49  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  branch 
of  Bush  cr.  It  is  surrounded  with  a  beautiful 
country. 

New  Market,  p-v.,  Shenandoah  co.,  Va.,  139 
N.  w.  Richmond,  112  W.  Situated  one  mile  E. 
of  the  n.  fork  of  Shenandoah  r.,  near  the  s.  w. 
border  of  the  co.  It  contains  3  churches — 1  Lu- 
theran, 1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist — an  academy, 
5  stores,  120  dwellings,  and  about  800  inhabit- 
ants. It  has  numerous  manufactures,  and  2 
forges,  and  several  mills  in  the  vicinity.  The 
country  around  abounds  with  iron  ore.  On  Mas- 
sanutten  mountain,  e.  of  the  v.,  is  a  beautiful  cas- 
cade, where  the  stream,  a  few  yards  wide,  de- 
scends in  an  unbroken  sheet,  50  feet  perpen- 
dicularly. 

New  Market,  p-v.,  Randolph  co.,  N.  C,  85 
w.  Raleigh,  324  W. 

New  Market,  p-v.,  Abbeville  dist.,  S.  C,  90 
w.  Columbia,  528  W. 

New  Market,  p-v.,  Madison  co.,  Ala.,  170  n. 
Tuscaloosa,  691  W. 

New  Market,  p-v.,  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn.,  208 
E.  Nashville,  476  W.  Situated  on  the  head  wa- 
ters of  Loss  cr. 

New  Market,  p-v.,  Marion  co.,  Ky.,  65  s.  s. 
w.  Frankfort,  587  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of 
the  Rolling  Fork  of  Salt  r. 

New  Market,  p-t.,  Highland  co.,  O.,  81  s.  w. 
Columbus,  448  W.  It  has  4  sch  147  scholars. 
Pop.  1,302. 

New  Market,  p-v.,  Vigo  co.,  la.,  82  w.  by  s. 
Indianapolis,  654  W. 

New  Market,  p-v.,  Platte  co.,  Mo. 

New  Marlboro',  p-t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass., 
131  s.  w.  by  w.  Boston,  364  W.  The  surface  is 
uneven ;  soil,  fertile,  adapted  to  grazing.    Drain- 


ed by  Konkapot  r.  and  its  branches.  A  pond  in 
the  s.  part  discharges  its  waters  into  Blackberry 
r.  in  Canaan.  Incorporated  in  1736.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $11,500;  1  fulling  m.,  1  forge,  1  tan- 
nery, 1  powder  m.,  3  paper  fac,  4  grist  m.,  15 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $25,030.  11  sch.  430 
scholars.     Pop.  1,682. 

New  Maysville,  p-v.,  Putnam  co.,  la.,  32  w 
Indianapolis,  603  W. 

New  Middleton,  p-o.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  120 
N.  E.  Harrisburg,  228  w. 

New  Middleton,  p-o.,  Columbiana  co.,  O., 
185  n.  e.  by  E.  Columbus.     Pop.  118. 

New  Milford,  p-t.,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct.,  51  w. 
s.  w.  Hartford,  303  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
broken ;  soil,  generally  fertile,  being  a  sandy, 
gravelly,  and  clay  loam.  Watered  by  Housa- 
tonic  r.  and  its  branches.  This  large  t.  has  9 
churches — 2  Congregational,  2  Episcopal,  2  Bap- 
tist, 2  Methodist,  and  1  Friends.  The  v.  contains 
2  churches,  5  stores,  and  about  63  dwellings.  A 
bridge  here  crosses  the  Housatonic  r.,  erected  in 
1737,  and  the  first  bridge  across  it  ever  erected 
in  its  whole  course.  Two  other  bridges  cross  the 
r.  in  this  t.  Marble  is  found  here.  It  has  7  stores, 
cap.  $29,300  ;  1  cotton  fac.  1,500  sp.,  5  tanneries, 
2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $37,900. 
23  sch.  879  scholars.    Pop.  3,974. 

New  Milford,  p-o.,  Warwick  t..  Orange  co., 
N.  Y.,  120  s.  by  w.  Albany,  264  W. 

New  Milford,  p-t.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa., 
185  n.  Harrisburg,  289  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ; 
soil,  clay  and  gravel.  Drained  by  Mitchell's  and 
Salt  Lick  creelcs.  The  v.,  in  the  n.  e.  part  of  the 
t.,  contains  an  Episcopal  church,  3  stores,  and 
about  25  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  3  stores, 
cap.  $27,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m., 
4  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,600.  8 
sch.  240  scholars.     Pop.  1,148. 

Newman's  Mills,  p-o.,  Indiana  co.,  Pa. 

New  Mount  Pleasant,  p-v.,  Jay  co.,  la.,  97 
N.  e.  Indianapolis,  520  W. 

Newnan,  p-v.,  capital  of  Coweta  co.,  Ga.,  106 
w.  by  n.  Milledgeville,  710  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  and  about  15  or  20  dwellings. 

Newnansville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Alachua  co., 
Flor.,  120  e.  s.  e.  Tallahassee,  72  w.  St.  Augus- 
tine. 

New  Ohio,  p-o.,  Colesville  t.,  Broome  co.,  N. 
Y.,  127  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  310  W. 

New  Orleans,  city,  port  of  entry,  and  capital 
of  Louisiana,  in  the  parish  of  Orleans,  is  the 
fourth  city  in  population,  and  the  third  in  com- 
merce, in  the  United  States.  It  is  on  the  left  bank 
of  Mississippi  r.,  which  has  here  a  singular  curve 
which  places  the  city  on  its  n.  w.  side,  and  facing 
to  the  s.  e.  It  is  105  ms.  from  its  mouth,  by  the 
course  of  the  river,  but  only  90  in  a  direct  line — 
1,132  from  St.  Louis,  1,397  from  New  York,  1,612 
from  Boston,  and  1,172  from  Washington— in  29° 
57'  n.  iat.,  90°  6'  w.  Ion.  from  Greenwich,  and 
13°  5'  w.  Ion.  from  W.  The  population  in  1810, 
was  17,242;  in  1820,  27,176;  in  1830,  46,310;  in 
1840,  102,193— of  whom  23,443  were  slaves. 
Employed  in  agriculture,  1,430;  in  commerce, 
7,392  ;  in  manufactures  and  trades,  4,593 ;  navi- 
gating the  ocean,  1,315;  do.  rivers  and  canals, 
285  ;  learned  professions,  438. 

The  old  city  proper  is  in  the  form  of  a  paral- 
lelogram, of  which  the  longer  sides  are  1,320 
yds.  long,  and  the  shorter,  toward  the  swamp  in 
the  rear,  700  yds.  Above  the  city  are  the  suburbs 
of  St.  Mary  and  Annunciation,  and  below  are 
the  suburbs  of  Marigny,  Franklin,  and  Washing- 
ton. These  are  called  Fauxbourgs.  Between 
the  city  and  the  bayou  St.  Johns,  are  the  villages 
of  St.  Claude  and  St.  Johnsburg.    The  old  city 


NEW 


469 


NEW 


proper  was  laid  out  by  the  French,  and  now  forms 
not  more  than  one  eighth  of  the  city  limits,  and 
not  more  than  one  third  of  its  thickly  settled  parts. 
In  1836,  the  legislature  pissed  an  act,  dividing 
the  city  into  3  municipalities,  ranking  them  ac- 
cording to  their  population.  The  1st  includes  the 
city  proper,  extending  with  that  width  from  the 
river  hack  to  Lake  Pontchartrain,  and  occupying 
the  centre ;  the  2d  adjoining  it  above,  and  the 
3d  below,  both  extending  from  the  river  to  the 
lake.  Each  municipality  has  a  distinct  council 
for  the  management  of  its  internal  affairs,  which 
do  not  encroach  on  the  general  government. 

The  situation  of  New  Orleans  for  commerce  is 
very  commanding.    The  length  of  the  Mississippi 
r.,  and  its  connected  waters,  which  are  navigated 
by  steam,  is  not  less  than  20,000  miles,  and  the 
country  which   they  drain  is  not  surpassed  in 
fertility  by  any  on  the  globe.     Its  advantages  for 
communication  with  the  country  in  its  immediate 
vicinity  are  also  great.     By  a  canal,  4£  ms.  long, 
it  communicates  with  Lake  Pontchartrain,  and  its 
connected   ports.     This   canal   cost    $1,000,000. 
There  is  also  a  canal,  U  m.  long,  which  commu- 
nicates with  Lake  Pontchartrain  through  bayou 
St.  John.     A  railroad,  4£  ms.  long,  connects  it 
with  Carrollton.  A  railroad,  4i  ms.  long,  connects 
the   city  with   Lake   Pontchartrain,  1  m.  E.  of 
bayou  St.  John.     The  Mexican  Gulf  railroad  ex- 
tends 21  ms.,  to  Lake  Borgne,  and  is  to  be  con- 
tinued  to  the  gulf,  at  the  South  Pass.     The  Mis- 
sissippi, opposite  to  the  city,  is  half  a  mile  wide 
and  from  100  to  160  <eet  deep,  and  continues  of 
this  depth  to  near  its  entrance  into  the  ocean, 
where  are  bars,  with  from  13i  to  16  feet  of  water. 
The  level  of  the  city  is  from  3  to  9  feet  below 
the  level  of  the  river,  at  the  highest  water.     To 
protect  it  from  inundalion,  an  embankment,  call- 
ed the  Levee,  is  raised  on  its  border,  from  4  to  10 
feet  high,  and  generally  from  20  to  40  feet  broad  ; 
but  in  front  of  the  2d  municipality,  by  the  an- 
nual deposits  made  by  the  river,  and  the  filling 
up  by  the  corporation,  it  is  extended  to  500  or  60J 
feet  broad.     This  forms  a  splendid  promenade, 
and  a  very  convenient  place  for  depositing  the 
cotton  and  other  produce  from  the  upper  country, 
which  can  be  rolled  directly  from  the  decks  of 
the  steamers  to  the  bank  of  the  r.     The  levee 
extends  from  43  ms.  below  the  city  to  120  above 
it.    The  harbor  presents  an  area  of  many  acres, 
covered    with  flat-boats,  and   keel-boats,  in   its 
upper  parts.     Sloops,  schooners,  and  brigs,  are 
arranged  along  its  wharves,  and  present  a  forest 
of  masts ;    and  steamboats  are   continually  ar- 
riving or  departing.     The  amount  of  domestic 
articles  exported  exceeds  $12,000,000  annually, 
being  greater  than  those  of  any  other  city  in  the 
Union,  excepting  New  York.    The  houses  of  the 
city  proper  have  a  French  and  Spanish  aspect, 
are  generally  stuccoed,  and  are  of  a  white  or 
yellow  color.     A  basement  story,  about  6  feet 
high,  forms  the  only  cellar,  as  none  are  sunk  be- 
neath the  surface  of  the  ground.    The  city  proper 
and  the  Fauxbourg  St.  Mary,  are  compactly  and 
substantially  built.     The  buildings  in  the  Faux- 
bourg St.  Mary  and  many  other  parts  of  the  city, 
are  >.iostly  of  brick,  and  resemble  those  of  other 
cities  of  the  United   States.     The   city  proper 
contains  66  complete  squares  ;  each  square  hav- 
ing a  front  of  319  feet  in  length.     Few  of  the 
streets,  excepting  Canal-street,  are  more  than  40 
feet  wide.     Many  of  the  seats  in  the  suburbs  are 
surrouiKled   with  spacious  gardens,   splendidly 
ornamented  with  orange,  lemon,  magnolia,  and 
other  trees.     No  city  in  the  United  States  has  so 
great  a  variety  of  inhabitants,  with  such  an  as- 
tonishing contrast  of  manners,   language,  and 


complexion.  The  French  population  probably 
still  predominates  over  the  American,  though  the 
latter  is  continually  gaining  ground.  The  water 
generally  used  in  the  city  is  rain  water,  contained 
in  cisterns  holding  from  20  to  50  hogsheads  each. 
The  Commercial  Bank  water  works,  which  cost 
$155,000,  raise  the  water  20  or  30  feet  above  the 
city,  and  distribute  it  by  pipes,  having  an  aggre- 
gate length  of  12  ms.  The  city  water  works  have 
a  pipe  1  m.  long,  to  furnish  running  water,  in  hot 
weather,  through  the  gutters  of  the  city,  which 
cost  $1 10,000.  A  draining  company,  with  a  capital 
of  $640,000,  has  2  steam  engines  for  draining  the 
marshes  between  the  city  and  Lake  Pontchartrain, 
of  35  sq.  ms.  in  extent.  The  land  is  thus  made 
valuable,  and  the  health  of  the  city  improved — 
although  it  is  still  unhealthy,  from  July  to  the 
middle  of  October.  The  city  contains  a  state 
house,  custom  house,  2  exchanges,  a  U.  S.  mint, 
a  U.  S.  land  office  ;  5  banks,  with  a  capital  of 
more  than  $10,000,000  ;  a  large  and  splendid  Ro- 
man Catholic  cathedral,  90  by  120  feet,  with  4 
towers  ;  the  Ursuline  convent,  3  theatres,  the  Col- 
lege of  Orleans,  a  charity  hospital,  which  has 
received  900  patients  in  a  year ;  3  other  hospitals, 
an  orphan  asylum,  and  various  other  charitable 
institutions.  There  are  2  large,  and  several  small- 
er cotton  presses,  of  great  importance  to  the  bu- 
siness of  the  city.  There  are  fewer  churches 
than  in  any  other  city  in  the  Union  in  proportion 
to  its  size.  The  Roman  Catholics  have  3,  the 
Episcopalians  2,  the  Presbyterians,  Baptists,  and 
Methodists,  1  each,  and  there  is  a  mariners'  church. 
There  were  in  1810,  8  commercial  and  375 
commission  houses,  with  a  cap.  of  $16,490,000; 
1,881  retail  stores,  cap.  $11,018,225;  32  lumber 
yards,  cap.  $67,800 ;  6  furnaces,  cap.  $355,000 ; 
hardware  manufactured  to  the  amount  of  $30.000 ; 

1  cotton  fee.  700  sp.,  cap.  $20,000 ;  tobacco  man- 
ufactures, cap.  $60,000  ;  1  tannery,  cap.  $50,000 ; 

2  distilleries,  cap.  $56,000 ;  3  sugar  refineries, 
value  produced  $700,000  ;  3  steam  saw  m.,  cap. 
$  175,000 ;  18  printing  offices,  5  binderies,  9  daily, 
6  weekly,  and  2  semi-weeklv  newspapers,  with 
a  cap.  of  $162,200  ;  201  brick"  and  stone,  and  210 
wooden  houses  built,  cost  $2,234,300.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $1,774,200.  2  colleges,  105  students, 
10  acad.  440  students,  25  sch.  975  scholars. 

The  city  was  founded  by  the  French  in  1717. 
In  1762  it  was  conveyed  to  the  Spanish,  who  in 
1800  reconveyed  it  to  the  French ;  and  in  1803 
it  was  purchased  by  the  United  States,  in  the 
purchase  of  Louisiana.  On  January  8th,  1815, 
the  British,  under  Gen.  Packenham,  made  an  at- 
tack on  the  city,  approaching  it  through  Lake 
Borgne  ;  but  they  were  signally  defeated  by  the 
Americans,  under  Gen.  Jackson.  The  British 
loss,  in  killed  and  wounded,  was  3,000  men,  and 
Gen.  Packenham  was  killed ;  the  Americans  lost 
only  7  men  killed  and  6  wounded. 

New  Oxford,  p-v.,  Berwick  t.,  Adams  co.,  Pa., 
33  s.  by  w.  Harrisburg,  85  W.  It  contains  1 
church,  2  stores,  and  about  45  dwellings. 

New  Paltz,  p-t.,  Ulster  co.,  N.  Y.,74  s.  by  w. 
Albany,  306  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  on  the  w., 
covered  in  part  by  Shawangunk  mountain  ;  soil, 
mostly  calcareous  loam,  and  generally  productive. 
Bounded  on  the  E.  by  Hudson  r.  Watered  by 
Walikill  r.  The  inhabitants  are  mostly  of  Dutch 
descent.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  Walikill,  9 
ms.  w.  of  the  landing,  on  the  Hudson,  and  con- 
tains 2  churches,  4  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  tannery, 
40  dwellings,  and  about  250  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.  7  stores,  cap.  $19,000  ;  3  fulling  m., 
1  woollen  fee.,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,900;  1  acad.  35  students, 
26  sch.  1,109  scholars.    Pop.  5,408. 


NEW 


461 


NEW 


Nkw  Paltz  Landing,  p-v..  New  Paltz  t.,  Li- 
ster oo.,  N.  Y.,  73  s.  by  w.  Albany,  300  W.  Sit- 
uated on  the  w.  bank  of  Hudson  r.,  opposite 
Poughkeepsie  v.,  and  contains  1  church,  4  stores, 
1  grist  m.,  1  tannery,  and  about  40  dwellings. 

New  Paris,  p-v.,  Jefferson  t.,  Preble  co.,  O., 
106  w.  by  s.  Columbus,  499  W.  Situated  on  the 
w.  bank  of  Whitewater  r.,  which  affords  good 
water  power.  It  contains  1  church,  4  stores,  2 
grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  in  the  vicinity,  60  dwellings, 
and  about  400  inhabitants. 

Nkw  Pf.tersburgh,  p-v.,  Paint  t.,  Highland 
co.,  O.,  79  s.  w.  Columbus,  134  W.  It  contains  1 
Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist  church,  4  stores,  4 
warehouses,  35  dwellings,  and  about  350  inhab- 
itants. 

New  Philadelphia,  p-v.,  Goshen  t.,  capital 
of  Tuscarawas  co.,  O.,  115  e.  n.  e.  Columbus,  313 
W.  Situated  on  the  e.  bank  of  Tuscarawas  r., 
on  a  beautiful  plain,  opposite  to  the  mouth  of 
Sugar  cr.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  several 
stores,  a  printing  office,  80  dwellings  and  about 
500  inhabitants. 

New  Philadelphia,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  la., 
96  s.  Indianapolis,  596  W. 

New  Pittsburg,  p-v.,  Chester  t.,  Wayne  co., 
O.,  92  n.  e.  Columbus,  355  W.  It  contains  2 
stores,  about  25  dwellings,  and  150  inhabitants. 

New  Plain,  p-v.,  Murray  co.,  Ga. 

Newport,  county,  R.  1.  It  consists  of  several 
islands  in  Narraganset  bay,  and  a  portion  of  the 
main  land,  and  contains  136  sq.  ms.  The  most 
important  portion  of  the  co.  is  Rhode  Island,  15 
ms.  long,  and  21  broad.  The  surface  is  gently 
uneven ;  soil,  fertile,  adapted  to  grain  and  to 
grass.  Fossil  coal  is  found.  Canonicut,  Pru- 
dence, and  Block  islands  constitute  the  chief  re- 
maining insular  portions  of  the  co.  The  advan- 
tages for  navigation  are  very  great,  and  many  of 
the  inhabitants  are  engaged  in  the  fisheries.  Cap- 
ital, Newport.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
6,633,  sheep  29,230,  swine  5,679  ;  wheat  403  bush, 
produced,  rye  3,500,  Ind.  corn  96,058,  buckwheat 
135,  barley  33,005,  oats  62,607,  potatoes  142,218; 
7  houses  in  foreign  trade,  cap.  $140,700;  133 
stores,  cap.  $337,990;  5  lumber  yards,  cap. 
630,300;  cap.  invested  in  fisheries,  $301,557 ;  2 
fulling  m.,  5  woollen  fac,  10  cotton  fac.  21,890 
sp.,  1  dyeing  and  printing  establishment,  4  tan- 
neries, 1  distillery,  1  brewery,  3  rope  fac,  24  grist 
m.,  4  saw  in.,  3  printing  offices,  2  binderies,  3 
weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $877,408. 
3  acad.  1O0  students,  62  sch.  2,471  scholars.  Pop. 
16,874. 

Newport,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  54  N.  E. 
Augusta,  619  W.  It  contains  a  large  and  beau- 
tiful pond,  into  which  several  streams  empty, 
and  the  outlet  of  which  forms  the  source  of  Se- 
basticook  r.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain. 
Its  streams  afford  water  power.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $4,800;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,3*30.  8  sch.  471  scholars. 
Pop.  1,138. 

Newport,  p-t.,  capital  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.  H., 
39  w.  by  n.  Concord,  474  W.  The  surface  is 
uneven ;  soil,  generally  fertile,  especially  on  the 
streams.  Watered  by  Sugar  r.,  the  three  branch- 
es of  which  unite  near  the  centre,  affording  good 
water  power,  and  where  is  a  pleasant  v.  Char- 
tered in  1761.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $31,000;  2 
fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  1  printing 
office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  2  grist  m.,  10  saw 
m.,  19  sch.  659  scholars.     Pop.  1,953. 

Newport,  p-t.,  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  64  n.  Mont- 
pelier,  580  W.  It  has  Lake  Memphremagog  on 
its  n.  e.  border,  and  extends  to  the  Canada  line 
on  the  n.    Watered  by  head  branches  of  Missis- 


que  r.  f  'bartered  in  1802.  It  contains  consider- 
able tracts  that  are  low  and  swampy.  It  has  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,900.  8  sch.  210 
scholars.     Pop.  591. 

Newport,  p-t.,  capital  of  Newport  co.,  and 
semi-capital  of  the  state  of  Rhode  Island,  30  s.  by 
E.  Providence,  408  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  w. 
side  of  Rhode  Island,  5  miles  from  the  ocean. 
The  harbor,  which  is  of  a  semi-circular  form, 
spreads  westward  before  the  town.  It  is  one 
of  the  finest  in  the  United  States,  being  safe, 
easy  of  access,  and  capacious,  and  sufficiently 
deep  for  vessels  of  the  largest  class.  The  har- 
bor is  defended  by  Fort  Adams,  situated  on  JBren- 
ton's  Pt.,  Island  of  Rhode  Island,  M  miles  w.  s. 
w.  of  the  town,  and  is  garrisoned  by  4  companies 
of  U.  S.  Artillery.  Fort  Greene,  built  during 
the  late  war,  has  gone  to  decay ;  it  was  at  the 
northern  extremity  of  the  town.  The  site  of  the 
town  is  a  beautiful  and  gentle  acclivity,  which 
rises  gradually  from  the  harbor,  exhibiting  it  to 
great  advantage,  as  it  is  approached  from  the  wa- 
ter. The  pleasantness  of  its  situation,  and  the 
healthfulness  of  its  climate,  its  fine  views,  and  its 
cooling  ocean  breezes,  have  rendered  it  a  favorite 
summer  resort  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  cities,  and 
of  the  southern  states.  It  contains  a  state  house, 
market  house,  theatre,  almshouse,  a  library,  con- 
taining over  3,000  volumes,  3  acad.  with  over  100 
students,  7  banks,  12  churches — 4  Baptist,  2  Con- 
gregational, 2  Episcopal,  1  Friends,  1  Moravian,  1 
Methodist,  and  a  Jews'  Synagogue— 1,200  dwell- 
ings, and  8,333  inhabitants.  The  commerce  of 
Newport  is  considerable,  with  Europe,  the  East 
and  West  Indies,  in  the  coasting  trade  and  the 
fisheries.  It  has  5  commer.  and  2  commis.  houses, 
cap.  $126,700;  104  stores,  cap.  $346,515;  3  lumber 
yards,  cap.  $26,800 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  4 
cotton  fac,  20,290  sp.,3  tanneries,  1  dist.,  1  brew- 
ery, 3  printing  offices,  2  binderies,  3  weekly  news- 
papers, 7  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $726,983. 
8  sch.  265  scholars.    Tonnage  in  1840    10,924 

Newport,  p-t.,  Herkimer  co.,  N.  Y.,  86  n.  w. 
Albany,  405  W.  The  surface  is  hilly,  with  fer- 
tile valleys ;  soil,  sandy  and  calcareous  loam, 
adapted  to  grass.  Drained  by  West  Canada  cr. 
The  v.  is  situated  on  the  cr.,  and  contains  1  Epis- 
copal and  1  Baptist  church,  3  stores,  1  flouring 
m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  distillery,  60  dwellings,  and  about 
450  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  7  stores, 
cap.  $26,700 ;  2  lumber  yards,  1  furnace,  2  full- 
ing m.,  2  cotton  fac.  1,636  sp.,  2  tanneries,  2  dis- 
tilleries, 1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac  $99,925.  10  sch.  432  scholars.  Pop. 
2,020. 

Newport,  p-v.,  Dover  t,  Cumberland  co.,  N. 
J.,  79  s.  by  w.  Trenton,  190  W.  It  is  called  also 
"Autuxet."  Situated  on  Nautuxet  cr.,  5  ms. 
above  its  mouth.  It  contains  1  store  and  about 
30  dwellings. 

Newport,  p-v.,  Juniata  t.,  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  28 
N.  w.  Harrisburg,  132  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
bank  of  Juniata  r.,  above  the  mouth  of  Little 
Buffalo  cr.  It  contains  3  stores,  1  sch.  75  scho- 
lars, and  423  inhabitants.  It  is  on  the  bank  of 
the  canal,  and  has  considerable  business.  There 
is  a  ferry  here  across  the  r. 

Newport,  t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  8  s.  w.  Wilkes- 
barre.     Watered  by  Nanticoke  r.,  which  has 


falls,  affording  great  water  power. 


At  the  falls 


a  dam  is  constructed,  for  feeding  the  N.  Branch 
canal.  Anthracite  coal  and  bog  iron  ore  are 
abundant.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $3,000  ;  1  tanne- 
ry, 3  flouring  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap  in  manufac. 
$6,400.     5  sch.  225  scholars.    Pop.  1,099. 

Newport,  p-v.,  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  49  n. 
Dover,  108  W. 


NEW 


462 


NEW 


Newport,  p-v.,  Charles  co.,  Md.,  83  s.  w.  An- 
napolis, 44  W. 

Newport,  p-o.,  Giles  co.,  Va.,  222  w.  Rich- 
mond, 268  W. 

Newport,  p-v.,  capital  of  Cocke  co.,  Tenn., 
232  e.  by  s.  Nashville,  465  W.  Situated  on  the 
s.  w.  side  of  French  Broad  r.,  and  contains  a 
court  house,  2  churches — 1  Methodist,  1  Presby- 
terian— 1  academy,  and  150  inhabitants. 

Newport,  p-v.,  capital  of  Campbell  co.,  Ky., 
86  n.  n.  E.  Frankfort,  493  W.  Situated  on  Ohio 
r.,  immediately  above  the  entrance  of  Licking  r., 
and  directly  opposite  to  Cincinnati.  It  contains 
a  court  house,  jail,  market  house,  an  academy, 
endowed  by  the  state  with  6,000  acres  of  land, 
and  a  United  States  arsenal.  It  is  situated  on  an 
elevated  plain,  commanding  a  fine  view  of  Cin- 
cinnati. 

Newport,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  O.,  118  e.  s. 
e.  Columbus,  293  W.  It  has  many  fine  farms 
with  handsome  brick  dwellings  along  the  Ohio  r. 
The  v.  is  situated  on  the  n.  bank  of  Ohio  r.,  14  ms. 
above  Marietta.  It  contains  1  church,  2  stores. 
There  are  in  the  t.  lOsch.  484  scholars.  Pop.  1,228. 

Newport,  p-v.,  capital  of  Vermilion  co.,  la., 
78  w.  Indianapolis,  650  W.  Situated  on  the  s. 
side  of  Vermilion  r.,  2  ms.  above  its  junction  with 
the  Wabash  r.  It  contains  a  brick  court  house, 
jail,  and  3  stores.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  very 
fertile  country.  There  are  in  the  t.  4  stores,  cap. 
$19,000  ;  2  tanneries.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,800. 
1  sch.  30  scholars.     Pop.  192. 

Newport,  p-v.,  Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  70  e.  Jef- 
ferson City,  877  W.  Situated  on  high  bluffs  1 
m.  from  the  Missouri  r.,  and  contains  2  stores  and 
a  landing  and  warehouse,  a  little  above,  on  the 
r.  opposite  to  Pinckney.  It  was  formerly  the 
capital  of  the  co. 

Newport,  rivers,  Ga.  The  n.  r.  is  25  ms.  long, 
navigable  to  Riceboro,  near  its  sources ;  the  s.  r. 
is  a  smaller  stream,  emptying  into  St.  Catharines 
sound. 

New  Portage,  p-v.,  Norton  t.,  Medina  co., 
O.,  119  n.  E.  by  n.  Columbus,  334  W. 

New  Portland,  p-t.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  56  n. 
n.  w.  Augusta,  650  W.  The  soil  is  very  fertile, 
adapted  to  grain.  Watered  by  Seven  Mile  Brook 
and  its  branches,  which  afford  water  power.  In- 
corporated in  1808.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $13,500 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $9,125.  17  sch.  597  scholars.  Pop. 
1,620. 

Newportville,  p-v.,  Bristol  t.,  Bucks  co., 
Pa.,  116  e.  Harrisburg,  158  W.  Situated  at  the 
head  of  navigation,  on  Neshaminy  cr.,  which 
affords  water  power.  It  contains  a  store,  about 
15  dwellings,  and  a  bridge  across  the  cr.  on  stone 
piers. 

New  Preston,  p-v.,  Washington  t.,  Litchfield 
co.,  Ct.,  43  w.  by  s.  Hartford,  320  W.  Situated 
on  w.  side  of  e.  Aspeluck  r.  It  has  2  churches — 
1  Congregational,  1  Episcopal — a  factory,  and 
several  neat  dwellings. 

New  Prospect,  p-v.,  Franklin  t.,  Bergen  co., 
N.  J.,  87  n.  E.  Trenton,  253  W.  It  is  pleasantly 
situated  on  elevated  ground,  on  Hohokus  cr.,  and 
contains  1  store,  2  paper  m.,  2  grist  m.,  a  chair 
fac,  with  lathes  moved  by  water  power,  and  a 
number  of  dwellings. 

New  Prospect,  p-v.,  Spartanburg  dist.,  S.  C, 
117  n.  w.  Columbia,  483  W. 

New  Prospect,  p-v.,  Greene  co.,  Ala.,  57  s. 
w.  Tuscaloosa,  874  W. 

New  Prospect,  p-o.,  Milton  t.,  Wayne  co., 
O.,  110  n.  e.  Columbus,  341  W. 

New  Providence,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  N.  J.,  13  s. 
w.  Newark,  56  n.  e.  by  n.  Trenton;  222  W. 


The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mountainous  on  the  w. ; 
soil,  clay  loam  and  red  shale.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $9,500 ;  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  1  paper  fac, 
1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $16,700.  1  sch.  25 
scholars.     Pop.  832. 

New  Providence,  p-o.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  46 
E.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  121  W. 

New  Providence,  p-v.,  Montgomery  countv, 
Tenn.,  47  n.  w.  Nashville,  732  W 

New  Providence,  p-v.,  Clarke  co.,  la.,  107  s. 
by  e.  Indianapolis,  618  W. 

New  Richmond,  p-o.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  216 
N.  w.  by  w.  Harrisburg. 

New  Richmond,  p-v.,  Ohio  t.,  Clermont  co., 
O.,  116  s.  w.  Columbus,  487  W.  Situated  on 
Ohio  r.,  just  above  the  mouth  of  Muddy  cr.  It 
contains  2  churches — 1  Presbyterian  and  1  Meth- 
odist— 10  stores,  1  steam  grist  m.,  1  steam  saw 
m.,  2  carding  machines,  130  dwellings,  and  about 
900  inhabitants. 

New,  r.,  Va.,  rises  in  N.  C,  and  flowing  into 
Va.,  after  passing  through  Peters  mt.,  it  is  called 
the  Great  Kanawha  r. 

New,  r.,  N.  C,  runs  into  New  River  inlet,  in 
the  Atlantic,  45  w.  s.  w.  Cape  Lookout. 

New,  r.,  Beaufort  dist.,  S.  C,  runs  nearly  par- 
allel with  Savannah  r.,  and,  by  several  mouths, 
enters  Tybee  sound. 

New,  r.,  La.,  rises  near  the  Mississippi  r., 
and  flowing  between  that  and  Amite  r.,  enters 
Lake  Maurepas. 

New  River,  p-o.,  Ascension  par.,  La.,  83  w. 
N.  w.  New  Orleans,  1,200  W. 

New  Road,  p-o.,  Sidney  t.,  Delaware  co.,  N. 
Y.,  102  s.  w.  Albany,  32,9  W. 

New  Rochelle,  p-t.,  Westchester  co.,  N.  Y., 
18  n.  e.  New  York,  145  s.  Albany,  244  W.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  level ;  soil,  clay  loam, 
adapted  to  grass.  Long  Island  sound  bounds  it 
on  the  s.  The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated  at  the 
head  of  a  small  bay  of  Long  Island  sound,  and 
has  a  good  steamboat  landing,  from  which  2 
sloops  owned  here,  trade  to  New  York,  and  steam- 
boats pass  daily.  It  contains  a  town  house,  3 
churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Meth- 
odist— 1  male  and  2  female  boarding  schools,  9 
stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  bone  button  fac,  1  printers' 
ink  fac,  1  carriage  fac,  125  dwellings,  and  about 
800  inhabitants.  It  has  a  fine  view  of  Long  Isl- 
and sound.  It.  was  early  settled  by  Huguenots, 
from  Rochelle  in  France.  It  has  2  acad.  38  stu- 
dents, 1  sch.  50  scholars.     Pop.  1,816. 

New  Rochester,  p-v.,  Freedom  t.,  Wood  co. 
O.,  108  n.  w.  Columbus,  453  W. 

New  Ross,  p-v.,  Montgomery  co.,  la.,  35  w. 
N.  w.  Indianapolis,  606  W. 

New  Rumley,  p-v.,  Rumley  t.,  Harrison  co., 
O.,  116  E.  by  n.  Columbus,  290  W.  It  contains 
1  church,  3  stores,  1  tannery,  2  carding  machines, 
30  dwellings,  and  about  201)  inhabitants. 

Newry,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  64  w.  Augusta, 
611  W.  Watered  by  Bear  river,  and  another 
branch  of  Androscoggin  r.,  which  afford  good 
water  power.  Incorporated  in  1805.  It  has 
1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$304.    4  sch.  70  scholars.    Pop.  463. 

Newry,  p-v.,  Frankstown  t.,  Huntingdon  co., 
Pa.,  122  w.  Harrisburg,  157  W.  Situated  on 
Poplar  run,  a  tributary  of  the  Frankstown  branch 
of  Juniata  r.  It  contains  1  German  Reformed 
and  1  Roman  Catholic  church,  3  stores,  1  distil- 
lery, and  about  50  dwellings  and  300  inhabitants. 

New  Salem,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  73  w. 
N.  w.  Boston,  403  W.  Miller's  r.  flows  on  its  n. 
border.  Watered  by  a  branch  of  this  river,  and 
by  a  branch  of  Middle  r.  The  surface  is  ele- 
vated ;  soil,  well  adapted  to  grazing.    Incorpo- 


NEW 


463 


NEW 


rated  in  1753.  There  is  an  academy  which 
vvas  incorporated  in  1795.  It  contains  3  churches 
—-2  Congregational  and  1  Baptist  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $4,300 ;  1  fulling  m,  2  tanneries,  2 
grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $;),150.  1 
acad.  103  students,  12  sch.  360  scholars.  Pop. 
1,305. 

New  Salem,  p-v.,  New  Scotland  t.,  Albany 
co.,  N.  Y.,  12  w.  Albany,  332  W.  It  contains  1 
Dutch  Reformed  church,  2  stores,  1  tannery,  and 
about  15  dwellings. 

New  Salem,  p-v.,  Salem  t.,  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  187 
w.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  203  W.  It  contains  2  stores, 
and  about  25  dwellings. 

New  Salem,  p-o.,  Harrison  co.,  Va.,  267  n.  w. 
Richmond,  235  W. 

New  Salem,  p-v.,  Randolph  co.,  N.  C ,  81  w. 
Raleigh,  319  W. 

New  Salem,  p-v.,  Walnut  t.,  Fairfield  co.,  O., 
40  s.  e.  Columbus,  371  W. 

New  Salem,  p-v.,  Rush  co.,  la.,  47  e.  s.  E. 
Indianapolis,  541  W. 

New  Salisuury,p-v.,  Harrison  co.,  la.,  124  s. 
Indianapolis,  616  W. 

New  Scotland,  p-t.,  Albany  co.,  N.  Y.,  9  w. 
Albany,  379  W.  The  surface  is  hilly;  soil, 
sand,  loam,  and  clay.  Drained  by  Coeyman's 
cr.  and  a  branch  of  the  Normanskill  r.  The  vil- 
lage contains  1  Presbyterian  church,  2  stores,  20 
dwellings,  and  about  125  inhabitants.  There  are 
in  the  t.  3  stores,  cap.  $12,000  ;  2  grist  m.,  4  saw 
m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,800.     Pop.  2,912. 

New  Sewickly,  t.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  5  e.  Bea- 
ver. The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  loam.  Watered 
by  Big  Beaver  r.,  which  has  falls  in  this  t.  afford- 
ing great  water  power.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$1,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  1  pottery,  2  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,200.  4  sch. 
133  scholars.     Pop.  1,740. 

New  Sharon,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  23  n.  w. 
Augusta,  621  W.  It  has  a  fertile  soil,  adapted  to 
wheat.  Drained  by  Sandy  r.,  which  flows  into 
Kennebec  r.  Incorporated  in  1791.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $10,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,300.  17  sch.  729 
scholars.     Pop.  1,829. 

New  Shoreham,  p-t.,  Newport  co.,  R.  I.,  15  s. 
s.  w.  Point  Judith,  13  n.  e.  Montauk  Point,  Long 
Island.  The  t.  comprises  Block  Island,  8  miles 
long,  and  from  2  to  4  broad.  The  surface  is  un- 
even ;  soil,  a  sandy  and  gravelly  loam,  and  pro- 
ductive. About  one  seventh  of  the  surface  is 
covered  with  ponds.  There  are  no  forests,  and 
peat  is  the  only  fuel.  There  are  1  Baptist  church, 
4  stores,  and  2  wind  m.  There  is  no  harbor  for 
vessels.  The  inhabitants  are  mostly  fishermen, 
employed  in  taking  cod  and  mackerel.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $2,500 ;  1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
61,000.     4  sch.  374  scholars.     Pop.  1,069. 

Newson's  Depot,  p-o.,  Southampton  co.,  Va.. 
78  s.  s.  e.  Richmond,  197  W.  Situated  on  the 
Portsmouth  and  Roanoke  railroad. 

New  Springfield,  p-v.,  Columbiana  co.,  O., 
167  n.  e.  by  e.  Columbus,  289  W. 
New  Stanton,  p-v.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa. 
Newstead,  p-t.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y.,  20  n.  e.  Buf- 
falo, 266  w.  Albany,  336  W.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating ;  soil,  clay,  and  gravelly  and  calcareous 
loam.  Drained  by  Ellicott's  cr.,  and  tributaries 
of  Tonawanda  cr.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $12,000  ; 
2  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  6  saw  m 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,495.  15  sch.  702  scholars; 
Pop.  2,653. 

New  Store,  p-o.,  Buckingham  co.,  Va.,  75  w. 
Richmond,  165  W. 

New  Sweden,  p-v.,  Au  Sable  t.,  Clinton  co., 
N.  Y.,  155  n.  Albany,  530  W.    Situated  on  the 


n.  side  of  Au  Sable  r.,  and  contains  2  stores,  1 
forge,  5  saw  m.,  40  dwellings,  and  about  250  in- 
habitants. 

Newton,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  central 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  460  square  miles. 
Drained  by  Yellow  and  Alconahatchee  rivers, 
branches  of  Ocmulgee  r.,  which  flows  on  its  s. 
w.  border.  Capital,  Covington.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  6,031,  sheep  4,212,  swine 
17,233;  wheat  46,222  bushels  oroduced,  rye 
901,  Indian  corn  465,329,  oats  26,373,  potatoes 
13,990,  tobacco  747  pounds,  cotton  4,115,635  ;  26 
stores,  cap.  $62,000 ;  7  lumber  yards,  cap.  $9,230  ; 
1  cotton  fac  396  sp.,  2  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  4 
flouring  m.,  12  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $53,641.  1  acad.  25  students,  1  sch.  30  schol- 
ars. Pop.  whites  7,890,  slaves  3,720,  free  col'd 
18;  total,  11,623. 

Newton,  county,  Miss.  Situated  a  little  s. 
E.  of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  5 10  sq. 
miles.  Drained  by  head  branches  of  Chicka- 
sawha  r.  Capital,  Decatur.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  9,316,  sheep  1,337,  swine  14,120  ; 
wheat  1,924  bushels  produced,  Ind.  corn  95,751, 
potatoes  10,312,  rice  1,670  pounds,  cotton  273,392 ; 
1  tannery,  6  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  1  college,  2  sch. 
48  scholars.  Pop.  whites  1,980,  slaves  546,  free 
col'd  1 ;  total,  2,527. 

Newton,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the  s.  w. 
corner  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,150  sq.  miles. 
Drained  by  branches  of  Neosho  river.  Capital, 
Neosho.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,824, 
sheep  3,721,  swine  17,290;  wheat  6,151  bushels 
produced,  Ind.  corn  264,116,  oats  5,918,  potatoes 
9,561,  tobacco  9,170  pounds,  cotton  1,533,  sugar 
,752;  12  stores,  cap.  $23,440;  4  tanneries,  4 
distilleries,  6  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $8,950.  6  sch.  114  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
3,616,  slaves  169,  free  col'd  5  ;  total,  3,790. 

Newton,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  7  w.  Bos- 
ton,  433  W.  It  lies  on  a  bend  of  Charles  river, 
which  bounds  it  on  3  sides,  and  furnishes  ex- 
tensive water  power,  having  2  falls,  at  each  of 
which  is  a  v.  Incorporated  in  169 1.  The  v. 
at  the  Upper  Falls  contains  2  churches — 1  Bap- 
tist and  1  Methodist— a  nail  fac,  rolling  m.  and 
machine  shop,  and  about  70  dwellings.  The  r. 
descends  35  feet  in  half  a  mile,  and,  in  one  place, 
falls  over  a  ledge  of  rocks  20  feet  high.  The  v.  at 
the  Lower  Falls  is  2  ms.  n.  w.,  lies  partly  in  Need- 
ham,  and  contains  1  Episcopal  church,  5  paper 
m.,  and  about  50  dwellings.  The  Boston  and 
Worcester  railroad  passes  through  it.  The  New- 
ton Theological  Seminary,  under  the  direction 
of  the  Baptists,  was  founded  in  this  town  in  1825, 
and  has  a  brick  edifice  85  feet  long,  49  wide,  and 
3  stories  high,  which  cost  about  $10,000;  3 
houses  for  professors,  and  a  mansion  house  for 
boarding  the  students.  It  has  3  professors,  33 
students,  137  graduates,  and  4,000  vols,  in  its 
libraries.  There  are  in  the  I.  15  stores,  cap. 
$29,600;  1  cotton  fac.  5,712  sp.,  3  paper  fac,  2 
grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $318,000.  4  acad. 
114  students,  11  schools,  509  scholars.  Pop. 
3,351. 

Newton,  p-t.,  capital  of  Sussex  co.,  N.  J.,  70 
n.  Trenton,  238  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  on  the 
N.  w.  and  on  the  s.  E.,  and  level  in  the  centre. 
Watered  by  Paulinskill.  The  borough  or  p-v.  is 
situated  on  the  Paulinskill,  has  several  streets, 
with  a  large  public  square  in  the  centre,  on 
which  stands  the  court  house,  jail,  and  county- 
offices.  It  contains  3  churches-1  Presbyterian,  J 
Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist— 1  academy  and  1 
high  school,  a  bank,  a  lyceum,  a  public  library, 
8  stores,  2  printing  offices,  each  issuing  a  week- 
ly newspaper,  about  150  dwellings,  and  9JO  in- 


NEW 


464 


NEW 


habitants.  The  court  house  was  built  in  1765. 
The  Eoiscopal  church  has  a  valuable  glebe  farm 
of  100  acres  near  the  v.  There  are  in  the  t.  15 
stores,  cap.  $53,030 ;  1  furnace,  1  fulling  m.,  2 
woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  2  printing 
offices,  2  weekly  newspapers,  5  grist  m.,  7  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $91,325.  3  acad.  91  stu- 
dents, 15  sch.  537  scholars.     Pop.  3,857. 

Newton,  t.,  Gloucester  co.,  N.  J.,  6  n.  e. 
Woodbury.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  sandy, 
covered  extensively  with  yellow  pine  ;  the  cul- 
tivated parts  are  devoted  to  the  raising  of  vege- 
tables for  market.  Watered  by  Cooper's  and 
Newton  creeks.  It  contains  2  villages.  There 
are  in  the  t.  9  stores,  cap.  $35,400 ;  1  fulling  m., 
1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  pottery,  3  grist  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $21,190.    3  acad.  155  students, 

5  sch.  245  scholars.    Pop.  1,363. 

Newton,  t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  16  w.  Car- 
lisle. The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  calcareous 
loam.  Yellow  Breeches  cr.  rises  in  Big  pond 
on  its  w.  border,  and  flows  through  it.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $4,000;  2  commission  houses,  cap. 
$9,000 ;  1  furnace,  2  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac, 

1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  3  flouring  m.,  6  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $31,250.  7  sch.  317  scholars. 
Pop.  1,499. 

Newton,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  14  n.  w.  Phil- 
adelphia. The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  loam.  Wa- 
tered by  Crum  and  Darby  creeks.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $13,000;  1  tannery,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $7,000.  5  sch.  105  scholars.  Pop. 
752. 

Newton,  t.,  Miami  co.,  O.    It  has  1  distillery, 

2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,300. 

6  sch.  293  scholars.     Pop.  1,242. 

Newton,  p-t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.,  60  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 345  W.  It  contains  3  churches,  and  has 
2  or  3  salt  works.  It  has  15  sch.  522  scholars. 
Pop.  2,568. 

Newton,  t.,  Licking  co.,  O.  It  has  2  sch.  60 
scholars.     Pop.  1,247. 

Newton,  t.,  Pike  co.,  O.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$2,000 ;  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $260.  4 
sch.  74  scholars.    Pop.  326. 

Newton,  p-t,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  114  w.  De- 
troit, 579  W.  It  has  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$12,050.     1  sch.  25  scholars.    Pop.  235. 

Newton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jasper  co.,  111.,  130  s. 
e.  Springfield,  707  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side 
of  Embarrass  r.,  and  contains  1  Baptist  church,  2 
stores,  and  about  150  inhabitants. 

Newton  Centre,  p-v.,  Newton  t.,  Middlesex 
co.,  Mass.,  7  w.  Boston,  431  W.  It  contains  2 
churches — 1  Baptist  and  1  Congregational — and 
a  theological  seminary.     (See  Newton.) 

Newton  Falls,  p-v.,  Newton  t.,  Trumbull 
co.,  O.,  162  n.  e.  Columbus,  311  W.  Situated  on 
the  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio  canal,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  2  branches  of  the  Mahoning  r.,  which 
afford  good  water  power.  It  contains  2  churches, 
4  stores,  3  warehouses,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  2 
woollen  fac,  1  paper  m.,  and  about  450  inhabit- 
ants.    Iron  ore  is  found  in  the  vicinity. 

Newton  Hamilton,  p-o.,  Mifflin  co.,  Pa.,  82 
N.  w.  Harrisburg,  140  W. 

Newton  Lower  Falls,  p-v.,  Newton  t.,  Mid- 
dlesex co.,  Mass.,  11  w.  Boston,  429  W.  Situ- 
ated mostly  on  the  e.  side  of  Charles  r.,  and  has 
an  Episcopal  church  and  5  paper  fac. 

Newton's  Corners,  p-o.,  Northampton  t., 
Fulton  co.,  N.  Y.,  51  s.  w.  Albany,  420  W. 

Newton  Upper  Falls,  Newton  t.,  Middlesex 
co.,  Mass.,  9  w.  Boston,  429  W.  Situated  on  the 
E.  side  of  Charles  r.  It  has  2  churches — 1  Bap- 
tist and  1  Methodist— 2  cotton  fac,  and  1  iron 
works. 


Newtown,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.,  30  s. 
E.  Concord,  474  W.  It  contains  a  large  pond  on 
its  N.  w.  border.  The  soil  is  fertile.  First  settled 
in  1720.  Here  was  formed  the  first  Baptist  church 
in  the  state.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $2,100.  Cap. 
in  manufac  $2,500.  3  sch.  195  scholars.  Pop 
541. 

Newtown,  p-t.,  Fairfield  co.,  Ct.,  62  s.  w 
Hartford,  293  W.  The  surface  is  elevated  and 
hilly ;  soil,  gravelly  loam,  and  fertile.  Watered 
by  Potatuck  r.,  a  branch  of  the  Housatonic  The 
borough  is  on  elevated  ground,  chiefly  on  one 
street,  80  rods  long,  and  contains  3  churches — 1 
Congregational,  1  Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist — 4 
stores,  and  about  40  or  50  dwellings.  Sandy 
Hook,  another  v.,  is  11  mile  n.  e.,  on  the  Pota- 
tuck r.,  where  is  a  good  water  power,  and  various 
mills  and  manufactories,  and  about  50  dwellings. 
The  t.  contains  5  churches — 2  Episcopal,  1  Con- 
gregational, 1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist.  It  has  16 
stores,  cap.  $46,900 ;  3  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac 
3J0  sp.,  3  tanneries,  6  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac  $70,100.  2  acad.  45  students,  18  sch. 
583  scholars.     Pop.  3,189. 

Newtown,  p-t.,  Queens  co.,  N.  Y.,  152  s.  Al- 
bany, 232  W.  The  surface  is,  in  some  parts, 
uneven  and  stony;  soil,  sand  and  clay  loam, 
well  cultivated,  and  particularly  adapted  to  fruit. 
Bounded  n.  by  the  East  r.  and  Long  Island  sound. 
Drained  by  Newtown  cr.  The  v.  contains  4 
churches — 1  Dutch  Reformed,  1  Episcopal,  and 
2  Methodist— a  town  house,  4  stores,  80  dwell- 
ings, and  about  500  inhabitants.  There  are  in 
the  t.  10  stores,  cap.  $22,500 ;  2  lumber  yards, 
cap.  $3,500 ;  1  woollen  fac,  2  grist  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $98,900.  1  acad.  55  students,  10  sch. 
466  scholars.     Pop.  5,054. 

Newtown,  p-t.,  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  20  n.  e.  Phila- 
delphia, 113  E.  Harrisburg,  160  W.  The  surface 
is  level ;  soil,  a  fertile  clay  loam,  and  well  culti- 
vated. Drained  by  Newtown  cr.,  a  branch  of  Ne- 
shaminy  cr.,  which  affords  water  power.  The 
borough  is  on  Newtown  cr.,  and  contains  1  Pres- 
byterian and  1  Friends  church,  2  stores,  and  about 
100  dwellings.  It  was  formerly  the  capital  of 
the  co.  A  large  number  of  excellent  carriages 
are  manufactured  here.  There  are  in  the  t.  1 
store,  cap.  $1,200;  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac  $2,235.  1  acad.  50  students,  6  sch.  436 
scholars.     Pop.  1,414. 

Newtown,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  14  n.  w. 
Philadelphia.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  loam. 
Drained  by  Crum  and  Darby  creeks.  The  v.,  at 
the  centre,  contains  a  church.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $13,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $7,000.    5  sch.  105  scholars.     Pop.  752. 

Newtown,  p-v.,  Worcester  co.,  Md.,  126  s.  e. 
Annapolis,  166  W. 

Newtown,  p-v.,  King  and  Queen  co.,  Va.,  38 
e.  n.  e.  Richmond,  106  W.  Situated  3  ms.  n.  of 
Mattapony  r.  It  contains  1  Reformed  Baptist  or 
Campbell'ite  church,  1  male  seminary,  2  stores, 
20  dwellings,  and  about  100  inhabitants. 

Newtown,  p-v.,  Scott  co.,  Ky.,  25  e.  by  N. 
Frankfort,  518  W. 

Newtown,  p-v.,  Anderson  t.,  Hamilton  co., 
O.,  119  s.  w.  by  w.  Columbus,  490  W.  Situated 
on  the  e.  side  of  Little  Miami  r.,  and  contains  1 
church,  1  steam  m.,  1  distillery,  and  about  30 
dweUings.    There  are  4  flouring  m.  within  2  ms. 

Newtown,  p-v.,  Fountain  co.,  la.,  63  w.  n.  w. 
Indianapolis,  634  W. 

Newtown,  p-v.,  Hinds  co.,  Miss.,  10  s.  Jack- 
son, 1,020  W. 

Newtown,  cr.,  rises  in  Newtown,  Queens  co., 
N.  Y.,  and  flows  into  the  East  r.,  opposite  to  the 
city  of  New  York. 


NEW 


465 


NEW 


Newtown  Square,  p-v.,  Delaware  to.,  Pa., 
90  k.  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  132  VV.  It  contains  a 
church,  a  store,  and  5  or  6  dwellings. 

Newtown  Stephensburg,  p-v.,  Frederick  co., 
Va.,  154  n.  n.  w.  Richmond,  82  W.  It  contains  2 
churches — 1  Methodist,  and  1  common  to  Lu- 
therans and  German  Re.'brmed — 2  stores,  3  tan- 
neries, about  100  dwellings,  and  700  inhabitants. 

New  Trenton,  p-v.,  Whitewater  t.,  Franklin 
co.,  la.,  81  e.  s.  e.  Indianapolis,  516  W.  It  con- 
tains 3  stores,  and  about  250  inhabitants. 

New  Tripoli,  p-v.,  Linn  t.,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa., 
86  e.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  178  W.  Situated  on  a 
branch  of  Maiden  cr. 

New  Utrecht,  p-t.,  Kings  co.,  N.  Y.,  7  s.  N. 
York,  151  s.  by  w.  Albany,  231  W.  The  surface 
is  slightly  hilly  on  the  n.,  but  elsewhere  level ; 
soil,  light  sand  or  loam.  It  occupies  the  extreme 
w.  end  of  Long  Island,  being  separated  from 
Staten  Island  by  the  "  Narrows."  It  contains  1 
Dutch  Reformed  church,  3  stores,  30  dwellings, 
and  about  175  inhabitants.  One  mile  w.  is  the 
"  Bath  House,"  much  resorted  to  during  the  sum- 
mer season  as  a  watering  place.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $1:3,500.  Cap.  in  rnanufac.  $9,200.  1  acad. 
35  students,  2  sch.  107  scholars.     Pop.  1,233. 

New  Vernon,  p-o.,  Mount  Hope  t.,  Orange  co., 
N.  Y.,  105  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  28J  W. 

New  Vernon,  p-v.,  Morris  co.,  N.  J.,  49  n. 
Trenton,  220  W. 

New  Vienna,  p-o.,  Clinton  co.,  O. 

New  Village,  p-v.,  Brookhaven  t.,  Suffolk 
co.,  N.  Y.,  198  s.  s.  e.  Albany,  278  W.  It  has  a 
Methodist  church,  1  store,  and  several  dwellings. 

New  Village,  p-v.,  Greenwich  t.,  Warren  co., 
N.  J.,  54  n.  n.  w.  Trentou,  205  W.  Situated  on 
the  3Iorris  canal,  and  contains  1  store  and  about 
12  dwellings. 

Newville,  p-v.,  Danube  t.,  Herkimer  co.,  N. 
Y.,  66  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  389  W.  It  contains  1 
church,  1  store,  1  grist  m.,  1  tannery,  1  clothier's 
works,  30  dwellings,  and  about  2  10  inhabitants. 

Newville,  p-b.,  Newton  t.,  Cumberland  co., 
Pa.,  3)  s.  w.  Harrisburg,  113  W.  Situated  on 
Bi°[  Spring  cr.    Incorporated  in  1817.    It  contains 

1  Presbyterian  and  1  Associate  Reformed  church ; 
11  stores,  capital  $45,800;  1  lumber  vard,  capital 
§1,000;  2  tanneries.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $20,950. 

2  sch.  130  scholars.     Pop.  654. 

Newville,  p-o.,  Sussex  co.,  Va.,  46  s.  s.  e. 
Richmond,  165  W. 


Newville,  p-v.,  Worthingion  t.,  Richland  co., 
O.,  74  n.  n.  e.  Tolumbus,  372  W.  Handsomely 
siluated  on  the  N.  side  of  Clear  fork  of  Mohiecau 
cr.  It  contains  1  church,  3  store.--,  1  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.,  2  carding  machines,  1  fulling  m.,  40 
dwellings,  and  about  two  hundred  and  fifty  in- 
habitants. 

Newville,  p-v.,  De  Kalb  co.,  la.,  156  n.  n.  e. 
Indianapolis,  538  W. 

New  Vineyard,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  48  n. 
w.  Augusta,  635  W.  The  surface  is  uneven; 
soil,  generally  productive,  adapted  to  grain.  Wa- 
tered by  a  branch  of  Seven  Mile  r.,  and  by  a 
branch  of  Sandy  r.,  both  tributaries  of  Kennebec 
r.  Incorporated  in  1302.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  3 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,200.  5  sch.  385 
scholars.     Pop.  927. 

New  Wakefield,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Ala., 
164  s.  s.  w.  Tuscaloosa,  976  W. 

New  Washington,  p-v.,  Clarke  co.,  la.,  97  s. 
by  E.  Indianapolis,  578  W. 

New  Westville,  p-o.,  Preble  co.,  O.,  104  w. 
by  s.  Columbus,  497  W. 

New  Wilmington,  p-v.,  Lackawannock  t., 
Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  241  w.  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  284  W. 
It  contains  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  and  15  or  20  dwell- 
ings. 

New  Winchester,  p-v.,  Marion  co.,  O.,  62  n. 
Columbus,  407  W. 

New  Winchester,  p-v.,  Hendricks  co.,  la., 
27  w.  Indianapolis,  598  W. 

New  Windsor,  p-t.,  Orange  co.,  N.  Y.,  86  s. 
by  w.  Albany,  288  W.  The  surface  is  uneven 
and  hilly ;  soil,  loam,  fertile,  and  adapted  to 
grass.  Drained  by  Murderer's  cr.,  flowing  into 
Hudson  r.,  which  last  bounds  it  on  the  e.  The 
v.  is  situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Hudson  r.,  and 
contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Episcopal  church, 
1  store,  2  warehouses,  1  ship  yard  and  railway, 
40  dwellings,  and  about  250  inhabitants.  Two 
sloops  and  1  barge  run  to  New  York.  De  Witt 
Clinton  was  born  here,  and  his  father's  house  is 
still  standing,  and  in  good  repair.  There  are  in 
the  t.  9  seh.  641  scholars.     Pop.  2,432. 

New  Windsor,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  65  n. 
w.  Annapolis,  66  W. 

New  Woodstock,  p-v.,  Cazenovia  t.,  Madison 
co.,  N.  Y.,  115  w.  by  n.  Albany,  347  W.  It  con- 
tains 2  churches,  2  stores,  1  woollen  fac.,  1  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.,  50  dwellings,  and  about  300  in- 
habitants. 


NEW  YORK. 


New  York,  the  most  northern  of  the  middle  United  States,  and  the  most  populous  state  in  the 
Union,  is  bounded  n.  by  Lake  Ontario,  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  and  Lower  Canada ;  e.  by  Ver- 
mont, Massachusetts,  and  Connecticut ;  s.  by  the  Atlantic,  New  Jersey,  and  Pennsylvania ;  and 
w.  by  Pennsylvania,  Lake  Erie,  and  Niagara  river.  It  lies  between  39°  45'  and  45°  n.  lat.,  and 
between  73°  and  79°  55'  w.  Ion.,  and  between  2°  51'  w.,  and  5°  e.  long,  from  W.  It  is  about  316 
miles  long,  and  314  broad  ;  containing  46,000  square  miles,  or  11,040,000  acres.  The  population  in 
1790,  was  340,120;  in  1800,  586,050;  in  1810,  959,049;  in  1820,  1,372,812;  in  1830,  1.913,508;  m 
1840,  2,423,921.  Of  these,  853,929  were  white  males,  816,276  do.  females ;  6,435  free  colored 
males,  6,428  do.  females.  Employed  in  mining,  1,898;  in  agriculture,  455,954;  in  commerce, 
28,468;  manufactures  and  trades,  173,193;  navigating  the  ocean,  5,511;  do.  lakes  and  canals, 
10,167;  learned  professions,  14,111. 

This  state  is  divided  into  53  counties,  which,  with  their  population  in  1840,  and  their  capitals,  are 
as  follows  :  Albany,  63,593,  Albany ;  Alleghany,  40,975,  Angelica ;  Broome,  22,338,  Bingham- 
ton;  Cattaraugus,  28,872,  Ellicottsville ;  Cayuga,  50,333,  Auburn ;  Chautauciue,  47,975,  May- 
ville;  Chemung,  20,732,  Elmira ;  Chenango,  40,785,  Norwich;  Clinton,  23,157,  Pittsburgh; 
Cortland,  24,607,  Cortlandville ;  Delaware,  35,396,  Delhi;  Erie,  62,465,  Buffalo;  Essex, 
23,634,  Elizabethtown  ;  Franklin,  16,518,  Malone ;  Fulton,  18,049,  Johnstown ;  Genesee,  59,m37, 
Batavia;  Hamilton^  1,907,  Lake  Pleasant;  Herkimer,  37,477,  Herkimer;  Jefferson,  60/J84, 

59 


NEW  466  NEW 


Watertown;  Lewis,  17,830,  Martinsburg ;  Livingston,  35,140,  Geneseo:  Madison,  40,003,  Mor- 
risville;  Monroe,  64.902,  Rochester;  Montgomery,  35,818,  Canajoharie;  Niagara,  31,132, 
Lockpnrt;  Oneida,  85,310,  Utica,  Rome,  Whitestown;  Onondaga,  67,911,  Syracuse;  Ontario, 
43,501,  Canandaigua;  Orleans,  25,127,  Albion;  Oswego,  43,619,  Oswego,  Pulaski;  Otsego, 
49,628,  Cooperstown ;  Rensellaer,  60,295,  Troy ;  Saratoga,  40,553,  Ballston;  Schenectady, 
17,387,  Schenectady ;  Schoharie,  32,358,  Schoharie ;  Seneca,  24,874,  Ovid,  Waterloo ;  St.  Law- 
rence, 56,706,  Canton;  Steuben,  46,138,  Bath;  Tioga,  20,527,  Owego;  Tompkins,  37,948,  Itha- 
ca ;  Warren,  13,422,  Caldwell ;  Washington,  41,080,  Salem,  Sandy  Hill ;  Wayne,  42,057, 
Lyons ;  Yates,  20,444,  Penn  Yan ;  Columbia,  43,252,  Hudson ;  Dutchess,  52,393,  Poughkeep- 
sie;  Greene,  30,446,  Catskill;  Kings,  47,613,  Brooklyn;  New  York,  312,710,  New  York; 
Orange,  50,739,  Goshen,  Newburg ;  Putnam,  12,825,  Carmel ;  Queens,  30,324,  North  Hempstead ; 
Richmond,  10,965,  Richmond;  Rockland,  11,975,  Clarkstown;  Suffolk,  32,469,  Riverhead; 
Sullivan,  15,629,  Monticello;  Ulster,  45,822,  Kingston ;  Westchester,  48,656,  Bedford,  White 
Plains.  These  counties  are  divided  into  807  townships,  including  9  cities,  and  125  incorporated 
villages. 

The  capital  of  the  state  is  Albany,  on  the  w.  bank  of  the  Hudson  r.,  145  ms.  n.  of  New  York. 

Tliis  state  has  a  great  variety  of  surface.  Two  chains  of  highlands,  rising  in  some  parts  to  moun- 
tains, pass  along  the  eastern  part  of  the  state,  and  may  be  regarded  as  a  continuation  of  the  eastern 
chain  of  the  Alleghanies.  One  of  these,  coming  from  New  Jersey,  crosses  the  Hudson  near  West 
Point,  constituting  what  are  called  the  Highlands,  and  passing  northward,  separates  the  waiers 
which  fall  into  the  Hudson  from  those  which  fall  into  Long  Island  sound.  The  other,  and  prin- 
cipal range,  comes  from  Pennsylvania,  and  forms  the  Catskill  mountains,  and  proceeding  k.  crosses 
the  Mohawk,  and  forms,  in  the  n.  e.  part  of  the  state,  opposite  to  Lake  Champlain,  some  high  summits 
called  the  Adirondack  mountains.  The  highest  peak  of  the  Catskill  mountains  is  Round  Top, 
3,804  feet  high.  Pine  Orchard,  2,274  ft.  high,  back  of  Catskill,  has  a  fine  hotel,  which  is  much  fre- 
quented in  the  summer  season,  and  which  embraces  a  prospect  70  miles  in  extent,  including  the 
Hudson  river,  whitened  with  sails,  and  skirted  in  the  distance  by  the  lofty  Green  mountains.  The 
highest  summits  west  of  Lake  Champlain,  are  Whiteface,  about  5,000,  and  Mount  Marcy,  5,460  feet 
high.  The  country  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  state  is  generally  hilly,  where  it  is  not  mountainous. 
In  the  western  part  of  the  state  it  is  level,  excepting  in  the  s.  toward  the  Pennsylvania  line,  where 
it  becomes  uneven  and  rough.  The  soil  is  generally  good,  and  in  some  parts  exceedingly  fertile. 
The  eastern  part  is  best  adapted  to  grazing,  and  the  western  to  grain.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  grass, 
rye,  barley,  oats,  buckwheat,  and  potatoes  are  raised  in  great  quantities.  Beef  and  pork,  butter 
and  cheese,  horses  and  cattle,  pot  and  pearl  ashes,  flax  seed,  peas,  beans,  and  lumber,  form  exten- 
sive articles  of  export.  Apples,  pears,  plums,  and  peaches,  succeed  well  in  different  parts  of  the 
state.  In  this  state  there  were  in  1840,  474,543  horses  and  mules  ;  1,911,244  neat  cattle  ;  5,118,777 
sheep;  1,900,065  swine;  poultry  to  the  value  of  $1,153,413.  There  were  produced  12,286,418 
bushels  of  wheat ;  2,520,060  of  barley  ;  20,675,847  of  oats ;  2,979,323  of  rye  ;  2,287,885  of  buck- 
wheat ;  10,972,286  of  Indian  corn  ;  9,845,295  pounds  of  wool ;  447,250  of  hops  ;  30,123,614  bushels 
of  potatoes;  3,127,047  tons  of  hay;  1,735  pounds  of  silk  cocoons;  10,048,109  pounds  of  sugar. 
The  products  of  the  dairy  amounted  to  $10,496,021 ;  and  of  the  orchard  to  $1,701,935;  of  lumber 
to  $3,891,302.  There  were  produced  6,799  gallons  of  wine  ;  and  of  pot  and  pearl  ashes  7,613  tons  ; 
tar,  pitch,  turpentine,  &c,  402  barrels. 

The  climate  of  New  York  is  various.  The  winters  on  the  seacoast  are  mild,  but  changeable. 
In  the  n.  e.  part  they  are  severe,  but  more  uniform.  In  the  extensive  level  country  w.  of  the 
mountains,  the  climate  is  more  mild  than  in  the  same  latitude  in  the  E. 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  Hudson,  324  miles  long,  navigable  for  sloops  156  miles  to  Troy,  and 
enters  into  New  York  bay,  and  thence  into  the  Atlantic ;  the  Mohawk,  135  miles  long,  which  en- 
ters the  Hudson  a  little  above  Troy ;  the  Genesee,  125  miles  long,  and  enters  Lake  Ontario, 
having  at  Rochester,  5  miles  from  its  mouth,  two  falls  of  96  and  75  feet,  furnishing  many  of  the  finest 
mill  seats ;  Black  river,  which  rises  near  the  sources  of  the  Hudson,  and  flows  120  miles  into 
Lake  Ontario ;  the  Saranac,  65  miles  long,  enters  Lake  Champlain  at  Plattsburgh ;  the  Oswe- 
gatchie  flows  100  miles,  into  the  St.  Lawrence ;  the  Oswego  proceeds  40  miles,  from  Oneida  lake 
into  Lake  Ontario ;  the  Au  Sable  rises  in  the  Adirondack  mts.,  and  after  a  course  of  75  miles  enters 
Lake  Champlain.  The  majestic  St.  Lawrence  forms  a  part  of  the  northern  boundary  of  the  state. 
The  head  branches  of  the  Susquehanna,  the  Alleghany,  and  the  Delaware,  rise  in  this  state. 

The  state  has  a  considerable  number  of  lakes  which  lie  wholly  within  it,  besides  Lake  Ontario 
on  the  N.,  and  Champlain  on  the  E.,  winch  are  but  partly  within  it.  Besides  these,  Lake  George 
in  the  n.  e.,  33  ms.  long  and  2  broad,  is  a  beautiuil  sheet  of  water,  surrounded  by  the  most  pic- 
turesque scenery,  and  has  an  outlet  into  Lake  Champlain.  In  the  western  part  of  the  state  are 
Oneida  lake,  20  ms.  long  and  3*  wide  ;  Skeneateles  lake,  15  ms.  long  and  1  to  H  broad  ;  Owasco 
lake,  1 1  ms.  long  and  1  to  2  broad  ;  Cayuga  lake,  38  ms.  long  and  1  to  4  broad  ;  Seneca  lake,  35 
ms.  long  and  2  to  4  broad ;  Crooked  lake,  18  ms.  long  and  1  to  H  broad ;  Canandaigua  lake,  14  ms. 


NEW  467  NEW 


long  and  1  broad.  These  lakes  all  discharge  their  waters  into  Lake  Ontario.  In  the  extreme  w. 
part  of  the  state  is  Chautauque  lake,  18  ms.  long  and  1  to  3  broad  ;  situated  near  Lake  Erie,  but  dis- 
charging its  waters  s.  into  the  Alleghany  river. 

The  islands  of  New  York  are — Long  Island,  120  miles  long  from  w.  to  e.,  and  about  10  miles  as 
its  average  breadth.  It  contains  Kings,  Queens,  and  Suffolk  counties.  Within  the  bays,  at  its  e. 
part,  are  Fisher's  Island,  Shelter  Island,  Robins's  Island,  and  some  others.  Staten  Island,  s.  w.  of 
the  harbor  of  New  York,  is  18  miles  long  and  8  wide,  and  constitutes  the  county  of  Richmond. 
Manhattan  Island,  on  which  the  City  of  New  York  stands,  is  15  miles  long,  and  about  H  wide 
at  an  average  breadth,  and  contains  the  county  of  New  York.  Grand  Island,  in  Niagara  river,  is 
12  miles  long,  and  from  2  to  7  wide,  and  extends  to  within  H  miles  of  the  falls. 

The  harbor  of  New  York  city  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  United  States,  and  is  on  New  York  bay, 
which  extends  8  miles  above  the  Narrows,  and  is  about  25  miles  in  circumference.  It  is  safe,  spa- 
cious, and  accessible  at  all  seasons  of  the  year.  On  the  bar,  at  Sandy  Hook,  it  has  a  depth  of 
from  21  to  27  feet,  and  is  deeper  above.  The  Hudson  is  navigable  for  large  ships,  about  130  miles 
to  Hudson.  Sag  Harbor  on  the  E.,  and  Brooklyn  on  the  w.  end  of  Long  Island,  have  good  harbors. 
Sacketts  Harbor  has  a  good  natural,  and  Oswego  a  good  artificial  harbor  on  Lake  Ontario.  Buf- 
falo and  Dunkirk  are  harbors  on  Lake  Erie. 

New  York  is  the  chief  commercial  city  of  the  state,  and  of  the  United  States.  Situated  on  an 
island  of  the  same  name,  it  has  a  harbor  on  three  sides ;  and  its  facilities  for  commerce  with  all 
parts  of  the  country  and  of  the  world,  are  unrivalled  ;  and  in  the  amount  of  its  shipping,  it  is  second 
only  to  London.  Brooklyn,  on  Long  Island,  opposite  New  York,  must  be  regarded  as  an  append- 
age of  the  great  city,  though  it  has  become  itself  a  large  city,  being  the  second  in  population  in  the 
state,  and  the  seventh  in  the  Union.  Albany,  Rochester,  Troy,  Buffalo,  and  Utica,  are  large  and 
flourishing  cities.  Poughkeepsie,  Newburgh,  Hudson,  Cattskill,  and  Lansingburgh,  on  the  Hudson ; 
Schenectady,  on  the  Mohawk;  Geneva,  Syracuse,  Auburn,  Lockport,  and  Ithaca,  in  the  w.,  and 
Plattsburgh  in  the  n.,  are  large  and  flourishing  places. 

The  commerce  of  New  York  greatly  surpasses  that  of  every  other  state  in  the  Union.  The  ex- 
ports in  1840,  were  $34,264,080 ;  and  the  imports  were  $60,440,750. 

In  the  year  1840,  there  were  469  commercial  and  1,044  commission  houses  engaged  in  foreign 
trade,  with  a  capital  of  $49,533,001 ;  12,207  retail  drygoods  and  other  stores,  with  a  capital  of 
$42,135,795;  9,592  persons  engaged  in  the  lumber  trade,  with  a  capital  of  $2,694,170;  7,593  per- 
sons engaged  in  internal  transportation,  and  804  butchers,  packers,  &c,  the  whole  employing  a 
capital  of  $2,833,916 ;  the  fisheries  employed  1,228  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $949,250. 

The  manufactures  of  New  York  are  also  extensive.  Home-made  or  family  goods  were  produced 
amounting  to  $4,636,547 ;  323  woollen  manufactories,  with  890  fulling  mills,  employing  4,636  per- 
sons, produced  articles  to  the  amount  of  $3,537,337,  and  employed  a  capital  of  $3,469,349;  117 
cotton  manufactories,  with  211,659  spindles,  employed  7,407  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $4,900,772; 
332  persons  produced  2,867,884  bushels  of  salt,  employing  a  capital  of  $5,601,000  ;  186  furnaces 
produced  29,038  tons  of  cast  iron,  and  120  forges,  &c,  produced  53,693  tons  of  bar  iron,  consumed 
123,677  tons  of  fuel,  employed  3,456  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $2,103,418;  9  smelting  houses  pro- 
duced 670,000  pounds  of  lead,  employing  333  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $221,000 ;  77  paper  mills 
produced  articles  to  the  amount  of  $673,121,  and  other  paper  manufactures  produced  $89,637,  the 
whole  employing  749  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $703,550 ;  hats  and  caps  were  manufactured  to  the 
amount  of  $2,914,117,  and  straw  bonnets  to  the  amount  of  $160,248,  the  whole  employing  3,880 
persons,  and  a  capital  of  $1,676,559 ;  1,216  tanneries  employed  5,579  persons,  and  a  capital  of 
$3,907,348;  other  leather  manufactories,  as  saddleries,  &c,  produced  articles  to  the  value  of 
$6,232,924,  and  employed  a  capital  of  $2,743,765  ;  13  glass  houses  and  11  glass  cutting  establish- 
ments, employed  498  persons,  produced  articles  to  the  amount  of  $411,371,  and  employed  a  capital 
of  $204,700  ;  47  potteries  employed  197  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $159,292,  and 
employed  a  capital  of  $88,450;  machinery  was  produced  to  the  amount  of  $2,895,517,  employing 
3,631  persons ;  hardware  and  cutlery  employed  962  persons,  and  produced  articles  to  the  value  of 
$1,566,974  ;  112  cannon  and  8,308  small-arms  were  manufactured  by  203  persons,  to  the  value  of 
$1,106,203;  1,713  persons  manufactured  the  precious  metals  to  the  amount  of  $1,106,203;  1,447 
persons  manufactured  granite  and  marble  to  the  amount  of  $966,220  ;  489  persons  manufactured 
11,939,834  pounds  of  soap,  4,029,783  pounds  of  tallow  candles,  and  533,000  pounds  of  spermaceti 
candles,  with  a  capital  of  $618,875  ;  669  persons  manufactured  tobacco  to  the  amount  of  $331,570, 
with  a  capital  of  $3^5,530  ;  212  distilleries  produced  11,973,815  gallons,  and  83  breweries  produced 
6,059,122  gallons,  the  whole  employing  1,486  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $3,107,066;  4,710  persons 
manufactured  carriages  and  wagons  to  the  amount  of  $2,364,461,  with  a  capital  of  $1,485,023 ;  338 
flouring  mills  manufactured  1,861,385  barrels  of  flour,  and  with  other  mills  produced  articles  to  the 
amount  of  16,953,280,  employing  10,807  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $14,648,814;  ships  were  built  to 
the  amount  of  $797,317 ;  furniture  was  manufactured  to  the  amount  of  $1,971,776,  employing  3,660 
persons,  and  a  capital  of  $1,610,810 ;  3,160  persons  produced  bricks  and  lime  to  the  amount  of 


NEW  468 NEW 

$1,193,527 ;  1,233  brick  and  5,198  wooden  houses  were  built  by  16,763  persons,  and  cost  $7,265,844 ; 
321  printing  offices,  and  107  binderies,  34  daily,  13  semi-weekly  or  tri-weekly,  and  19S  weekly 
newspapers,  and  57  periodicals,  employed  3,231  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $1,876,540.  The  whole 
amount  of  capital  employed  in  manufactures  in  1840,  was  $55,252,779. 

This  state  has  a  number  of  respectable  literary  institutions.  Columbia  College  (formerly  King's)  was 
founded  in  New  York  in  1754,  and  is  conducted  by  the  Episcopalians ;  Union  College,  at  Schenectady, 
was  founded  in  1795  j  Hamilton  College,  in  Clinton,  was  founded  in  1812 ;  Geneva  College,  conducted 
by  the  Episcopalians,  was  founded  in  Geneva,  in  1823 ;  the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York, 
was  founded  in  1831.  The  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Seminary  was  founded  in  Hamil- 
ton, by  the  Baptists,  in  1819.  The  Theological  Institute  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  was  founded  by 
the  Episcopalians,  in  New  York,  in  1819  ;  the  New  York  Theological  Seminary,  connected  with 
the  University,  was  founded  by  the  Presbyterians,  in  1836  ;  the  Theological  Seminary,  at  Auburn, 
was  founded  by  the  Presbyterians,  in  1821  ;  the  Hartwick  Seminary,  at  Hartwick,  in  Otsego 
county,  was  founded  by  the  Lutherans,  in  1816  ;  the  Theological  Seminary  of  the  Associate  Re- 
formed Church  was  founded  at  Newburg,  in  1836 ;  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  the 
city  of  New  York,  was  founded  in  1807  ;  the  Albany  Medical  College,  was  founded  in  1839.  All 
these  institutions  had  in  1840, 1,235  students;  besides,  there  were  in  the  state,  505  academies,  with 
34,715  students,  and  10,593  common  and  primary  schools,  with  502,367  scholars,  and  44,452  per- 
sons over  20  years  of  age  who  could  neither  read  nor  write. 

Of  the  religious  denominations  in  1838,  the  Presbyterians  and  Congregationalists  had  564  minis- 
ters, and  86,000  communicants;  the  Baptists  had  483  ministers,  and  67,183  communicants;  the 
Methodists  had  591  ministers,  and  30,700  communicants;  the  Dutch  Reformed,  142  ministers,  and 
15,800  communicants  ;  the  Episcopalians  had  207  ministers,  and  about  10,000  communicants  ;  the 
Associate  Reformed  had  30  ministers  ;  the  Lutherans  27  ;  the  Roman  Catholics  32  ;  the  Univer- 
salists  25  ;  the  Unitarians  8 ;  besides  a  few  others. 

There  were  in  the  state  Jan.  1st,  1840,  96  banks,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $36,801,460,  and  a 
circulation  of  $10,629,514.  A  number  of  these  banks  have  recently  been  discontinued.  At  the 
close  of  1810,  the  state  debt  amounted  to  $20,165,254. 

The  state  has  2  penitentiaries  ;  one  at  Sing  Sing,  on  the  Hudson  river,  and  the  other  at  Aubum  ; 
the  latter  is  regarded  as  a  model  for  such  institutions. 

The  present  constitution  of  the  state  government  was  adopted  in  1821.  The  legislature  consists 
of  a  senate  composed  of  32  members,  elected  by  the  people,  one  fourth  of  whom  are  renewed 
every  year ;  and  an  assembly,  of  128  members,  chosen  annually,  by  a  universal  suffrage  of  all 
male  citizens  over  21  years  of  age,  except  colored  persons,  who  must  have  a  freehold  worth  $250. 
The  governor  and  lieutenant-governor  are  chosen  for  two  years,  by  the  people,  by  a  plurality  of 
votes. 

The  chancellor  and  judges  of  the  supreme  court  are  chosen  by  the  governor  and  senate,  and 
hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior,  or  until  they  are  60  years  of  age. 

New  York  has  taken  the  lead  of  her  sister  states  in  the  great  works  of  internal  improvement ; 
and  her  example  and  success  have  stimulated  the  other  states  to  undertake  their  great  works.  The 
Erie  canal  was  commenced  in  July,  1817,  and  completed  in  1825.  It  extends  from  Albany  to 
Buffalo,  363  miles,  and  cost  originally  $7,143,789.  This  sum  will  be  more  than  doubled  by  the  pres- 
ent widening  of  it.  The  Champlain  canal,  from  Albany  to  Whitehall,  79  miles,  was  carried  on 
simultaneously,  and  cost  $1,257,604.  The  Oswego  canal,  from  Syracuse  to  Oswego,  38  miles,  was 
completed  in  1323,  at  a  cost  of  $565,437.  The  Cayuga  and  Seneca  canal,  from  Montezuma  to 
Geneva,  21  miles,  was  completed  in  1823,  at  a  cost  of  $236,304.  The  Chemung  canal,  extend3 
from  Elmira  to  Seneca  lake,  including  a  feeder  to  Painted  Post,  39  miles,  and  cost  $331,693.  The 
Crooked  Lake  canal  extends  from  Crooked  lake  to  Seneca  lake,  8  miles,  and  cost  $156,776.  Che- 
nango canal  extends  from  Binghamton  to  Utica,  97  miles,  and  cost  $2,270,605.  The  above  are  all 
branches  of  the  great  Erie  canal,  and  their  united  length  is  655  miles ;  and  the  cost  of  the  whole 
$11,962,711.  The  Black  River  canal  extends  from  the  Erie  canal,  at  Rome,  to  the  foot  of  the  high 
falls  in  Leyden,  on  Black  river,  35  miles,  with  a  navigable  feeder  of  11  miles  ;  the  cost,  including 
the  improvement  of  the  navigation  of  the  river,  40  miles,  to  Carthage,  $1,068,437.  The  Genesee 
and  Alleghany  canal  extends  from  Rochester  to  Olean,  on  the  Alleghany,  107  miles,  with  a  branch 
of  15  miles,  estimated  to  cost  $2,002,285.  The  Delaware  and  Hudson  canal  commences  at  Eddy- 
ville,  on  the  Rondout  creek,  near  the  Hudson,  and  reaches  to  Honesdale,  on  the  Lackawaxen  river, 
passing  to,  and  through  Delaware  river,  10S  miles,  and  cost  $2,231,320. 

Many  railroads  have  been  projected  in  the  state,  and  the  following  have  been  completed.  The 
Harlem  railroad  extends  from  New  York  to  Fordham,  12  miles  ;  the  Long  Island  railroad  extends 
from  Brooklyn  to  Suffolk  station,  41  miles,  to  De  continued  through  the  island  to  Greenport;  the 
Hudson  and  Berkshire  railroad  extends  from  Hudson  to  West  Stockbridge,  33  miles ;  the  Catskill 
and  Canajoharie  railroad,  to  connect  the  two  places,  73  miles,  partly  completed ;  the  Rensselaer 
and  Saratoga  railroad  extends  from  Troy  to  Balhton,  23  miles ;  the  Mohawk  and  Hudson  railroad 
connects  Albany  and  Schenectady,  16  miles ;  the  Saratoga  and  Schenectady,  21£  miles,  connects 


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the  two  places  ;  the  Utica  and  Schenectady  connects  these  places,  77  miles;  the  Syracuse  and 
Utica  continues  this  road  53  miles  w.,  to  Syracuse  ;  the  Syracuse  and  Auhurn  railroad  continues 
this  road  to  Auburn,  26  miles ;  the  Auburn  and  Rochester  railroad  continues  it  90  miles  w.,  to 
Rochester.  The  Towanda  railroad  connects  Rochester  and  Attica,  45  miles,  and  is  now  being  con- 
tinued to  Buffalo.  Buffalo  and  Niagara  Falls  railroad  connects  the  two  places,  23  miles.  Lockport 
and  Niagara  Falls  railroad  connects  these  places,  20  miles.  Ithaca  and  Owego  railroad  joins  the  two 
places,  2 J  miles ;  the  Rochester  railroad  extends  from  Rochester  to  Port  Genesee,  3  miles ;  Bath 
railroad  extends  from  Bath  to  Crooked  lake,  5  miles ;  Port  Kent  and  Keesville  railroad  connects* 
the  two  places,  Ak  miles.  The  New  York  and  Erie  railroad  is  one  of  the  greatest  undertakings  of 
the  kind  in  the  world.  It  commences  at  Piermont,  21  miles  above  New  York,  on  the  Hudson,  and 
is  to  extend  through  the  southern  counties  of  the  state,  359  miles,  to  Dunkirk,  on  Lake  Erie.  The 
estimated  cost  of  the  work  is  $5,473,000.  This  road  is  completed  and  in  operation  to  Goshen,  45 
miles  from  Piermont,  and  other  sections  of  it  are  completed  or  in  great  progress. 

Hudson  river  and  the  island  of  Manhattan,  now  New  York,  were  discovered  by  Henry  Hudson, 
an  Englishman,  in  the  service  of  the  Dutch.  The  first  permanent  settlement  was  made  by  the 
Dutch,  on  Manhattan  island,  in  1614.  In  1664,  the  English,  under  Richard  Nichols,  took  the  coun- 
try for  the  Duke  of  York ;  and  by  the  peace  of  Breda,  in  1667,  the  Dutch  confirmed  the  colony  to 
the  English.  In  1673,  an  expedition  from  Holland  took  the  city  of  New  York,  and  soon  after  the 
whole  colony  submitted.  The  following  year  the  country  was  restored  by  the  treaty  of  West- 
minister, and  the  Duke  of  York  took  out  a  new  patent.  The  first  legislative  assembly  of  the 
province  met  in  October,  1683.  In  1693,  Episcopacy  was  made  the  established  religion  of  the 
province.  The  inhabitants  of  New. York  bore  an  important  part  in  the  French  war,  and  in  the 
war  of  the  revolution.  In  September,  1776,  the  British  captured  and  occupied  New  York, and  held 
possession  of  it  until  the  peace,  in  1783.  On  the  26th  of  July,  1788,  this  state,  in  convention,  adopU 
ed  the  constitution  of  the  United  States— yeas  30  ;  nays  25 ;  majority,  5. 


New  York,  city,  the  principal  city  of  the  state 
of  New  York,  and  in  population,  commerce,  and 
wealth,  the  largest  city  of  the  United  States,  is 
situated  on  the  s.  end  of  New  York  or  Manhattan 
island,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Hudson  or  North 
river,  and  a  strait  called  the  East  river,  which 
connects  Long  Island  sound  with  the  harbor  of 
New  York.  The  City  Hall  is  in  40°  42'  40"  n. 
lat.,  and  71°  Y  8"  w.  Ion.  from  Greenwich;  and 
2°  54'  E.  Ion.  from  Washington.  It  is  86  ms.  N. 
E.  from  Philadelphia;  210  s.  w.  from  Boston; 
223  x.  E.  from  Washington;  670  n.  e.  from 
Charleston,  S.  C. ;  1,3J7  n.  e.  from  New  Orleans  ; 
145  s.  from  Albany  ;  372  s.  from  Montreal.  The 
population  in  179J,  was  33,131  ;  in  1800,  60,489; 
in  1810, 96,373 ;  in  1820, 123,706  ;  in  1830, 202,539 ; 
in  1840,  312,710.  Employed  in  commerce,  11,365  ; 
in  manufactures  and  trades,  43,390 ;  in  navigating 
the  ocean,  2,756 :  do.  rivers,  lakes,  and  canals,  716 ; 
learned  professions  and  engineers,  2,929. 

The  city  and  county  have  the  same  limits, 
comprising  the  whole  island,  which  extends  from 
the  Battery,  on  the  s.,  13s  miles,  to  Kingsbridge, 
on  the  n.,  with  an  average  width  of  1  mile  and 
three  fifths.  The  greatest  breadth  is  2  miles  and 
one  eighth,  and  the  area  of  the  whole  island  about 
14,000  acres.  It  is  separated  from  the  main  land, 
in  Westchester  county,  by  Harlem  river,  a  strait, 
through  which  the  tide  flows.  The  strait  de- 
nominated the  East  river,  separates  it  from  Long 
Island  on  the  e.  ;  on  the  s.is  the  bay  and  harbor ; 
and  on  the  w.  is  Hudson  river,  which  separates 
it  from  New  Jersey.  Three  bridges  across  Har- 
lem river  connect,  the  island  with  the  main  land. 
Several  islands  in  the  harbor,  and  in  the  East 
river,  are  attached  to  the  city. 

The  harbor  of  New  York  is  safe  and  commo- 
dious, being  about  25  miles  in  circumference, 
and  vessels  of  the  largest  size  come  up  to  the 
wharves  at  the  city.  The  entrance  over  the  bar 
at  Sandy  Hook,  has  a  depth  of  water  from  21  to 
27  feet  ;  and  thence  to  the  city  the  channel  is 
from  35  to  50  feet  deep.  The  entrance  to  the 
harbor,  between  Staten  Island,  on  the  w.,  and 
Long  Island,  on  the  e.,  is  called  the  Narrows, 
which  is  about  one  third  of  a  mile  wide,  and  is 
well  defended  by  strong  fortifications.     There 


are  also  batteries  on  Bedlow's  and  Ellis's  islands, 
further  up  the  harbor.  There  are  strong  fortifi- 
cations for  the  defence  of  the  city  on  Governor'* 
island,  which  contains  70  acres  of  ground,  and  is 
distant  3,200  feet  from  the  city,  at  the  Battery. 
Castle  Williams,  on  the  w.  side  of  the  island,  is 
a  round  tower,  600  feet  in  circumference,  and  60 
feet  high,  with  three  tiers  of  guns.  Fort  Colum- 
bus is  on  the  highest  point  of  the  island  ;  and  on 
the  E.  side  is  a  battery  to  defend  the  entrance, 
through  Buttermilk  channel.  A  considerable 
United  States  garrison  occupies  the  island,  on 
which  are  extensive  barracks. 

The  most  elevated  ground  on  the  island  of 
New  York,  is  238  feet  above  tidewater.  The 
city  which  is  built  extends  over  three  miles  on 
each  river,  and  in  its  compact  parts  has  a  circum- 
ference of  about  9  miles.  The  streets  were 
originally  laid  out  according  to  the  surface  of  the 
ground,  and  some  of  them  were  crooked ;  and,  in 
imitation  of  European  cities,  many  of  them  were 
narrow.  But,  in  latter  times,  they  have  been 
widened  and  improved  at  a  great  expense  ;  and 
in  the  newer  parts  of  the  city,  comprehending  a 
large  part  of  it,  care  has  been  taken  to  lay  out 
the  streets  straight,  regularly,  and  of  sufficient 
width.  Broadway,  80  feet  wide,  is  the  principal 
thoroughfare,  and  extends  from  the  Battery,  at 
the  s.,  nearly  3  miles,  to  Union  square,  where  it 
joins  the  Bloomingdale  road  and  the  4th  avenue, 
which  extends  through  the  island  to  Harlem. 
Broadway  is  entirely  straight  through  its  whole 
course,  and  occupies  the  height  of  land  between 
the  North  and  East  rivers.  Greenwich-street, 
near  the  North  river,  commences  at  the  Battery, 
and  runs  parallel  with  the  river,  through  the 
whole  extent  of  the  city.  It  is  wide  and  hand- 
somely built.  Pearl-street,  between  Broad  way 
and  the  East  river,  is  in  a  crescent  form,  over  a 
mile  in  length,  contains  many  spacious  ware- 
houses, and  is  the  principal  seat  of  the  drygoods 
and  hardware  business,  which  has  also  extended 
into  Cedar  and  Pine,  and  other  adjacent  streets. 
Front  and  Water  streets,  between  Pearl-street 
and  the  East  river,  are  occupied  chiefly  by  whole- 
sale grocers,  commission  merchants,  and  mechan- 
ic! connected  with  the  shipping  business.    South- 


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street,  extending  along  >.he  margin  of  the  East 
river,  contains  the  warehouses  and  offices  of  the 
principal  shipping  merchants.  Wall-sireet,  ex- 
tending from  Broadway  to  the  East  riverf  is 
occupied  by  banks,  insurance  offices,  newspaper 
and  brokers'  offices — has  the  Merchants'  Ex- 
change, and  other  fine  granite  buildings,  and  is 
the  great  centre  of  the  heaviest  money  transac- 
tions in  the  country.  The  Bowery  is  a  wide  and 
extensive  street  to  the  e.  of  Broadway,  running 
N.  and  s.,  and  connected  with  the  Third  avenue, 
which  is  macadamized  to  Harlem,  and  forms  the 
great  entrance  to  the  city  from  the  n.  e.  East 
Broadway,  Henry,  and  Madison  streets,  in  the 
N.  E.,  and  Bleecker,  Bond,  and  other  streets,  in  the 
n.  part  of  the  city,  are  beautifully  built.  Canal- 
street,  much  below  the  centre  of  population,  half 
a  mile  n.  of  the  City  Hall,  is  a  wide  street,  with 
a  large  canal  under  it,  from  which  it  receives  its 
name,  is  occupied  by  stores,  and  is  the  seat  of  an 
extensive  retail  trade.  It  crosses  Broadway  near- 
ly at  right  angles, and  extends  to  the  North  river. 
In  the  year  1  SOU,  the  site  of  this  street  was  a  large 
pond,  extending  nearly  across  the  island,  and 
which  received  the  drainage  of  400  acres  of 
ground.  This  was  the  northern  limit  of  Broad- 
way until  1801,  and  then  far  beyond  the  thickly 
settled  parts  of  the  city. 

The  principal  part  of  the  shipping  lies  on  the 
East  river,  and  a  walk  along  South-street  presents 
a  dense  forest  of  masts.  Many  vessels  lie  also 
in  the  North  river ;  and  there  are  continually  not 
less  probably  than  from  800  to  1,000  vessels  lying 
at  the  wharves  and  in  the  harbor.  New  York  is 
the  second  commercial  city  in  the  world,  and  in 
its  harbor  are  generally  to  be  found  vessels,  not 
only  from  the  principal  ports  of  the  United  States, 
but  from  most  of  the  commercial  nations  on  the 
globe.  Its  insular  situation  gives  it  a  great  ex- 
tent of  harbor,  and  it  is  rarely  obstructed  or 
much  incommoded  by  ice.  The  tonnage  of  the 
port  for  the  year  1840,  was  414,817.  The  amount 
of  imports  for  the  year  1841,  was  $75,268,015  ; 
of  exports,  was  $30,731,519.  The  amount  of 
duties  paid  at  the  port,  was  $10,802,119.  Two 
lines  of  steamships  connect  New  York— one  with 
Liverpool,  and  the  other  with  Southampton,  Eng- 
land, and  Antwerp,  Belgium.  Besides  these, 
several  lines  of  packets  connect  it  with  London, 
Liverpool,  and  Havre.  The  New  York  and 
Liverpool  line  consists  of  20  ships  of  the  first 
class,  with  a  large  capacity  for  freight,  and  elegant 
accommodations  for  passengers  ;  and  one  vessel 
sails  from  each  place  every  sixth  day.  The  New 
York  and  London  packets  consist  of  12  large 
ships,  one  of  which  sails  from  each  place  every 
ten  days.  One  line  of  the  New  York  and  Havre 
packet's  consists  of  12  ships  of  the  first  class,  one 
of  which  sails  from  each  place  every  eight  days ; 
another  line,  of  6  ships,  sails  from  each  place 
monthly.  Lines  are  also  established  to  all  the 
important  ports  on  the  coast  of  the  United  States, 
and  many  of  them  are  steamboat  lines.  There 
are  also  lines  to  some  ports  in  the  West  Indies, 
in  Mexico,  and  in  South  America.  The  foreign 
arrivals  in  New  York  in  1841,  were  2,118;  the 
number  of  passengers  was  57,334.  The  passen- 
gers from  domestic  ports  by  sea  were  8,9:40. 

The  most  splendid  public  building  in  the  city 
is  the  Merchants'  Exchange,  in  Wall-street, 
though  its  confined  situation  does  not  exhibit  it 
to  advantage.  It  covers  the  whole  space  between 
Wall,  William,  Exchange,  and  S.  William  streets 
—is  constructed  of  blue  Quincy  granite,  and  is 
200  feet  long  by  171  and  144  feet  wide,  and  77 
feet  high  to  the  top  of  the  cornice,  and  124  feet  to 
the  top  of  the  dome.    The  front,  on  Wall-street, 


has  a  recessed  portico  of  18  massive  columns,  38 
feet  high  and  4  feet  4  inches  in  diameter,  each 
from  a  solid  block  of  stone,  and  weighing  43  tons. 
Besides  numerous  other  rooms,  the  exchange  in 
the  centre  is  in  a  circular  form,  80  feet  in  diame- 
ter, with  4  recesses,  making  the  whole  length 
and  breadth  100  feet,  80  feet  high,  and  surmount- 
ed by  a  dome,  resting  in  part  upon  8  Corinthian 
columns  of  Italian  marble,  41  feet  high,  and  light- 
ed by  a  sky-light,  25  feet  in  diameter.  The  whole 
cost  of  this  building,  including  the  ground,  is  es- 
timated at  $1,800,000.  Not  less  splendid  is  the 
Custom  House,  built  of  white  marble,  of  the 
Doric  order,  something  after  the  model  of  the 
Parthenon,  at  Athens.  It  occupies  the  site  of  the 
old  city  hall,  in  the  open  gallery  of  which  Wash- 
ington was  inaugurated  as  first  president  of  the 
United  States.  It  is  200  feet  long,  90  feet  wide, 
and  80  feet  high.  Each  of  the  n.  and  s.  fronts 
has  a  portico  of  8  columns,  5  feet  8  inches  in  di- 
ameter, and  32  feet  high.  The  great  business 
hall  is  a  splendid  circular  room,  of  60  feet  in 
diameter,  with  recesses  and  galleries.  Exclusive 
of  the  ground  on  which  it  stands,  and  of  its  furni- 
ture, it  cost  $950,000.  The  entire  cost,  including 
the  ground,  is  estimated  at  $1,175,000.  Both  the 
above  buildings  are  entirely  incombustible. 

The  City  Hall,  heretofore  regarded  as  much 
the  finest  building  in  the  city,  is  more  beautifully 
situated  than  any  other,  in  the  middle  of  the 
Park,  where  it  shows  to  great  advantage.  It  has 
more  ornament  than  either  the  exchange  or  cus- 
tom house,  but  less  simple  grandeur.  It  is,  how- 
ever, unquestionably  one  of  the  finest  buildings 
in  the  United  States.  It  is  216  feet  long  and  105 
broad,  and  has  the  Ionic,  Corinthian,  and  com- 
posite orders  rising  in  regular  gradation.  The 
front  and  both  ends  above  the  basement  are  built 
of  white  marble  ;  the  rear  of  brown  freestone. 
Rising  from  the  middle  of  the  roof  is  a  handsome 
cupola,  on  the  top  of  which  is  a  colossal  figure 
of  Justice.  There  are  some  splendid  rooms  in 
the  interior.  The  edifice  cost  $533,731.  A  large 
brick  building  in  the  rear  of  the  city  hall,  is  oc- 
cupied with  various  public  'offices  and  courts, 
and  by  the  hall  of  the  American  Institute,  with 
its  library  and  models  of  machinery. 

The  Hall  of  Justice  occupies  the  whole  space 
between  Leonard,  Elm,  Franklin,  and  Centre 
streets,  and  is  a  unique  and  beautiful  building,  of 
the  Egyptian  order  of  architecture,  constructed 
of  a  light-colored  granite.  It  has  a  court  and 
other  rooms ;  and  connected  with  it,  in  the  rear, 
is  the  House  of  Detention. 

The  Hall  of  the  University  of  New  York,  in 
the  upper  part  of  the  city,  on  Washington  square, 
is  a  splendid  building,  of  Gothic  architecture, 
180  feet  long  by  100  feet  wide,  so  situated  as  to 
appear  to  great  advantage.  Columbia  College  is 
a  handsome  building,  finely  situated  in  the  lower 
part  of  the  city.  Trinity  Church,  on  Broadway, 
fronting  Wall-street,  will,  when  completed,  be 
the  most  complete  and  splendid  Gothic  structure 
in  the  United  States.  St.  Paul's  Episcopal  Church, 
in  Broadway,  with  a  steeple  234  feet  high ;  and 
St.  John's  Episcopal  Church,  on  St.  John's  square, 
with  a  steeple  210  feet  high,  possess  fine  propor- 
tions and  elegant  architecture. 

The  Dutch  Church,  on  Washington  square,  is 
a  splendid  Gothic  building.  Many  other  churches, 
as  the  French  Protestant  Church,  in  Franklin- 
street;  St.  Patrick's  Cathedral,  in  Prince-street ; 
the  Society  Library,  Gothic  Hall,  and  St.  Thom- 
as's Episcopal  Church,  in  Broadway,  and  the 
Baptist  Church,  in  Broome-street,  are  imposing 
buildings. 
Among  the  hotels,  several  of  which  are  fine 


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471 


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buildings,  the  Astor  House,  in  Broadway,  is  the 
most  distinguished.  It  is  built  of  Quincy  granite, 
and  contains  391)  rooms.  It  is  said  by  travellers, 
that  there  is  nothing  of  the  kind,  in  London  or 
Paris,  which  equals  it. 

Among  the  public  places,  those  most  worthy 
of  notice  are  the  Battery,  a  beautiful  public 
ground,  on  the  s.  point  of  the  island,  in  the  form 
of  a  crescent,  containing  11  acres  ;  the  Park,  in 
the  centre  of  the  lower  part  of  the  city,  contain- 
ing 10*  acres,  laid  out  with  walks,  shaded  with 
trees,  and  surrounded  with  a  neat  iron  fence, 
which  cost  $15,653.  It  is  ornamented  by  a  large 
and  splendid  fountain,  supplied  by  the  Croton 
water.  St.  John's  square,  in  the  w.  part  of  the 
city,  containing  4  acres,  beautifully  laid  out  with 
walks  and  trees,  and  surrounded  by  an  elegant 
iron  fence,  which  cost  $'26,000;  Washington 
Square,  H  mile  n.  of  the  city  hall,  containing  9* 
acres,  which  spreads  before  the  New  York  Uni- 
versity ;  Union  Square,  with  a  beautiful  elliptical 
enclosure,  at  the  termination  of  Broadway  on  the 
N.,  and  ornamented  by  an  elegant  fountain,  sup- 
plied by  the  Croton  water.  Several  other  squares 
exist  in  the  n.  part  of  the  city,  not  yet  fully  regu- 
lated. 

A  large  number  of  the  streets,  stores,  and  other 
buildings  of  the  city  are  lighted  with  gas.  The 
expense  of  gas  and  lamps  in  1840,  was  $123,676; 
of  city  watch,  was  $223,950 ;  and  of  cleaning 
the  streets,  $149,931. 

The  most  splendid  and  expensive  public  work 
undertaken  by  the  city,  is  the  Croton  water- 
works. The  aqueduct  commences  at  the  Croton 
river,  5  ms.  from  Hudson  r.  in  Westchester  co. 
The  dam  is  250  feet  long,  70  wide  at  bottom,  and 
7  at  top,  and  40  feet  high,  built  of  stone  and  ce- 
ment. It  creates  a  pond  5  ms.  long,  covering 
<100  acres,  and  contains  500  millions  of  gallons  of 
water.  From  the  dam,  the  aqueduct  proceeds, 
sometimes  tunnelling  through  solid  rocks,  cross- 
ing valleys  by  embankments,  and  brooks  by  cut- 
verts,  until  it  reaches  Harlem  r.,  a  distance  of  33 
ms.  It  is  built  of  stone,  brick,  and  cement, 
arched  over  and  under,  6  feet  9  inches  wide  at 
bottom,  7  feet  5  inches  at  the  top  of  the  side- 
walls,  and  8  feet  5  inches  high,  has  a  descent  of 
13ir  inches  per  mile,  and  will  discharge  60  mil- 
lions of  gallons  in  24  hours.  It  will  cross  Harlem 
r.  on  a  magnificent  bridge  of  stone,  1,451)  feet 
long,  with  14  piers,  8  of  8J  feet  span,  and  7  of  50 
feet  span,  114  feet  from  high  tidewater  to  the  top, 
and  which  will  cost  $900,000.  This  bridge  is  in 
progress,  and  for  the  present  the  water  is  brought 
across  the  r.  in  an  iron  pipe,  laid  as  an  inverted 
syphon.  The  receiving  reservoir  is  at  86th  st., 
38  ms.  from  the  Croton  dam,  and  covers  35  acres, 
and  contains  150  millions  ol  gallons.  The  water 
is  conveyed  to  the  distributing  reservoir  on  Mur- 
ray's hill,  40th  street,  in  iron  pipes.  It  covers  4 
acres,  and  is  built  of  stone  and  cement,  43  feet 
high  above  the  street,  and  holds  20  millions  of 
gallons.  Thence  the  water  is  distributed  over 
the  city  in  iron  pipes,  laid  so  deep  under  ground 
as  to  be  secure  from  frost.  The  whole  cost  of  the 
work  will  be  about  $12,000,000.  The  water  is 
of  the  finest,  kind  of  river  water.  No  city  in  the 
world  is  now  more  plentifully  supplied  with  pure 
and  wholesome  water  than  the  city  of  N.  York ; 
and  the  supply  would  be  abundant,  if  the  popu- 
lation were  five  times  its  present  number. 

The  Harlem  railroad  exiends  from  the  City 
Hall  through  Centre-street  to  Broome-street ; 
turns  at  right  angles  to  the  Bowery,  where  it 
turns  again  nearly  at  right  angles,  and  follows 
the  Bowery  to  the  4th  Avenue,  on  which  it  ex- 


tends to  Harlem,  8  miles;  and  it  is  continued j  gregational,  3  Reformed  Presbyterian,  4 


several  miles  further  to  Fordham.  A  part  of  its 
course  is  a  deep  cut  through  6olid  rock,  with  a 
short  tunnel  and  high  embankments.  It  has  a 
double  track  the  whole  length,  and  is  the  most 
expensive  railroad,  for  the  distance,  in  the  United 
States. 

There  are  two  colleges  in  the  city.  Columbia 
College,  founded  in  1750,  has  a  president,  10 
professors,  about  140  students,  and  about  14,000 
volumes  in  its  libraries.  The  New  York  Uni- 
versity was  founded  in  1831,  and  has  a  chancel- 
lor, and  12  professors,  about  125  students,  and  a 
valuable  library  and  philosophical  apparatus. 
The  General  Theological  Seminary  of  the  Epis- 
copal Church  was  established  in  1819,  has  5  pro- 
fessors, and  75  students,  and  7,260  volumes  in 
its  library.  The  New  York  Theological  Semi- 
nary was  organized  in  1836,  has  three  ordinary, 
and  4  extraordinary  professors,  108  students,  and 
a  library  of  16,000  volumes.  The  Public  School 
Society  had,  in  May,  1840,  16  schools,  with  male 
and  female  and  primary  departments ;  and  46 
primary  schools,  and  22,955  scholars.  The  Rut- 
gers Female  Institute,  in  Madison-street,  is  a 
flourishing  institution,  with  over  450  pupils. 
The  Mechanics'  school,  in  Crosby-street,  has  550 
pupils.  The  Protestant  Episcopal  school  is  a 
flourishing  institution.  The  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  in  the  city  of  New  York  in  Crosby- 
street,  was  founded  in  1807.  The  New  York 
Eye  Infirmary ;  the  New  York  Hospital,  situated 
in  Broadway,  at  the  head  of  Pearl  street ;  and  the 
New  York  Lunatic  Asylum,  are  important  insti- 
tutions ;  as  are  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum,  near 
the  Harlem  railroad,  between  the  4th  and  5th 
Avenues,  with  200  pupils,  and  the  Institution  for 
the  Blind  on  the  8th  Avenue,  with  70  pupils. 

The  New  York  Society  Library,  in  a  fine  build- 
ing in  Broadway,  has  35,000  volumes  ;  the  New 
York  Historical  Society  has  10,000  volumes,  with 
many  coins  and  medals  ;  the  Lyceum  of  Natural 
History  has  a  library  and  museum  ;  the  National 
Academy  of  Design,  instituted  in  1826,  has  pur- 
chased the  statuary  of  the  Academy  of  Fine 
Arts,  which  it  will  exhibit  with  its  collection  of 
the  paintings  of  living  artists  ;  Clinton  Hall  As- 
sociation was  founded  in  183J,  for  the  promotion 
of  literature,  science,  and  the  arts  ;  the  Mercantile 
Library  Association,  for  the  special  benefit  of 
merchants'  clerks,  has  a  library  of  about  23,000 
volumes,  and  an  annual  course  of  lectures  through 
the  winter ;  the  Apprentices'  Library,  founded  in 
1820,  has  12,000  volumes,  read  by  1,800  appren- 
tices ;  the  American  Institute,  incorporated  in 
1833,  holds  a  splendid  annual  fair,  and  distri- 
butes premiums.  The  New  York  Lyceum, 
founded  in  1833,  has  a  respectable  library  and 
reading  room,  and  sustains  in  the  winter  season 
a  very  able  course  of  lectures. 

The  American  Bible  Society,  instituted  in 
1816,  received  for  the  year  ending  May  13th, 
1841,  $118,860;  the  American  Tract  Society, 
founded  in  1816,  received  $93,962.  These 
societies  have  each  a  large  building  in  Nassau- 
street.  The  Home  Missionary  Society  received 
$85,413;  the  American  Board  of  Commissioners 
received  $235,18J;  the  American  and  Foreign 
Bible  Society  (Baptist)  received  $26,001 ;  the 
Baptist  Home  Missionary  Society  received 
$  10,779.  Most  of  these  societies  hold  an  anniver- 
sary in  N.  York  in  May.  The  Methodists  have 
a  large  and  extensive  book-concern.  1  here  are 
many  other  religious  and  benevolent  societies. 

There  are  163  churches  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  viz  :  13  Dutch  Reformed,  2  German  Re- 
formed, 27  Episcopal,  24  Presbyterian,  3  Con- 

"   Asso- 


NEW 


472 


NEW 


ciate  Reformed,  3  Associate  churches,  18  Bap- 
tist, 1  Welch  Baptist,  17  Methodist  Episcopal,  1 
Ind.  Methodist,  3  Associate  Protestant  Methodist, 
2  Primitive  Methodist,    1  Calvinistic  Methodist, 

I  German  Methodist,  3  Lutheran,  1  Moravian, 
4  Friends,  3  Universal ist,  2  Unitarian,  1  Mariners, 

II  Roman  Catholic,  7  Jews'  Synagogues,  2  New 
Jerusalem,  1  Christ-ian,  1  Providence  Chapel,  1 
Congregation  of  Disciples,  1  Congregation  of 
Primitive  Christians,  1  Mormon  or  Latter-Day 
Saints,  and  9  African,  viz,  1  Episcopal,  2 
Baptist,  2  Presbyterian,  and  4  Methodist. 

There  are  in  the  city  about  30  banks,  with 
an  aggregate  capital  of  about  $30,000,000 ;  10 
marine  insurance  companies,  with  a  capital  of 
$3,800,000 ;  22  fire  insurance  companies,  with 
a  capital  of  $6,360,000.  There  are  4  banks  for 
savings.  There  were  in  1840,  in  the  city,  417 
commercial  houses  and  918  commission  houses 
engaged  in  foreign  trade,  with  a  capital  of 
$45,941,200 ;  3,620  retail  drygoods  and  other 
stores,  with  a  cap.  of  $14,648,595 ;  61  lumber 
yards,  with  a  cap.  of  $731,500 ;  4  furnaces  have 
a  cap.  of  $23,000 ;  machinery  manufactured  to 
the  amount  of  $1,150,000;  hardware  and  cutlery, 
$135,300  ;  precious  metals,  $932,760  ;  of  various 
metals,  $1,087,800 ;  18  cotton  fac.  and  2  dyeing 
and    printing  estab.,   with  a  cap.   of   $61,300; 

I  spermaceti  oil  and  candle  fac,  cap.  $100,000 ; 

II  distilleries  and  15  breweries,  with  a  total  cap. 
of  $575,076 ;  paints,  drugs,  &c,  with  a  cap.  of 
$643,650 ;  3  glass  fac.  and  6  glass  cutting  estab., 
with  a  cap.  of  $53,000  ;  1  paper  fac. ;  7  sugar  refi- 
neries, produced  articles  to  the  value  of  $385,000  ; 
rope  walks,  cap.  $9,800 ;  2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m., 
cap.  $146,800;  cabinet  furniture  to  the  amount 
of  $916,675.  There  were  built  542  brick  and 
stone,  and  59  wooden  houses,  to  the  value  of 
$1,889,100;  113  printing  offices,  43  binderies,  18 
daily,  45  weekly,  and  5  semi-weekly  newspa- 
pers, and  28  periodicals,  employed  2,029  persons, 
and  a  cap.  of  $1,235,320.  Total  capital  in  manu- 
fac.  $11,228,894.  There  were  4  colleges,  430 
students,  148  acad.  or  grammar  sch.,  7,207  schol- 
ars, 209  com.  and  primary  schools,  32,867  schol- 
ars. 

The  city  has  6  theatres,  2  museums,  and  a 
large  number  of  other  places  of  amusement. 
Four  steam  ferries  connect  the  city  to  Brooklyn, 
3  to  Williamsburg,  2  to  Jersey  City,  and  3  to 
Hoboken;  in  which  places  numbers  of  those 
doing  business  in  the  city,  reside. 

There  are  not  more  than  5  or  6  cities  in  Europe 
more  populous  than  New  York,  viz :  London, 
Paris,  Constantinople,  St.  Petersburgh,  Naples, 
and  perhaps  Vienna. 

The  government  of  the  city  is  in  the  hands  of 
a  mayor  and  common  council.  The  city  is  di- 
vided into  17  wards,  each  of  which  elects  an 
alderman,  an  assistant  alderman,  two  assessors, 
one  collector,  and  two  constables. 

New  York  was  settled  in  1612  by  the  Dutch, 
and  in  1623  they  built  a  fort  at  the  s.  point  of 
the  island,  and  in  1642  a  Dutch  church  within 
the  fort.  In  1664  the  city  was  surrendered  to 
the  British.     In  1638,  the  assessors'  valuation  of 

Sroperty  in  the  whole  city,  was  73,'<i31£  The 
iriash  had  possession  of  the  city  during  most  of 
the  revolutionary  war.  They  evacuated  it  Nov. 
25th,  1733,  when  the  troops  under  Gen.  Wash- 
ington entered  it.  The  first  congress  met  here 
in  1785 ;  and  here  Washington  was  inaugurated 
as  first  President  in  the  United  States,  April 
30th,  1739.  The  yellow  fever  prevailed  in  1795 
and  1305  ;  and  the  cholera  in  1832,  when  2,467 
persons  died  in  July,  and  2,206  in  August.  On 
the  night  of  December  16th,  1835,  a  dreadful  fire 


swept  over  40  acres,  covered  with  stores  filled 
with  valuable  merchandise,  and  destroyed  pro- 
perty to  the  amount  of  nearly  $18,000,OjO.  The 
burnt  district  has  been  entirely  rebuilt  with  in- 
creased convenience  and  beauty. 

New  York,  p-v.,  Switzerland  co.,  la.,  103  s. 
K.  Indianapolis,  544  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  bank 
of  Ohio  r.,  8  ms.  E.  Vevay. 

New  York  Mills,  p-v.,  Whitestown  t.,  Oneida 
co.,  N.  Y.,  96  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  392  W.  Situated 
on  Sadaquada  cr.,  which  affords  good  water 
power.  It  contains  2  churches,  3  stores,  a  large 
cotton  fac,  with  2  extensive  stone  buildings,  con- 
taining 400  looms,  and  with  a  dyeing  and  bleach- 
ing establishment,  employing  400  persons.  The 
buildings  and  machinery  cost  $275,100,  and  it  is 
one  of  the  most  extensive  establishments  of  the 
kind  in  the  state.  The  v.  contains  150  dwell- 
ings, and  about  900  inhabitants. 

Niagara,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  in  the  N. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  484  sq.  ms. 
Lake  Ontario  bounds  it  on  the  n.,  and  Niagara  r. 
on  the  w.  The  country  rises  gradually  from  the 
lake  shore,  to  the  mountain  ridge,  from  7  to  12 
ms.  distant,  and  between  this  ridge  and  the  lake 
is  the  Ridge  road,  3  or  4  ms.  N.,of  the  mountain 
ridge,  consisting  of  an  arched  surface,  composed 
of  sand  and  gravel,  elevated  130  feet  above  the 
surface  of  the  lake.  Watered  by  Tonawanda 
cr.  The  surface  on  the  s.  is  diversified ;  soil, 
generally  fertile,  adapted  to  grass  and  to  grain. 
Capital,  Lockport.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  20,752,  sheep  40,531,  swine  23,344 ;  wheat 
451,823  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  153,402,  buck- 
wheat 13,578,  barley  47,786,  oats  215,591,  pota- 
toes 288,692,  sugar  44,059  pounds;  123  stores, 
cap.  $369,215  ;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $300 ;  1  fur- 
nace, 6  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  6  tanneries,  2 
distillerie,  2  breweries,  1  pottery,  5  flouring  m., 
9  grist  m.,  45  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  paper  fac,  4 
printing  offices,  3  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac  $415,980.  7  acad.  5.6  students,  138 
sch.  7,993  scholars.     Pop.  31,132. 

Niagara,  t.,  Niagara  co.,  N.  Y.,  16  w.  Lockport, 
298  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  undulating ; 
soil,  calcareous,  gravelly  loam,  underlaid  with 
limestone  and  gypsum.  It  is  situated  on  the 
mountain  ridge,  and  is  bounded  w.  by  Niagara  r. 
It  contains  the  grand  Falls  of  Niagara,  and  Goat 
island,  and  some  smaller  islands  in  the  r.  It  has  5 
stores,  cap.  $15,150  ;4  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
1  furnace,  1  paper  m.,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $39,800.  4  sch.  254  scholars.  Pop. 
1,277. 

Niagara,  r.  and  falls,  N.  Y.  The  r.,  which 
connects  Lake  Erie  with  Lake  Ontario,  is  about 
35  ms.  long,  and  flows  from  s.  to  N.  At  its  egress 
from  Lake  Erie,  it  is  three  quarters  of  a  mile 
wide,  and  from  40  to  60  feet  deep,  and  flows  with 
a  current  of  about  4  ms.  an  hour.  As  it  proceeds, 
the  r.  widens  to  6  or  8  ms.,  embracing  several 
islands,  the  principal  of  which  are  Grand 
island,  12  ms.  long,  and  from  2  to  7  ms.  wide, 
well  wooded,  and  reaching  to  within  H  m.  of 
the  falls  ;  and  Navy  island,  much  smaller,  cele- 
brated in  the  events  of  the  late  Canadian  rebel- 
lion. The  Falls  of  Niagara  are  about  22  ms. 
below  Lake  Erie,  and  14  above  Lake  Ontario, 
and  are  one  of  the  greatest  natural  curiosities  in 
the  world.  When  the  traveller  first  arrives  at 
the  spot,  he  stands  and  gazes,  and  is  lost  in  ad- 
miration. The  mighty  volume  of  water  which 
forms  the  outlet  of  the  great  Lakes  Superior, 
Michigan,  Huron,  and  Erie,  is  here  precipitated 
over  a  precipice  160  feet  high,  with  a  roar  like 
that  of  thunder,  which  may  be  heard,  in  favora- 
ble circumstances,  to  the  distance  of  15  miles, 


NIC 


473 


NIM 


though,  at  times,  the  falls  may  be  nearly  ap- 
proached without  perceiving  much  to  indicate  a 
tremendous  cataract  in  the  vicinity.  In  conse- 
quence of  a  bend  in  the  r,  the  principal  weight 
of  water  is  thrown  on  the  Canadian  side,  down 
what  is  called  the  Horse-shoe  fall,  which  name 
has  become  inappropriate,  as  the  edge  of  the 
precipice  has  ceased  to  be  a  curve,  and  forms  a 
moderately  acute  angle.  Near  the  middle  of 
the  fall,  Goat  island,  containing  75  acres,  extends 
to  the  brow  of  the  precipice,  dividing  the  r.  into 
2  parts  ;  and  a  small  projecting  mass  of  rock  at  a 
little  distance  from  it,  toward  the  American  shore, 
again  divides  the  cataract  on  that  side.  Goat 
island,  at  the  lower  end,  presents  a  perpendicular 
mass  of  rocks,  extending  from  the  bottom  to  the 
top  of  the  precipice.  A  bridge  has  been  con- 
structed from  the  American  shore  to  Bath  island  ; 
and  another  connects  the  latter  with  Goat  island, 
and  a  tower  is  erected  on  the  brow  of  the  Horse- 
shoe fall,  approached  from  Goat  island  by  a 
short  bridge,  on  which  the  spectator  seems  to 
stand  over  the  edge  of  the  mighty  cataract,  and 
which  affords  a  fine  view  of  tins  part  of  it.  The 
distance  at  the  fall  from  the  American  shore  to 
Goat  island,  is  65  rods  ;  across  the  front  of  Goat 
island,  is  73  rods  ;  around  the  Horse-shoe  fall,  on 
the  Canadian  side,  144  rods ;  directly  across  the 
Horse  shoe,  74  rods.  The  height  of  the  fall  near 
the  American  shore  is  163  feet ;  near  Goat  island 
on  the  same  side,  15S  feet ;  near  Goat  island  on 
the  Canada  side,  154  feet.  Table  rock,  a  shelv- 
ing projection  on  the  Canadian  side,  at  the  edge 
of  the  precipice  is  150  feet  high.  This  place  is 
generally  thought  to  present  the  finest  view  of 
the  falls ;  though  if  the  spectator  will  visit  the 
tower  on  the  opposite  side  on  Goat  island  at  sun- 
rise, when  the  whole  cavity  is  enlightened  by 
the  sun,  and  a  complete  rainbow  is  presented 
in  the  rising  spray,  he  cannot  desire  any  thing 
finer.  A  covered  stairway  on  the  American 
side,  descends  from  the  top  to  the  bottom  of  the 

{irecipice.  It  has  been  computed  that  100  mil- 
ion  tons  of  water  are  discharged  over  the  preci- 
pice every  hour.  The  rapids  commence  about 
a  mile  above  the  falls,  and  the  water  descends 
57  feet  before  it  arrives  at  the  cataract.  The 
view  from  the  bridge  to  Goat  island,  of  the 
troubled  water  dashing  tumultuously  over  the 
rocks,  is  terrific.  While  curiosity  constitutes  an 
attribute  of  the  human  character,  these  falls  will 
be  frequented  by  admiring  and  delighted  visiters, 
as  one  of  the  grandest  exhibitions  in  nature. 

Niagara  Falls,  p-v.,  Niagara  t.  and  co.,  N. 
Y.,  2J7  w.  by  w.  Albany,  403  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  Niagara  r.  at  the  falls,  and  contains 
2  churches,  1  male  and  1  female  institute,  6 
hotels,  9  stores,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  paper  m., 
1  woollen  fac,  1  furnace,  2  machine  shops,  90 
dwellings,  and  about  750  inhabitants.  Railroads 
from  Buffalo  and  from  Lockport  meet  at  this 
place. 

Niangua,  county,  Mo.  Situated  s.  w.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  576  sq.  miles. 
Drained  by  Niangua  r.     Capital,  Buffalo  Head. 

Niccottoo,  p-o.,  Arkansas  co.,  Ark. 

Nicholas,  county,  Va.  Centrally  situated 
toward  the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains 
1,430  sq.  ins.  Drained  by  Gauley  and  Elk  rivers 
and  their  branches.  The  Great  Kanawha  runs 
on  its  s.  vv.  border.  Capital,  Summersville. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,035,  sheep  4,863, 
swine  5,312;  wheat  4,451  bush,  produced,  rye 
3,222,  Indian  corn  56,327,  buckwheat  861,  oats 
37,733,  potatoes  11.351,  tobacco  3,913  pounds;  3 
stores,  cap.  $40,000;  2  tanneries,  20  grist  m.,  5 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,825.  3  sch.  77 
6u 


scholars.     Pop.  whites  2,440,  slaves 72,  free  col'd 
3:  total,  2,515. 

Nicholas,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  n.  k. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  35!)  sq.  ms.  Wa- 
tered by  Licking  r.  and  its  branches.  Capital, 
Carlisle.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,121, 
sheep  19,067,  swine  29,427 ;  wheat  60,765  bush, 
produced,  rye  25,315,  Indian  corn  613,804,  oats 
77,0-16,  potatoes  6,949,  tobacco  47,634  pounds, 
sugar  57,020;  16  stores,  cap.  $77,690  ;  1  woollen 
fac,  5  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  19  grist  m.,  10  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $65,633.  22  sch.  5J1  scho- 
lars. Pop.  whites  7,310,  slaves  1,253,  free  col'd 
182 ;  total,  8,745. 

Nicholas,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Nicholas  co., 
Va.,  310  w.  by  n.  Richmond,  322  W. 

Nicholasville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jessamine  co., 
Ky.,  36  s.  e.  Frankfort,  534  W.  Situated  on  a 
small  branch  of  Kentucky  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  2  academies,  and  632  inhabitants. 

Nichols,  p-t.,  Tioga  co.,  N.  Y.,  8  s.  w.  Owego, 
170  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  268  W.  The  surface  is 
hilly ;  soil,  gravelly  loam,  with  extensive  and 
fertile  flats  on  Susquehanna  r.,  which  bounds  it 
on  the  n.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  s.  side  of 
Susquehanna  r.,  and  contains  1  Baptist  and  1 
Methodist  church,  an  academy,  6  stores,  1  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  tannery,  60  dwellings,  and  about 
100  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  5  stores,  cap. 
$19,000;  3  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  8  grist  m.,  28 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $41,371.  848  scholars 
in  schools.    Pop.  1,936. 

Nicholson,  p-t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  161  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  263  W.  Tunkhannock  mt.  extends 
across  its  n.  part.  It  has  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  5 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,500.  3  sch.  102 
scholars.     Pop.  653. 

Nicholsville,  p-v.,  Hopkinton  t.,  St.  Law- 
rence co.,  N.  Y.,  213  n.  n  w.  Albany.  Situated 
on  both  sides  of  the  e.  branch  of  St.  Regis  r.,  and 
contains  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  in.,  1  cloihier's 
works,  20  dwellings,  and  about  125  inhabitants. 

Nickell's  Mills,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Va. 

Nickojack,  creek,  Ga.,  issues  from  a  cave  80 
feet  wide,  50  feet  high,  and  H  ms.  long.  The 
stream  is  60  feet  wide  at  the  mouth  of  the  cave. 

Niconza,  p-o.,  Miami  co.,  la.,  108  n.  Indianap- 
olis, 601  W. 

Niles,  p-t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  s.  e.  Auburn, 
169  w.  Albany,  32'J  W.  The  surface  is  rolling; 
soil,  clay  and  sandy  loam.  It  has  Owasco  lake 
on  the  w.,  and  Skeneateles  lake  on  the  e.  It  has 
4  stores,  cap.  $14,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries, 
\  distillery,  2  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $45,402.     11  sch.,  629  scholars.     Pop.  2,234. 

Niles,  p-t.,  Berrian  co.,  Mich.,  182  w.  s.  #. 
Detroit,  627  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to 
grain.  The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  e. 
side  of  St.  Josephs  r.  It  contains  2  churches— 1 
Episcopal,  1  Presbyterian — 9  stores,  a  branch  of 
the  university,  and  about  1,000  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.  3  commission  houses,  cap.  $9,500 ; 
11  stores,  cap.  $49,750;  2  tanneries,  2  distilleries, 
2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers,  2  flour- 
ing m.,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$91,600.  1  college,  38  students,  4  sch.  94  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,420. 

Nimishillen,  t.,  Stark  co.,  O.  The  surface  is 
level ;  soil,  fertile.  The  natural  growth  is  beech 
and  sugar  maple.  Watered  by  Nimishillen  cr 
It  has  1  sch.  3J  scholars.     Pop.  1,927. 

Nimisilla.  p-v.,  Franklin  t.,  Summit  co.,  O., 
121  n.  E.  Columbus,  327  W.  It  contains  a  Lu- 
theran church,  2  stores,  1  school,  and  100  inhab- 
itants. 

Nimmon's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Delaware  co., 
i  O.,  36  n.  Columbus,  406  W. 


NOB 


474 


NOR 


Nine  Mile  Prairie,  p-o.,  Perry  co.,  111.,  156 
8.  Springfield,  831  W. 

Nineveh,  p-v.,  Colesville  t.,  Broome  co.,  N. 
Y  116  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  310  W.  Situated  on 
the  w  side  of  Susquehanna  river,  and  contains  2 
stores,  20  dwellings,  and  about  125  inhabitants. 

Nineveh,  po,  Warren  co.,  Va.,  146  n.  n.  w. 
Richmond,  77  W. 

Nineveh,  p-v.,  Johnson  co.,  la.,  23  s.  Indian- 
apolis, 537  W.  .  u 

Nippenose,  p-t.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  96  N.Har- 
risburg,  206  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  cal- 
careous loam.  Nippenose  cr.  runs  on  its  w. 
boundary,  and  the  n.  branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
r.  on  its  n.  border.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,000 

Tishnebatona,  r.,  Mo.,  is  a  small  r.  which  en- 
ters the  Missouri  r.  on  the  N.  side,  in  the  N.  w. 
corner  of  the  state.  . 

Niskayuna,  t.,  Schenectady  co.,  JN.  I.,  4  e. 
Schenectady,  12  n.  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is 
moderately  hilly,  along  the  Mohawk  r.,  which 
bounds  it  on  the  n.,  but  is  more  level  and  sandy 
toward  the  s.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $2,500 ;  1  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,100.  3  sch. 
94  scholars.    Pop.  693. 

Nittany,  p-o.,  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  93  n.  w.  liar- 
risburg,  185  W. 

Nixburgh,  p-v.,  Coosa  co.,  Ala.,  IM  e.  s.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  812  W. 

Nixon's,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  N.  C,  81  w.  Ka- 


Noblesville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Hamilton  co., 
la ,  20  n.  e.  Indianapolis,  574  W.  Situated  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  w.  fork  of  White  r.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  1  Methodist  church,  3  stores, 
and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Nockamixon,  p-t.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  14  n.  Doyles- 

town,  40  n.  Philadelphia.    The  surface  is  hilly  ; 

soil,  gravelly.     Delaware  r.  runs  on  its  e.  border, 

and  has  banks  composed  of  high  perpendicular 

rocks  of  red  sandstone,  below  which  are  some 

extensive  swamps.    Gallows  run  flows  into  the 

Delaware  on  its  N.  boundary.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 

$6,500  ;  7  potteries,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.     Cap.  m 

manufac.  $11,321.    2  sch.  71  scholars.    Pop.2,0jo. 

saw  m.  I     Noddaway,  r.,  Mo.,  rises  in  Iowa  ter.,  and  alter 

3  sch    70  scholars,  a  course  of  about  200  ms.,  enters  the  Missouri  r 

on  the  e.  side,  in  the  n.  w.  part  of  the  state. 

Noddaway,  p-t.,  Buchanan  co.,  Mo.    1,169. 

Nolachucky,  r.,  N.  C.  and  Tenn.,  nses  on  the 

w.  side  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  in  Buncombe  co.,  JN .  C, 

and  flowing  into  Tenn.,  it  enters  French  Broad  jr. 

Noland's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Loudon  co.,  Va.,  lbl 

n.  Richmond,  42  W.    Situated  a  little  above  the 

mouth  of  Monocacy  r. 

Nolen,  p-o.,  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  89  s.  w.  Frank- 
fort, 631  W.  -. 
Nolensville,  p-v.,  Williamson  co.,  lenn.,  1/ 
s.  by  E.  Nashville,  693  W.                    ^T 

No  Man's  Land,  island,  Dukes  co.,  Mass.,  lies 
off  the  s.  w.  end  of  Martha's  Vineyard,  7  s.  Gay- 
head.     It  consists  chiefly  of  a  mass  of  rocks. 
Nonconner,  p-o.,  Fayette  ca,  Tenn. 


leigh,  333  W. 


ign,  coo  vt  . 

Noah,  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,  la.,  31  s.  e.  Indianap- 
olis 559  W. 

Noah's  Fork,  p-o.,  Coffee  co.,  Tenn.,  53  s.  e. 
Nashville,  662  W.  ^      ^ 

Noank,  p-o.,  New  London  co.,  Ct.,  52  s.  e. 
Hartford,  361  W. 

Noble,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  n.  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  432  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Elkhart  and  Tippecanoe  rivers.  It  has  a  num- 
ber of  small  lakes.  Capital,  Augusta.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,802,  sheep  l,53o, 
swine  6,861;  wheat  18,319  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  66,716,  oats  20,551,  potatoes  22,377  ;  7  stores, 
cap.  $16,700;  1  pottery,  4  grist  m.,  8  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,628.  8  sch.  Ill  scholars. 
Pop.  2,702. 

Noble,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Noble  co.,  la., 
159  n.  N.  E.  Indianapolis,  578  W.  Situated  m 
Augusta  v.,  a  little  n.  e.  of  Elkhart  r.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $3,000  ;  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,2  sch.  16 
scholars.     Pop.  240. 

Noble,  t.,  Morgan  co.,  O. 
$4,000 ;  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m 
$2,200.  8  sch.  250  scholars. 
Noble,  t.,  Shelby  co.,  O. 
$1,000 ;  1  tannery,  3  grist  m. 
$4,450.    2  sch.  40  scholars.     - 

Nobleborough,  p-t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  32  s.  m. 
Augusta,  600  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  side  ol 
Damariscotta  pond  and  r.  The  outlet,  of  Dama- 
riscotta  pond  affords  water  power,  where  are 
mills,  and  a  small  v.  on  the  borders  of  New  Cas- 
tle, containing  a  neat  Roman  Catholic  church. 
At  the  bridge,  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  Dam- 
ariscotta r.,  is  a  considerable  v.,  which  has  seve- 
ral stores.  Ship  building  is  extensively  carried 
on  on  the  r.  There  are  in  the  t.,  23  stores,  cap. 
$51,500  ;  9  lumber  yards,  cap.  $62,001) ;  2  tanne- 
ries, 1 1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,050.  9  sch. 
873'scholars.     Pop.  2,210. 

Noblkstown,  p-v.,  Fayette  t,  Alleghany  co, 
Pa.,  10  s.  w.  Pittsburg,  214  w.  Harnsburg,  238 
W.  Situated  on  a  branch  of  Chartier's  cr.,  ai 
contains  1  store,  and  about  25  dwellings. 


It  has  2  stores,  cap. 

Cap.  in  manufac. 

Pop.  1,308. 

It  has  1  store,  cap. 

Cap.  in  manufac. 
Pop.  1,394 


IXONCONJNKK.,  p-u.,  i  tt.vc^  ^--)    -~"  7  r**. 

Norfield,  p-v.,  Weston  t.,  Fairfield  co.,  Ct., 
74  s.  w.  Hartford,  275  W.  It  has  1  Congrega- 
tional church.  M  *  .      . 

Norfolk,  county,  Mass.  Situated  in  the  E. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  400  sq.  ms.  lhe 
surface  is  moderately  uneven,  and  rocky ;  soil, 
generally  fertile,  and  highly  cultivated.  Water- 
ed bv  Neponset  and  Charles  rivers,  and  their 
tributaries.  A  fine  granite  is  found  in  Quincy, 
from  which  quarry  a  railroad  extends  to  IN  epon- 
set  r.,  the  first  railroad  built  in  the  United  States. 
The  Boston  and  Providence  railroad  passes 
through  the  co.  Capital,  Dedham.  1  here  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  15,110,  sheep  2,297,  swine 
12,411;  wheat  3,341  bush,  produced,  rye  9,866, 
Ind.  corn  99,123,  buckwheat  2,878,  barley  18902 
oats  17,063,  potatoes  425,961 ;  15  commercial  and 
22  commission  houses  ^  foreign  trade  capital 
$326,000 ;  331  stores,  cap.  $l,/37  6p0 ;  17  lumber 
vards,  capital  $135,400  ;  value  of  hardware,  cut- 
ferv&c,  manufactured,  $191,000;  invested  in 
fisheries,  $90,500 ;  9,400  bush,  of  salt  produced  ;  4 
furnaces,  5  forges,  4  fulling  m.,  15  woollen  fac, 
38  cotton  fac.  30,237  sp.,  21  tanneries   1  pottery, 

*  -     ■     i   a :~~  w,      AA   cri-Jct  rn        F\Q  saw  m.. 


6  rope  fac.,  1  flouring  m.,  44  grist  m     59  saw  m 
13  paper  fac,  7  printing  offices,  3  binderies,  4 
weekly  newspapers.     Capital   in  manufactures 
$2,831,180.    46  acad.  1,473  students,  19/  schools 
i  1,776  scholars.     Pop.  53,140. 

Norfolk,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  s.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  544  square  miles. 
Drained  by  Elizabeth  and  Pasquotank  rivers. 
It  contains  the  greater  part  of  the  Dismal  swamp. 
Hampton  roads  lies  on  its  N.  border.  Capital, 
Norfolk.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,^43, 
sheep  2,943,  swine  18.615  ;  wheat  2,7 J7  bushels 
produced,  Ind.  corn  260,215,  oats  34,715,  potatoes 
35,490,  cotton  1,000  pounds ;  8  commission  and 
9  commercial  houses,  cap.  $204,500;  116  stores, 
cap.  $1,781,350;  1  tannery,  10  grist  m,  2  saw  m., 
4  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  2  clauy,  4  weekly, 
and  3  semi- weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  Hi  manu- 
fac. $249,700.  19  acad.  545  students  21  schools 
535  scholars.  Pop.  whites  11,280,  slaves  7,84o, 
free  col'd  1,967;  total,  21,092. 


NOR 


475 


NOR 


Norfolk,  p-t.,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct.,  36  w.  n.  w. 
Hartford,  314  W.  The  surface  is  elevated  and 
mountainous  ;  soil,  gravelly  loam,  adapted  to 
grazing.  Blackberry  r.  runs  through  the  t.,  and 
has,  a  little  w.  of  the  central  v.,  a  fall  of  30  feet, 
affording  water  power,  where  are  some  mills. 
This  v.  has  a  neat  Congregational  church,  with 
a  public  square  in  front  of  it,  and  a  number  of 
dwellings.  A  mile  N.  is  another  v.,  containing  2 
woollen  fac,  and  3  scythe  fac.  Both  villages 
contain  about.  30  dwellings.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$19,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  4  tanneries, 
1  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $64,670. 
1  acad.  132  students.  11  sch.  371  scholars.  Pop. 
1,3)3. 

Norfolk,  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.  Y.,  234 
n.  n.  w.  Albany,  513  W.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating ;  soil,  a  fertile  loam.  Drained  by  Racket 
r.  and  its  tributaries.  The  v.  is  situated  on 
Racket  r.,  and  contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1 
Methodist  church,  3  stores,  3  furnaces,  1  grist  m., 
1  saw  m.,  1  tannery,  2  trip-hammer  works,  1  sat- 
inet fac,  50  dwellings,  and  about  300  inhabitants. 
There  are  in  the  t.  4  stores,  cap.  $16,200 ;  2  fur- 
naces, 2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  2 
grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $18,805.  13 
sch.  614  scholars.    Pop.  1,728. 

Norfolk,  p-b.,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of 
Norfolk  co.,  Va.,  on  the  n.  e.  bank  of  Elizabeth  r., 
just  below  the  confluence  of  its  2  branches,  8  ms. 
above  its  entrance  into  Hampton  roads,  and  32 
ms.  from  the  ocean,  110,  by  water,  below  City 
point,  106  e.  s.  e.  Richmond,  230  W.,  36°  50'  50" 
N.  lat.,  and  76°  18'  47"  w.  Ion.  The  situation  is 
low,  the  streets  are  crooked  and  irregular,  and 
most  of  the  houses  are  not  remarkable  for  ele- 
gance. It  has  a  court  house,  jail,  a  market  house, 
a  theatre,  2  banks,  2  insurance  offices,  an  acad- 
emy, an  orphan  asylum,  an  atheneum,  with  a 
respectable  library,  and,  in  the  vicinity,  a  marine 
hospital,  and  a  U.  S.  navy  yard.  At  the  latter  is 
a  dry  dock,  constructed  of  hewn  granite,  which 
cost  $974,536.  There  are  8  churches— 2  Episco- 
pal, 1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  2  Methodist,  1 
Roman  Catholic,  and  1  Afncan.  The  harbor  is 
spacious  and  safe,  having  18  feet  water.  The 
entrance  to  it  is  over  a  mile  wide,  and  is  defended 
by  forts  Monroe  and  Calhoun.  It  has  more  for- 
eign commerce  than  any  other  place  in  the  state. 
The  tonnage  in  1840  was  19,079.  The  Dismal 
Swamp  canal  connects  Chesapeake  bay  with 
Albemarle  sound,  and  opens  an  extensive  water 
communication  from  Norfolk  to  the  south.  There 
were  in  this  place  in  1840,  8  for.  commercial  and 
8  commission  houses,  cap.  $202,000;  35  retail 
stores,  cap.  $1,590,500 ;  2  printing  offices,  1  bind- 
ery, 2  daily  and  1  semi-weekly  newspapers.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $178,300.  18  acad.  515  students,  17 
sch.  604  scholars.    Pop.  1830,  9,816 ;  1840,  10,920. 

Norman's  Kill,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Schenectady 
co.,  and  enters  the  Hudson  in  Bethlehem  t.,  2? 
ms.  s.  Albany.  It  affords  good  water  power  near 
its  mouth. 

Norridgewock,  p-t.,  capital  of  Somerset  co., 
Me.,  32  n.  Augusta,  627  W.  Situated  on  both 
sides  of  Kennebec  r.  The  surface  is  moderately 
hilly ;  soil,  generally  fertile,  adapted  to  grain. 
The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  n.  side  of 
Kennebec  r.,  across  which  is  a  fine  bridge,  con- 
necting it  with  a  v.  on  the  s.  side.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  a  Congregational  church,  and  a 
female  academy.  Its  trade  is  extensive  with  the 
back  country.  There  are  in  the  t.  7  stores,  cap. 
$18,500;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  weekly 
newspaper,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac  $13,725.  1  acad.  25  students,  20 
sch.  835  scholars     Pop.  1,865. 


Norristown,  p-b.,  Norriton  t.,  capital  of 
Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  91  e.  by  s.  Ilarrisburg,  154 
W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of  Schuylkill  r.  It 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and  public  offices,  of 
stone,  an  academy,  of  brick,  a  Presbyterian 
church,  of  stone,  an  Episcopal  church,  of  Gothic 
architecture,  of  stone,  a  library  of  1,200  vols.,  a 
literary  society,  with  a  cabinet  of  natural  history, 
and  about  400  dwellings.  A  bridge  across  the 
Schuylkill,  resting  on  stone  piers,  is  800  feet 
long,  with  abutments  of  1,050  feet,  and  cost 
$31,200.  The  streets  are  handsomely  graded, 
and  the  sidewalks  extensively  laid  with  bricks 
or  flagging-stones.  Here  is  a  dam  across  the 
Schuylkill,  creating  a  great  water  power.  It  has 
14  stores,  cap.  $85,000 ;  2  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$20,000;  1  forge,  3  cotton  fac.  19,064  sp.,  1  tan- 
nery,  2  printing  offices,  2  semi-weekly  newspa- 
pers, 2  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
8207,475.  1  acad.  33  students,  6  sch.  600  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  2,937. 

Norristown,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  O.,  130  e.  n.  e 
Columbus,  299  W. 

Norristown,  p-v.,  capital  of  Pope  co.,  Ark., 
71  n.  w.  Little  Rock,  1,136  W. 

Norrisville,  p-v.,  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  103  s. 
Tuscaloosa,  895  W. 

Norristonville,  p-v.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa., 
93  e.  Harrisburg,  158  W. 

Norriton,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.  The 
surface  is  level  ;  soil,  red  shale,  and  fertile. 
Drained  by  small  streams,  flowing  into  Schuyl- 
kill r.  The  b.  is  situated  on  Schuylkill  r.,  and 
possesses  great  water  power,  derived  from  the 
dam,  constructed  here  by  the  Schuylkill  Naviga- 
tion Company.  The  t.  has  4  stores,  cap.  $4,000; 
1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $3,000 ;  2  cotton  fac.  1,552 
sp.,  1  tannery,  6  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $5,337.  3  schools  80  scholars.  Pop. 
1,411. 

North  Adams,  p-v.,  Adams  t.,  Berkshire  co., 
Mass.,  126  w.  n.  w.  Boston,  393  W.  It  contains 
3  churches — 1  Congregational,  1  Baptist,  and  1 
Methodist — a  bank,  printing  offices,  numerous 
mills  and  factories,  and  about  2,000  inhabitants. 
It  is  the  largest  manufacturing  v.  in  the  co.  (See 
Adams  t.) 

North  Adams,  p-o.,  Adams  t.,  Jefferson  co., 
N.  Y.,  169  n.  w.  Albany,  410  W. 

North  Adrian,  p-o.,  Adrian  t.,  Lenawee  co., 
Mich. 

North  Almond,  p-o.,  Almond  t.,  Alleghany 
co.,  N.  Y.,  250  w.  by  s.  Albany,  325  W. 

North  Amherst,  p-v.,  Amherst  t.,  Hampshire 
co.,  Mass.,  88  w.  Boston,  3-58  W.  It  has  1  Con- 
gregational church,  2  scythe  fac,  and  several 
stores  and  dwellings. 

Northampton,  county,  Pa.  Situated  in  the 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,100  square  ms. 
The  surface  is  uneven  or  mountainous ;  soil, 
highly  productive.  Delaware  r.  bounds  it  on  the 
E.  Drained  by  the  Lehigh  river,  and  numerous 
small  creeks,  flowing  into  Delaware  r.  It  con- 
tains much  wild  and  picturesque  scenery.  Cap- 
ital, Easton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
19,471,  sheep  19,207,  swine  36,163 ;  wheat 299,695 
bush,  prod.,  rye  526,157,  Ind.  corn  276,773,  buck- 
wheat 82,191,  barley  12,650,  oats  244,760,  pota- 
toes 203,600;  163  stores,  cap.  $650,150;  20  lum- 
ber yards,  cap.  $55,200;  6  furnaces,  4  forges,  8 
fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  24  tanneries,  16  distil- 
leries, 4  breweries,  3  powder  m.,  1  paper  lac,  4 
printing  offices,  2  binderies,  5  weekly  newspa- 
pers, 29  flouring  m.,  65  grist  m,  69  saw  m.,  5  oil 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $872,33o  2  colleges  68 
students,  9  acad.  601  students,  76  schools  3,445 
scholars.    Pop.  40,996. 


NOR 


476 


NOR 


Northampton,  county,  Va.  Situated  on  the 
s.  part  of  the  eastern  shore,  having  the  Atlantic 
on  the  e.,  and  Chesapeake  bay  on  the  w.  It 
contains  320  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  diversified, 
and  the  shore  has  numerous  small  creeks,  and 
several  islands  along  the  Atlantic.  Capital,  East- 
ville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,574, 
sheep  5,453,  swine  12,269  ;  wheat  279  bush,  pro- 
duced, Indian  corn  296,718,  oats  197,058,  potatoes 
5 1,516,  cotton  6,003,  sugar  685  pounds  ;  16  stores, 
cap.  $39,5  JO ;  26  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  8  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $40,620.  7  sch.  186  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  3,341,  slaves  3,620,  free  col'd  754;  total, 
7,7!  5. 

Northampton,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  toward 
the  N.  k.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  516  sq. 
ms.  Roanoke  r.  runs  on  its  s.  w.  border,  and 
Meherrin  r.  on  its  n.  e.  border.  The  soil  is  gen- 
erally fertile.  Capital,  Jackson.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  12,427,  sheep  5,965,  swine  40,545 : 
wheat  20,308  bush,  produced,  rye  3,125,  Indian 
corn  716,050,  oats  78,650,  potatoes  38,600;  tobac- 
co 66/!61  pounds,  cotton  5,210,724  ;  10  stores,  cap. 
$50,000  ;  15  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $10,400.  1  acad.  22  students,  10  sch. 
147  scholars.  Pop.  whites  5,818,  slaves  6,759, 
free  colored  792;  total,  13,369. 

Northampton,  t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.,  50 
s.  e.  by  e.  Concord,  9  s.  by  w.  Portsmouth 
Drained  by  Little  and  Winnicut  rivers.  Incor- 
porated in  1742.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $2,000 ;  3 
tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  3  sen.  180  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  885. 

Northampton,  t.,  Peoria  co.,  111.  It  has  1 
sch.  20  scholars.     Pop.  316. 

Northampton,  p-t.,  capital  of  Hampshire  co., 
Mass.,  on  the  w.  bank  of  Connecticut  r.,  17  n. 
by  w.  Springfield,  93  w.  Boston,  67  E.  Albany, 
39  n.  Hartford,  Ct.,  380  W.  42°  19'  8"  N.  lat., 
and  72°  38'  21"  w.  Ion.  This  beautiful  t.  was 
the  third  settled  on  Connecticut  r.  Incorporated 
in  165 1.  The  surface  is  varied,  and  the  soil  good, 
particularly  the  extensive  meadows  on  the  river. 
The  village  is  handsomely  built,  having  many 
elegant  houses.  The  public  buildings  are  a 
court  house,  jail,  and  5  churches,  some  of  which 
are  spacious  and  handsome — 2  Congregational, 
1  Baptist,  1  Episcopal,  and  1  Unitarian — and  a 
female  seminary.  The  Round  Hill  School  is  a 
celebrated  seminary,  on  the  plan  of  a  German 
gymnasium.  There  is  a  bank  and  an  insurance 
co.  A  fine  bridge,  1,030  feet  long,  and  26  wide, 
supported  on  piers,  some  of  them  40  feet  high 
from  the  bottom  of  the  river,  completed  in  1326, 
connects  this  place  with  Hadley.  A  canal, 
which  here  joins  Connecticut  r.,  connects  North- 
ampton with  New  Haven,  Ct.  Mount  Tom,  in 
this  t.,  and  Mount  Holyokeon  the  opposite  side  of 
the  r.,  are  lofty  summits,  often  visited  for  their 
commanding  prospects.  A  stream  passes  through 
the  centre  of  the  t.  which  affords  good  water 
power.  There  were  in  1840,  34  stores,  cap. 
$125,700;  2  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  cap. 
$110,000;  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  11 
saw  m.,  1  paper  fac,  4  printing  offices,  2  binde- 
ries, 3  weekly  papers.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$254,800.  1  acad.  56  students,  21  sch.  937  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  133  ►,  3,613;  1840,  3,750. 

Northampton,  p-t.,  Fulton  co.,  N.  Y.,  18  n 
e.  Johnstown,  47  n.  w.  Albany,  415  W.  The 
surface  is  mostly  level ;  soil,  sand,  and  sandy 
loam.  Watered  by  Sacandaga  river  and  its 
branches.  In  the  s.  part  is  a  marshy  tract,  oc- 
casionally overflowed  by  the  Sacandaga  r.  and 
other  streams,  of  from  5  to  20,000  acres,  which 
produces  large  grass,  and  furnishes  an  extensive 
range  for  cattle.     At  the  confluence  of  May- 


field  cr.  with  Sacandaga  r.  stands  the  village  of 
Fish  House.  There  are  in  the  t.  10  stores,  cop. 
$11,000;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery, 
2  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $24,800. 
8  sch.  278  scholars.     Pop.  1,526. 

Northampton,  t.,  Burlington  co.,  N.  J.  The 
surface  is  generally  level ;  soil,  sand,  and  sandy 
loam,  in  the  n.  w.  part  fertile,  in  the  s.  and  s.  e. 
parts  covered  with  pine  and  oak  forests,  and 
sterile.  Drained  by  Rancocus  cr.,  and  tributaries 
of  Little  Egg  Harbor  river.  It  contains  Mount 
Holly  v.,  the  capital  of  the  county.  The  t.  has  29 
stores,  cap.  $112,100;  3  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$9,000;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  cotton 
fac.  2,590  sp.,  2  tanneries,  5  distilleries,  1  pottery, 
2  paper  fac,  2  binderies,  2  weekly  newspapers, 
7  grist  m.,  11  saw  in.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $233,100. 
4  acad.  91  students,  6  sch.  336  scholars.  Pop. 
6,813. 

Northampton,  l.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  10  s.  e. 
Doylestown,  20  n.  Philadelphia.  The  surface 
is  level ;  soil,  a  fertile  loam.  Drained  by 
branches  of  Neshaminy  cr.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$9,000;  4  grist  m.,  3  sch.  114  scholars.  Pop. 
1,694. 

Northampton,  t.,  Lehigh  county,  Pa.  It  is 
a  small  t.  which  surrounds  the  borough  of  Al- 
lentown.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  calcareous 
loam.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $4,000 ;  1  flouring  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,300.  1  sch.  40  scholars. 
Pop.  293. 

North  Andover,  p-v.,  Andover  t.,  Essex  co., 
Mass.,  23  n.  Boston,  456  W.  Situated  near  the 
s.  end  of  Great  Pond,  which  covers  450  acres, 
the  outlet  of  which,  into  Merrimac  r.,  affords 
water  power.  It  contains  a  Congregational  and 
a  Unitarian  church,  and  a  woollen  fac. 

North  Argyle,  p-o.,  Argyle  t.,  Washington 
co.,  N.  Y.,  50  n.  n.  e.  Albany,  420  W. 

North  Ashford,  p-v.,  Ashford  t.,  Wind- 
ham co.,  Ct.,  35  e.  n.  e.  Hartford,  371  W.  It 
has  1  Baptist  church. 

North  Attleborough,  p-v.,  Attleborough  t., 
Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  38  s.  by  e.  Boston,  412  W. 
It  has  1  Baptist  church  and  several  factories. 

North  Bangor,  p-v.,  Bangor  t.,  Penobscot 
co.,  Me.,  71  e.  n.  e.  Augusta,  667  W. 

North  Barnstead,  p-o.,  Barnstead  t.,  Belk- 
nap co.,  N.  II. 

North  Barton,  p-o.,  Barton  t.,  Tioga  co.,  N. 
Y.,  185  w.  s.  w.  Albany. 

North  Beaver,  t.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.  The  surface 
is  undulating ;  soil,  a  fertile  calcareous  loam. 
Drained  by  Hickory  cr.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$1,400 ;  4  tanneries,  5  distilleries,  1  flouring  m., 
6  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $34,350. 
14  sch.  431  sch.     Pop.  2,293. 

North  Becket,  p-v.,  Becket  t.,  Berkshire  co., 
Mass.,  123  Boston,  392  W. 

North  Belgrade,  p-o.,  Belgrade  t.,  Kenne- 
bec co.,  Me.,  17  n.  e.  Augusta,  613  W. 

North  Belmont,  p-o.,  Belmont  t.,  Waldo  co., 
Me.,  35  e.  by  N.  Augusta,  631  W. 

North  Bend,  p-o.,  Macon  co.,  111.,  78  e. 
Springfield,  705  W. 

North  Bennington,  p-o.,  Bennington  t.  and 
co.,  Vt.,  121  s.  w.  by  s.  Montpelier,  411  W. 

North  Benton,  p-o.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.,  147 
n.  E.  by  e.  Columbus,  300  W. 

North  Bergen,  p-o.,  Bergen  t.,  Genesee 
co.,  N.  Y.,  240  w.  by  n.  Albany,  331  Washing- 
ion. 

North  Berwick,  p-t.,  York  co.,  Me.,  89  s.  w. 
Augusta,  506  W.     It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $   30  J ; 

4  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  3  tanneries,  2  grist  m., 

5  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,280.    17  sch. 
563  scholars.    Pop.  1,461. 


NOR 


477 


NOR 


North  Bethel,  p-o.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  55  w. 
Augusta,  611  W. 

North  Big  Flats,  p-o.,  Bit?  Flats  t,,  Che- 
mung co.,  N.  Y.,  203  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  237  W. 

North  Blanford,  p  o.,  B I  an  ford  t.,  Hampden 
co.,  Mass.,  114  w.  by  s.  Boston,  374  W. 

North  Blenheim,  p-o.,  Blenheim  t.,  Scho- 
harie co.,  N.  Y.,  47  w.  Albany,  375  W. 

North  Bloomfield,  p  v.,  West  Bloomfield 
t.,  Ontario  co.,  N.  V.,  ill  w.  Albany,  358  W. 
Situated  on  Honeoye  cr.,  and  contains  1  churcli, 
2  stores,  1  woollen  iiic,  1  clothier's  works,  1  fur- 
nace. 3  machine  shops,  30  dwellings,  and  about 
200  inhabitants. 

North  Bloomfield,  p-o.,  Bloomfield  t., 
Trumbull  co.,  O.,  173  n.  e.  Columbus,  319  W. 

North  Blue  Hill,  p-o.,  Blue  Hill  t.,  Han- 
cock co.,  Me.,  69  E.  Augusta,  666  W. 

North  Bootiibay,  p-v.,  Boothbay  t.,  Lincoln 
co..  Me.,  35  s.  s.  E.  Augusta,  596  W. 

Northborough,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
33  w.  Boston,  403  W.  Watered  by  Assabet  r., 
which  affords  water  power.  Incorporated  in 
1766.  It  contains  a  Congregational,  Baptist,  and 
a  Unitarian  church.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $'2,100; 
1  fulling  m.,  2  cotton  fac.  2,052  sp.,  1  tannery,  6 

rist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $75,100. 
acad.  45  students,  6  sch.  368  scholars.  Pop. 
1,348. 

North  Boston,  p-o.,  Boston  t.,  Erie  co.,  N. 
Y..303  w.  Albany,  366  W. 

North  Branch,  p-o.,  Hillsboro'  co.,  N.  H.,  26 
s.  Concord,  456  W. 

North  Branch,  p-o.,  Somerset  co.,  N.  J.,  35 
N.  Trenton,  206  W. 

North  Branford,  p-t.,  New  Haven  co.,  Ct. 
It  has  7  sch.  140.     Pop.  1,016. 

North  Bridge,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  39 
s.  w.  by  w.  Boston,  406  W.  Watered  by  Black- 
stone  and  Mumford  rivers,  which  afford  exten- 
sive water  power.  The  soil  is  mostly  rocky  and 
rough,  but  is  fertile,  particularly  on  the  rivers, 
where  are  fine  intervales.    Incorporated  in  1772. 


Blackstone  canal  passes  through  the  t.on  the  w 
bank  of  Biackstone  r.  It  con  aina  4  churches — 
2  Congregational,  1  "Methodist,  and  1  Friends. 
It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $12,000;  6  cotton  fac.  10,100 
sp.,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$10,100.    8  sch.  350  scholars.     Pop.  1,449. 

North  Bridgeton,  p-o.,  Bridgeton  t.,  Cum- 
berland co.,  Me.,  60  s.  w.  by  w.  Augusta,  581  W. 

North  Bridgewater,  p-t.,  Plymouth  co., 
Mass.,  22  s.  by  e.  Boston,  433  W.  The  surface 
is  level ;  soil,  in  some  parts  very  fertile.  The  v. 
contains  3  churches — 1  Congregational,  1  Uni- 
tarian, and  1  New  Jerusalem — and  over  100 
dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  16  stores,  cap. 
$25,000 ;  3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$65,800.  2  acad.  66  students,  9  sch.  483  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  2,616. 

North  Brookfield,  p-t.,  Worcester  county, 
Mass.,  60  w.  Boston,  392  W.  The  surface  is 
elevated ;  soil,  fertile.  The  v.  contains  1  Con- 
gregational and  1  Methodist  church,  and  about 
30  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  4  stores,  cap. 
$6,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery, 
2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $59,075. 
11  sch.  523  scholars.     Pop.  1,485. 

North  Brookfield,  p-o.,  Brookfield  t.,  Madi- 
son co.,  N.  Y.,  84  w.  by  n.  Albany,  366  W. 

North  Brunswick,  t.,  Middlesex  co.,  N.  J.  It 
has  the  Raritan  r.  on  the  n.,  and  South  r.  on  the 
e.  Drained  centrally  by  Lawrence's  brook. 
(It  contains  most  of  the  city  of  New  Brunswick, 
which  see.)  It  has  79  stores,  cap.  $269,700 ;  3 
lumber  yards,  cap.  $23,000 ;  3  tanneries,  1  dis- 
tillery, 2  potteries,  3  printing  offices,  2  binderies, 
2  weekly  newspapers,  1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $103,600.  1  acad.  45 
students,  18  sch.  686  scholars.     Pop.  5,866. 

North  Bucksport,  p-v.,  Bucksport  t.,  Han- 
cock co.,  Me.,  62  n.  e.  by  e.  Augusta,  658  W. 

North  Camden,  p-o.,  Lorain  co.,  O.,  Ill  n.  n. 
e.  Columbus,  380  W. 

North  Canton,  p-v.,  Canton  t.,  Hartford  co., 
Ct.,  19  n.  w.  Hartford,  355  W. 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 


North  Carolina,  one  of  the  southern  United  States,  is  bounded  n.  by  Virginia ;  E.  by  the 
Atlantic  ;  s.  by  South  Carolina  ;  and  w.  by  Tennessee.  It  is  between  33°  50*  and  36°  30'  n.  lat., 
and  between  75°  45'  and  84°  w.  Ion. ;  and  between  6°  20'  w.  and  1°  33'  e.  from  W.  It  is  430  miles 
long,  and  180  broad,  containing  48,000  square  miles,  or  30,720,000  acres. 

The  population  in  1790,  was  393,754;  in  1800,  478,103;  in  1810,  555,500;  in  1820,  633,829;  in 
1830,  738,470  ;  in  18 10,  753,419,  of  which  245,817  were  slaves.  Of  the  free  population,  240,047  were 
white  males;  244,823  do.  females ;  11,226  were  colored  males;  11,505  do.  females.  Employed  in 
agriculture,  there  were  217,095 ;  in  commerce,  1,734  ;  in  manufactures  and  trades,  14,322 ;  naviga- 
ting the  ocean,  327;  do.  canals,  rivers,  &c,  379;  learned  professions,  1,086. 

This  state  is  divided  into  63  counties,  which,  with  their  population  in  1840,  and  their  capitals,  are  as 
follows  :  Anson,  15,077,  Wadesborough ;  Ashe,  7,467,  Jeffersonton  ;  Beaufort,  12,225,  Washing- 
ton; Bertie,  12,175,  Windsor;  Bladen, 8,022,  Elizabeth;  Brunswick,  5,265,  Smithville;  Bun- 
combe, 10,084,  Ashville ;  Burke,  15,799,  Morganton;  Cabarrus,  9,259,  Concord;  Camden,  5,663, 
Jonesboro' ;  Carteret,  6,591,  Beaufort;  Caswell,  14,693,  Yanceyville ;  Chatham,  16,242, 
Pittsboro' ;  Cherokee,  3,427,  Murphy  ;  Chowan,  6,693,  Edenton ;  Columbus,  3,941,  Whitesville ; 
Craven,  13,433,  Newbern;  Cumberland,  15,284,  Fayetteville;  Currituck,  6,703,  Currituck 
C.  H.;  Davidson,  14,606,  Lexington;  Davie,  7,574,  Mocksville;  Duplin,  11,182,  Kenansville  ; 
Edgecombe,  15,708,  Tarboro' ;  Franklin,  10,980,  Louisburg;  Gates,  8,161,  Gatesville;  Gran- 
ville, 18,817,  Oxford;  Greene,  6,595,  Snow  Hill;  Guilford,  19,175,  Greensboro';  Halifax, 
16,865,  Halifax;  Haywood,  4,975,  Waynesville;  Henderson,  5,129,  Hendersonville ;  Hertford, 
7,484,  Winton ;  Hyde,  6,458,  Lake  Landing ;  Iredell,  15,685,  Statesville ;  Johnston,  10,599, 
Smithfield;  Jones,  4,945,  Trenton  ;  Lenoir,  7,605,  Kingston ;  Lincoln,  25,160,  Lincolnton  ;  Ma- 
con, 4,869,  Franklin  ;  Martin,  7,637,  Williamston ;  Mecklenburg,  18,273,  Charlotte;  Mont- 
gomery, 10,780,  Lawrenceville ;  Moore,  7,938,  Carthage;  Nash,  9,047,  Nashville;  New  Han- 
over, 13,312,  Wilmington ;   Northampton,  13,369,  Jackson ;  Onslow,  7,527,  Onslow  C   H. ; 


NOR  478  NOR 

Orange,  24,336,  Hillsboro' ;  Pasquotank,  8,514,  Elizabeth  City;  Perquimans,  7,346,  Hertford; 
Person,  9,790,  Roxboro' ;  Pitt,  11,806,  Greenville;  Randolph,  12,875,  Ashboro' ;  Richmond, 
8,909,  Rockingham ;  Robeson,  10,370,  Luraberton ;  Rockingham,  13,422,  Wentworth;  Rowan, 
12,109,  Salisbury;  Rutherford,  19,202,  Rutherfordton ;  Sampson,  12,157,  Clinton;  Stokes, 
16,265,  Germanton;  Surry,  15,079,  Rockford;  Tyrrel,  4,657,  Columbia;  Wake,  21,118,  Ra- 
leigh; Warren,  12,919,  Warrenton ;  Washington,  4,525,  Plymouth;  Wayne,  10,891  Waynes- 
boro' ;  Wilkes,  12,577,  Wilkesboro'  ;  Yancey,  5,962,  Burnsville. 

Raleigh,  situated  near  the  centre  of  the  state,  6  miles  w.  of  the  Neuse  river,  is  the  seat  of  gov- 
ernment. 

Along  the  whole  coast  of  North  Carolina  is  a  ridge  of  sand,  separated  from  the  main  land  in  some 
places  by  narrow  and  in  other  places  by  broad  sounds  and  bays.  The  passages  or  inlets  through 
it  are  shallow  and  dangerous ,  and  Ocracoke  inlet  is  the  only  one  through  which  vessels  pass. 
Capes  Hatteras  and  Lookout  are  projecting  points  in  this  belt,  and  off  them,  particularly  the  former, 
is  the  most  dangerous  navigation  on  the  coast  of  the  United  States.  Cape  Fear  is  on  an  island  off 
the  mouth  of  Cape  Fear  river.  For  60  or  80  miles  from  the  shore,  the  country  is  a  dead  level ;  the 
streams  are  sluggish  and  muddy,  and  there  are  many  swamps  and  marshes.  The  soil  is  sandy 
and  poor,  excepting  on  the  margins  of  the  streams,  where  it  is  frequently  rich.  The  natural  growth 
of  this  region  is  almost  universally  the  pitch  pine,  which  is  much  larger  than  the  same  tree  in  the 
northern  states.  This  tree  affords  tar,  pitch,  turpentine,  and  lumber,  which  constitute  an  important 
portion  of  the  exports  of  the  state.  In  the  swamps  rice  of  a  fine  quality  is  raised.  Back  of  the  flat 
country,  and  extending  to  the  lower  falls  of  the  rivers,  is  a  belt  of  about  40  miles  wide,  of  a  mode- 
rately uneven  surface,  a  sandy  soil,  and  of  which  the  pitch  pine  is  the  prevailing  natural  growth. 
Above  the  falls  the  country  is  uneven,  the  streams  have  a  more  rapid  current,  the  country  is  more 
fertile,  and  produces  wheat,  rye,  barley,  oats,  and  flax.  The  western  part  of  the  state  is  an  elevated 
table  land  about  1,800  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  with  some  high  ranges,  and  very  elevated 
summits.  Black  mountain,  in  Yancey  co.,  is  6,476  feet  high,  the  highest  land  in  the  U.  States  e.  of 
the  Rocky  mountains.  Roan  mountain  is  6,038  feet,  and  Grandfather  mountain  is  5,556  feet  high. 
The  soil  is  generally  good,  but  w.  of  the  mountains  it  is  still  more  fertile.  Throughout  the  state 
Indian  corn  is  raised,  and  in  some  parts,  considerable  cotton.  In  the  low  country,  grapes,  plums, 
blackberries,  and  strawberries  grow  spontaneously  ;  and  on  the  intervals  canes  grow  luxuriantly  ; 
and  their  leaves  continuing  green  through  the  winter,  furnish  food  for  cattle.  The  low  country  is 
somewhat  unhealthy,  but  in  the  elevated  parts  the  air  is  pure  and  salubrious.  In  the  elevated 
country,  oak,  walnut,  lime,  and  cherry  trees,  of  a  large  growth,  abound.  In  the  northern  part  of 
this  state,  and  extending  into  Virginia,  is  the  great  Dismal  swamp,  which  is  30  miles  long  and  10 
broad,  and  covers  a  surface  of  150,000  acres.  In  the  centre  of  it,  and  within  the  state  of  Virginia, 
is  Lake  Drummond,  15  miles  in  circuit.  A  canal  passes  through  this  swamp,  mentioned  in  the 
account  of  Virginia,  with  a  feeder  5  ms.  long  from  Lake  Drummond.  This  swamp  is  thickly  wooded 
with  pine,  juniper,  cypress,  and  in  its  drier  parts,  with  white  and  red  oak.  In  some  parts,  the 
thickness  of  the  growth  renders  it  impervious.  South  of  this,  between  Albemarle  and  Pamlico 
sounds,  is  Alligator  swamp,  which  has  a  lake  in  the  centre.  It  is  computed  that  2,500,000  acres  of 
swamp  in  this  state  might,  be  easily  drained,  which  would  afford  a  rich  soil  for  the  cultivation  of 
cotton,  tobacco,  rice,  and  Indian  corn. 

There  were  in  the  state  in  1840,  166,608  horses  and  mules ;  617,371  neat  cattle  ;  538,279  sheep  ; 
1,649,716  swine ;  poultry  to  the  value  of  $544,125.  There  were  produced  1,960,885  bushels  of 
wheat;  3,574  of  barley ;  3,193,941  of  oats;  213,971  of  rye;  15,391  of  buckwheat;  23,893,763  of 
Indian  corn;  625,044  pounds  of  wool ;  1,063  of  hops;  118,923  of  wax;  2,609,239  bushels  of  pota- 
toes ;  101,369  tons  of  hay ;  9,879  of  hemp  and  flax ;  16,772,359  pounds  of  tobacco ;  2,820,388  of  rice  ; 
51,926,190  of  cotton  ;  3,014  of  silk  cocoons  ;  7,163  of  sugar ;  the  products  of  the  dairy  were  valued 
at  $674,349 ;  of  the  orchard  at  $386,006 ;  of  lumber  at  $506,766.  There  were  made  28,752  gallons 
of  wine. 

The  principal  minerals  of  North  Carolina  are  gold  and  iron.  The  gold  region  lies  on  both  sides 
of  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  extends  e.  of  the  Yadkin.  It  exists  in  grains,  and  in  small  masses  and  lumps, 
some  of  them  worth  from  100  to  7  or  8  thousand  dollars,  and  in  veins.  Many  persons  have  en- 
gaged in  digging  for  gold,  and  with  some  success.  A  considerable  amount  is  sent  annually  to  the 
Mint  of  the  United  States. 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  Chowan,  400  miles  long,  navigable  for  small  vessels  30  miles  ;  Roan- 
oke ;  Pamlico,  navigable  for  30  miles  ;  Neuse  ;  Cape  Fear,  the  largest  river  in  the  state,  280  miles 
long,  with  11  feet  of  water  to  Wilmington  ;  the  Yadkin,  which  forms  a  part  of  the  Great  Pedee  in 
South  Carolina  ;  and  the  Catawba,  which  also  passes  into  South  Carolina.  The  sluggishness  of  the 
rivers  as  they  approach  the  sea,  and  the  sandy  character  of  the  coast,  cause  them  to  be  extensively 
obstructed  by  bars  at  their  mouths.  As  this  state  has  few  good  harbors,  much  of  its  commerce  is 
carried  on  through  Virginia,  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  and  Tennessee.  Wilmington,  on  Cape  Fear 
river,  40  miles  from  the  sea,  is  the  most  commercial  place  in  the  state.    Newbern,  on  the  Neuse, 


NOR 479 NOR 

30  miles  from  Pamlico  sound,  has  some  commerce.    Fayetteville,  at  the  head  of  boat  navigation  on 
Cape  Fear  river,  has  considerable  trade. 

The  exports  of  the  state  in  1840,  amounted  to  $397,484  ;  and  the  imports  to  $252,532.  There 
were  4  commercial  and  46  commission  houses  engaged  in  foreign  trade,  with  a  capital  of  $151,300  ; 
1,063  retail  drygoods  and  other  stores,  with  a  capital  of  $5,082,835  ;  432  persons  employed  in  the 
lumber  trade,  with  a  capital  of  $46,000 ;  213  persons  employed  in  internal  transportation,  who, 
with  24  butchers,  packers,  &c,  employed  a  capital  of  $9,000;  1,784  persons  employed  in  the  fish- 
eries, with  a  capital  of  $213,502. 

The  amount  of  home-made  or  family  manufactures  was  $1,413,242  ;  there  were  3  woollen  man- 
ufactories and  1  fulling  mill,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $3,900,  with  a  capital  of  $9,800  ;  25 
cotton  manufactories,  with  47,934  spindles,  employing  1,219  persons,  producing  articles  to  the 
amount  of  $438,900,  with  a  capital  of  $995,300 ;  there  were  8  furnaces,  producing  968  tons  of  cast 
iron,  and  43  forges,  &c,  producing  963  tons  of  bar  iron,  employing  463  persons,  and  a  capital  of 
$94,961 ;  2  smelting  houses,  employing  30  persons,  and  produced  10,000  pounds  of  lead  ;  10  smelt- 
ing houses  employed  389  persons,  and  produced  gold  to  the  amount  of  $255,618,  with  a  capital  of 
$9,832;  2  paper  mills,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $8,785,  with  a  capital  of  $5,000 ;  hats 
and  caps  were  manufactured  to  the  amount  of  $38,167,  and  straw  bonnets  to  the  amount  of  $1,700, 
employing  142  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $13,141 ;  353  tanneries  employed  645  persons,  with  a  capi- 
tal of  $271,979;  238  other  leather  manufactories,  as  saddleries,  &c,  produced  articles  to  the 
amount  of  $185,387,  with  a  capital  of  $76,163  ;  16  potteries  employed  21  persons,  producing  articles 
to  the  amount  of  $6,260,  with  a  capital  of  $1,531 ;  89  persons  manufactured  machinery  to  the 
amount  of  $43,285  ;  43  persons  manufactured  hardware  and  cutlery  to  the  amount  of  $1,200  ;  698 
persons  manufactured  carriages  and  wagons  to  the  amount  of  $301,601,  with  a  capital  of  $173,318  ; 
323  flouring  mills  produced  87,641  barrels  of  flour,  and  with  other  mills  employed  1,830  persons, 
producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $1,552,096,  employing  a  capital  of  $1,670,228;  vessels  were 
built  to  the  amount  of  $62,800 ;  223  persons  manufactured  furniture  to  the  amount  of  $35,002,  with 
a  capital  of  $57,980 ;  40  persons  manufactured  1,085  small-arms  ;  15  persons  manufactured  granite 
and  marble  to  the  amount  of  $1,083;  276  persons  produced  bricks  and  lime  to  the  amount  of 
$58,336 ;  367  persons  manufactured  1,612,825  pounds  of  soap,  148,546  do.  of  tallow  candles,  335  do. 
of  spermaceti  and  wax  candles,  with  a  capital  of  $4,754;  2,802  distilleries  produced  1,051,979  gal- 
lons, and  with  breweries,  which  produced  17,431  gallons,  employed  1,422  persons,  and  a  capital  of 
$180,200;  33  brick  or  stone,  and  1,822  wooden  houses,  employed  1,707  persons,  at  a  cost  of 
$410,264  ;  26  printing  offices,  4  binderies,  26  weekly,  and  1  semi- weekly  newspapers,  and  2  peri- 
odicals, employed  103  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $55,400.  The  whole  amount  of  capital  employed 
in  manufactures  was  $3,833,900. 

The  University  of  North  Carolina,  at  Chapel  Hill,  27  ms.  w.  n.  w.  from  Raleigh,  was  founded  in 
1791.  Davidson  College,  in  Mecklenburg  county,  was  founded  in  1837.  In  these  institutions  there 
were  in  1840,  158  students.  There  were  in  the  state  141  academies,  with  4,398  students,  632  com- 
mon and  primary  schools,  with  14,937  scholars  ;  and  56,609  white  persons  over  20  years  of  age, 
who  could  neither  read  nor  write. 

In  the  low  country  the  Methodists  and  Baptists  are  the  most  numerous  religious  denominations. 
In  the  elevated  country  w.  are  many  Presbyterians.  The  Methodists  and  Baptists  have  each 
about  20,000  communicants;  the  Presbyterians  about  11,000.  The  Episcopalians  have  a  bishop 
and  20  ministers ;  the  Lutherans  have  18  ministers,  38  congregations,  and  1,886  communicants. 
Besides  these,  there  are  some  Moravians,  Roman  Catholics,  Friends,  &c. 

There  were  in  October,  1839,  in  this  state,  6  banks  and  branches,  with  a  capital  of  $1,500,000, 
and  a  circulation  of  $1,165,857. 

The  constitution  of  this  state  was  adopted  in  December,  1776,  which  was  revised  and  modified 
m  1835.  The  senate  and  house  of  commons  are  elected  biennially  by  the  people.  The  senate 
consists  of  50  members,  and  the  house  of  commons  of  120.  The  senate  is  chosen  by  districts,  the 
number  apportioned  by  the  amount  of  state  taxes  paid.  The  members  of  the  house  of  commons 
are  apportioned  among  the  counties  according  to  their  population.  The  governor  is  chosen  for  2 
years  by  a  joint  vote  of  both  houses,  and  is  eligible  only  4  years  in  6.  There  is  an  executive 
council  of  7  members,  chosen  biennially  by  a  joint  vote  of  both  houses.  In  case  of  the  death  of 
the  governor,  the  duty  devolves  upon  the  speaker  of  the  senate.  The  judges  of  the  supreme  court 
are  chosen  by  a  joint  ballot  of  both  houses  of  the  legislature,  and  hold  their  offices  during  good 
behavior.  The  attorney-general  is  appointed  by  the  legislature  for  4  years.  The  right  of  suffrage 
extends  to  all  free  white  persons  of  21  years  of  age,  who  have  been  inhabitants  of  the  state  for  12 
months  previous  to  the  election ;  but  in  order  to  vote  for  a  senator  a  freeman  must  possess  a  free- 
hold of  50  acres  of  land.  The  legislature  meets  biennially  at  Raleigh,  on  the  second  Monday  of 
November,  and  the  governor  is  chosen  in  December  following. 

The  works  of  internal  improvement  are  not  so  numerous  and  extensive  in  this,  as  in  some  other 
states.    The  Wilmington  and  Raleigh  railroad  extends  from  Wilmington  161  i  miles  to  Weldon,  on 


NOR 


480 


NOR 


the  Roanoke,  and  connects  with  the  Portsmouth  and  Roanoke  railroad.  It  was  commenced  in  1836, 
and  completed  in  1840.  The  Raleigh  and  Gaston  railroad  extends  from  Raleigh  85  miles  to  Gaston, 
on  the  Roanoke,  where  it  unites  with  the  Petersburg,  Greenville,  and  Roanoke  railroads.  North- 
west canal  connects  Northwest  river,  6  miles,  with  the  Dismal  Swamp  canal.  Weldon  canal 
extends  12  miles  round  the  falls  of  the  Roanoke.  Clubfoot  and  Harlow  canal  extends  from  the 
head  waters  of  the  Clubfoot,  H  m.  to  those  of  Harlow  creek,  near  Beaufort. 

The  first  permanent  settlement  in  this  state  was  made  on  the  eastern  bank  of  the  Chowan,  and 
called  Albemarle,  by  emigrants  who  fled  from  religious  persecution  from  Nansemond,  in  Virginia, 
about  1660.  Several  previous  attempts  to  settle  it  had  failed.  It  had  been  granted  to  different 
proprietors  at  different  times ;  but  in  1663  it  was  transferred  to  Lord  Clarendon,  and  some  others, 
who  procured  a  constitution  of  government  to  be  prepared  for  it  by  the  celebrated  John  Locke. 
The  chief  magistrate  was  called  the  Palatine,  and  there  was  an  hereditary  nobility.  The  legisla- 
ture was  called  a  Parliament.  This  constitution  was  found  so  defective,  that,  in  1693,  it  was  abol- 
ished. In  1729,  the  crown  purchased  the  whole  of  the  Carolinas  for  £17,500  sterling  ;  and  the  king 
immediately  divided  it  into  two  provinces,  North  and  South  Carolina,  which  ever  after  continued 
separate.  In  1769,  this  province  successfully  resisted  the  oppression  of  the  British  ministry.  Two 
years  after  1,500  of  the  inhabitants,  assuming  the  name  of  regulators,  rose  in  rebellion.  Gov. 
Tryon  fought  and  defeated  them.  Three  hundred  were  killed  in  battle ;  and  of  those  taken,  12 
were  condemned  for  high  treason,  and  6  were  executed.  During  the  war  of  the  revolution  the 
inhabitants  of  this  state  were  the  devoted  friends  of  their  country.  The  severe  battle  of  Guilford 
Court  House,  fought  within  its  limits,  is  well  known.  In  1776,  early  in  the  war,  this  state  formed  a 
constitution,  which,  with  some  recent  modifications,  continues  to  the  present  time.  In  convention, 
November  27th,  1789,  this  state  adopted  the  constitution  of  the  United  States  ;  yeas  193,  nays  75 ; 
majority,  118. 


North  Craven,  p-o.,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  44 
s.  s.  e.  Boston,  442  W. 

North  Castine,  p-o.,  Castine  t.,  Hancock  co., 
Me.,  72  e.  Augusta,  663  W. 

North  Castle,  p-t.,  Westchester  co.,  N.  Y., 
6  n.  White  Plains,  132  s.  Albany,  263  W.  The 
surface  is  hilly  and  stony  ;  soil,  sandy  loam  and 
clav.  Drained  by  Byram  r.  It  has  4  sch.  110 
scholars.    Pop.  2,053. 

North  Charleston,  p-v.,  Charleston  t.,  Sul- 
livan co.,  N.  H,  54  w.  Concord,  459  W. 

North  Chatham,  p-o.,  Chatham  t.,  Carroll 
co.,  N.  H,  90  n.  n.  e.  Concord,  534  W. 

North  Chatham,  p-v.,  Chatham  t.,  Barnsta- 
ble co.,  Mass.,  98  s.  e.  Boston,  499  W. 

North  Chatham,  p-v.,  Chatham  t.,  Columbia 
co.,  N.  Y.,  15  s.  by  e.  Albany,  363  W.  It  con- 
tains 2  churches,  3  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m., 
30  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

North  Chelmsford,  p-o.,  Chelmsford  t,  Mid- 
dlesex co.,  Mass.,  25  n.  w.  Boston. 

North  Chenango,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.  It  has 
2  stores,  cap.  $4,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  4  grist 
m.,7sawm.    Cap.  in  manuf.  $19,000.    Pop.  1,210. 

North  Chester,  p-o.,  Chester  t.,  Hampden 
co.,  Mass. 

North  Chichester,  p-v.,  Chichester  t.,  Mer- 
rimac  co.,  N.  H.,  11  e.  Concord,  492  W. 

North  Chili,  p-o.,  Chili  t.,  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y., 
230  w.  by  n.  Albany,  377  W. 

North  Clarence,  p-o.,  Clarence  t.,  Erie  co., 
N.  Y.,  275  w.  Albany,  395  W. 

North  Clinton,  p-o.,  Clinton  t,  Kennebec 
co.,  Me.,  23  n.  by  e.  Augusta,  623  W. 

North  Clymer,  p-o.,  Clymer  t.,  Chautauque 
co  ,  N.  Y.,  356  w.  Albany,  337  W. 

North  Codorus,  t.,  York  co.,  Pa.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $1,900;  14  distilleries,  4  grist  m.,  3 
saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $19,415.     Pop.  1,540. 

North  Conhocton,  p-o.,  Conhocton  t.,  Steu- 
ben co.,  N.  Y.,  225  w.  by  n.  Albany. 

North  Conway,  p-o.,  Conway  t,  Carroll  co., 
N.  H,  71  n.  n.  e.  Concord,  555  W. 

North  Cove,  p-o.,  Burke  co.,  N.  C,  219  w. 
Raleigh,  449  W. 

Nm~:i  Divers,  p-v.,  Danvers  t.,  Essex  co., 
Mas* ,  40  n  n  E.  4Jvn>on,  461  W. 


North  Danville,  p-o.,  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  34 
N.  e.  Montpelier,  547  W. 

North  Dartmouth,  p-v.,  Dartmouth  t.,  Bris- 
tol co.,  Mass.,  61  s.  Boston,  430  W. 

North  Dighton,  p-o.,  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  37  s. 
by  w.  Boston,  424  W. 

North  Dixmont,  p-o.,  Dixmont  t.,  Penobscot 
co.,  Me.,  44  n.  e.  Augusta,  639  W. 

North  Dorset,  p-o.,  Dorset  t.,  Bennington 
co.,  Vt.,  84  s.  s.  w.  Montpelier,  439  W. 

North  Dover,  p-o.,  Dover  t.,  Cuyahoga  co., 
O.,  129  n.  e.  by  n.  Columbus,  371  W. 

North  Dunbarton,  p-v.,  Dunbarton  t.,  Mer- 
rimac  co.,  N.  H.,  7  s.  by  w.  Concord,  477  W. 

North  East,  p-t.,  Dutchess  co.,  N.  Y.,  53  s.  s. 
e.  Albany,  332  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  and 
rough,  containing  Taghkannic  mountain;  soil, 
generally  productive.  Drained  by  Ten  Mile  cr. 
and  its  tributaries.  It  has  several  ponds,  and 
contains  some  lead  ore.  The  v.  contains  1  Bap- 
tist church,  3  stores,  about  25  dwellings,  and  150 
inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  5  stores,  cap. 
$16,500;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery, 
3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $24,400. 
6  sch.  144  scholars.     Pop.  1,385. 

North  East,  p-t.,  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  10  n.  e.  Erie, 
281  n.  w.  by  w.  Harrisburg,  358  W.  Drained  by 
Sixteen  and  Twenty  Mile  creeks.  It  is  bounded 
n.  by  Lake  Erie,  and  E.  by  New  York  state. 
The  b.  contains  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  distil- 
lery, 1  paper  fac,  4  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $25,500.  2  sch.  66  scholars.  Pop.  339. 
There  are  in  the  t.,  exclusive  of  the  b.,  3  stores, 
cap.  $10,000;  2  tanneries.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$2,500.     17  sch.  468  scholars.     Pop.  1,793. 

North  East,  p-v.,  Cecil  co.,  Mil.,  74  n.  e.  An- 
napolis, 84  W. 

Northeast  Centre,  p-o.,  North  East  t., 
Dutchess  co.,  N.  Y.,  56  s.  s.  e.  Albany,  329  W. 

North  Easton,  p-o.,  Easton  t.,  Bristol  co., 


North  Easton,  p-o.,  Easton  t.,  Washington 
co.,  N.  Y.,  30  n.  n.  e.  Albany,  400  W. 

North  East  Pass,  or  Balize,  v.,  Plaquemine 
par.,  La.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of  the  Pass  of 
the  same  name,  and  contains  about  30  houses, 
chiefly  occupied  by  pilots. 


NOR 


481 


NOR 


Lin- 


North  Eaton,  p-o.,  Eaton  t 
121  n  n.  k.  Columbus,  379  W. 

North  Edgecomb,  p-o.,  Edgecomb 
coin  co.,  Me.,  20  s.  s.  b.  Augusta,  590  W. 

North  Egremont,  p-v..  Egreooont  t.,  Berk- 
shire co.,  Mass.,  142  \v.  Boston,  333  W. 

North  Ellsworth,  p  o.,  Ellsworth  t.,  Han- 
cock co.,  3Ie..  85  e.  by  n.  Augusta,  6i0  W. 

North  End,  p-o.,  Mathews  co.,  Va.,  93  e. 
Richmond.  178  W. 

North  Enfield,  p-o.,  Enfield  t,  Grafton  co., 
N.  H.,  47  n.  w.  Concord,  490  W. 
Northern  Liberties.    (See  Philadelphia.) 
North  Fairfax,  p  o.,  Fairfax  t.,  Franklin  co., 
Vt.,  64  n.  w.  Montpelier,  542  W. 

North  Fairfikld,  p  o.,  Fairfield  t.,  Somerset 
co.,  31c,  2S  n.  Augusta,  623  W. 

x  rth  Fairfield,  p-o.,  Huron  co.,  O.,  92  n. 
by  e.  Columbus,  395  W. 

North  Fairhaven,  p-v.,  Fairhaven  t.,  Bristol 
co.,  Mass.,  55  s.  Boston,  433  W. 

North  Falmouth,  p-v.,  Falmouth  t.,  Barnsta- 
ble co.,  3Iass.,  67  s.  s.  E.  Boston,  463  W. 

North  Ferrisburg,  p-o.,  Ferrisburg  t.,  Ad- 
dison  co.,  Vt.,  60  w.  by  s.  Montpelier,  495  W 

Northfield,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  159 
E.  n.  E.  Augusta,  741  W.  Incorporated  in  1833 
It  has  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  in.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$2,000.     2  sch.  95  scholars.     Pop.  232. 

Northfield,  p-t.,  Merrimac  co.,  N.  H.,  15  n 
by  w.  Concord,  406  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  : 
soil,  in  some  places  fertile.  Watered  by  a  branch 
of  Winnipiseogee  r.,  issuing  from  a  pond.  Incor- 
porated in  1730.  It  contains  a  Methodist  church, 
and  has  2  stores,  cap.  $5,500;  1  fulling  ra.,  1 
cotton  fac.  1,000  sp.,  3  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $55,250.  11  sch.  407  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  1,413. 

Northfield,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  92  w. 
N.  w.  Boston,  412  W.  Situated  on  both  sides  of 
Connecticut  r.,  on  the  n.  border  of  the  state.  In- 
corporated in  1673.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  par- 
ticularly on  the  r.,  where  are  extensive  and  rich 
intervales.  The  v.  is  on  an  elevated  plain,  a 
little  back  from  the  r.,  on  the  e.  side,  and  is 
handsomely  built,  chiefly  on  one  extended  street, 
parallel  wuth  the  r.,  wide  and  handsomely  shaded, 
and  contains  2  churches  and  an  academy.  There 
are  in  the  t.  3  stores,  cap.  $13,000;  1  fulling  m., 
2  tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $3,400.  1  acad.  85  students,  13  sch.  538 
scholars.     Pop.  1,673. 

Northfield,  p-v.,  Litchfield  t.  and  co.,  Ct.,  28 
w.  by  s.  Hartford,  334  W.  Situated  in  the  s.  e. 
part  of  the  t.  Incorporated  a  parish  in  1794.  The 
surface  is  rough  and  stony;  soil,  well  adapted 
to  grazing  and  some  kinds  of  grain.  It  contains 
1  Congregational  and  1  Episcopal  church. 

Northfield,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  10  s.  s. 
w.  Montpelier,  506  W.  Watered  by  Dog  r.,  which 
affords  water  power.  The  surface  is  uneven ; 
soil,  generally  fertile.  It  has  a  pleasant  v.  in  the 
centre,  and  a  manufacturing  v.  a  mile  and  a 
half  s.  of  it.  It  contains  3  stores,  cap.  $10,500 ;  16 
fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  6  grist  m., 
12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $266,110.  1  acad. 
30  students,  17  sch.  599  scholars.     Pop.  2,013. 

Northfield,  t.,  Richmond  co.,  N.  Y.,  3  n. 
Richmond,  156  s.  Albany.  The  surface  is  vari- 
ous, having  broad  marshes  on  Staten  Island 
sound,  and  the  Kills,  by  which  it  is  bounded  w. 
and  n.  It  has  1?  stores,  cap.  $24,050;  8  flouring 
m.,  4  grist  m.,  1  sawm.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $27,900. 
6  sch.  228  scholars.     Pop.  2,715. 

Northfield.  p-t.,  Summit  co.,  O.,  143  n.  e. 
Columbus,  312  W.     The  surface  is  moderately 
uneven  ;  soil,  fertile.     The  Cuyahoga  r.  and  the 
61 


Lorain  co,,  O.,  [  Ohio  canal  crosses  the  s.  w.  part  of  the  t.    A 
small  trihutary  of  the  Cuyahoga  affords  water 

1  power.     It  has  6  sch.  217  scholars.     Pop.  1,031. 
Northfield,  p-t.,  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.  43 

w.  Detroit,  536  W. 

Northfield,  p-o.,  Boone  co.,  la.,  20  n.  w.  In- 
dianapolis, 539  W. 

Northfield  Farms,  p-v.,  Northfield  t.,  Frank- 
lin co.,  Mass.,  96  w.  by  n.  Boston,  407  W. 

North  Fitchville,  p-o.,  Fitchville  t.,  Huron 
co.,  O..  101  n.  Columbus,  392  W. 

North  Flat,  p-o.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa. 

Northford,  p-v.,  North  Brantford  t.,  New 
Haven  co.,  Ct.,  23  s.  by  w.  Hartford,  312  W.  It 
has  1  Presbyterian  church,  3  button  fac,  1  comb 
fac,  and  several  dwellings. 

North  Fork,  p-o.,  Ashe  co.,  N.  C,  214  w.  bv 
n.  Raleigh,  373  W.  * 

North  Fork,  p-o.,  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  83  n.  e. 
by  e.  Frankfort,  471  W. 

North  Fork,  t.,  Izard  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $4,500 ;  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $1,935.     Pop.  313. 

North  Fork,  p-o.,  Vermilion  co.,  111.,  146  e. 
by  n.  Springfield,  673  W. 

North  Frankfort,  p-o.,  Frankfort  t.,  Waldo 
co.,  Me.,  66  n.  E.  by  e.  Augusta.  660  W. 

North  Franklin,  Franklin  t.,  Delaware  co., 
N.  Y.,  79  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  349  W. 

North  Freeman,  p-o.,  Freeman  t.,  Franklin 
co.,  Me. 

North  Fryburgh,  p-o.,  Fryburgh  t.,  Oxford 
co.,  Me.,  71  w.  s.  w.  Augusta,  578  W. 

North  Gage,  p-o.,  Deerfield  t.,  Oneida  co., 
N.  Y.,  92  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  412  W. 

North  Galway,  p-o.,  Galway  t.,  Saratoga  co., 
N.  Y.,  39  n.  by  w.  Albany,  407  W. 

North  Garden,  p-o.,  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  89 
w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  139  W. 

North  Georgetown,  p-v.,  Knox  t.,  Colum- 
biana co.,  O.,  146  n.  e.  by  e.  Columbus,  298  W. 
It  contains  3  stores,  about  40  dwellings,  and  250 
inhabitants. 

North  Goshen,  p-v.,  Goshen  t.,  Litchfield  co., 
Ct.,  34  w.  by  n.  Hartford,  336  W.  Situated  on  a 
small  branch  of  Naugatuck  r.  It  has  1  Congre- 
gational church  and  several  dwellings. 

North  Granby,  p-v.,  Granby  t.,  Hartford  co., 
Ct.,  20  n.  w.  Hartford,  356  W.  It  has  1  Congre- 
gational church  and  a  few  dwellings. 

North  Granville,  p-v.,  Granville  t.,  Wash- 
ington co.,  N.  Y.,  66  n.  n.  e.  Albany,  436  W. 

North  Greenwich,  p-o.,  Greenwich  t,  Wash- 
ington co.,  N.  Y.,  40  n.  n.  e.  Albany,  410  W. 

North  Guilford,  p-v.,  Guilford  t.,  New  Ha- 
ven co.,  Ct.,  23  s.  Hartford,  320  W.    It  contains 

2  churches  and  several  neat  dwellings. 
North  Hadley,  p-v.,  Hadley  t.,  Hampshire 

co.,  Mass.,  94  w.  Boston,  387  W. 

North  Hamden,  p-b.,  Hamden  t.,  Delaware 
co.,  N.  Y. 

North  Hampton,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N. 
II.,  50  s.  e.  Concord,  437  W  It  has  the  Atlantic 
ocean  on  its  e.  border.  The  railroad  from  Boston 
to  Portsmouth  passes  through  it.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $2,000  ;  3  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  3 
sch.  180  scholars.     Pop.  835. 

North  Hampton,  p-o.,  Clarke  co.,  O.,  52  w 
Columbus,  445  W. 

North  Hampton,  p-o.,  Peoria  co.,  111.,  90  n. 
Springfield,  804  VV. 

North  Harpersfield,  p-o..  Harpersfield  t., 
Delaware  co.,  N.  Y.,  61  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  370  W. 

North  Hartford,  p-o.,  Hartford  t.,  Oxford 
co.,  Me.,  32  w.  Augusta,  589  W. 

North  Hartland,  p-o.,  Hartland  t.,  Windsor 
co.,  Vt.,  57  s.  by  e.  Montpelier,  482  W. 


NOR 


482 


NOR 


North  Haven,  p-t,  New  Haven  co.,  Ct.,  30 
s.  s.  w.  Hartford,  306  W.  The  soil,  excepting 
the  river  bottom  land,  is  light  Aid  warm.  The 
intervale  is  very  fertile.  Watered  by  Quinnipi- 
ac  r.,  on  which  is  a  very  extensive  salt  marsh, 
which  produces  a  great  amount  of  salt  hay. 
Where  the  meadows  are  protected  from  the  salt 
water  by  dykes,  the  hay  is  better.  It  contains  a 
Congregational  and  an  Episcopal  church.  It  has 
3  stores,  cap.  $4,000  ;  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $19,000.  8  sch.  302  scholars.  Pop. 
1,349. 

North  Haverhill,  p-v.,  Haverhill  t.,  Grafton 
co.,  N.  H.,  74  Concord,  519  W. 

North  Hebron,  p-o.,  Hebron  t.,  Washington 
co.,  N.  Y.,  60  n.  n.  E.  Albany,  430  W. 

North  Hector,  p-o.,  Hector  t.,  Tompkins  co., 
N.  Y.,  184  w.  by  s.  Albany,  314  W. 

North  Hempstead,  p-t.,  and  capital  of 
Queens  co.,  N.  Y.,  168  s.  Albany,  20  e.  New 
York,  248  W.  The  surface  is  uneven,  being 
crossed  by  the  ridge  whioh  runs  E.  and  w.  through 
Long  Island.  Harbor  Hill,  the  highest  point,  is 
319  feet  above  the  ocean.  The  soil  is  sand  and 
loam,  generally  fertile  and  well  cultivated.  Long 
Island  sound  bounds  it  on  the  N.,  from  which  sev- 
eral bays  penetrate  into  the  t.  Success  pond,  a 
handsome  sheet  of  water,  lies  on  its  w.  border, 
and  is  well  stored  with  fish.  The  v.  is  situated 
on  the  n.  side  of  Hempstead  Plains,  and  half  a 
mile  n.  of  the  Long  Island  railroad,  and  contains 
a  court  house,  jail,  and  a  few  dwellings.  There 
are  in  the  t.  10  stores,  cap.  $25,100 ;  2  lumber 
yards,  cap.  $8,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac, 
1  tannery,  1  glass  house,  1  paper  fac,  2  flouring 
m.,  4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$48,600.  1  acad.  25  students,  9  sch.  353  scholars. 
Pop.  3,891. 

North  Hero,  p-t.,  and  capital  of  Grand  Isle 
co.,  Vt.,  71  n.  w.  Montpelier,  544  W.  It  com- 
prises a  considerable  island  in  Lake  Champlain, 
containing  6,272  acres,  separated  from  South  He- 
ro, the  larger  island,  by  a  narrow  strait.  The 
surface  is  very  slightly  uneven  ;  soil,  very  fertile, 
and  adapted  to  grain.  There  is  no  mill  stream 
on  the  island.  The  v.  contains  a  stone  court 
house  and  jail,  and  a  number  of  dwellings.  First 
settled  in  1783.  There  are  in  the  t.  1  store,  cap. 
$1,000  ;  1  tannery.     Pop.  716. 

North  Hollis,  p-o.,  Hollis  t.,  York  co.,  Me., 
67  s.  w.  Augusta,  533  W. 

North  Huntingdon,  t.,  Westmoreland  co., 
Pa.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $15,500  ;  2  tanneries,  2 
distilleries,  4  flouring  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $22,015.    4  sch.  203  scholars.     Pop.  1,873. 

North  Hyde  Park,  p-o.,  Hyde  Park  t.,  La- 
moille co.,  Vt.,  41  n.  Montpelier,  555  W. 

North  Industry,  p-v.,  Canton  t.,  Stark  co., 
O.,  128  n.  e.  Columbus,  317  W.  It  contains  1 
store,  1  saw  m.,  and  1  flouring  m.,  capable  of  pro- 
ducing from  80  to  100  barrels  of  flour  a  day,  18  or 

20  dwellings,  and  about  100  inhabitants. 
Northington,  p-v.,  Cumberland  co.,  N.  C, 

51  s.  by  w.  Raleigh,  339  W. 

North  Jackson,  p-o.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  160 
N.E.Columbus,  311  W 

North  Kennebunkport,  p-o.,  Kennebunk- 
port  t.,  York  co.,  Me.,  69  s.  w.  Augusta,  528  W. 

North  Kent,  p-o.,  Kent  t.,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct., 
46  w.  Hartford,  329  W. 

North  Killingly,  p-v.,  Killingly  t.,  Wind- 
ham co.,  Ct.,  51  e.  by  n.  Hartford,  3^2  W.  Sit- 
uated on  the  e.  side  of  Quinnebaug  r.,  and  con- 
tains a  Congregational  church. 

North  Kingston,  t.,  Washington  co.,  R.  I., 

21  s.  Providence.     Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Narraganset  bay.    The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil, 


gravelly  loam,  adapted  to  grazing,  grain,  and 
vegetables.  Several  small  streams  afford  water 
power.  The  v.  of  Wickford,  on  a  branch  of  Nar- 
raganset bay,  has  a  good  harbor,  contains  a  Baptist 
and  an  Episcopal  church,  and  has  considerable 
navigation,  employed  in  the  coasting  trade  and 
the  fisheries.  There  are  in  the  t.  24  stores,  cap. 
$43,700 ;  3  lumber  yards,  cap.  $7,500 ;  4  woollen 
fac,  5  cotton  fac.  5,756  sp.,  4  grist  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $71,650.  1  acad.  79  students,  14  sch. 
624  scholars.     Pop.  2,909. 

North  Kortright,  p-o.,  Kortright  t.,  Dela- 
ware co.,  N.  Y.,  66  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  365  W. 

North  Lake,  p-o.,  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  60 
w.  Detroit,  546  W. 

North  Lansing,  p-o.,  Lansing  t.,  Tompkins 
co.,  N.  Y.,  175  w.  by  s.  Albany,  308  W. 

North  Leeds,  p-o.,  Leeds  t,  Kennebec  co., 
Me.,  19  w.  s.  w.  Augusta,  598  W. 

North  Leverett,  p-v.,  Leverett  t.,  Franklin 
co.,  Mass.,  82  w.  n.  w.  Boston,  399  W.  It  has  1 
Congregational  church  and  some  manufactures. 

North  Liberty,  p-o.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  224  w. 
N.  w.  Harrisburg,  266  W. 

North  Lima,  p-v.,  Beaver  t.,  Columbiana  co., 
O.,  172  e.  n.  e.  Columbus,  284  W. 

North  Lincoln,  p-o.,  Lincoln  t,  Penobscot 
co.,  Me.,  122  n.  E.  Augusta,  717  W. 

North  Livermore,  p-o.,  Livermore  t.,  Oxford 
co.,  Me.,  26  w.  by  N.  Augusta,  602  W. 

North  Londonderry,  p-o.,  Londonderry  t., 
Rockingham  county,  N.  H.,  28  s.  s.  e.  Concord, 
460  W. 

North  Lyman,  p-o.,  Lyman  t.,  Grafton  co., 
N.  H.,  102  n.  n.  w.  Concord,  533  W. 

North  Lyme,  p-v.,  Lyme  t.,  New  London  co., 
Ct.,  37  s.  s.  e.  Hartford,  340  W.  It  has  a  Baptist 
church. 

North  Madison,  p-v.,  Madison  t.,  New  Ha- 
ven co.,  Ct.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Ham- 
monasset  river,  and  contains  a  Congregational 
church. 

North  Manchester,  p-v.,  Wabash  co.,  la., 
109  n.  by  e.  Indianapolis,  589  W. 

North  Marlow,  p-o.,  Marlow  t,  Cheshire  co., 
N.  H.,  50  w.  by  s.  Concord,  454  W. 

North  Marshall,  p-o.,  Marshall  t.,  Calhoun 
co.,  Mich.,  109  w.  Detroit,  574  W. 

North  Marshfield,  p-v.,  Marshfield  t.,  Ply- 
mouth co.,  Mass.,  26  s.  E.  Boston,  450  W.  Situ- 
ated on  the  s.  side  of  North  r.,  and  contains  3 
churches — 1  Baptist,  1  Congregational,  and  1 
Episcopal. 

North  Mendon,  Mendon  t.,  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y., 
218  w.  by  N.  Albany,  365  W. 

North  Middleborough,p-v.,  Middleborough 
t.,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  35  s.  Boston,  428  W. 

North  Middlesex,  p-o.,  Middlesex  t.,  Yates 
co.,  N.  Y.,  210  w.  Albany,  331  W. 

North  Middleton,  t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa. 
The  surface  is  partly  hilly,  partly  level :  soil, 
calcareous  loam  and  slate.  Watered  by  Conadog- 
winit  cr.  and  its  branches.  The  Blue  moun- 
tains bound  it  n.,  through  which  are  Sterret's 
and  Long's  gaps.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $800 ;  1 
fulling  m.,  3  distilleries,  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m., 
5  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,145.     Pop.  1,999. 

North  Middletown,  p-v.,  Bourbon  co.,  Ky., 
49  e.  Frankfort,  517  W. 

North  Montpelier,  p-o.,  Montpelier  t., 
Washington  co.,  Vt.,  8  n.  Montpelier,  524  W. 

North  Moreland,  p-t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  146 
n.  e.  Harrisburg,  251  W.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$8,000  ;  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $6,000.    6  sch.  244  scholars.     Pop.  887. 

North  Mount  Pleasant,  p-o.,  Marshall  co., 
Miss.,  208  n.  by  e.  Jackson,  908  W. 


NOR 


483 


NOR 


North  Newburg,  p-o,  Newburg  t.,  Penob- 
scot co.,  Me.,  52  n.  E.  Augusta,  647  W. 

North  Newburg,  p-o.,  Newburg  t.,  Geauga 
Co.,  O.,  163  n\  k.  Columbus,  337  W. 

North  Newport,  p-o.,  Newport  t.,  Penobscot 
co.,  Me.,  67  n.  n.  e.  Augusta,  6b2  W. 

North  New  Portland,  p-o.,  New  Portland 
t,  Somerset  co.,  3Ie,  56  n.  n.  w.  Augusta,  650  W. 
North   New  Salem,  p-o.,   New    Salem  t., 
Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  78  Boston,  408  W. 

North  Norway,  p-o.,  Norway  t.,  Oxford  co., 
Me.,  50  w.  by  s.  Augusta,  594  W. 

North  Norwich,  p-o.,  Norwich  t.,  Chenango 
co.,  N.  Y,  108  w.  Albany,  342  W. 

North  Norwich,  p-o.,  Norwich  t,  Huron  co., 
O,  90  n.  Columbus,  404  W. 

North  Orwell,  p-o.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  147 
N.  n.  E.  Harrisburg. 

North  Oxford,  p-v.,  Oxford  t.,  Worcester  co., 
Mass.,  51  w.  by  s.  Boston,  391  W. 

North  Palermo,  p-o.,  Palermo  t.,  Waldo  co., 
Me.,  23  e.  n.  e.  Augusta,  618  W. 

North  Paris,  p-o.,  Paris  t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me., 
45  w.  by  s.  Augusta,  599  W. 

North  Parsonsfield,  p-o.,  Parsonsfield  t., 
York  co.,  Me.,  85  w.  s.  w.  Augusta,  540  W. 

North  Penobscot,  p-o.,  Penobscot,  t.,  Han- 
cock co.,  Me.,  66  e.  by  n.  Augusta,  662  W. 

North  Perry,  po.,  Perry  t.,  Lake  co.,  O., 
182  n.  e.  Columbus,  356  W. 

North  Perryburg,  p-o.,  Perryburg  t.,  Cat- 
taraugus co.,  N.  Y.,  302  w.  by  s.  Albany,  353  W. 
North  Plympton,d-o.,  Plymplon  t.,  Plymouth 
co.,  Mass.,  38  s.  s.  e.  Boston,  439  W. 

Northport,  p-t.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  50  e.  Au- 
gusta, 643  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Pe- 
nobscot r.  and  Belfast  bay.  It  contains  several 
ponds.  The  soil  is  fertile.  It  has  facilities  for 
navigation,  carries  on  ship  building,  and  has  con- 
siderable navigation  employed  in  the  coasting 
trade.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $4,525 ;  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  inmanufac.  $125.    8  sch.    Pop.  1,207. 

Northport,  p-v.,  Huntington  t.,  Suffolk  co., 
N.  Y.,  195  s.  s.  e.  Albany,  275  W.  It  contains 
1  church,  1  grist  m.,  and  about  20  dwellings. 

Northport,  p-v.,  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala.  Situ- 
ated on  the  n.  w.  side  of  Black  Warrior  r.,  and  1 
ft.  w.  Tuscaloosa,  819  W. 

North  Pownall,  p-o.,  Pownall  t.,  Cumber- 
land co.,  Me.,  45  s.  w.  Augusta,  566  W. 

North  Prospect,  p-o.,  Prospect  t.,  Waldo  co., 
Me.,  56  e.  n.  e.  Augusta,  650  W. 

North  Providence,  t.,  Providence  co.,  R.  I. 
The  surface  is  moderately  uneven ;  soil,  gravelly, 
sandy,  and  calcareous  loam,  productive  in  grass, 
some  kinds  of  grain,  vegetables  and  fruits.  See- 
konk  r.  runs  on  its  e.  border,  and  Wanasquatucket 
r.  on  its  w.  border.  Watered  also  by  Masha- 
suck  r.  All  these  streams  afford  water  power. 
The  v.  of  Pawtucket,  on  Seekonk  r.,  is  a  large 
manufacturing  place,  and  is  partly  in  Massa- 
chusetts, being  on  the  line  between  the  2  states. 
It  is  one  of  the  most  considerable  manufacturing 
villages  in  the  country.  The  t.  was  incorporated 
in  1767,  and  contains  30  stores,  cap.  $65,700 ;  1 
lumber  yard,  cap.  $15,000  ;  2  furnaces,  2  fulling 
m.,  20  cotton  fac.  30,000  sp.,  2  tanneries,  2  print- 
ing offices,  1  bindery,  1  weekly  newspaper,  5 
gnst  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $319,500. 
2  acad.  80  students,  8  sch.  265  scholars.  Pop 
4,207. 

North  Raisinville,  p-o.,  Raisinville  t.,  Mon- 
roe co.,  Mich.,  47  s.  w.  Detroit,  496  W. 

North  Raymond,  p-o.,  Raymond  t.,  Cumber- 
land co.,  Me.,  66  s.  w.  Augusta,  569  W. 

North  Reading,  p-v.,  Reading  t.,  Middlesex 
co.,  Mass.,  15  n.  Boston,  455  W.    Situated  on  n. 


side  of  Ipswich  r.,  and  contains  2  churches — 1 
Baptist,  1  Congregational. 

North  Reading,  p-o.,  Reading  t.,  Steuben 
co.,  N.  Y.,  195  w.  by  s.  Albany,  314  W. 

North  Ridgeville,  p-o.,  Ridgeville  t,  Lo- 
rain co.,  O.,  120  n.  n.  k.  Columbus,  378  W. 

North  Ridgeway,  p-o.,  Ridgeway  t.,  Orleans 
co.,  N.  Y. 
North  River,  N.  Y.  (See  Hudson  r.) 
North  River,  Mass.,  flows  in  Plymouth  co., 
and  is  navigable  for  vessels  of  300  tons,  18  ms. 
to  Pembroke.  It  enters  Massachusetts  bay 
through  an  estuary  between  Marshfield  and 
Scituate. 

North  River  Meeting  House,  p-o.,  Hamp- 
shire co.,  Va.,  183  n.  n.  w.  Richmond,  111  W. 

North  River  Mills,  p-o.,  Hampshire  co., 
Va.,  172  n.  n.  w.  Richmond,  100  W. 

North  Rochester,  p-v.,  Rochester  t.,  Ply- 
mouth co.,  Mass.,  48  s.  s.  e.  Boston,  435  W. 

North  Rochester,  p-o.,  Lorain  co.,  O.,  101 
N.  N.  E.  Columbus,  396  W. 

North  Royalton,  p-o.,  Royalton  t.,  Cuyaho- 
ga co.,  O.,  136  Columbus,  366  W. 

North  Salem,  p-o.,  Salem  t.,  Rockingham  co., 
N.  H.,  45  s.  s.  e.  Concord,  462  W. 

North  Salem,  p-t.,  Westchester  co.,  N.  Y., 
24  n.  White  Plains,  113  s.  Albany,  281  W.  The 
surface  is  moderately  uneven  ;  soil,  gravelly  and 
clay  loam.  Drained  by  Titicus  cr.,  a  branch  of 
Croton  r.,  which  bounds  it  on  the  w.  The  v. 
contains  3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episco- 
pal, and  1  Universalist — 3  stores,  1  paper  m.,  1 
grist  m.,  1  clothier's  works,  35  dwellings,  and 
about  200  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  1 
acad.  48  students,  5  sch.  87  scholars.  Pop.  1,161. 
North  Salem,  p-v.,  Hendricks  co.,  la.,  30  w. 
Indianapolis,  601  W. 

North  Sandwich,  p-v.,  Sandwich  t.,  Car- 
roll co.,  N.  H.,  56  n.  Concord,  537  W. 

North  Sandwich,  p-v.,  Sandwich  t,  Barn- 
stable co.,  Mass.,  60  s.  Boston,  453  W.    It  con- 
tains a  Methodist  church,  and  several  dwellings. 
North  Scituate,  p-v.,  Scituate  t.,  Plymouth 
co.,  Mass.,  25  s.  e.  Boston,  456  W. 

North  Scituate,  p-v.,  Scituate  t.,  Providence 
co.,  R.  I.,  10  w.  Providence,  392  W. 

North  Searsmont,  p-v.,  Searsmontt.,  Waldo 
co.,  Me.,  39  e.  Augusta,  625  W. 

North  Sewickly,  p-t.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  233 
w.  by  n.  Harrisburg,  263  W.  The  surface  is  roll- 
ing ;  soil,  calcareous  loam.  Drained  by  Slippery 
Rock  and  Conequenessing  creeks,  which  unite 
in  this  t.,  and  flow  into  Beaver  river.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $7,000  ;  2  tanneries,  8  grist  m.,  7  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,900.  9  sch.  354  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  2,992. 

North  Sheldon,  p-o.,  Sheldon  t.,  Wyoming 
co,  N.  Y.,  267  w.  Albany,  365  W. 

North  Shore,  p-o,  Castleton  t,  Richmond 
co,  N.  Y,  153  s.  by  w.  Albany,  231  W.  Situ- 
ated in  the  v.  of  Factoryville,  which  see. 

North  Smithfield,  p-v,  Bradford  co.  Pa, 
153  n.  Harrisburg,  263  W. 

North  Somers,  p-o..  Somers  t,  Tolland  co, 
Ct,  25  n.  e.  Hartford,  361  W. 

North  Sparta,  p-o,  Sparta  t,  Livingston  co, 
N.  Y,  238  w.  Albany,  339  W. 

North  Spencer,  p-v,  Spencer  t,  Worcester 
co.  Mass,  53  w.  Boston,  408  W.  It  has  a  Bap- 
tist church. 

North    Springfield,    p-o,    Springfield   t, 
Windsor  co,  Vt,  74  s.  by  e.  Montpelier,  462  W. 
North    Springfield,   p-o,    Springfield    t. 
Summit  co,  O,  130  n.  e.  Columbus,  324  W. 

North  Stamford,  p-v,  Stamford  t,  Fairfield 
co,  Ct,  78  s.  w.  Hartford,  269  W.    Situated  on 


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484 


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the  w.  side  oFMill  r.,  and  contains  a  Congrega- 
tional church. 

North  Stephentown,  p-o.,  Stephentown  t., 
Rensselaer  co.,  N.  Y.,  35  s.  E.  Albany,  3S0  W. 

North  Sterling,  p-o.,  Sterling  t.,  Cayuga 
co.,  N.  Y.,  174  w.  N.  w.  Albany,  367  W. 

North  Stonington,  p-t.,  New  London  co., 
Ct.,  53  N.  E.  Hartford,  368  W.  The  surface  is 
uneven ;  soil,  gravelly  loam,  and  adapted  to 
grazing.  Watered  by  Pawcatuck  r.  and  its 
branches,  which  afford  water  power.  The  v. 
called  Milltown,on  a  branch  of  Pawcatuck  river, 
contains  2  churches — 1  Congregational  and  ] 
Baptist — 5  stores,  and  about  30  dwellings.  There 
are  2  other  Baptist  churches  in  the  t.  There  are 
in  the  t.  5  stores,  cap.  $8,500  ;  2  tanneries,  2  grist 
m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,710.  1  acad. 
15  students,  13  sch.  541  scholars.     Pop.  2,269. 

North  Strabane,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Pa. 
The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  loam.  Drained  by 
Chartier's  cr.  and  Little  Chartier's  cr.,  which 
unite  on  the  n.  boundary.  It  has  1  tannery,  2 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,700.  6 
sch.  300  scholars.     Pop.  1,207. 

North  Sudbury,  p-v.,  Sudbury  t.,  Middlesex 
co.,  Mass.,  20  w.  by  n.  Boston,  439  W. 

North  Sunderland,  p-v.,  Sunderland  t., 
Franklin  co;,  Mass.,  87  w.  Boston,  393  W. 

North  Swansea,  p-v.,  Swansea  t.,  Bristol 
co.,  Mass.,  51  s.  by  w.  Boston,  409  W. 

North  Troy,  p-o.,  Troy  t.,  Orleans  co.,  Vt., 
CO  n.  Montpelier,  576  W. 

North  Truro,  p-v.,  Truro  t.,  Barnstable  co., 
Mass.,  116  s.  e.  Boston,  517  W. 

North  Turner,  p-o.,  Turner  t.,  Oxford  co., 
Me.,  25  w.  s.  w.  Augusta,  591  W. 

North  Turner  Bridge,  p-o.,  Turner  t.,  Ox- 
ford co.,  Me.,  21  w.  s.  w.  Augusta,  595  W. 

Northumberland,  county,  Pa.  Situated  near 
the  centre  of  the  state,  on  the  e.  side  of  Susque- 
hanna r.,  and  contains  440  sq.  ms.  The  surface 
is  mountainous  and  rocky,  excepting  along  the 
r.,  where  the  soil  is  fertile.  Watered  by  Susque- 
hanna r.,  and  its  main  and  some  minor  branches. 
Capital,  Sunbury.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
11,623,  sheep  17,409,  swine  18,865;  wheat 
227,227  bush,  produced,  rye  141,016,  Ind.  corn 
165,799,  buckwheat  54,542,  barley  558,  oats 
160,190,  potatoes  115,985,  tobacco  27,305  pounds  ; 
55. stores,  cap.  $199,800;  17  tanneries,  14  dis- 
tilleries, 1  brewery,  6  potteries,  3  printing  offices, 
1  weekly  newspaper,  29  grist  m.,  28  saw  m.,  1  oil 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $223,660.  61  sch.  2,854 
scholars.     Pop.  20,027. 

Northumberland,  county,  Va.  Situated  in 
the  e.  part  of  the  state,  on  Chesapeake  bay, 
which  bounds  it  on  the  e.  It  contains  240  sq.  ms. 
It  has  the  mouth  of  the  Potomac  r.  on  the  n.  e. 
Drained  by  small  streams  which  enter  the  Po- 
tomac, and  Wicomico  r.,  which  flows  into  the 
Chesapeake.  Capital,  Heathsville.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,300,  sheep  4,057,  swine 
12,035 ;  wheat  28,033  bushels  produced,  Indian 
corn  178,972,  oats  54,594,  potatoes  20,336,  cotton 
11,808  pounds,  sugar  45,120;  17  stores,  cap. 
$56,150 ;  3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  23  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,250.  4  acad.  106 
students,  8  sch.  180  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,034, 
slaves  3,243,  free  col'd  647  ;  total,  7,924. 

Northumbeuland,  p-t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H.,  107 
N.  Concord,  568  W.  Connecticut  r.  bounds  it  on 
the  w.,  along  which  is  extensive  bottom  land, 
very  fertile.  An  abrupt  mountain,  1,000  feet  in 
height,  lies  in  the  w.  part  of  the  t.  Watered  by 
Upper  Ammonoosuck  r.  and  its  branches.  Be- 
low the  entrance  of  this  r.  are  falls  in  Connecti- 
cut r.,  where  is  a  bridge,  which  leads  to  Guild- 


hall, Vt.,  and  a  dam,  which  affords  great  water 
power.  At  this  place  is  a  considerable  village. 
The  t.  was  incorporated  in  1779.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $3,500  ;  1  tannery,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $6,400.     5  sch.  122  ^scholars.     Pop.  399. 

.Northumberland,  p-t.,  Saratoga  co.,  N.  Y.,  15 
E.  Ballston  Spa.,  38  n.  Albany,  408  W.  The 
surface  is  generally  level  ;  soil,  sandy  loam. 
Watered  by  Hudson  r.,  which  flows  on  its  e. 
border.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $10,000;  2  fulling 
m.,  1  woollen  fee,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $36,600.  6  sch.  198  scholars.  Pop. 
1,672. 

Northumberland,  p-b.,  Northumberland  co., 
Pa.,  59  n.  Harrisburg,  169  W.  Situated  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  E.  and  w.  branches  of  Susquehan- 
na r.  A  bridge  across  the  e.  branch  connects  it 
with  Sunbury.  The  Shamoken  dam  across  the 
river  here  is  9*  feet  high  above  the  bottom  of  the 
r.,  and  2,783  feet  long,  with  a  chute  64  feet  wide, 
and  650  feet  long.  The  b.  contains  3  churches — 
1  Presbyterian,  1  Methodist,  and  1  German  Re- 
formed— an  academy,  a  market  house,  town  house 
of  brick,  a  bank;  6  stores,  cap.  $16,100.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $5,150.  3  sch.  190  scholars.  Pop. 
928.  Incorporated  in  1823.  The  Susquehanna 
and  North  and  West  Branch  canals  meet  here. 
It  has  an  extensive  trade. 

North  Vassalborough,  p-o.,  Vassalborough 
t.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  18  n.  by  e.  Augusta,  613 
W. 

Northville,  p-v.,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass. 

Northville,  p-v.,  New  Milford  t.,  Litchfield, 
co.,  Ct.,  47  w.  by  s.  Hartford,  312  W. 

Northville,  p-o.,  Northampton  t.,  Fulton  co., 
N.  Y.,  55  n.  w.  Albany,  424  W. 

Northville,  p-v.,  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  285  n.  w.  by 
w.  Harrisburg,  358  W. 

Northville,  p-v.,  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  28  w. 
N.  w.  Detroit,  534  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side 
of  the  w.  branch  of  Rouge  r.,  at  the  junction  of 
the  outlet  of  Walled  lake.  It  contains  3  church- 
es— 1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist — 
4  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  furnace,  1 
cloth-dressing  works,  and  about  250  inhabitants, 
and  has  an  extensive  water  power. 

Northville,  p-v ,  La  Salle  co.,  111.,  152  n.  n. 
e.  Springfield,  781  W. 

North  Wakefield,  p-o.,  Wakefield  t.,  Straf- 
ford co.,  N.  H.,  50  n.  e.  Concord. 

North  Wardsborough,  p-o.,  Wardsborough 
t.,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  1 17  s.  Montpelier,  444  W. 

North  Washington,  p-v.,  Washington  t., 
Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  18(J  w.  Harrisburg,  214 
W.  It  contains  1  store  and  about  12  or  15  dwell- 
ings. 

Northwest  Bridgewater,  p-o.,  Plymouth 
co.,  Mass.,  19  s.  Boston,  432  W. 

Northwest  River  Bridge,  p-o.,  Norfolk  co., 
Va.,  130  s.  E.  Richmond,  255  W.  Situated  on  a 
small  stream  flowing  into  Currituck  sound. 

North  Wethersfield,  p-o.,  Wethersfield  t., 
Wyoming  co.,  N.  Y.,  256  w.  Albany,  371  W. 

Northwest  Fork,  hundred,  Sussex  co.,  Del. 
It  has  17  stores,  cap.  $38,100;  1  tannery,  4  grist 
m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $20,330.  1  acad. 
25  students,  5  sch.  231  scholars.     Pop.  3,187. 

North  Weymouth,  p-v.,  Weymouth  t.,  Nor- 
folk co.,  Mass.,  12  s.  s.  e.  Boston,  452  W. 

North  White  Creek,  p-v.,  White  Creek  t., 
Washington  co.,  N.  Y.,  36  n.  e.  Albany,  406  W. 
It  contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist 
church,  5  stores,  1  carriage  fee,  70  dwellings,  and 
about  500  inhabitants. 

North  Whitefield,  p-o.,  Whitefield  t.,  Lin- 
coln co.,  Me.,  16  s.  e.  Augusta,  604  W. 

North  Whitehall,  p-t.,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa ,  95 


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485 


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k.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  188  W.  The  surface  is  level ; 
soil,  a  fertile  calcareous  loam,  well  cultivated. 
Drained  by  Coply  and  Jordan  creeks,  and  Bmall 
tributaries  of  Lehigh  r.  It  contains  2  ehurcheB, 
and  has  8  stores,  cap.  $90,200;  5  tanneries,  13 
distilleries,  7  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $13,200.     7  sch.  260  scholars.     Pop.  2,321. 

North  Wilna,  p-o.,  Wilna  t.,  Jefferson  co., 
N.  V. 

North  Wilton,  p-o.,  Wilton  t.,  Franklin  co., 
Me.,  38  w.  \.  w.  Augusta,  616  W. 

North  Windham,  p-o.,  Windham  t.,  Cumber- 
land co.,  Me.,  53  s.  w.  Augusta,  536  W. 

North  Windham,  p-v.,  Windham  t.,  Windham 
co.,  Ct.,  35  E.  by  s.  Hartford,  363  W.  It  contains 
1  Baptist  church,  2  cotton  fac,  and  several  dwell- 
ings. 

North  Wolfborough,  p-o.,  Wolfborough  t., 
Carroll  co.,  N.  H.,  42  n.  e.  Concord,  523  W. 

North  Woodstock,  p-v.,  Woodstock  t.,Wind- 
ham  co.,  Ct.,  42  e.  n.  e.  Hartford,  378  W.  Situ- 
ated on  a  small  branch  of  Quinnebaug  r.,  and  con- 
tains 2  Congregational  churches  and  several  neat 
dwellings. 

North  wood,  t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.,  20  e. 
Concord.  It  has  6  ponds,  some  of  which  give 
rise  to  Isinglass  and  Suncook  rivers.  Lamprey 
r.  also  rises  in  this  t.  The  surface  is  elevated  ; 
soil,  adapted  to  grazing.  First  settled  in  1763. 
It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $6,500 ;  2  saw  m.,  8  sch.  435 
scholars.     Pop.  1,172. 

North  Wrentham.  p-o.,  Wrentham  t.,  Nor- 
folk co.,  Mass.,  28  s.  by  w.  Boston,  425  W. 

North  Yarmouth,  p-t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me., 
10  n.  Portland,  40  s.  w.  Augusta,  555  W.  A 
small  r.  flows  across  it,  which  affords  water  pow- 
er. Casco  bay  bounds  it  on  the  s.  E.,  affording 
facilities  for  navigation.  It  has  considerable  ship- 
ping engaged  in  the  coasting  trade  and  the  fish- 
eries. It  contains  4  churches — 3  Congregational 
and  1  Baptist — and  an  academy.  It  has  15  stores, 
cap.  $12,000;  2  fulling  m.,  5  tanneries,  3  potter- 
ies. 3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
§1,800.  1  acad.  265  students,  18  sch.  1,100  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  2,824. 

North  Yarmouth  Centre,  p-o.,  North  Yar- 
mouth t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  48  s.  w.  Augusta, 
557  W. 

Norton,  p-t.,  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  33  s.  Boston, 
423  W.  Incorporated  in  1711,  having  previously 
belonged  to  Taunton.  The  soil  is  fertile.  It  is 
watered  by  Rumford,  Cocasset,  and  Canoe  rivers, 
branches  of  Taunton  r.,  which  afford  good  water 
power.  It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $7,450 ;  1  furnace,  4 
cotton  fac.  1,964  sp.,  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  9  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $287,502.  1  acad.  100  stu- 
dents, 11  sch.  377  scholars.     Pop.  1,545. 

Norton,  p-v.,  Marlborough  t.,  Delaware  co., 
O.,  34  s.  Columbus,  418  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Olentangy  or  Whetstone  r.  It  contains  1 
church,  3  stores,  several  mechanics,  and  6  or  8 
dwellings. 

Norton,  t.,  Summit  co.,  O.  Drained  by  Hud- 
son's run  and  Wolf  cr.,  which  afford  water  power, 
tributaries  of  the  Tuscarawas  r.,  which  crosses 
its  s.  E.  corner.  The  Ohio  canal  crosses  it,  along 
the  Tuscarawas  r.  It  has  7  sch.  263  scholars. 
Pop.  1,47J. 

Norton,  t.,  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1  saw 
in.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,000.    Pop.  98. 

Noitonsville,  p-o.,  Albemarle  Co.,  Va.,  105 
w.  N.  w.  Richmond,  124  W. 

Nor-,  ell,  p-o.,  Jackson  Co.,  Mich. 

Nor  walk,  r.,  Ct.,  a  small  r.,  which  enters 
Long  Island  sound,  at  Nor  walk. 

Norwalk,  p-t.,  Fairfield  co.,  Ct.,  68  s.  w.  Hart- 
ford, 269  W     Long  Island  sound  bounds  it  on 


the  s.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil,  very  fertile 
The  v.  is  situated  on  both  sides  of  Norwalk  r., 
over  which  is  a  bridge.  Vessels  drawing  6  feet 
of  water  come  up  to  the  bridge.  It  was  chartered 
as  a  borough  in  1836,  and  contains  2  churches — 

1  Congregational  and  1  Episcopal — a  bank,  26 
stores,  2  printing  offices,  each  issuing  a  weekly 
newspaper,  and  over  100  dwellings.  The  v.  of 
South  Norwalk  is  li  mile  s.  of  the  borough,  on 
the  w.  side  of  the  cr.  It  constitutes  the  landing 
place  of  the  steamboats  which  ply  to  New  York, 
and  has  considerable  manufactures,  particularly 
of  hats.  Carpets  are  made  in  this  t.,  without 
spinning  or  weaving,  consisting  of  felling,  and  is 
a  neat  and  durable  article.  rl  he  t.  was  burned 
by  the  British,  under  Gov.  Tryon,  on  July  17th, 
1779.    There  are  in  the  t.  24  stores,  cap.  $73,800 ; 

2  tanneries,  2  potteries,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper,  3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $85,050.  2  acad.  67  students,  9  schools  927 
scholars.    Pop.  3,863. 

Norwalk,  p-t.,  capital  of  Huron  co.,  O.,  99  N. 
by  e.  Columbus,  392  W.  The  soil  is  very  fer- 
tile. The  v.  has  an  elevated  situation,  and  con- 
tains 4  churches — 1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist,  1 
Baptist,  1  Presbyterian — a  Methodist  seminary, 
or  high  school,  an  insurance  company,  a  public 
library  and  reading  room,  a  steam  paper  m.  and 
grist  m.,  2  printing  offices,  issuing  each  a  weekly 
newspaper,  about  200  dwellings,  and  about  1,800 
inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  1  tannery,  1  dis- 
tillery, 3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,100.  12 
sch.  469  scholars.    Pop.  2,613. 

Norway,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  44  w.  by  s. 
Augusta,  588  W.  It  contains  a  large  pond,  which 
discharges  its  waters  into  Little  Androscoggin  r. 
The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain.  Incorporated 
in  1797.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $2,900 ;  2  fulling 
m.,  2  tanneries,  1  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  4  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,750.  1  academy,  682 
scholars  in  schools.     Pop.  1,786. 

Norway,  p-t.,  Herkimer  co.,  N.  Y.,  86  w.  n. 
w.  Albany,  411  W.  The  surface  is  hilly;  soil, 
sandy  loam  and  clay,  well  adapted  to  grass. 
Drained  by  tributaries  of  West  Canada  creek. 
The  v.  contains  3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1 
Episcopal,  and  1  Baptist.  The  t.  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $8,200 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,830.  8  sch.  295  scholars. 
Pop.  1,046. 

Norwegian,  t.,  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  and  mountainous,  and  it  is  an  impor- 
tant centre  of  the  coal  mines  and  trade.  Watered 
by  Schuylkill  r.  and  its  branches.  It  has  14  stores, 
cap.  $27,800 ;  1  powder  m.,  1  flouring  rn.,  14  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $28,100.  8  sch.  302  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  3,812. 

Norwich,  p-t.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  46  s.  s.  e. 
Montpelier,  490  W.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil, 
fertile,  adapted  to  grain,  grazing,  and  fruit.  Con- 
necticut r.  runs  on  its  e.  border,  across  which  is 
a  bridge,  connecting  it  with  Hanover,  N.  H. 
Watered  by  Ompompanoosuc  r.,  Bloody  brook, 
and  Smalley's  brook,  which  afford  water  power. 
The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated  on  a  plain,  and  con- 
tains a  Congregational  church,  an  academy,  and 
a  number  of  handsome  dwellings.  There  are  in 
the  t.  5  stores,  cap.  $28,000;  3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $300.  1  college,  70  studenfB, 
1  acad.  70  students,  20  sch.  747  scholars.  Pop. 
2,218. 

Norwich,  p-t.,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  104  w. 
Boston,  341  W.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $600 ;  1  lull- 
ing m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $4,600.    8  sch.  225  scholars.     Pop.  750. 

Norwich,  city,  and  semi-capital  of  New  Lon- 
don co.,  Ct.,  is  situated  at  the  head  of  navigation 


NOR 


486 


NOT 


on  Thames  r.,  in  41°  33'  n.  lat.,  and  72°  7'  w. 
Ion.,  13  n.  New  London,  39  s.  E.  Hartford,  33  s. 
w  Providence,  R.  I.,  50  N.  E.  New  Haven,  357 
W.  Pop.  1830,  city,  3,144 ;  total  in  t.  5,179  :  1840, 
city,  4,200 ;  t.,  excepting  the  city,  3,039;  total, 
7,239.  It  consists  of  3  parts— Chelsea  Landing, 
or  Norwich  City,  the  Town,  and  Westville,  for- 
merly called  Bean  Hill.  Norwich  City,  or  the 
Landing,  is  situated  on  the  point  of  land  between 
the  Shetucket  and  Yantic  rivers,  which  here 
unite  to  form  the  Thames.  The  site  is  singularly 
romantic,  on  the  steep  declivity  of  a  high  hill, 
which  causes  the  streets  to  rise  above  each  other 
like  terraces,  and  the  houses  in  the  rear  to  over- 
look those  in  front.  The  t.,  2  miles  n.  w.,  is  on 
a  pleasant  valley,  surrounded  by  hills,  which  on 
the  E.  rise  rapidly  from  the  street,  and  afford 
commanding  situations  for  dwellings.  In  the 
centre  of  the  place  is  a  large  triangular  public 
ground,  or  square,  surrounded  by  houses  and 
stores,  on  which  fronts  the  principal  church. 
Between  the  landing  and  town  is  a  beautiful 
plain,  which  furnishes  fine  situations  for  elegant 
residences.  In  the  n.  w.  part  of  the  city,  on  the 
road  to  Hartford,  is  Westville,  which  contains  a 
number  of  pleasant  dwellings  and  several  manu- 
facturing establishments.  Within  the  city  are  a 
court  house,  jail,  town  hall,  4  banks,  2  insurance 
companies,  a  high  school  for  boys,  a  female  acad- 
emy, and  7  churches— 2  Congregational,  1  Epis- 
copal, 1  Baptist,  2  Methodist,  and  1  Unitarian.  A 
cove  sets  up  about  a  mile  from  the  Thames,  over 
the  mouth  of  which  is  a  bridge.  At  the  head  of 
this  cove,  the  Yantic  r.  enters  it  by  a  singularly 
romantic  cataract,  affording  a  fine  site  for  mills 
and  manufactories.  The  village  around  it  is 
called  Yanticville.  In  the  rocks  which  form  the 
bed  of  the  cataract  will  often  be  found  circular 
perpendicular  holes,  5  or  6  feet  deep,  evidently 
formed  by  a  stone  or  stones  whirled  round  within 
them  by  the  force  of  the  water.  These  holes  are 
so  regular  as  to  appear  like  a  work  of  art,  and 
are  a  curiosity.  From  a  high  projecting  rock, 
which  overhangs  the  foot  of  these  falls,  the  Mo- 
hegan  Indians  formerly  plunged  to  destruction, 
rather  than  to  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  Narra- 
gansetts,  who  were  pursuing  them.  A  mile  e. 
of  the  landing,  on  the  Shetucket,  is  Greenville,  a 
flourishing  manufacturing  v.  Steamboats  ply 
between  Norwich  and  New  York,  and  a  railroad 
connects  it  with  Worcester,  Mass.,  and  thence 
with  Boston.  There  were  in  Norwich  in  1840, 
97  stores,  with  a  capital  of  $337,000 ;  5  lumber 
yards,  with  a  capital  of  $32,000 ;  hardware  pro- 
duced to  the  amount  of  $50,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  cap.  $35,000 ;  1  cotton  fac.  4,000  sp., 
cap.  $100,000;  1  tannery,  1  pottery,  2  grist  m.,  1 
oil  m.,  2  rope  walks,  2  paper  fac,  3  printing 
offices,  2  binderies,  and  2  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $408,700.  3  acad.  71  students, 
13  sch.  908  scholars.  In  the  t.,  without  the  city 
limits,  are  14  stores,  cap.  $36,000 ;  6  fulling  m.,  5 


woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  with  4,626  sp.,  1  tan-  scholars.     Pop.  5,109 


saw  m.,  1  tannery,  1  oil  m.,  1  fulling  m.,  1  leather 
mitten  and  glove  fac,  1  piano-forte  fac,  1  coach 
lace  fac,  1  furnace  and  machine  shop,  2  printing 
offices,  200  dwellings,  and  about  1,500  inhabit- 
ants. There  are  in  the  t.  20  stores,  cap.  $68,400 ; 
5  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  4  tanneries,  2  print- 
ing offices,  2  weekly  newspapers,  and  2  periodi- 
cals, 6  grist  m.,  20  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $10,750.  3  acad.  82  students,  34  sch.  1,049 
scholars.     Pop.  4,145. 

Norwich,  v.,  Oyster  Bay  t,  Queens  co.,  N. 
Y.  It  contains  1  Methodist  church,  3  stores,  25 
dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Norwich,  p-t.,  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  190  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  272  W.  The  v.  is  situated  on  Pota- 
toe  creek,  and  contains  a  number  of  dwellings. 
There  are  in  the  t.  2  sch.  70  scholars.     Pop.  184. 

Norwich,  p-v.,  Union  t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O., 
65  e.  Columbus,  328  W.  Situated  on  the  national 
road,  and  contains  2  churches,  6  stores,  various 
mechanic  shops,  1  brewery,  1  steam  m.,  100 
dwellings,  and  about  600  inhabitants. 

Norwich,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  O.  Situated  on 
the  w.  side  of  Scioto  r.  It  has  3  sch.  52  scholars. 
Pop.  731.  ^T        M    M 

Norwich,  t,  Huron  co.,  O.,  15  s.  Norwalk,  90 
N.  E.  Columbus.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $10,000 ;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$12,000.     3  sch.  87  scholars.     Pop.  676. 

Norwichtown,p-v.,  Norwich  t.,  New  London 
co.,  Ct.,  37  s.  e.  Hartford,  355  W.    Situated  about 

2  ms.  n.  of  the  Landing,  or  Norwich  City.  It 
contains  several  streets,  not  very  regularly  laid 
out,  2  churches— 1  Congregational,  1  Methodist, 
on  a  handsome  public  square— several  stores, 
and  about  200  dwellings,  and  several  extensive 
manufactories. 

Norwood,  p-v.,  Montgomery  co.,  N.  C,  158 
w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  395  W. 

Notipekago,  county,  Mich.  Situated  cen- 
trally on  the  w.  side  of  the  peninsula.  It  con- 
tains 500  sq.  miles,  and  has  sand  hills  and  bluffs 
along  the  lake.  Drained  by  Notipekago  and  Sa- 
ble rivers.    (It  is  unorganized.) 

Nottingham,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.,  2d 
e.  s.  E.  Concord,  482  W.  The  surface  is  uneven 
and  broken;  soil,  in  many  parts,  fertile.  Drained 
by  Little  and  North  rivers.  Incorporated  in  1  /  22. 
Iron  ore  is  found.  It  has  a  pleasant  y.  called 
Nottingham  Square.  There  are  in  the  t.  5  stores, 
cap.  $5,000 ;  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  6  saw  rn.,  11 
sch.  467  scholars.     Pop.  1,193. 

Nottingham,  t,  Mercer  co.,  N.  J.,  17  n.  e. 
Mount  Holly.  The  surface  is  generally  level ; 
soil,  various,  from  stiff  clay  to  sandy  loam.  Wa- 
tered by  Assunpink  and  Crosswick  s  creeks,  and 
their  tributaries.     It  has  28  stores,  cap.  $107,350 : 

3  lumber  yards,  cap.  $11,000;  3  furnaces,  3  ful- 
ling m.,  3  woollen  fac,  7  cotton  fac.  6,500  sp.,  5 
tanneries,  4  distilleries,  1  printing  office,  1  binde- 
ry, 10  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $596,770.     1  acad.  36  students,  13  sch.  348 


nery,  1  pottery,  11  grist  m.,  2  paper  fac.  Cap.  in 
manufac  $453,500.  2  acad.  90  students,  11  sch. 
871  scholars. 

Norwich,  p-t.,  and  capital  of  Chenango  co., 
N.  Y.,  112  w.  Albany,  336  W.  The  surface  is 
hilly,  with  a  wide  valley  extending  through  the 
t.,  from  n.  to  s.,  through  which  Chenango  r.  flows, 
and  on  which  are  fertile  and  highly  cultivated 
flats.  The  elevated  parts  are  adapted  to  grazing. 
The  v.  is  beautifully  situated  on  the  w.  bank  of 
Chenango  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
county  clerk's  office,  banking  house,  4  churches 
—1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  1  Episcopal,  and  1 
Methodist— 20  stores  and  groceries,  2  grist  m.,  1 


Nottingham,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  13  e. 
Washington  b.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  loam. 
Drained  by  Peter's,  Mingo,  and  Little  Mingo 
creeks.  Coal  is  abundant.  It  contains  Williams- 
port  v.  The  t.  has  4  stores,  cap.  $16,000  ;  1  tan- 
nery, 1  distillery,  2  flouring  in.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$8,000.     Pop.  983. 

Nottingham,  p-v.,  Prince  George  s  co.,  Md., 
32  s.  w.  Annapolis,  26  W. 

Nottingham,  t.,  Harrison  co.,  O.    Pop.  368. 

Nottingham  Turnpike,  p-o.,  Nottingham  t., 
Rockingham  county,  N.  H.,  25  E.  s.  e.  Concord, 
496  W.  .    „. 

Nottoway,  r.,  Va.  and  N.  C,  rises  in  Prince 


OAK 


487 


OAK 


Edward  co.,  Va.,  and  joins  the  Meherrin  r.  in  j 
Gates  co.,  N.  C,  to  form  Chowan  r.  It  is  about 
110  ms.  long. 

Nottoway,  county,  Va.  Situated  centrally  to- 
ward the  s.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  290 
sq.  ms.  Drained  by  tributaries  of  the  Appomat- 
tox r.,  and  by  Nottoway  r.  and  its  tributaries. 
Capital,  Nottoway  C.  H.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  5,540,  sheep  6,827,  swine  10,294; 
wheat  42,145  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  248,863, 
oats  70,130,  potatoes  8,367,  tobacco  2,212,950 
pounds,  cotton  20,682 ;  7  stores,  cap.  $55,000  ;  5 
tanneries,  8  flouring  m.,  17  grist  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac.  $48,748.  10  sch.  195  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
2,490,  slaves  7,071,  free  col'd  158 ;  total,  9,719. 

Nottoway,  p-t.,  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich.,  137  w. 
s.  w.  Detroit,  592  W.  It  contains  6  stores,  1 
flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.  10  sch.  201  scholars.  Pop. 
1,226. 

Nottoway,  C.  II.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Nottoway 
co.,  Va.,  67  s.  w.  Richmond,  186  W.  It  is  situ- 
ated on  Nottoway  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  clerk's  office,  1  store,  several  mechanic 
shops,  1  flouring  m.,  15  dwellings,  and  about  90 
inhabitants. 

Novi,  p-t.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  25  n.  w.  De- 
troit, 547  W.  Watered  by  the  w.  branch  of 
Rouge  r.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $6,100 ;  10  sch. 
255  scholars.     Pop.  1,351. 

Noxubee,  county,  Miss.  Situated  in  the  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  680  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  the  w.  fork  of  Tombigbee  r.  and  its  branch- 
es. Capital,  Macon.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  10,075,  sheep  1,461,  swine  21,140;  wheat 
4,072  bush,  produced,  Indian  corn  400,750,  oats 
15,036,  potatoes  11,638,  cotton  1,696,345  pounds; 
7  stores,  cap.  $80,000  ;  1  tannery,  2  flouring  m., 
4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 


newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $S,050.  7  acad. 
170  students,  4  sch.  70  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
1,817,  slaves  6,157,  free  col'd  1;  total,  9,975. 

Nubbin  Ridge,  p-o.,  Hardiman  co.,  Tenn., 
179  s.  w.  by  w.  Nashville. 

Nulhegan,  r.,  Vt.,  in  the  n.  e.  part  of  the  state, 
enters  Connecticut  r.  in  Bloomfield.  It  is  in  gen- 
eral a  rapid  stream. 

Number  One,  p-o.,  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  144  n. 
e.  Augusta,  739  W. 

Number  Three,  p-o.,  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  154 
n.  e.  Augusta,  749  W. 

Numidia,  p-o.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa. 

Nunda,  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y.,  20  n.  An- 
gelica, 225  w.  by  s.  Albany.  The  surface  is 
undulating ;  soil,  a  fertile  argillaceous  loam, 
adapted  to  grain.  Drained  by  Canaseraga  and 
Cashaqua  creeks.  It  has  13  stores,  cap.  $30,550 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  flouring  m.,  6  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $42,300.  1  acad.  47  students, 
13  sch.  1,064  scholars.    Pop.  2,637. 

Nunda  Valley,  p-v.,  Nunda  t.,  Alleghany  co., 
N.  Y.,  253  w.  by  s.  Albany,  352  W.  Situated  on 
Cashaqua  cr.,  and  contains  3  churches — 1  Pres- 
byterian, 1  Baptist,  and  1  Universalist — 1  acade- 
my, 10  stores,  1  woollen  fac,  1  grist  m.,  1  ma- 
chine shop,  1  furnace,  1  tannery,  about  150  dwell- 
ings, and  1,000  inhabitants. 

Nyack,  p-v.,  Orangetown  t.,  Rockland  co.,  N. 
Y.,  128  s.  by  w.  Albany,  262  W.  Pleasantly 
situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Hudson  r.,  on  Tappan 
sea,  an  expansion  of  the  r.  It  contains  3  church- 
es, 5  stores,  various  mechanic  shops,  100  dwell- 
ings, and  about  800  inhabitants.  A  steamboat 
and  several  sloops  ply  between  this  place  and 
New  York. 

Nyack  Turnpike,  p-o.,  Clarkstown  t.,  Rock- 


land co.,  N.  Y.,  128  s.  by  w.  Albany,  264  W. 


Q. 


Oakachikama,  p-o.,  Yallabusha  co.,  Miss.,  126 
n.  n.  e.  Jackson,  945  W. 

Oak  Bowery,  p-o.,  Chambers  co.,  Ala.,  166  e. 
s.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  773  W. 

Oak  Corner,  p-o.,  Moore  co.,  N.  C. 

Oak  Creek,  p-o.,  Milwaukee  co.,  Wis.,  93  e. 
Madison,  795  W. 

Oak  Dale,  p-v.,  Shelby  co.,  Mo.,  94  n.  Jeffer- 
son City,  951  W. 

Oakey  Hill,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Flor. 

Oak  Field,  p-o.,  Genesee  co.,  N.  Y.,  257  w. 
Albany,  332  W. 

Oak  Flat,  p-o.,  Pendleton  co.,  Va.,  161  n.  w. 
Richmond,  161  W. 

Oak  Forest,  p-o.,  Cumberland  co.,  Va.,  57  w. 
Richmond,  137  W. 

Oak  Forest,  p-o.,  Iredell  co.,  N.  C,  152  w. 
Raleigh,  370  W. 

Oakfuskie,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  Ala.,  152  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  747  W. 

Oak  Grove,  p-o.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Va.,  82 
n.  e.  Richmond,  93  W.  Situated  1  mile  from 
Mattox  cr.,  and  contains  1  Methodist  church,  5 
stores,  and  has  considerable  trade. 

Oak  Grove,  p-o..  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  57  w. 
N.  w.  Detroit,  560  W. 

Oak  Grove,  p-o.,  Edgecombe  co.,  N.  C,  77  e. 
Raleigh,  294  W. 

Oak  Grove,  p-o.,  Union  dist.,  S.  C,  90  n.  w 
Columbia,  448  W. 

Oak  Grove,  p-o.,  Washington  par.,  La.,  80  n. 
New  Orleans,  1,117  W. 

Oak  Grove,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn.,  222  e. 
Nashville,  475  W. 

Oak  Grove,  p-o.,  Christian  co.,  Ky.,  218  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  742  W. 


'  Oak  Grove,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Mo.,  128  s.  e. 
Jefferson  City,  1,054  W. 

Oak  Grove,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  la.,  55  n. 
w.  Indianapolis,  626  W. 

Oak  Grove  Furnace,  p-o.,  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  25 
N.  w.  Harrisburg,  1 13  W. 

Oakham,  p-t,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  64  w.  Bos- 
ton, 416  W.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  not 
very  fertile,  excepting  on  the  streams.  Watered 
by  Five  Mile  r.,  a  branch  of  Chickapee  r.,  and 
Ware  r.  Chartered  in  1762,  before  which  it  be- 
longed to  Rutland.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,000 ; 
1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$17,350.    9  sch.  404  scholars.    Pop.  1,038. 

Oak  Hill,  p-o.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  56  s.  w. 
Augusta,  539  W. 

Oak  Hill,  p-o.,  Durham  t.,  Greene  co.,  N.  Y., 
34  s.  w.  Albany,  361  W. 

Oak  Hill,  p-o.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  64  s.  e. 
Harrisburg,  94  W. 

Oak  Hill,  p-v.,  Madison  t.,  Jackson  co.,  O., 
80  s.  s.  E.  Columbus,  391  W.  It  contains  2  stores 
and  12  or  15  dwellings. 

Oak  Hill,  p-o.,  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  119  n.  by 
w.  Richmond,  62  W. 

Oak  Hill,  p-o.,  Granville  co.,  N.  C,  71  n.  Ra- 
leigh, 256  W. 

Oak  Hill,  p-o.,  Newton  co.,  Ga.,  72  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  659  W. 

Oak  Hill,  p-o.,  Overton  co.,  Tenn.,  104  e.  by 
n.  Nashviile,  616  W. 

Oakland,  county,  Mich.  Situated  in  the  E. 
part  of  the  peninsula,  and  contains  900  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Clinton  r.  and  its  branches,  and  by 
the  head  branches  of  Huron,  Flint,  Rouge,  and 
Shiawassee  rivers.    The  surface  is  rolling  ;  soil, 


OAT 


488 


oco 


fertile.  Capital,  Pontiac.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  20,561,  sheep  19,656,  swine  39,213; 
wheat  264,965  bush,  produced,  rye  6,157,  Ind. 
corn  254,902,  buckwheat  23,740,  barley  4,514,  oats 
238,005,  potatoes  329,807,  sugar  90,614  pounds; 
62  stores,  capital  $166,645 ;  1  furnace,  6  full- 
ing m.,  1  woollen  fac,  3  tanneries,  6  distilleries. 
24  flouring  m.,  14  grist  m.,  41  saw  m.,  2  printing 
offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  raanufac. 
$283,345.  117  sch.  4,800  scholars.  Pop.  23,646. 
Oakland,  p-v.,  Hartford  co.,  Ct.,  9.  w.  Hart- 
ford, 345  W. 

Oakland,  p-v.,  Portage  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N. 
Y.,  254  w.  by  s.  Albany,  357  W.  Situated  on 
Cashaqua  cr.,  and  contains  1  Methodist  church, 
2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  tannery,  1  clothier's 
works,  35  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 
Oakland,  p-o.,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa. 
Oakland,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  Va.,  170  n.  by  w. 
Richmond,  93  W. 

Oakland,  p-o.,  Clinton  co.,  O.,  77  s.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 450  W. 

Oakland,  p-v.,  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  195  s.  w. 
Nashville,  880  W. 

Oakland,  p-o.,  Coles  co.,  111.,  97  K.  s.  e.  Spring- 
field, 682  W. 

Oakland,  p-o.,  Yallabusha  co.,  Miss.,  139  n. 
by  e.  Jackson,  984  W. 

Oakland,  t.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  53  Detroit. 
Watered  by  Paint  cr.  and  a  branch  of  stony  cr. 
It  has  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $10,010.  7  sch.  300  scholars.  Pop. 
918. 

Oakland,  p-o.,  Pulaski  co.,  Mo.  Situated  on 
the  w.  bank  of  Osage  Fork  of  Gasconade  r. 

Oakland  College,  p-v.,  Claiborne  co.,  Miss., 
87  s.  w.  Jackson,  1,097  W.  The  college  is  situ- 
ated near  Rodney,  25  n.  n.  e.  Natchez,  was 
founded  under  the  patronage  of  the  Presbyte- 
rians in  1831 ;  has  a  president  and  5  professors 
or  other  instructors,  about  100  students,  including 
a  primary  department,  and  1,522  vols,  in  its 
libraries. 

Oakland  Mills,  p-o.,  Juniata  co.,  Pa.,  50  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  144  W. 

Oak  Lawn,  p-o.,  Baker  co.,  Ga.,  138  s.  s.  w. 
Milledgeville,  795  W. 

Oak  Level,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,  Va.,  196  w.  s.  w. 
Richmond,  271  W. 

Oakley,  p-o.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va.,  120  s.  w. 
Richmond,  218  W. 

Oakley,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  Ala.,  178  n.  n.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  728  W. 

Oak  Orchard,  p-v.,  Ridgeway  t.,  Orleans  co., 
N.  Y.,  259  w.  by  n.  Albany,  403  W. 

Oak  Point,  p-o.,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.  Y. 
Oak  Ridge,  p-o.,  Guilford  co.,  N.  C,  104  w. 
n.  w.  Raleigh,  289  W. 

Oak  Ridge,  p-o.,  Marshall  co.,  Miss. 
Oak's  Corners,  p-o.,  Phelps  t.,  Ontario  co., 
N.  Y.,  181  w.  Albany,  346  W. 

Oaksville,  p-v.,  Otsego  t.,  Otsego  co.,  N.  Y., 
73  w.  Albany,  362  W.  It  contains  1  church,  2 
stores,  and  1  cotton  fac,  situated  on  Oak  cr. 

Oakville,  p-v.,  Buckingham  co.,  Va.,  102  w. 
Richmond,  188  W.  It  contains  a  store  and  2  or 
3  dwellings. 

Oakville,  p-v.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.  C,  183 
w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  420  W. 

Oakville,  p-v.,  Lexington  dist.,  S.  C,  13  s. 
w.  Columbia,  519  W. 

Oakville,  p-v.,  Lawrence  co.,  Ala.,  112  n. 
Tuscaloosa,  759  W. 

Oakville,  p-v.,  London  t.,  Monroe  co.,  Mich. 
Oakville,  p-v.,  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo. 
Oatland  Mills,  p-o.,  Loudon  co.,  Va.,  148  n. 
Richmond,  41  W.    It  contains  a  flouring  m.  ca- 


pable of  producing  40  barrels  of  flour  daily,  a 
plaster  m.,  2  carding  machines,  an  oil  m.,  a  saw 
m.,  all  on  Goose  cr.,  a  branch  of  the  Potomac. 
A  bridge  crosses  the  cr.  of  120  feet  span. 

Obanionville,  p-v.,  Miami  t.,  Clermont  co., 
O.,  102  s.  w.  Columbus,  475  W. 

Oberlin,  p-v.,  Russia  t.,  Lorain  co.,  O.,  110  n. 
n.  e.  Columbus,  379  W.  It  is  the  seat  of  Oberlin 
Collegiate  Institute,  which  embraces  a  male  and 
a  female  department,  both  on  the  manual  labor 
system.  It  was  founded  in  1332,  and  has  a  pre- 
sident and  10  professors  or  other  instructors,  and 
about  498  students.  It  has  a  theological  depart- 
ment. A  religious  periodical,  called  the  Oberlin 
Evangelist,  is  published  here. 

Obies,  r.,  Tenn.,  rises  in  Morgan  co.,  Tenn., 
in  Cumberland  mountains,  and  flowing  n.  and  w., 
and  receiving  Wolf  r.  from  Ky.,  it  enters  Cum- 
berland r.  in  the  w.  part  of  Overton  co. 

Obion,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  700  sq.  ms.  The 
Mississippi  r.  flows  on  its  w.  border.  Drained 
by  Obion  and  Reelfoot  rivers  and  their  branches. 
Along  the  Mississippi  it  is  liable  to  be  overflowed. 
Capital,  Troy.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
7,569,  sheep  1,490,  swine  23,409 ;  wheat  10,248 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  235,715,  oats  14,137, 
potatoes  13,577,  tobacco  243,120  pounds,  cotton 
42,446,  sugar  1,897;  8  stores,  cap.  $13,550;  2 
tanneries,  3  distilleries,  6  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $6,675.  6  acad.  160  students,  10  sch. 
222  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,219,  slaves  587,  free 
col'd  8  ;  total,  4,814. 

Occoquan,  p-v.,  Prince  William  co.,  Va.,  96 
N.  Richmond,  23  W. 

Oceana,  county,  Mich.  Situated  in  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  settled  portion  of  the  peninsula,  and 
contains  730  sq.  ms.  Drained  by  Maskegon  and 
Rouge  rivers.  It  is  unorganized.  There  were 
in  1840,  1  sch.  25  scholars.     Pop.  496. 

Oceola,  t.,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.  It  has  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,000.  8  sch.  151 
scholars.    Pop.  504. 

Oceola,  p-o.,  Perry  co.,  Tenn. 

Oceola,  p-o.,  Crawford  co.,  O.,  68  N.  Colum- 
bus, 412  W. 

Oceola,  p-v.,  capital  of  Mississippi  co.,  Ark., 
130  e.  n.  E.  Little  Rock.  Situated  on  the  west 
side  of  the  Mississippi  r.,  and  contains  a  court 
house  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Oceola  Centre,  p-v.,  Livingston  co.,  Mich., 
57  w.  N.  w.  Detroit,  560  W. 

Ochesse,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Flor. 

Ocmulgee,  r.,  Ga.  It  constitutes  the  w.  and 
main  branch  of  Altamaha  r.,  rises  in  Gwinnett 
and  De  Kalb  counties,  and  flows  in  a  s.  s.  E.  di- 
rection 200  ms.  to  its  junction  with  Oconee  r.  on 
the  s.  border  of  Montgomery  co.,  where  they  to- 
gether form  the  Altamaha.  It  is  navigable  for 
sieamboats  to  Macon. 

Ocmulgeeville,  p-v.,  Telfair  co.,  Ga.,  148  s. 
Milledgeville,  759  W.  Situated  3  ms.  s.  of  Oc- 
mulgee r.,  and  14  above  the  junction  of  the  Oco- 
nee and  Ocmulgee. 

Oconee,  r.,  Ga.,  rises  N.  E.  of  the  Ocmulgee  r., 
and  flows  in  a  s.  s.  e.  direction  until  it  unites  with 
the  Ocmulgee,  230  ms.  below  Milledgeville. 
Steamboats  navigate  it  to  Milledgeville. 

Ocracoke  Inlet,  N.  C,  is  the  pass  from  the 
Atlantic  ocean  into  Pamlico  sound.  On  each 
side  of  the  passage  are  dangerous  shoals,  and  on 
the  bar  is  14  feet  water,  at  low  tide. 

Ocracoke,  p-v.,  Carteret  co.,  N.  C.  Situated 
on  the  s.  w.  side  of  the  beach  at  Ocracoke  inlet 
It  contains  about  20  dwellings. 

O'Connellsville,  p-o.,  Chili  t.,  Monroe  co., 
N.  Y.,  225  w  by  n.  Albany,  378  W. 


OHI 


489 


OHI 


Ofahoma,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  Miss.,  47  ft.  by  B. 
Jackson.  985  W. 

Office  Tavern,  p-o.,  Amelia  co.,  Vn.,  41  s. 
w.  Richmond,  15-*  W.  It  contains  1  Presbyte- 
rian and  1  Methodist  church,  and  a  plough  fac- 
tory. 

Ogden,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  w.  Rochester, 
227  w.  bv  x.  Albany.  The  surface  is  generally 
level;  soil,  sandy  and  gravelly  loam.  Drained 
by  branches  of  Salmon  and  Rush  creeks.  The 
Erie  canal  passes  through  it,  on  which  are  Adams' 
basin,  and  Spencerport.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
s !  B,800  ;  1  furnace,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $3,003.  14  sch.  832  scholars.  Pop. 
2,404. 

Ogokv,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  la.,  36  e.  by  s.  In- 
dianapolis, 535  W. 

Ogden,  t.,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,500.  2  sch. 
31  scholars.     Pop.  236. 

Ogdex,  p-o.,  New  Madrid  co.,  Mo.,  248  s.  E. 
Jefferson  City,  838  W. 

Ogdensburg,  p-v.,  and  port  of  entry,  Oswe- 
ratchie  t.,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.  Y.,  210  n.  n.  w. 
Albany,  477  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  side  of  St. 
Lawrence  r.,  at  the  mouth  of  Oswegatchie  r. 
Incorporated  in  1817,  and  contains  5  churches — 

1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  1  Method- 
ist, and  1  Roman  Catholic — an  academy,  2  banks, 
80  stores  and  groceries,  2  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m., 

2  saw  m.,  1  clothier's  works,  1  tannery,  2  iron 
foundries,  1  brewery,  1  distillery,  2  machine 
shops,  about  450  dwellings,  and  2,526  inhabitants. 
It  is  at  the  lower  termination  of  sloop  navigation, 
but  steamboats  go  to  the  rapids,  40  ms.  below, 
and  thence  pass  by  Ogdensburg  to  the  various 
places  on  Lake  Ontario.  A  steam-ferry-boat 
crosses  from  this  place  to  Prescott,  in  Canada,  a 
distance  of  U  m. 

Ogechee,  r.,  Ga.,  rises  7  ms.  n.  w.  of  Greens- 
boro', in  Greene  co.,  and  after  a  course  of  over 
200  ms.,  flows  into  Ossabaw  sound,  17  ms.  s.  of 
Savannah.  It  is  navigable  for  boats  of  30  tons  to 
Louisville,  in  Jefferson  co.,  and  for  sloops,  30  or 
40  ms.  from  its  mouth. 

Ogemaw,  county,  Mich.    Situated  in  the  n.  e. 

?iart  of  the  state,  and  contains  576  square  miles. 
)rained  principally  by  Rifle  r.     It  is  unorgan- 
ized. 

Ogle,  county,  III.  Situated  in  the  N.  part  of 
the  state,  and  contains  625  sq.  ms.  Drained  by 
Rock  r.  and  its  branches.  Capital,  Oregon  City. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,333,  sheep  597, 
swine  10,329  ;  wheat  69,250  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  106,868,  oats  41,850,  potatoes  46,130,  tobac- 
co 300  pounds,  sugar  370;  10  stores,  cap.  $18,000  ; 
2  distilleries,  1  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  12  saw  m., 
1  acad.,  7  sch.  215  scholars.     Pop.  3,197. 

Oglethorpe,  county,  Ga.  Situated  toward 
the  N.  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  490  sq. 
ms.  Drained  by  branches  of  Broad  r.,  which 
runs  on  its  n.  e.  border.  Capital,  Lexington. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  11.812,  sheep 
7,479,  swine  27,461 ;  wheat  33,919  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  1,180,  lnd.  corn  490,516,  barley  521, 
oats  66,229,  potatoes  19,496,  tobacco  1,002  pounds, 
cotton  2,639,655;  19  stores,  cap.  $78,000;  1  tan- 
nery, 1  distillery,  5  flouring  m.,  23  grist  m.,  13 
saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $29,715.    3  acad.  107 


students,  10  sch.  878  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,506, 
slaves  6,331,  free  col'd  31;  total,  10,8(R 

Ogunquit,  p-o.,  York  co.,  Me.,  82  s.  w.  Au- 
gusta, 510  W. 

Ohatchik, p-o.,  Benton  co.,  Ala.,  119  e.  n.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  737  W. 

Ohio,  a  large  river  of  the  United  States.  This 
r.,  if  we  take  into  view  its  length,  the  richness  and 
populousness,  present  and  prospective,  of  the  vast 
country  which  it  drains,  and  the  extent  of  its 
navigation,  is  second  only  to  the  Mississippi.  It 
is  ibrmed  by  the  confluence  of  the  Alleghany 
from  the  N.  and  the  Monongahela  from  !he  s.  at 
Pittsburg,  in  the  w.  part  of  Pennsylvania,  lat.  40° 
23'  n.  and  Ion.  80°  8'  w.,  at  the  height  of  1,138 
feet  above  tidewater  in  the  Atlantic.  It  pro- 
ceeds in  a  direction  w.  s.  w.,  dividing  the  states 
of  Virginia  and  Kentucky  on  the  s.  from  Ohio, 
Indiana,  and  Illinois  on  the  n.,  and  enters  the 
Mississippi,  in  lat.  37°  n.  and  Ion.  88°  58'  w.  Its 
length  from  Pittsburg  to  its  mouth,  by  the  course 
of  the  river,  is  948  miles' ;  but  the  distance  in  a 
direct  course,  is  only  614  miles.  It  has  a  de- 
scent, in  its  whole  course,  of  395  feet,  making  an 
average  descent  of  not  quite  5  inches  in  a  mile. 
The  width  of  the  Ohio  varies  from  400  to  1,400 
yards ;  its  average  width  is  about  800  yards, 
which  is  its  width  opposite  to  Cincinnati.  Its 
widest  place  is  at  Louisville,  Ky.  At  its  mouth, 
it  is  about  900  yards  wide.  The  great  valley 
drained  by  this  river  contains  over  200,000  sq. 
miles,  and  a  population  of  over  3,000,000,  which 
is  rapidly  increasing.  There  are  no  considerable 
falls  in  this  river  excepting  at  Louisville,  Ky., 
where  it  descends  22 i  feet  in  2  miles.  These 
falls  have  been  obviated  by  a  canal  around  them, 
which  admits  of  the  passage  of  the  largest  steam- 
boats ;  but  boats  ascend  and  descend  these 
rapids,  when  the  water  is  high.  The  current  of 
the  Ohio  is  very  gentle,  being,  at  the  mean  height 
of  the  river,  about  3  miles  an  hour  ;  at  high  wa- 
ter it  is  more,  and  at  low  water  not  more  than  2 
miles.  The  highest  water  occurs  in  December, 
March,  May,  and  June ;  and  the  lowest,  in  Au- 
gust, September,  and  October.  The  average  dif- 
ference between  high  and  low  water  is  50  feet. 
During  8  or  10  weeks  in  the  winter,  the  naviga- 
tion is  obstructed  by  floating  ice.  Of  the  2  con- 
fluents which  form  the  Ohio,  the  Alleghany  is 
the  most  important,  being  navigable  for  boats  260 
miles  to  Olean,  N.  Y.,  and  will  hereafter,  by 
means  of  the  Genesee  Valley  canal,  termina- 
ting at  this  place,  and  extending  to  the  Erie  canal, 
form  an  important  communication  between  the 
city  of  New  York  and  the  west.  The  principal 
tributaries  of  the  Ohio  on  the  n.  are  the  Beaver, 
Muskingum,  Scioto,  the  2  Miamis,  Whitewater, 
and  Wabash  ;  those  on  the  s.  are  the  Kanawha, 
Sandy,  Licking,  Kentucky,  Green,  Cumberland, 
and  Tennessee.  Some  of  these  are  navigable  at 
high  water  to  a  great  extent,  by  boats  and  steam- 
boats. The  Tennessee  is  navigable  by  boats  for 
1,000  miles;  the  Cumberland  is  navigable  for 
steamboats  to  Nashville,  and  for  keel-boats  300 
miles  further ;  the  Wabash  is  navigable  for  200 
miles;  Green  river  200  miles;  Kentucky,  150; 
Great  Kanawha  64  miles,  to  the  salt  works.  The 
Ohio,  with  its  tributaries,  has  5,000  miles  of  navi- 
gable waters. 


OHIO. 

Ohio,  the  northeastern  of  the  Western  States,  is  bounded  n.  by  3Iichigan  and  Lake  Erie  ;  E.  by 
Pennsylvania  and  Virginia ;  s.  by  the  Ohio  river,  which  separates  it  from  Virginia  and  Kentucky ; 
and  w.  by  Indiana.  It  is  between  38°  30'  and  42°  ft.  lat.,  and  between  80°  35'  and  84°  47'  w.  Ion., 
and  between  3°  31'  and  7°  41'  w.  Ion.  from  W.    It  is  210  miles  long  from  n.  to  s.,  and  200  miles 

62 


OHI 490 OHI 

broad  from  E.  to  w. ;  containing  40,000  square  miles,  or  25,600,000  acres.  The  population  in  1790, 
was  3,000 ;  in  1800,  45,365 ;  in  1810,  230,760 ;  in  1820,  581,434 ;  in  1830,  937,637 ;  in  1840, 
1,519,467 ;  being  the  third  in  population  in  the  United  States.  Of  these,  775,360  were  white  males ; 
726,762  do.  females  ;  8,740  were  free  colored  males  ;  8,602  do.  females.  Employed  in  agriculture, 
272,579  ;  in  commerce,  9,201 ;  in  manufactures  and  trades,  66,265 ;  in  mining,  704 ;  navigating  the 
ocean,  212 ;  do.  rivers,  canals,  and  lakes,  3,323  ;  learned  professions,  5,663. 

This  state  is  divided  into  79  counties,  which,  with  their  population  in  1840,  and  their  capitals, 
are  as  follows  :  Adams,  13,183,  West  Union  ;  Allen,  9,079,  Lima  ;  Ashtabula,  23,724,  Jeffer- 
son ;  Athens,  19,109,  Athens ;  Belmont,  30,901,  St.  Clairsville ;  Brown,  22,715,  Georgetown ; 
Butler,  28,173,  Hamilton;  Carroll,  18,108,  Carrollton;  Champaign,  16,721,  Urbanna;  Clark, 
16,882,  Springfield;  Clermont,  23,106,  Batavia;  Clinton,  15,719,  Wilmington;  Columbiana, 
40,378,  New  Lisbon ;  Coshocton,  21,590,  Coshocton ;  Crawford,  13,152,  Bucyrus  ;  Cuyahoga, 
26,506,  Cleveland;  Darke,  13,282,  Greenville;  Delaware,  22,060,  Delaware;  Erie,  12,599, 
Sandusky  City;  Fairfield,  31,924,  Lancaster;  Fayette,  10,984,  Washington;  Franklin, 
25,049,  Columbus ;  Gallia,  13,444,  Gallipolis  ;  Geauga,  16,297,  Chardon ;  Greene,  17,528,  Xenia; 
Guernsey,  27,748,  Cambridge  ;  Hamilton,  80,145,  Cincinnati ;  Hancock,  9,986,  Findlay  ;  Har- 
din, 4,593,  Kenton ;  Harrison,  20,099,  Cadiz  ;  Henry,  2,503,  Napoleon  ;  Highland,  22,269,  Hills- 
boro' ;  Hocking,  9,741,  Logan  ;  Holmes,  18,088,  Millersburg;  Huron,  23,933,  Norwalk  ;  Jack- 
son, 9,744,  Jackson;  Jefferson,  25,030,  Steubenville  ;  Knox,  29,579,  Mount  Vernon;  Lake, 
13,719,  Painesville,  Lawrence,  9,738,  Burlington;  Licking,  35,096,  Newark;  Logan,  14,015, 
Belle  Fontaine  ;  Lorain,  18,467,  Elyria  ;  Lucas,  9,382,  Toledo ;  Madison,  9,025,  London  ;  Ma- 
rion, 14,765,  Marion;  Medina,  18,352,  Medina;  Meigs,  11,452,  Chester ;  Mercer,  8,277,  Celina  ; 
Miami,  19,638,  Troy  ;  Monroe,  18,521,  Woodfield  ;  Montgomery,  31,938,  Dayton  ;  Morgan, 
20,852,  McConnelsville  ;  Muskingum,  38,749,  Zanesville ;  Ottawa,  2,248,  Port  Clinton  ;  Pauld- 
ing, 1,034,  Charloe  ;  Perry,  19,344,  Somerset ;  Pickaway,  19,725,  Circleville  ;  Pike,  7,626,  Pike- 
ton;  Preble,  19,482,  Eaton ;  Portage,  22,965,  Ravenna ;  Putnam,  5,189,  Putnam;  Richland, 
44,532,  Mansfield;  Ross,  27,460,  Chilicothe :  Sandusky,  10,182,  Lower  Sandusky;  Scioto, 
11,192,  Portsmouth ;  Seneca,  18,128,  Tiffin ;  Shelby,  12,154,  Sidney ;  Stark,  34,603,  Canton ; 
Summit,  22,560,  Akron  ;  Trumbull,  38,107,  Warren  ;  Tuscarawas,  25,631,  New  Philadelphia  ; 
Union,  8,422,  Marysville  ;  Van  Wert,  1,577,  Van  Wert;  Warren,  23,141,  Lebanon;  Wash- 
ington, 20,823,  Marietta ;  Wayne,  35,808,  Wooster ;  Williams,  4,465,  Bryan ;  Wood,  5,357, 
Perrysburg. 

Columbus,  on  the  Scioto,  just  below  the  confluence  of  the  Whetstone,  is  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment. 

The  interior  of  the  state,  and  the  country  bordering  on  Lake  Erie,  are  generally  level,  and  in 
some  places  marshy.  From  one  quarter  to  one  third  of  the  state,  comprehending  the  eastern  and 
southeastern  part,  bordering  on  the  Ohio  river,  is  generally  hilly  and  broken,  but  not  mountainous. 
There  is  no  elevation  which  deserves  the  name  of  a  mountain,  in  the  whole  state.  The  interval 
lands  on  the  Ohio,  and  several  of  its  tributaries,  have  great  fertility.  On  both  sides  of  the  Scioto, 
and  of  the  Great  and  Little  Miami,  are  the  most  extensive  bodies  of  rich  and  level  land  in  the 
state.  On  the  head  waters  of  the  Muskingum  and  Scioto,  and  between  the  Scioto  and  the  two 
Miami  rivers  are  extensive  prairies,  some  of  them  low  and  marshy,  producing  a  great  quantity  of 
coarse  grass,  from  2  to  5  feet  high ;  other  parts  of  the  prairies  are  elevated  and  dry,  with  a  very  fer- 
tile soil,  though  they  are  sometimes  called  barrens.  The  height  of  land  which  divides  the  waters 
which  fall  into  the  Ohio  from  those  which  fall  into  Lake  Erie,  is  the  most  marshy  of  any  in  the 
state  ;  while  the  land  on  the  margins  of  the  rivers  is  generally  dry.  Among  the  forest  trees  are 
blackwalnut,  oak  of  various  species,  hickory,  maple  of  several  kinds,  beech,  birch,  poplar,  syca- 
more, ash  of  several  kinds,  pawpaw,  buckeye,  cherry,  and  whitewood,  which  is  extensively  used 
as  a  substitute  for  pine.  Wheat  may  be  regarded  as  the  staple  production  of  the  state,  but  Indian 
com  and  other  grains  are  produced  in  great  abundance.  Although  Ohio  has  already  become  so 
populous,  it  is  surprising  to  the  traveller  to  observe  what  an  amount  of  forest  is  yet  unsubdued. 

The  summers  are  warm  and  pretty  regular,  but  subject,  at  times,  to  severe  drought.  The  win- 
ters are  generally  mild,  but  much  less  so  in  the  northern  than  in  the  southern  part  of  the  state. 
Near  Lake  Erie,  the  winters  are  probably  as  severe  as  in  the  same  latitude  on  the  Atlantic.  In 
the  country  for  50  miles  south  of  Lake  Erie,  there  are  generally  a  number  of  weeks  of  good  sleigh- 
ing in  the  winter;  but  in  the  southern  part  of  the  state,  the  snow  is  too  small  in  quantity,  or  of  too 
short  continuance,  to  produce  good  sleighing  for  any  considerable  time.  In  the  neighborhood  of 
Cincinnati  green  peas  are  produced  in  plenty  by  the  20th  of  May. 

In  parts  of  the  state  near  marshes  and  stagnant  waters,  fevers  and  agues,  and  bilious  and 
other  fevers,  are  prevalent.    With  this  exception,  the  climate  of  Ohio  may  be  regarded  as  healthful 

There  were  in  this  state  in  1840,  430,527  horses  and  mules;  1,217,874  neat  cattle;  2,028,401 
sheep ;  2,099,746  swine  ;  poultry,  to  the  value  of  $551,193.  There  were  produced  16,571,661  bush, 
of  wheat;  212,440  of  barley ;  14,393,103  of  oats;  814,205  of  rye;  633,139  of  buckwheat ;  33,668,144 


OHI J91 OHI 

of  Indian  corn  ;  3,685,315  pounds  of  wool;  62,195  of  hops;  38,950  of  wax;  5,805,021  bushels  of 
potatoes  ;  1,022,037  tons  of  hay  ;  9,080  of  hemp  and  flax  ;  5,942,275  pounds  of  tobacco  ;  4,317  of 
silk  cocoons ;  6,363,336  of  sugar ;  the  products  of  the  dairy  were  valued  at  $1,848,869 ;  of  the 
orchard  at  $475,271 ;  of  lumber  $262,821.  There  were  made  11,524  gallons  of  wine;  and  6,809 
tons  of  pot  and  pearl  ashes. 

Salt  springs  have  been  found  on  Yellow  cr.,  in  Jefferson  county ;  on  the  waters  of  Killbuck,  in 
Wayne  county ;  on  Muskingum  river,  near  Zanesville ;  and  at  various  other  places.  Bitu- 
minous coal  is  found  in  great  quantities  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  state,  particularly  near  Massilon, 
in  Stark  county,  and  in  Tallmadge,  in  Summit  county.  This  coal  is  delivered  to  consumers  in 
Cleveland  for  15  cents  a  bushel.  Iron  ore  is  found  in  various  places,  particularly  near  Zanesville, 
and  on  Bush  cr.,  in  Adams  county. 

The  Ohio  river,  which  gives  name  to  the  state,  washes  its  entire  southern  border.  This  river  is 
908  miles  long,  from  Pittsburg  to  its  mouth,  by  its  various  windings,  though  it  is  only  614  in  a 
straight  line.  Its  current  is  gentle,  with  no  falls  excepting  at  Louisville,  Kentucky,  where  there  is 
a  descent  of  22i  feet  in  two  miles,  but  this  has  been  obviated  by  a  canal.  For  about  half  the  year 
it  is  navigable  for  steamboats  of  a  large  class  through  its  whole  course.  The  Muskingum,  the 
largest  river  which  flows  entirely  in  the  state,  is  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Tuscarawas  and 
Walholding  rivers,  and  enters  the  Ohio  at  Marietta.  It  is  navigable  for  boats  100  miles.  The 
Scioto,  the  second  river  in  magnitude  flowing  entirely  within  the  state,  is  about  200  miles  long,  and 
enters  the  Ohio  at  Portsmouth.  Its  largest  branch  is  the  Whetstone  or  Olentangy,  which  joins  it 
immediately  above  Columbus.  It  is  navigable  for  boats  130  miles.  The  Great  Miami  is  a  rapid 
river  in  the  western  part  of  the  state,  100  ms.  long,  and  enters  the  Ohio  in  the  s.  w.  corner  of  the  state. 
The  Little  Miami  has  a  course  of  70  miles,  and  enters  the  Ohio  7  miles  above  Cincinnati.  The 
Maumee  is  100  miles  long,  rises  in  Indiana,  runs  through  the  n.  w.  part  of  this  state,  and  enters 
Lake  Erie  at  Maumee  bay.  It  is  navigable  for  steamboats  to  Perrysburg,  18  miles  from  the  lake, 
and  above  the  rapids  is  boatable  for  a  considerable  distance.  The  Sandusky  rises  in  the  northern 
part  of  the  state,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  80  miles,  it  enters  Sandusky  bay,  and  thence  into 
Lake  Erie.  The  Cuyahoga  rises  in  the  n.  part  of  the  state,  and,  after  a  curved  course  of  60  miles, 
enters  Lake  Erie  at  Cleveland.  It  has  a  number  of  falls  which  furnish  valuable  mill  seats. 
Besides  these,  Huron,  Vermilion,  Black,  Grand,  and  Ashtabula  rivers  fall  into  Lake  Erie. 

Lake  Erie  borders  this  state  for  about  150  miles,  and  has  several  harbors,  among  which  the 
largest  are  made  by  Maumee  and  Sandusky  bays.  Besides  these  are  the  harbors  of  Huron,  Cleve- 
land, Fairport,  and  Ashtabula. 

Cincinnati,  on  the  Ohio,  is  much  the  largest  and  most  commercial  city  of  the  state.  Next  in 
rank  is  Cleveland,  on  Lake  Erie,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cuyahoga,  and  the  Ohio  canal.  Besides 
these,  Dayton,  Columbus,  Steubenville,  Zanesville,  Chilicothe,  Lancaster,  Newark,  Circleville,  and 
Massilon  are  flourishing  places,  with  considerable  trade. 

The  exports  of  this  state  in  1840  amounted  to  $991,954  ;  and  the  imports  to  $4,915.  There  were 
53  commercial  and  241  commission  houses  engaged  in  foreign  trade,  with  a  capital  of  $5,928,200 ; 
4,605  retail  drygoods  and  other  stores,  with  a  capital  of  $21,282,225 ;  2,891  persons  employed  in  the 
lumber  trade,  with  a  capital  of  $373,268 ;  854  persons  engaged  in  internal  transportation,  who, 
with  1,061  butchers,  packers,  &c,  employed  a  capital  of  $4,617,570. 

The  amount  of  home-made  or  family  manufactures  was  $1,853,937 ;  there  were  130  woollen 
manufactories,  and  206  fulling  mills,  producing  goods  to  the  amount  of  $685,757,  employing  935 
persons,  and  a  capital  of  $537,985  ;  8  cotton  manufactories,  with  13,754  spindles,  employing  246 
persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $139,378,  and  employing  a  capital  of  $113,500;  72  fur- 
naces produced  35,236  tons  of  cost  iron,  and  19  forges,  &c,  produced  7,466  tons  of  bar  iron,  con- 
suming 104,312  tons  of  fuel,  employing  2,268  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $1,161,900 ;  434  persons  pro- 
duced 3,513,409  bushels  of  bituminous  coal,  with  a  capital  of  $45,525 ;  14  paper  manufactories, 
employing  305  persons,  produced  articles  to  the  amount  of  $270,202,  with  a  capital  of  $208,200 ; 
31  persons  manufactured  flax,  producing  the  amount  of  $11,737,  with  a  capital  of  $242 ;  hats  and 
caps  were  manufactured  to  the  amount  of  $728,513,  and  straw  bonnets  to  the  amount  of  $3,028,  the 
whole  employing  963  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $369,637 ;  812  tanneries  employed  1,790  persons, 
with  a  capital  of  $957,333 ;  1,160  other  manufactories  of  leather,  as  saddleries,  &c,  produced 
articles  to  the  amount  of  $1,986,146,  with  a  capital  of  $917,245  ;  187  persons  manufactured  tobacco 
to  the  amount  of  $212,818,  with  a  capital  of  $68,810 ;  99  potteries  employed  199  persons,  manufac- 
turing to  the  amount  of  $89,754,  employing  a  capital  of  $43,450 ;  858  persons  produced  machinery 
to  the  value  of  $875,731 ;  289  persons  produced  hardware  and  cutlery  to  the  amount  of  $393,300 ;  70 
persons  produced  3  cannon,  and  2,450  small-arms ;  37  persons  manufactured  the  precious  metals  to 
the  amountof  $53, 125 ;  589  persons  manufactured  other  metals  to  the  amount  of  $782,901 ;  70  persons 
produced  drugs  and  paints  to  the  amount  of  $101,880,  with  a  capital  of  $126,335 ;  401  persons 
manufactured  granite  and  marble  to  the  amount  of  $256,131 ;  1,469  persons  produced  bricks  and 
lime  to  the  amount  of  $712,697 ;  13  persons,  in  2  powder  mills,  produced  222,500  pounds  of  powder 


OHI  492  OHI 

with  a  capital  of  $18,000 ;  105  persons  manufactured  3,603,036  pounds  of  soap,  2,318,456  pounds  of 
tallow  candles,  151  pounds  of  spermaceti  and  wax  candles,  employing  a  capital  of  $186,730;  390 
distilleries  produced  6,329,467  gallons,  and  59  breweries  produced  1,422,584  gallons,  the  whole  em- 
ploying 798  persons  and  a  capital  of  $893,119;  21  ropewalks,  employing  66  persons,  produced 
articles  to  the  amount  of  $89,750,  with  a  capital  of  $37,675  ;  11  persons  produced  musical  instru- 
ments to  the  amount  of  $8,454,  with  a  capital  of  $5,000 ;  1,490  persons  manufactured  carriages  and 
wagons  to  the  amount  of  $701,228,  with  a  capital  of  $290,540 ;  536  flouring  mills  produced 
1,311,954  barrels  of  flour,  and  with  other  mills  employed  4,661  persons,  producing  articles  to  the 
amount  of  $8,863,213,  with  a  capital  of  $4,931,024  ;  vessels  were  built  to  the  amount  of  $522,855; 
1,928  persons  manufactured  furniture  to  the  amount  of  $761,146,  employing  a  capital  of  $534,317  ; 
970  brick  or  stone  houses,  and  2,764  wooden  houses,  employed  6,060  persons,  and  cost  $3,776,823 ; 
159  printing  offices,  41  binderies,  9  daily,  7  semi- weekly,  and  107  weekly  newspapers,  and  20 
periodicals,  employed  1,175  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $446,720.  The  whole  amount  of  capital  em- 
ployed in  manufactures  was  $16,905,257. 

Among  the  principal  literary  institutions,  the  University  of  Ohio,  at  Athens,  was  founded  in 
1821  ;  the  Miami  University,  at  Oxford,  was  founded  in  1809.  These  institutions  have  been  endow- 
ed by  large  grants  of  lands.  The  Franklin  College,  at  New  Athens,  was  founded  in  1825 ;  the  West- 
ern Reserve  College,  at  Hudson,  was  founded  in  1826 ;  Kenyon  College,  at  Gambier,  (Episcopal,) 
was  founded  in  1826 ;  Granville  College,  at  Granville,  (Baptist,)  was  founded  in  1832  ;  Marietta  Col- 
lege, at  Marietta,  was  founded  in  1832 ;  the  Oberlin  Collegiate  Institute,  at  Oberlin,  was  founded  in 
1834 ;  Cincinnati  College,  at  Cincinnati,  was  founded  1819  ;  as  was  also  Woodward  College,  at  the 
same  place.  WTilloughby  University,  at  Willoughby,  is  a  medical  institution,  with  a  college  charter. 
Lane  Theological  Seminary,  at  Cincinnati,  was  founded  in  1829.  There  are  also  theological  depart- 
ments in  Kenyon  Western  Reserve  and  Granville  colleges,  and  in  the  Oberlin  Institute  ;  a  Lu- 
theran theological  school  at  Columbus ;  two  medical  and  one  law  school  at  Cincinnati.  At  all 
these  institutions  there  were  in  1840,  1,717  students.  There  were  in  the  state  73  academies,  with 
4,310  students;  5,186  common  and  primary  schools, with  218,609  scholars.  There  were  35,394 
white  persons  over  20  years  of  age  who  could  neither  read  nor  wTite. 

In  1836  the  Presbyterians  had  247  ministers ;  the  Methodists  had  200  ministers ;  the  Baptists 
had  170  ministers  ;  the  Lutherans  had  47  ministers ;  the  Epispopalians  had  1  bishop  and  25 
ministers;  the  German  Reformed  had  26  ministers.  Besides  these  there  are  a  considerable  num- 
ber of  Friends  and  Catholics,  and  a  few  others. 

There  were  in  this  state,  at  the  commencement  of  1840,  37  banks  and  branches,  with  an  aggre- 
gate capital  of  $10,507,521,  and  a  circulation  of  $4,607,127.  The  state  debt,  in  Sept.,  1840,  was 
$991,954.     There  is  a  state  penitentiary  at  Columbus. 

This  state  has  a  number  of  important  works  of  internal  improvement.  The  Ohio  canal  extends 
from  Cleveland,  on  Lake  Erie,  307  miles,  to  Portsmouth,  on  the  Ohio.  It  has  a  navigable  feedeF 
of  14  miles  to  Zanesville ;  one  of  10  miles  to  Columbus ;  and  1  of  9  miles  to  Lancaster ;  one  to 
Athens  of  50  miles;  the  Walholding  Branch  of  23  miles  ;  the  Eastport  Branch  of  4  miles,  and  the 
Dresden  of  2  miles.  This  great  work  was  begun  in  1825,  and  was  finished  in  1832,  at  a  cost  of 
$5,000,000.  The  Miami  canal  extends  from  Cincinnati,  178  miles,  to  Defiance,  where  it  meets  the 
Wabash  and  Erie  canal.  The  cost  was  $3,750,000.  The  whole  distance  to  Lake  Erie  is  265 
miles.  The  Warren  canal,  a  branch  of  the  above,  extends  from  Middletown,  20  miles,  to  Lebanon. 
The  Sandy  and  Beaver  canal  is  to  extend  from  the  Ohio  canal,  at  Bolivar,  76  miles,  to  Ohio  river, 
at  the  mouth  of  Little  Beaver  creek.  Cost  estimated  at  $1,500,000.  The  Mahoning  canal  extends 
from  the  Ohio  canal,  at  Akron,  88  miles,  8  of  which  are  in  Pa.,  to  Beaver  river,  at  a  cost  of 
$764,372.  Milan  canal  extends  from  Huron,  3  miles,  to  3Iilan,  to  which  steamboats  now  ascend. 
The  Mad  River  and  Sandusky  City  railroad  extends  from  Tiffin,  36  miles,  to  Sandusky  City. 
The  Ohio  railroad  extends  from  Manhattan,  40  miles,  to  Sandusky  City. 

The  governor  is  elected  by  the  people  for  2  years.  The  senators  are  chosen  biennially,  and  are 
apportioned  according  to  the  number  of  white  male  inhabitants  over  21  years  of  age.  The  num- 
ber can  never  be  less  than  one  third,  nor  more  than  one  half  of  the  number  of  the  representatives. 
The  representatives  are  apportioned  among  the  counties  according  to  the  number  of  inhabitants 
over  21 ;  and  there  can  never  be  more  than  72,  nor  less  than  36. 

The  judges  of  the  supreme  and  other  courts  are  elected  by  the  joint  ballot  of  the  legislature,  for 
the  term  of  seven  years. 

The  right  of  suffrage  is  enjoyed  by  all  white  male  inhabitants,  over  21  years  of  age,  who  have 
resided  in  the  state  one  year  next  preceding  the  election,  and  who  have  paid  or  been  assessed 
with  a  state  or  county  tax. 

The  first  permanent  English  settlement,  in  Ohio,  was  made  April  7th,  1788,  at  Marietta ;  and 
the  first  judicial  court  was  held  there  in  Sept.  of  the  same  year,  under  an  act  of  congress  passed  in 
1786.  The  next  settlement  was  that  of  Symmes's  Purchase,  6  miles  below  Cincinnati,  in  1789. 
The  next  was  made  by  French  emigrants,  at  Gallipolis,  in  1791.    The  next  was  made  on  Lake  Erie, 


OUT 


493 


OLD 


at  Cleveland  and  Conneaut,  in  17(J6,  by  emigrants  from  .V\v  England.  In  1799  the  first  territorial 
legislature  met  at  Cincinnati,  and  organized  the  government.  Early  in  1800  Connecticut  relin- 
quished her  jurisdiction  over  the  Western  Reserve,  and  received  a  title  to  the  land,  which  she  sold 
to  constitute  her  great  school  fund.  In  180*2  Ohio  formed  her  state  constitution,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  Union. 


Ohio,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  n.  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  125  square  miles.  The 
Ohio  r.  bounds  it  on  the  w.,  along  which  it  ex- 
tends 96  miles,  with  a  mean  width  of  12  miles. 
Drained  by  Wheeling  creek  and  other  small 
streams  flowing  into  the  Ohio  r.  The  surface  is 
hilly  and  broken;  soil,  fertile,  particularly  the 
alluvial  bottoms  on  the  Ohio  r.  Capital,  Wheel- 
ing. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,252, 
sheep  26,639,  swine  9,651 ;  wheat  124,996  bush, 
produced,  rye  2,276,  Ind.  corn  233,537,  buck- 
wheat 1,434,  barley  599,  oats  145,865,  potatoes 
43,086,  sugar  3,909;  bituminous  coal  l,17,s,000 
bushels:  91  stores,  cap.  $464,859;  4  furnaces,  1 
forge  ;  6  lumber  yards,  cap.  $24,490 ;  2  woollen 
fac,  1  cotton  fac.  400  sp.,  7  tanneries,  1  distillery, 

3  glass  fac,  2  potteries,  12  flouring  m.,  7  grist  m., 
11  saw  m.,  4  paper  fac,  3  printing  offices,  3 
weekly,  2  semi-weekly,  and  1  periodical  news- 
papers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $519,633.  2  acad.  90 
students,  29  schools,  999  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
12,842,  slaves  212,  free  col'd  3:)3;  total,  13,357. 

Ohio,  county,  Ky.  Centrally  situated  toward 
the  N.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  576  sq. 
ms.  Green  r.  runs  on  its  s.  border.  Drained  by 
Rough  cr.  and  its  branches,  and  Panther  creek, 
branches  of  Green  r.  Capital,  Hartford.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,028,  sheep  6,511, 
swine  25,092 ;  wheat  30,646  bushels  produced, 
rye  1,205,  Ind.  corn  240,015,  oats  42,091,  potatoes 
6,720,  tobacco  954,709  pounds  ;  17  stores,  cap. 
$70,200 :  1  cotton  fac.  3J  sp.,  4  tanneries,  3  dis- 
tilleries, 2  flouring  m.,  7  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  §13,659.  1  sch.  25  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  5,747,  slaves  823,  free  col'd  22;  total, 
6,5  J2. 

Ohio,  p-t.,  Herkimer  co.,  N.  Y.,  103  n.  w.  Al- 
bany, 423  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  well 
adapted  to  grass.  Drained  by  West  Canada  cr. 
and  its  branches.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $300 ;  5 
saw  rn.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,100.  6  sch.  231 
scholars.    Pop.  692. 

Ohio,  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  11  n.  w.  Pitts- 
burg. The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  loam  and  allu- 
vion. Ohio  r.  runs  on  its  s.  w.  border.  Drained 
by  Great  and  Little  Sewickly  creeks,  and  Jones's 
and  Hawser's  runs,  which  flow  w.  into  the  Ohio. 
It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $2,303 ;  1  tannery,  4  grist  m., 
7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,100.  2  acad.  71 
students,  9  sch.  302  scholars.     Pop.  1,631. 

Ohio,  t.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  10  s.  w.  Beaver. 
The  surface  is  rolling;  soil,  loam  and  rich  allu- 
vion. Watered  by  Little  Beaver  cr.  flowing  into 
Ohio  r.  at  its  s.  w.  angle.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$7,390 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  m 
manufac.  $5,200.  7  sch.  229  scholars.  Pop. 
1,273.       . 

Ohio,  t.,  Clermont  co.,  O.  It  has  14  stores, 
cap.  $18,000;  3  lumber  yards,  cap.  $1,423;  1 
woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  4  grist  m., 

4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $44,610.  6  sch. 
275  scholars.     Pop.  2,895. 

Ohio,  t.,  Gallia  co.,  O.  The  Ohio  r.  runs  on  its 
E.  and  s.  border.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $2,000 ;  1 
forge,  1  tannery.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $200.  Pop.  424. 

Ohio,  t.,  Warwick  co.,  la.  It  has  3  sch.  100 
scholars.     Pop.  690. 

Ohio,  t.,  Boone  co.,  111.  It  has  1  sch.  30  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  143. 

Ohio  City,  Brooklyn  t.,  Cuyahoga  county,  O., 


145  n.  n.  e.  Columbus,  369  W.  Situated  on  Lake 
Erie,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cuyahoga  r.,  opposite 
to  Cleveland.  The  ground  on  which  it  stands  u 
uneven,  and  presents  many  fine  situations,  which 
overlook  the  lake,  the  city  of  Cleveland,  and  sur- 
rounding country.  It  has  an  elegant  Episcopal,  a 
Presbyterian,  and  other  churches,  a  considerable 
number  of  fine  stores  and  neat  buildings.  A 
bridge  crosses  the  Cuyahoga  a  little  above  the 
place,  and  a  floating  bridge  and  ferry  connect  it 
with  Cleveland.  It  contains  a  large  iron  foundry, 
and  a  number  of  mechanic  shops.  The  harbor, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Cuyahoga,  it  has  in  common 
with  Cleveland.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $13,500  ;  7 
com'n  houses,  cap.  $2,000 ;  2  furnaces.  Pop.  1,577. 

Ohiopyle  Falls,  Pa.,  is  a  cataract  in  the 
Youghiogeny  r.,  at  the  head  of  boat  navigation, 
where  it  passes  Laurel  Hill,  60  ms.  above  its 
junction  with  the  Monongahela.  The  river  has 
a  perpendicular  fall  of  about  20  feet,  and  a  total 
descent  of  60  feet  in  the  space  of  a  mile. 

Ohioville,  p-v.,  Ohio  t.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  243 
w.  by  n.  Harrisburg,  269  W.  It  contains  2 
stores  and  30  dwellings. 

Ohls  Town,  p-o.,  Trumbull  co.,  O. 

Oil,  creek,  Pa.,  enters  Alleghany  r.,  8  miles 
E.  Franklin.  On  its  bank,  near  the  boundary 
between  Venango  and  Crawford  counties,  is  a 
spring,  on  the  surface  of  which  floats  an  oil, 
which  has  valuable  medicinal  properties,  from 
which  the  cr.  derives  its  name. 

Oil  Creek,  p  t.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  227  n.  w. 
by  w.  Harrisburg,  303  W.  Drained  by  Oil  cr. 
and  its  branches.  It  has  6  stores,  6  sch.  80 
scholars.     Pop.  733. 

Oil  Spring,  p-o.,  Cuba  t.,  Alleghany  co., 
N.  Y.,  280  w.  by  s.  Albany,  320  W. 

Okkuddo,  county,  Mich.  Situated  centrally 
in  the  n.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  576  sq. 
ms.  Drained  by  head  waters  of  Au  Sable  and 
Cheboygan  rivers.     It  is  unorganized. 

Oktibbeha,  county,  Miss.  Situated  n.  e.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  625  sq.  ms. 
Oktibbeha  r.  crosses  its  n.  e.  corner,  and  Runa- 
way cr.  its  s.  w.  corner.  Capital,  Starksville. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,447,  sheep  764, 
swine  10,042 ;  wheat  2,475  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  153,990,  oats  16,061,  potatoes  10,893,  tobacco 
l,lJ09  pounds,  cotton  1,834,444;  4  stores,  cap. 
$36,290;  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$24,000.  13  sch.  247  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
2,064,  slaves  2,197,  free  col'd  15;  total,  4,276. 

Olantangy,  p-o.,  Crawford  co.,  O.,  63  n.  Co- 
lumbus, 400  W. 

Olcott,  p-v.,  New  Fane  t.,  Niagara  co.,  N. 
Y.,  284  w.  by  n.  Albany  414  W.  Situated  on 
Lake  Ontario,  at  the  mouth  of  Eighteen  Mile  cr., 
and  contains  6  stores,  1  forwarding  house,  and 
about  60  dwellings  and  400  inhabitants.  It  has 
a  good  harbor.  Large  salmon  trout  are  taken  in 
great  numbers  near  this  place. 

Old  Bridge,  p-v.,  North  Berwick  I.,  Middle- 
sex co.,  N.  J.,  34  n.  E.  Trenton,  200  W.  It  con- 
tains 6  or  8  dwellings. 

Old  Church,  p-o.,  Hanover  co.,  Va.,  15  n. 
Richmond,  129  W.  nn       __ 

Old  Church,  p-o.,  Burke  co.,  Ga.,  90  e.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  612  W.  ' 

Old  Court  House,  p-o.,  Bryan  co.,  Ga.,  12j 
s.  e.  MilleJgeville,  679  W. 


OLD 


494 


OME 


Old  Codorus,  t.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  10  s.  w.  York. 
The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  gravelly  and  indif- 
ferent. Drained  by  Codorus  cr.  and  its  branches. 
It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $13,000;  1  tannery,  28  dis- 
tilleries, 5  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$26,625      3  sch.  (J7  scholars.     Pop.  1,131. 

Old  Fort,  p-o.,  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  77  n.  w.  Har- 
risburg, 169  W. 

Old  Fort,  p-o.,  Burke  co.,  N.  C,  232  w.  Ra- 
leigh, 462  W. 

Oldham,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  220  sq.  ms.  The  Ohio 
r.  runs  on  its  n.  w.  border.  Drained  by  the  head 
branches  of  Floyd's  Fork  of  Salt  r.,  Harrod's  cr., 
and  other  small  creeks  which  flow  into  the  Ohio 
r.  Capital,  La  Grange.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  5,803,  sheep  9,762,  swine  19,144; 
wheat  87,846  bush,  produced,  rye  2,967,  Ind.  corn 
419,927,oats  72,761,  potatoes  8,163,  tobacco  162,078 
pounds,  sugar  2,191;  14  stores,  cap.  $54,900;  2 
tanneries,  16  distilleries,  1  pottery,  3  flouring  m., 
11  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $51,165. 
1  acad.  20  students,  14  sch.  320  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  4,858,  slaves  2,377,  free  col'd  145 ;  total, 
7,380. 

Old  Hickory,  p-o.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  163  n. 
Harrisburg,  272  W. 

Old  Hickory,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  O.,  104  n.  e. 
Columbus,  347  W. 

Old  Jefferson,  p-v.,  Saline  co.,  Mo.,  83  n.  w. 
Jefferson  City,  988  W. 

Old  Mans,  v.,  Brookhaven  t.,  Suffolk  co.,  N. 
Y.  Situated  around  the  head  of  Old  Man's  har- 
bor, and  contains  about  20  dwellings. 

Old  Mines,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Mo.,  112  s. 
E.  Jefferson  City,  872  W. 

Old  Point  Comfort,  p-o.,  Elizabeth  City  co., 
Va.,  97  e.  s.  e.  Richmond,  212  W.  It  is  called 
also  Fortress  Monroe,  and  constitutes  the  N.  point 
at  the  entrance  of  James  r.,  3  ms.  distant  from 
Willoughby  point,  the  s.  entrance.  The  fort  is 
on  the  point,  a  mile  from  Fort  Calhoun,  on  the 
Rip  Raps,  which  2  forts  command  the  entrance 
of  the  r.  The  beach  is  much  resorted  to  in  the 
summer  for  sea-bathing,  and  has  a  commodious 
hotel  near  the  fort. 

Old  Salem,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Tenn.,  276 
E.  Nashville,  478  W.  Situated  on  Little  Lime- 
stone cr.,  11  ms.  s.  w.  Jonesboro'. 

Old  Town,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  80  n.  e. 
Augusta,  675  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Pe- 
nobscot r.,  and  contains  a  part  of  Marthas  island, 
in  the  r.  This  t.  contains  a  settlement  of  the 
Penobscot  Indians,  on  an  island  situated  in  the 
Penobscot  r.,  commonly  called  Indian  Old  Town. 
The  remnant  of  this  tribe  consists  of  about  95 
families  and  360  individuals.  They  receive  a 
considerable  annuity  from  the  state,  for  lands 
which  they  have  sold.  They  have  a  small  Ro- 
man Catholic  church,  and  a  considerable  number 
of  small  dwellings  for  themselves.  The  island 
is  fertile,  and  they  cultivate  corn  and  vegetables. 
Many  shad  are  taken  here  in  the  spring  of  the 
year.  There  are  in  the  t.  11  stores,  cap.  $25,850 ; 
1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  35  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $351,000.  8  sch.  629  scholars.  Pop.  2,342. 
Old  Town,  p-v.,  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  191  n. 
w.  Annapolis,  124  W.  Situated  on  the  Potomac 
r.,  14  ms.  below  Cumberland. 

Old  Town,  p-v.,  Stokes  co.,  N.  C,  115  w.  n. 
w.  Raleigh,  326  W. 

Old  Town,  p-v.,  Philip's  co.,  Ark.  Situated 
w.  of  the  Mississippi  r.  There  are  many  curious 
remains  in  the  vicinity. 

Old  Town,  p-v.,  Claiborne  co.,  Tenn.,  224  E. 
by  n.  Nashville,  496  W. 
Old  Town,  p-o.,  Greenup  co.,  Ky.,  137  e.  by 


n.  Frankfort,  431  W.    Situated  on  Old  Town  cr. 
at  its  entrance  into  Little  Sandy  r. 

Olean,  p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.  Y.,  293  w.  by 
s.  Albany,  307  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
broken ;  soil,  sandy  loam,  generally  covered  with 
a  dense  pine  forest.  Watered  by  Alleghany  r. 
and  its  tributaries.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  n. 
side  of  Alleghany  r.,  at  the  termination  of  the 
Genesee  Valley  canal.  It  contains  1  Presby- 
terian and  1  Episcopal  church,  8  stores,  1  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.,  1  tannery,  about  109  dwellings,  and 
600  inhabitants.  Lumber  is  exported  to  a  large 
amount  down  Alleghany  r.  to  the  Ohio.  There 
are  in  the  t.  5  stores,  cap.  $23,000  ;  1  tannery,  1 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,550.  2 
sch.  100  scholars.     Pop.  633. 

Oleander,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  Ala.,  128  n.  n.  e., 
Tuscaloosa,  719  W. 

Olemon,  p-v.,  Greenbush  t.,  Penobscot  co., 
Me.,  98  n.  E.  Augusta,  693  W.  Situated  on  the 
Olemon  r.,  at  its  entrance  into  the  Penobscot  r. 

Olena,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  111.,  112  n.  w.  Spring- 
field, 858  W. 

Oley,  p-t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  62  e.  Harrisburg, 
155  W.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  calcareous 
loam,  highly  cultivated.  Watered  by  the  head 
branches  of  Manatawny  and  Manookisy  creeks. 
It  contains  2  churches — 1  German  Presbyterian 
and  1  Lutheran;  5  stores,  cap.  $16,500;  2  fur- 
naces, 3  forges,  2  tanneries,  2  paper  m.,  6  grist 
m.,  8  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,500. 
Pop.  1,877. 

Olive,  p-t.,  Ulster  co.,  N.  Y.,  72  s.  s.  w.  Alba- 
ny, 326  W  The  surface  is  generally  uneven, 
and  on  the  w.  mountainous  ;  soil,  gravel  and  clay 
loam.  Drained  by  Esopus  cr.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $7,000 ;  1  woollen  fac,  3  tanneries,  2  grist 
m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $21,050  ;  9  sch. 
305  scholars.    Pop.  2,023. 

Olive,  p-t.,  Morgan  co.,  O.,  96  e.  by  s.  Colum- 
bus, 310  W.  It  contains  the  v.  of  Sharon.  There 
are  in  the  t.  4  stores,  cap.  $5,600 ;  4  tanneries,  1 
distillery,  1  pottery,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1  oil  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,960.  8  sch.  247  scholars. 
Pop.  1,652. 

Olive,  p-o.,  McMinn  co.,  Tenn.,  159  e.  s.  e. 
Nashville,  566  W. 

Olive,  t.,  Meigs  co.,  O.  Watered  by  Shade 
r.  and  its  branches.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $4,400 ; 
1  tannery,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,000. 
7  sch.  141  scholars.     Pop.  743. 

Olive  Grove,  p-o.,  Decatur  co.,  Ga.,  241  s.  s. 
w.  Milledgeville,  888  W. 

Olive  Hill,  p-o.,  Carter  co.,  Ky.,  116  e.  Frank- 
fort, 444  W. 

Oliver,  t.,  Mifflin  co.,  Pa.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $9,000 ;  1  woollen  fac,  1  furnace,  1  forge,  3 
grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $21,420. 
10  sch.  323  scholars.    Pop.  1,907. 

Oliver,  t.,  Perry  co.,  Pa.  It  has  5  stores,  cap. 
$18,500 ;  1  woollen  fac,  1  furnace,  1  tannery,  3 
grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $19,750. 
Pop.  796. 

Oliver's,  p-o.,  Anderson  co.,  Tenn.,  162  e. 
Nashville,  527  W. 

Oliversburg,  p-v.,  Milton  t.,  Richland  co.,  O., 
73  n.  by  e.  Columbus,  374  W.  Situated  on  the 
E.  side  of  Whetstone  r.  It  has  2  stores,  1  grist 
m.,  and  about  20  dwellings. 

Oliver's  Prairie,  p-o.,  Newton  co.,  Mo. 

Olmstead,  t.,  Cuyahoga  co.,  O.  It  was  former- 
ly called  Lenox.  It  has  3  tanneries,  2  grist  m., 
9  saw  m.  Cap  in  manufac.  $500.  6  sch.  355 
scholars.     Pop.  659. 

Olney,  p-v.,  capital  of  Richland  co.,  111.  Sit- 
uated on  the  E.  side  of  Little  Wabash  r. 

Omer,  p-v.,  Villenova  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  N.  Y., 


ONE 


495 


ONO 


187  n.  w.  Albany,  437  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
branch  of  Connewango  cr.,  and  contains  2 
churches,  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  fulling 
m.,  about  25  dwellings,  and  150  inhabitants. 

Omega,  p-o.,  Pike  co.,  O.,  64  s.  Columbus,  411 
W. 

Ompompanoosuc,  r.,  Vt.,  rises  in  the  n.  w.  part 
of  Vershire  t.,  and  enters  Connecticut  r.  in  the 
N.  E.  part  of  Norwich.  It  is  about  20  ms.  long, 
and  affords  good  water  power. 

Onancock,  p-v.,  Accomac  co.,  Va.,  185  E.  by 
N.  Richmond,  205  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  shore 
of  Chesapeake  bay,  at  the  entrance  of  Onancock 
inlet,  8  s.  w.  by  w.  Drummondtown. 

Onecho,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn.,  30  n. 
W.  Nashville,  714  W. 

Oneco,  p-o.,  Stephenson  co.,  111.,  222  n.  Spring- 
field, 842  W. 

Oneida  Lake,  N.  Y.,  borders  on  Oneida,  Mad- 
ison, Onondaga,  and  Oswego  counties.  It  is  22 
ms.  long  and  from  4  to  6  broad.  It  receives 
Wood,  Oneida,  Chittenango  creeks,  and  other 
small  streams.  It  abounds  with  fine  fish.  Its 
outlet  flows  into  Oswego  r. 

One ida,  cr.,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Madison  co.,  and 
flows  into  Oneida  lake.  It  is  navigable  3  ms.,  to 
Oneida  Castle  v.  It,  affords  good  water  power, 
and  is  employed  as  a  feeder  to  the  Erie  canal. 

Oneida,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  n.  e.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,101  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  diversified  by  gentle  hills  and 
well  cultivated  valleys ;  soil,  very  productive, 
adapted  to  grain.  Drained  by  black  and  Mohawk 
rivers,  and  their  tributaries,  and  by  Oriskany, 
Sadaquada,  Fish,  Wood,  and  Oneida  creeks.  It 
contains  potters'  clay,  iron  ore,  gypsum,  water 
limestone,  peat,  and  marl.  The  Erie  canal,  with 
the  Chenango  canal,  and  the  line  of  western 
railroads,  pass  through  it.  Capitals,  Utica,  Rome, 
and  Whitesboro'.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 92,669,  sheep  177,070,  swine  66,543 ;  wheat 
235,159  bush,  produced,  rye  6,064,  Ind.  corn 
364,075,  buckwheat  30,210,  barley  9S,331,  oats 
657,952,  potatoes  1,574,109,  hops  33,724  pounds, 
sugar  286,502 ;  2  commercial  and  3  commission 
houses,  cap.  $58,000 ;  332  stores,  cap.  $2,684,575 ; 
5  lumber  yards,  cap.  $55,400 ;  14  furnaces,  1 
forge,  40  fulling  m.,  23  woollen  fac,  13  cotton 
fac.  37,316  sp.,  2  dyeing  and  printing  establish- 
ments, 61  tanneries,  2  rope  fac,  11  distilleries,  4 
breweries,  3  glass  fac,  2  potteries,  5  flouring  m., 
57  grist  m.,  243  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.,  6  paper  fac,  9 
printing  offices,  9  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $2,829,376.  2  colleges,  190  students, 
24  acad.  2,035  students,  441  sch.  20,166  scholars. 
Pop.  85,310. 

Oneida,  p-t.,  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  130  w.  by  n. 
Detroit,  600  W.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $3,000.    Pop.  265. 

Oneida  Castle,  p-v.,  Vernon  t.,  Oneida  co., 
N.  Y.,  113  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  366  W.  Situated 
on  both  sides  of  Oneida  cr.  Incorporated  in 
1841.  It  contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Baptist 
church,  2  stores,  about  60  dwellings,  and  400  in- 
habitants. 

Oneida  Depot,  p-o.,  Verona  t,  Madison  co., 
N.  Y.  Situated  on  the  Syracuse  and  Utica  rail- 
road, and  contains  a  few  dwellings. 

Oneida  Lake,  p-o.,  Lenox  t.,  Madison  co.,  N. 
Y.,  123  w.  N.  w.  Albany,  372  W. 

Oneida  r.,  N.  Y.,  forms  the  outlet  of  Oneida 
lake.  After  running  w.  in  a  circuitous  course,  it 
unites  with  Seneca  r.  to  form  Oswego  r. 

Oneonta,  p-t,  Otsego  co.,  N.  Y.,  20  s.  Coop- 
erstown,  79  w.  Albany,  349  W.  The  surface  is 
somewhat  broken,  with  fertile  flats  along  the 
streams.    Watered  by  Susquehanna  r.  and  its 


The 


18 

contains    3 


branches,  Charlotte  r.  and  Otego  cr 
situated  on  Susquehanna  r.,  and 
churches,  10  stores,  1  woollen  fac,  1  iron  foundry, 
1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  distillery,  90 
dwellings,  and  about  500  inhabitants.  There  are 
in  the  t.  8  stores,  cap.  $20,000 ;  2  furnaces,  1 
fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper,  2  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac $23,790.  1  acad.  35  students,  13  sch.  555 
scholars.    Pop.  1,936. 

Onion,  r.  Vt.,  rises  by  several  small  streams 
in  Cabot,  and  flows  s.  and  s.  w.  to  Montpelier, 
where  it  receives  a  large  branch,  and  thence  flows 
northwesterly,  until  it  enters  Lake  Champlain, 
5  ms.  n.  of  Burlington  v.  From  Montpelier,  it 
passes  the  Green  mountain  range,  which  towers 
precipitously  on  each  side,  with  barely  sufficient 
space  on  its  margin  at  some  places  for  the  road 
which  forms  the  only  easy  passage  through  these 
mountains.  This  r.  has  falls,  which  afford  good 
water  power.  The  narrow  valley  through  which 
this  r.  passes,  subjects  it,  at  times,  to  great  and 
sudden  rises. 

Ono,  p-o.,  Edgar  co.,  111.,  120  e.  Springfield, 
671  W. 

Onondaga  Lake,  N.  Y.,  situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  Onondaga  co.,  is  8  ms.  long,  and  from  2 
to  4  broad,  and  is  famous  for  the  salt  springs 
which  are  found  on  its  borders,  though  its  own 
waters  are  fresh. 

Onondaga,  county,  N.  Y.  Centrally  situated 
toward  the  n.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  711 
sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  level  on  the  n.,  and 
moderately  hilly  s.  The  soil  is  a  fertile  calcare- 
ous loam.  It  contains  Oneida,  Skeneatles  and 
Otisco  lakes,  and  has  Oneida  lake  on  its  n.  e. 
border.  Drained  by  Oneida  and  Seneca  rivers, 
which  unite  and  form  Oswego  r.  The  brine 
springs  of  this  co.  are  owned  by  the  state,  and 
yield  a  large  revenue.  In  the  villages  of  Sa- 
lina,  Syracuse,  Liverpool  and  Geddes,  which  are 
near  together.,  there  were  produced  in  1840, 
2,622,335  bushels  of  salt,  yielding  a  revenue  to 
the  state  of  $162,404.  The  Erie  canal  passes 
through  the  co.,  and  the  Oswego  canal  extends 
from  Syracuse  to  Lake  Ontario.  The  great 
western  railroad  also  passes  through  it.  Capital, 
Salina.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  46,020, 
sheep  159,650,  swine  61,733;  wheat  655,799 
bush,  produced,  rye  3,593,  Ind.  corn  401,303, 
buckwheat  14,420,  barley  384,615,  oats  533,762, 
potatoes  800,317,  sugar  178,520  pounds;  264 
stores,  cap.  $1,082,300;  5  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$19,700 ;  2,864,634  bush,  of  domestic  salt ;  1  fur- 
nace, 23  fulling  m.,  10  woollen  fac,  3  cotton  fac. 
3,792  sp.,  43  tanneries,  7  distilleries,  1  brewery,  23 
flouring  m.,  29  grist  m.,  1 14  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  2  paper 
fac,  6  printing  offices,  1  periodical,  1  daily,  5 
weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,402,305. 
12  acad.  1,532  students,  333  sch.  17,870  scholars. 
Pop.  67,911. 

Onondaga,  p-t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N.  Y.,  5  s. 
Syracuse,  133  w.  by  n.  Albany,  346  W.  The 
surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  a  fertile  clay  loam.  Drain- 
ed by  Onondaga  cr.  The  v.  contains  1  Presby- 
terian and  1  Episcopal  church,  2  stores,  50 
dwellings,  and  about  300  inhabitants.  The  situ- 
ation is  elevated,  commanding  a  fine  prospect. 
There  are  in  the  t.  I  acad.  224  students,  35  sch. 
1,748  scholars.    Pop.  5,653. 

Onondaga,  p-o.,  Ingham  co.,  Mich.,  96  w.  by 
N.  Detroit,  582  W. 

Onondaga,  p-o.,  Marshall  co.,  la.,  122  n.  Indi- 
anapolis, 641  W. 

Onondaga  Hollow,  p-v.,  Onondaga  t,  Onon- 
daga co.,  N.  Y,  4  s.  Syracuse,  131  w.  by  n. 
Albany,  344  W.     It  contains  1  Presbyterian  and 


ONT 


493 


ORA 


1  Methodist  church,  an  academy,  3  stores,  J 
flouring  m.,  1  plaster  m.,  100  dwellings,  and  about 
800  inhabitants.  Three  ms.  s.  are  the  remains 
of  the  tribe  of  Onondaga  Indians,  amounting  to 
the  number  of  350  persons. 

Onslow  Bav,  N.  C,  a  name  given  to  a  por- 
tion of  the  Atlantic,  between  Cape  Fear  and 
Cape  Lookout,  where  the  shore  has  a  considera- 
ble curve  inward,  along  which,  at  a  distance  from 
it  of  from  1  to  2  ms.,  stretches  a  chain  of  nar- 
row, long  and  low  islands,  with  shallow  inlets 
between  them. 

Onslow,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the  s.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  720  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  low  and  level.  Drained  by  New  r. 
and  its  branches.  Capital,  Onslow  C.  H.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,003,  sheep  5,161, 
swine  23,128;  wheat  2,117  bush,  produced,  rye 
1,556,  Ind.  corn  223,759,  oats  8,126,  potatoes 
74,924,  rice  4,411  pounds,  cotton  218,104 ;  4  stores, 
cap.  $35,000  ;  3  flouring  m.,  18  grist  m.,  10  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,825.  3  sch.  71  schol- 
ars. Pop.  whites  4,675,  slaves  2,739,  free  col'd 
113;  total,  7,527. 

Onslow,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Onslow  co.,  N. 
C,  145  s.  e.  Raleigh,  372  W.  Situated  on  the  e. 
side  of  New  r.  It  contains  a  court  house  and  a 
few  dwellings. 

Ontario  Lake,  N.  Y.  The  easternmost  of  the 
great  chain  of  lakes  of  North  America.  It  re- 
ceives the  waters  of  the  upper  lakes  through 
Niagara  r.,  and  discharges  its  waters  through 
the  St.  Lawrence  r.  into  the  Atlantic,  which  is 
nearly  1,000  ms.  distant  from  it.  It  is  about  190 
ms.  long,  55  wide,  and  480  ms.  in  circumference. 
The  middle  of  it  forms  the  boundary  between 
the  United  States  and  Canada.  It  is  navigable 
throughout  its  whole  extent  for  vessels  of  the 
largest  class,  and  is  in  some  places  more  than 
600  feet  deep.  The  surface  is  334  feet  lower 
than  Lake  Erie,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
the  Welland  canal  in  Canada,  and  the  Niagara 
r.  Many  vessels  and  steamboats  are  employed 
upon  it,  and  so  great  is  its  depth  that  it  rarely 
freezes  in  the  winter,  excepting  in  shallow  places 
near  the  shore.  It  has  several  important  places 
on  its  shores,  as  Kingston,  Toronto,  Niagara  and 
Coburg,  in  Canada  ;  and  Oswego,  Sackett's  Har- 
bor, and  Port  Genesee  or  Charlotte,  in-the  United 
States.  The  Oswego  and  Erie  canals,  and  Hud- 
son r.,  connect  it  with  the  Atlantic.  Much  of 
the  trade  of  New  York  with  the  west  passes 
through  it,  by  the  Oswego  and  Welland  canals. 

Ontario,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  centrally 
in  the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  617  sq. 
ms.  The  surface  is  various  ;  the  soil  is  generally 
a  fertile  loam.  It  has  Canandaigua  lake  in  the 
centre,  Seneca  lake  on  the  e.,  and  Candia, 
Honeoye,  and  Hemlock  lakes  on  the  w.  The 
outlet  of  Canandaigua  lake  flows  into  Seneca  r. 
The  lakes  further  w.  discharge  their  waters  into 
Genesee  r.  Iron  ore,  gypsum,  and  marl,  are 
found  abundantly.  It  contains  a  spring,  which 
omits  earburetted  hydrogen,  or  inflammable  gas, 
and  some  sulphur  springs.  The  Erie  canal 
touches  its  n.  border,  and  the  Auburn  and  Ro- 
chester railroad  passes  through  it.  Capital,  Can- 
andaigua. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  34,300, 
sheep  172,190,  swine  46,837 ;  wheat  770,235  bush, 
produced,  rye  6,162,  Indian  corn  246,018,  buck- 
wheat 16,961,  barley  117,060,  oats  462,266,  pota- 
toes 395,844,  sugar  183,273  pounds ;  136  stores, 
cap.  $535,500;  5  lumber  yards,  cap.  $5,300;  27 
fulling  m.,  10  woollen  fac,  20  tanneries,  14  distil- 
leries, 3  breweries,  3  potteries,  23  flouring  m.,  35 
grist  m.,  92  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  paper  fac,  6  print- 
ing offices,  3  binderies,  4  weekly  newspapers. 


Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,043,535.  1  college,  146  stu- 
dents, 18  acad.  1,372  students,  242  sch.  12,427 
scholars.     Pop.  43.500. 

Ontario,  p-t ,  Wayne  co.,  N.  Y.,  22  w.  Lyons, 
205  w.  by  n.  Albany,  362  W.  The  surface  is 
level ;  soil,  gravelly  and  sandy  loam.  Drained 
by  small  streams  flowing  into  Lake  Ontario, 
which  bounds  it  on  the  n.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$2,000;  1  furnace,  1  forge,  1  grist  m.,  11  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,600.  10  sch.  423  scholars. 
Pop.  1,889. 

Ontario,  p-o.,  Richland  co.,  O.,  60  n.  by  e. 
Columbus,  385  W. 

Ontwa,  t.,  Cass  co.,  Mich.  It  has  6  stores, 
cap.  $37,000 ;  1  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $3,857.     1  sch.  63  scholars.     Pop.  543. 

Onward,  p-o.,  Stewart  co.,  Tenn.,  88  w.  n.  w. 
Nashville,  769  W. 

Oostenaula,  r.,  Tenn.  and  Ga.,  rises  in  Ten- 
nessee, and,  flowing  s.,  it  unites  with  the  Etowah 
r.  to  form  the  Coosa  r.  It  is  the  northernmost 
stream  e.  of  the  Mississippi  which  flows  into  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Oostenaula,  p-o.,  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn.,  140  s. 
e.  Nashville,  596  W. 

Opellikau,  p-o.,  Russell  co.,  Ala.,  171  e.  s.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  784  W. 

Opelousas,  p-v.,  capital  of  St.  Landry  par., 
La.,  217  w.  n.  w.  New  Orleans,  1,242  W.  Situ- 
ated on  a  branch  of  Teche  r.  It  is  surrounded 
by  a  level  and  pleasant  country.  It  contains 
Franklin  College,  founded  in  1839.  It  has  a 
president,  3  professors,  or  other  instructors,  and 
70  students.  The  commencement  is  on  the  1st 
of  November.  It  contains  a  court  house,  a  U.  S. 
land  office,  3  stores,  and  about  500  inhabitants. 

Oporta,  p-o.,  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich.,  135  w.  s. 
w.  Detroit,  583  W. 

Oppenheim,  p-t.,  Fulton  co.,  N.  Y.,  64  n.  w. 
Albany,  402  W.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly; 
soil,  various.  East  Canada  cr.  bounds  it  on  the 
w.  Drained  by  several  streams,  which  flow  into 
Mohawk  r.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,300 ;  3  tan- 
neries, 17  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$16,100;  13  sch.  601  scholars.     Pop.  2,169. 

Oquawka,  p-v.,  capital  of  Henderson  co.,  111., 
133  n.  w.  Springfield,  863  W.  Situated  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  r.,  and  contains  a  few 
stores  and  dwellings. 

Oran,  p-v.,  Pompey  t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N.  Y.,  1 19 
w.  by  n.  Albany,  348  W.  It  contains  1  church, 
1  store,  20  dwellings,  and  about  125  inhabitants. 

Orange,  county,  Vt.  Situated  in  the  E.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  650  sq.  ms.  Organized 
in  1781.  The  n.  w.  part  is  mountainous,  lying 
on  the  e.  range  of  the  Green  mountains.  The 
rocks  in  the  n.  and  central  part  are  chiefly  gran- 
ite. A  range  of  argillaceous  slate  extends  through 
the  w.  part.  Large  quantities  of  sulphuret  of 
iron  are  found  in  Strafford,  and  some  lead  ore 
in  Thetford.  Connecticut  r.  bounds  it  on  the  e. 
Drained  by  Ompompanoosuc  and  Wait's  rivers, 
and  by  branches  of  White  r.  Capital,  Chelsea. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  36,853,  sheep 
156,053,  swine  22,516 ;  wheat  69,565  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  11,933,  Indian  corn  120,543,  buck- 
wheat 30,144,  barley  5,265,  oats  245,878,  potatoes 
1,055,379,  sugar  420,639  pounds ;  60  stores,  cap. 
$208,200 ;  22  fulling  m.,  5  woollen  fac,  26  tan- 
neries, 33  grist  m.,  109  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.,  2  paper 
fac,  1  printing  office.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $294,360. 
6  acad.  994  students,  267  schools  9,622  scholars. 
Pop.  27,873. 

Orange,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  in  the  s.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  760  sq.  miles.  A 
part  of  it  is  mountainous,  having  Shawangunk 
mountains  in  the  w.  part,  and  the  Highlands  in 


ORA 


497 


ORA 


the  s.  e.  The  remainder  consists  of  gentle  hills, 
and  pleasant  and  fertile  valleys.  The  soil  is 
productive,  and  particularly  adapted  to  grazing. 
It  is  celebrated  for  its  fine  dairies,  and  Orange 
county  butter  is  universally  known  and  highly 
valued  in  the  New  York  market.  Drained  by 
Delaware  r.  and  its  tributaries  in  the  w.,  Wall- 
kill  in  the  centre,  and  Hudson  r.  bounds  it  on  the 
E.  The  Delaware  and  Hudson  canal  crosses  its 
w.  part,  and  the  New  York  and  Erie  railroad  is 
finished  and  in  operation,  45  ms.,  from  Piermont, 
on  Hudson  r.,  to  Goshen.  Capitals,  Goshen  and 
Newburgh.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
54,799,  sheep  50,218,  swine  47,034  ;  wheat  94,774 
bushels  produced,  rye  326.668,  Ind.  corn  410,194, 
buckwheat  112,883,  barley  1,879,  oats  417,70], 
potatoes  359,563,  hops  1,845  pounds  ;  value  of  the 
products  of  the  dairy,  $669,866;  471  stores,  cap. 
$1,191,295;  21  lumber  yards,  cap.  $85,000;  3 
furnaces,  14  fulling  m.,  13  woollen  fac,  2  cotton 
fac.  3,520  sp.,  28  tanneries,  41  distilleries,  1  brew- 
ery, 3  potteries,  4  flouring  m.,  58  grist  m.,  100 
saw  m.,  4  paper  fac,  6  printing  offices,  1  bindery, 
2  periodicals,  5  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $1,515,415.  21  acad.  1,409  students, 
170  sch.  8,727  scholars.  Pop.  50,739. 
Orange,  county,  Va.    Situated  in  the  central 

Silt  of  the  state,  and  contains  380  square  miles, 
apidan  r.  runs  on  its  n.  border.  Drained  by 
branches  of  North  Anna  and  Rivanna  rivers. 
The  surface  is  hilly;  soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Or- 
ange C.  H.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
7,399,  sheep  10,703,  swine  15,026  ;  wheat  97,747 
bush,  produced,  rye  8,420,  Indian  corn  394,784, 
buckwheat  114,  oats  91,671,  potatoes  20,897,  to- 
bacco 416,335  pounds,  cotton  2,061;  15  stores, 
cap.  $95,300  ;  8  smelting  houses,  producing  gold 
to  the  amount  of  $84,000 ;  7  tanneries,  6  flouring 
m.,  24  grist  m.,  20  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$115,600,  5  acad.  41  students,  26  sch.  347  schol- 
ars. Pop.  whites  3,575,  slaves  5,364,  free  col'd 
186;  total,  9,125. 

Orange,  county,  N.  C.  Centraliy  situated 
toward  the  n.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,300 
sq.  ms.  Drained  by  branches  of  Neuse  and  Haw 
rivers.  Capital,  Hillsboro'.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  9,507,  sheep  46,340,  swine  23,131 ; 
wheat  87,579  bush,  produced,  rye  2,643,  Indian 
corn  383,426,  oats  81,613,  potatoes  14,847,  tobac- 
co 262,882  pounds,  cotton  253,437 ;  12  stores,  cap. 
$72,000;  3  cotton  fac.  2,360  sp.,  11  tanneries,  11 
distilleries,  1  pottery,  18  flouring  m.,  27  grist  m., 
25  saw  m.,  3  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $102,880. 
5  acad.  209  students,  7  sch.  157  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  16,771,  slaves  6,954,  free  col'd  613  ;  total, 
21,356. 

Orange,  county,  la.  Centrally  situated  to- 
ward the  s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  400  sq. 
ms.  Drained  by  Lost  r.,  and  Lick  and  Patoka 
creeks,  which  afford  good  water  power.  The 
surface  is  hilly  and  broken.  The  macadamized 
road  from  New  Albany  to  Vincennes  is  located 
through  the  co.  Capital,  Paoli.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  7,508,  sheep  15,678,  swine 
22,230;  wheat  140,864  bush,  produced,  rye  1,991, 
Ind.  corn  529,927,  oats  149,796,  tobacco  268,527 
pounds,  sugar  22,968  ;  27  stores,  cap.  $33,925  ;  5 
tanneries,  4  distilleries,  3  potteries,  14  grist  m.,  5 
saw  m.,  2  oil  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  periodical,  1 
weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $51,082. 
40  sch.  974  scholars.     Pop.  9,602. 

Orange,  p-t.,  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  14  s.  e.  Montpe- 
lier,  527  W.  The  soil  is  cold  and  wet,  but  adapted 
to  grazing;  the  surface  is  uneven.  The  rocks 
are  chiefly  granite,  in  which  are  found  beautiful 
small  plates  of  white  mica,  several  inches  square. 
Drained  by  Jail  branch,  which  flows  into  the  s. 
63 


branch  of  Onion  r.,  and  by  head  branches  of 
Wait's  r.,  which  flow  into  Connecticut  r.  It  has 
2  stores,  cap.  $3,000 ;  3  tanneries,  2  potteries,  1 
printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  5  grist  m., 
7  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Capital  in  manufac.  $92,700. 
12  sch.  323  scholars.     Pop.  984. 

Orange,  t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  40  n.  w.  Con- 
cord. The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil,  generally 
productive.  It  has  a  pond  in  the  s.  w.  part,  the 
outlet  of  which  flows  into  Smith's  r.  On  the  bor- 
ders of  this  pond  is  found  a  yellow  paint.  Ochre 
is  also  found,  and  exported  in  large  quantities. 
Chartered  in  1769,  by  the  name  of  Cardigan, 
which  is  now  the  name  of  a  mountain  in  its  s.  e. 
part.  It  has  1  pottery,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  4 
sch.  207  scholars.    Pop.  463. 

Orange,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  74  w.  Bos- 
ton, 415  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  and  rough  ; 
soil,  adapted  to  grazing.  Drained  by  Miller's  r., 
which  affords  good  water  power.  Incorporated 
in  1783.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $15,100 ;  1  tannery, 
2  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,250. 
12  sch.  424  scholars.     Pop.  1,501. 

Orange,  t.,  New  Haven  co.,  Ct.,  4  s.  w.  New 
Haven.  Organized  in  1822,  from  New  Haven 
and  Milford.  The  v.,  formerly  called  West  Ha- 
ven, is  a  neat  and  quiet  place,  and  contains  a 
Congregational  and  an  Episcopal  church.  There 
is  a  Congregational  church  in  the  parish  formerly 
called  North  Milford.  Some  silver  and  copper 
ore  have  been  obtained  here.  Drained  by  Wo- 
pewaug  r.  There  are  in  the  t.  3  stores,  capital 
$1,800;  4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$10,800.     8  sch.  423  scholars.     Pop.  1,329. 

Orange,  p-t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  201  w.  by  s. 
Albany,  313  W.  The  surface  is  elevated  and 
rolling ;  soil,  adapted  to  grass  and  to  grain. 
Drained  by  Mead's  cr.  It  has  2  stores,  capital 
$5,000  ;  1  tannery,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$250.     10  sch.  525  scholars.     Pop.  1,824. 

Orange,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  N.  J.,  4£  n.  w.  New- 
ark, 53  n.  e.  Trenton,  219  W.  The  surface  is 
mountainous  or  rolling;  soil,  red  shale,  generally 
well  cultivated.  Drained  by  Second  river  and 
branches  of  Rah  way  r.  The  v.  extends  2  or  3 
miles  along  the  turnpike  road,  and  contains  4 
churches — 1  Episcopal,  2  Presbyterian,  and  1 
Methodist — 10  stores,  2  6aw  m.,  and  about  220 
dwellings.  Near  it  is  a  chalybeate  spring,  much 
resorted  to.  The  v.  of  South  Orange  is  5  ms.  w. 
Newark,  and  contains  1  Presbyterian  church,  1 
store,  1  paper  factory,  and  about  30  dwellings. 
There  are  in  the  t.  10  stores,  cap.  $27,800  ;  1  tan- 
nery. Cap.  in  manufac.  $76,750.  8  schools  330 
scholars.    Pop.  3,261. 

Orange,  t.,  Cuyahoga  co.,  O.  The  E.  branch 
of  Chagrin  r.  crosses  its  s.  e.  corner,  where  is 
Chagrin  falls,  where  the  water  falls  over  a  rock 
28  feet  perpendicularly,  affording  good  water 
power,  where  is  a  thriving  v.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $5,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  flour- 
ing m.,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$3,050.    8  sch.  380  scholars.    Pop.  1,113. 

Orange,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  O.  It  has  3  sch.  101 
scholars.    Pop.  314. 

Orange,  t.,  Meigs  co.,  O.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$200 ;  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac 
$2,200.    6  sch.  220  scholars.     Pop.  830. 

Orange,  t.,  Shelby  co.,  O.  It  has  1  fulling  m., 
1  woollen  fac,  2  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac$3,730.  2  sch.  55  schl's.  Pop.  783. 

Orange,  p-o.,  Austintown  t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O., 
169  n.  E.  Columbus,  298  W. 

Orange,  t.,  Noble  co.,  la.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$3,000 ;  1  saw  m.,  1  sch.  18  scholars.     Pop.  242 

Orange,  p-o.,  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  116  w.  s.  w 
Detroit,  567  W. 


ORE 


498 


ORE 


Orange,  t.,  Macomb  co.,  Mich.  The  soil  is 
fertile,  adapted  to  grain  and  grass.     Pop.  193. 

Orange,  p-v.,  Cherokee  co.,  Ga.,  129  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  660  W. 

Orange,  p-t,  Fayette  co.,  la.,  49  e.  by  s.  In- 
dianapolis, 535  W.    Pop.  1,187. 

Orangeburg,  p-v.,  Marion  co.,  Miss.,  102  s. 
s.  E.  Jackson,  1,052  W. 

Orangeburg,  dist.,  S.  C.  Situated  a  little  s. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,824  sq. 
ms.  Congaree  r.  runs  on  its  e.  border,  and 
South  Edisto  r.  on  its  s.  border.  Watered  by 
North  Edisto  r.  and  its  branches.  Capital, 
Orangeburg.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
22,507,  sheep  3,523,  swine  33,383 ;  wheat  12,490 
bush,  produced,  rye  577,  Ind.  corn  477,011,  oats 
12,357,  potatoes  74,240,  rice  510,670  pounds,  cot- 
ton 878,370 ;  18  stores,  cap.  $42,100 ;  67  grist  ra., 
78  saw  m.  1  acad.  40  students,  1 1  sch.  236  scho- 
lars. Pop.  whites  6,321,  slaves  11,934,  free  col'd 
264;  total,  18,519. 

Orangeburg,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Orange- 
burg dist.,  S.  C,  43  s.  by  e.  Columbia.  Situated 
on  the  e.  bank  of  North  Edisto  r.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  an  academy,  and  several  stores 
and  about  500  inhabitants. 

Orange,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Orange  co.,  Va., 
84  n.  w.  Richmond,  94  W.  Situated  at  the  foot 
of  S.  W.  mountain.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  2  churches — 1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist 


— a  female  academy,  9  stores,  1  printing  office 
issuing  a  weekly  newspaper,  and  about  60  dwell- 
ings, mostly  of  brick,  and  500  inhabitants. 

Orange  Springs,  p-v.,  Orange  co.,  Va.,  76  n. 
w.  Richmond,  98  W. 

Orangetown,  t.,  Rockland  co.,  N.  Y.,  123  s. 
Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  clay,  blended 
with  red  shale.  Hudson  r.  flows  on  its  e.  border. 
Drained  by  Hackensack  r.  It  contains  the  v.  of 
Piermont,  where  the  New  York  and  Erie  railroad 
terminates,  on  Hudson  r.  There  are  in  the  t.  30 
stores,  cap.  $51 ,100 ;  4  lumber  yards,  cap.  $45,000 ; 
1  cotton  fac.  576  sp.,  2  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  7 
grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,674.  8 
sch.  312  scholars.     Pop.  2,771. 

Orangeville,  p-t.,  Genesee  co.,  N.  Y.,  257  w. 
Albany,  369  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  clay 
loam,  well  adapted  to  grass.  Drained  by  Tona- 
wanda  cr.  and  its  tributaries.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $5,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,750.  16  sch.  659  scholars. 
Pop.  1,949. 

Orangeville,  p-v.,  Bloom  t.,  Columbia  co., 
Pa.,  5  n.  Bloomsburg,  81  n.  by  e.  Harrisburg,  191 
W.  Situated  on  Fishing  cr.,  and  contains  2 
stores,  and  about  40  dwellings. 

Orangeville,  p-o.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  194  N. 
e.  Columbus,  300  W. 

Orbisonia,  p-o.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  81  w. 
Harrisburg,  125  W. 


OREGON  TERRITORY. 

The  Oregon  Territory  consists  of  a  large  extent  of  country  lying  between  the  Rocky  mountains 
and  the  Pacific  ocean,  and  drained  by  the  Columbia  river  and  its  tributaries.  The  boundaries  of 
this  country  are  not  entirely  settled.  The  natural  boundaries  of  this  territory  are — on  the  east,  the 
Rocky  mountains,  extending  about  900  miles  from  the  41°  to  the  54°  n.  lat. ;  on  the  south,  the 
Snowy  mountains,  extending  from  the  Rocky  mountains  to  Cape  Mendocino,  on  the  Pacific,  in  40° 
n.  lat. ;  on  the  west,  the  Pacific  ocean,  about  500  miles  due  n.  to  Cape  Flattery,  at  the  entrance  of 
the  Strait  of  Fuca,  about  lat.  n.  48°  ;  and  on  the  north,  by  a  line  extending  from  Cape  Flattery 
about  120  miles  n.  e.,  and  thence  a  line  along  the  highlands  separating  the  waters  of  the  Columbia 
from  those  of  Frazer's  river,  to  the  Rocky  mountains.  The  country  thus  described  contains  about 
350,000  square  miles.  The  United  States  claim  the  country  from  the  42°  to  the  54°  of  n.  lat. ; 
while  the  British  urge  their  claim  to  the  country,  as  far  south  as  the  Columbia  river ;  and  both 
parties  occupy  the  country. 

The  territory  drained  by  the  Columbia  presents  a  constant  succession  of  mountain  ridges  and 
valleys,  or  plains  of  small  extent.  The  principal  ridges  are  two  in  number,  besides  the  Rocky 
mountains,  running  nearly  parallel  to  each  other  and  to  the  coast ;  and  the  country  is  thus  divided 
into  three  great  regions,  which  differ  materially  in  climate,  soil,  and  productiveness.  The  first  re- 
gion, or  low  country,  is  that  between  the  coast  and  the  chain  of  mountains  nearest  to  the  sea ;  the 
second  region  is  between  the  mountains  nearest  the  sea  and  the  middle  ridge,  called  the  Blue 
mountains ;  and  the  third  region  or  high  country,  is  between  the  Blue  mountains  and  the  Rocky 
mountains.  All  these  divisions  are  crossed  by  the  Columbia,  the  main  stream  of  which  is  formed 
in  the  middle  region,  by  the  union  of  several  branches  flowing  from  the  Rocky  mountains,  and 
receiving  in  their  course  supplies  from  innumerable  smaller  tributaries,  draining  the  intermediate 
countries. 

The  distance  from  the  coast  to  the  nearest  chain  is,  in  some  places,  100  miles ;  in  others  much 
less.  The  intervening  country  is  crossed  in  various  directions  by  low  ridges  connected  with  the 
principal  chain,  some  of  them  parallel  to  it,  and  others  stretching  toward  the  ocean.  From  this 
region  the  Wallamette  river  comes  more  than  200  miles,  in  a  direction  nearly  due  N.,  and  enters 
the  Columbia  on  its  s.  side.  The  valley  through  which  it  passes  is  said  to  be  the  most  delightful  and 
fertile  in  Northwestern  America.  The  climate  of  the  region  between  the  ocean  and  the  first  range, 
though  not  unhealthy,  is  not  very  favorable  to  agriculture.  The  summer  is  warm  and  dry.  From 
April  to  October,  while  the  westerly  winds  prevail,  rain  seldom  falls  in  any  part  of  Oregon  ;  during 
the  other  months,  when  the  south  wind  blows  constantly,  the  rains  are  almost  incessant  in  the 
lower  region,  though  sometimes  the  dry  season  continues  there  longer.  Further  from  the  Pacific, 
the  rains  are  less  frequent  and  abundant ;  and  near  the  Rocky  mountains  they  are  reduced  to  a 
few  showers  in  the  spring.  In  the  valleys  of  the  low  country  snow  is  rarely  seen,  and  the  ground 
is  so  little  frozen  that  ploughing  may  generally  be  done  during  the  whole  winter.    Most  of  the 


ORE  499  ORE 

productions  of  the  northern  states,  excepting  Indian  corn,  succeed  tolerably  well.  Horses  and 
neat  cattle  will  subsist  without  fodder  through  the  winter.  The  second  bottoms  of  the  rivers, 
being  above  inundation,  are  extremely  fertile,  and  prairies  are  considerably  numerous  and  exten- 
sive. The  forests  on  the  uplands,  although  the  soil  is  tolerably  good,  abound  with  such  enormous 
trees,  as  almost  to  defy  cultivation.  A  fir  tree  growing  near  Astoria,  on  the  Columbia,  8  miles 
from  the  sea,  was  46  feet  in  circumference  10  feet  from  the  ground,  and  153  feet  in  length  before 
giving  off  a  single  branch,  and  not  less  than  300  feet  in  its  whole  height.  Another  tree  of  the 
same  species,  on  the  banks  of  the  Umqua,  was  57  feet  in  circumference,  and  216  feet  in  length 
below  its  branches ;  and  sound  pines  from  200  to  280  feet  in  height,  and  from  20  to  40  feet  in  cir- 
cumference, are  not  uncommon. 

The  middle  region  of  Oregon,  between  the  mountains  nearest  the  coast  and  the  Blue  mountains 
on  the  east,  is  more  elevated  and  dry,  and  less  fertile  than  the  low  country.  It  consists  chiefly 
of  plains,  between  ridges  of  mountains,  the  soil  of  which  is  generally  a  yellow  sandy  clay,  covered 
with  grass,  small  shrubs,  and  prickly  pears.  Timber  is  very  scarce  ;  the  trees  are  of  soft  and  use- 
less woods,  such  as  cotton-wood,  sumac,  and  willow,  which  are  found  only  in  the  neighborhood  of 
streams. 

The  climate  is  salubrious,  the  air  is  dry  in  summer,  the  days  warm,  and  the  nights  cool.  The 
rain  begins  later  and  ends  sooner  than  in  the  lower  country.  This  country  is  poorly  adapted  to 
cultivation,  but  is  well  suited  to  grazing,  the  grass  being  abundant  in  a  green  or  dry  state  through 
the  year.  Horses  are  here  reared  in  abundance  by  the  Indians,  some  of  whom  own  hundreds  of 
them.  The  Blue  mountains  on  the  e.  of  this  region  extend  through  the  whole  territory  of  the  Co- 
lumbia, though  frequently  broken  into  several  ridges.  These  mountains  are  steep,  with  a  volcanic 
appearance,  and  their  highest  peaks  are  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

The  third  and  last  division  of  Oregon  lies  between  the  Blue  mountains  on  the  w.,  and  the  Rocky 
mountains  on  the  e.  The  southern  part  of  this  region  is  a  desert  of  steep  rocky  mountains,  deep 
narrow  valleys,  and  wide  plains  covered  with  sand  and  gravel.  There  is  little  snow  in  the  val- 
leys in  the  winter,  but  much  on  the  mountains.  It  rarely  rains,  and  no  dew  falls.  The  difference 
between  the  temperature  at  sunrise  and  at  noon  in  summer,  is  often  40  degrees. 

The  Columbia  is  the  great  river  of  this  territory.  The  northern  branch,  which  retains  the  name 
of  the  principal  stream,  rises  in  the  Rocky  mountains,  in  about  54°  of  n.  lat.,  and  pursues  a 
southern  course  to  lat.  52°,  where  it  is  joined  by  two  other  streams,  one  coming  from  the  s.  along 
the  base  of  the  Rocky  mountains,  and  the  other  rising  in  a  gorge  of  that  chain  in  lat.  53°,  its  head 
being  a  small  lake,  which  is  within  a  few  feet  of  another,  whence  the  waters  run  into  the  Atha- 
basca, one  of  the  branches  of  McKenzie's  river,  which  flows  to  the  Arctic  ocean.  Two  hundred 
miles  south  of  the  junction,  the  Columbia  receives  McGillivray's  river,  and  a  little  lower  down 
Clark's  river,  which,  at  the  place  of  union,  is  nearly  as  large  as  the  Columbia.  The  sources  of 
Clark's  river  are  near  those  of  the  Missouri,  and  the  intervening  ridge  is  not  very  high,  allowing 
of  an  easy  pass  across  the  mountains.  In  its  course,  Clark's  river  spreads  out  into  a  lake,  35  miles 
long  and  5  or  6  broad,  situated  in  a  rich  valley,  surrounded  by  snow-clad  mountains  of  great  eleva- 
tion. Just  before  the  passage  of  the  Columbia  through  the  Blue  mountains,  Clark's  river  enters  it; 
and  just  above  its  entrance  are  the  Kettle  falls  in  Clark's  river.  Thence  the  Columbia  flows  w. 
100  miles  to  its  junction  with  the  Okannagan,  a  large  stream  from  the  n.  In  lat.  46°  8'  the  Colum- 
bia is  joined  by  Lewis  river,  its  great  southern  branch.  It  rises  in  an  angle  formed  by  the  junction 
of  Rocky  and  Snowy  mountains,  between  the  42°  and  44°  of  N.  lat.,  near  the  sources  of  the  Colo- 
rado, the  Platte,  the  Yellow  Stone,  and  the  Missouri  rivers.  It  thence  flows  along  the  foot  of  the 
Snowy  mts.  to  the  Blue  mts.,  through  one  ridge  of  which  it  passes  near  the  43°  of  lat.,  having  there 
the  Salmon  or  Fishing  falls.  It  then  runs  n.  w.  to  its  junction  with  the  Columbia,  having  received 
several  small  rivers  in  its  course,  the  largest  of  which  are  Wapticacos  and  Salmon  rivers  from  the 
E.  The  Columbia,*  just  below  the  junction  of  its  2  great  branches,  receives  the  Walla-walla,  Falls, 
and  other  rivers  from  the  south,  and  then  passes  the  range  of  mountains  nearest  the  Pacific,  in  lat. 
46°.  Below  the  mouth  of  the  Walla-walla,  and  before  passing  the  mountains,  the  Columbia  has 
rapids,  impassable1  at  low  water,  but  passable  at  high  water,  both  up  and  down.  Five  miles  below 
them  are  the  Dalles,  or  narrows,  where  the  river  rushes  through  a  space  not  more  than  150  feet 
wide,  walled  in  by  basaltic  columns  on  both  sides ;  and  36  miles  lower  down  are  the  Cascades, 
which  are  falls  impassable  at  all  times.  The  tide  comes  up  to  the  foot  of  the  Cascades,  and  the 
navigation  is  good  for  vessels  not  drawing  more  than  14  feet  water,  to  this  point,  which  is  125  miles 
from  the  ocean.  The  Multnomah  or  Wallamette  enters  the  Columbia  from  the  s.,  about  20  miles 
below  Fort  Vancouver,  and  is  navigable  25  miles  to  the  falls.  From  thence  the  Columbia  proceeds 
90  miles  in  a  northwesterly  course  to  its  entrance  into  the  Pacific  ocean. 

One  of  the  most  striking  features  in  this  territory  are  the  passes  through  that  immense  barrier, 
the  Rocky  mountains,  which  are  in  general  a  continuous  chain ;  and  which  are  found,  near  the  n. 
sources  of  the  Columbia,  to  contain  peaks  15  or  16,000  feet  in  height ;  and  some  n.,  which  are 
thought  to  be  much  higher,  and  are  probably  the  highest  mountains  in  North  America. 


ORE 500 ORE 

"It  appears  that  the  points  of  departure,  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  mountains,  within  the  jurisdic- 
tion of  the  United  States,  of  all  the  passes  across,  are  situated  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Black  hills, 
and  between  the  43d  and  45th  parallels  of  latitude  ;  and  that  among  these  passes  across  the  moun- 
tains, there  is  one,  and  probably  but  one,  sufficiently  gradual  in  its  ascents  and  descents,  and  suffi- 
ciently open,  to  admit  of  the  passage  of  wheel  carriages,  and,  consequently,  of  the  ready  construc- 
tion of  a  convenient  and  good  road.  This  pass  goes  through  an  opening  in  the  Black  hills,  at  about 
44°  30'  n.  lat.,  and,  keeping  between  these  hills  and  '  Big  Horn  mountain,'  it  crosses  the  tributaries 
of  the  Yellow  Stone  from  the  s.,  and  finally  the  Yellow  Stone  itself.  It  then  crosses  the  Missouri, 
or  rather  the  three  forks  of  that  r.,  a  short  distance  above  their  junction  ;  from  whence  it  pursues  a 
southwestwardly  direction,  until  arriving  at  the  head  waters  of  '  Bitter  Root'  r. ;  thence  down  the 
valley  of  this  r.  to  its  junction  with  the  '  Salmon,  or  Lewis's  r. ;'  and  thence  down  the  valley  of 
this  last  r.  to  its  junction  with  the  Columbia.  From  these  facts,  then,  the  vicinity  of  the  Black  hills 
has  to  be  attained,  in  order  to  cross  the  Rocky  mountains  from  the  E. ;  and  the  best  passage  of 
these  mountains,  at  present  known,  is  the  one  just  described.  This  vicinity  is  about  650  miles  in 
a  northwestwardly  course  from  the  position  of  Council  Bluffs.  But,  from  Council  Bluffs,  the  course 
of  the  Missouri,  by  the  latest  and  most  authentic  observations,  is  also  northwestwardly,  and  for 
about  300  miles,  nearly  parallel  to  the  direction  from  the  Bluffs  to  the  Black  hills.  The  Missouri, 
therefore,  would  afford  water  transportation  for  about  300  miles  of  this  route." — Report  of  the  Sec. 
of  War,  1842. 

There  are  many  lakes  in  this  country,  some  of  which  discharge  their  waters  into  the  sources  of 
the  Columbia,  and  some,  having  no  outlet,  are  salt. 

The  principal  harbor  is  formed  by  the  Columbia  r.,  which,  between  Cape  Disappointment  or 
Hancock  and  Point  Adams  at  its  mouth,  is  7  miles  wide  From  each  of  these  points,  a  sand-bar 
runs  into  the  water,  and  the  waves  of  the  Pacific,  meeting  the  current  of  the  Columbia  with  great 
violence,  produce  a  line  of  breakers,  which  renders  the  navigation  hazardous,  when  the  wind  is  at 
all  high.  The  bar  at  its  mouth  is  5  miles  across,  and  the  channel,  in  one  place,  only  half  a  mile 
wide,  with  a  depth  of  from  4i  to  8  fathoms. 

The  rise  and  fall  of  the  tides  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  is  about  8  feet,  gradually  diminishing 
until  you  come  to  the  mouth  of  the  Wallamette,  where  little  or  no  difference  in  the  tides  is  percep- 
tible. At  present,  or  until  the  channel  is  buoyed  out,  and  a  light-house  erected  on  Cape  Disappoint- 
ment, it  is  unsafe  for  vessels  of  a  greater  draught  of  water  than  from  10  to  12  feet  to  attempt  entering 
the  Columbia  between  the  months  of  November  and  April,  on  account  of  the  prevalent  westerly 
winds,  which  make  heavy  breakers  on  the  bar. 

The  inhabitants  of  this  region  consist  of  several  Indian  tribes,  amounting  in  the  whole  to  from 
40  to  60  thousand ;  and  establishments  formed  by  the  British  Hudson's  Bay  Company  for  trading 
with  the  Indians ;  together  with  a  few  missionary  establishments  from  the  United  States.  "  The 
colony  from  the  United  States  is  situated  on  the  Wallamette,  a  branch  of  the  Columbia,  about 
ninety  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  river,  which  is  undoubtedly  the  finest  grazing  and  wheat  coun- 
try in  Oregon.  At  present  (1841)  it  consists  of  about  seventy  families,  who  raise  considerable 
grain,  and  have  about  three  thousand  head  of  cattle.  The  mission  last  year  raised  one  thousand 
bushels  of  wheat,  and  made  butter,  cheese,  &c,  enough  for  their  own  use.  They  have  five  hun- 
dred head  of  cattle  and  two  hundred  horses ;  and  last  year  they  sowed  four  hundred  bushels  of 
wheat,  one  hundred  and  twenty  bushels  of  peas,  and  planted  a  large  quantity  of  potatoes  and  vege- 
tables of  all  descriptions.  They  have  hogs,  poultry,  <fec,  in  abundance.  Last  year  they  raised 
over  fifteen  hundred  bushels  of  potatoes.  The  extent  of  the  country  comprising  the  Wallamette 
valley  is  about  three  hundred  miles  long  and  two  hundred  broad,  interspersed  with  ravines  of  wood, 
generally  of  sufficient  quantities  for  fuel  and  fencing.  The  land,  in  its  natural  state,  is  usually 
ready  for  the  plough,  and  is  very  fertile,  producing  from  twenty-five  to  forty  bushels  of  wheat  to 
the  acre  ;  and  the  climate  is  so  mild  that  the  cattle  subsist  in  the  fields  without  fodder  or  shelter  of 
any  kind  being  prepared  or  provided  for  them  through  the  winter.  Salmon  can  be  taken  at  Wal- 
lamette falls,  with  little  trouble,  from  May  to  September,  in  almost  any  quantity." 

Fort  Vancouver,  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Columbia,  90  miles  from  the  ocean,  is  the  principal  seat 
of  the  British  fur  trade.  It  has  an  enclosure  37  rods  long  and  18  wide,  strongly  stockaded,  within 
which  are  8  substantial  buildings,  and  many  smaller  ones.  This  place  has  a  considerable  farming 
establishment.  There  are  large  fertile  prairies,  which  they  occupy  for  tillage  and  pasture  ;  and 
forests  for  fencing  materials,  and  other  purposes.  In  the  year  1835,  there  were  at  this  post  450 
neat  cattle ;  100  horses ;  200  sheep ;  40  goats,  and  300  hogs.  They  have  a  garden  of  5  acres, 
abounding  with  esculent  vegetables ;  with  fruits,  such  as  peaches,  apples,  grapes,  strawberries ; 
and  some  exotics,  as  figs,  oranges,  and  lemons  ;  and  various  ornamental  plants  and  flowers.  There 
is  a  flour  mill  worked  by  ox  power,  and  a  saw  mill,  from  which  boards  are  sent,  even  to  the  Sand- 
wich Islands.  There  is  a  school  here  for  the  children  of  the  establishment.  There  are  shops  for 
blacksmiths,  joiners,  carpenters,  and  a  tinner.  Fort  George,  or  Astoria,  is  8  miles  from  the  mouth 
of  the  Columbia ;  has  two  buildings,  and  a  garden  of  2  acres.    Fort  Walla- walla  is  on  the  s.  side 


ORF 


501 


ORI 


of  the  Columbia,  10  miles  below  the  entrance  of  Lewis  river.  On  the  Wallamette  river,  55  miles 
above  its  entrance  into  the  Columbia,  is  McKey's  settlement,  and  12  miles  above  is  Jarvis'  settle- 
ment, which  contain  about  20  families.  They  consist  mostly  of  the  retiring  servants  of  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company,  with  their  half-breed  families,  and  a  few  Americans.  Fort  Colvin  is  on  the  s. 
side  of  Clark's  river,  below  the  Kettle  falls,  just  before  it  enters  the  Columbia.  Here  is  a  consid- 
erable farming  establishment.  Fort  Okannagan  is  at  the  entrance  into  the  Columbia  of  the  river  of 
that  name,  100  miles  below  Clark's  river.  The  Hudson's  Bay  Company  have  also  several  other 
trading  posts  in  this  territory.  The  American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions  have 
seven  stations — viz. :  1st.  Astoria ;  2d.  Mullnomia,  or  Wallamette.  The  3d.  station  is  on  the  Colum- 
bia r.,  140  ms.  from  its  mouth  i  the  river  is  navigable  for  large  vessels  up  to  this  place ;  above  this 
it  becomes  rapid  and  rocky.  4th.  Pugets  Sound— Here  is  a  fine  harbor,  which  will  one  day  render 
it  an  important  position,  in  a  commercial  point  of  view :  it  is  on  the  coast,  140  miles  n.  of  Colum- 
bia r.  5th.  On  the  Wallamette,  40  miles  above  its  junction  with  the  Columbia.  There  is  a  fall  in 
the  Wallamette  at  this  point,  supplying  great  water  power  :  small  craft  can  ascend  to  this  place. 
6th.  Clatsop,  a  new  station,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia.  7th.  On  the  Umqua  r.,  wliich  emp- 
ties into  the  Pacific  some  200  miles  s.  of  the  Columbia. 

On  the  7th  of  May,  1792,  Captain  Robert  Gray,  in  the  ship  Columbia,  of  Boston,  discovered  and 
entered  the  Columbia  river ;  to  which  he  gave  the  name  of  his  vessel.  He  was  the  first  person 
that  established  the  fact  of  the  existence  of  this  great  river,  and  this  gives  to  the  United  States  the 
right  of  discovery.  In  1804-5,  captains  Lewis  and  Clark,  under  the  direction  of  the  government 
of  the  United  States,  explored  the  country  from  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri  to  the  mouth  of  the  Co- 
lumbia ;  and  spent  the  winter  of  1805-6  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia.  This  exploration  of  the 
River  Columbia,  the  first  ever  made,  constitutes  another  ground  of  the  claim  of  the  United  States 
to  the  country.  In  1803,  the  Missouri  Fur  Company  at  St.  Louis,  established  a  trading  post  beyond 
the  Rocky  mountains,  on  the  head  waters  of  Lewis  river,  the  first  ever  formed  on  any  of  the  wa- 
ters of  the  Columbia.  In  1810,  the  Pacific  Fur  Company  under  John  Jacob  Astor,  of  New  York,  was 
formed ;  and  in  181 1,  they  founded  Astoria,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia,  as  their  principal  trading 
post,  and  proceeded  to  establish  others  in  the  interior.  A  little  later  in  the  same  year,  the  North 
West  Company  sent  a  detachment  to  form  establishments  on  the  Columbia ;  but  when  they  arrived 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  they  found  the  post  occupied.  In  consequence  of  the  exposure  of  As- 
toria by  the  war  of  1813,  the  post  was  sold  out  to  the  North  West  Company.  At  the  close  of  the 
war  Astoria  was  restored,  by  order  of  the  British  government,  to  its  original  founders,  agreeably 
to  the  first  article  of  the  Treaty  of  Ghent.  Various  attempts  have  been  made  since  the  war  to 
renew  the  fur  trade  in  Oregon.  In  1821,  the  Hudson's  Bay  and  North  West  Company,  who  had 
previously  been  rivals,  were  united,  and  since  that  time  have  greatly  extended  their  establishments 
in  the  region  of  Oregon.  The  British  and  American  governments  have  not  yet  been  able  to  settle 
by  negotiation  their  conflicting  claims  to  the  country.  By  the  treaty  for  the  purchase  of  Florida, 
in  1819,  the  boundary  between  the  Spanish  possessions  and  the  United  States  was  fixed  in  the  N. 
w.,  at  the  42°  of  n.  lat.,  and  the  U.  S.  succeeded  to  all  the  title  to  Oregon  which  Spain  had  by 
right  of  discovery.  At  present,  the  subjects  of  Great  Britain  and  of  the  United  States  exercise 
equally  the  right  to  occupy  this  country,  and  navigate  its  rivers  for  the  purposes  of  trade,  until  the 
subject  is  disposed  of  by  negotiation.  In  the  mean  time,  the  great  capital,  and  the  complete  organ- 
ization of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  enable  them  to  reap  nearly  all  the  advantages  of  the  fur 
trade  in  the  Territory  of  Oregon. 


Oregon,  county,  Mo.  Situated  on  the  s.  bor- 
der of  the  state,  and  contains  1,600  sq.  ms. 
Drained  principally  by  Eleven  Points  r. 

Oregon,  p-o.,  Stocton  t.,  Cbautauque  co.,  N. 
Y.,  333  w.  by  s.  Albany,  334  W. 

Oregon,  v.,  and  capital  of  Holt  co.,  Mo.  Sit- 
uated on  the  n.  e.  side  of  the  Missouri  r. 

Oregon  City,  p-v.,  Ogle  co.,  111.,  176  n.  Spring- 
field, 818  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of  Rock  r., 
on  an  elevated  alluvial  bottom,  10  ms.  above 
Grand  Detour.  It  has  2  stores  and  12  or  15 
dwellings. 

Orford,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  60  n.  n.  w. 
Concord,  505  W.  It  lies  on  the  e.  side  of  Con- 
necticut r.  The  extensive  intervales  on  Con- 
necticut r.  are  very  fertile.  It  has  several  ponds. 
Watered  by  small  streams  which  flow  into  Con- 
necticut r.,  and  by  the  head  waters  of  Baker's  r., 
which  flows  into  Merrimac  r.  It  furnishes  exten- 
sively a  good  limestone,  and  especially  a  fine  kind 
of  soapstone,  which  is  wrought  and  exported. 
The  v.  is  on  an  extended  street.     A  bridge  across 


Connecticut  r.  connects  the  t.  with  Fairlee,  Vt. 
It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $31,000;  2  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  pottery,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,350.  17  sch.  580  scholars. 
Pop.  1,707. 

Orfordville,  p-v.,  Orford  t.,  Grafton  co.,  N. 
H.,  62  n.  n.  w.  Concord,  507  W. 

Orient,  p-t.,  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  222  n.  e. 
Augusta,  817  W.    Pop.  63. 

Orient,  p-v.,  Southold  t.,  Suffolk  co.,  N.  Y., 
252  s.  s.  e.  Albany,  332  W.  Delightfully  situ- 
ated at  the  head  of  Oyster  Pond  harbor,  and 
contains  2  churches,  several  stores,  and  about  50 
dwellings.  This  place  was,  until  very  recently, 
called  "  Oyster  Ponds." 

Orion,  p-t.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  35  s.  by  w. 
Detroit,  553  W.  It  contains  several  small  lakes. 
Watered  by  Paint  cr.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$6,500  ;  2  flouring  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. 27,800.     Pop.  769. 

Oriskany  Creek,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Madison 
county,  and  enters  the   3Iohawk  river  at  Oris- 


ORL 


502 


ORR 


kany  village,  Oneida  co.  It  is  a  valuable  mill 
stream. 

Oriskany,  p-o.,  Whitestown  t..  Oneida  co.,  W. 
Y,  9U  x.  w.  Albany,  397  W. 

Oriskany  Falls,  p-v.,  Augusta  t..  Oneida  co., 
ft  V.  Situated  on  both  sides  of  Oriskany  cr., 
which  here  has  a  fall  of  about  30  feet,  affording 
extensive  water  power.  It  is  on  the  line  of  the 
Chenango  canal,  and  contains  1  church,  2  stores, 
1  woollen  fac,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  distillery. 
1  carding  machine,  1  chair  and  turning  fac,  90 
dwellings,  and  about  600  inhabitants. 

Orland,  p-t.,  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  61  e.  by  n. 
Augusta,  657  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Pe- 
nobscot r.,  opposite  to  Wetmore's  island.  It  con- 
tains several  large  ponds.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
and  it  possesses  great  facilities  for  navigation. 
Incorporated  in  1800.  It  has  15  sch.  622  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,381. 

Orland,  p-t.,  Steuben  co.,  la.,  190  n.  n.  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 562  W. 

Orleans,  p-o.,  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  114  N.  by 
w.  Richmond,  63  W. 

Orleans,  county,  Vt.  Situated  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  675  sq.  ms.  Lake 
Memphremagog  lies  partly  in  its  n.  part.  Drain- 
ed by  Barton,  Black  and  Clyde  rivers,  which 
flow  into  Lake  Memphremagog,  and  by  the  head 
branches  of  Missisque  and  Onion  rivers.  The 
surface  is  level  or  moderately  uneven  ;  soil,  fer- 
tile and  easily  tilled.  In  its  E.  part  are  many 
ponds.  It  lies  between  the  e.  and  w.  range  of 
the  Green  mountains.  Capital.  Irasburg.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  18,299,  sheep  46,669, 
swine  9,750  ;  wheat  33,315  bush,  produced,  rye 
2,400,  Ind.  corn  20,886,  buckwheat  20,067,  barley 
10.997,  oats  133.301,  potatoes  596,855,  sugar 
507,446  pounds  :  32  stores,  cap.  $106,400 ;  1  fur- 
nace, 1  forge,  13  fulling  m.,  4  woollen  fac.,  11 
tanneries,  1  distillery,  19  grist  m.,  53  saw  m.,  1 
oilm.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $141,575.  2  acad.  Ill 
students,  122  sch.  3,916  scholars.    Pop.  13,634. 

Orleans,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  in  the  n. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  372  sq.  ms.  It 
is  bounded  n.  by  Lake  Ontario.  The  surface  is 
level  or  gently  undulating,  with  the  exception 
of  the  Mountain  Ridge,  which  extends  across  it 
from  e.  to  w.  The  soil  is  loam  or  gravel,  with 
an  intermixture  of  clay  and  sand,  and  is  fertile. 
Drained  by  Oak  Orchard,  Johnson's,  and  other 
creeks,  flowing  into  Lake  Ontario.  It  contains 
some  sulphur  and  brine  springs,  and  a  small 
quantity  of  bog  iron  ore.  The  Erie  canal  passes 
centrally  through  it  from  E.  to  w.  Capital, 
Albion.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  18,123, 
sheep  69,563,  swine  27,933  ;  wheat  701,212  bush. 

E  reduced,  Ind.  corn  193,998,  buckwheat  10,047, 
arley  30,723,  oats  180,531,  potatoes  303,314, 
hops  1.533  pounds,  sugar  150,786 ;  77  stores, 
cap.  $339,144 ;  5  furnaces,  12  fulling  m.,  4  woollen 
fac.,  10  tanneries,  1  brewery,  5  flouring  m.,  15 
grist  m.,  53  saw  m.,  4  printing  offices,  4  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $398,940.  7 
acad.  750  students,  163  sch.  8,2 17  scholars.  Pop. 
25,127. 

Orleans,  parish,  La.  Situated  in  the  s.  E. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  160  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  level  and  marshy,  and  too  low  for 
profitable  cultivation,  excepting  on  the  margins 
of  the  streams.  Sugar,  cotton,  rice  and  Indian 
corn,  together  with  an  abundance  of  garden 
vegetables,  and  oranges,  figs,  and  peaches,  are  its 
chief  productions.  Capital,  N.  Orleans.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,639,  sheep  1,807, 
swine  1,824;  Ind.  corn  3,100  bush,  produced, 
cotton  10,000  pounds,  sugar  10,000  ;  8  commercial 
and  375  commission  houses,  cap.   $16,490,000; 


1,881  stores,  cap.  81 1.018,225:  32  lumberyards, 
cap.  867,^00  :  1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  3  saw  m., 
18  printing  offices,  9  daily,  6  weekly  and  2  semi- 
weekly  newspapers.  Capital  in  manufactures, 
8I.T74",200.  2  colleges  165  students,  10  acad. 
440  students,  25  sch.  975  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
5:>,519,  slaves  23,450,  free  col'd  19,226;  total, 
102,193. 

Orleans,  p-t.,  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  95  s.  e. 
Boston,  496  W.  It  extends  across  the  narrow 
part  of  Cape  Cod.  The  surface  is  moderately 
uneven ;  soil,  generally  sandy  and  barren. 
Pleasant  bay  sets  up  from  the  ocean  on  the  e. 
side  of  the  cape,  and  contains  several  islands 
belonging  to  this  t.  It  contains  4  churches — I 
Congregational,  1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  1 
Universalist.  The  inhabitants  are  extensively 
employed  in  the  fisheries,  and  the  manufacture 
of  salt.  It  has  10  stores,  cap.  $16,400  :  4  grist  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,800.  10  sch.  765  scholars. 
Pop.  1,974. 

Orleans,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  n.  Water- 
town,  172  n.  x.  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  gently 
undulating :  soil,  a  fertile  clay  and  loam,  under- 
laid by  limestone.  Drained  by  Chaumont  and 
Perch  rivers.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  §13,100 ;  2 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,100.  II 
sch.  271  scholars.     Pop.  3,001. 

Orleans,  p-v.,  Phelps  t.,  Ontario  co.,  N.  Y., 
190  w.  Albany,  355  W.  Situated  on  Flint  cr., 
and  contains  2  churches,  3  stores,  1  flouring  m., 
1  saw  m.,  1  plaster  m.,  1  distillery,  1  tannery,  1 
clothier's  works,  40  dwellings,  and  about  300 
inhabitants. 

Orleans,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Md. 

Orleans,  p-o.,  Greenville  dist.,  S.  C. 

Orleans,  p-v.,  Orange  co.,  la.,  86  s.  by  w. 
Indianapolis,  625  W.  It  contains  3  stores,  1 
carding  machine,  2  tanneries,  40  dwellings,  and 
about  250  inhabitants. 

Orne's  Store,  p-o.,  Bledsoe  co.,  Tenn.,  125  e. 
s.  e.  Nashville,  534  W. 

Oroxo,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  75  x.  e.  Au- 
gusta, 670  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Pe- 
nobscot r.,  opposite  to  the  great  falls.  The  soil 
is  fertile,  adapted  to  wheat.  Watered  by  Pu- 
shaw  r.,  which  issues  from  Pushaw  pond,  a  large 
body  of  water  in  its  w.  part.  Marsh  island  in 
Penobscot  r.,  containing  5,000  acres,  belongs 
in  part  to  this  t.  It  possesses  great  water  power, 
and  has  numerous  sawm.  Incorporated  in  1806. 
A  railroad,  12  ms.  long,  extends  from  Bangor  to 
the  village  of  Stillwater  in  this  t.,  and  to  Old- 
town  v.  in  Oldtown  t.,  which  cost  $350,000.  It 
has  6  stores,  cap.  $6,500 ;  2  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$1,600 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  36  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $10, /80.  4  sch.  350  scholars.  Pop. 
1,521. 

Oronoko,  t.,  Berrien  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1 
grist  m,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,100. 
Pop.  335. 

Orrixgtox,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  70  n. 
e.  Augusta,  666  W.  Penobscot  r.  bounds  it  on 
the  w.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  wheat. 
The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated  on  Penobscot  r., 
which  affords  facilities  for  navigation.  A  small 
stream  flows  across  it  into  the  Penobscot,  and 
affords  water  power.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$5,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  6 
saw  m.  Cap  in  manufac.  $32,700.  10  sch.  645 
scholars.    Pop.  1,530. 

Orrstown,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  39  w.  s. 
w.  Harrisburg,  106  W. 

Orrsville,  p-v.,  Pine  t.,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa., 
192  w.  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  246  W. 

Orrsville,  p-o.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.  C,  170 
w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  409  W. 


osc 


503 


OSW 


Orrville,  p-o..  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga.,  101  n.  \v. 
MffledgevUle,  649  W. 

Orwell,  p-t.,  Rutland  co.,Vt.,  79  s.  w.  Mont- 
pelier,  463  W.  It  is  bounded  w.  by  Lake  Cham  - 
plain,  and  lies  opposite  to  Ticonderoga,  N.  Y., 
and  contains  Mount  Independence,  both  cele- 
brated in  the  revolutionary  war.  The  width  of 
the  lake  between  them,  is  about  80  rods.  At 
Sholes  landing,  1  m.  s.,  it  is  only  40  rods  wide, 
though  its  general  width  opposite  the  t.  is  1  m. 
Drained  by  East  or.  and  Lenonfair  r.,  which 
afford  water  power.  The  surface  in  a  portion 
of  the  s.  part  is  broken  and  hilly,  but  generally 
level,  and  very  fertile.  It  is  one  of  the  best 
farming  towns  in  the  state.  Chartered  in  1763, 
but  not  settled  until  1783.  It  contains  1  Con- 
gregational, and  1  Baptist  church.  It  has  3 
stores,  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,400.  10  sch.  473  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,504. 

Orwell,  p-t.,  Oswego  co.,  N.  Y.,  148  w.  n.  w. 
Albany,  393  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil, 
gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  Salmon  r.  and  its 
tributaries.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $5,400  ;  1  ful- 
ling m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $5,850.  9  sch.  205  scholars.  Pop. 
803. 

Orwell,  p-t.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  146  n.  Har- 
risburg,  256  W.  The  surface  is  hilly;  soil, 
gravelly  loam.  Watered  by  Wysox  cr.  and  its 
tributaries.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $7,000  ;  1  wool- 
len fac,  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $7,880.  8  sch.  325  scholars.  Pop. 
1,037. 

Orwell,  p-t.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.,  185  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 325  W.  Organized  in  1826.  It  has  4 
sch.  112  scholars.    Pop.  459. 

Orwigsburg,  p-b.,  capital  of  Schuylkill  co., 
Pa.,  62  to.  e.  Harrisburg,  172  W.  Situated  near 
a  small  cr.  which  flows  into  the  Schuylkill  r. 
It  stands  on  a  rising  ground,  in  a  valley  surround- 
ed by  lofty  hills,  capable  of  cultivation  to  the 
top.  It  contains  a  court  house  and  public  offices 
of  brick,  a  jail,  an  academy,  and  a  Lutheran 
church.  Incorporated  in  1813.  It  has  7  stores, 
cap.  $26,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,500. 
2  acaa.  87  students,  2  sch.  80  scholars.  Pop. 
779. 

Osage,  r.,  Mo.,  rises  in  the  Indian  territory, 
and  flows  into  the  state  of  Mo.,  and  after  a  wind- 
ing course,  falls  into  the  Missouri  r.,  133  ms. 
above  the  Mississippi.  It  is  397  j'ards  wide  at 
its  mouth,  and  navigable  for  steamboats  200  ms. 
It  has  much  fertile  land  on  its  borders. 

Osage,  county,  Mo.  Situated  a  little  s.  e.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  860  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Gasconade  r.,  flowing  into  the 
Missouri  r.,  which  bounds  it  on  the  n.  Osage 
r.  bounds  it  on  the  n.  w.    Capital,  Alexander. 

Osage,  p-v.,  capital  of  Benton  co.,  Ark.,  200 
N.  w.  by  w.  Little  Rock,  1,161  W.  Situated  on 
the  N.  side  of  the  Arkansas  r.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  and  several  stores  and  25  dwellings 

Osage,  p-o.,  Crawford  co.,  Mo.,  87  s.  E.  Jeffer- 
son City,  911  W. 

Osage,  t.,  Carroll  co.,  Ark.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $9,400  ;  2  grist  m.,  1  sch.  25  scholars.  Pop 
660. 

Osborn's  Bridge,  p-o.,  Northampton  t.,  Ful- 
ton co.,  N.  Y.,  58  n.  w.  Albany,  421  W. 

Osborn's  Ford,  p-o.t  Scott  co.,  Va.,  350  w.  by 
N.  Richmond,  410  W. 

Osborn's  Hollow,  p-o.,  Chenango  t.,  Broome 
co.,  N.  Y.,  130  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  306  W. 

Osceola,  p-v.,  capital  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mo.,  132 
w.  Jefferson  City,  1,068  W.    Situated  on  the  s. 


side  of  Osage  r.  It  contains  a  court  house  and  a 
few  dwellings. 

Oscoda,  county,  Mich.  Situated  in  the  N.  E. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  576  square  miles. 
Drained  by  Au  Sable  r.     (It  is  unorganized.) 

Osn  Kosu,  p-o.,  Fond  du  Lac  co.,  Wis.,  118  n. 
e.  Madison,  965  W. 

Osnaburgh,  p-t.,  Stark  co.,  O.,  129  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 308  W.  The  surface  is  rolling  and  hilly, 
with  a  growth  of  oak  timber.  The  v.  contains  1 
church,  3  stores,  2  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  70 
dwellings,  and  about  400  inhabitants.  Pop.  2,333. 

Ossabaw  Island  and  Sound,  Bryan  co.,  Ga. 
Situated  at  the  mouth  of  Ogechee  r.  The  island 
is  low  and  sandy,  and  10  ms.  long ;  and  the  sound 
is  an  inlet  between  this  island  and  Warren  island, 
constituting  a  broad  estuary. 

Ossian,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y..  244  w.  by 
s.  Albany,  334  W.  The  surface  is  undulating  ; 
soil,  a  fertile  argillaceous  loam.  Drained  by 
Canaseraga  cr.  and  its  branches.  The  v.  con- 
tains 1  church,  2  stores,  1  saw  m.,  1  tannery,  30 
dwellings,  and  about  250  inhabitants.  There  are 
in  the  t.  1  fulling  m.,  1 1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $5,000;  8  sch.  311  scholars.     Pop.  938. 

Ossipee,  lake  and  river,  Strafford  co.,  N.  H., 
covers  about  7,000  acres,  in  an  oval  form,  and 
without  islands.  Its  waters  are  pure,  and  are 
discharged  through  Ossipee  r.,  passing  through 
several  ponds  into  Saco  r.,  Me. 

Ossipee,  mountains,  Strafford  co.,  N.  H.,  ex- 
tend about  8  ms.  toward  the  e.,  a  little  n.  of  the 
north  part  of  Winnipiseogee  lake,  and  reaching 
within  4  ms.  of  Ossipee  lake. 

Ossipee,  p-t.,  capital  of  Carroll  co.,  N.  H.,  52 
N.  n.  E.  Concord, 533  W.  Ossipee  lake  lies  partly 
in  its  n.  E.,  and  Ossipee  mountain  in  its  N.  w.  part. 
Bear  Camp  r.  passes  through  it  into  Ossipee  lake. 
It  has  several  ponds.  Incorporated  in  1785.  The 
v.  is  situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Ossipee  lake,  and 
contains  a  court  house  and  several  dwellings. 
There  are  in  the  t.  7  stores,  cap.  $11,500 ;  3  tan- 
neries, 5  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$18,360.    22  sch.  876  scholars.    Pop.  2,170. 

Osterville,  p-v.,  Barnstable  t.  and  co.,  Mass., 
72  s.  s.  e.  Boston,  477  W.  Situated  on  the  E. 
side  of  Oyster  bay,  and  contains  a  Baptist  and 
Congregational  church,  and  several  dwellings. 

Oswegatchie,  r.,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Herkimer 
co.,  and,  flowing  into  St.  Lawrence  co.,  pursues 
a  circuitous  course,  in  a  n.  w.  direction,  until  it 
enters  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  Ogdensburg.  It  is 
about  120  ms.  long. 

Oswegatchie,  t./St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.  Y.,  16 
w.  Canton,  200  n.  n.  w.  Albany.  The  surface 
is  undulating;  soil,  clay  loam,  generally  well 
cultivated.  Black  lake  lies  partly  in  this  t,  and 
discharges  its  waters  into  Oswegatchie  r.  The 
St.  Lawrence  r.  bounds  it  on  the  n.  w.  It  con- 
tains the  v.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  has  2  commission 
houses,  cap.  $3,000;  57  stores,  cap.  $202,500;  1 
lumber  yard,  3  furnaces,  3  fulling  m.,  4  tanner- 
ies, 2  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  2  weekly  news- 
papers, 2  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$473,400.     19  sch.  662  scholars.    Pop.  3,193. 

Oswegatchie,  p-o.,  Lewis  co.,  N.  Y.,  163  s. 
w.  Albany,  462  W. 

Oswego,  r.,  N.  Y.,  is  formed  by  the  junction 
of  Seneca  and  Oneida  rivers.  Seneca  r.  forms 
a  common  outlet  of  Seneca,  Cayuga,  Crooked, 
Canandaigua,  Owasco,  Skeneateles,  and  Cross 
lakes.  Oneida  r.  forms  the  outlet  of  Oneida  lake. 
After  the  junction,  Oswego  r.  pursues  a  N.  w. 
course,  24  ms.,  until  it  enters  Lake  Ontario,  at 
Oswego  v.  The  r.,  for  some  distance,  forms  the 
Oswego  canal,  the  falls  being  overcome  by  a 
succession  of  locks.    It  affords  extensive  water 


osw 


504 


OTI 


power.  At  its  mouth  is  the  commodious  harbor 
of  Oswego,  which  has  been  much  improved  by 
artificial  structures.  It  has  falls  near  its  mouth, 
which  prevent  its  being  navigated  at  all  by  ves- 
sels from  the  lake. 

Oswego,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  on  Lake  Ontario,  and  contains 
923  sq.  ms.  Drained  by  Oswego  r.,  Salmon  r., 
and  numerous  small  streams,  flowing  into  Lake 
Ontario,  which  bounds  it  on  the  n.  w.  Oneida 
lake  lies  on  its  s.  E.  border.     The  Oswego  canal 

f>asses  down  the  E.  bank  of  Oswego  r.  Surface, 
evel,  or  gently  undulating  ;  the  soil  is  well 
adapted  to  grain  and  to  grazing.  Capitals,  Oswe- 
go and  Pulaski.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
35,369,  sheep  63,842,  swine  39,233;  wheat  138,602 
bush,  produced,  rye  1,676,  Indian  corn  189,327, 
buckwheat  41,618,  barley  11,061,  oats  215,177, 
potatoes  599,137,  sugar  264,989  pounds;  7  com- 
mercial and  commission  houses,  cap.  $246,000; 
107  stores,  cap.  $366,225 ;  3  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$11,000;  6  furnaces,  16  fulling  m.,  2  woollen 
fac,  25  tanneries,  10  flouring  m.,  2d  grist  m.,  135 
saw  m.,  2  oil  m.,  1  paper  fac,  5  printing  offices, 
5  weekly  newspapers.  Capital  in  manufactures 
$895,066.  5  acad.  468  students,  325  sch.  12,193 
scholars.    Pop.  43,619. 

Oswego,  p-v.,  port  of  entry,  and  semi-capital 
of  Oswego  co.,  N.  Y.  It  lies  on  both  sides  of 
Oswego  r.,  at  its  entrance  into  Lake  Ontario,  in 
the  towns  of  Oswego  and  Scriba,  160  w.  n.  w. 
Albany,  373  W.  Incorporated  in  1828.  It  is 
regularly  and  handsomely  laid  out  with  streets  100 
feet  wide,  crossing  each  other  at  right  angles. 
The  two  parts  of  the  village  are  connected  by  a 
bridge,  700  feet  long,  which  cost  $6,000.  It  has 
a  court  house,  a  custom  house,  2  banks,  with  an 
aggregate  capital  of  $400,000,  an  insurance  com- 
pany, an  incorporated  academy,  and  a  flourishing 
female  seminary,  5  churches — 2  Presbyterian,  1 
Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Roman 
Catholic,  besides  a  Bethel  congregation.  It  has 
great  facilities  for  commerce.  The  Oswego  ca- 
nal, 38  miles,  connects  it  with  the  Erie  canal  at 
Syracuse.  A  part  of  the  way  the  Oswego  river 
constitutes  the  canal,  and  has  a  tow-path  on  its 
bank.  Next  to  Sacketts  Harbor,  Oswego  has 
the  best  harbor  on  the  s.  side  of  Lake  Ontario. 
The  harbor  is  formed  by  a  pier,  or  mole,  built  by 
the  U.  S.,  of  wood,  filled  in  with  stones,  and 
having  stones  on  the  outside,  on  the  lake  side. 
This  pier  is  1,219  feet  in  length,  with  an  entrance 
250  feet  wide.  On  the  end  of  the  w.  pier  is  a 
light-house,  and  there  is  another  on  the  hill,  on 
the  e.  side  of  the  r.,  near  the  fort.  The  water 
within  the  pier  has  a  depth  of  from  10  to  20  feet, 
and  the  harbor  is  spacious  and  safe.  There  are 
owned  at  this  place  6  steamboats  and  70  schoo- 
ners, averaging  100  tons  burden,  and  a  large 
number  of  canal-boats.  The  canal-boats  are 
generally  built  in  a  very  substantial  manner, 
with  decks,  capable  of  being  towed  through  the 
lake.  A  considerable  portion  of  the  trade  be- 
tween New  York  and  the  west  passes  through 
Oswego  and  the  Welland  canal,  in  Canada, 
around  the  Falls  of  Niagara.  The  salt  from  Sa- 
lina,  destined  to  the  west,  mostly  passes  this 
way.  The  tonnage  of  Oswego,  in  1840,  was 
8,346.  Oswego  possesses  great  manufacturing 
facilities.  A  feeder  dam,  7£  feet  high,  three 
fourths  of  a  mile  above  the  village,  furnishes  an 
abundance  of  surplus  water,  which  is  taken  from 
the  canal,  with  a  fall  of  19  feet,  on  the  e.  side  of 
the  r.  A  canal  has  also  been  constructed  on  the 
w.  side,  62  feet  wide  and  7  feet  deep,  at  a  cost  of 
$75,000,  which  has  a  fall  at  the  village  of  19  feet. 
Various  manufacturing  establishments  now  exist, 


and  many  more  might  be  accommodated.  The 
t.  of  Oswego  had  in  1840,  mostly  in  the  v.  of 
Oswego,  3  commercial  and  4  commission  houses 
in  for.  trade,  cap.  $246,000 ;  32  retail  stores,  cap. 
$92,150;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $4,000;  2  tanner- 
ies, 5  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  3  printing 
offices,  and  4  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac.  $323,135.  17  sch.  1,039  scholars.  Pop. 
4,665 ;  of  the  v.  of  Oswego,  4,500.  As  a  consid- 
erable portion  of  the  v.  of  Oswego  lies  in  the 
township  of  Scriba,  part  of  the  following  statistics 
of  that  t.  belong  to  the  v.  of  Oswego.  2  stores, 
cap.  $5,500;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $7,000;  1  tan- 
nery, 4  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $172,816.  17  sch.  1,047  scholars.  Pop. 
4,051.  Daily  lines  of  steamboats,  for  the  convey- 
ance of  passengers,  run  between  Oswego  and 
Lewiston,  Kingston,  Canada,  Sacketts  Harbor, 
and  Ogdensburgh,  stopping  at  the  intermediate 
places.  On  the  e.  side  of  the  r.,  near  the  lake, 
a  tract  of  land  has  been  ceded  to  the  United 
States,  on  which  is  situated  Fort  Oswego,  for  the 
defence  of  the  harbor,  which  occupies  the  site  of 
an  old  fort  of  the  same  name,  celebrated  in  the 
colonial  wars,  and  which  was  given  up  by  the 
British  treaty  of  1794.  The  town,  with  the  fort, 
fell  into  the  hands  of  the  British  during  the  late 
war ;  but  they  were  expelled  from  it,  12  hours 
afterward,  with  loss. 

The  surface  of  Oswego  t.  is  mostly  level ;  soil, 
sandy  loam,  of  medium  quality.  Watered  by 
Oswego  r.  Drained  by  several  small  streams 
flowing  into  Lake  Ontario,  which  bounds  it  on 
the  n. 

Oswego,  t.,  Potter  co.,  Pa.  It  has  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $380.     Pop.  101. 

Oswego,  p-v.,  Kosciusko  co.,  la.,  133  n.  In- 
dianapolis, 603  VV. 

Oswego,  p-v.,  Kane  co.,  III.,  171  n.  n.  e. 
Springfield,  760  W. 

Otego,  cr.,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Burlington,  Otsego 
co.,  and  empties  into  the  e.  branch  of  Susque- 
hanna r.     It  affords  good  water  power. 

Otego,  p-t.,  Otsego  co.,  N.  Y.,  22  s.  w.  Coop- 
erstown,  86  w.  Albany,  340  VV.  The  surface  is 
partly  hilly,  with  extensive  flats  along  the  Sus- 
quehanna r. ;  soil,  clay  and  sandy  loam.  Drained 
by  Otsdawa  cr.  and  Susquehanna  r.  The  v.  con- 
tains 3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal, 
and  1  Baptist — 7  stores,  1  tannery,  50  dwellings, 
and  about  300  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  5 
stores,  cap.  $20,500 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2 
grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,500.  15 
sch.  571  scholars.     Pop.  1,919. 

Otis,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  Me.  It  contains  several 
large  ponds,  the  outlets  of  which  flow  into  Blue- 
hill  bay,  and  one  which  discharges  its  waters  into 
Penobscot  r.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  4  sch. 
48  scholars.     Pop.  83. 

Otis,  p-t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  15  s.  e.  Lenox, 
119  w.  Boston,  368  W.  The  surface  is  uneven 
and  broken,  and  difficult  of  tillage  ;  the  soil  is 
well  adapted  to  grazing.  Drained  by  head 
branches  of  Farmington  and  Westfield  rivers.  It 
has  3  stores,  cap.  $5,100;  1  forge,  2  tanneries,  2 
grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $29,912. 
1  acad.  20  students,  10  sch.  305  scholars.  Pop. 
1,177. 

Otisco,  lake,  N.  Y.,  lies  in  the  w.  part  of  On- 
ondaga co.,  is  5  miles  long  and  2  wide,  and  dis- 
charges its  waters  by  Nine  Mile  cr.  into  Ononda- 
ga lake.     The  cr.  affords  water  power. 

Otisco,  p-t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N.  Y.,  15  s.  Syra- 
cuse, 135  w.  by  N.  Albany,  335  W.  The  surface 
is  hilly ;  soil,  cJay  loam,  and  generally  well  cul- 
tivated. Otisco  Jake  lies  on  its  w.  border.  Drained 
by  Nine  Mile  cr.,  the  outlet  of  the  lake.    The  v. 


OTS 


505 


OTT 


contains  1  church,  2  stores,  20  dwellings,  and 

about  100  inhabitants.     It  has  2  stores,  capital 

$6,1:00 ;  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.     Cap. 

in  manufac.  $6,900.     16  sch.  782  scholars.     Pop. 

1,906. 
Otisco,  p-t.,  Ionia  co.,  Mich.    It  has  1  saw  m. 

Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,00!).     Pop.  212. 

Otis  East,  p-o.,  Otis  t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass., 

116  w.  Boston,  371  W. 
Otisfield,  p-t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  71  s.  s. 

w.  Augusta,  578  VV.     The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted 

to  grain.     Drained  by  Crooked  r.,  which  flows 

into  Sebago  pond  or  lake.     It  has  4  stores,  cap. 

$1,959;  1  lulling  m.,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.     Cap. 

in  manufac.  $3,000.   Pop.  1,307. 
Otisville,  p-o.,  Mount  Hope  t.,  Orange  co., 

N.  Y.,  110  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  275  W. 
Otsdawa,  p-v.,  Otego  t.,  Otsego  co.,  N.  Y.,  86 

w.  Albany,  344  VV.  It  contains  1  store,  1  tan- 
nery, 1  fulling  m.,  2  saw  m.,  and  15  or  20  dwell- 
ings. 

Otsego,  lake,  N.  Y.,  situated  in  the  n.  part  of 
Otsego  co.,  and  is  9  miles  long,  and  from  1  to  2 
broad.  The  water  is  clear,  and  it  is  stored  with 
a  variety  of  excellent  fish.  Its  outlet  is  the  source 
of  Susquehanna  r. ;  and  at  its  departure  from  the 
lake,  is  the  pleasant  and  flourishing  village  of 
Cooperstown,  which  has  a  fine  view  of  the  lake 
to  the  n. 

Otsego,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  centrally 
toward  the  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  8J2 
sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  elevated,  hilly,  and  in 
some  parts  mountainous,  with  <ertile  valleys. 
The  soil  is  various,  but  generally  productive.  It 
contains  Otsego  and  Canaderaga  or  Schuyler's 
lakes,  both  flowing  into  the  Susquehanna  river. 
Drained  by  Susquehanna  r.,  and  Cherry  Valley, 
Butternut,  and  Otego  creeks.  Unadilla  r.  bounds 
it  on  the  w.  In  Burlington,  the  stones  scattered 
over  the  surface  consist  extensively  of  marine 
petrifactions.  Capital,  Cooperstown.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  66,035,  sheep  235,979,  swine 
47,637 ;  wheat  148,880  bushels  produced,  rye 
68,236,  Ind.  corn  122,382,  buckwheat  45,059,  bar- 
ley 116,715,  oats  6^3,989,  potatoes  1,293,109,  hops 
168,605  pounds,  sugar  351,718;  13J  stores,  cap. 
$470,070;  7  furnaces,  43  fulling  m.,  4  woollen 
fac,  8  cotton  fac.  17,502  sp.,  1  dyeing  and  print- 
ing establishment,  47  tanneries,  9  distilleries,  1 
brewery,  65  grist  m.,  222  saw  m.,  3  oil  m.,  1  pa- 
per fac  ,  5  printing  offices,  1  periodical,  4  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $929,229.  9acad. 
385  students,  30u  schools  13,292  scholars.  Pop. 
49,628. 

Otsego,  t.,  Otsego  co.,  N.  Y.,  66  w.  Albany. 
The  surface  is  hilly;  soil,  clay  and  gravelly 
and  sandy  loam.  Otsego  lake  lies  on  the  e.  bor- 
der, and  Canaderaga  lake  on  the  N.  w.  The  out- 
let of  the  latter  is  Oak  cr.,  which  affords  good 
water  power.  It  has  26  stores,  cap.  $112,100  ;  2 
cotton  fac.  4,000  sp.,  1  furnace,  4  tanneries,  1 
brewery,  1  paper  fac,  3  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
newspapers,  and  1  periodical,  6  grist  m.,  12  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $169,650.  3  acad.  187  stu- 
dents, 24  sch.  1,021  scholars.     Pop.  1,421. 

Otsego,  p-o.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.,  73  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 337  VV. 

Otsego,  p-t.,  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  149  w.  by  n. 
Detroit,  614  VV.  The  v.  is  situated  on  Kalama- 
zoo r.,  which  has  a  fall  of  8  feet,  and  affords  good 
water  power.  The  v.  is  elevated  33  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  river,  and  contains  2  stores,  and 
about  200  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  1 
flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $11,775.     3  sch.  103  scholars.     Pop.  480. 

Otsego,  p-o.,  Lake  co.,  111.,  250  n.  n.  e.  Spring- 
field, 756  VV. 

64 


Otselic,  cr.,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Madison  co.,  and 
flowing  through  parts  of  Chenango,  Cortland,  and 
Broome  counties,  enters  Toughnioga  r.  It  affords 
good  water  power. 

Otselic,  p-t.,  Chenango  co.,  N.  Y.,  15  n.  w. 
Norvyich,  86  w.  by  s.  Albany,  314  VV.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly,  and  somewhat  broken ;  soil,  clay 
loam,  and  heavily  timbered.  Drained  by  Oste- 
lic  cr.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,000;  2  tanneries, 
1  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,300. 
14  sch.  521  scholars.     Pop.  1,621. 

Otsquaga,  cr.,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  the  s.  part  of 
Herkimer  co.,  and  enters  the  Mohawk  r.  in  Mont- 
gomery co. 

Otter  Bridge,  p-o.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  134  w. 
Harrisburg,  209  VV. 

Otter,  cr.,  Vt.,  the  longest  stream  which  runs 
wholly  in  the  state,  rises  in  Mount  Tabor  t.,  in 
the  s.  e.  part  of  Rutland  co.,  and  flows  5  ms.  s. 
into  the  n.  e.  part  of  Bennington  co.,  and  in  Dor- 
set turns  to  the  n.,  and  flows  in  a  general  course 
of  n.  by.  w.  until  it  enters  Lake  Champlain  in 
Ferrisburgh.  It  is  navigable  for  the  largest  lake 
vessels  6  ms.  to  Vergennes.  From  Miudlebury 
to  Pittsford,  25  ms.,  it  is  boatable.  It  has  fine 
falls  at  Middlebury,  Weybridge,  and  Vergennes, 
affording  extensive  water  power.  The  large 
vessels  of  McDonough's  squadron,  and  several 
of  the  largest  steamboats,  have  been  built  at 
Vergennes. 

Otter  Creek,  p-o.,  Vigo  co.,  la.,  81  w.  by  s. 
Indianapolis,  653  W. 

Otter  Creek,  p-o.,  Jersey  co.,  111.,  80  s.  w. 
Springfield,  830  VV. 

Otter,  Peaks  of,  Va.,  are  the  summits  of  the 
Blue  Ridge,  and  the  highest  land  in  the  state 
The  e.  peak  is  3,104  feet  high,  and  the  w.  2,946 
feet.  Other  statements  make  the  greatest  eleva- 
tion 4,260  feet.  They  are  situated  between  Bed- 
ford and  Bottetourt  counties,  30  w.  by  n.  Lynch- 
burg. 

Otter  Village,  p-v.,  Ripley  co.,  la.,  67  s.  e. 
Indianapolis. 

Otto,  p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  n.  w. 
Ellicottville,  306  w.  by  s.  Albany,  348  VV.  The 
surface  is  elevated  and  broken  ;  soil,  gravelly 
and  clay  loam.  Cattaraugus  cr.  bounds  it  on  the 
N.,  by  which,  and  its  tributaries,  it  is  drained.  It 
has  3  stores,  cap.  $6,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery, 
2  grist  m.,  5  saw.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,800.  12 
sch.  639  scholars.     Pop.  2,133. 

Ottobine,  p-o.,  Rockbridge  co.,  Va.,  144  w. 
Richmond,  144  W. 

Ottowa,  county,  O.  Situated  toward  the  n. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  bounded  by  Lake  Erie  on 
the  n.,  and  contains  350  sq.  ms.  Drained  by 
Portage  and  Toussaint  rivers.  Sandusky  bay 
lies  on  its  s.  e.  border.  Surface  level ;  soil,  fer- 
tile. Capital,  Port  Clinton.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  327,  sheep  1,489,  swine  5,074;  wheat 
14,506  bush,  produced,  rye  1,693,  Ind.  corn 
36,757,  buckwheat  1,522,  oats  3,465,  potatoes 
15,734,  sugar  9,449  pounds  ;  5  stores,  cap.  $5,000 ; 
1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $12,400.    4  sch.  115  scholars.     Pop.  2,218. 

Ottowa,  county,  Mich.  Situated  in  the  n. 
w.  part  of  the  settled  portion  of  the  peninsula, 
and  contains  700  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  rolling, 
with  sand  bluffs  on  the  lake  shore  ;  soil,  fertile. 
Lake  Michigan  bounds  it  on  the  w.  Drained  by 
Grand  r.  and  its  tributaries,  and  Maskegon  r. 
Capital,  Grand  Haven.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  269,  swine  492;  wheat  1,226  bush, 
produced,  Ind.  corn  3,950,  oats  2,235,  potatoes 
7,741,  sugar  12,229  pounds  ;  2  commission  houses, 
cap.  $1,000;  2  stores,  cap.  $3,500;  1  tannery,  12 
saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $104,500.    Pop.  208. 


OWA 


506 


OWE 


Otto w a,  p-t.,  Ottowa  co.,  O.,  132  n.  Colum- 
bus, 450  W.  It  has  2  commission  houses,  cap. 
$1,000;  2  stores,  cap.  $3,500;  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $25,000. 

Ottowa,  p-v.,  capital  of  La  Salle  co.,  111.,  133 
N.  N.  e.  Springfield,  773  W.  Situated  on  both 
sides  of  Illinois  r.,  at  the  junction  of  Fox  r.  The 
r.  here  is  deep,  and  there  is  a  convenient  steam- 
boat landing  ;  but  the  rapids  for  the  distance  of  8 
or  9  ms.  below  require  high  water  for  the  ap- 
proach of  steamboats.  It  was  founded  in  1830, 
and  contains  a  court  house,  10  stores,  about  80 
dwellings,  and  500  inhabitants.  It  possesses  an 
extensive  water  power. 

Ottsville,  p-v.,  Nockamixon  t.,  Bucks  co., 
Pa.,  1 12  e.  Harrisburg,  174  W.  It  contains  a 
store  and  6  or  8  dwellings. 

Oury's,  p-o.,  Hamilton  co.,  O.,  124  s.  w.  by  w. 
Columbus,  508  W. 

Overslaugh,  N.  Y.,  consists  of  a  succession 
of  bars  and  flats  in  Hudson  r.,  3  ms.  below  Alba- 
ny, rendering  the  channel  shallow  and  winding. 
By  walls  on  the  sides  of  the  r.,  erected  by  the 
government  of  the  United  States,  the  main  bed 
of  the  r.  has  been  narrowed,  and  the  navigation 
improved. 

Overton,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  890  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Obies  r.  and  its  branches,  and  by  Roaring 
cr.  Surface  undulating  ;  soil,  fertile,  especially 
along  the  streams.  Capital,  Monroe.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  12,213,  sheep  11,011, 
swine  42,034  ;  wheat  38,452  bush,  produced,  rye 
3,713,  Ind.  corn  541,647,  oats  77,631,  potatoes 
19,464,  tobacco  261,160  pounds,  cotton  18,949, 
sugar  31,339 ;  15  stores,  cap.  $45,800 ;  2  forges, 
5  tanneries,  53  distilleries,  2  powder  m.,  28  grist 
m.,  14  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,828. 
20  sch.  648  scholars.  Pop.  whites  8,334,  slaves 
889,  free  col'd  56  ;  total,  9,279. 

Overton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Claiborne  parish, 
La.,  406  n.  w.  New  Orleans,  1,276  W.  Situated 
on  the  e.  side  of  Dorcheat  bayou.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  several  stores,  and  about  10  dwell- 
ings. 

Ovid,  p-t.,  and  semi-capital  of  Seneca  co.,  N. 
Y.,  189  w.  Albany,  323  W.  Situated  between 
Cayuga  lake  on  the  e.,  and  Seneca  lake  on  the 
w.  The  surface  is  elevated  in  the  middle,  and 
declines  toward  each  lake.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Drained  by  several  fine  mill-streams,  which  flow 
into  the  lakes.  The  v.  is  situated  at  an  equal 
distance  from  the  2  lakes,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  I  Bap- 
tist, and  1  Methodist — an  academy,  8  stores, 
100  dwellings,  and  about  700  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.  2  tanneries,  1  printing  office,  1  week- 
ly newspaper,  1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$5,200.  1  acad.  48  students,  8  sch.  308  scholars. 
Pop.  2,721. 

Ovid,  p-o.,  Jefferson  t.,  Franklin  co.,  O.,  17  e. 
by  n.  Columbus,  383  W. 

Ovid,  p-t.,  Branch  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,200.  4  sch.  55  scholars. 
Pop.  369. 

Ovid,  p-v.,  Madison  co.,  la.,  36  n.  e.  Indian- 
apolis, 554  W. 

Ovid  Centre,  p-o.,  Ovid  t.,  Seneca  co.,  N.  Y. 
(See  Ovid  t.) 

Owasco  Lake,  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y.,  is  12  miles 
long,  and  about  1  m.  wide.  Its  waters  are  pure, 
and  abound  with  trout  and  other  fish.  It3  banks 
present  much  picturesque  beauty. 

Owasco  outlet,  N.  Y.,  flows  from  Owasco 
lake,  2  ms.  s.  Auburn,  and  empties  into  Seneca 
r.,  in  the  town  of  Mentz.  It  affords  extensive 
water  power. 


Owasco,  p-t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y.  3  s.  e.  Au- 
burn, 162  w.  Albany,  334  W.  The  surface  is 
rolling ;  soil,  a  fertile  loam,  highly  cultivated. 
Owasco  lake  lies  on  its  s.  w.  border.  Drained 
by  small  streams  which  flow  into  the  lake.  The 
v.  contains  2  churches,  1  store,  25  dwellings,  and 
about  150  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  1  store, 
cap.  $5,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,100.  7  sch.  831  scholars. 
Pop.  1,319. 

Owasso,  p-t.,  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.,  82  n.  w. 
Detroit,  585  W.  The  v.  is  situated  on  Shiawas- 
see r.,  and  contains  a  store,  and  a  number  of 
dwellings.  The  t.  has  3  stores,  cap.  $6,000 ;  1 
flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,328. 
1  sch.  40  scholars.     Pop.  234. 

Owego,  creek,  N.  Y,  rises  in  Cortland  and 
Tompkins  counties,  and  enters  the  Susquehanna 
r.  at  Owego  v.  It  passes  several  pleasant  vil- 
lages, and  affords  extensive  water  power. 

Owego,  p-t.,  capital  of  Tioga  co.,  N.  Y.,  161 
w.  e.  w.  Albany,  275  W.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
with  extensive  flats  along  the  Susquehanna  r. 
Drained  by  Owego  cr.  and  Susquehanna  r.  The 
v.  is  situated  on  the  n.  side  of  the  Susquehanna 
r.  It  was  incorporated  in  1827,  and  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  county  clerk's  office,  an  acade- 
my, a  banking  house,  4  churches — 1  Presbyte- 
rian, 1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist — 30 
stores,  1  steam  furnace  and  machine  shop,  1 
woollen  fac,  1  flouring  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1  axe  fac, 
1  plaster  m.,  1  tannery,  1  pail  and  tub  fac,  2 
printing  offices,  300  dwellings,  and  about  1,800 
inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  36  stores,  cap. 
$196,000 ;  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspa- 
pers, 8  grist  m.,  52  saw  m.,  2  oil.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $93,684.  1  acad.  268  students,  1,399  schol- 
ars in  schools.     Pop.  5,310. 

Owen,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  n.  part,  of 
the  state,  and  contains  320  sq.  ms.  Kentucky  r. 
runs  on  its  s.  w.  border.  Drained  by  Eagle  cr. 
Capital,  New  Liberty.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  5,726,  sheep  11,810,  swine  19,800;  wheat 
61,020  bush,  produced,  rye  3,913,  Ind.  corn 
368,575,  oats  59,965,  potatoes  8,357,  tobacco 
776,969  pounds,  sugar  18,457;  13  stores,  cap. 
$36,100;  2  tanneries,  1  flouring  m.,  11  grist  m., 
12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $24,018.  17  sch. 
511  scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,915,  slaves  1,231, 
free  col'd  36  ;  total  8,232. 

Owen,  county,  la.  Situated  a  little  s.  w.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  3^6  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  gently  undulating ;  soil,  fertile 
and  well  timbered.  Watered  by  the  av.  fork  of 
White  r.  and  its  tributaries,  and  Miller.,  a  branch 
of  Eel  r.,  which  afford  extensive  water  power,  in 
the  vicinity  of  which  is  iron  ore.  Capital,  Spen- 
cer. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8.450.  sheep 
9,578,  swine  24,971 ;  wheat  47,082  bush.'  produced, 
rye  1,990,  Ind.  corn  387,050,  oats  45,265,  potatoes 
11,969,  tobacco  41,744  pounds,  sugar  69,131;  19 
stores,  cap.  $39,425 ;  1  woollen  fac,  4  tanneries, 
8  distilleries,  1  flouring  m.,  25  grist  m.,  16  sawm., 
1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $29,565.  19  sch.  553 
scholars.     Pop.  8,359. 

Owen  Hill,  p-o.,  Williamson  eo.,  Tenn. 

Owen's,  p-o.,  Scott  co.,  Ky.,  26  n.  e.  Frank- 
fort, 536  W. 

Owensboro',  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Daviess  co.. 
Ky.,  166  w.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  6J3  W.  Situated  on 
the  s.  side  of  Ohio  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
a  church,  5  stores,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Owen's  Station,  p-o.,  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  126 
E.  by  n.  Jefferson  City,  822  W. 

Owensville,  p-v.,  Somers  t.,  Westchester  co., 
N.  Y.,  115  s.  Albany,  283  W.  Situated  on  Cro- 
ton  r»,  and  contains  1  store,  1  paper  m.,  1  grist  m., 


OXF 


507 


OXF 


1  saw  m.,  1  clothier's  works,  and  15  or  ^dwell- 
ings. 

Owensville,  p-o.,  Stonelick  t.,  Clermont  co., 
O.,  100  s.  w.  Columbus,  471  W. 

Owensville,  p-v.,  Gibson  co.,  la.,  152  s.  w. 
Indianapolis,  722  W. 

Owensville,  p-v.,  Sampson  co.,  N.  C,  84  s. 
s.  k.  Raleigh,  336  W. 

Owensville,  p-v.,  Saline  co.,  Ark.,  33  s.  w. 
Little  Rock,  1,0'J8  W. 

Owensville,  p-o.,  Clay  co.,  Mo.,  174  w.  n.  w. 
Jefferson  City,  1,037  W. 

Owenton,  p-v.,  Owen  co.,  Ky.,  28  n.  Frank- 
fort, 551  W. 

Owing's  Mills,  p-o.,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  42 
N.  Annapolis,  52  W. 

Owingsville,  p-o.,  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md. 

Owingsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Bath  co.,  Ky., 
73  e.  Frankfort,  499  W.  Situated  a  little  w.  of 
Slate  cr.,  a  branch  of  Licking  r.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  2  stores,  and  251  inhabitants. 

Owl  Creek,  p-o.,  Knox  co.,  O. 

Owl  Prairie,  p-o.,  Daviess  co.,  la.,  90  s.  w. 
Indianapolis,  657  W. 

Oxbow,  p-v.,  Antwerp  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  N.  Y., 
176  n.  w.  Albany,  445  W.  Situated  on  Oswe- 
gatchie  r.,  and  contains  1  church,  3  stores,  1  grist 
m.,  1  sawm.,  1  pocket  furnace,  30  dwellings,  and 
about  230  inhabitants. 

Oxford,  county,  Me.  Situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  1,600  sq.  ms.  It  con- 
tains a  number  of  lakes  in  the  n.  part,  connected 
together,  which  flow  into  Umbagog  lake,  and 
thence  into  the  Androscoggin  r.,  by  which  and 
its  branches,  and  by  Saco  r.,  it  is  drained.  The 
surface  is  generally  rough,  and  in  some  parts 
mountainous  ;  but  much  of  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Capital,  Paris.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
24,995,  sheep  63,507,  swine  8,229  ;  wheat  66,696 
bush,  produced,  rye  29,312,  Ind.  corn  83,339, 
buckwheat  4,852,  barley  7,075,  oats  110,172,  pota- 
toes 669,684,  sugar  19,153  pounds  ;  59  stores,  cap. 
$51,258;  1  furnace,  10  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
26  tanneries,  6  flouring  m.,  37  grist  m.,  63  saw 
m.,  3  oil  m.,  1  paper  fac,  1  printing  office,  1  week- 
ly newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $129,444.  8 
acad.  359  students,  3J9  sch.  14,330  scholars.  Pop. 
38,351. 

Oxford,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  50  s.  w.  Augus- 
ta, 582  W.  The  soil  is  much  of  it  fertile,  adapted 
to  grain.  Drained  by  Little  Androscoggin  r.  It 
has  a  considerable  pond  in  the  s.  part,  which 
flows  into  the  r.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $3,400  ;  1 
tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $4,940.  12  sch.  516  scholars.  Pop.  1,254. 

Oxford,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  52  w.  Bos- 
ton, 394  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil,  a  fer- 
tile gravelly  loam.  Watered  by  French  r.,  a 
branch  of  Quinnebaug  r.,  which  affords  extensive 
water  power,  and  on  which  are  extensive  manu- 
factories. It  contains  a  Congregationalist  and  a 
Universalist  church.  The  v.  is  on  one  extended 
street,  rimning  n.  and  s.  Many  of  its  early  set- 
tlers were  French  Huguenots,  from  near  Rochelle, 
in  France.  There  are  in  the  t.  9  stores,  cap. 
$18,3 JO ;  3  woollen  fac,  4  grist  m.,  6  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $266,450.  1  acad.  30  students, 
11  sch.  500  scholars.     Pop.  1,742. 

Oxford,  p-t.,  New  Haven  co.,  Ct.,  55  s.  w. 
Hartford,  309  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil, 
a  fertile  gravelly  loam.  Housatonic  r.  runs  on  its 
s.  w.  border.  Drained  by  Naugatuck  r.  and  a 
branch,  which  affords  water  power.  The  v.  con- 
tains 2  churches — 1  Congregational  and  1  Episco- 
pal. There  are  in  the  t.  5  stores,  cap.  $8,90J ; 
4  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  2  distil- 
leries, 2  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac. 


$55,901).  1  acad.  25  students,  13  sch.  432  scholars. 
Pop.  1,626. 

Oxford,  p-t.,  Chenango  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  s.  Nor- 
wich, 109  w.  Albany,  328  W.  The  surface  is 
rolling;  soil,  fertile  and  well  cultivated.  Water- 
ed by  Chenango  r.,  along  which  passes  Chenan- 
go canal.  The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated  on  both 
sides  of  Chenango  r.  Incorporated  in  1808,  and 
contains  5  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal, 
1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Universalist;  an 
academy,  21  stores,  2  forwarding  houses,  1  grist 
m.,  1  plaster  m.,  1  iron  foundry,  1  tannery,  sever- 
al carriage  fac,  2  printing  offices,  180  dwellings, 
and  about  1,300  inhabitants.  The  Chenango 
canal  passes  through  the  v.  There  are  in  the  t. 
17  stores,  cap.  $62,500 ;  5  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  2  acad.,  339  students,  25  sen.  902  scholars. 
Pop.  3,179. 

Oxford,  t.,  Warren  co.,  N.  J.  The  surface  is 
broken  and  mountainous,  with  fertile  valleys. 
Delaware  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border.  Drained  by 
Pequest  cr.  and  its  tributary,  Beaver  brook,  which 
afford  water  power.  It  contains  Belvidere  v., 
the  capital  of  the  co.,  and  several  other  villages. 
It  has  12  stores,  cap.  $52,000 ;  2  tanneries,  4  dis- 
tilleries, 2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$29,800.     12  sch.  822  scholars.     Pop.  2,853. 

Oxford,  p-v.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  41  s.  w.  Phila- 
delphia, 69  e.  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  98  W.  It  contains 
a  Presbyterian  church,  2  stores,  and  15  or  20 
dwellings. 

Oxford,  t.,  Philadelphia  co.,  Pa.  Bounded  s. 
e.  by  Delaware  r.  The  surface  is  a  gentle  de- 
clivity ;  soil,  sandy  loam.  Watered  by  Tacony  cr., 
which  affords  water  power,  and  Sissisocksink 
cr.  It  contains  Frankford  b.  It  contains  an  in- 
sane asylum,  established  by  the  society  of 
Friends,  and  a  United  States  arsenal.  It  has  40 
stores,  cap.  $33,030 ;  3  lumber  yards,  cap.  $32,000  ; 
3  cotton  fac.  2,472  sp.,  1  tannery,  1  brewery,  1 
pottery.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $254,050.  6  sch.  313 
scholars.     Pop.  1,582. 

Oxford,  collection  (list.,  Md.  Tonnage,  1840, 
13,926. 

Oxford,  p-t.,  Butler  co.,  O.,  105  w.  s.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 502  W.  The  land  belongs  in  fee  simple 
to  the  Miami  University,  which  is  located  in  the 
t.  The  land  was  given  by  the  congress  of  the 
United  States,  and  now  yields  an  income  of  over 
$4,500  annually,  and  is  constantly  increasing. 
The  university  was  founded  in  1809,  and  con- 
tains a  president  and  5  professors  or  other  in- 
structors— has  279  alumni,  of  whom  80  have  been 
ministers  of  the  gospel — has  139  students,  and 
4,352  vols,  in  its  libraries.  The  commencement  is 
on  the  second  Thursday  in  August.  It  has  1  acad. 
162  students,  9  sch.  "264  scholars.    Pop.  3,338. 

Oxford,  t.,  Coshocton  co.,  O.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $2,290.    Pop.  760. 

Oxford,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  O.  It  has  2  sch.  66 
scholars.     Pop.  771. 

Oxford,  t.,  Erie  co.,  O.    Pop.  736. 

Oxford,  t.,  Guernsey  co.,  O.  It  has  6  sch.  240 
scholars.     Pop.  2,252. 

Oxford,  t.,  Tuscarawas  co.,  O.  It  has  3  com- 
mission houses,  cap.  $2,000 ;  5  stores,  cap.  $10,800 ; 
1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000.  7  sch.  293  scholars. 
Pop.  826.  m  _ 

Oxford,  p-t.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  42  s  w.  De- 
troit, 565  W.     Pop.  574. 

Oxford,  p-v.,  capital  of  Granville  co.,  IN.  C., 
45  n.  Raleigh,  256  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side 
of  Fishing  cr.,  6  ms.  s.  Tar  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  market  house,  hospital,  2  academies, 
3  churches— 1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist,  1  Presby- 
terian— and  450  inhabitants. 


PAG 


509 


PAT 


Oxford,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  111.,  122  n.  n.  w. 
Springfield,  851  W. 

Oxford,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  La  Fayette  co., 
Miss.,  160  n.  n.  k.  Jackson,  911  W.  It.  contains 
a  court  house  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Oxford  Furnace,  p-v.,  Oxford  t,  Warren  co., 
N.  J.,  52  n.  by  w.  Trenton,  210  W.  Situated  on 
a  branch  of  Pequest  cr.,  near  the  E.  line  of  the 
t.  A  furnace  was  erected  here  over  70  years 
since.  It  has  recently  been  rebuilt.  Abundance 
of  iron  ore  is  found  in  the  vicinity,  which  is  mag- 
netic, enclosed  in  walls  of  rotten  mica.  It  is  very 
rich,  and  easily  smelted. 

Oyster  Bay,  p-t.,  Queens  co.,  N.  Y.,  182  s.  by 
E.  Albany,  262  W.  It  is  a  large  t.,  extending 
across  Long  Island  from  N.  to  s.  The  surface  on 
the  n.  is  somewhat  hilly  ;  soil,  loam  and  stony  ; 
on  the  s.  it  is  level  and  sandy.  On  the  n.  is  a 
bay  of  the  same  name  in  Long  Island  sound. 
On  the  s.  is  Great  South  Bay,  which  sets  up  from 
the  Atlantic.  The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated  at 
the  head  of  Oyster  bay,  and  contains  1  Baptist, 
and  1  Friends  church,  4  stores,  1  grist  m.,  60 
dwellings,  and  about  40;)  inhabitants.  Several 
sloops  and  a  steamboat  ply  to  New  York.  It  is 
a  very  pleasant  summer  residence.  There  are 
in  the  t.  14  stores,  cap.  $43,000;  1  lumber  yard, 
cap.  $1,500;  4  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fee.,  1  tan- 
nery, 8  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$30,750.  1  acad.  30  students,  20  sch.  809  scholars. 
Pop.  5,865. 


Oyster  Bay,  N.  Y.,  sets  up  from  Long  Island 
sound,  and  is  connected  with  Oyster  Bay  harbor 
and  (  old  Spring  harbor.  It  abounds  with  wild 
fowl,  and  shell  and  scale  fish. 

Oyster  Bay  South,  p-v.,  Oyster  Bay  t., 
Queens  co.,  N.  Y.,  179  s.  by  e.  Albany,  259 
W. 

Oyster  Pond,v.,  Southold  t.,  Suffolk.,  co.,  N.Y. 
Situated  on  Oyster  Pond  harbor,  and  contains  2 
churches,  several  stores,  50  dwellings,  and  about 
300  inhabitants.  It  has  several  sloops  and 
schooners  which  trade  to  New  York.  (See 
Orient.) 

Ozan,  t.,  Hempstead  co.,  Ark.  It  has  II  stores, 
cap.  $116,400;  2  tanneries,  1  printing  office,  1 
weekly  newspaper,  4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m..  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $7,200.  1  acad.  38  students,  1  sch.  35 
scholars.     Pop.  1,403. 

Ozark,  county,  Mo.  Situated  on  the  southern 
border  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,200  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  the  n.  fork  of  White  r.  Capital, 
Ozark  C.  H. 

Ozark,  p-v.,  capital  of  Franklin  co.,  Ark.,  121 
N.  w.  Little  Rock,  1,186  W.  Situated  on  the  n. 
side  of  Arkansas  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Ozark,  p-v.,  Greene  co.,  Mo.,  172  s.  s.  w.  Jef- 
ferson City,  1,039  W. 

Ozark,  C.  H.,  v.,  Ozark  co.,  Mo.,  140  s.  Jeffer- 
son City.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  the  n.  fork 
of  White  r. 


P. 


Pace's,  p-o.,  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  124  s.  w.  Frank- 
fort, 660  W. 

Pacific  Ocean,  the,  forms  the  w.  boundary 
of  the  United  States,  and  therefore  deserves  a 
passing  notice  in  this  work.  It  lies  between 
Asia  and  America,  having  a  breadth  of  over 
10,000  miles.  It  was  first  navigated  by  Magel- 
lan, who  entered  it  through  the  dangerous  strait 
which  bears  his  name  ;  and,  after  entering  it,  in 
sailing  for  3  months  and  20  days  without  seeing 
land,  until  he  arrived  at  the  Ladrone  Islands, 
enjoying  an  uninterrupted  course  of  fine  weather, 
he  named  it  the  Pacific  Ocean,  though  it  is  not  less 
exposed  to  storms,  in  many  parts,  than  the  Atlan- 
tic. From  its  apparent  situation,  on  its  first  dis- 
covery, from  the  Isthmus  of  Darien,  it  obtained 
the  name  of  the  Great  South  Sea,  but  this  name 
is  now  obsolete.  It  is  generally  divided  into  the 
N.  and  s.  Pacific,  the  equator  being  the  dividing 
line  between  them. 

Packitta,  p-v.,  Early  co.,  Ga.,  166  s.  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  823  W. 

Pack's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Va. 
Pacolet,  r.,  N.  and  S.  C,  rises  in  the  Blue 
Ridge  in  N.  C,  and  enters  Broad  r.,  in  Union 
dist.,  S.  C,  at  Pinkeyville. 

Pactolus,  p-o.,  Pitt  co.,  N.  C,  114  e.  Raleigh, 
300  W. 

Paddock's  Grove,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  111.,  67  s. 
Springfield,  801  W. 

Paddy's  Run,  p-o.,  Morgan  t.,  Butler  co.,  O., 
114  w.  s.  w.  Columbus,  502  W. 

Paddytown,  p-v.,  Hampshire  co.,  Va.,  213  n. 
n.  w.  Richmond,  141  W.  Situated  on  the  Poto- 
mac r. 

Paducah,  p-v.,  capital  of  McCracken  co.,  Ky., 
234  w.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  816  W.  Situated  on  the 
8.  bank  of  the  Ohio  r.,  immediately  below  the  en- 
trance of  the  Tennessee  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  15  or  20  stores,  and  about  1,000  inhab 
itants. 
Page,  county,  Va.    Situated  toward  the  n.  e 


Sart  of  the  state,  and  contains  160  sq.  ms.    The 
!lue  Ridge  forms  its  E.  boundary.     Drained  by 
the  s.  fork  of  Shenandoah  r.     The  surface  is 

fenerally  hilly;  soil,  mostly  fertile.  Capital, 
,uray.  There  were  in  1810,  neat  cattle 
5,300,  sheep  5,223,  swine  12,517;  wheat  105,199 
bushels  produced,  rye  29,886,  Ind.  corn  155,784, 
buckwheat  1,412,  oats  29,166,  potatoes  14,742, 
tobacco  6,538  pounds  ;  11  stores,  cap.  $99,000  ;  2 
furnaces,  5  forges,  5  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  21 
flouring  m.,  14  grist  m.,  40  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $36,735.  11  sch.  257  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  5,195,  slaves  781,  free  col'd  216;  total, 
6,194. 

Pagesville,  p-v.,  Newberry  dist.,  S.  C,  49 
w.  n.  w.  Columbia,  514  W. 

Pahaquarry,  t.,  Warren  co.,  N.  J.,  15  n.  Bel- 
videre.  It  lies  between  Blue  mountain  and  Dela- 
ware r.,  which  bounds  it  w.  and  s.  w.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous,  excepting  on  the  r.,  where 
it  is  fertile  bottom  land.  The  Delaware  Water 
Gap,  where  the  r.  passes  Blue  mountain,  is  on  its 
s.  w.  boundary.  A  road  has  been  cut  out  of  the 
mountain  through  the  Gap,  without  which  it  was 
nearly  impassable  on  the  Jersey  side.  There 
are  in  the  t.  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $10,900.     Pop.  370. 

Paincourtville,  p-v.,  Assumption  par.,  La., 
81  w.  New  Orleans,  1,218. 

Pain's  Hollow,  p-o.,  German  Flats  t.,  Herki- 
mer co.,  N.  Y.,  74  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  385  W. 

Painsville,  p-v.,  Amelia  co.,  Va.,  49  s.  w 
Richmond,  166  W.  It  contains  1  Baptist  church 
and  about  60  inhabitants.  In  the  vicinity  are  1 
Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist  church,  2  stores, 
and  a  cotton  fac. 

Painsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  lake  co.,  O.,  30  e. 
Cleveland,  179  n.  e.  Columbus,  349  W.  It  is 
bounded  by  Lake  Erie  on  the  N.  Drained  by 
Grand  r.  It  contains  within  its  boundaries  the 
small  villages  called  cities  of  Fairport  and  Rich- 
mond, at  the  mouth  of  the  r.    The  v.  is  situated 


PAL 


509 


PAL 


near  the  centre,  on  a  high  bank  of  Grand  r.,  and 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  3  cliurclies — 1  Pres- 
byterian, 1  Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist — a  bank- 
ing house  for  the  bank  of  Geauga,  25  stores,  1 
flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  furnace.  Fairport,  2  ms. 
N.,  may  be  regarded  as  its  port,  where  is  a  good 
harbor,  and  which  is  connected  with  Painsville  by 
a  railroad.  There  are  in  the  t.  53  stores,  cap. 
$41,101);  1  furnace,  1  tannery,  2  printing  offices, 
3  weekly  newspapers,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,940.  1  acad.  120  students, 
9  sch.  975  scholars.     Pop.  2,580. 

Paint,  t.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  furnace, 
1  distillery,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $2,650.     Pop.  491. 

Paint,  l,  Somerset  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  fulling 
m.,  3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap  in  manufac. 
$l,65f).     Pop.  487. 

Paint,  cr.,  a  w.  branch  of  Scioto  r.,  rises  in 
Madison  co.  and  enters  the  Scioto,  5  miles  below 
Chilicothe.     It  is  about  60  ms.  long. 

Paint,  t.,  Holmes  county,  O.  Watered  by  a 
branch  of  Sugar  cr.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,810.    Pop.  1,361. 

Paint,  t.,  Highland  co.,  O.  It  has  6  sch.  410 
scholars.     Pop.  2,560. 

Paint,  t.,  Fayette  co.,  O.  It  contains  the  vil- 
lage of  Bloomingburg.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapt- 
ed to  grazing.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $30,000 ;  1 
saw  m.,  cap.  $3,500.  9  sch.  360  scholars.  Pop. 
1,210. 

Paint,  t.,  Ross  co.,  O.  Watered  on  the  w. 
and  s.  by  Paint  cr.,  and  in  the  middle  by  Buck- 
skin cr.    Pop.  1,380. 

Paint,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  O.,  95  n.  e.  Columbus. 
It  contains  the  villages  of  Mount  Eaton  and 
West  Lebanon.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $9,800  ;  3 
tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  flouring  m.,  5  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,430.     Pop.  1,610. 

Paint  Creek,  p-o.,  Kanawha  co.,  Va. 

Paint  Creek,  p-o.,  Floyd  co.,  Ky.,  160  e.  s. 
e.  Frankfort,  466  W. 

Paint  Creek,  p-o.,  Washtenaw  Co.,  Mich.,  36 
w.  Detroit,  511  W  . 

Painted  Post,  p-t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  22  s. 
■g  Bath,  210  w.  s.  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is 
hilly ;  soil,  gravelly  loam,  highly  productive  on 
the  streams.  Here  commences  a  navigable 
feeder  of  the  Chemung  canal.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $7,000  ;  1  grist  m.,  27  saw  m.  Cap  in  man- 
ufac. $21,750.  1  acad.  120  students,  10  sch.  463 
scholars.     Pop.  1,674. 

Painted  Post,  p-v.,  Erwin  t.,  Steuben  co., 
N.  Y.,  212  w.  by  s.  Albany,  236  W.  Situated 
at  the  junction  of  Conhocton  and  Tioga  rivers, 
which  here  form  Chemung  r.  It  contains  1 
Presbyterian  church,  8  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1 
saw  m.,  1  plaster  m.,  1  tannery,  60  dwellings,  and 
about  450  inhabitants.  The  falls  in  the  r.  here 
afford  great  water  power.  The  New  York  and 
Erie  railroad  is  laid  through  the  place.  It  is  on 
the  site  of  an  ancient  Indian  burying  ground,  and 
derives  its  name  from  a  painted  post  erected  by 
them  in  memory  of  a  distinguished  chief,  and  the 
inhabitants  have  perpetuated  a  similar  post  on 
the  same  spot.  Three  ms.  n.  is  a  mineral  spring 
of  some  celebrity. 

Painter's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Birmingham  t., 
Delaware  county,  Pa.,  80  e.  by  s.  Harrisburg, 
114  W. 

Paint  Lick,  p-o.,  Garrard  co.,  Ky.,  62  s.  s.  e. 
Frankfort,  560  W. 

Palatine,  p-t.,  Montgomery  co.,  N.  Y.,  56  w. 
N.  w.  Albany,  390  W.  The  surface  is  hilly. 
On  the  n.  side  of  the  Mohawk  is  the  promontory 
called  "  Anthony's  Nose."  The  soil  is  generally 
fertile.     Drained  by  Garoga  creek  flowing  into 


the  Mohawk,  which  bounds  it  on  the  s.  The 
v.  contains  1  Lutheran  church,  1  store,  1  grist  m., 
1  saw  m.,  1  plaster  m.,  1  lead  pipe  fac,  and  12  or 
15  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  2  stores,  cap. 
$4,500;  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$1,500.    3  sch.  115  scholars.    Pop.  2,823. 

Palatine  Bridge,  p-v.,  Palatine  t.,  Mont- 
gomery co.,  N.  Y.,  51  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  394  W. 
Situated  on  the  n.  side  of  Mohawk  r.,  opposite 
the  v.  of  Canajoharie,  with  which  it  is  connect- 
ed by  a  bridge.  It  contains  1  church,  3  stores,  30 
dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants.  Here  is  a 
fine  quarry  of  building  stone. 

Palatine  Hill,  p-o.,  Monongalia  co.,  Va., 
277  n.  w.  Richmond,  210  W. 

Palenville,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  N.  Y.,  54  s.  w 
Albany,  360  W. 

Palermo,  p-t.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  19  e.  n.  e.  Au- 
gusta, 614  W.  It  contains  a  large  pond,  with 
which  3  smaller  ones  are  connected,  and  the 
outlet  forms  a  head  branch  of  Sheepscot  r.  The 
surface  is  undulating;  soil,  fertile,  adapted  to 
grain.  Incorporated  in  1804.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $11,000;  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $19,000.  13  sch.  537  scholars.  Pop. 
1,534. 

Palermo,  p-t.,  Oswego  co.,  N.  Y.,  15  s.  e. 
Oswego,  157  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  380  W.  The 
surface  is  undulating ;  soil,  sandy  loam.  Drained 
by  Catfish  cr.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $45,100  ;  11 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,500.  15  sch.  696 
scholars.    Pop.  1,923. 

Palestine,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y.,  279 
w.  by  s.  Albany,  324  W. 

Palestine,  p-v.,  Greenbrier  co.,  Va. 

Palestine,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  Ga.,  49  N.  w. 
Milledgeville,  633  W. 

Palestine,  p-v.,  Hickman  co.,  Tenn.,  68  s.  w. 
Nashville,  745  W. 

Palestine,  p-o.,  Adams  co.,  Miss.,  110  s.  w. 
Jackson,  1,120  W. 

Palestine,  p-o.,  Washington  par.,  La.,  65  n. 
New  Orleans,  1,132  W. 

Palestine,  p-v.,  Darby  t.,  Pickaway  co.,  O., 
29  s.  Columbus,  422  W.  Situated  on  Deer  cr., 
and  contains  2  stores,  20  dwellings,  and  about 
100  inhabitants. 

Palestine,  v.,  Unity  t.,  Columbiana  co.,  O. 
It  has  1  sch.  55  scholars.    Pop.  83. 

Palestine,  p-v.,  Kosciusko  co.,  la.,  119  n. 
Indianapolis,  610  W. 

Palestine,  p-v.,  capital  of  Crawford  co.,  111., 
155  s.  e.  Springfield,  689  W.  Situated  3  ms.  from 
Wabash  r.,  on  the  borders  of  Lamotte  prairie.  It 
contains  a  court  house,  a  U.  S.  land  office,  2 
churches,  8  stores,  various  mechanic  shops,  and 
about  500  inhabitants. 

Palestine,  p-v.,  Cooper  co.,  Mo.,  42  w.  n.  w. 
Jefferson  City,  974  W.  There  are  in  the  t.  3 
sch.  107  scholars.    Pop.  1,354. 

Palisades,  are  a  lofty  range  of  precipitous 
rocks  along  the  w.  bank  of  the  Hudson  r.,  ex- 
tending for  the  distance  of  20  ms.  They  are,  in 
some  places,  from  300  to  500  feet  high,  almost 
perpendicular,  and  present  one  of  the  grand  fea- 
tures of  the  fine  scenery  on  this  interesting  r. 

Pall  Mall,  p-o.,  Fentress  co.,  Tenn.,  120  E. 
Nashville,  592  W. 

Palmer,  p-t.,  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  81  w. 
Boston,  391  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  fer- 
tile, particularly  along  the  streams.  Watered  by 
Ware  and  Swift  rivers,  which  afford  water 
power.  The  village,  at  the  centre,  contains  a 
Congregational  church,  and  12  or  15  dwellings. 
In  the  s.  w.  part  of  the  t.  is  a  manufacturing  v., 
at  the  junction  of  Ware  and  Swift  rivers  to  form 
Chicopee  r.,  which  contains  a  Baptist  church  and 


PAL 


510 


PAN 


about  25  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  8  stores, 
cap.  $33,000 ;  2  cotton  fac  22,000  sp.,  3  grist  m., 
3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $315,700.  14  sch. 
350  scholars.     Pop.  2, 13 J. 

Palmer  Depot,  p-v.,  Palmer  t.,  Hampden 
Mass.,  77  w.  Boston,  378  W.  On  the  line  of  the 
Boston  and  Albany  railroad,  in  the  E.  part  of  the 
t.,  and  contains  a  satinet  fac.  and  a  number  of 
dwellings. 

Palmer's  Springs,  p-o.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va., 
102  s.  w.  Richmond,  218  W. 

Palmer's  Tavern,  p-o.,  Prince  Georges  co., 
Md.,  50  s.  w.  Annapolis,  10  W. 

Palmertown,  mts.,  N.  Y.,  is  a  range  com- 
mencing in  the  n.  w.part  of  Washington  county, 
and  extending  jn  a  southerly  direction  between 
Lake  Champlain  and  Lake  George,  through  a 
part  of  Warren  and  Saratoga  cos.  Their  highest 
summits  are  from  1,000  to  1,200  feet. 

Palmyra,  p-t.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  49  n.  n.  e. 
Augusta,  644  W.  The  surface  is  undulating; 
soil,  very  fertile,  adapted  to  grain.  Drained  by 
Sebasticook  r.,  which  affords  good  water  power. 
It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $3,000 ;  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $1,650.  11  sch.  629  scholars.  Pop. 
1,500. 

Palmyra,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  N.  Y.,  195  w.  by 
N.  Albany,  352  W.  The  surface  is  slightly 
uneven  ;  soil,  a  fertile  calcareous  loam,  adapted 
to  grain.  Drained  by  Mud  cr.,  which  affords 
some  water  power.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the 
Erie  canal,  and  contains  4  churches — 1  Presby- 
terian, 1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist — 
an  academy,  36  stores  of  different  kinds,  1  steam 
grist  m.,  1  furnace,  2  carriage  fac,  various  me- 
chanic shops,  400  dwellings,  and  about  2,000  in- 
habitants. The  main  street  is  over  a  mile  long, 
touching  the  canal  at  both  ends,  and  finely  or- 
namented with  trees.  There  are  in  the  t.  20 
stores,  cap.  $69,300  ;  2  tanneries,  1  printing  office, 
1  weekly  newspaper,  1  fulling  m.,  3  grist  m.,  5 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $83,450.  2  acad.  77 
students,  15  sch.  662  scholars.     Pop.  3,549. 

Palmyra,  p-v.,  Londonderry  t.,  Lebanon  co., 
Pa.,  14  e.  Harrisburg,  124  W.  It  contains  3 
stores,  and  about  30  dwellings. 

Palmyra,  p-v.,  capital  of  Fluvanna  co.,  Va., 
62  w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  136  W.  Situated  on 
Rivanna  r.,  14  ms.  from  its  entrance  into  James  r. 
It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  1  Methodist  church, 
1  store,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
and  about  15  dwellings.  A  handsome  bridge 
here  crosses  Rivanna  r. 

Palmyra,  p-v.,  Halifax  co.,  N.  C,  115  n.  e. 
Raleigh,  239  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Roanoke  r. 

Palmyra,  p-v.,  Lee  co.,  Ga.,  128  s.  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  735  W. 

Palmyra,  p-v.,  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn.,  37  n. 
w.  Nashville,  744  W. 

Palmyra,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $500  ;  5  sch.  97  scholars.     Pop.  427. 

Palmyra,  p-t.,  Portage  co.,  O.,  152  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 310  W.  It  has  6  sch.  192  scholars. 
Pop.  1,359. 

Palmyra,  p-v.,  Harrison  co.,  la.,  116  s.  Indian- 
apolis, 620  W. 

Palmyra,  p-t,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  75  s.  w. 
Detroit,  493  W.  Watered  by  Raisin  r.  and  Bear 
cr.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain.  The 
v.  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  Raisin  r.,  which 
affords  extensive  water  power,  and  it  contains  2 
stores,  1  flouring  m.,  and  1  saw  m.  The  t.  has 
1  distillery,  1  flouring  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $61,500.    8  schools.     Pop.  823. 

Palmyra,  p-v.,  capital  of  Marion  co.,  Mo.,  Ill 
N.  n.  w.  Jefferson  City,  925  W.    Situated  8  ms. 


from  the  Missouri  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  3  handsome  brick  churches — 1  Presbyterian, 
1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist — a  United  States  land 
office,  and  2  printing  offices,  each  issuing  a 
weekly  newspaper.  Marion  college  is  12  ms.  w., 
and  the  Lower  college  6  ms.  s.  Both  are  man- 
ual labor  institutions. 

Pamaho,  p-o.,  Jones  co.,  Iowa. 

Pamelia,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  N.  Y.,  4  N.  Water- 
town,  16S  n.  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  gener- 
ally level ;  soil,  fertile  and  well  cultivated.  Wa- 
tered by  Perch  r.  and  Black  r.,  which  runs  on 
its  s.  border.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $44,150;  2 
fulling  m.,  1  cotton  fac.  2,424  sp.,  2  tanneries,  2 
grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $61,828. 
16  sch.  780  scholars.     Pop.  2,104. 

Pamelia  Four  Corners,  p-o.,  Pamelia  t., 
Jefferson  co.,  N.  Y.,  172  n.  w.  Albany,  424  W. 

Pamlico,  r.,  N.  C.,  is  that  part  of  Tar  r.  below 
Washington,  Beaufort  co.  It  is  a  broad  estuary 
40  ms.  long,  and  from  1  to  8  broad,  which  enters 
Pamlico  sound,  and  has  a  depth  of  water  suffi 
cient  lor  any  vessels  which  navigate  the  sound. 

Pamlico  Sound,  N.  C,  is  a  shallow  body  of 
water  80  ms.  long,  and  from  8  to  30  ms.  wide. 
It  is  separated  from  the  ocean  by  long  sandy 
islands,  scarcely  1  m.  wide,  covered  with  bushes, 
the  outer  point  of  one  of  which  is  Cape  Hat- 
teras.  The  principal  entrance  to  it  is  Ocracoke 
inlet.  It  is  connected  with  Albemarle  sound  m 
its  n.  part.  The  land  around  it  is  low,  and  in 
some  places  marshy.  It  receives  Tar  and 
Neuse  rivers. 

Pamunky,  r.,  Va.,  is  formed  by  the  union  of 
North  and  South  Anna  rivers,  between  Hanover 
and  Caroline  counties,  and  unites  with  Mat.tapony 
r.  between  New  Kent  and  King  William  cos., 
to  form  York  r. 

Pampack  Eddy,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  Pa. 

Panama,  p-o.,  Harmony  t.,  Chautauque  co., 
N.  Y.,  345  w.  by  s.  Albany,  324  W. 

Panama,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  III.,  199  n.  Spring- 
field, 862  W: 

Panhandle,  p-o.,  Stewart  co.,  Ga.,  149  s.  w. 
Milledgeville,  785  W. 

Panola,  county,  Miss.  Situated  in  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  760  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Tallahatchee  and  Cold  Water  rivers. 
Capital,  Panola.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 7,353,  sheep  1,189,  swine  15,092;  wheat  2,041 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  231,250,  oats  6,125, 
potatoes  3,600,  tobacco  4,000  pounds,  cotton 
463,272 ;  13  stores,  cap.  $54,050 ;  1  tannery,  5 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,400. 
4  sch.  92  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,237,  slaves 
2,415,  free  col'd  5;  total,  4,657. 

Panola,  p-v.,  capital  of  Panola  co.,  Miss.,  161 
n.  Jackson,  939  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of 
Tallahatchee  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  and 
about  100  inhabitants. 

Pantego,  p-o.,  Beaufort  co.,  N.  C,  156  e.  by 
s.  Raleigh,  342  W. 

Panther  Creek,  p-o.,  Surry  co.,  N.  C,  125 
w.  n.  w.  Raleigh,  336  W. 

Panther  Creek,  Morgan  co.,111.,  40  w.  s.  w. 
Springfield,  820  W. 

Panther  Gap,  p-o.,  Rockbridge  co.,  Va.,  170 
w.  Richmond,  212  VV. 

Panther  Springs,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn., 
220  e.  Nashville,  464  W. 

Pantherville,  p-o.,  De  Kalb  co.,  Ga.,  87  n. 
w.  Milledgeville,  6^2  W. 

Panton,  p-t.,  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  71  w.  s.  w. 
Montpelier,  494  W.  The  surface  is  level.  Wa- 
tered by  a  small  branch  of  Otter  Creek  r.  Lake 
Champlain  bounds  it  on  the  w.  Chartered  in 
1764,  but  not  settled  until  after  the  revolutionary 


PAR 


511 


PAR 


war.  It  has  1  acad.  9  students,  4  sch.  110  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  670. 

Paoli,  p-v.,  Fredypin  L,  Chester  ro.,  Pa.,  78 
E.  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  123  W.  Situated  16  ms.  w. 
by  N.  from  Philadelphia,  on  the  railroad  to  Lan- 
caster. Two  ms.  s.  w.  of  this  place  is  the  battle 
ground  where  Gen.  Wayne  was  defeated  by  a 
superior  British  force  under  Gen.  Grey,  Sept. 
20th,  1777,  when  many  Americans  were  shot 
down  after  they  had  surrendered.  A  suitable 
monument  has  been  erected  on  the  spot  to  their 
memory,  and  the  adjoining  field  is  appropriated 
to  a  military  parade  ground. 

Paom,  p-v.,  capital  of  Orange  co.,  la.,  94  s.  by 
w.  Indianapolis,  625  W.  Situated  on  Lick  cr., 
and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a  brick  seminary, 
6  stores,  various  mechanic  shops,  1  oil  m.,  1  cot- 
ton fac,  2  flouring  m.,  1  of  them  moved  by  horse 
power,  1  fulling  m.,  and  about  450  inhabitants. 

Paper  Mill  Village,  p  v.,  Cheshire  co ,  N. 
H.,  57  s.  w.  Concord,  451  W. 

Papertown,  p-v.,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa. 

Paperville,  p-v.,  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  309  e. 
Nashville,  384  W.  Situated  on  a  branch  of 
Holston  r. 

Paraclifta,  p-v.,  capital  of  Sevier  co.,  Ark., 
142  s.  w.  by  w.  Little  Rock,  1,207  W.  Situated 
on  N.  side  of  Little  r.,  a  branch  of  Red  r.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Paradise,  p-v.,  Strasburg  t.,  Lancaster  co., 
Pa.,  52  w.  Philadelphia,  46  E.  s.  E.  Harrisburg, 
119  W.  It  contains  1  store,  and  12  or  15  dwellings. 

Paradise,  t.,  York  co.,  Pa.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $14,000  ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  9  dis- 
tilleries, 6  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$17,200.     3  sch.  90  scholars.     Pop.  2,117. 

Paradise,  p-v.,  Cole  co.,111.,  81  e.  Springfield, 
703  W.  Situated  near  the  head  of  Little  Wa- 
bash r. 

Paradox  Lake,  N.  Y.,  lies  in  Schroon  t., 
Essex  co..  4  miles  long,  and  from  half  a  mile  to 

1  m.  wide.  There  are  many  small  lakes  in  the 
vicinity. 

Paradox,  p-o.,  Schroon  t.,  Essex  co.,  N.  Y., 
105  n.  Albany,  480  W. 

Parkham's  Store,  p-o.,  Sussex  co.,  Va.,  45 
8.  s.  E.  Richmond. 

Paris,  p-t.,  capital  of  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  39  w. 
by  s.  Augusta,  593  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ; 
soil,  fertile,  adapted  to  grain.  Watered  by  Lit- 
tle Androscoggin  r.,  which  affords  water  power. 
It  contains  a  pleasant  v.,  which  has  a  court  house, 
jail,  and  considerable  trade.  Incorporated  in 
1793.  It  has  10  stores,  cap.  $10,753  ;  1  woollen 
fac,  4  tanneries,  1  paper  fac,  1  printing  office,  1 
weekly  newspaper,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $27,295.  17  sch.  1,060  scholars. 
Pop.  2,454. 

Paris,  p-t.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  8  s.  Utica,  96  w. 
N.  w.  Albany,  378  W.  The  surface  is  elevated 
and  undulating ;  soil,  sandy  and  calcareous  loam, 
generally  well  cultivated.  Drained  by  Sada- 
quada  cr.,  which  affords  good  water  power.  The 
v.,  called  Paris  Hill,  is  situated  on  elevated 
ground,  and  contains  3  churches — 1  Presbyte- 
rian, 1  Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist — 2  stores,  and 
150  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  7  stores, 
cap.  $16,900 ;  2  fulling  m.,  3  cotton  fac.  4,152  sp., 

2  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  2  paper  fac,  5  grist  m., 
12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $152,400.  1  acad. 
47  students,  15  sch.  864  scholars.     Pop.  2,844. 

Paris,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  232  w.  Har- 
risburg, 257  W. 

Paris,  p-v.,  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  129  n.  by  w. 
Richmond,  59  W.  It  contains  1  church,  free  to 
all  denominations,  3  stores,  and  about  25  dwell- 
ings. 


Paris,  p-v.,  capital  of  Henry  co.,  Tenn.,  93  w. 
Nashville,  784  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of  a 
branch  of  Little  Sandy  r.,  which  flows  into  Ten- 
nessee r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  several 
stores,  and  about  250  inhabitants. 

Paris,  p-v.,  capital  of  Bourbon  co.,  Ky.,  36  e. 
Frankfort,  507  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  fork  of 
Licking  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  2 
churches,  10  stores,  3  acad.  110  students,  2  sch. 
28  scholars,  and  1,197  inhabitants. 

Paris,  p-v.,  Stark  t.  and  co.,  O.,  135  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 302  W.  It  has  2  churches,  4  stores,  15 
or  20  mechanic  shops,  1  air  furnace,  1  tannery, 
50  dwellings,  and  about  300  inhabitants. 

Paris,  t.,  Stark  co.,  O.  The  surface  is  rolling 
and  hilly  ;  soil,  fertile.  Drained  by  Sandy  cr., 
which  affords  water  power.  It  has  977  scholars 
in  schools.     Pop.  2,474. 

Paris,  t.,  Portage  co.,  O.  Situated  in  the  e. 
part  of  the  co.  It  has  5  sch.  165  scholars.  Pop. 
936. 

Paris,  t.,  Union  co.,  O.  It  contains  the  v.  of 
Marysville,  the  county  seat.  It  has  5  sch.  148 
scholars.     Pop.  789. 

Paris,  p-v.,  Jennings  co.,  la.,  77  s.  s.  E.  In- 
dianapolis, 578  W.  Situated  near  the  s.  fork  of 
Muscatatack  cr.,  and  contains  3  stores,  various 
mechanic  shops,  and  about  150  inhabitants. 

Paris,  p-v.,  capital  of  Edgar  co.,  111.,  114  e. 
Springfield,  665  W.  Situated  on  the  borders  of 
a  rich  prairie,  and  contains  a  brick  court  house, 
9  stores,  60  dwellings,  and  about  350  inhabitants 

Paris,  p-v.,  capital  of  Monroe  co.,  Mo.,  71  n. 
Jefferson  City.  Situated  on  s.  side  of  Middle 
fork  of  Salt  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  3 
churches,  6  stores,  and  about  400  inhabitants. 

Parisburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Giles  co.,  Va.  Sit- 
uated on  the  s.  side  of  New  r.,  a  principal  branch 
of  Great  Kanawha  r.     (See  Giles  C.  H.) 

Paris  Furnace,  p-o.,  Paris  t.,  Oneida  co.,  N. 
Y.,  88  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  377  W. 

Parisville,  p-o.,  Paris  t.,  Portage  co.,  O.,  150- 
n.  e.  Columbus,  313  W. 

Parish,  p-t.,  Oswego  co.,  N.  Y.,  22  e.  Oswego,. 
147  w.  N.  w.  Albany,  376  W.  The  surface  is 
undulating  ;  soil,  a  fertile  sandy  loam.  Drained 
by  Salmon  cr.  and  its  tributaries.  The  v.  con- 
tains 1  church,  1  store,  1  grist  m.,  25  dwellings, 
and  about  150  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t. 
2  stores,  cap.  $7,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  grist  m.,  4 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,700.  16  sch.  404 
scholars.    Pop.  1,543. 

Parish  Grove,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  la.,  103  n. 
w.  Indianapolis,  664  W. 

Parishville,  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.  Y.,  15/ 
e.  Canton,  221  n.  w.  by  n.  Albany,  505  W.  The 
surface  is  hilly  s.,  rolling  on  the  n.  ;  soil,  a  warm 
sandy  loam.  Watered  by  St.  Regis,  Racket, 
Grass,  and  Oswegatchie  rivers.  The  t.  is  40  ms. 
long.  The  v.  is  situated  on  St.  Regis  r.,  which 
affords  water  power,  and  contains  1  Congrega- 
tional and  1  Baptist  church,  3  stores,  1  grist  m., 
1  saw  m.,  2  clothiers'  works,  1  pocket  furnace,  1 
tannery,  49  dwellings,  and  about  3  JO  inhabitants. 
There  are  in  the  t.  5  stores,  cap.  $13,600;  1  fur- 
nace, 1  forge,  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  1  grist  m.,  6 
sawm.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $21,900;  Id  sch.  800 
scholars.    Pop.  2,250. 

Parkersburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Wood  co.,  Va., 
335  n.  w.  by  w.  Richmond,  3  >3  W.  Situated  on 
the  n.  side  of  Little  Kanawha  r.,  at  its  junction 
with  Ohio  r.,  opposite  to  Be! pre  in  Ohio.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house  and  10  stores. 

Parke,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  w.  part  of 
the  state,  and  contains  450  sq.  ms.  Surface  level ; 
soil,  fertile.  Wabash  r.  bounds  it  on  the  w. 
Drained  by  Big  and  Little  Racoon  and  Sugar 


PAR 


512 


PAS 


creeks.  Capital,  Rockville.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  14,255,  sheep  18,858,  swine  43,126; 
wheat  107,183  bush,  produced,  rye  4,025,  Indian 
corn  942,850,  oats  137,140,  potatoes  23,067,  tobac- 
co 15,150  pounds,  sugar  125,576;  29  stores,  cap. 
$120,500;  1  furnace,  2  fulling  m.,  11  tanneries, 
21  distilleries,  1  pottery,  9  flouring  m.,  26  grist  m., 
44  saw  m.,  4  oil  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $148,880.  2  a  cad. 
150  students,  54  sch.  1,841  scholars.    Pop.  13,499. 

Parkersburg,  p-v.,  Montgomery  co.,  la.,  44 
w.  N.  w.  Indianapolis,  615  W. 

Parkersburg,  p-v.,  Richland  co.,  111.,  140  s.  e. 
Springfield,  740  W. 

Parker's  Store,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Ga. 

Parkersville,  p-o.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  79  e.  s. 
e.  Harrisburg. 

Parkersburg,  p-v.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  57  e.  s. 
e.  Harrisburg,  117  W. 

Park,  t.,  St.  Joseph's  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1  flour- 
ing m.,  2  saw  m.,  5  sch.  85  scholars.     Pop.  331. 

Park  Head,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Md. 

Park  Hill,  p-v.,  and  missionary  station,  Che- 
rokee Nation,  Indian  ter.  Situated  a  little  n.  of 
Arkansas  r. 

Parkison,  p-o.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa. 

Parkman,  p-t.,  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.,  71  n.  by 
E.  Augusta,  666  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted 
to  grain.  Drained  by  a  head  branch  of  Piscata- 
quis r.  Incorporated  in  1822.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $1,500 ;  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  12  sch.  546 
scholars.    Pop.  1,205. 

Parkman,  p-t.,  Geauga  co.,  O.,  162  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 321  W.  Situated  on  head  waters  of 
Grand  r.  Drained  by  a  branch  of  Cuyahoga  r., 
which  affords  good  water  power.  It  has  4  saw 
m.,  1  acad.  18  students,  3  sch.  128  scholars. 
Pop.  1,181. 

Park's,  p-o.,  Edgefield  dist.,  S.  C,  108  w.  Co- 
lumbia, 570  W. 

Park's,  p-o.,  Scott  co.,  Iowa. 

Park's  Bridge,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  Ga.,  36  n. 
Milledgeville,  612  W. 

Parksville,  p-v.,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  Y.,  116  s. 
w.  Albany,  308  W. 

Parkville,  p-v.,  Platte  co.,  Mo. 

Parma,  p-t.,  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  n.  w.  Ro- 
chester, 231  w.  by  n.  Albany,  380  W.  The  sur- 
face is  generally  level ;  soil,  sandy  and  gravelly 
loam.  Drained  by  Salmon  and  Little  Salmon 
creeks,  flowing  into  Lake  Ontario,  which  bounds 
it  on  the  N.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  Ridge  road, 
and  contains  2  churches,  3  stores,  30  dwellings, 
and  about  200  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  3 
stores,  cap.  $11,200;  2  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  2 
grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $23,300.  17 
sch.  914  scholars.     Pop.  2,652. 

Parma,  p-t.,  Cuyahoga  co.,  O.,  6  s.  Cleveland, 
137  n.  E.  Columbus,  367  W.  The  surface  is 
chiefly  level ;  soil,  a  fertile  loam,  well  adapted 
to  grass.  Drained  by  a  branch  of  Cuyahoga  r. 
It  has  1  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.,  7  sch.  334  scholars. 
Pop.  963. 

Parma,  t.,  Jackson  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $2,500 ;  1  sch.  55  scholars.     Pop.  525. 

Parma  Centre,  p-o.,  Parma  t.,  Monroe  co., 
N.  Y.,  234  w.  by  n.  Albany,  383  W. 

Parnassus,  p-o.,  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  133  w.  n. 
w.  Richmond,  152  W. 

Parnassus,  p-o.,  Marlborough  dist.,  S.  C,  116 
N.  E.  Columbia. 

Parrottsville,  p-v.,  Cocke  co.,  Tenn.,  23/ 
E.  Nashville,  460  W. 

Parrysville,  p-v.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  99 
E.  N.  E.  Harrisburg,  199  W. 

Parsippanv,  p-v.,  Hanover  t.,  Morris  co.,  N. 
J.,  60  n.  Trenton,  231  W.    Situated  on  Parsippa- 


ny  r.,  and  contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Method- 
ist church,  an  academy,  2  stores,  2  grist  m.,  and 
about  20  dwellings. 

Parsonsfield,  p-t.,  York  co.,  Me.,  86  w.  s.  w. 
Augusta,  538  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  rough ; 
soil,  generally  productive.  In  its  e.  part  is  a  large 
pond,  the  outlet  of  which  flows  into  Ossipee  r., 
by  which  it  is  watered.  It  has  7  stores,  cap. 
$14,600;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $1,000;  1  fulling 
m.,  4  tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1  oil  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,871.  1  acad.  225  students, 
20  sch.  473  scholars.     Pop.  2,442. 

Parson's  Creek,  t.,  Linn.,  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  501. 

Parson's  Mills,  p-o.,  Guilford  co.,  N.  C. 

Partlows,  p-o.,  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va.,  92  n. 
Richmond,  83  W. 

Partnership,  p-o.,  Charles  co.,  Md. 

Partridge  Island,  p-o.,  Hancock  t.,  Dela- 
ware co.,  N.  Y.,  116  s.  w.  Albany,  298  W. 

Partridge  Point,  p-o.,  Tazewell  co.,  111.,  81 
n.  Springfield,  795  W. 

Pascagoula,  r.,  Miss.,  is  formed  by  the  union 
of  Chickasawhay  and  Leaf  rivers,  and  after  a 
course  of  200  ms.  s.,  falls  into  Pascagoula  sound 
of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is  navigable  for  50 
ms.  for  vessels  drawing  6  feet  water,  and  150  ms. 
for  boats. 

Pascagoula,  sound,  Miss,  and  Ala.  Situated 
off  the  mouth  of  Pascagoula  r.,  in  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  low,  nar- 
row islands.  It  is  about  55  ms.  long,  with  an 
average  breadth  of  8  ms. 

Pascagoula,  v.,  Jackson  co.,  Miss.  Situated 
on  the  e.  side  of  Pascagoula  r.,  at  its  entrance 
into  Pascagoula  bay. 

Paskack,  p-v.,  Washington  t.,  Passaic  co.,  N 
J.,  83  n.  N.  E.  Trenton,  254  W.  Situated  on  the 
w.  side  of  Hackensack  r. 

Pasquotank,  r.,  N.  C,  rises  in  the  Dismal 
Swamp,  and  runs  s.  e.  into  Albemarle  sound.  It 
is  connected  with  Elizabeth  r.  by  a  canal,  which 
forms  a  communication  between  Hampton  roads 
and  Albemarle  sound.  This  canal  is  23  miles 
long,  6?  feet  deep,  46  feet  wide,  and  at  intervals 
of  a  quarter  of  a  m.,  60  feet  wide,  for  turn-out 
stations.  It  has  a  navigable  feeder  of  5  ms.  from 
Lake  Drummond,  and  is  an  important  channel  of 
communication  between  Norfolk  and  the  South. 

Pasquotank,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the 
N.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  300  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  level,  and  in  some  parts  marshy. 
The  soil  which  is  capable  of  cultivation,  is  gen- 
erally fertile.  Pasquotank  r.  runs  on  its  N.  E. 
border.  Capital,  Elizabeth.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  5,719,  sheep  3,415,  swine  15,605; 
wheat  19,130  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  473,970, 
oats  45,101,  potatoes  21,065 ;  26  stores,  capital 
$194,850;  1  tannery,  10  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1 
printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $41,800.  2  acad.  78  students,  5  sch. 
103  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,650,  slaves  2,943, 
free  col'd  1,076 ;  total,  8,514. 

Passadumkeag,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  100 
N.  E.  Augusta,  695  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side 
of  Penobscot  r.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to 
grain.  Drained  by  Passadumkcag  r.  and  Cold- 
stream, its  tributary,  both  flowing  from  ponds, 
and  after  their  junction,  passing  into  the  Penob- 
scot. The  v.  is  situated  at  the  junction  of  the 
Passadumkeag  r.  with  the  Penobscot.  There  are 
in  the  t.  6  sch.  169  scholars.     Pop.  334. 

Passaic,  r.,  N.  J.,  rises  in  Mendham,  Morris 
co.,  and  though  flowing  through  a  mountainous 
country,  is  generally  a  winding  and  sluggish 
stream,  though  it  has  some  falls  which  afford  good 
mill  seats,  particularly  the  great  falls  at  Paterson, 
where  it  has  a  perpendicular  descent  of  50  feet. 


PAT 


513 


PAT 


and  a  total  fall  of  70  feet,  and  is  about  60  feet 
wide,  affording:  an  immense  water  power  It 
finally  enters  Newark  bay.  It  is  navigable  for 
sloops  to  Acquackanonck,'  12  ins.  It  has  marshes 
on  its  borders  near  its  mouth.  Its  whole  length 
is  about  70  ins. 

Passaic,  county,  N.  J.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  18!)  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Passaic  r.  and  its  tributaries.  The  surface 
is  uneven  ;  soil,  generally  fertile.  Capital,  Pat- 
erson.  There  were  in  IS  10,  neat  cattle,  5,532 
sheep  5,075.  swine  4,565  ;  wheat  5,190  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  36,721,  Ind.  corn  70,874,  buckwheat 
2  1,0 12.  oats  45,945,  potatoes  78,8  S6 ;  126  stores, 
cap.  8226,300;  4  lumber  yards,  cap.  $25,000;  1 
furnace,  18  forges,  4  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fee,  20 
cotton  lac.  46,056  sp.,  2  dyeing  and  printing  es- 
tablishments, 7  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  brewery, 
13  grist  m.,  21  saw  m.,  4  paper  fac,  2  printing  of- 
fices, 2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$1,931,970.  3acad.  12J  students,  41  sch.  1,987 
scholars.     Pop.  16,734. 

Passamaquoddy,  bay,  Me.,  lies  partly  in  the 
state  of  Maine,  and  partly  in  the  British  province 
of  New  Brunswick.  Its  entrance  is  about  6  ms. 
wide  from  \.  to  s.,  and  its  length  is  about  12  ms. 
Campobello  island  divides  the  entrance  into 2  pas- 
sages. It  also  contains  Deer  island.  The  bay 
is  well  sheltered,  has  everywhere  a  sufficient 
depth  of  water  for  the  largest  vessels,  and  is 
never  closed  by  ice.  Its  waters  abound  with 
mackerel,  cod,  herring,  and  other  fish.  The  tide 
varies  from  25  to  33  feet.  The  boundary  of  the 
United  States  passes  on  the  w.  side  of  Campobello 
island,  into  the  St.  Croix  r.,  which  enters  the  n. 
vv .  part  of  this  bay. 

Pass  Christian,  p-v.,  Harrison  co.,  Miss.  Sit- 
uated on  the  e.  side  of  the  entrance  into  the  Bay 
of  St.  Louis,  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Pasumpsic,  r.,  Vt.,  rises  from  a  pond  on  the  E. 
line  of  Wetmore  t.,  and  pursues  a  s.  course  until 
it  falls  into  Connecticut  r.,  a  mile  below  the  foot 
of  Fifteen  Mile  falls.  It  has  several  falls,  partic- 
ularly in  the  s.  part  of  Lyndon,  where  it  de- 
scends 65  feet  in  the  distance  of  30  rods,  pro- 
ducing a  great  water  power.  Its  length  is  about 
31  ms. 

Pasumpsic,  p-v.,  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  41  E. 
Montpelier,  542  W. 

Passyunk,  t.,  Philadelphia  co.,  Pa.  The  sur- 
face is  level ;  soil,  alluvion  and  loam.  It  includes 
the  w.  part  of  the  tongue  of  land  between  the 
Delaware  and  Schuylkill  rivers,  below  the  city 
of  Philadelphia.  League  island,  in  the  Delaware 
r.,  belongs  to  it.  It  is  covered  with  gardens  and 
meadows.  The  bank  of  the  Schuylkill,  which 
bounds  it  on  the  w.,  is  high  and  steep,  and  along 
it  is  a  pleasant  drive.  It  has  a  cap.  in  manufac. 
of  836,225.     Pop.  1,594. 

Patapsco,  r.,  Md.,  rises  in  Baltimore  co.,  and 
enters  Chesapeake  bay,  by  a  broad  estuary,  be- 
tween North  point  and  Bodkin's  point.  It  is  nav- 
igable to  Fell  s  point,  in  Baltimore,  14  ms.,  for 
vessels  drawing  18  feet  of  water.  In  its  course, 
it  affords  extensive  water  power. 

Patch  Grove,  p-o.,  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  110  w. 
Madison,  942  W. 

Patchin's  Mills,  p-o.,  Conhocton  t.,  Steuben 
co.,  N.  Y.,  238  w.  by  s.  Albany,  323  W. 

Patchogue,  p-v.,  Brookhaven  t.,  Suffolk  co., 
N.  Y.,  60  e.  New  York,  204  s.  s.  e.  Albany,  281 
W.  It  is  situated  on  the  s.  side  of  Long  Island, 
and  contains  1  Congregational  and  1  Methodist 
church,  5  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  paper  m.,  2  cotton 
fac,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  80  dwellings, 
and  about  500  inhabitants.  It  is  near  Great  South 
bay,  and  is  much  resorted  to  for  fishing  and  fowl- 


ing.   A  small  settlement,  called  Blue  Point,  ex- 
tends s.  to  the  hay. 

Paterson,  p-v.,  capital  of  Passaic  co.,  N.  J.,  is 
situated  on  the  Passaic  r.,  near  the  great  falls,  and 
4  ms.  from  tidewater,  13  x.  Newark,  75  n.  e.  by  n. 
Trenton,  17  jv.  New  York,  214  W.  It  was  estab- 
lished by  a  society,  incorporated  in  1791,  with  a 
capital  of  $1,000,000,  for  the  establishment  of 
manufactures,  projected  by  Alexander  Hamilton. 
The  plans  of  the  company  were  broad,  and  after 
heavy  expenditures,  through  the  many  obstacles 
with  which  manufactures  had  then  to  struggle, 
the  objects  of  the  company  in  a  great  measure 
failed,  and  were  abandoned.  But  their  succes- 
sors took  up  the  work,  and  have  carried  it  forward 
to  distinguished  success.  By  a  dam  in  the  r.,  4± 
feet  high,  and  a  canal  round  the  falls,  a  vast  wa- 
ter power  is  afforded,  and  a  great  manufacturing 
village  has  grown  up.  It  has  a  court  house  and 
jail,  and  many  spacious  manufactories,  built 
chiefly  of  stone.  There  are  9  churches — 1  Pres- 
byterian, 2  Dutch  Reformed,  1  Methodist,  1  Re- 
formed Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  1 
True  Reformed  Dutch,  and  1  Roman  Catholic 
There  is  a  philosophical  society  of  young  men, 
who  have  a  respectable  library,  and  a  mechanics' 
society  for  the  advancement  of  science  and  the 
mechanic  arts,  with  a  library  and  philosophical 
apparatus.  The  Morris  canal,  which  passes  near 
the  village,  and  a  railroad  to  Jersey  City,  give  it 
an  easy  access  to  the  city  of  New  York.  The 
falls  of  the  Passaic,  at  this  place,  by  their  pictur- 
esque beauties,  attract  many  visiters.  The  river 
has  a  perpendicular  fall  of  72  feet,  and  when  the 
water  is  high,  the  fall  is  not  only  beautiful  but 
grand. 

There  were  in  1840,  104  stores,  cap.  $192,950; 
machinery  manufactured,  value  $607,000  ;  4  full- 
ing m.,  1  woollen  fac,  cap.  $20,000 ;  19  cotton 
fac.  45,056  sp.,  with  2  dyeing  and  printing  estab- 
lishments, cap.  $926,000 ;  1  tannery,  2  paper  fac, 
cap.  $82,000  ;  1  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  bind- 
eries, 2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$1,792,500.  1  acad.  80  students,  16  sch.  1,006 
scholars.     Pop.  7,596. 

Patoka,  r.,  la.,  rises  in  Orange  co.,  and  pursues 
a  westerly  course  until  it  enters  Wabash  r.,  one 
or  two  miles  below  the  mouth  of  White  r.,  oppo- 
site to  Mount  Carmel,  I1L 

Patoka,  p-t,  Gibson  co.,  la.,  138  s.  w.  Indian- 
apolis, 708  W.  It  has  7  sch.  217  scholars.  Pop. 
2,343. 

Patrick,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  541  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  branches  of  Smith's,  S.  Mayo,  and  Little  Dan 
rivers.  The  Blue  Ridge  runs  on  its  n.  w.  bound- 
ary. Capital,  Taylorsville.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  6,988,  sheep  6,047,  swine  24,292; 
wheat  2^,469  bush,  produced,  rye  3,180,  Indian 
corn  222,964,  buckwheat  359,  oats  68,940,  pota- 
toes 13,114,  tobacco  618,334  pounds;  7  stores, 
cap.  $20,800  ;  5  tanneries,  1  flouring  m.,  31  grist 
m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,000.  5  sch. 
120  scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,087,  slaves  1,842,  free 
col'd  103 ;  total,  8,032. 

Patrick,  C.  II.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Patrick  co., 
Va.,  226  w.  s.  w.  Richmond,  301  W.  (See  Tay- 
lorsville, Patrick  co.,  Va.) 

Patricktown,  p-t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  15  k. 
Augusta,  611  W.  Drained  by  head  branches  of 
Sheepscot  and  Damariscotta  rivers.  It  contains 
a  large  pond  in  its  w.  part,  which  flows  to  the 
Sheepscot  r.  The  soil  is  fertile.  It  has  4  saw 
m.,  3  sch.  143  scholars.     Pop.  506. 

Patriot,  p-v.,  Switzerland  co.,  la.,  105  8.  K. 
Indianapolis,  536  W.     Situated  on  Ohio  r. 

Patriot,  p-v.,  Perry  t.,  Gallia  co.,  O.,  97  8.  s 


PAU 


514 


PAW 


E.  Columbus,  381  W.  It  was  formerly  called 
Greenville,  and  contains  several  stores,  and  40  or 
50  dwellings. 

Patten,  t.,  Centre  co.,  Pa.  It  has  3  sch.  90 
scholars.     Pop.  473. 

Patten's  Mills,  p-o.,  Fort  Ann  t.,  Washing- 
ton co.,  N.  Y.,  59  n.  Albany,  431  W. 

Patterson,  p-t.,  Putnam  co.,  N.  Y.,  92  s.  Al- 
bany, 295  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  fertile 
in  the  valleys.  Drained  by  Croton  r.  The  v.  is 
situated  on  Croton  r.,  and  contains  1  Presbyte- 
rian and  1  Episcopal  church,  an  academy,  2 
stores,  1  grist  m.,  25  dwellings,  and  about  150  in- 
habitants. There  are  in  the  t.  5  stores,  cap. 
$24,500  ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,400.  10  sch.  384 
scholars.    Pop.  1,349. 

Patterson,  p-o.,  Thompson  t.,  Delaware  co., 
C\,  40  n.  Columbus,  424  W. 

Patterson,  p-v.,  St.  Genevieve  co.,  Mo.,  176 
E.  s.  E.  Jefferson  City,  864  W. 

Patterson's  Mills,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Pa., 
223  w.  Harrisburg,  252  W. 

Patterson's  Store,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C, 
59  n.  w.  Raleigh,  310  W. 

Pattonsburg,  p-v.,  Bottetourt  co.,  Va.,  166  w. 
Richmond,  213  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of 
James  r.,  opposite  to  Buchanan,  with  which  it  is 
connected  by  a  bridge.  The  2  places,  which  are 
in  fact  one  v.,  contain  1  church,  free  to  all  de- 
nominations, 8  stores,  2  tobacco  fac,  1  cordage 
fac:,  1  iron  foundry,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  50 
dwellings,  and  about  360  inhabitants. 

Pattonsville,  p-v.,  Granville  co.,  N.  C,  40 
N.  Raleigh,  266  W. 

Patuxent,  r.,  Md.,  rises  in  the  n.  part  of 
Montgomery  and  Anne  Arundel  counties,  and 
flowing  s.  e.  40  miles,  it  turns  to  the  s.  and  flows 
50  ms.,  nearly  parallel  with  Chesapeake  bay,  un- 
til it  enters  a  large  estuary  on  the  w.  side  of  that 
bay.  It  is  navigable  for  vessels  of  250  tons,  50 
ms.  to  Nottingham. 

Patuxent  Forge,  p-o.,  Anne  Arundel  co., 
Md.,  25  n.  w.  Annapolis,  28  W. 

Paulding,  county,  Ga.  Situated  toward  the 
N.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  600  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  head  branches  of  Tallapoosa  r.,  and 
by  tributaries  of  Etowah  r.  Capital,  Van  Wert. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,804,  sheep 
995,  swine  10,937;  wheat  11,863  bush,  produced, 
Ind.  corn  120,170,  oats  6,012,  potatoes  1,556,  to- 
bacco 1,630  pounds,  cotton  118,723;  3  stores, 
cap.  $6,700  ;  2  distilleries,  3  breweries,  2  grist.,  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,440.  3  sch.  68 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,102,  slaves  451 ;  total, 
2,556. 

Paulding,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  432  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  level;  soil,  very  fertile,  adapted  to 
grain.  Drained  by  Maumee  and  Auglaize  rs. 
Capital,  Charloe.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 201,  sheep  85,  swine  736  ;  wheat  3,852  bush, 
produced,  Ind.  corn  8,420,  oats  2,749,  potatoes 
2,518,  sugar  3,316  pounds;  2  stores,  cap.  $2,700; 
1  sch.  28  scholars.     Pop.  1,034. 

Paulding,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jasper  co.,  Miss., 
109  e.  s.  E.  Jackson,  987  W.  Situated  on  the 
head  waters  of  Leaf  r.  It  contains  a  court  house 
and  a  few  dwellings. 

Paulinskill,  r.,  N.  J.,  rises  in  Sussex  co.,  and 
flowing  s.  w.,  on  the  border  of  Warren  co.,  en- 
ters Delaware  r.  in  the  s.  w.  corner  of  Warren 
county. 

Paulina,  v.,  Hancock  t.,  Delaware  co.,  N.  Y. 
Situated  on  a  small  cr.,  2  ms.  n.  of  Delaware  r. 
It  contains  1  store,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  rn.,  1  stave 
machine,  and  15  or  20  dwellings. 


Pavilion,  p-t.,  Genesee  co.,  N.  Y.,  243  w.  Al- 
bany, 361  W.  The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  clay- 
loam,  adapted  well  to  wheat.  Drained  by  Al- 
len's cr.  The  v.  is  situated  on  Allen's  cr.,  and 
contains  1  Baptist  and  1  Universalist  church,  2 
stores,  1  clothier's  works,  30  dwellings,  and  about 
200  inhabitants. 

Pavilion,  p-t.,  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  138  w. 
Detroit,  600  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to 
grain.  Watered  by  the  Sandy  lakes,  and  by 
branches  of  St.  Joseph's  r.  It  has  2  saw  m.,  3 
sch.  107  scholars.    Pop.  283. 

Pawcatuck,  r.,  R.  J.,  formed  by  the  junction 
of  Wood  and  Charles  rivers  in  Washington  co., 
and  in  its  lower  part  forms  the  dividing  line  be- 
tween R.  I.  and  Ct.,  and  enters  the  Atlantic.  Its 
constituents,  Wood  and  Charles  rivers,  afford  ex- 
tensive water  power. 

Pawlet,  r.,  Vt.,  rises  in  the  n.  part  of  Ben- 
nington co.,  passes  through  the  t.  which  gives  it 
its  name  and  flows  into  JN.  Y.,  and  enters  Wood 
cr.,  a  little  before 'its  entrance  into  Lake  Cham- 
plain.    It  affords  good  water  power. 

Pawlet,  p-t.,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  87  s.  s.  w. 
Montpelier,  431  W.  The  surface  is  uneven ; 
soil,  warm  and  fertile,  and  easily  cultivated. 
Watered  by  Pawlet  r.  and  Indian  stream,  which 
flows  from  a  spring  with  sufficient  water  to  turn 
a  mill.  It  contains  a  Congregational  and  a  Bap- 
tist church,  and  an  academy.  It  has  7  stores, 
cap.  $15,325;  5  fulling  m.,  4  woollen  fac,  1  cot- 
ton fac.  1,076  sp.,  1  furnace,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m., 

3  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.   $69,480. 
10  sch.  495  scholars.     Pop.  1,748. 

Pawlings,  p-t.,  Dutchess  co.,  N.  Y.,  20  e. 
Poughkeepsie,  89  s.  Albany,  298  W.  It  is  some- 
what hilly,  with  an  extensive  valley  from  n.  to 
s.  The  soil  is  moderately  fertile.  Croton  r.  has 
it  source  in  several  small  lakes  and  swamps  in 
this  t.  The  v.  contains  a  few  dwellings.  There 
are  in  the  t.  4  stores,  cap.  $11,000;  1  tannery,  1 
grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,700.  3 
sch.  98  scholars.    Pop.  1,571. 

Pawlingsville,  p-o.,  Pawlings  t.,  Dutchess 
co.,  N.  Y.,  86  s.  Albany,  301  W. 

Paw  Paw,  p-v.,  capital  of  Van  Buren  co„ 
Mich.,  159  w.  Detroit,  623  W.  Situated  on  the 
head  branch  of  Pawpaw  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  a  church,  3  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  and  1 
saw  m.  It  is  pleasantly  situated,  and  is  flourish- 
ing. 

Paw  Paw,  p-o.,  Miami  co.,  la. 

Paw  Paw  Grove,  p-o.,  Ogle  co.,  111.,  165  n. 
Springfield,  792  W. 

Pawtucket,  r.,  R.  I.,  rises  in  Worcester  co., 
Mass.,  with  the  name  of  Blackstone  r.  It  enters 
R.  I.  in  the  n.  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  has  falls 
of  50  feet,  4  ms.  from  its  mouth,  which  afford  very 
extensive  water  power.  It  enters  Providence  r. 
just  below  Providence.  The  Blackstone  canal, 
from  Providence,  R.  I.,  to  Worcester,  Mass., 
passes  along  this  r. 

Pawtucket,  p-v.,  North  Providence  t.,  R.  I-, 

4  n.  Providence,  404  W.  It  is  situated  on  both 
sides  of  Pawtucket  r.,  and  is  partly  in  Providence, 
R.  I.,  and  partly  in  Pawtucket  t.,  Mass.  It  is  a 
large  and  flourishing  manufacturing  v.  It  con- 
tains 7  churches— 2  Baptist,  1  Episcopal,  1  Meth- 
odist, 1  Roman  Catholic  on  the  R.  I.  side,  1  Con- 
gregational, and  1  Freewill  Baptist  on  the  Mass. 
side  -3  banks,  2  in  R.  I. ;  12  cotton  fac.  35,000 
sp.,  and  over  1,000  looms,  and  about  6,000  inhab- 
itants.   The  r.  is  navigable  to  this  place. 

Pawtucket,  t.,  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  36  s.  Bos- 
ton, 4  n.  Providence.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of 
Pawtucket  r.  Organized  in  1828.  It  contains  a 
part  of  the  v.  of  Pawtucket,  which  see.    It  has 


PEA 


515 


PEK 


11  stores,  cap.  $29,800;  1  lumber  yard,  cap. 
$15,000  ;  9  cotton  fac  16,332  sp.,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $31)8,450.  1  aoad.  60  stu- 
dents, 5  sch.  260  scholars.     Pop.  $2,184. 

Pawtucket  Falls,  Mass.,  in  Merrimac  river. 
(See  Lowell,  Mass.) 

Pawtuxet,  r.,  R.  I.,  rises  by  2  principal  branch- 
es, Flat  r.  and  S.  W.  branch,  and  flowing  e.,  re- 
ceives the  N.  W.  branch  from  Providence  co., 
and  enters  Providence  r.  5  ms.  below  Providence, 
forming,  for  some  distance,  the  boundary  between 
Providence  and  Kent  counties.  It  affords  great, 
water  power,  and  has  on  it  many  mills  and  man- 
ufactories, particularly  of  cotton. 

Pawtuxet,  p-v.,  and  port  of  entry,  Warwick 
t.,  Kent  co.,  R.  I.,  5  s.  Providence,  405  W.  Sit- 
uated on  both  sides  of  Pawtuxet  r.,  and  lies  partly 
in  Cranston  t.  The  great  water  power  here  has 
been  abundantly  improved,  and  its  cotton  and 
other  manufactories  are  extensive.  It  contains  2 
churches — 1  Baptist  and  1  Congregational — a 
bank,  an  academy,  3  cotton  and  2  woollen  fac, 
several  grist  m.,  150  dwellings,  and  about  1,200 
inhabitants.  It  has  a  safe  and  convenient  har- 
bor. The  parts  of  the  v.  are  connected  by  a 
bridge  across  the  r. 

Paxinos,  p-o.,  Northumberland  co.,  Pa. 

Paxton,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  50  w.  Bos- 
ton, 405  W.  The  surface  is  elevated  and  uneven ; 
soil,  fertile,  and  well  cultivated.  Organized  in 
1765,  from  Rutland  and  Leicester.  It  occupies  the 
height  of  land  between  Connecticut  and  Merri- 
mac rivers.  The  v.,  at  the  centre,  contains  a 
Congregational  church  and  a  few  dwellings.  It 
has  1  store,  cap.  $500 ;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,800.  7  sch.  286 
scholars.     Pop.  670. 

Paxton,  t.,  Ross  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,226. 

Payneville,  p-v.,  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  78  s.  w. 
Tuscaloosa,  896  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of 
Sucarnochie  cr.,  30  miles  above  its  entrance  into 
the  Tombigbee  r. 

Paynesville,  p-o.,  Lysander  t.,  Onondaga  co., 
N.  Y.,  151  w.  by  n.  Albany,  368  W. 

Paynesville,  p-v.,  Pike  co.,  Mo.,  92  n.  e.  Jef- 
ferson City,  880  W. 

Payson,  p-v.,  Adams  co.,  111.,  92  w.  Spring- 
field, 872  W. 

Pea,  r.,  Ala.,  is  one  of  the  principal  constituent 
branches  of  Choctawhatchie  r.,  which  it  enters 
near  the  s.  border  of  the  state. 

Pea  River,  p-o.,  Walton  co.,  Flor. 

Pea  River,  p-o.,  Barbour  co.,  Ala.,  181  s.  E. 
Tuscaloosa,  861  W. 

Peace  Dale,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  R.  I. 

Peacham,  p-t.,  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  36  e.  by  N. 
Montpelier,  538  W.  The  surface  is  gently  un- 
even ;  soil,  generally  fertile,  and  well  cultivated. 
Onion  River  pond,  covering  300  acres,  in  the  w. 
part  of  the  t.,  gives  rise  to  one  of  the  head  branch- 
es of  Onion  r.  Two  streams,  which  flow  into 
Stevens'  branch,  afford  water  power.  A  bog 
meadow  in  the  e.  part  contains  an  inexhaustible 
quantity  of  shell  marl.  Limestone  is  also  found. 
The  v.  contains  a  Congregational  church  and  a 
flourishing  academy.  There  are  in  the  t.  3  stores, 
cap.  $13,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  2  tan- 
neries, 1  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  •  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$15,750.  1  acad.  125  students,  12  sch.  548  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,443. 

Peach  Bottom,  p-t.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  26  s.  E. 
York,  62  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  81  W.  The  surface  is 
level ;  soil,  gravel  and  slate.  Drained  by  Fish- 
ing cr.  and  Neel's  Hole  run,  branches  of  Muddy 
cr.,  which  forms  its  n.  boundary.  The  p-v.  is  on 
Susquehanna  r.  There  are  in  the  t.  7  stores,  cap. 
$11,500 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1 


flouring  m.,  5  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $10,850.    3  sch.  27  scholars.    Pop.  1,074. 

Peach  Tree,  p-o.,  Cherokee  co.,  N.  C. 

Pealer's,  p-o.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  93  n.  n.  e 
Harrisburg,  204  W. 

Pea  Patch,  p-o.,  Somerset  co.,  N.  J.,  45  n 
Trenton,  220  W. 

Pea  Patch,  island.  Situated  in  Delaware  r., 
and  contains  Fort  Delaware,  erected  during  the 
late  war,  now  nearly  in  ruins. 

Pearlington,  p-v.,  Hancock  co.,  Miss.,  191  s. 
by  e.  Jackson,  1,141  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side 
of  Pearl  r. 

Pearl,  r.,  Miss,  and  La.,  rises,  by  several 
branches,  near  the  centre  of  Mississippi,  and  run- 
ning s.  it  joins,  by  several  mouths,  the  Rigolets, 
which  forms  a  communication  between  lakes 
Pontchartrnin  and  Borgne.  From  lat.  31°  N.,  it 
forms  the  dividing  line  between  Ala.  and  La. 
The  navigation  is  obstructed  by  sand-bars,  shal- 
lows, and  rafts  of  timber.  Some  efforts  have 
been  made  to  improve  it.  It  is  navigable  for 
small  craft  to  Jackson,  the  capital  of  the  state. 

Pease,  t.,  Belmont  co.,  O.  The  surface  is 
hilly ;  soil,  very  fertile,  adapted  to  grain.  Wa- 
tered by  Indian  Wheeling  creek,  which  affords 
water  power.  The  national  road  passes  through 
it.    It  has  8  sch.  218  scholars.    Pop.  2,471. 

Pecan  Grove,  p-o.,  Carroll  par.,  La. 

Pecan  Point,  p-o.,  Mississippi  co.,  Ark. 

Peckville,  p-o.,  Fishkill  t.,  Dutchess  co.,  N. 
Y.,  106  s.  Albany,  269  W. 

Pedensville,  p-v.,  Chester  dist.,  S.  C. 

Pedee,  Great,  r.,  N.  C.  and  S.  C,  rises  chiefly 
in  Wilkes  co.,  N.  C,  where  it  bears,  for  a  great 
distance,  the  name  of  Yadkin  r.  After  it  enters 
S.  C,  it  is  called  the  Great  Pedee  r.,  and  it  flows 
in  a  southerly  direction  until  uniting  with  Wac- 
camaw  r.,  it  enters  and  forms  Winyaw  bay,  a  little 
below  Georgetown,  and  communicates  with  the 
Atlantic  12  ms.  below  Georgetown.  It  is  navi- 
gable for  boats  of  60  or  70  tons  for  200  ms.  Lit- 
tle Pedee  r.,  S.  C,  rises  in  N.  C,  and  enters 
Great  Pedee  r.  32  ms.  above  its  mouth. 

Pedee,  p  o.,  Anson  co.,  N.  C,  135  s.  w.  Ra- 
leigh, 409  W. 

Pedlar's  Hill,  p-o.,  Chatham  co.,  N.  C,  44 
w.  Raleigh. 

Pedricktown,  p-v.,  Upper  Penn's  Creek  t., 
Salem  co.,  N.  J.,  55  s.  Trenton,  166  W.  Situated 
on  Oldman's  cr.,  and  contains  1  Friends  church, 
2  stores,  and  about  30  dwellings. 

Peekskill,  p-v.,  Cortland  t.,  Westchester  co., 
N.  Y.,  46  n.  New  York,  106  s.  Albany,  269  W. 
Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Hudson  r.  It  contains 
8  churches — 2  Dutch  Reformed,  1  Episcopal,  1 
Methodist,  1  Presbyterian,  and  2  Friends — 1  bank, 
an  academy,  30  stores,  6  iron  foundries,  2  tanner- 
ies, 250  dwellings,  and  about  2,000  inhabitants. 
1  steamboat  and  6  sloops  ply  between  this  place 
and  New  York  for  transportation,  besides  one 
steamboat  daily  for  passengers.  Other  boats  on 
the  Hudson  stop  at  the  landing  to  receive  and 
discharge  passengers. 

Peeled  Oak,  p-o.,  Bath  co.,  Ky.,  71  e.  Frank- 
fort, 525  W. 

Peel  Tree,  p-o.,  Harrison  co.,  Va. 

Pee  Pee,  t.,  Pike  co.,  O.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $12,840  ;  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  6  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,500.  4  sch.  78  scholars. 
Pop.  919.  .    T 

Pekatonica,  r.,  Wis.  and  HI.,  rises  in  Iowa 
co.,  Wis.,  and  flows  s.  and  e.  into  Rock  r.,  in  HI., 
6  ms.  below  its  n.  boundary.  It  receives  Sugar 
cr.,  a  considerable  branch,  from  the  n.  It  is  nav- 
igable for  flat-boats  to  Mineral  Point,  Wis. 

Pekatonica,  p-v.,  Winnebago  co.,  Dl,  220  n. 


PEM 


516 


PEN 


Springfield,  820  W.     Situated  at  the  junction  of 
Pekatonica  and  Rock  rivers. 

Pekin,  p  o.,  Lewiston  t.,  Niagara  co.,  N.  Y., 
239  w.  by  N.  Albany. 

PeKIN,  p-o.,  Brown  t.,  Carroll  co.,  O.,  138  s.  w. 
Columbus,  304  W. 

Pekin,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Tenn.,  67  E.  by  n. 
Nashville,  627  W. 
Pekin,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  la. 
Pekin,  p-v.,  Tazewell  co..  111.,  62  n.  Spring- 
field, 779  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Illinois 
r.,  12  miles  below  Peoria.  It  contains  an  acade- 
my, 3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Methodist, 
and  1  Unitarian— 15  stores,  3  forwarding  and 
commission  houses,  1  steam  flouring  m.,  1  steam 
saw  m.,  2  distilleries,  a  printing  office,  issuing  a 
weekly  newspaper,  and  about  900  inhabitants. 

Pelham,  p-t.,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  81  w.  Bos- 
ton, 391  W.  The  surface  is  elevated  and  uneven  ; 
soil,  productive.  Watered  by  Swift  and  Fort 
rivers,  which  afford  water  power.  Incorporated 
in  1742.  Originally  settled  from  the  n.  of  Ire- 
land. It  contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Congre- 
gational church.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,000 ;  1 
grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,550.  7 
sch.  351  scholars.     Pop.  956. 

Pelham,  t.,  Hillsborough  co.,  N.  H.,  37  s.  by 
E.  Concord,  32  s.  w.  Portsmouth.  The  soil,  par- 
ticularly on  the  streams,  is  fertile.  Watered  by 
Beaver  r.  Chartered  in  1742.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $1,700;  1  fulling  m.,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,880.  6  sch.  268  scholars. 
Pop.  1,003. 

Pelham,  t.,  Westchester  co.,N.  Y.,  10  s.  White 
Plains,  140  s.  Albany.  The  surface  is  generally 
level ;  soil,  clay  and  sandy  loam,  mostly  well 
cultivated.  Several  islands  in  the  East  r.  belong 
to  it,  which  are  City,  Hart's,  and  Hunter's  isl- 
ands. It  has  1  sch.  40  scholars.  Pop.  789. 
Pelham,  p-v.,  Hillsborough  co.,  N.  C. 
Pelham,  p-v.,  Franklin  co.,  Tenn.,  85  s.  s.  e. 
Nashville,  651  W. 

Peltonville,  p-o.,  Pultney  t.,  Steuben  co., 
N.  Y.,  208  w.  by  s.  Albany,  321  W. 

Pemaquid,  p-o.,  Bremen  t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me., 
46  s.  s.  E.  Augusta,  614  W. 

Pemadumcook,  lake,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  is  a 
large  body  of  water  of  a  very  irregular  form,  re- 
ceiving the  waters  of  a  large  number  of  lakes,  to 
the  n.  e.  of  which,  the  largest  is  Chesuncook  lake. 
Its  outlet  flows  into  Penobscot  r.  It  has  much 
fine  land  and  good  timber  on  its  borders. 

Pemberton,  p-v.,  Burlington  co.,  N.  J.,  22  s. 
Trenton,  162  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  branch  of 
Rancocus  cr.,  and  contains  1  Baptist  and  1  Meth- 
odist church,  5  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1 
fulling  m.,  1  cotton  fac,  1  cupola  furnace,  about 
120  dwellings,  and  750  inhabitants. 

Pembroke,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  180  e. 
n.  K.  Augusta,  766  W.  Watered  by  a  small 
stream  proceeding  from  a  pond  in  Charlotte,  on 
the  n.,  which  flows  into  Cobscook  bay  on  its  s. 
border.  The  soil  is  tolerably  fertile,  adapted  to 
grain.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $2,800 ;  1  furnace,  1 
forge,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $5,650.  8  sch.  376  scholars.  Pop.  1,050. 
Pembroke,  p-t.,  Merrimac  co.,  N.  H.,  5  s.  e. 
Concord,  480  W.  The  surface  is  moderately  un- 
even; soil,  fertile,  particularly  on  the  streams. 
Suncook  r.  runs  on  its  s.  e.  border,  and  affords 
water  power.  Merrimac  r.  bounds  it  on  the  w. 
Chartered  in  1727.  The  v.  lies  on  a  street  3  ms. 
long,  parallel  with  Merrimac  r.,  and  contains  a 
town  house  and  an  academy.  There  are  in  the 
t.  5  stores,  cap.  $11,000;  1  glass  fac,  3  grist  m., 
4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $25,900.  1  acad. 
295  students,  9  sch.  333  scholars.    Pop.  1,336. 


Pembroke,  p-t.,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  26  s.  E. 
Boston,  445  W.  Watered  by  North  r.  and  its 
branches,  which  afford  water  power.  The  r.  is 
winding  and  deep,  and  flows  into  Scituate  harbor, 
and  on  it  many  vessels  are  built.  Incorporated 
in  1711.  It  has  several  ponds  in  its  s.  part.  The 
v.,  at  the  centre,  contains  a  Unitarian  church, 
and  there  is  a  Friends  church  in  the  n.  part.  It 
has  6  stores,  cap.  $6,650 ;  1  woollen  fac,  4  grist 
m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $15,190.  1  acad. 
25  students,  8  sch.  28S  scholars.     Pop.  1,258. 

Pembroke,  p-t.,  Genesee  co.,  N.  Y.,  262  w. 
Albany,  387  W.  The  surface  is  generally  level ; 
soil,  clay  and  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  Tona- 
wanda  cr.  and  its  tributaries.  It  contains  the  v. 
of  Richville.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $22,300;  1 
furnace,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $21,350.  13 
sch.  381  scholars.     Pop.  1,970. 

Pembroke,  p-o.,  Giles  co.,  Va.,  230  w.  Rich- 
mond, 276  W. 

Pembroke,  p-v.,  Christian  co.,  Ky.,  197  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  721  W. 

Pemigew asset,  r.,  N.  H.,  the  principal  con- 
stituent stream  of  the  Merrimac  r.,  rises  in  Fran- 
conia  t.  and  the  ungranted  land  in  the  vicinity. 
Its  principal  branches  unite  on  the  n.  border  of 
Woodstock,  and  it  retains  its  name  until  by  the 
union  of  Winnipiseogee  r.,  in  Franklin  t.,  it  be- 
comes the  Merrimac  r. 

Pendleton,  county,  Va.  Situated  toward  the 
n.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  999  sq.  ms.  It 
is  an  elevated  table  land,  between  2  ridges  of  the 
Alleghany  mountains.  The  south  branch  of 
Potomac  r.  flows  through  it  from  s.  w.  to  n.  e. 
The  surface  is  mountainous  and  rough ;  soil, 
sterile.  Capital,  Franklin.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  14,161,  sheep  20,973,  swine  12,777; 
wheat  65,725  bush,  produced,  rye  35,547,  Indian 
corn  130,010,  buckwheat  8,189,  oats  51,168,  pota- 
toes 35,645,  sugar  112,151  pounds  ;  1 1  stores,  cap. 
$63,200  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  cotton  fac.  500  sp.,  8  tan- 
neries, 44  distilleries,  4  powder  m.r  1  pottery,  3 
flouring  m.,  31  grist  m.,  46  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $50,698.  12  sch.  235  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  6,445,  slaves  462,  free  col'd  33;  total, 
6,940. 

Pendleton,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  450  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Licking  r.  and  its  branches.  Capital,  Fal- 
mouth. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,136, 
sheep  6,475,  swine  13,108;  wheat  31,175  bush, 
produced,  rye  5,673,  Ind.  corn  225,021,  oats 
31,332,  potatoes  2,508,  tobacco  107,573  pounds  ; 
6  stores,  cap.  $15,700;  2  tanneries,  2  distilleries, 
1  flouring  m.,  8  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $18,925.  10  sch.  265  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
4,013,  slaves  437,  free  col'd  5;  total,  4,455. 

Pendleton,  p-t.,  Niagara  co.,  N.  Y.,  7  s.  w. 
Lockport,  284  w.  by  n.  Albany,  406  W.  The 
surface  is  undulating ;  soil,  a  fertile  calcareous 
loam.  Tonawanda  cr.  bounds  it  on  the  s.  The 
v.  is  situated  on  the  Erie  canal,  and  contains  4 
stores,  and  about  30  dwellings.  There  are  in  the 
t.  3  stores,  cap.  $5,700  ;  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $450.    7  sch.  230  scholars.     Pop.  1,098. 

Pendleton,  p-o.,  Scott  co.,  Va.,  355  w.  by  n. 
Richmond,  423  W. 

Pendleton,  p-v.,  Anderson  dist.,  S.  C,  136 
w.  n.  w.  Columbia,  531  W.  Situated  on  a  branch 
of  Savannah  r.,  1  mile  from  the  district  line.  It 
contains  3  churches— 1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist, 
and  1  Presbyterian— 2  academies,  7  stores,  and 
633  inhabitants. 

Pendleton,  p-o.,  Putnam  co.,  O.,  110  n.  w. 
Columbus,  475  W. 

Pendleton,  p-v.,  Madison  co.,  la.,  31  n.  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 558  W.    It  is  situated  at  the  falls  of 


PEN 


517 


PEN 


Fall  cr.,  and  contains  2  stores,  2  mills,  various 
mechanic  shops,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Penfield,  p-t.,  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y.,  8  e.  Ro- 
chester, 222  w.  by  n.  Albany,  371  W.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  :  soil,  sandy  and  gravelly  loam, 
with  a  portion  of  clay  on  the  s.  Drained  by 
Irondiquoit  cr.  The  v.  is  situated  on  Irondiquoit 
cr.,  and  contains  3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1 
Baptist,  and  1  Methodist— an  academy,  called 
the  Penfield  Lyceum,  3  stores,  1  woollen  fac,  2 
flouring  m.,  1  carding  machine,  1  fulling  m.,  1 
saw  m.,  1  stave  fac,  1  tannery,  100  dwellings, 
and  about  700  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t. 
5  stores,  cap.  $30,550 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1 
flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. 171,900;  1  acad.  170  students,  16  sch.  945 
scholars.     Pop.  2,842. 

Penfield,  p-o.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  141  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  240  W. 

Penfield,  p-t.,  Lorain  co.,  O.,  14  s.  Elyria,  106 
n.  n.  e.  Columbus,  365  W.  Drained  by  the  main 
branch  of  Black  r.  It.  has  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m., 
5  sch.  118  scholars.     Pop.  405. 

Penfield,  p-v.,  Greene  co.,  Ga.,  51  n.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  610  W. 

Penfield,  p-o.,  Kane  co.,  111.,  162  n.  n.  e. 
Springfield,  771  W. 

Penfield,  t.,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.  It  has  2 
sch.  64  scholars.    Pop.  377. 

Peninsula,  p-o.,  Boston  t.,  Summit  co.,  O., 
136  n.  E.  Columbus,  345  W.  Situated  on  the 
Ohio  canal,  at  the  Cuyahoga  aqueduct,  23  ms.  s. 
of  Cleveland. 

Penn,  t.,  Morgan  co.,  O.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$1,800  ;  1  tannery,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$900.     6  sch.  175  scholars.     Pop.  1,119. 

Penn,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  36  s.  w.  Philadel- 
phia. The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  sandy  loam. 
Drained  by  tributaries  of  Elk  and  White  Clay 
creeks.  It  contains  the  v.  of  Jennersville.  There 
are  in  the  t.  1  store,  cap.  $5,000 ;  1  grist  m.,  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,350.  3  sen.  82  scholars. 
Pop.  663. 

Penn,  t.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.  It  has  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,300.  3  sch.  35  scholars. 
Pop.  354. 

Penn,  t.,  Perry  co.,  Pa.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$12,300;  1  forge,  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  4  grist 
m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $16,520;  5  sch. 
196  scholars.     Pop.  839. 

Penn,  p-o.,  Jay  co.,  la.,  *108  N.  E.  Indianapolis, 
531  W. 

Penn,  t.,  Cass  co.,  Mich.    It  has  1  store,  cap. 


I  $500 ;  3  saw  m.     Cap.  in   manufac.  $3,500.    3 
I  sch.  123  scholars.     Pop.  415. 

Pennington,  p-v.,  Hopewell  t.,  Mercer  co.,  N. 
J.,  8  n.  Trenton,  177  W.  It  contains  I  Pre*by- 
I  terian  and  1  Methodist  church,  both  of  brick,  an 
academy,  a  public  library,  3  stores,  and  about  40 
dwellings. 

Pennington,  t.,  Licking  co.,  O.  It  has  7  sch. 
366  scholars.     Pop.  1,244. 

Pennington,  t.,  Union  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1  sch. 
15  scholars.     Pop.  914. 

Penn  Line,  p-o.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  256  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  322  W. 

Penn  Run,  p-o.,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  161  w.  N.  w. 
Harrisburg,  214  W. 

Pennsborough,  p-o.,  Wood  co.,  Va.,  295  w. 
n.  w.  Richmond,  263  W. 

Penns  Creek,  p  o.,  Union  co.,  Pa. 

Pennsbury,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  23  9.  w.  Phil- 
adelphia. The  surface  is  gently  sloping;  soil, 
calcareous  loam.  Brandywine  cr.  runs  on  its  e. 
boundary,  and  receives  from  it  Pocopsen  cr.  and 
other  small  tributaries.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$3,600 ;  3  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $12,600.  3  sch.  200  scholars.  Pop. 
933. 

Penns  Grove,  p-o.,  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  97  e.  s. 
e.  Harrisburg,  127  W. 

Penns  Neck,  Lower,  t.,  Salem  co.,  N.  J.,  5 
n.  w.  Salem.  Delaware  r.  bounds  it  on  the  w. 
and  s.  w.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  clay  and 
sandy  loam,  with  some  marsh  meadow.  It  con- 
tains 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  and  1  Metho- 
dist church.  Salem  r.  bounds  it  on  the  s.  e.,  and 
is  connected  with  the  Delaware  r.  by  a  canal,  2 
ms.  long.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $4,800 ;  1  grist  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,047.  5  sch.  185  scholars. 
Pop.  1,219. 

Penns  Neck,  Upper,  t,  Salem  co.,  N.  J. 
The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  a  light  sandy  loam. 
It  has  1  Friends  and  1  Methodist  church.  It 
contains  a  valuable  bed  of  shell  marl.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $14,000;  2  sch.  95  scholars.  Pop. 
1,854. 

Penns  Store,  p-o.,  Patrick  co.,  Va.,  210  w.  s 
w.  Richmond,  235  W. 

Pennsville,  p-v.,  Wrightstown,  t.,  Bucks  co., 
Pa.,  25  n.  Philadelphia,  111  e. Harrisburg,  160  W. 
It  contains  1  store,  and  about  12  dwellings. 

Pennsvile,  p-v.,  Penn  t.,  Morgan  co.,  O.,  77 
E.  by  s.  Columbus,  331  W.  It  contains  1  Friends 
church,  2  stores,  about  20  dwellings,  and  100  in- 
habitants. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

Pennsylvania,  one  of  the  middle  United  States,  is  bounded  n.  by  New  York  and  Lake  Erie; 
e.  by  New  Jersey,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  Delaware  river ;  s.  by  Delaware,  Maryland,  and 
Virginia ;  and  w.  by  Virginia  and  Ohio.  It  is  between  39°  43'  and  42°  n.  lat.,  and  between  74° 
and  80°  4C  w.  Ion. ;  and  between  3°  31'  w.  and  2°  18'  E.  from  W.  It  is  307  miles  long,  and  160 
broad,  containing  46,000  square  miles,  or  29,440,000  acres.  The  population  in  1790,  was  434,373 ; 
in  1800,  602,545  ;  in  1810,  810,091 ;  in  1820,  1,049,313 ;  in  1830,  1,347,672;  in  1840,  1,724,033.  Of 
these  844,770  were  white  males;  831,345  do.  females;  22,752  free  colored  males;  25,102  do. 
females.  Employed  in  agriculture,  207,533 ;  in  commerce,  15,338;  in  manufactures  and  trades, 
105,883 ;  in  mining,  4,603  ;  navigating  the  ocean,  1,815 ;  do.  lakes,  rivers,  &c,  3,951 ;  learned  pro- 
fessions, &c,  6,706. 

The  state  is  divided  into  55  counties,  which,  with  their  population  in  1840,  and  their  capitals,  are 
as  follows  :  Eastern  District— Adams,  23,044,  Gettysburg ;  Berks,  64,569,  Reading;  Bucks, 48,107, 
Doylestown  and  Bristol;  Chester,  57,515,  West  Chester;  Cumberland,  39,953,  Carlisle ;  Dau- 
phin, 30,118,  Harrisburg;  Delaware,  19,791,  Chester;  Franklin,  37,793,  Chambersburg ;  Lan- 
caster, 84,203,  Lancaster;  Lebanon,  21,872,  Lebanon;  Lehigh,  25,785,  Allentown;  Monroe, 
9,879,  Stroudsburg;  3Iontgomery,  47,241,  Norristown ;  Northampton,  40,996,  Easton ;  Perry, 
17,096,  Bloomfield  ;  Philadelphia,  258,037,  Philadelphia;  Pike,  3,832,  Milford;  Schuylkill, 


PEN  518  PEN 

29,053,  Orwigsburg;  Wayne,  11,848,  Honesdale ;  York,  47,010,  York.  Western  District — Al- 
leghany, 81,235,  Pittsburgh;  Armstrong,  28,365,  Kittaning  ;  Beaver, 29,368,  Beaver ;  Bedford, 
29,335,  Bedford  ;  Bradford,  32,769,  Towanda  ;  Butler,  22,378,  Butler ;  Cambria,  11,256,  Ebens- 
burg ;  Centre,  20,492,  Bellefonte ;  Clearfield,  7,834,  Clearfield ;  Clinton,  8,323,  Lock  Haven ; 
Columbia,  24,267,  Danville ;  Crawford,  31,724,  Meadville ;  Erie,  31,344,  Erie ;  Fayette, 
33,574,  Union;  Greene,  19,147,  Waynesburg;  Huntingdon,  35,484,  Huntingdon;  Indiana, 
20,782,  Indiana  ;  Jefferson,  7,253,  Brookville;  Juniata,  11,030,  Mifflintown  ;  Luzerne,  44,006, 
Wilkesbarre;  Lycoming,  22,649,  VVilliamsport ;  McKean,  2,975,  Smithport;  Mercer,  32,873, 
Mercer;  Mifflin,  13,092,  Lewistown ;  Northumberland,  20,027,  Sunbury;  Potter,  3,371, 
Cowdersport;  Somerset,  19,650,  Somerset;  Susquehanna,  21,195,  Montrose ;  Tioga,  15,498, 
Wellsborough ;  Union,  22,787,  New  Berlin  ;  Venango,  17,900,  Franklin  ;  Warren,  9,278,  War- 
ren ;  Washington,  41,279,  Washington ;  Westmoreland,  42,699,  Greensburg. 

Harrisburg  is  the  seat  of  government,  on  the  e.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  river,  97  miles  w.  n. 
w.  from  Philadelphia. 

The  Alleghany  mountains  cross  the  state  from  s.  w.  to  n.  e.,  and  there  are  many  smaller  ranges 
on  each  side  of  the  principal  ridge,  and  parallel  to  it.  These  mountainous  tracts  cover  all  the  cen- 
tral part  of  the  state,  embracing  nearly  one  seventh  of  its  whole  surface.  In  the  s.  e.  and  n.  w., 
the  country  is  either  level  or  moderately  hilly.  The  soil  is  generally  good,  and  much  of  it  is  of  a 
superior  quality ;  the  richest  tract  is  in  the  s.  e.,  on  both  sides  of  the  Susquehanna.  This  part  of 
the  state  has  been  long  settled,  and  is  under  high  cultivation.  Between  the  head  waters  of  the 
Alleghany  and  Lake  Erie,  the  soil  is  excellent.  The  most  important  production  of  the  state  by 
far  is  wheat,  which  grows  here  in  great  perfection ;  and  next  in  value  is  Indian  corn.  Rye,  barley, 
buckwheat,  oats,  hemp,  and  flax  are  also  extensively  cultivated.  Cherries,  peaches,  and  apples 
are  abundant,  and  much  cider  is  made.  Although  the  state  is  better  adapted  to  grain  than  to  graz- 
ing, yet  in  many  parts  there  are  large  dairies,  and  fine  horses  and  cattle  are  raised. 

In  this  state  there  were  in  1840,361,558  horses  and  mules;   1,161,576  neat  cattle;   1,755,597 
eheep;  1,485,360  swine.    There  was  produced  poultry  to  the  value  of  $681,979.    There  were 
raised  12,993,218  bushels  of  wheat ;  206,858  of  barley ;   20,485,747  of  oats ;   6,544,654  of  rye 
2,096,016  of  buckwheat ;  14,077,363  of  Indian  corn  {   3,028,657  pounds  of  wool ;  48,694  of  hops 
32,708  of  wax ;    9,477,343  bushels  of  potatoes  ;  1,302,685  tons  of  hay ;  2,644  of  hemp  and  flax 
325,018  pounds  of  tobacco ;  7,262  of  silk  cocoons  ;  2,265,755  of  sugar.     The  products  of  the  dairy 
amounted  to  $3,152,987  ;  and  of  the  orchard,  $610,512.    There  were  made  14,328  gallons  of  wine. 
The  value  of  lumber  was  $1,146,355. 

The  mineral  wealth  of  Pennsylvania  is  very  great.  Iron  ore  is  widely  disseminated,  and  has 
been  extensively  wrought.  But  the  coal  regions  furnish  the  most  interesting  portion  of  its  mineral 
productions.  West  of  the  Alleghany  ridge,  bituminous  coal  is  found,  of  an  excellent  quality,  and  in 
inexhaustible  quantities.  In  Pittsburgh  and  the  vicinity  it  is  extensively  used  for  manufacturing  pur- 
poses. In  this  region  salt  springs  occur,  which  afford  a  strong  brine.  But  the  anthracite  coal  region, 
K.  of  the  Blue  ridge,  and  between  it  and  the  n.  branch  of  the  Susquehanna,  is  immense,  and  is  exten- 
sively wrought.  The  Mauch  Chunk,  Schuylkill,  and  Lynken's  valley  coal-field,  extends  from  the 
Lehigh,  across  the  head  waters  of  the  Schuylkill,  and  is  65  miles  in  length,  with  an  average  breadth 
of  about  5  miles.  The  Lehigh  coal,  procured  at  the  northern  portion  of  this  field,  is  heavy,  hard, 
and  difficult  of  ignition.  At  Mauch  Chunk  this  coal  is  found  near  the  surface,  and  extends  to  the 
depth  of  from  12  to  50  or  60  feet.  The  Schuylkill  coal  is  from  the  centre  of  the  above  field,  burns 
with  less  difficulty  than  the  Lehigh,  and  yields  red  ashes.  The  Lackawanna  coal-field  extends 
from  Carbondale,  on  the  Lackawannock,  to  10  miles  below  Wilkesbarre,  on  the  Susquehanna.  This 
field  is  made  accessible  by  the  Carbondale  railroad  and  the  Delaware  and  Hudson  canal,  extend- 
ing to  the  Hudson  river.  Limestone  is  abundant  in  all  parts  of  the  state,  and  in  the  s.  E.  parts  a 
fine  marble. 

The  climate  of  Pennsylvania  is  various.  In  the  mountainous  region  in  the  interior,  the  winters 
are  severe.  The  weather  is  colder  on  the  western  than  the  eastern  side  of  the  mountain  ridge,  and 
in  both  the  rivers  are  frozen  between  one  and  two  months  in  the  year.  In  the  s.  e.  portion  the 
winters  are  mild,  and  on  the  whole  the  climate  is  healthy. 

The  Delaware  river  washes  the  eastern  border  of  the  state,  and  is  navigable  for  large  ships  to 
Philadelphia.  The  Lehigh,  after  a  course  of  75  miles,  enters  it  at  Easton.  The  Schuylkill,  130 
miles  long,  unites  with  it  6  miles  below  Philadelphia.  The  Susquehanna  is  a  large  river,  which 
rises  in  New  York,  flows  s.  through  this  state,  and  enters  the  Chesapeake  bay,  in  Maryland.  It  is 
much  obstructed  by  falls  and  rapids.  The  Juniata  rises  among  the  Alleghany  mountains,  and, 
after  a  course  of  180  miles,  enters  the  Susquehanna,  11  miles  above  Harrisburg.  The  Alleghany 
river,  400  miles  long,  from  the  n.,  and  the  Monongahela,  300  miles  long,  from  the  s.,  unite  at  Pitts- 
burgh, and  form  the  Ohio.    The  Youghiogeny  is  a  small  river  which  flows  into  the  Monongahela. 

Philadelphia,  between  the  Delaware  and  Schuylkill  rivers,  and  Pittsburgh,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Monongahela  and  Alleghany  rivers,  are  the  most  commercial  places  in  the  state.    The  other 


PEN  519 PEN 

principal  towns  are  Lancaster,  Reading,  Harrisburg,  Easton,  York,  Carlisle,  Alleghany,  and 
Erie. 

The  exports  of  the  state  for  the  year  ending  September,  1840,  were  $6,820,145;  and  the  imports 
were  $8,464,882. 

There  were  194  commercial  and  178  commission  houses  engaged  in  foreign  trade,  with  a  capital 
of  $3,662,811;  there  were  6,534  retail  drygoods  and  other  stores,  with  a  capital  of  $35,629,170; 
there  were  5,064  persons  engaged  in  the  lumber  trade,  employing  a  capital  of  $2,241,040 ;  2,146 
persons  employed  in  internal  transportation,  who,  with  466  persons  employed  as  butchers,  packers, 
&c,  employed  a  capital  of  $727,850 ;  53  persons  were  employed  in  the  fisheries,  with  a  capital  of 
$16,460. 

The  manufactures  of  Pennsylvania  are  extensive.  There  were  in  1840,  home-made  or  family 
goods  produced  to  the  amount  of  $1,292,429;  235  woollen  manufactories,  and  337  fulling  mills, 
employing  2,909  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  value  of  $2,298,861,  and  employing  a  capital  of 
$1,500,546 ;  106  cotton  manufactories,  with  146,494  spindles,  employing  5,522  persons,  producing 
articles  to  the  value  of  $5,013,007,  and  employing  a  capital  of  $3,325,400 ;  2,977  persons  produced 
859,686  tons  of  anthracite  coal,  with  a  capital  of  $4,334,102 ;  1,798  persons  produced  11,620,654 
bushels  of  bituminous  coal,  with  a  capital  of  $300,416 ;  213  furnaces,  producing  98,395  tons  of  cast 
iron,  and  169  forges,  &c,  producing  87,244  tons  of  bar  iron,  employing  11,522  persons  and  a  capi- 
tal of  $7,781,471 ;  87  paper  manufactories  produced  to  the  amount  of  $792,335,  and  other  paper 
manufactures  to  the  amount  of  $95,500,  the  whole  employing  794  persons  and  a  capital  of  $581,800 ; 
hats  and  caps  were  manufactured  to  the  amount  of  $819,431,  and  straw  bonnets  to  the  amount  of 
$80,512,  employing  1,467  persons  and  a  capital  of  $449,107;  1,149  tanneries  employed  3,392  per- 
sons, and  a  capital  of  $2,729,536  ;  2,132  other  leather  manufactories,  such  as  saddleries,  &c,  pro- 
duced articles  to  the  amount  of  $3,453,243,  employing  a  capital  of  $1,249,923 ;  30  powder  mills 
manufactured  1,184,225  pounds  of  powder,  employing  58  persons  and  a  capital  of  $66,800;  drugs, 
paints,  &c,  employed  519  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $2,179,625,  and  turpentine 
and  varnish  to  the  amount  of  $7,865,  the  whole  employing  519  persons  and  a  capital  of 
$2,179,625  ;  28  glass-houses,  and  15  glass  cutting  establishments,  employed  835  persons,  producing 
articles  to  the  amount  of  $772,400,  with  a  capital  of  $714,100  ;  182  potteries  employed  322  persons, 
producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $157,902,  employing  a  capital  of  $75,562 ;  1,969  persons  pro- 
duced machinery  to  the  value  of  $1,993,752;  763  persons  produced  hardware  and  cutlery  to  the 
amount  of  $783,482  ;  168  persons  produced  5  cannon  and  21,571  small-arms  ;  245  persons  manu- 
factured the  precious  metals  to  the  amount  of  $2,679,075 ;  536  persons  manufactured  granite  and 
marble  to  the  amount  of  $443,610 ;  3,858  persons  made  bricks  and  lime  to  the  amount  of  $1,719,796 ; 
2,770  persons  manufactured  carriages  and  wagons  to  the  amount  of  $1,203,732,  with  a  capital  of 
$559,831 ;  1,005  distilleries  produced  6,228,768  gallons,  and  87  breweries  produced  12,765,974  gal- 
lons, employing  1,601  persons  and  a  capital  of  $1,585,771 ;  725  flouring  mills  produced  1,181,530 
barrels  of  flour,  and  with  other  mills,  employed  7,916  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of 
$9,232,515,  employing  a  capital  of  $7,779,784 ;  353  persons  manufactured  5,097,690  pounds  of  soap, 
2,316,843  pounds  of  tallow  candles,  and  5,002  do.  of  spermaceti  candles,  employing  a  capital  of 
$294,442 ;  ships  were  built  to  the  amount  of  $663,015 ;  2,357  persons  manufactured  furniture  to  the 
amount  of  $1,151,167,  with  a  capital  of  $714,817;  1,991  brick  houses,  and  2,406  wooden  houses 
were  built,  employing  9,881  persons,  and  cost  $5,339,530 ;  221  printing  offices,  46  binderies,  12  daily, 
10  semi-weekly,  and  162  weekly  newspapers,  and  42  periodicals,  employed  1,702  persons  and  a 
capital  of  $680,340.  The  whole  amount  of  capital  employed  in  manufactures  in  the  state,  was 
$31,629,415. 

The  colleges  in  this  state  are  numerous.  The  following  are  their  names,  location,  and  the  date 
of  their  being  founded.  University  of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  1755 ;  Dickinson  College,  Car- 
lisle, 1783;  Jefferson  College,  Cannonsburg,  1802;  Washington  College,  Washington,  1806; 
Alleghany  College,  Meadville,  1815 ;  Pennsylvania  College,  Gettysburgh,  1832 ;  Lafayette  Col- 
lege, Easton,  1832 ;  Marshall  College,  Mercersburg,  1836.  Besides  these  are  the  Medical  Depart- 
ment of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  1765  ;  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia, 
1824 ;  Medical  Department  of  Pennsylvania  College,  Philadelpliia,  1839.  The  Theological  Semi- 
nary of  the  Lutheran  Church,  Gettysburg,  1826 ;  German  Reformed,  York,  1825 ;  Western  Theo- 
logical Seminary  at  Alleghany,  1828  ;  Theological  Seminary  at  Cannonsburg ;  Theological  Semi- 
nary at  Pittsburgh.  In  all  these  seminaries  there  were  in  1840,  2,034  students.  There  were  in 
the  state.  290  academies,  with  15,970  students,  4,968  primary  and  common  schools,  with  179,989 
scholars.    There  were  33,940  persons  over  20  years  of  age  who  could  neither  read  nor  write. 

Of  the  religious  denominations,  the  Presbyterians,  including  the  Associate  Reformed,  had  in  1836, 
about  400  ministers ;  the  Baptists,  140 ;  the  Methodists,  250 ;  German  Reformed,  73  ;  Episcopalians, 
70 ;  the  Friends,  150  congregations.    Besides,  there  are  several  other  denominations  less  numerous. 

In  Jan.  1840,  there  were  in  this  state,  49  banks,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $24,286,405,  and  a. 
circulation  of  $9,338,636.    At  the  close  of  1840,  the  state  debt  amounted  to  $34,723,261.      • 


£ 


PEN 


520 


PEN 


In  the  year  1825,  Pennsylvania  began  a  splendid  course  of  internal  improvements.  Her  greatest 
work  is  a  canal  from  Philadelphia,  including  a  railroad  from  Johnstown  to  Hollidaysburg,  37 
miles,  over  the  Alleghany  to  Pittsburgh,  400  miles.  There  is  a  tunnel  on  the  railroad  870  feet  long, 
200  feet  below  the  top  of  the  mountain.  The  Schuylkill  Navigation  canal  extends  108  ms.  from 
Philadelphia  to  Port  Carbon  ;  the  Union  canal,  82  ms.  from  Reading  to  Middletown  ;  the  Lehigh, 
84  ms.  from  Easton  to  Stoddartsville  ;  the  Lackawaxen,  25  ms.  from  Delaware  r.  to  Honesdale  ; 
the  Conestaga,  18  ms.  from  Lancaster  to  Safe  Harbor  ;  the  Codorus,  11  ms.  from  York  to  Susque- 
hanna river;  Bald  Eagle,  25  ms.  from  West  Branch  canal  to  Bellefonte;  the  Susquehanna,  45 
ms.  from  Wrightsville  to  Havre  de  Grace,  and  several  small  canals. 

The  railroads  of  this  state  are  still  more  numerous.  The  Columbia,  81  ms.  from  Columbia  to 
Philadelphia  ;  Valley,  20  ms.  from  Norristown  to  Columbia  railroad  ;  Harrisburg  and  Lancaster,  35 
ms  ;  Cumberland  Valley,  50  ms.  from  Harrisburg  to  Chambersburg ;  Westchester,  10  ms.  from  Co- 
lumbia railroad  to  Westchester ;  Franklin,  30  ms.  from  Chambersburg  to  Williamsport ;  York  and 
Wrightsville,  13  ms. ;  Strasburg,  7  ms.  from  Cumberland  Valley  railroad  to  Strasburg  ;  Philadelphia 
and  Reading,  95  ms.  from  Reading  to  Pottsville  ;  Little  Schuylkill,  23  ms.  from  Port  Clinton  to 
Tamaqua  5  Danville  and  Pottsville,  44*  ms.  from  Pottsville  to  Sunbury  ;  Little  Schuylkill  and 
Susquehanna,  106  ms.  from  Tamaqua  to  Williamsport ;  Beaver  Meadow  branch,  12  ms.  from 
Lardner's  Gap  to  Beaver  Meadow  railroad  ;  Williamsport  and  Elmira,  73*  ms.  between  the  2 
places  ;  Corning  and  Blossburg,  40  ms.  do. ;  Mount  Carbon,  7£  ms.  from  Mount  Carbon  to  Nor- 
wegian Creek;  Schuylkill  Valley,  10  ms.  from  Port  Carbon  to  Tuscarora ;  branches  of  do.  15  m. ; 
Schuylkill,  13  ms.  from  Schuylkill  to  the  Valley  ;  Mill  Creek,  9  ms.  from  Port  Carbon  to  Coal  Mine  ; 
Mine  Hill  and  Schuylkill  Haven,  20  ms.  from  Schuylkill  Haven  to  Mine  Hill  Gap ;  Mauch  Chunk, 
9  ms.  from  Mauch  Chunk  to  Coal  Mine ;  branches  of  do.  16  ms. ;  Room  Run,  5?  ms.  from  Mauch 
Chunk  to  Coal  Mine  ;  Beaver  Meadow,  20  ms.  from  Parrysville  to  Coal  Mine  ;  Hazelton  and  Le- 
high, 8  ms.  from  Hazelton  Mine  to  Beaver  Meadow  railroad ;  Nesquehoning,  5  ms.  from  Nesque- 
honing  Mine  to  Lehigh  River ;  Lehigh  and  Susquehanna,  19?  ms.  from  White  Haven  to  Wilkes- 
barre ;  Carbondale  and  Honesdale,  17£  ms.,  connects  the  2  places ;  Ly kin's  Valley,  16£  ms.  from  Broad 
Mountain  to  Millersburg ;  Pine  Grove,  4  ms.  from  Pine  Grove  to  Coal  Mine  ;  Philadelphia  and 
Trenton,  26*  ms.  from  Philadelphia  to  Morrisville ;  Philadelphia,  Germantown,  and  Norristown,  17 
ms.  from  Philadelphia  to  Norristown ;  Germantown  branch  of  do.  4  ms. ;  Philadelphia  and  Wil- 
mington, 27  ms.  from  Philadelphia  to  Wilmington. 

This  state  was  granted  to  William  Penn,  of  the  society  of  Friends,  by  James  II.  of  England,  in 
1681.  It  had  previously  been  settled  by  the  Swedes  and  Finns,  and  conquered  by  the  Dutch  in 
1654.  Penn  disposed  of  20,000  acres  to  a  company  of  Friends,  for  400  pounds  sterling,  and  a 
colony  of  them  came  over  towards  the  close  of  the  year,  and  formed  a  settlement  at  Philadelphia. 
It  was  governed  by  the  proprietors  until  early  in  the  revolutionary  war,  when  the  legislature  purchased 
it,  by  paying  the  proprietors  130,000  pounds  sterling,  in  lieu  of  all  quit-rents.  This  state  was  the 
theatre  of  several  hard  fought  battles  in  the  revolutionary  war,  particularly  of  Brandy  wine  and 
Germantown ;  and  Philadelphia  was  for  some  time  in  the  possession  of  the  British. 

The  constitution  of  the  United  States  was  adopted  in  convention,  December  13th,  1787;  yeas 
46,  nays  23  ;  majority,  23.  The  United  States  congress  removed  from  Philadelphia  to  Washing- 
ton in  1800. 


Penn,  township,  Philadelphia  co.,  Pa.  Situ- 
ated n.  w.  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  on  which 
it  joins.  Schuylkill  r.  bounds  it  on  the  w.  The 
surface  is  generally  level ;  soil,  a  productive  clay 
and  loam,  well  cultivated.  Drained  on  the  n.  w. 
by  Falls  run,  which  affords  water  power.  It  is 
the  seat  of  the  Girard  college,  for  which  the  late 
Stephen  Girard  bequeathed  $2,000,000.  The 
principal  edifice  is  of  white  marble,  and  is  218 
feet  long  and  160  wide,  including  the  platforms 
which  support  the  columns,  and  97  feet  high. 
There  are  34  columns,  of  fine  Grecian  architec- 
ture, of  the  Corinthian  order,  around  the  building, 
55  feet  high,  and  6  feet  diameter  at  the  base. 
The  building  is  incombustible,  and  will  cost  over 
$1,200,000  ;  and  thus  a  large  part  of  the  munifi- 
cent bequest  for  the  gratuitous  education  of 
orphan  boys,  will  be  swallowed  up  in  this  ex- 
travagant expenditure.  There  are  5  buildings- 
attached  to  the  institution.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$2,900 ;  1  furnaee,  1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$76,600.     Pop.  3,342. 

Penn  Yan,  p-v.,  Milo,  t.,  capital  of  Yates  co., 
N.  Y.,  192  w.  Albany,  329  W.  Situated  on  the 
outlet  of  Crooked  lake,  which  affords  water  power. 


It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a  bank,  an  acade- 
my, 5  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Congregation- 
al, 1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist— 24 
stores,  2  warehouses,  2  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1 
furnace,  1  clothier's  works,  1  tannery,  1  boat  yard, 
3  carriage  fee,  1  plough  fee,  1  tannery,  2  printing 
offices,  each  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper,  300 
dwellings,  and  about  1,800  inhabitants.  The 
Crooked  Lake  canal,  8  ms.  long,  passes  through 
the  place,  and  through  Seneca  lake  connects  it 
with  the  Erie  canal. 

Penobscot,  r.,  the  largest  river  of  Maine,  con- 
sists of  two  main  branches.  The  larger  or  west- 
ern branch  rises  in  the  highlands,  in  the  western 
part  of  Maine,  and  which  divide  it  from  Canada, 
and  not  far  from  the  head  waters  of  the  Chaudiere 
r.,  which  flows  into  the  St.  Lawrence.  After  a 
considerable  course  to  the  E.  it  falls  into  Chesum- 
cook  lake,  whence  passing  s.  E.,  and  through 
Pemadumcook  and  other  lakes,  it  unites  with  the 
eastern  branch.  This  branch,  called  the  Seboois, 
rises  in  some  small  lakes  near  the  head  waters  of 
the  Aroostook  r.,  and  flows  nearly  s.  to  the  junc- 
tion, 54  miles  above  Bangor.  After  the  junction, 
the  river  proceeds  in  a  s.  e.  direction  until  it  re- 


PEN 


521 


PEO 


ceives  Mattawamkeag  r.,  from  the  n.  e.,  which 
is  its  principal  tributary  on  the  B.  side.  Its  di- 
rection is  then  s.  s.  \\\,  until  it  receives  the  Pis- 
catiquis,  its  chief  western  tributary  ;  it  then  holds 
a  direction  s.  by  w.  to.  its  entrance  into  Penobscot 
bay.  Its  upper  portions  have  many  falls  and 
rapids,  furnishing  many  excellent  mill  sites.  It  is 
about  275  miles  long  from  its  source  to  the  ocean. 
It  is  navigable  50  ins.  from  the  ocean,  to  Bangor,  for 
vessels  of  a  large  size,  and  for  boats  to  a  consid- 
erable distance  above  that.  The  tide  rises  at 
Bangor  more  than  20  feet,  to  which  the  same 
causes  in  a  measure  contribute,  which  produce 
such  an  enormous  tide  in  the  Bay  of  Fundy — the 
wedge-like  form  of  the  bay,  and  the  current  pro- 
duced by  the  return  of  the  gulf  stream.  There 
is  a  number  of  islands  in  the  river  above  Ban- 
gor, the  principal  of  which  is  Old  town,  the  resi- 
dence of  the  Penobscot  tribe  of  Indians,  who 
own  all  the  islands  in  the  r.  as  far  as  the  forks, 
several  ms.  above  Mattawamkeag  r.,  several  of 
which  are  considerable,  and  fertile.  They  have 
a  considerable  annuity,  secured  to  them  by  the 
state.  There  are  several  flourishing  towns  on  the 
Penobscot  bay  and  river.  On  the  E.  side  are 
Castine,  Bucksport,  and  Orrington.  On  the  w. 
side  are  Thomaston,  Camden,  Belfast,  Prospect, 
Frankfort,  Hamden,  Bangor,  and  Orono.  The 
Penobscot  bay  is  a  fine  body  of  water,  and  ex- 
tends from  the  ocean,  at  Owl's  Head,  to  Belfast 
bay,  about  20  miles.  Across  the  mouth  of  the 
bay,  from  Owl's  Head  to  Burnt  Coat  island,  is 
about  30  miles.  It  embosoms  a  number  of  fine 
islands,  the  principal  of  which  are  Deer  island, 
Fox  islands,  Isle  of  Haut,  Long  island,  and  some 
others.  From  a  hill  back  of  Camden,  and  from 
other  points,  the  view  of  this  bay,  with  its  islands 
and  numerous  vessels,  is  exceedingly  beautiful. 
The  bay  and  river  contain  many  fine  harbors,  the 
principal  of  which  are  Castine,  Belfast,  Bucks- 
port,  Bangor,  and  others. 

Penobscot,  collection  dist.  Tonnage,  1840, 
37,130. 

Penobscot,  county,  Me.    Situated  in  the  n. 

Eartofthe  state,  and  is  of  great  extent,  though 
ut  a  small  portion  of  it  is  settled.  Drained  in 
its  upper  parts  by  the  head  branches  of  Aroos- 
took and  the  w.  branch  of  Penobscot  rivers,  and 
has  numerous  lakes.  In  its  lower  and  settled 
parts  are  Penobscot  r.  and  its  branches,  Mat- 
tawamkeag, Sebec,  and  Kanduskeag  rivers.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  with  some  mountains  in  its 
n.  part ;  soil,  generally  fertile.  Capital,  Bangor. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,416,  sheep 
35,312,  swine  9,442;  wheat  112,041  bush,  produ- 
ced, rye  9,767,  Ind.  corn  35,694,  buckwheat 
3,528,  barley  7,919,  oats  103,526,  potatoes  923,628, 
sugar  12,303  pounds;  11  commercial  and  com. 
houses  in  for.  trade,  cap.  $98,500 ;  226  stores, 
cap.  $435,731 ;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $11,600  ;  10 
fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  21  tanneries,  1  pottery, 
4  flouring  m.,  23  grist  m.,  242  saw  m.,  1  paper 
fac,  3  printing  offices,  2  binderies,  1  daily,  2 
weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $955,674. 
4  acad.  275  students,  270  sch.  14,797  scholars. 
Pop.  45,705. 

Penobscot,  p-t.,  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  8  n.  by  e. 
Castine,  78  e.  by  N.  Augusta,  674  W.  Situated 
on  the  e.  side  of  Penobscot  r.  An  arm  of  Pe- 
nobscot bay  sets  up  from  the  s.  w.,  and  affords 
facilities  for  navigation.  A  large  pond  lies  partly 
in  its  N.  e.  part.  It  has  good  water  power,  and 
exports  lumber.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to 
grain.  Incorporated  in  1817.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $1,300 :  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $1,930.  13  sch.  526  scholars.  Pop.  1,474. 
Pensacola,  bay,  Flor.,  sets  up  from  the  Gulf 
66 


of  Mexico,  about  1 1  ms.  from  the  gulf,  and  is  di- 
vided into  3  parts.  The  w.  arm,  called  Escam- 
bia  bay,  is  11  ms.  long  and  1  broad,  and  r«  , 
Escambia  r.  from  the  n.  The  middle  arm  is 
called  Yellow  Water  bay,  of  about  the  size  of 
Escambia,  and  receives  Yellow  Water  r.,  through 
several  mouths.  Black  Water  bay,  7  ms.  long 
and  2  broad,  is  attached  to  the  n.  w.  end  of  Yel- 
low Water  bay,  is  full  of  islands,  and  receives 
Black  Water  r.  and  Cedar  cr.  East  bay  is  7  ms. 
long,  where  it  tapers  to  a  small  r.,  near  St.  Rosa's 
sound.  This  admits  frigates  of  the  largest  class, 
and  is  entirely  sheltered  from  all  winds.  Its  en- 
trance, between  Fort  Barancas  and  the  w.  end 
of  St.  Rosa  island,  is  about  three  fourths  of  a  mile 
wide,  and  is  well  defended.  This  harbor  has  22 
feet  water  on  the  bar  at  low  tide,  is  completely 
land  locked,  and  is  the  best  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Pensacola,  city,  port  of  entry,  and  capital 
of  Escambia  co.,  Flor.,  242  w.  Tallahassee, 
1,080  W.  Situated  on  Pensacola  bay,  10  miles 
from  its  entrance  into  the  Gulf  of  31exico,  on  a 
dry  sandy  plain,  40  or  50  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  water.  The  streets  are  wide,  crossing  each 
other  at  right  angles.  It  has  2  public  Bquares, 
each  500  by  300  feet.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
2  churches — 1  Roman  Catholic  and  1  Episcopal — 
a  market  house,  custom  house,  and  public  store, 
and  about  2,000  inhabitants.  A  wharf  extends  5 
or  600  feet  into  the  bay.  The  U.  S.  navy  yard 
is  8  ms.  from  the  city,  and  5  from  the  entrance  of 
the  harbor,  and  covers  nearly  80  acres  of  ground, 
enclosed  by  a  high  brick  wall.  It  contains  houses 
for  the  officers,  and  a  naval  store  and  other  build- 
ings adapted  to  the  convenience  of  the  establish- 
ment. The  grounds  are  laid  out  in  a  tasteful 
manner.     Tonnage  1840,  2,922. 

Peoria,  lake,  111.,  is  an  expansion  of  the  Illi- 
nois r.,  commencing  at  Peoria  v.,  extending  about 
20  ms.  in  a  n.  e.  direction.  It  is  much  wider 
than  the  r.,  and  has  very  little  current.  The 
water  is  clear,  with  a  gravelly  bottom.  It  is  di- 
vided into  2  parts  by  the  Narrows,  and  abounds 
with  various  kinds  offish,  which  are  abundantly 
taken  with  the  seine. 

Peoria,  county,  111.  Situated  toward  the  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  648  sq.  ms.  Or- 
ganized in  1825.  The  surface  is  gently  rolling  : 
soil,  very  fertile.  Illinois  r.  runs  on  its  e.  bound- 
ary. Drained  by  Spoon  r.,  and  Copperas,  Kick- 
apoo,  and  Senatchwine  creeks.  Capital,  Peoria. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,848,  sheep  3,554, 
swine  24,077 ;  wheat  43,240  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  218,540,  barley  5,010,  oats  63,416,  potatoes 
30,03'J;  2  commission  houses,  cap.  $10,000;  19 
stores,  cap.  $150,000;  1  tannery,  1  brewery,  2 
printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $16,275.  27 sch.  1,161  schl's.  Pop.b,153. 

Peoria,  p-o.,  Wyoming  co.,  N.  Y.,  238  w.  Al- 
bany, 356  W. 

Peoria,  p-v.,  capital  of  Peoria  co.,  111.,  70  n. 
Springfield,  784  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank  of 
Illinois  r.  at  the  outlet  of  Peoria  lake.  The  situ- 
ation is  beautiful.  The  first  bank  of  the  r.  grad- 
ually rises  from  6  to  12  feet  above  high  water 
mark,  and  extends  back  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from 
the  r.  to  the  second  bank,  which  rises  5  or  6  feet 
above  the  first  bank.  The  second  bank  extends 
back  to  the  bluffs,  which  are  from  60  to  100  feet 
high,  by  a  steep  ascent,  and  present  from  their 
top  an  extensive  and  beautiful  prospect.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  an  academy,  6  churches 
—2  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  1  .Methodist,  I  Epis- 
copal, and  1  Unitarian— 21  stores,  cap.  $160,000; 
1  tannery,  1  brewery,  2  printing  offices,  2  steam 
saw  m.,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $16,275.    4  sch.  236  scholars.    Pop.  1,467. 


PER 


522 


PER 


Papacton,  r.    (See  Delaware  r.) 
Papacton,  p-o.,  Colchester  t.,  Delaware  co., 
N.  Y.,  93  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  321  W. 

Pepperell,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  38  n. 
w.  Boston,  431  W.  Nashua  r.  runs  on  its  e. 
boundary.  Watered  also  by  Nisitissit  r.,  both  of 
which  afford  water  power.  The  surface  is  level 
on  the  r.,  but  back  of  this,  uneven.  The  soil  is 
fertile,  particularly  on  the  r.  The  v.,  at  the  cen- 
tre, contains  1  Congregational  and  1  Unitarian 
church,  and  a  private  insane  asylum.  Incorpo- 
rated in  1753.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $7,000 ;  3  pa- 
per fac,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$40,000.  1  acad.  60  students,  8  sch.  468  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,571. 

Pequannock,  cr.,  N.  J.,  rises  in  Sussex  co., 
in  the  Wallkill  and  Wawayanda  mountains,  and 
flows  s.  E.  and  s.  27  miles,  and  enters  Passaic  r. 
Below  Pompton  v.  it  is  called  Pompton  r.  Its 
current  is  rapid,  and  it  affords  good  water  power. 
Pequannock,  t.,  Morris  co.,  N.  J.,  10  n.  Mor- 
ristown.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  mountainous  ; 
soil,  loam  and  clay.  Bounded  n.  e.  by  Pequan- 
nock cr.,  and  E.  by  Pompton  r.  Drained  by  a 
branch  of  Rockaway  r.  Iron  ore  abounds  in  the 
n.  w.,  and  sulphate  of  iron  is  found  in  Copperas 
mountain.  Green  pond  is  3  ms.  long  and  half  a 
mile  wide,  and  is  surrounded  by  picturesque 
scenery,  and  abounds  with  fish.  It  contains  the 
villages  of  Pompton,  Montville,  and  Powerville. 
Morris  canal  passes  through  its  s.  part.  It  has  13 
stores,  cap.  $45,600 ;  2  woollen  fac,  6  tanneries, 
2  distilleries,  6  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $57,400.  22  sch.  873  scholars.  Pop.  5,190. 
Pequannock,  r.,  Ct.,  a  small  stream  which 
enters  the  n.  part  of  Bridgeport  harbor. 

Pequawkett,  r.,  N.  H.,  commonly  called 
Pegwacket  r.,  enters  Saco  r.  in  Conway. 

Pequest,  cr.,  N.  J.,  rises  by  2  branches,  which 
unite  in  Independence  t.,  Warren  co.,  and  flow- 
ing 30  ms.,  it  enters  Delaware  r.  at  Belvidere  v. 
It  is  a  large  and  rapid  stream,  and  affords  exten- 
sive water  power. 

Pequot,  p-v.,  Groton  t.,  New  London  co.,  Ct., 
48  s.  E.  Hartford,  357  W. 

Pequot,  p-o.,  Calumet  co.,  Wis.,  114  N.  E. 
Madison,  962  W. 

Perch,  r.,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Orleans  t.,  Jefferson 
co.,  and  flows  s.  w.  into  Black  River  bay,  at  Dex- 
ter v. 

Perch  River,  p-o.,  Brownville  t.,  Jefferson  co., 
N.  Y.,  175  n.  w.  Albany,  427  W. 

Percivals,  p-o.,  Brunswick  co.,  Va.,  70  s.  by 
w.  Richmond,  183  W. 

Perdido,  r.,  Ala.  and  Flor.,  rises  in  Baldwin 
co.,  Ala.,  and  flowing  southerly  40  ms.,  enters  a 
narrow  and  shallow  bay,  which  sets  up  from  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Perkiomen,  r.,  Pa.,  rises  at  the  foot  of  South 
mountain,  in  Upper  Milford  t.,  and  flowin 
about  30  ms.,  enters  Schuylkill  r.  6  miles  above 
Norristown.  It  receives  a  number  of  tributaries, 
which,  with  the  main  river,  afford  good  water 
power. 

Perkins,  p-t.,  Erie  co.,  O.,  15  n.  w.  Norwalk, 
115  n.  Columbus,  419  W.  It  has  3  sch.  50  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  839. 

Perkinsville,  p-v.,  Wethersfield  t.,  Wind- 
sor co.,  Vt.,  71s.  Montpelier,  465  W.  It  contains 
a  broadcloth  fac,  with  several  other  mechanical 
establishments.  It  contains  an  academy  and 
about  200  inhabitants. 

Perkinsvillf,  p-v.,  Burke  co.,  N.  C,  270  w. 
Raleigh,  425  W. 

Perquimans,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the 
N.  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  175  sq.  miles. 
Little  r.  bounds  it  on  the  n.  e.    Drained  by  Per- 


quimans r.,  both  of  which  flow  into  Albemarle 
sound,  which  bounds  it  on  the  s.  Capital,  Hert- 
ford. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,335, 
sheep  4,766,  swine  19,123 ;  wheat  35,649  bushels 
produced,  Ind.  corn,  369,032,  oats  22,068,  potatoes 
40,222,  cotton  65,216  pounds ;  9  stores,  capital 
$55,500 ;  10  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac $31,000.  5  sch.  82  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
4,096,  slaves,  2,943,  free  col'd  307;  total,  7,346. 

Perrine,  p-o.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  224  w.  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  277  W. 

Perrin's  Mills,  p-o.,  Miami  t.,  Clermont  co., 
O.,  109  s.  w.  Columbus,  480  W. 

Perrinsville,  p-v.,  Monmouth  co.,  N.  J.,  24 
E.  Trenton,  190  W. 

Perrinton,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y.  It  has  5 
stores,  cap.  $18,500 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 

1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $25,400.     16  sch.  740  scholars.    Pop.  2,513. 

Perry,  county,  Pa.  Situated  a  little  s.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  540  square 
miles.  The  surface  is  mountainous  and  rough ; 
soil,  extensively  fertile.  Drained  by  Juniata 
r.  and  Sherman's  creek.  There  is  a  warm  me- 
dicinal spring  on  Sherman's  cr.,  11  N.Carlisle, 
which  discharges  90  gallons  of  water  in  a  minute, 
useful  in  cutaneous  and  other  disorders.  Capital, 
Bloomfield.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
15,043,  sheep  16,932,  swine  21,484 ;  wheat  200,638 
bushels  produced,  rye  143,519,  Ind.  corn  150,095, 
buckwheat  37,052,  oats  192,258,  potatoes  89,369  ; 
57  stores,  cap.  $169,200 ;  5  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$1,600 ;  7  fulling  m.,  5  woollen  fac,  8  furnaces, 

2  forges,  23  tanneries,  13  distilleries,  4  potteries, 
2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers,  24  flour- 
ing m.,  26  grist  m.,  120  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $264,024.  1  acad.  20  students,  92  sch.  3,829 
scholars.    Pop.  17,096. 

Perry,  county,  Ala.  Situated  a  little  s.  w. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  936  sq. 
ms,  Drained  by  Catawba  r.  and  its  branches, 
and  by  branches  of  Black  Warrior  r.  Capital, 
Marion.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  23,813, 
sheep  5,432,  swine  52,292  ;  wheat  32,694  bushels 
produced,  rye  4,262,  Indian  corn  792,384,  oats 
29,297,  potatoes  60,434,  cotton  12,680,177  pounds  ; 
2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  9  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $20,950.  2  acad.  95  students,  6  sch. 
134  scholars.  Pop.  whites  8,721,  slaves  10,313, 
free  col'd  22;  total,  19,036. 

Perry,  county,  Miss.  Situated  in  the  s.  E. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,044  square  miles. 
Drained  by  Leaf  river  and  its  branches,  and  by 
Black  cr.  and  its  branches,  tributaries  of  Pasca- 
goula  r.  The  surface  is  somewhat  broken  ;  soil, 
not  very  fertile,  covered  with  pine  timber.  Cap- 
ital, Augusta.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
13,645,  sheep  1,415,  swine  10,579;  Indian  corn 
42,520  bushels  produced,  potatoes  19,481,  rice 
35,250  pounds,  cotton  68,446;  2  stores,  capital 
$4,000 ;  6  grist  m.,  3  saw  rn.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$20,950.  6  sch.  88  scholars.  Pop.  whites  1,425, 
slaves  454,  free  col'd  10 ;  total,  1,839. 

Perry,  county,  Tenn.  Centrally  situated  to- 
ward the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  575 
sq.  ms.  Drained  by  Tennessee  r.,  and  small 
streams  which  flow  into  it,  and  by  Buffalo  r.  and 
its  branches,  a  tributary  of  Duck  creek.  Capital, 
Perrysburg.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
2,928,  sheep  3,874,  swine  13,702;  wheat  17,520 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  58,391,  oats  18,679,  po- 
tatoes 2,875,  tobacco  44,895  pounds,  cotton  4,787  ; 
6  stores,  cap.  $28,000 ;  2  furnaces,  6  tanneries,  8 
distilleries,  10  grist  m.,  20  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $25,000.  4  acad.  113  students,  7  sch.  300 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,713,  slaves  688,  free  col'd 
8;  total,  7,419. 


PER 


523 


PER 


Perry,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  s.  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  760  sq.  miles.  Drained 
by  the  Nortli  and  Middle  forks  of  Kentucky  r. 
and  their  branches.  Laurel  mountain  runs  on  its 
N.  border.  The  surface  is  uneven,  with  exten- 
sive and  fertile  valleys.  Capital,  Hazard.  There 
were  in  1810,  neat  cattle  6,01)1,  sheep  3,428,  swine 
12,421 ;  wheat  2,981  bush,  produced,  Indian  corn 
88,070,  oats  18,441,  potatoes  4,421,  tobacco  4,713 
pounds,  sugar  3,761 ;  4  stores,  cap.  $3,600 ;  3  tan- 
neries, 48  distilleries,  34  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Pop. 
whites  2,923,  slaves  143,  free  col'd  23  ;  total,  3,089. 

Perry,  county,  O.  Situated  toward  the  s.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  400  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  fertile.  Watered  by  small 
tributaries  of*  Hockhocking  and  Muskingum  riv- 
ers. Capital,  Somerset.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  11,742,  sheep  26,299,  swine  23,968; 
wheat  293,472  bush,  produced,  rye  6,913,  Indian 
corn  326,312,  buckwheat  5,701,  oats  164,059,  po- 
tatoes 50,194,  tobacco  156,835  pounds,  sugar 
91,732  ;  36  stores,  cap.  56,625 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2 
woollen  fac,  11  tanneries,  4  distilleries,  2  potte- 
ries, 7  flouring  m.,  18  grist  m.,  36  saw  ra.,  1  oil  m., 
2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $102,064.  1  acad.  80  students,  92 
sch.  2,939  scholars.    Pop.  19,344. 

Perry,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  s.  part  of 
the  state,  and  contains  400  sq.  ms.  The  surface 
is  hilly ;  soil,  fertile.  The  Ohio  r.  runs  on  its  s. 
E.,  s.,  and  s.  w.  border.  Drained  by  Anderson's, 
Deer,  Bear,  and  Oil  creeks.  Capital,  Rome. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,611,  sheep  5,073, 
swine  14,780  ;  wheat  13,452  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  170,295,  oats  29,736,  potatoes  8,622,  tobacco 
21,419  pounds,  sugar  6,076 ;  12  stores,  capital 
$24,250 ;  6  tanneries,  5  distilleries,  1  pottery,  2 
grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,131.  8 
sch.  194  scholars.     Pop.  4,655. 

Perry,  county,  111.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  432  sq.  miles. 
The  surface  is  level,  having  one  third  prairie  ; 
soil,  moderately  fertile.  Drained  by  Big  Beau- 
coup  and  Little  Muddy  creeks,  and  St.  Mary's  r. 
Capital,  Pinkneyville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  16,666,  sheep  4,113,  swine  10,223;  wheat 
14,667  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  169,445,  oats 
31,754,  potatoes  4,556,  tobacco  3,140  pounds;  4 
stores,  cap.  $3,060  ;  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $650.  1  acad.  9  students, 
13  sch.  335  scholars.     Pop.  3,222. 

Perry,  county,  Mo.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  400  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  various ;  soil,  on  the  bottoms,  very  fer- 
tile. The  Mississippi  r.  runs  on  its  n.  e.  bound- 
ary. Drained  by  several  fine  mill  streams.  Cap- 
ital, Perrysville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 3,680,  sheep  3,116,  swine  8,530  ;  wheat  11,684 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  184.320,  oats  9,415,  po- 
tatoes 5,361,  tobacco  11,400  pounds,  cotton  2,500; 
1  commercial  house,  cap.  $2,300 ;  14  stores,  cap. 
$88,800 ;  4  tanneries,  4  distilleries,  7  grist  m.,  4 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $37,680 ;  1  college,  75 
students,  8  sch.  169  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,968, 
slaves  778,  free  col'd  14  ;  total,  5,760. 

Perry,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,Me.,  5  n.  w.  East- 
port,  191  E.  N.  E.  Augusta,  777  W.  Situated  on 
the  w.  side  of  St.  Croix  r.  Incorporated  in  1818. 
It  has  Passamaquoddy  bay  on  the  e.,  and  Cobs- 
cook  bay  on  the  s.,  and  has  considerable  naviga- 
tion employed  in  the  lumber  trade  and  the  fishe- 
ries. It  is  connected  with  Eastport  by  a  bridge. 
It  contains  the  remains  of  the  Passamaquoddy 
Indians,  who  have  a  small  v.  containing  a  Roman 
Catholic  church,  and  about  20  small  dwellings. 
It  has  1  grist  ra.,  5  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac. 
$9,100;  11  sch.  356  scholars.    Pop.  1,008. 


Perry,  p-t.,  Wyoming  co.,  N,  V.,  213  w.  Alba- 
ny, 360  W.  The  surface  is  undulating;  soil, 
sandy  and  clay  loam.  Silver  lake  lies  partly  in 
this  t.,  by  the  outlet  of  which  it  is  watered.  The 
v.  is  situated  on  the  outlet  of  Silver  lake.  Incor- 
porated in  1830,  and  contains  4  churches — 1  Pres- 
byterian, 1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Univer- 
salist — 15  stores,  2  printing  offices,  4  flouring  m., 
2  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  2  clothiers'  works,  2  furnaces, 

1  tannery,  180  dwellings,  and  about  1,200  inhab- 
itants.   There  are  in  the  1. 10  stores,  cap.  $37,800 ; 

2  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  printing  office,  2  week- 
ly newspapers,  1  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  11  saw 
m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $16,900.  8  sch. 
218  scholars.    Pop.  3,082. 

Perry,  p-o.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  216  w.  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  305  W. 

Perry,  t.,  Union  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$4,000  ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  5  grist  m.,  9  saw 
m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,250.    Pop.  1,254. 

Perry,  t.,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.  Watered  by 
Alleghany  r.  and  its  branch,  Clarion  r.  Iron  ore 
is  found.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $2,100;  1  fulling 
m.,  3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,925.  4  sch.  206  scholars. 
Pop.  1,122. 

Perry,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is  roll- 
ing ;  soil,  gravel  and  loam.  Watered  by  Little 
Sandy  Lick  cr.  and  Mahoning  cr.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $3,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,900.    Pop.  1,076. 

Perry,  t.,  Fayette  co.,  Pa.  It  has  7  stores, 
cap.  $17,900 ;  2  tanneries,  2  flouring  m.,  1  grist 
m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,155.  4  sch. 
156  scholars.    Pop.  1,350. 

Perry,  p-t.,  Lake  co.,  O.,  182  n.  e.  Columbus, 
356  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  shore  of  Lake  Erie. 
It  contains  2  churches,  10  sch.  627  scholars.  Pop. 
1,339. 

Perry,  t.,  Allen  co.,  O.  It  contains  561  in- 
habitants. 

Perry,  t.,  Brown  co.,  O.  It  contains  the  vil- 
lages of  Cedarsville  and  Fayetteville.  It  has  4 
sch.  92  scholars.     Pop.  1,869. 

Perry,  t.,  Carroll  co.,  O.  It  contains  Perrys- 
ville v.     It  has  2  sch.  55  scholars.     Pop.  1,344. 

Perry,  t.,  Coshocton  co.,  O.  It  contains  Clays- 
ville  and  Guilford  villages.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$2,900 ;  2  tanneries,  1  grist  ra.,  2  saw  m.,  4  sch. 
Ill  scholars.    Pop.  1,339. 

Perry,  t.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.  It  contains  the 
v.  of  Salem.  Pop.  1,530. 

Perry,  t.,  Pike  co.,  O.  It  has  2  stores,  capital 
$3,000 ;  2  saw  m.,  3  sch.  89  scholars.    Pop.  558. 

Perry,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  O.  Situated  on  the  e. 
side  of  Scioto  r.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  fer- 
tile.   2  sch.  65  scholars.    Pop.  1,037. 

Perry,  t.,  Fairfield  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,172. 

Perry,  t.,  Gallia  co.,  O.  Watered  by  Racoon 
and  Syraraes'  creeks.  The  soil  is  fertile.  It  con- 
tains Patriot  v.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $800 ;  1  dis- 
tillery, 1  grist  m.    Pop.  972. 

Perry,  t.,  Lawrence  co.,  O.  It  contains  iron 
ore  and  stone  coal.  The  soil  is  sterile.  It  has  3 
sch.  102  scholars.    Pop.  663. 

Perry,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  O.  It  contains  2,079 
inhabitants. 

Perry,  t.,  Licking  co.,  O.  It  contains  the  v 
of  Elizabethtown,  and  has  994  inhabitants. 

Perry,  t.,  Shelby  co.,  O.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.    Pop.  861. 

Perry,  t.,  Logan  co.,  O.  Watered  by  Rush 
cr.  It  contains  the  v.  of  East  Liberty.  It  has  6 
sch.  210  scholars.     Pop.  1,044. 

Perry,  t.,  Stark  co.,  O.  Pop.  2,209. 

Perry,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  O.  It  lias  6  sch. 
305  scholars.    Pop.  1,831. 


PER 

Perry,  t,  Monroe  co,  O. 
Perry,  t,  Muskingum  co,0. 


521 


PER 


1.061 


Perry,  t,  Pickaway  co,  O.    It  has  3 
can.  $7,300;  1  fulling  m,lsclL  40  achobrs.  Fop. 

Perry,  t,  Putnam  co,  O.    It 


Perry,  t,  Richland  co,  O.    It  contains  1,853 

I:  :.;.<•:  s.:;.  4?  *;:■> 

It  has  4  stores. 
Pop.1, 
I:  ha*  5  ack  Iv 


Perry,  t.  Stark  cos  O. 
law.    Pop.  8,209. 

Perry,  t,  Tuscarawas  co,  O. 
cap.  $5,200;  6  sch.  558  scholars.    Pop,  1,3S1. 

Perry,  t,  Wood  co,  O.    ~ 


scholars-    Pop,  350. 

Perry,  L.  Marion  co,  la.  It  has  1  distiT.erv. 
2  grist  m.  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manutac  $1,000.  9 
sch.  281  scholars.    Pop.  UK). 

Perry,  t,  Miami  co,  la.  It  has  2  tanneries,  3 
•eh.  50  scholars.    Pop.  593. 

PKKKT,  t,  Tippecanoe  co,  la.  It  contains  807 
inhabitants. 

Perry,  t,  Wayne  ox,  la.    It  contains  1,741 


Pekky,  t,  Johnson  co„  Ark.     It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $1,500;  1  tannery,  2  sch.  50  scholars.    Pop. 

PERRY.p-t,  Allen  ca,  la,  143  x.  e.  India  nap 
olis.556W.    Ithas3sch.95 


Pop.  293. 

Perry,  t.  Clay  co,  la.  It  has  2  grist  m,  1  saw 
m.    Cap.  in  manufac  $4,785.    2  ach.  53  scholars. 

Perry,  p-v.  Pike  col,  IB.,  66  w.  Springfield, 
846  W.  It  is  a  pleasant  v,  containing  2  saves, 
and  a  number  of  dwellings.  It  is  surrounded  by 
a  fine  country,  diversified  with  timber  and  prairie. 
There  are  in  the  precinct,  2  stores,  cap.  $2y800 ; 
1  tannery,  1  grist  nx.  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac #1580.     10  sch.  6*7  scholars.    Pop.  1^39. 

Pekky,  p-v.,  capital  of  Houston  co,  Ga,  59  s. 
w.  Milled-eville,  715  W.  Situated  on  the  x. 
bank  of  Indian  cr,  about  midway  between  Flint 
and  Ocmulgee  rivers.  It  ********  *  cm 
jail.  1  Baptist  and  1  Methodist  church, 
and  about  40  dwellings. 

Pekky  Cextre,  p-v.  Perry  t,  Wyoming  co, 
N.  Yn  "245  w.  Albany,  362  W. 

Pekky,  C  H,  Ala.    (See  Marion.) 

Pekky,  C.  H,  p-v.,  capital  of  Perry  co,  Ky, 
151  s.  e.  by  E.  Frankfort.    Situated  on  the  e. 


.  jail,  3  churches— 1  1  : 
terian.  1  Methodist,  and  1  Universalis!— 20  stores, 
of  different  kinds,  numerous  mechanic  sh. 
steam  saw  m,  1  tannery,  1  printing  office 
about  35J  dwellings.    It  has  1,000  feet  of  wharf, 
3  large  warehouses,  and  a  shipyard.     It  is  situa- 
ted on  the  s.  e.  bank  of  the  r„  "60  feet  abo\ 
surface,  on  a  rising  ground,  which  commands  a 
fine  prospect.    It  was  laid  out  in  1317,  and  en- 
larged in  1835.    There  are  in  the  t.  1  store,  cap. 
$1,000;  3  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,500. 
Pop.  1,065. 

Perrysrprg,  p-v.,  Miami  co.,  la,  101  x.  In- 
dianapolis, 610  W. 

Pekky'sCkoss  Roads, jwx,  Edgefield  dist,  S. 
C,  52  w.  Columbia,  516  W. 

Perry's  Mills,  p-v.,  Champlain  t,  Clinton 
co,  N.  Y,  193  k.  Albany,  568  W.  Situated  on 
Chary  r,  1  mile  s.  of  the  Canada  line.  It  contains 
2  stores,  1  grist  m,  1  saw  m,  1  cloth  dressing  and 
carding  machine,  20  dwellings,  and  about  100 
inhabitants. 

Perry's  Mills,  p-o,  Tatnall  co,Ga,  144  s.  e. 
Milledgeville.  755  W. 

Perrysville,  p-v,  S.  Kingston  t,  Washing- 
ton co^  R.  I,  41  s.  Providence,  339  W.  It  con- 
tains a  church  and  several  dwellings. 

Perrysville.  p-v.,  Fenner  t,  Madison  co,  N. 
Y,  115  w.  by  x.  Albany,  358  W.  It  contains  1 
church,  1  store,  1  flouring  m,  1  tannery,  1  distil- 
lery, 40  dwellings,  and  about  250  inhabitants. 

Perrysville,  p-v.,  Bethlehem  t,  Huntingdon 
co,  H.  J,  10  x.  Remington,  36  h.  w.  Trenton, 
196  W.  Situated  at  the  s.  e.  foot  of  Musconet- 
cong  mountain. 

Perrysville,  p-v.,  Ross  t,  Alleghany  co,  Pa-, 
8  x.  Pittsburg,  208  w.  Harrisburg,  234  W.  It 
contains  1  store  and  10  or  12  dwellings. 

Perrysville,  p-v.,  Cecil  co,  Md,  65  x.  e. 
Annapolis,  75  W. 

Perrysville,  p-v.,  Perry  co.,  Ala. 

Perrysville,  p-v,  capital  of  Perry  ok,  Tenn, 
95  w.  s.  w.  Nashville,  779  W.  Situated  on  the 
w.  side  of  Tennessee  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house  and  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Perrysville,  p-v.,  Boyle  co,  Ky,  41  s. 
Frankfort,  563  W.     It  contains  about  500  in- 


PERRYatAjssvrLLE,  p-y,  Harford  co.  Md. 

Perr  yopolis,  p-v,  Washington  t,  Fayette 
Pa,  192  w.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  217  W.    ' 
on  the  Youghiogeny  r.    It  contains  1 
stores,  1  glass  foe,  and  about  80 

Perr voroLis,  p-v,  Monroe  co,  O,  106  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 303  W. 

Perry's  Bridge,  p-v..  La  Fayette  par.  La-, 
218  w.  New  Orleans.  Situated  on  w.  aide  of 
Vermilion  r,  25  me.  above  its  entrance  into  Ver- 
milioabay. 

Pekkyskckg,  p-L.  Cattaraugus  co,  N.  Y.. 
306  w.  by  3.  Albany,  358  W.  The  surface  is 
broken;  soil,  gravelly  and  clay  loam.  Drained 
by  small  streams  running  into  Cattaraugus  cr„ 
which  bounds  it  on  the  s.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$6,900;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m_  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac  $10350.  9  sch.  400  scholars.  Pop. 
1.660. 

Perk  ysritkg.  p*,  capital  of  Wood  co,  <X  123 
x.  x.w.Columbus,  454  W.    Situated  at  the  head 

from  the  light-house  on  the  lake  shore!    It 


Perrysville,  p-v.  Green  t,  Richland  co,  O, 
78  N.  x.  e.  Columbus,  368  W.  Situated  on  the 
Black  Fork  of  Motuccan  er,  and  contains  2  stores 
and  several  mechanic  shops. 

Perrysville,  p-t,  Vermilion  co,  la,  81  w. 
Indianapolis,  652  W.  Situa;ed  on  the  w.  side  of 
die  Wabash  r.  It  has  8  stores,  cap.  $55,200;  1 
distillery,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper, 
1  flouring  m_  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$11,400.     1  sch.  60  scholars.    Pop.  420. 

Perrysville,  p-v,  capital  of  Perry  co.  Mo, 
214  e.  s.  e.  Jefferson  City,  868  W.  Situated  on 
Saline  cr,  10  miles  w.  of  the  Mississippi  r.  It 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and  about  100  in- 
habitants. 

Perrysville,  p-v,  capital  of  Perry  co.  Ark, 
55  w.  x.  w.  Little  Rock,  1,110  W.  Situated  on 
the  x.  side  of  La  Feve  r,  a  branch  of  Arkansas  r. 
It  contains  a  courthouse  and  afew  dwellings. 

Perrytox,  p-v.  Perry  t,  licking  co,  O,  61 
x.  k.  Columbus,  358  W.  Situated  in  Elizabeth- 
town  v,  which  contains  1  church,  1  store,  and 
about  15  dwellings. 

Persia,  p-t,  Cattaraugus  co,  N.  Y,  302  w.  Al- 
bany, 354  W.    The  surface  is  undulating ;  soil, 


a  fertile  clay  and  gravelly  loam.    Drained  by 

I  tributaries  of  Cattaraugus  cr,  which  bounds  it  on 

|  the  x.    It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $43,200 :  1  woollen 

con-  fac,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  1  grist 


P  E  K 


. 


PET 


»«rm.    C«pl» 


a-iltiiri.    Cba.fr  ■■inrfir  HMW-    4ttuft—  rain,  1  griMt  m,  1 
Ptt>n,t,B«ie«,lfa.    kb»4«i.«2^i. 

B  W.    The  t-  u 


fc1nwgq»lfc*.«ihBy«Mihew.    Tktdk >«d  it;  the  «i-  ka  «  shoe  aed  fine- 
a  faille  «ady  and  dsj  loam.  WatoedbyLfige  atas*-."    W«red  by  liole  Hmwfc  cr.    k  k»? 


nat» 


PET 

Va.,  on  the  s.  bank  of  Appomattox  r.,  12  ms.  above 
its  entrance  into  James  r.,  at  City  Point,  in  37° 
13'  54"  n.  lat.  and  77°  20'  w.  Ion.,  23  s.  by  e. 
Richmond,  140  W.  Pop.  1830,  8,322;  1840, 
11,136.  The  river  is  navigable  to  this  place  for 
vessels  of  100  tons,  and  the  falls  immediately 
above  it  afford  an  extensive  water  power.  A 
canal  is  cut  round  these  falls  for  the  purpose  of 
navigation.  The  borough  contains,  besides  Pe- 
tersburg, the  village  of  Blandford,  in  Prince 
George  co.,  and  of  Pocahontas,  in  Chesterfield 
co.  It  has  a  court  house,  jail,  masonic  hall,  2 
banks,  and  an  insurance  office.  It  has  7  churches 
— 1  Presbyterian,  1  Methodist,  1  Baptist,  1  Epis- 
copal, and  2  African.  The  great  southern  chain 
of  railroads  passes  through  it,  and  adds  to  its  im- 
portance. It  is  one  of  the  handsomest  and  most 
commercial  towns  in  the  state,  and  exports 
largely  tobacco  and  flour.  The  tonnage  in  1840, 
was  3,098,  There  were  6  commercial  and  8 
commission  houses  engaged  in  for.  trade,  cap. 
$875,000;  121  retail  stores,  cap.  $1,026,250;  2 
lumber  yards,  cap.  $6,000 ;  1  furnace,  6  forges, 

1  woollen  fac,  2  cotton  fac.  7,520  sp.,  1  pottery, 

2  ropewalks,  2  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  2 
printing  offices,  1  semi-weekly  newspaper.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $726,555.  8  acad.  336  students,  7 
sch.  125  scholars.  In  July,  1815,  a  disastrous 
fire  destroyed  400  buildings,  and  property  esti- 
mated at  $2,000,000.  It  has  been  rebuilt  in  an 
improved  form,  with  three  story  brick  buildings. 

Petersburg,  p-v.,  Elbert  co.,  Ga.,  96  n.  e. 
Milledgeville,  552  W.  Situated  at  the  conflu- 
ence of  Savannah  and  Broad  rivers.  It  is  a  con- 
siderable v.,  but  less  flourishing  than  formerly. 

Petersburg,  p-v.,  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  72  s. 
Nashville,  718  W. 

Petersburg,  p-v.,  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  91  n. 
Frankfort,  516  W. 

Petersburg,  p-v.,  Springfield  t.,  Columbiana 
co.,  O.,  181  e.  n.  E.  Columbus,  275  W.  It  con- 
tains 187  inhabitants. 

Petersburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Pike  co.,  la.,  138 
s.  w.  Indianapolis,  677  W.  Situated  a  little  s.  of 
White  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  several 
stores  and  dwellings. 

Petersburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Menard  co.,  LI., 
21  n.  w.  Springfield,  801  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Sangamon  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
6  stores,  1  steam  saw  m.  and  grist  m.,  and  about 
25  dwellings. 

Petersburg,  p-v.,  Boone  co.,  Mo.,  54  n.  Jef- 
ferson City,  943  W. 

Petersburg  Four  Corners,  p-o.,  Peters- 
burg t.,  Rensselaer  co.,  N.  Y.,  31  e.  Albany,  397 
W. 

Peters  Creek,  p-o.,  Bladen  co.,  N.  C. 

Peters  Creek,  p-o.,  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  143  s. 
w.  Frankfort,  664  W. 

Petersham,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  64  w. 
by  n.  Boston,  462  W.  The  surface  is  elevated 
and  moderately  uneven  ;  soil,  fertile.  Watered 
by  Swift  r.,  which  affords  water  power.  Incor- 
porated in  1754.  It  contains  3  churches — 2  Con- 
gregational and  1  Baptist.  The  v.  occupies  a 
commanding  situation,  and  lies  on  a  street  3  ms. 
long.  There  are  in  the  t.  3  stores,  cap.  $25,000 ; 
2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $58,850 ;  13  sch.  328  scholars.  Population, 
1,775. 

Peterstown,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Va.,  247  v\. 
Richmond,  293  W.  Situated  on  Rich  cr.,  2  ms. 
above  its  entrance  into  New  r.  The  cr.  here  af- 
fords water  power,  and  has  some  mills  and  man- 
ufactories located  on  it. 

Petersville,  p-v.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  105 
E.  N.  e.  Harrisburg,  193  W. 


526 PHI 

Petersville,  p-v.,  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  89  n. 
w.  Annapolis,  57  W. 

Petra,  p-o.,  Saline  co.,  Mo. 

Pettis,  county,  Mo.  Situated  toward  the  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  600  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  La  Mine  r.  and  its  branches.  It  has  ex- 
tensive prairies,  with  timber  on  the  streams ; 
soil,  very  fertile.  Capital,  Georgetown.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,821,  sheep  2,551, 
swine  12,068 ;  wheat  6,579  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  162,145,  oats  38,640,  potatoes  6,390,  tobacco 
11,475  pounds ;  5  stores,  cap.  $32,300;  5  distil- 
leries, 5  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$11,300.  Pop.  whites  2,377,  slaves  552,  free 
col'd  1 ;  total,  2,930. 

Petit  Jean,  t.,  Conway  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  351. 

Petit  Gulf,  Mississippi  r.    (See  Rodney.) 

Petit  Menan,  islana,  Washington  co.,  Me., 
lies  in  the  Atlantic  ocean,  off  a  point  of  the  same 
name,  in  Steuben  t. 

Pewaukee,  t.,  Milwaukee  co.,  Wis.  It  has  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,200.  2  sch.  61 
scholars.     Pop.  222. 

Peyton  Creek,  p-o.,  Clay  co.,  la.,  54  w.  s.  w. 
Indianapolis,  625  W. 

Peytonsburg,  p-v.,  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  145 
w.  s.  w.  Richmond,  232  W. 

Peytonsville,  p-v.,  Williamson  co.,  Tenn., 
27  s.  Nashville,  693  W. 

Pharisburg,  p-v.,  Union  co.,  O.,  49  n.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 439  W. 

Pharsalia,  p-t.,  Chenango  co.,  N.  Y.,  127  w. 
Albany,  336  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  ar- 
gillaceous loam.  Drained  by  Geneganslette  cr. 
and  Ostelic  r.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $9,350 ;  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000.  11  sch.  453 
scholars.    Pop.  1,213. 

Pharsalia,  p-v.,  Panola  co.,  Miss. 

Phelps,  p-t.,  Ontario  co.,  N.  Y.,  15  E.  Canan- 
daigua,  185  w.  Albany,  350  W.  The  surface  is 
undulating ;  soil,  clay  loam,  and  fertile.  Drained 
by  Canandaigua  outlet  and  Flint  cr.,  which  here 
joins  it.  Gypsum  abounds  in  this  vicinity.  It 
has  18  stores,  cap.  $76,200 ;  3  fulling  m.,  1  tan- 
nery, 5  distilleries,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper,  8  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  11  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $231,350.  2  acad.  90  students, 
30  sch.  1,416  scholars.     Pop.  5,563. 

Phelps,  p-t.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.,  190  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 324  W.  It  is  a  flourishing  agricultural 
t.  Drained  by  Rock  and  Musketoe  creeks, 
which  afford  water  power. 

Phelpstown,  p-t.,  Ingham  co.,  Mich.,  71  w. 
Detroit,  574  W.     Pop.  121. 

Philadelphia,  p-t.,  Jefferson  co.,  N.  Y.,  16  n. 
e.  Watertown,  172  n.  w.  Albany,  432  W.  The 
surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  clay  and  sandy  loam. 
Drained  by  Indian  r.  and  its  tributaries.  The  v. 
is  situated  on  Indian  r.,  and  contains  1  Friends 
church,  1  store,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  20  dwellings, 
and  about  125  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t. 
4  stores,  cap.  $14,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,000.  18  sch.  709 
scholars.     Pop.  1,888. 

Philadelphia,  the  largest  city  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, and  the  second  in  size  and  population  in  the 
United  States,  is  situated  between  the  Delaware 
and  the  Schuylkill  rivers,  extending  2  miles  from 
the  one  to  the  other,  and  4£  miles  along  the  Del- 
aware, 5  miles  above  their  junction,  and  120  ms. 
by  the  course  of  the  Delaware  from  the  ocean. 
It  is  in  390  56'  51"  n.  lat.  and  75°  10'  05"  w.  Ion. 
from  Greenwich ;  and  1°  46'  30"  E.  from  Wash- 
ton.  It  is  300  ms.  s.  w.  from  Boston ;  86  s.  w 
from  New  York  ;  97  n.  e.  from  Baltimore  ;  98  e. 
by  s.  Harrisburg;  138  N.  e.  from  Washington.  It 
contained  in  1790,  42,500  inhabitants ,  in  1800 


PHI 


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70,287;  in  1810,  96,664 ;  in  1820,  119,325;  in 
1830,  167,811 ;  in  1810,  220,423.  Of  these  there 
were  engaged  in  agriculture,  693 ;  in  commerce, 
7,912;  in  manufactures  and  trades,  21,900;  nav- 
igating the  ocean,  rivers,  &c.  2,050  ;  learned  pro- 
fessions, &c.  1,549. 

The  city  is  situated  on  a  plain,  the  highest 
point  of  which  is  elevated  64  feet  above  the  or- 
dinary high  water  mark  in  the  river.  The 
city  proper  is  nearly  in  the  form  of  a  parallelo- 
gram, having  the  Delaware  on  the  east,  the 
Schuylkill  on  the  west,  Vine-street  on  the  n., 
and  South  or  Cedar  street  on  the  s.  But  there 
are  five  adjoining  districts  which  properly  belong 
to  Philadelphia,  though  they  have  incorporations 
and  municipal  authorities,  entirely  distinct  from 
the  city  proper,  and  from  each  other.  They  are 
the  Northern  Liberties,  Kensington,  and  Spring 
Garden  on  the  n.  ;  and  South wark  and  Moya- 
mensing  on  the  s. 

The  part  of  the  city  compactly  built  is  about 
8?  miles  in  circumference.  The  two  principal 
streets  are  Market  or  High  street,  which  extends 
from  the  Delaware  to  the  Schuylkill,  e.  and  w. 
through  the  middle  of  Philadelphia  proper  ;  and 
Broad-street,  which  runs  N.  ana  s.,  crossing  Mar- 
ket-street at  right  angles,  near  the  centre  of  the 
city  plat.  The  other  streets  of  this  portion  cross 
each  other  at  right  angles.  Market  or  High 
street  is  100  feet  broad,  and  Broad-street  is  113 
feet ;  Arch  or  Mulberry  street  is  66  feet  wide ; 
the  other  streets  are  50  feet.  The  adjoining  dis- 
tricts have  not  the  same  regularity  in  their  plan 
as  the  city  proper,  nor  do  the  whole  connect  in 
one  consistent  and  uniform  plan.  While  the  city 
proper  has  very  little  variety  of  surface,  on  the 
Delaware  above  this,  and  on  the  Schuylkill, 
above  and  below,  there  are  many  commanding 
situations  and  much  varied  scenery.  The  whole 
number  of  streets  in  the  city  and  districts  is  over 
600.  There  are  common  sewers  which  convey 
the  filth  of  the  streets  into  the  Delaware.  The 
houses  are  built  with  great  uniformity,  commo- 
diousness,  and  neatness,  and  the  streets  are  kept 
very  clean. 

The  largest  ships  come  up  the  Delaware  to  the 
city ;  and  it  is  here  nearly  a  mile  wide  to  Cam- 
den, which  lies  opposite,  in  New  Jersey.  The 
Schuylkill  is  also  navigable  for  smaller  vessels 
to  the  bridge  ;  and  ii  is  here  500  feet  wide.  Both 
rivers  are  generally  for  some  time  frozen  in  the 
winter,  which  constitutes  a  serious  obstacle  to 
the  commerce  of  Philadelphia.  The  amount  of 
the  tonnage  of  this  port  in  1840,  was  103,944. 

Among  the  public  buildings,  that  of  the  late 
United  States  Bank,  on  Chestnut-street,  is  con- 
spicuous. It  is  after  the  model  of  the  Parthenon, 
at  Athens.  The  building  is  87  feet  in  front,  and 
161  deep,  and  has  in  front  8  Doric  columns,  4 
feet  6  inches  in  diameter,  and  27  feet  high.  The 
interior  is  as  splendid  as  the  exterior  is  imposing. 
It  was  5  years  in  building,  and  cost  $500,000 ; 
but  on  the  demise  of  the  old  bank,  it  was  sold  to 
its  successor  for  $300,000.  The  Bank  of  Penn- 
sylvania is  on  Second,  below  Chestnut  street. 
The  entire  building  is  125  feet  by  51.  It  has  2 
Ionic  porticoes  of  six  columns  each.  The  bank- 
ing room  is  circular,  45  feet  in  diameter,  with  a 
dome,  and  lighted  by  a  lantern  in  the  centre.  It 
has  a  fine  lot  in  the  rear,  which  is  beautifully  laid 
out.  The  United  States  Mint,  corner  of  Chestnut 
and  Juniper  steets,  has  Ionic  porticoes  of  more 
than  120  feet  long  on  each  front,  and  is  a  splendid 
building,  first  occupied  in  1830.  The  interior 
has  various  apartments,  devoted  to  the  different 
processes  of  coining.  The  Merchants'  Exchange, 
between  Dock,  Walnut,  and  Third  streets,  is  95 


feet  by  1 14,  with  a  recessed  portico  of  4  Corin- 
thian columns  on  one  front ;  and  a  semi-circular 
portico  of  8  columns  on  the  other.  It  is  consid- 
ered as  one  of  the  most  beautiful  structures  in 
the  United  States.  The  basement  contains  va- 
rious offices,  with  the  post-office.  The  great  hall 
is  embellished  by  paintings  and  ornamental  de- 
vices. The  above  buildings  are  all  of  white  mar- 
ble. The  Girard  Bank  is  on  Third,  below  (  licst- 
nut  street.  Its  front  is  of  white  marble,  enriched 
with  a  portico  with  six  Corinthian  columns  of  the 
same  material.  The  other  sides  of  the  building  are 
of  brick.  It  has  extensive  grounds,  neatly  laid  out 
and  ornamented.  The  U.  States  Naval  Asylum  or 
Marine  Hospital,  is  386  feet  in  front  and  175  feet 
deep.  It  has  a  portico  in  the  centre  of  8  Ionic  col- 
umns. There  are  180  dormitories,  capable  of  lodg- 
ing 400  persons.  The  whole  is  surrounded  by 
ornamented  grounds.  The  cost  of  the  establish- 
ment was  $300,000.  The  Almshouse,  on  the  w. 
bank  of  the  Schuylkill,  consists  of  a  centre  build- 
ing with  wings,  together  with  two  detached  build- 
ings, one  at  each  end.  It  has  180  acres  of  ground, 
ten  of  which  are  occupied  by  its  enclosures. 
Girard  College  is  about  1  mile  from  the  city,  is  on 
a  tract  of  45  acres  of  ground,  and  consists  of  a 
centre  building,  including  the  portico,  160  feet  by 
218,  and  is  entirely  surrounded  by  a  splendid 
colonnade,  with  pillars  6  feet  in  diameter  and  55 
feet  high,  with  beautiful  Corinthian  capitals  ;  and 
two  other  buildings,  each  52  feet  wide  and  125 
feet  long.  This  establishment,  solely  for  the  ed- 
ucation of  orphan  children,  was  founded  by  a 
bequest,  for  the  purpose,  of  the  late  Stephen  Gi- 
rard, of  over  $2,000,000.  Among  the  public 
buildings  of  Philadelphia,  the  venerable  old 
State  House  in  Chestnut-st.,  erected  in  1735,  in 
which  Congress  sat  when  Independence  was  de- 
clared, and  where  the  convention  sat  that  formed 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  should  not 
be  overlooked.  The  room  in  which  they  sat  is 
carefully  preserved  without  alteration.  The 
original  bell,  cast  many  years  before  the  declara- 
tion of  independence,  is  preserved  in  the  tower  of 
the  steeple,  and  has  this  inscription,  "  Proclaim 
Liberty  throughout  this  land,  unto  all  the  in- 
habitants thereof."     Leviticus,  xxv.  10. 

Philadelphia  has  many  public  squares,  none  of 
which  are  very  large,  but  many  of  them  finely 
laid  out  and  ornamented.  Independence  Square 
is  directly  back  of  the  old  State  House,  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  brick  wall,  on  the  top  of  which  is 
an  iron  fence,  is  laid  out  with  ground  walks, 
grass  plats,  and  shaded  with  trees.  Here,  from 
the  steps  of  the  State  House,  the  Declaration  of 
Independence  was  first  read  to  the  assembled 
people ;  and  here  meetings  are  now  frequently 
held  for  political  purposes.  Washington  Square, 
between  Walnut  and  Locust,  Sixth  and  Wash- 
ington streets,  which  is  an  elegant  promenade, 
was  formerly,  in  time  of  the  yellow  fever,  a  bu- 
rial place.  It  is  surrounded  with  an  iron  railing, 
and  finely  ornamented  with  walks,  trees,  and 
shrubbery.  Franklin  Square  is  finely  ornament- 
ed, and  has  in  its  centre  a  magnificent  fountain  ; 
but  was  also  once  a  cemetery  of  the  German  So- 
ciety. Logan  Square,  and  Rittenhouse  Square, 
are  also  fine  openings,  as  yet  less  ornamented. 
Penn  Square,  at  the  intersection  of  Broad  and 
Market  streets,  was  once  the  finest  public  ground 
in  the  city.  It  was  laid  in  a  circle,  and  had  in  its 
centre  a  fine  marble  building,  in  the  form  of  a 
temple,  containing  a  steam  engine  for  raising  the 
Schuylkill  water.  The  water  works  have  been 
Temoved,  and  Market  and  Broad  streets  have 
been  run  through  it,  dividing  it  into  4  parts. 

Among  the  public  works  of  the  city,  the  Fah> 


PHI 


528 


PHI 


mount  Water  Works  stand  pre-eminent.  They 
are  on  the  e.  bank  of  the  Schuylkill,  2  miles  n. 
w.  from  the  city.  They  occupy  an  area  of  30 
acres,  consisting  mostly  of  a  hill,  100  feet  high. 
On  the  top  of  the  hill  are  4  reservoirs,  with  an 
aggregate  capacity  of  22,000,000  gallons.  The 
whole  is  surrounded  by  a  substantial  pale-fence, 
around  which  is  a  gravelled  walk.  A  dam  is  made 
across  the  Schuylkill,  and  the  water  from  the 
pond  moves  forcing  pumps,  which  raise  the  wa- 
ter of  the  river  to  the  reservoirs,  from  which  it  is 
distributed  in  pipes  over  the  city.  The  scenery 
at  the  waterworks  has  great  variety  and  beauty. 
At  the  western  termination  of  Market-street  is  a 
substantial  bridge  over  the  Schuylkill,  1,350  feet 
long,  including  the  abutments,  and  42  feet  wide. 
It  has  2  stone  piers  and  3  arches,  and  cost  $300,000. 
There  is  a  viaduct  over  the  Schuylkill,  built  by 
the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington,  and  Baltimore  rail- 
road company,  which  also  admits  the  passage 
of  ordinary  carriages.  These  are-the  only  bridges 
which  cross  the  Schuylkill,  near  the  city. 

Numerous  steamboats  and  other  craft  afford 
a  constant  and  easy  communication  with  New 
York  and  Baltimore  ;  and  railroads  in  various 
directions,  make  Philadelphia  a  great  thorough- 
fare. By  the  Pennsylvania  canal,  and  a  short 
railroad  over  the  Alleghany  mts.,  this  city  has  a 
commercial  connection  with  Pittsburgh,  and  the 
great  valley  of  the  Mississippi.  There  were  in 
1840,  184  foreign  commercial  and  44  commission 
houses,  with  a  cap.  of  $2,049,501 ;  1,791  retail 
stores,  with  a  cap.  of  $17,032,384;  48  lumber 
yards,  with  a  cap.  of  $1,118,500;  2  furnaces, 
with  a  cap.  of  $259,050 ;  machinery  was  manu- 
factured to  the  amount  of  $915,864;  hardware 
and  cutlery,  $154,400 ;  the  precious  metals, 
$2,651,510;  of  various  metals,  $876,060;  15 
woollen  fac,  cap.  $135,100;  17  cotton  fac,  with 
17,922  sp. ;  14  printing  and  dyeing  estab.,  with  a 
total  cap.  of  $474,000 ;  8  tanneries,  with  a  cap. 
of  $117,500;  11  distilleries,  16  breweries,  with  a 
cap.  of  $415,200  ;  paints  and  drugs,  $1,839,050  ; 
1  glass  fac.  and  1  glass  cutting  estab.,  with  a  cap. 
of  $23,500;  6  potteries,  with  a  cap.  of  $24,000; 
12  sugar  refineries  produced  $890,000;  6  paper 
fac.  produced  $31,250 ;  12  rope  walks,  with  a 
cap.  of  $82,900 ;  1  saw  m.,  1  flouring  m,,  1  grist 
m.,  cap.  $8,000;  furniture  to  the  amount  of 
$526,200;  808  brick  and  stone  houses,  and  62 
wooden  houses,  cost  $2,751,333;  46  printing  offi- 
ces, 12  binderies,  8  daily,  16  weekly,  7  semi- 
weeklv  newspapers,  and  26  periodicals,  employed 
911  persons,  with  a  cap.  of  $252,600.  Total  cap. 
in  manufac.  $8,796,993.  There  were  5  colleges, 
with  737  students,  109  academies  and  grammar 
schools,  with  7,610  students,  167  common  and 
primary  schools,  with  22,678  scholars. 

The  benevolent  institutions  of  Philadelphia 
are  exceedingly  numerous.  Among  them  Jthe 
Pennsylvania  Hospital  was  founded  in  1750, 
through  the  instrumentality  of  Dr.  Franklin  and 
others.  The  state  granted  £2,000,  and  the  same 
sum  was,  by  stipulation,  raised  by  subscription  ; 
the  proprietaries  made  a  further  donation,  and 
the  building  was  commenced  in  1755.  In  a  fine 
area  in  front  of  the  hospital,  stands  a  full  length 
statue  of  William  Penn,  in  bronzed  lead.  This 
institution  is  well  managed ;  and  they  have  re- 
cently erected  a  separate  institution  for  the  in- 
sane. The  House  of  Refuge  for  juvenile  delin- 
quents ;  the  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  ; 
the  Institution  for  the  Blind,  and  the  Philadelphia 
Orphan  Asylum,  are  useful  establishments. 

There  are  in  the  City  and  Liberties  13  banks, 
with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $14,550,000,  besides 
the  United  States  Bank  of  Pennsylvania,  whose 


capital  was  $35,000,000 ;  and  23  insurance  com- 
panies. 

The  University  of  Pennsylvania  was  founded 
in  1791,  by  the  union  of  two  previous  institutions, 
the  first  of  which  was  instituted  in  1755.  It  has 
14  instructors,  116  students,  and  5,000  volumes 
in  its  library.  The  most  flourishing  department 
is  the  medical,  which  has  7  professors  and  over 
400  students,  and  is  the  most  distinguished  insti- 
tution of  the  kind  in  the  United  States.  Jefferson 
Medical  College  was  formerly  connected  with 
the  college  at  Cannonsburg,  but  is  now  inde- 
pendent, founded  in  1824 ;  it  has  7  professors  and 
145  students.  The  medical  department  of  Penn- 
syvania  College,  founded  in  1839,  has  6  profes- 
sors and  60  students.  The  American  Philosophi- 
cal Society  was  founded  in  1740,  chiefly  through 
the  exertions  of  Dr.  Franklin.  In  1769  it  was 
united  with  another  similar  society.  It  has  an 
excellent  library  and  a  collection  of  minerals. 
The  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  founded  in 
1817,  has  a  library  of  over  9,000  volumes.  The 
Franklin  Institute  was  founded  in  1824,  and  con- 
sists of  3,000  manufacturers,  artisans,  and  me- 
chanics. The  Atheneum,  founded  in  1815,  has 
a  good  library  and  reading  room.  The  Mercan- 
tile Library,  formed  in  1822,  has  5  or  6,000  vol- 
umes, chiefly  relating  to  commerce  and  its  kin- 
dred subjects.  The  Historical  Society  has  issued 
many  useful  publications  relating  to  the  early 
history  of  Pennsylvania.  The  Philadelphia  Li- 
brary Company,  established  through  the  influence 
of  Dr.  Franklin,  has  a  library  of  over  42,000 
volumes. 

There  are  about  100  churches  in  the  city,  of 
which  the  Presbyterians  have  24  ;  the  Episcopa- 
lians 19  ;  the  Methodists  19  ;  the  Baptists  17 ;  the 
Roman  Catholics  6,  &c. 

Among  the  places  of  amusement  there  are  4  or 
5  theatres,  a  number  of  public  gardens,  and  the 
Philadelphia  Museum,  the  best  in  the  United 
States. 

The  government  of  the  city  proper,  is  in  the 
hands  of  a  mayor,  a  select  council  of  12,  and  a 
common  council  of  20  members.  One  third  of 
the  select,  and  the  whole  of  the  common  council, 
are  chosen  annually  by  the  people,  and  the  coun- 
cils elect  a  mayor.  The  aldermen,  who  are  15 
in  number,  are  appointed  by  the  governor  to  act, 
with  the  mayor,  as  judges,  during  good  behavior ; 
and  the  aldermen  act  as  justices  of  the  peace. 
The  whole  legislative  power  is  in  the  councils, 
of  which  the  select  council  is  a  kind  of  senate. 

Southwark  is  governed  by  15  commissioners, 
and  was  incorporated  in  1794.  The  Northern 
Liberties,  incorporated  in  1803,  is  governed  by  5 
commissioners. 

Philadelphia  was  first  surveyed  and  regulated 
in  1682.  It  had  previously  been  in  possession  of 
the  Swedes,  some  of  whom  came  into  the  coun- 
try, bordering  on  Delaware  bay,  as  early  as  1627. 
It  was  named  after  a  city  in  Asia  Minor,  and  the 
plan  is  said  to  have  been  suggested  by  that  of 
ancient  Babylon,  and  according  to  the  original 
design  of  William  Penn,  its  original  lbunder  and 
proprietor,  was  designed  to  have  equalled  that 
ancient  capital  in  extent ;  but  the  idea  was  soon 
abandoned,  and  the  charter  of  1701  restricted  it 
to  the  present  boundaries  of  the  city  proper. 
Penn's  country  residence  was  at  Pennsburg 
Manor,  above  Bristol,  in  which  was  a  large  Hall 
of  Audience,  where  he  held  treaties  with  the 
Indians ;  and  the  oak  arm-chair  in  which  he 
sat,  is  now  in  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital.  The 
first  Congress  assembled  in  Philadelphia,  Sept. 
5th,  1774,  and  adopted  a  declaration  of  rights ;  in 
July  4th,  1776,  the  declaration  of  independence  ; 


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PIA 


m  the  autumn  of  177G,  retired  to  Baltimore ;  Sept. 
26th,  1777,  the  city  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
British,  who  occupied  it  until  the  18th  of  June 
following.  May  17th,  1787,  a  convention  met 
here,  and  in  Sept.  17th,  following,  agreed  on  a 
constitution  for  the  United  States.  In  1793  and 
1708  the  yellow  fever  raged  in  the  city. 

Philadelphia,  p-v.,  capital  of  Neshoba  co., 
Miss.,  83  e.  n.  B.  Jackson,  931  W.  Situated  on 
the  E.  side  of  Kentokey  cr.,  a  branch  of  Pearl  r. 
It  contains  a  court  house  and  several  dwellings. 

Philadelphia,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Tenn.,  160 
e.  s.  k.  Nashville,  533  W. 

Philadelphia,  p-v.,  Hancock  co.,  la.,  15  e. 
Indianapolis,  556  W. 

Philadelphia,  p-v.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa. 
Situated  on  Des  Moines  river,  at  the  mouth  of 
Lick  cr. 

Philadelphia,  p-v.,  Robeson  co.,  N.  C,  106 
s.  by  w.  Raleigh,  394  W. 

Philanthropy,  p-o.,  Reiley  t.,  Butler  co.,  O., 
120  w.  s.  w.  Columbus,  508  W. 

Philips,  county,  Ark.  Situated  in  the  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  731)  sq.  ms.  Mississippi 
r.  bounds  it  on  the  E.  Watered  by  St.  Francis  r., 
and  Lanquille  r.  its  tributary.  The  surface  of 
the  southern  part  is  extensively  liable  to  submer- 
sion. The  n.  part  is  a  dry,  sandy  soil,  very  fertile 
where  it  is  capable  of  cultivation.  Capital,  Hel- 
ena. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,634,  sheep 
557,  swine  11,415;  wheat  151  bush,  produced, 
Ind.  corn  160,675,  oats  3,850,  potatoes  15,256,  to- 
bacco 1,455  pounds,  cotton  146,409 ;  10  stores, 
cap.  $77,000;  2  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  22  grist 
m.,  5  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  news- 
papers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $52,335.  5  sch.  109 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  5,262,  slaves  905,  free 
col'd  17 ;  total,  3,547. 

Philipsburg,  p-v.,  Rush  t.,  Centre  co.,  Pa., 
1 19  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  21 1  W.  Situated  on  Mush- 
annon  cr.,  20  ms.  from  its  confluence  with  the  w. 
branch  of  Susquehanna  r.,  to  which  it  is  naviga- 
ble. It  is  a  neat  v.,  containing  1  Episcopal  church, 
several  stores,  1  steam  grist  m.,  1  forge,  1  wire 
and  screw  fac,  and  about  60  dwellings. 

Philipsburg,  p-v.,  Wells  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  O., 
137  e.  by  n.  Columbus,  262  W.  Situated  on 
Ohio  r.,  opposite  Wellsburg,  Va.  It  has  an  ex- 
tensive mercantile  warehouse. 

Philipsport,  p  v.,  Mamakating  t.,  Sullivan 
co.,  N.  Y.,  92  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  287  W.  Situated 
on  the  Delaware  and  Hudson  canal,  and  contains 
a  Methodist  church,  1  store,  1  grist  m.,  20  dwell- 
ings, and  about  100  inhabitants. 

Philip's  Store,  p-o.,  Nash  co.,  N.  C,  53  e. 
Raleigh,  270  W. 

Philipstown,  p-v.,  White  co.,  111.,  190  s.  e. 
Springfield,  742  W. 

Philipsville,  p-v.,  Amity  t.,  Alleghany  co., 
N.  Y.  Situated  on  Genesee  r.,  on  the  line  of  the 
N.  York  and  Erie  railroad,  and  contains  1  church, 
2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  35  dwellings,  and 
about  250  inhabitants. 

Phillips,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  55  n.  w.  Au- 
gusta, 636  W.  Watered  by  Sandy  r.,  which 
flows  into  Kennebec  r.  Incorporated  in  1812. 
It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $14,500 ;  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,850.  11  sch.  597  scholars. 
Pop.  1,312. 

Phillipsburg,  t.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $3,501) ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $39,490.     1  school.     Pop.  333. 

Phillipsburg,  p-v.,  Wallkill  t.,  Orange  co., 
N.  Y.,  109  s.  by  w.  Albany,  282  W.     It  contains 
1  store,  2  woolien  fac,  1  wool  carding  machine, 
1  grist  m.,  1  distillery,  and  8  or  10  dwellings. 
67 


Phillipsburg,  p-v.,  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  263  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  319  W. 

Phillipsburg,  b.,  New  Sewickly  t.,  Beaver 
co.,  Pa.  Situated  2  ms.  from  Beaver  b.,  on  the 
s.  side  of  the  Ohio  r.,  opposite  the  entrance  of 
Beaver  r.  It  contains  1  church,  1  store,  and 
about  65  dwellings.  Steamboat  building  is  ex- 
tensively carried  on.  A  bridge  connects  it  with 
Bridgewater,  on  the  opposite  side  of  Beaver  r. 

Phillipston,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  65  n. 
w.  by  w.  Boston,  414  W.  The  surface  is  un- 
even ;  soil,  fertile.  It  contains  3  churches — 1 
Congregational,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Universalist. 
Chartered  in  1736,  by  the  name  of  Gerry  ;  chang- 
ed to  Phillipston  in  1812.  It  has  a  large  pond  in 
its  e.  part.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $11,000;  1  full- 
ing m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  1,512  sp.,  2 
tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$33,500.    7  sch.  273  scholars.     Pop.  919. 

Phillipstown,  t.,  Putnam  co.,  N.  Y.,  14  w. 
Carmel,  96  s.  Albany.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous, containing  some  of  the  most  elevated 
peaks  of  the  Highlands.  Cold  Spring  v.  is  situ- 
ated on  the  E.  bank  of  Hudson  r.,  nearly  oppo- 
site to  West  Point.  Hudson  river  runs  on  its 
w.  boundary.  Iron  ore  abounds  in  the  vicinity. 
It  has  18  stores,  cap.  $39,500  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  fur- 
nace, 1  tannery,  1  paper  fac,  1  flouring  m.,  4  grist 
m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $165,310.  9  sch. 
547  scholars.     Pop.  3,814. 

Phillipsville,  v.,  Granby  t.,  Oswego  co.,  N. 
Y.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Oswego  r.,  and 
contains  2  stores,  2  saw  m.,  25  dwellings,  and 
about  175  inhabitants.  The  r.  has  a  descent 
here  of  20  feet,  creating  a  great  water  power. 

Philometh,  p-o.,  Union  co.,  la.,  69  e.  by  s. 
Indianapolis,  508  W. 

Philomont,  p-v.,  Loudon  co.,  Va.,  12  s.  Lees- 
ville,  141  n.  Richmond,  48  W.  It  contains  a 
store  and  6  or  8  dwellings. 

Phippsburg,  p-t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  44  s.  Au- 
gusta, 534.  Situated  at  the  mouth  of  Kennebec 
r.,  on  a  peninsula,  between  Kennebec  r.  on  the 
E.  and  New  Meadow  bay  on  the  w.  It  has  the 
Atlantic  on  the  s.  Sequin  and  Pond  islands,  on 
each  of  which  is  a  light-house,  belong  to  the  t. 
Cape  Small  Point  is  at  its  s.  extremity.  It  has 
considerable  navigation,  employed  chiefly  in  the 
fisheries.  Ship  building  is  a  considerable  busi- 
ness. It  has  7  commercial  houses,  cap.  $2,850  ; 
1  grist  m.,  33  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $143,417 
9  sch.  65 1  scholars.     Pop.  1,657. 

Phipp's  Mills,  p-o.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  215  w. 
n.  w.  Harrisburg,  273  W. 

Pikenix,  p-v.,  Schrceppel  t.,  Oswego  co.,  N. 
Y.,  148  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  365  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  Oswego  r.,  on  the  Oswego  canal, 
and  contains  1  church,  6  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  6 
saw  m.,  50  dwellings,  and  about  3 JO  inhabitants. 

Phcenix,  p  o.,  Edgefield  dist.,  S.  C,  77  w.  Co- 
W 


lumbia,  541  W 

Phqznix  Mills,  p-o.,  Walworth  co.,  Wis.,  61 
s.  e.  Madison,  804  W. 

Phoznixville,  p-v.,  Schuylkill  t.,  Chester  co., 
Pa.,  79  e.  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  156  W.  Situated  at 
the  junction  of  French  cr.  with  Schuylkill  r.  It 
contains  2  stores,  2  rolling  m.,  a  nail  fac,  pro- 
ducing 2,000  tons  of  nails  annually,  1  cotton  fac 
2,000  sp.,  100  dwellings,  and  about  700  inhab- 
itants. 

Physic  Spring,  p-o.,  Buckingham  co.,  Va.,  64 
w.  Richmond,  142  W. 

Piatt,  county,  111.  Situated  a  little  n.  of  e. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  440  sq. 
ms.  Drained  by  Sangamon  r.  Capital,  Monticello. 

Piatt's  Landing,  p-o.,  Boone  Co.,  Ky.,  72  N. 
Frankfort,  530  W. 


PIE 


530 


PIK 


Pick  am  ink,  p-o.,  Iroquois  co.,  111.,  198  n.  e. 
Springfield,  700  W. 

Pickaway,  county,  O.  Situated  a  little  s.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  470  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  generally  level ;  soil,  very  fertile, 

Jrielding  40  or  45  bushels  of  wheat,  and  65  of 
ndian  corn,  to  the  acre.  Drained  by  Scioto  r. 
and  its  tributaries,  Darby,  Deer,  and  Little  Wal- 
nut creeks.  Capital,  Circleville.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  19,273,  sheep  25,858,  swine 
37,895 ;  wheat  246,661  bushels  produced,  rye 
10,414,  Ind.com  1,323,884,  buckwheat  1,342,  oats 
160,858,  potatoes  18,067,  tobacco  1,128  pounds, 
sugar  11,050 ;  1  furnace ;  33  stores,  cap.  $91,150  ; 
3  commission  houses,  cap.  $10,000 ;  4  fulling  m., 
2  woollen  fac,  13  tanneries,  8  distilleries,  1  brew- 
ery, 2  potteries,  8  flouring  m.,  15  grist  m.,  38 
saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  3  printing  offices,  2  weekly,  1 
semi-weekly,  and  4  periodical  newspapers.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $66,513.  1  acad.  15  students,  54  sch. 
1,522  scholars.    Pop.  19,725. 

Pickaway,  t.,  Pickaway  co.,  O.  It  has  1  tan- 
nery, 1  pottery,  1  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $25,505.  6  sch.  176  scholars.  Pop. 
1,572. 

Pickens,  district,  S.  C.  Situated  in  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,200  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  hilly  and  mountainous.  Drained  by 
Seneca  r.  and  its  branches,  a  tributary  of  Tuga- 
loo  r.  Capital,  Pickens  C.  H.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  14,873,  sheep  7,961,  swine 
32,566;  wheat  48,815  bushels  produced,  rye 
3,440,  Indian  corn  515,215,  oats  91,539,  potatoes 
32,238,  tobacco  13,613  pounds,  cotton  395,253; 
16  stores,  cap.  $59,600 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  7  tanneries,  49  distilleries,  9  flouring  m.,  72 
grist  m.,  25  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $72,800. 
1  acad.  51  students,  25  sch.  579  scholars.  Pop. 
whites,  11,548,  slaves  2,715,  free  col'd  93;  total, 
14,356. 

Pickens,  county,  Ala.  Situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  720  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Tombigbee  r.  and  its  branches,  the  chief  of 
which  is  Sipsey  or  New  r.  Capital,  Carrollton. 
It  has  3  acad.  120  students,  28  sch.  609  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  9,317,  slaves  7,764,  free  col'd  7; 
total.  17  118. 

Pickens,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Pickens  dist.,  S. 
C,  130  n.  w.  by  w.  Columbia.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  an  academy,  and  from  200  to 
300  inhabitants. 

Piokens  Mills,  p-o.,  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  52 
s.  Tuscaloosa,  864  W. 

Pickensville,  p-v.,  Pickeus  dist.,  S.  C,  120  w. 
n.  w.  Columbia,  515  W.  It  contains  an  acade- 
my, and  about  150  inhabitants. 

Pickensville,  p-v.,  Pickens  co.,  Ala.,  53  w. 
Tuscaloosa,  861  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of 
the  Tombigbee  r.,  and  contains  a  church,  10 
stores,  and  about  500  inhabitants. 
Pickering,  island,  Hancock  co.,  Me. 
Pickering,  p-o.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  78  E.  s.  e 
Harrisburg,  135  W. 

Pickerington,  p-v.,  Violet  t.,  Fairfield  co.,  O., 
17  E.  s.  E.  Columbus,  388  W.  It  contains  2 
churches,  3  stores,  35  dwellings,  and  about  200 
inhabitants. 

Piedmont,  p-v.,  Harris  co.,  Ga.,  135  w.  s.  w. 
Milledgeville,  768  W. 

Piermont,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  65  n.  n 
w.  Concord,  510  W.  Connecticut  r.  bounds  it  on 
the  w.,  on  which  are  extensive  and  highly  fertile 
intervales  Watered  by  Eastman's  brook,  flow- 
ing from  2  ponds  in  its  e.  part,  and  which  affords 
water  power.  Indian  brook  crosses  its  s.  w.  cor- 
ner. First  settled  in  1770.  It  lias  2  stores,  cap. 
$5,000;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  3 


saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,450.  1  sch.  10 
scholars.     Pop.  1,057. 

Piermont,  p-v.,  Orangetown  t.,  Rockland  co., 
N.  Y.,  24  N.  New  York,  135  s.  by  w.  Albany,  258 
W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Hudson  r.,  on 
Sparkhill  cr.,  which  affords  water  power.  It  con- 
tains 2  churches,  an  academy,  5  stores,  1  woollen 
fac,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,"  140  dwellings,  and 
about  1 ,000  inhabitants.  The  New  York  and  Erie 
railroad  commences  at  this  point,  and  the  Pali- 
sades here  terminate  in  an  abrupt  hill. 

Pierpont,  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.  Y.,  8  e. 
Canton,  202  n.  n.  w.  Albany,  486  W.  The  sur- 
face is  diversified ;  soil,  various.  It  is  40  miles 
long  from  n.  to  s.  Drained  by  Oswegatchie  and 
Grass  rivers.  Racket  r.  crosses  its  n.  e.  corner. 
It  has  1  fulling  m.,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac  $5,945.  11  sch.  438  scholars.  Pop. 
1,430. 

Pierpont,  p-t,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.,  213  n.  e. 
Columbus,  330  W. 

Piffardiana,  p-o.,  Livingston  co.,  N.  Y. 

Pig,  r.,  Va.,  rises  in  the  Blue  ridge,  and  falls 
into  Roanoke  r.,  after  a  course  of  35  miles. 

Pigeon,  t.,  Vanderburgh  co.,  la.  It  has  3  sch. 
75  scholars.     Pop.  2,352. 

Pigeon  Creek,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  253 
E.  Nashville,  444  W 

Pigeon  Creek,  p-o.,  Ralls  co.,  Mo.,  104  n.  n. 
e.  Jefferson  City,  919  W. 

Pigeon  Forge,  p-o.,  Sevier  co.,  Tenn. 

Pigeon  River,  p-o.,  Haywood  co.,  N.  C,  284 
w.  Raleigh,  514  W. 

Pigeon  Run,  p-o.,  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  133  w. 
s.  w.  Richmond,  211  W. 

Pike,  county,  Pa.  Situated  toward  the  N.  E. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  729  sq.  ms.  Dela- 
ware r.  bounds  it  on  the  n.  e.  and  s.  e.  The 
surface  is  mountainous  and  broken  ;  soil,  gene- 
rally barren,  excepting  along  the  Delaware  r., 
where  is  good  land.  Watered  by  Lackawaxen 
r.,  along  which  passes  the  Delaware  and  Hud- 
son canal.  Several  creeks  which  flow  into  the 
Delaware  afford  water  power.  The  lumber 
business  forms  the  chief  employment  of  the  in- 
habitants. Capital,  Milford.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  2,935,  sheep  3,037,  swine  3,421 ; 
wheat  4,469  bushels  produced,  rve  32,994,  Ind. 
corn  21,759,  buckwheat  19,317,  oats  16,019,  pota- 
toes 51,614;  11  stores,  cap.  $43,300;  1  woollen 
fac,  4  tanneries,  7  grist  m.,  46  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac  $113,605.  1  acad.  46  students,  18  sch. 
426  scholars.     Pop.  3,832. 

Pike,  county,  Ga.  Situated  a  little  w.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  470  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Anhau  r.  a  branch  of  Flint  r.,  which 
bounds  it  on  the  w.  Capital,  Zebulon.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  11,746,  sheep  4,475, 
swine  24,207;  wheat  47,171  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  396,282,  oats  27,516,  potatoes  14,715,  tobac- 
co 3,947  pounds,  cotton  6,074,959  ;  1 1  stores,  cap. 
$48,250  ;  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  2  oil  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,900.  1  acad.  25  students, 
8  sch.  256  scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,595,  slaves 
2,549,  free  col'd  32 ;  total,  9,176. 

Pike,  county,  Ala.  Situated  toward  the  s.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,100  sq.  ms.  Pea 
r.  runs  on  its  e.  border.  Drained  by  Conecuh  r. 
and  its  branches.  Capital,  Troy.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  28,375,  sheep  3,726.  swine 
36  240  ;  wheat  4,020  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
385,993,  oats  8,173,  potatoes  32,320,  cotton  733,266 
pounds  ;  8  stores,  cap.  $5,750  ;  12  grist  m.,  7  saw 
m.,  19  sch.  412  scholars.  Pop.  whites  7,987, 
slaves  2,111,  free  col'd  10;  total,  10,103. 

Pike,  county,  Miss.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  864  sq.  ms. 


PIK 


531 


PIK 


Drained  by  Bogue  Chitto  r.  and  its  branches,  and 
by  Tangiapaho  r.,  which  flows  into  Lake  Pont- 
chartrain.  Capital,  Holmesville.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,4*1,  sheep  2,482,  swine 
J9,591 ;  wheat  257  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
180,345,  oats  9,198,  potatoes  26,818,  rice  139,600 

?ounds,  cotton  1,416,751  ;  3  stores,  cap.  $24,000; 
2  sch.  242  scholars.  Pop.  whiles  3,756  slaves 
2,374,  free  col'd  21 ;  total,  6,151. 

Pikk,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  s.  E.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  400  sq.  ms.  Cumber- 
land mountain  bounds  it  on  the  s.  E.  Drained 
by  the  w.  fork  of  Big  Sandy  r.  Capital,  Pike- 
ton.  There  were  in  1810,  neat  cattle  5,717, 
sheep  2,984,  swine  11,866;  wheat  4,966  bush, 
produced,  Ind.  corn  174,393,  oats  21,292,  potatoes 
8,767,  tobacco  11,369  pounds,  cotton  14,491,  sugar 
16,850 ;  12  stores,  cap.  $25,743 ;  48  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  §3,436.  1  sch.  25 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,469,  slaves  85,  free  col'd 
13 ;  total,  3,567. 

Pike,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  s.  part  of 
the  state,  and  contains  421  sq.  ms.  Scioto  r. 
passes  centrally  through  it  from  n.  to  s.  The 
surface  is  various;  soil,  very  fertile.  Capital, 
Chilicothe.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
9,559,  sheep  8,706,  swine  12,362;  wheat  82,470 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  356,434,  oats  106,324, 
potatoes  4,593  ;  23  stores,  cap.  $37,230  ;  3  flour- 
ing m.,  5  grist  m.,  19  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$15,760.     37  sch.  823  scholars.     Pop.  7,626. 

Pike,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  s.  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  325  sq.  ms.  Organized 
in  1816.  The  surface  is  gently  rolling;  soil,  fer- 
tile. White  r.  runs  on  its  N.  boundary,  and 
is  navigable.  Watered  by  Patoka  river  and 
Flat  creek.  Capital,  Petersburg.  There  were 
in  1340,  neat  cattle  4,733,  sheep  5,152,  swine 
18,578  ;  wheat  33,947  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
'239,037,  oats  31,934,  potatoes  9,366,  tobacco 
11,440  pounds,  sugar  6,732;  15  stores,  cap. 
$33,100  ;  3  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  8  grist  m.,  3 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $22,387.  1  acad.  15 
students,  12  sch.  342  scholars.    Pop.  4,769. 

Pike,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  w.  part  of 
the  state,  and  contains  800  sq.  ms.  The  Illinois 
r.  bounds  it  on  the  e.,  and  the  Mississippi  on  the 
s.  w.  Drained  by  creeks  which  flow  into  these 
rivers,  and  which  afford  water  power.  Snycar- 
tee  slough  passes  along  the  Mississippi  in  this 
co.  There  is  a  salt  spring  on  McKee's  cr.,  20 
feet  in  diameter.  Capital,  Pittsfield.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  12,597,  sheep  6,937, 
swine  22,413;  wheat  81,879  bush,  produced,  rye 
1,221,  Ind.  corn  359,945,  buckwheat  1,740,  oats 
30,360,  potatoes  31,615,  tobacco  12,065  pounds, 
sugar  8,240  ;  20  stores,  cap.  $63,400  ;  14  tanneries, 
1  distillery,  1  flouring  m.,  11  grist  m.,  18  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $57,030.  2  acad.  105  students, 
6  sch.  656  scholars.    Pop.  11,728. 

Pike,  county,  Mo.    Situated  toward  the  N.  E. 

Sart  of  the  state,  and  contains  720  sq.  ms.  The 
lississippi  r.  bounds  it  on  the  n.  e.  Salt  r.  runs 
through  its  N.  E.  part  into  the  Mississippi.  Drain- 
ed on  the  s.  by  a  branch  of  Cuivre  r.  Capital, 
Bowling  Green.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 13,515,  sheep  14,312,  swine  33,940;  wheat 
42,971  bush,  produced,  rye  2,306,  Ind.  corn 
513,160,  oats  73,930,  potatoes  21,641,  tobacco 
822,922  pounds,  sugar  20,045 ;  1  commercial 
house,  cap.  $2,200 ;  36  stores,  cap.  $133,077 ;  3 
woollen  fac,  11  tanneries,  9  distilleries,  2  potte- 
ries, 2  flouring  m.,  15  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.,  1  print- 
ing office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $69,530.  27  sch.  1,048  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  8,157,  slaves  2,472,  free  col'd  17  ;  total, 
10,646. 


Pike,  county,  Ark.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  slate,  and  contains  500  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  branches  of  Little  Missouri  r.  Capi- 
tal, Murfreesboro'.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  1,772,  sheep  448,  swine  5,744;  wheat  653 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  70,115,  potatoes  2,670, 
tobacco  1,018  pounds,  cotton  11,993,  1  grist  m., 
1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,800.  Pop.  whites 
860,  slaves  109 :  total,  969. 

Pike,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y.,  20  n.  Angelica, 
257  w.  by  s.  Albany,  350  W.  The  surface  is 
rolling;  soil,  a  fertile  mold.  Drained  by  East 
Koy  and  West  Koy  creeks.  The  v.  is  situated 
on  West  Koy  cr.,  and  contains  1  Baptist  and  1 
Methodist  church,  8  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m., 
1  oil  m.,  1  furnace,  2  tanneries,  2  clothiers'  works, 
90  dwellings,  and  about  600  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.  9  stores,  cap.  $20,550 ;  3  fulling  m., 
1  furnace,  3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $34,625.  9  sch.  289 
scholars.     Pop.  2,176. 

Pike,  t.,  Potter  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  4 
saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,100.    Pop.  139. 

Pike,  t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is  une- 
ven ;  soil,  gravel,  not  fertile,  and  indifferently 
cultivated.  Drained  by  the  sources  of  Mana- 
tawny  cr.,  which  afford  water  power.  It  has  1 
church,  common  to  Lutherans  and  Presbyteri- 
ans.   It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $11,000  ;  1  fulling  m., 

1  woollen  fac,  1  forge.    Pop.  790. 

Pike,  p-t.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  153  n.  Harris- 
burg,  268  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  gravelly 
loam.  Drained  by  Wyalusing  cr.  and  its  tribu- 
taries. It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $10,200;  2  fulling 
m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  9  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac  $17,700.  11  sch.  185  scholars. 
Pop.  1,518. 

Pike,  t.,  Brown  co.,  O.  It  has  2  sch.  70  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  792. 

Pike  t.,  Perry  co.,  O.  It  has  6  stores,  cap. 
$6,550 ;  2  tanneries,  1  pottery,  2  flouring  m.,  1 
grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,617. 
7  sch.  225  scholars.    Pop.  1,663. 

Pike,  t.,  Clarke  co.,  O.  It  contains  North- 
ampton  v.,  and  has  1 1  sch.  596  schl's.    Pop.  1,436. 

Pike,  t.,  Coshocton  cp.,  O.  It  contains  West 
Carlisle  v.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,400  ;  1  tan- 
nery, 1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $700.    Pop.  1,115. 

Pike,  t.,  Knox  co.,  O.  It  contains  Amity  v. 
It  has  7  sch.  291  scholars.    Pop.  1,248. 

Pike,  t.,  Madison  co.,  O.    It  has  2  grist  m., 

2  saw  m.  -  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,750.    6  sch.  104 
scholars.    Pop.  529. 

Pike,  t.,  Stork  c6\,  O.  It  has  1  sch.  35  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,409. 

Pike  Run,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  18  s.  e. 
Washington  b.,  194  w.  Harrisburg,  210  W.  Wa- 
tered by  Pike  run,  and  Little  Pike  run,  which 
flow  into  Monongahela  r.  At  their  junction 
with  the  r.,  is  Greenfield  v.  The  national  road 
runs  on  its  e.  border,  on  which  are  Centreville 
and  Bealsville  villages.  It  has  6  stores,  cap. 
$3,500  ;  1  distillery,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$18,500.    2  sch.  58  scholars.    Pop.  2,187. 

Pike  Run,  p-o.,  Ross  co.,  O. 

Piketon,  p-v.,  capital  of  Pike  co.,  O.,  19  s. 
Chilicothe,  64  s.  Columbus,  393  W.  Situated 
on  the  E.  side  of  Scioto  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  6  stores,  1  tannery,  and  about  80 
dwellings.  r         _ 

Piketon,  p-v.,  capital  of  Pike  co.,  Ky.,  17d  e. 
s.  e.  Frankfort,  433  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  fork 
of  Sandy  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  20  dwell- 
ings, and  92  inhabitants. 

Piketon,  p-v.,  Marion  co.,  la.,  9  n.  w.  Indian- 
apolis, 580  W. 


PIN 


532 


PIN 


Pike  Township,  p-o.,  Pike  t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa., 
63  e.  Harrisburg,  161  W. 

Pikeville,  p-v.,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  8  n.  w. 
Baltimore,  33  n.  Annapolis,  48  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  Patapsco  r.  It  contains  a  United 
States  arsenal.     An  academy,  and  200  inhab. 

Pikeville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Marion  co.,  Ala., 
68  n.  n.  w.  Tuscaloosa,  839  W.  Situated  3  ms. 
E.  of  the  Buttahatchee  r.,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Pikeville,  p-v.,  capital  ofBledsoe  co.,  Tenn., 
112  e.  s.  e.  Nashville,  538  W.  Situated  on  ele- 
vated ground,  a  little  w.  of  Sequatchy  r.,  a  branch 
of  Tennessee  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  and 
about  150  inhabilants. 

Pilatka,  p-v.,  St.  Johns  co.,  Flor.  Situated 
on  the  w.  side  of  St.  Johns  r. 

Pilcher,  p-o.,  Belmont  co.,  O.,  126  e.  Colum- 
bus, 293  W. 

Piles  Grove,  t.,  Salem  co.,  N.  J.,  10  n.  e.  Sa- 
lem. The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  stiff  clay  and 
deep  loam,  and  well  cultivated.  Drained  by  Sa- 
lem cr.,  which  affords  water  power.  It  contains 
3  churches — 1  Friends,  1  Methodist,  1  African 
Methodist.  It  has  10  stores,  cap.  $19,600;  1 
woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $49,340.  8  sch.  312  scholars. 
Pop.  2,477. 

Pillar  Point,  p-o.,  Brownville  t.,  Jefferson 
co.,  N.  Y. 

Pilot  Grove,  p-o.,  Cooper  co.,  Mo.,  62  w.  by 
N.  Jefferson  City,  976  W. 

Pinckney,  t.,  Lewis  co.,  N.  Y.,  16  n.  w. 
Martinsburg,  156  N.  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is 
level ;  soil,  a  fertile  sandy  and  clay  loam.  Drain- 
ed by  Deer  r.  and  Sandy  cr.  It  has  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $200.  11  sch.  372  scholars. 
Pop.  907. 

Pinckney,  p-v.,  Rutherford  co.,  N.  C,  226  w. 
by  s.  Raleigh,  457  W. 

Pinckney,  p-v.,  Williamson  co.,  Tenn.,  28  s. 
Nashville,  705  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Harpeth  r.,  a  branch  of  Cumberland  r. 

Pinckney,  p-v.,  Warren  co.,  Mo.,  61  e.  n.  e. 
Jefferson  City,  835  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side 
of  Missouri  r.    Pop.  of  the  t.  424. 

Pinckney,  p-o.,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  54  w. 
by  n.  Detroit,  547  W. 

Pinckneyville,  p-v.,  Union  dist.,  S.  C,  79  n. 
w.  Columbus,  449  W.  Situated  on  the  vv.  side 
of  Broad  r. 

Pinckneyville,  p-v.,  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga.,  96  n. 
w.  Milledgeville,  667  W.  Situated  a  little  s.  E. 
of  Chattahooche  r. 

Pinckneyville,  p-v.,  Tallapoosa  co.,  Ala. 

Pinckneyville,  p-v.,  Wilkinson  co.,  Miss., 
150  s.  w.  Jackson,  1,160  W.  Situated  near  the 
s.  w.  border  of  the  state,  and  contains  2  stores, 
and  several  dwellings. 

Pinckneyville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Perry  co.,  111., 
134  s.  Springfield,  839  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Big  Beaucoup  creek,  at  the  head  of  Four 
Mile  prairie,  and  contains  5  stores  and  20  dwell- 
ings, and  62  inhabitants. 

Pindeutown,  p-v.,  Lee  co.,  Ga.,  118  s.  s.  w. 
Milledgeville,  775  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side 
of  Flint  r. 

Pine,  p-o.,  Vienna  t.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  117 
w.  n.  w.  Albany,  387  W. 

Pine,  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  11  n.  Pittsburg. 
The  surface  is  hilly;  soil,  loam.  Drained  by 
branches  of  Alleghany  r.  It  has  1  store,  capital 
$500.  2  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  5  grist  m.,  5  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,200.  9  sch.  342  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,770. 

Pine,  t.,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.  Bounded  w.  by 
Alleghany  r.,  by  branches  of  which  it  is  drained. 


It  has  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  4  grist 
m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,700. "  1  acad. 
26  students.     Pop.  1,227. 

Pine  Bluff,  p-o.,  Copiah  co.,  Miss.,  49  s.  s.  w. 
Jackson,  1,064  W. 

Pine  Bluff,  p-o.,  Pulaski  co.,  Mo.,  82  s.  Jef- 
ferson City,  973  W. 

Pine  Bluff,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jefferson  co., 
Ark.,  23  s.  s.  E.  Little  Rock,  1,113  W.  Situated 
on  the  s.  side  of  Arkansas  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  several  stores,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Pine  Brook,  p-v.,  Hanover  t.,  Morris  co.,  N. 
J.,  63  n.  Trenton,  234  W. 

Pine  Creek,  t.,  Clinton  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  flour- 
ing m.,  1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,000.  1 
acad.  25  students,  2  sch.  62  scholars.     Pop.  572. 

Pine,  cr.,  Pa.,  rises  in  Potter  co.,  and  flows  into 
the  w.  branch  of  Susquehanna  r.  It  is  naviga- 
ble to  the  line  of  Potter  co.,  60  ms.  A  vast  quan- 
tity of  lumber  passes  down  it  annually. 

Pine  Creek,  p-o.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  157  n.  by  w. 
Harrisburg,  271  W. 

Pine  Creek,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1 
grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,300. 
Pop.  628. 

Pine  Creek,  p-o.,  Lewis  co.,  Va.,  323  w.  n. 
w.  Richmond,  296  W. 

Pine  Grove,  p-o.,  Tyrone  t.,  Steuben  co.,  N. 
Y.,  193  w.  by  s.  Albany,  306  W. 

Pine  Grove,  t.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $7,000;  1  distillery,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,900.  2  sch.  32  scholars. 
Pop.  593. 

Pine  Grove,  p-t.,  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  43  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  153  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous. 
Watered  by  Swatara  creek,  along  which  runs  a 
navigable  feeder  of  the  Union  canal.  A  dam 
across  the  cr.,  in  a  gorge  of  Blue  mountain,  forms 
a  pond,  covering  7  or  800  acres,  and  which  sets 
up  6  ms.  Along  this  pond  is  a  tow-path,  and  4 
ms.  beyond  it,  a  canal  to  Pine  Grove  v. ;  and 
along  Swatara  cr.  a  railroad  extends  3i-  ms.  fur- 
ther into  the  coal  region.  The  v.,  situated  on 
Swatara  cr.,  has  several  streets,  6  stores,  and 
about  90  dwellings.  It  contains  a  spacious  basin 
for  canal-boats.  The  t.  has  6  stores,  cap.  $24,300 ; 
2  furnaces,  1  forge,  3  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $2,300.  1  sch.  25  scholars.  Pop. 
1,605. 

Pine  Grove,  p-o.,  Tyler  co.,  Va.,  328  n.  w. 
Richmond,  296  W. 

Pine  Grove,  p-o.,  Macon  co.,  Ala.,  143  s.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  804  W. 

Pine  Grove,  p-o.,  St.  Tammany  par.,  La.,  51 
N.  New  Orleans,  1,153  W. 

Pine  Grove,  p-o.,  Springfield  t.,  Gallia  co.,  O., 
97  s.  E.  Columbus,  369  W 

Pine  Grove  Mills,  p-o..  Centre  co.,  Pa., 
90  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  181,  W. 

Pine  Hill,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  R.  I.,  22 
Providence,  3S6  W. 

Pine  Hill,  p-o.,  Shandaken  t.,  Ulster  co.,  N. 
Y.,  75  s.  w.  Albany,  349  W. 

Pine  Hill,  v.,  Elba  t.,  Genesee  co.,  N.  Y.  It 
contains  3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist, 
and  1  Methodist — 3  stores,  1  tannery,  30  dwell- 
ings, and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Pine  Hill,  p-o.,  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  102  s.  Tus- 
caloosa, 894  W. 

Pine  Hill,  p-o.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich. 

Pine  Lake,  p-o.,  Talbot  co.,  Ga.,  130  w.  s.  w 
Milledgeville,  782  W. 

Pine  Level,  p-o.,  Fluvanna  co.,  Va. 

Pine  Level,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Ala.,  141 
s.  E.  Tuscaloosa,  852  W. 

Pine  Lick,  p-o.,  Clarke  co.,  la.,  94  s.  s.  B.  In- 
dianapolis, 594  W 


PIQ 


533 


PIT 


Pink  Log,  p-o.,  Cass  co.,  Ga.,  156  N.  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  647  VV. 

Pine  Orchard.    (See  Catfskill.) 

Pine  Plains,  p-t.,  Dutches!  co.,  N.  Y.,  25  n. 
e.  Poughkeepsie,  62  s.  Albany,  327  W.  The 
.surface  has  high  hills  on  the  W.  and  w.,  with  a 
fertile  intervening  plain  ;  soil,  sandy  and  gravelly 
loam.  It  has  several  ponds,  from  one  of  which 
flows  Wappinger's  creek.  Drained  also  by  Chi- 
eomico  creek,  a  tributary  of  Roeliff  Jansen's  cr. 
The  v.  contains  1  Presbyterian  church,  4  stores, 
40  dwellings,  and  about  250  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.  6  stores,  cap.  $18,100;  2  fulling  m., 
1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $28,900.  1  sch.  18  scholars. 
Pop.  1,334. 

Pink  Run,  p-o.,  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  72  n.  w. 
Detroit,  596  W. 

Pine's  Bridge,  p-o.,  Yorktown  t.,  Westchester 
co.,  N.  Y.,  123  s.  Albany,  265  W. 

Pine  Street,  p-o.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  159  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  242  W. 

Pineville,  p-o.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  220  w. 
by  s.  Albany,  305  W. 

Pineville,  p-v.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  7  e.  by  s. 
Doylestown,  108  e.  Harrisburg,  163  W.  It  con- 
tains about  6  dwellings. 

Pineville,  p-v.,  Charleston  dist.,  S.  C,  139  s. 
E.  Columbia,  518  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of 
the  Santee  r. 

Pineville,  p-v.,  Marion  co.,  Ga. 

Pineville,  p-v.,  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  110  s.  s. 
w.  Tuscaloosa,  922  W.  Situated  near  the  s.  line 
of  the  co.,  a  little  e.  of  Tombigbee  r. 

Pine  Woods,  p-o.,  Sevier  co.,  Ark.,  131  w.  s. 
w.  Little  Rock,  1,196  W. 

Piny,  p-o.,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  185  w.  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  274  W. 

Piny  Creek,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  Md. 

Piny  Grove,  p-o.,Williamsburg  dist.,  S.  C,  124 
E.  by  s.  Columbia,  484  W. 

Piny  River,  p-o.,  Dickson  co.,  Tenn.,  52  w. 
Nashville,  736  W. 

Pingreeville,  p-v.,  Littleton  t.,  Grafton  co., 
N.  H.,  89  n.  w.  Concord,  550  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  Connecticut  r. 

Pinksville,  p-v.,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  197  w. 
N.  w.  Harrisburg,  254  W. 

Pinkney,  t.,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.  It  has  4  sch. 
28  scholars.     Pop.  201. 

Pinkham's  Grant,  p-t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H.,  92  n. 
Concord,  578  W.  It  has  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $1,700.     1  sch.  12  scholars.    Pop.  3i). 

Pintlala,  r.,  Ala.,  rises  in  Montgomery  co., 
and  running  on  the  e.  border  of  the  co.,  enters 
Alabama  r.,  on  its  s.  side. 

Pintlala,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Ala.,  125  s. 
e.  Tuscaloosa,  852  W.  Situated  on  Pintlala  cr., 
on  the  w.  border  of  the  co. 

Pinus,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  111.,  90  s.  Springfield, 
843  W. 

Pioneer  Mills,  p-o.,  Cabarrus  co.,  N.  C,  155 
w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  392  W. 

Pipe  Creek,  p-o.,  Beaufort  dist.,  S.  C,  149  s. 
Columbia,  655  W. 

Pipe  Creek,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  la.,  41  n.  e. 
Indianapolis,  563  W. 

Piperville,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Wis. 

Piqua,  p-v.,  Miami  co.,  O.,  73  w.  Columbus, 
467  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  w.  side  of  Miami  r., 
on  the  line  of  the  3Iiami  canal.  Its  streets  are 
spacious  and  regularly  laid  out.  It  contains  5 
churches,  a  market,  16  stores,  4  saw  m.,  2  grist 
m.,  a  printing  office  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper, 
250  dwellings,  mostly  of  brick,  and  handsome. 
The  waste  water  of  the  canal  affords  water 
power.    It  has  5  sch.  169  scholars.    Pop.  1,481.   j 


Piquea,  p-v.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  54  s.  e.  Har- 
risburg, 129  W. 

Piscataqua,  r.,  N.  II.,  rises  in  Wakefield  t., 
and  running  §.  s.  K.  about  40  ms.  falls  into  the 
Atlantic  below  Portsmouth,  where  it  forms  one 
of  the  best  harbors  in  the  U.  States.  Through 
its  whole  course  it  constitutes  the  boundary  be- 
tween N.  H.  and  Me.  From  its  source  to  Ber- 
wick lower  falls  it  is  called  Salmon  Falls  r. ; 
thence  to  its  junction  with  Cocheco  r ,  Newieha- 
wannoc ;  and  thence  to  the  ocean,  Piscataqua. 
Through  Great  Bay,  which  enters  it  on  the  s.,  it 
receives  Lamprey,  Exeter,  and  several  other 
streams  from  the  s.  and  w.  It  is  navigable,  with 
its  tributaries,  for  sloops  to  South  Berwick,  Do- 
ver, New  Market,  Durham,  and  Exeter.  Great 
Bay  unites  with  the  Piscataqua  at  Hilton's  point, 
5  ms.  above  Portsmouth,  and  is,  in  some  places, 
4  miles  wide.  The  tide  flows  up  the  r.  at  Ports- 
mouth with  a  strong  current,  which  prevents  the 
harbor  from  being  much  obstructed  by  ice. 

Piscataquis,  r.,  Me.,  a  large  western  branch 
of  Penobscot  r.,  which  rises  in  the  elevated  land 
between  Penobscot  and  Kennebec  rivers,  and 
flowing  e.  about  65  ms.,  enters  the  Penobscot  25 
ms.  below  the  junction  of  Mattawamkeag  r. 

Piscataquis,  county,  Me.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  extending  to  the  Canada  line, 
contains  a  great  amount  of  territory,  most  of 
which  is  a  wilderness,  the  s.  part  only  being 
settled.  It  contains  a  great  number  of  lakes,  the 
principal  of  which  are  Moose  Head,  on  its  w.  bor- 
der, Chesuncook,  and  Pemadumcook.  Drained 
by  the  Penobscot,  Piscataquis,  Sebec,  and  Pleas- 
ant rivers,  which  afford  extensive  water  power. 
It  contains  Katahdin  mountain,  and  some  other 
less  elevated  summits.  Organized  in  1833.  It 
has  much  good  land  in  the  neighborhood  of  Pis- 
cataquis r.  Capital,  Dover.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  8,642,  sheep  17,830,  swine  4,720; 
wheat  59,298  bush,  produced,  rye  2,769,  Ind. 
corn  12,583,  buckwheat  987,  barley  4,229,  oats 
57,675,  potatoes  445,576,  sugar  8,454  pounds  ;  10 
stores,  cap.  $15,400  ;  3  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
9  tanneries,  3  flouring  m.,  19  grist  m.,  31  saw  m., 
1  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $34,450.  1  acad.  100  students, 
143  sch.  5,578  scholars.    Pop.  13,138. 

Piscataquog,  r.,  N.  H.,  a  branch  of  the  Mer- 
rimac  r.,  which  it  enters  at  a  v.  of  its  own  name, 
on  its  w.  side. 

Piscataway,  t.,  Middlesex  co.,  N.  J.,  5  n.  New 
Brunswick.  Watered  by  Amherst  and  Cedar 
brooks,  tributaries  of  Green  brook.  The  surface 
is  level ;  soil,  loam,  clay,  and  red  shale,  and  gen- 
erally well  cultivated.  It  contains  several  vs. 
The  v.  of  the  same  name  contains  an  Episcopal 
church,  1  store,  and  about  12  dwellings.  There 
are  in  the  t.  7  stores,  cap.  $12,209 ;  2  tanneries,  5 
grist  m.,  3  saw  in.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $30,850.  8 
sch.  222  scholars.    Pop.  2,828. 

Piscataway,  p-v.,  Prince  George's  co.,  Md., 
56  s.  w.  Annapolis,  16  W.  Situated  on  Piscata 
way  r.,  a  branch  of  Potomac  r. 

Piseco,  lake,  Arietta  t.,  Hamilton  co.,  N.  Y , 
is  6  ms.  long  and  2  wide,  abounding  with  excel- 
lent trout.  Its  outlet  forms  the  w.  branch  of 
Sacondaga  r.,  a  tributary  of  Hudson  r. 

Piseco,  p-v.,  Arietta  t.,  Hamilton  co.,  N.  Y. 
Situated  at  the  N.  end  of  Piseco  lake.  It  con- 
tains 2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  machine 
shop,  15  dwellings,  and  about  100  inhabitants. 

Pisgaii,  p-o.,  Cole  co.,  Mo.,  33  w.  n.  w.  Jeffer- 
son City,  969  W. 

Pistol  Creek,  p-o.,  Wilkes  co.,  Ga.,  94  n.  e. 
Milledgeville,  566  W. 

Pitcairn,  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  Ps.  Y.,  30  s. 


PIT 


534 


PIT 


Canton,  171  N.  N.  vv.  Albany,  470  VV.  The  sur- 
face is  gently  uneven  ;  soil,  clay  loam,  well 
adapted  to  grass.  Drained  by  the  s.  vv.  branch 
of  Oswegatchie  r.  It  has  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $500.    2  sch.  42  scholars.     Pop.  3:»6. 

Pitcher,  p-t.,  Chenango  co.,  N.  Y.,  16  w. 
Norwich,  127  w.  s.  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is 
hilly;  soil,  argillaceous  loam.  Drained  by  Os 
telic  r.  and  its  tributaries.  The  v.  is  situated  on 
Ostelic  cr.,  and  contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1 
Baptist  church,  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1 
tannery,  1  clothier's  works,  40  dwellings,  and 
about  200  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  3 
stores,  cap.  $7,000  ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
2  tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. 88,300.  1  acad.  26  students,  16  sch.  571 
scholars.     Pop.  1,562. 

Pitcher  Springs,  p-v.,  Pitcher  t.,  Chenango 
co.,  N.  Y.,  126  vv.  Albany,  332  W.  It  contains 
a  store,  an  academy,  about  30  dwellings,  and  2 
or  3  sulphur  springs  of  some  celebrity. 

Pitch  Landing,  p-v.,  Hertford  co.,  N.  C,  165 
E.  n.  E.  Raleigh,  237  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Piney  cr.,  a  branch  of  Wickocon  cr., 
which  flows  into  Chowan  r. 

Pitt,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  toward  the  E. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  800  sq.  ms.  Neuse 
r.  runs  on  its  s.  e.  border.  Drained  by  Tar  r. 
Capital,  Greenville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  5,984,  sheep  4,369,  swine  31,037;  wheat 
9,751  bush,  produced,  rye  2,570,  Ind.  corn  376,455, 
oats  6,424,  potatoes  73,316,  cotton  510,259  pounds, 
15  commission  houses  and  9  stores,  cap.  $66,080  ; 
14  distilleries,  1  flouring  m.,  6  grist  m.,  5  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,500.  1  acad.  30  students,  4 
sch.  63  scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,123,  slaves  5,648, 
free  col'd30;  total,  11,806. 

Pitt,  t.t  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.  Alleghany  r. 
bounds  it  on  the  n.,  and  Monongahela  r.  on  the 
s.  and  w.  The  city  of  Pittsburg  lies  on  its  n.  w. 
boundary.  It  contains  the  villages  of  East  Liber- 
ty and  Lawrenceville.  The  surface  is  hilly ; 
soil,  loam.  Coal  is  abundant.  It  has  17  stores, 
cap.  $12,200 ;  1  furnace,  1  forge,  5  tanneries,  4 
glass  houses,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$273,195.  1  acad.  20  students,  10  sch.  961  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  6,002. 

Pitt,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  O.  It  contains  Little 
Sandusky  v.  It  has  3  sch.  124  scholars.  Pop. 
424. 

Pittmans,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Ga.,  62  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  684  W. 

Pittsborough,  p-v.,  capital  of  Chatham  co., 
N.  C.,  34  w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  322  W.  Situated  on 
Robinson's  cr.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  1 
Episcopal  and  1  Methodist  church,  an  academy, 
and  about  300  inhabitants. 

Pittsburg,  t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H.  Situated  in 
the  n.  e.  extremity  of  the  state.  It  contains  Con- 
necticut lake,  and  several  head  branches  of  Con- 
necticut r. 

Pittsburgh,  city,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of 
Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  is  situated  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Alleghany  and  Monongahela  rivers,  where 
they  form  the  Ohio,  which  is  here  a  quarter  of  a 
mile  wide.  It  is  in  40°  32'  n.  lat.,  and  80°  2'  w. 
Ion.,  230  w.  n.  w.  Baltimore,  297  w.  by  n.  Phila- 
delphia, 200  w.  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  226  W.  Pop. 
1810,  4,768;  1820,  7,248;  1830,  12,542;  1840, 
21,115,  being  the  second  city  in  population  in  the 
state,  and  the  13th  in  the  United  States.  It  is 
built  on  a  beautiful  plain  between  the  two  rivers, 
in  the  form  of  a  triangle.  About  a  mile  back  of 
the  point  it  is  encompassed  by  Grant's,  Ayers's, 
and  Quarry  hills.  It  is  compactly  built,  with 
some  handsome  buildings,  generally  of  brick 
but  a  dingy  appearance  is  given  to  them  by  the 


dust  of  the  bituminous  coal,  so  extensively  used 
in  manufactures  and  otherwise.  The  city  was 
first  laid  out  in  1765,  on  the  n.  e.  bank  of  the 
Monongahela,  after  the  plan  of  Philadelphia, 
with  streets  running  parallel  with  the  river,  and 
crossed  by  others  at  right  angles.  The  streets 
on  the  Alleghany  also  run  parallel  with  the  river, 
and  are  crossed  by  streets  at  right  angles  ;  and 
the  cross  streets  meet  each  other  obliquely,  a  few 
streets  back  from  the  r.  A  bridge  crosses  the 
Alleghany,  and  another  the  Monongahela  r.,  the 
former  of  which  cost  $96,000,  and  the  latter 
$102,000.  The  Pennsylvania  canal  crosses  the 
Alleghany  r.  in  an  aqueduct,  and  several  ferries 
cross  the  Monongahela.  The  harbor  of  Pitts- 
burgh is  chiefly  on  the  Monongahela,  where  the 
water  is  deeper  than  in  the  Alleghany.  There 
are  89  steamboats,  averaging  over  125  tons  burden, 
owned  wholly  or  in  part  in  the  district  of  Pitts- 
burgh. The  hills  with  which  Pittsburgh  is  sur- 
rounded are  filled  with  bituminous  coal,  which  is 
inexhaustible,  and  affords  great  aid  to  its  manu- 
factures. There  are  35  churches — 5  Presbyterian, 
1  Reformed  do.,  4  Methodist,  1  Protestant  do.,  1 
Cumberland  Presbyterian,  3  Baptist,  2  Episcopal, 
5  Scots  Presbyterian,  2  Lutheran,  2  Congrega- 
tional, 3  Welsh  Methodist,  1  Unitarian,  1  Disci- 
ples, 3  Roman  Catholic,  and  1  African.  There 
are  four  banks,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of 
$3,000,000,  besides  a  bank  for  savings,  and  2  in- 
surance offices,  with  a  total  capital  of  $500,000. 

Among  the  public  buildings  of  Pittsburgh, 
the  new  Court  House,  situated  on  Grant's  hill, 
is  a  splendid  edifice,  165  feet  long  and  100  feet 
broad,  of  Grecian  Doric  architecture,  in  a  very 
commanding  situation,  and  cost  $200,000.  The 
building  of  the  Western  University  of  Pennsylva- 
nia is  also  near  Grant's  hill,  on  the  Monongahela 
side  of  .the  city.  There  is  a  spacious  Roman 
Catholic  cathedral  on  Grant's  hill.  There  are  a 
museum,  which  contains  many  aboriginal  curios- 
ities, and  several  splendid  hotels.  There  are 
several  literary  societies,  with  small  libraries, 
which  would  probably  be  more  efficient,  if  united 
in  one  large  institution.  There  are  three  market 
houses.  The  city  is  supplied  with  water  raised 
from  the  Alleghany  r.,  a  very  pure  stream,  by 
steam  power,  which  supplies  1,500,000  gallons 
daily,  and  is  sent  over  the  city  in  pipes,  in  the 
whole  9£  miles  in  length,  and  is  to  be  further  ex- 
tended, and  which  cost  $183,056.  Pittsburgh  is 
alike  distinguished  for  its  commerce  and  manu- 
factures. Tonnage  in  1840,  12,000.  It  had  in 
1840,  7  commercial  and  32  commission  houses, 
with  a  cap.  of  $1,241,110;  408  retail  stores,  cap 
$4,165,190;  17  lumber  yards,  cap.  $167,000;  25 
furnaces,  5  forges,  cap.  $1,219,000,  value  of  ma- 
chinery manufactured  $443,500;  hardware  and 
cutlery,  &c,  $276,500 ;  5  cannon  and  1,350  small- 
arms  manufactured  ;  precious  metals,  $14,860 ; 
various  metals,  $196,700;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  cap.  $10,000 ;  2  cotton  fac.  with  3,000  sp.,  4 
tanneries,  5  breweries ;  paints  and  drugs,  cap. 
$203,300 ;  4  glass  fac,  2  glass  cutting  estab.,  2 
flouring  m.,  5  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  18  printing  offices, 
7  binderies,  4  daily,  11  weekly  newspapers;  53 
brick  and  stone  houses,  and  15  wooden  houses 
built,  cost  $161,200.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,057,952. 
1  college,  50  students,  9  acad.  755  students,  18 
sch.  2,581  scholars. 

There  are  several  places  in  the  vicinity  of 
Pittsburgh,  which,  though  under  different  organ- 
ization, should  be  regarded  as  suburbs  of  it,  the 
principal  of  which  is  Alleghany  City,  on  the 
N.  w.  side  of  the  Alleghany  r.  Here  are  15 
churches — 2  Presbyterian,  2  Reformed  do.,  2 
Cumberland  do.,  2  Methodist,  1  Protestant  do.,  1 


PIT 


M7, 


PIT 


Baptist,  1  Episcopal,  2  Scots  Presbyterian,  1 
German  Reformed,  1  Disciples.  The  Western 
Penitentiary  of  Pennsylvania  is  located  at  this 
place,  and  has  been  erected  at  great  expense. 
The  Western  Theological  Seminary  is  also  es- 
tablished here.  It  occupies  a  commanding  emi- 
nence, which  overlooks  the  surrounding  country. 
The  building  is  150  feet  long,  the  centre  4  stories, 
and  the  wings  3  stories  high,  and  it  has  a  respec- 
table library.  Alleghany  city  presents  many  a- 
greeable  residences,  where  persons  who  do  busi- 
ness in  Pittsburgh  are  pleased  to  retire  from  the 
bustle  and  smoke  and  coal  dust  of  the  principal 
city.  It  has  considerable  commercial  and  manu- 
facturing business  of  its  own.  There  were  in  1840, 
58  stores,  cap.  $33,400;  9  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$50,000;  1  furnace,  1  forge,  cap.  $218,000;  value 
of  hardware  and  cullery  produced,  $50,000  ;  3  cot- 
ton fac.  14,270  sp.,  2  tanneries,  1  brewery,  1  rope- 
walk.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $726,640.  1  theological 
college,  31  students,  3  academies,  169  students, 
12  sell.  709  scholars.     Pop.  10,089. 

Birmingham  borough,  (po.  called  Buchan- 
an,) is  another  important  suburb  of  Pittsburgh. 
It  is  on  s.  side  of  the  Monongahela,  about  a  mde 
distant  from  the  centre  of  Pittsburgh,  and  has  a 
considerable  population,  and  important  manufac- 
tures of  glass,  iron,  &c.  It  has  a  Presbyterian 
and  a  Methodist  church,  and  a  market  house.  It 
is  connected  to  Pittsburgh  by  a  bridge  and  a  fer- 
ry. There  were  in  1840, 10  stores,  cap.  $14,500 ; 
2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $9,300  ;  I  forge,  b  glass  fac, 
4  glass  cutting  estab.,  cap.  $140,000  ;  1  pottery. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $155,750.  4  sch.  115  scholars. 
Pop.  1,554. 

The  French  formerly  had  a  trading  post  where 
Pittsburgh  stands,  denominated  Fort  Du  Quesne. 
In  an  attempt  to  capture  this  fortress,  Gen.  Brad- 
dock  was  defeated  and  slain,  on  the  E.  bank  of 
the  Monongahela,  9  miles  from  Pittsburgh,  and 
the  youthful  Washington  displayed  his  bravery 
and  skill,  in  conducting  back  the  remains  of  the 
shattered  army.  This  place  came  into  posses- 
sion of  the  British  in  1758,  by  capture  from  the 
French ;  and  by  a  fortification  of  some  strength, 
the  possession  was  maintained  against  a  power- 
ful attack  by  the  Indians.  The  magazine  of  the 
fore  built  in  1764,  remained  entire  until  very  re- 
cently. It  was  not  until  some  time  after  the 
close  of  the  revolutionary  war  that  Pittsburgh 
began  much  to  excite  the  attention  of  emigrants, 
and  to  commence  its  onward  march  toward  its 
present  distinguished  prosperity. 

Pittsburg,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  la.,  68  N.  N.  w. 
Indianapolis,  626  W. 

Pittsburg,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  Ga.,  75  w.  N.  w. 
Milledgeville,  679  W. 

Pittsburg,  p-v.,  Johnson  co.,  Ark.,  91  n.  w. 
Little  Rock,  756  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  bank  of 
Arkansas  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  2  stores, 
and  15  or  20  houses. 

Pittsfield,  p-t.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  43  n.  Au- 
gusta, 638  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to 
grain.  Watered  by  a  branch  of  Sebasticook  r, 
Incorporated  in  1819.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $400  . 
1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,500, 
10  sch.  393  scholars.     Pop.  951. 

Pittsfield,  p-t.,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  70  s.  s.  w. 
Montpelier,  464  W.  The  surface  is  mountain- 
ous and  rough ;  soil,  adapted  to  grazing.  Water- 
ed by  Tweed  r.,  which  flows  into  White  river. 
Chartered  in  1781.  It  contains  a  Congregational 
and  a  Methodist  church.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$4,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $3,210.  5  sch.  216  scholars.  Pop. 
615. 
PiTTSFiELD,*p-t^  Merrimac  co.,  N.  H  ,  15  x. 


e.  (  oncord,  4U6  W.  The  surface  is  various ; 
soil,  fertile.  Catamount  mountain  is  in  its  s.  E. 
part,  on  which  is  a  considerable  pond.  Watered 
by  Suneook  r.,  which  affords  water  power.  The 
v.  contains  an  academy,  and  a  number  of  neat 
dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  5  stores,  cap. 
$15,80;);  1  cotton  fac.  4,0%  sp.,  3  tanneries,  1 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $208,185. 
2  acad.  163  students,  11  sch.  461  scholars.  Pop. 
1,719. 

Pittsfield,  p-t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  131  w. 
Boston,  376  W.  The  surface  is  moderately  un- 
even ;  soil,  a  fertile  loam.  Drained  by  branches 
of  Housatonic  r.,  which  afford  good  water  pow- 
er. The  railroad  from  Boston  to  Albany  passes 
through  it.  Agriculture  has  been  greatly  im- 
proved here.  The  v.  near  the  centre  is  one  of 
the  largest  and  best  built  in  the  co.  The  houses 
are  generally  of  wood,  neatly  painted  white,  and 
ornamented  with  shrubbery.  It  lies  chiefly  on 
two  streets  crossing  each  other  at  right  angles, 
and  has  a  central  square  of  4  acres,  ornamented 
by  a  lofty  elm  tree  in  the  middle,  the  remains  of 
the  original  forest.  It  contains  4  churches — 1 
Congregational,  1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  and  1 
Methodist — a  bank,  a  printing  office,  a  male  and  a 
female  academy,  350  dwellings,  and  2,500  in- 
habitants. The  Berkshire  Medical  Institution, 
located  here,  was  founded  in  1823,  has  5  profes- 
sors, 74  students,  473  graduates  ;  and  the  lectures 
commence  on  the  first  Thursday  in  September. 
It  is  connected  with  Williams'  College,  at  Wil- 
liamstown.  There  are  in  the  t.  1  cotton  fac. 
1,500  sp.,  3  tanneries,  1  brewery,  1  printing  office, 

1  weekly  newspaper,  2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $111,200.  1  acad.  63  students,  15 
sch.  696  scholars.    Pop.  3,747. 

Pittsfield,  p-t.,  Otsego  co.,  N.  Y.,  18  w. 
Cooperstown,  95  w.  Albany,  352  W.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly,  with  fertile  valleys  ;  soil,  sandy 
loam.  Drained  by  Unadilla  r.  and  its  tributaries 
It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $2,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  cotton 
fac.  3,500  sp.,  1  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $53,256.    5  sch.  160  scholars.    Pop.  1,395l 

Pittsfield,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  Pa. 

Pittsfield,  p-t.,  Lorain  co.,  O.,  106  n.  n.  e. 
Columbus,  375  W.  It  has  4  sch.  84  scholars. 
Pop.  704. 

Pittsfield,  p-t.,  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  35> 
w.  Detroit,  522  W.    Pop.  1,151. 

Pittsfield,  p-v.,  capital  of  Pike  co.,  111.,  70 
w.  s.  w.  Springfield,  850  W.  Situated  on  ele- 
vated ground,  midway  between  the  Illinois  and 
Mississippi  rivers.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
5  stores,  various  mechanic  shops,  and  about  200 
inhabitants. 

Pittsford,  p-t.,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  70  s.  w. 
Montpelier,  464  W.  The  surface  is  moderately 
uneven ;  soil,  loam  with  some  sand  and  clay, 
and  fertile,  particularly  on  the  streams.  Drained 
by  Otter  cr.  and  Furnace  r.,  with  its  branches,  a 
tributary  of  Otter  cr.,  which  afford  water  power. 
Iron  ore,  a  coarse-grained  and  slightly  flexible 
marble,  and  oxide  of  manganese,  are  found  here. 
The  v.,  near  the  centre,  contains  2  churches, 
several  stores,  and  about  40  dwellings.  The  t. 
contains  3  churches — 1  Congregational,  1  Baptist, 
and  1  Methodist.    It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $12,000 ; 

2  furnaces,  2  tanneries.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,200. 
18  sch.  650  scholars.     Pop.  1,927. 

Pittsford,  p-t.,  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y.,  6  e.  Roch- 
ester, 213  w.  by  n.  Albany,  362  W.  The  surface 
is  undulating;  soil,  calcareous  and  argillaceous 
loam.  Drained  by  Irondiquoit  cr.  and  its  tribu- 
taries. The  v.  is  situated  on  the  Erie  canal,  and 
the  Auburn  and  Rochester  railroad  passes  through 
it.    It  contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist 


PLA 


536 


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church,  4  -stores,  2  forwarding  houses,  100  dwell- 
ings, and  about  700  inhabitants.  The  t.  had  in 
1840,  3  stores,  cap.  $33,001);  1  tannery,  1  brew- 
ery, 1  flouring  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,400.  13 
sch!  593  scholars.     Fop.  1,933. 

Pittsford,  p-t.,  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  89  w.  s. 
w.  Detroit,  521  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted 
to  grain.  It  contains  1  store,  cap.  $1,800.  Pop. 
641. 

Pittsgrove,  p-t.,  Salem  co.,  N.  J.,  16  e.  Salem. 
The  surface  is  partly  undulating  and  partly  level ; 
soil,  chiefly  sandy  or  gravelly  loam.  Drained 
by  branches  of  Maurice  run,  and  by  head  wa- 
ters of  Salem  and  Oldman's  creeks.  It  has  sev- 
eral villages,  and  contains  1  Presbyterian,  1  Bap- 
tist, and  1  Methodist  church.  There  are  in  the  t. 
6  stores,  cap.  $9,820 ;  1  woollen  fac,  5  grist  m , 
3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,955.  7  sch.  270 
scholars.     Pop.  2,390. 

Pitt's  Mills,  p-o.,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  74  w. 
by  N.  Harrisburg,  165  W. 

Pittston,  p-t.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  7  s.  by  e. 
Augusta,  595  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Ken- 
nebec r.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain. 
Drained  by  small  tributaries  of  Kennebec  r., 
which  afford  water  power.  Incorporated  in 
1779.  Lumber  is  exported  to  a  considerable  ex- 
tent. It  has  9  stores,  cap.  18,000 ;  3  grist  m.,  11 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $75,840.  16  sch.  696 
scholars.    Pop.  2,460. 

Pittston  Ferry,  p-o.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  136 
N.  e.  Harrisburg,  240  W. 

Pittstown,  p-t.,  Rensselaer  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  n. 
E.  Troy,  25  n.  e.  Albany,  393  W.  The  surface 
is  uneven  ;  soil,  clay,  gravel  and  loam.  Drained 
by  Tomhannock  cr.  and  Hoosic  r.,  which  bounds 
it  on  the  n.  The  v.  contains  a  Baptist  church,  2 
stores,  and  about  20  dwellings.  It  has  10  stores, 
cap.  $24,800  ;  3  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  3  cot- 
ton fac.  2,290  sp.,  2  tanneries,  1  flouring  m.,  5 
grist  m.,  13  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$127,600 ;  20  sch.  857  scholars.     Pop.  3,784. 

Pittstown,  p-v.,  Alexanders,  Hunterdon  co., 
N.  J.,  33  n.  n.  w.  Trenton,  193  W.  Situated  on 
a  tributary  of  the  s.  branch  of  Raritan  r.  It  con- 
tains a  store,  a  grist  m.,  and  about  20  dwellings. 

Pittsylvania,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the 
s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  891  sq.  ms. 
Staunton  r.  runs  on  its  n.  border,  by  branches  of 
which,  and  by  Dan  r.,  and  Banister  r.,  it  is  wa- 
tered. The  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Capital, 
Competition.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
19,451,  sheep  19,277,  swine  42,513 ;  wheat  142,178 
bush,  produced,  rye  5,747,  Ind.  corn  679,319,  oats 
333,763,  potatoes  24,499,  tobacco  6,438,777  pounds, 
cotton  18,499 ;  25  stores,  cap.  $200,300 ;  13  tan- 
neries, 4  distilleries,  4  flouring  m.,  50  grist  m.,  37 
saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $221,690.  4  acad.  195  students, 
38  sch.  817  scholars.  Pop.  whites  14,283,  slaves 
11,558,  free  col'd  557;  total,  26,398. 

Pittsylvania,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Pittsyl- 
vania co.,  Va.,  162  w.  s.  w.  Richmond,  245  W. 
This  place  is  called  also  Competition,  and  is  sit- 
uated on  a  branch  of  Banister  r.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  1  Methodist,  church,  3  stores, 
125  dwellings,  and  about  250  inhabitants. 

Plain,  t.,  Stark  co.,  O.  It  has  800  scholars  in 
schools.    Pop.  1,833. 

Plain,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  O.,  92  n.  e.  Columbus, 
349  W.    It  contains  several  villages.    Pop.  2,134. 
Plain,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  O.    Situated  in  the  n. 
e.  corner  of  the  co.,  and  has  a  level  surface.    It 
has  2  sch.  75  scholars.     Pop.  1,264. 
Plain,  t.,  St.  Francis  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  192. 
Plain,  p-o ,  Greenville  dist.,  S.  C,  95  w.  N.  w. 
Columbia,  514  W. 


Plainfield,  p-t.,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  H.,  62  n. 
w.  Concord,  478  W.  Connecticut  r.  bounds  it  on 
the  w.,  along  which  are  excellent  tracts  of  inter- 
vale. Queechee  falls,  in  Connecticut  r.,  are  op- 
posite this  t.,  and  a  bridge  crosses  the  r.  Hart's 
Island,  in  Connecticut  r.,  containing  19  acres,  is 
in  this  t.  It  contains  "  Union  Academy,"  found- 
ed in  1813,  by  the  bequest  of  $40,000,  which  is 
designed  to  aid  young  men  in  a  preparation  for 
the  gospel  ministry,  and  is  flourishing.  There 
are  in  the  t.  3  stores,  cap.  $9,000 ;  2  tanneries,  2 
grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  1  acad.  175  students,  11  sch. 
613  scholars.     Pop.  1,552. 

Plainfield,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  9  e.  by 
s.  Montpelier,  525  W.  The  surface  is  uneven ; 
soil,  generally  fertile.  Watered  by  Onion  r.  and 
its  branch,  Great  Brook,  which  afford  water 
power.  The  v.,  at  the  junction  of  these  streams, 
contains  1  Congregational  and  1  Methodist  church. 
It.  contains  a  mineral  spring  of  some  note.  There 
are  in  the  t.  2  stores,  cap.  $5,200 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1 
tannery,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$3,450.    4  sch.  133  scholars.    Pop.  830. 

Plainfield,  p-t.,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  115 
w.  Boston,  402  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous 
and  rough  ;  soil,  fertile,  adapted  to  grazing.  Wa- 
tered by  the  head  branches  of  Westfield  r.,  which 
afford  water  power.  North  pond,  a  mile  long 
and  half  a  mile  wide,  in  its  N.  part,  has  its  outlet 
into  Deerfleld  r.  The  v.,  at  the  centre,  contains 
a  Congregational  church.  There  are  in  the  t.  3 
stores,  cap.  $5,500 ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac, 

1  cotton  fac,  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  7  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,650.  1  acad.,  6  sch.  311 
scholars.     Pop.  910. 

Plainfield,  p-t.,  Windham  co.,  Ct.,  45  e. 
Hartford,  372  W.  Bounded  on  the  w.  by  Quin- 
nebaug  r.  Drained  by  Moosup  r.,  which  affords 
good  water  power.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil, 
a  sandy  loam.  It  contains  4  churches — 1  Con- 
gregational, 2  Baptist,  and  1  Friends.  The  v., 
at  the  centre,  is  on  elevated  ground,  mostly  on 
one  extended  street,  and  contains  a  Congrega- 
tional church,  and  an  old  and  flourishing  acade- 
my, founded  in  1783,  and  a  number  of  neat  dwell- 
ings. The  Norwich  and  Worcester  railroad  passes 
through  the  t.,  a  little  w.  of  the  v.  There  are  in 
the  t.  6  stores,  cap.  $19,600 ;  2  woollen  fac,  7 
cotton  fac.  15,900  sp.,  1  tannery,  4  grist  m.,  5  saw 
m.,  9  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $364,000.  12  sch. 
692  scholars.     Pop.  2,383. 

Plainfield,  p-t.,  Otsego  co.,  N.  Y.,  15  n.  w. 
Cooperstown,  84  w.  Albany,  373  W.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating;  soil,  sandy  and  calcareous 
loam,  and  very  fertile.  Drained  by  Unadilla  r. 
and  its  tributaries.     It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $7,000 ; 

2  fulling  m.,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $15,890.     12  sch.  491  scholars.     Pop.  1,450. 

Plainfield,  p-v.,  Westfield  t.,  Essex  co.,  N. 
J.,  39  n.  e.  Trenton,  206  W.  Situated  on  Green 
brook,  and  contains  5  churches — 1  Presbyterian, 
I  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  2  Friends,  (1  Ortho- 
dox and  1  Hicksite,) — 1  stores,  several  mills  and 
manufactories,  an  insurance  company,  a  ladies' 
library,  an  apprentices'  library,  and  about  150 
dwellings. 

Plainfield,  t.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa.  Blue 
mountain  crosses  its  n.  part,  otherwise  it  is  level ; 
soil,  gravel.  Drained  by  the  E.  branch  of  Bush- 
kill  cr.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $13,300;  2  tanner- 
ies, 3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $5,500.     Pop.  1,501. 

Plainfield,  p-v.,  Linton  t.,  Coshocton  co.,  O., 
81  n.  E.  Columbus,  329  W.  Situated  on  Wills 
cr.,  and  contains  1  store,  and  about  100  inhabit- 
ants. 

Plainfield,  t,  Allegan  co.,  ilich,    It  has  1 


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537 


PLE 


furnace,  2  saw  rn.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,500.     3 
sell.  95  scholars.     Pop.  397. 

Plainfield,  p-o.,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  71  w. 
N.  w.  Detroit,  557  W. 

Plainfield,  p-t.,  Hendricks  co.,  la.,  15  w.  s. 
w.  Indianapolis,  586  W. 

Plainfield,  p-v.,  Will  co.,  111.,  173  n.  e. 
Springfield,  750  W.  It  has  1  Baptist  and  1 
Methodist  church,  2  stores,  cap.  $1,000;  1  flour- 
ing m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,800.  4 
sell.  160  scholars.     Pop.  525. 

Plains  of  Dura,  p-o.,  Sumpter  co.,  Ga.,  113 
s.  w.  Milledgeville,  769  W. 

Plainville,  p-o.,  Farmington  t.,  Hartford  co., 
Ct..  13  w.  by  s.  Hartford,  326  W. 

Plainville,  p-v.,  Lysander  t.,  Onondaga  co., 
N.  Y.,  155  w.  by  n.  Albany,  360  W.  It  contains 
1  church,  1  store,  and  about  30  dwellings. 

Plainville,  p-o.,  Exeter  t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa., 
119  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  227  W. 

Plainville,  p-o.,  Hamilton  co.,  O.,  117  w.  s. 
w.  Columbus,  489  W. 

Plainville,  p-o.,  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  145  w. 
by  n.  Detroit,  610  W. 

Plaisance,  p-o.,  Rapides  par.,  La.,  329  n.  w. 
New  Orleans,  1,248  W. 

Plaistovv,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.,  37  s. 
E.  Concord,  465  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  being  a 
dark  loam  mixed  with  clay  and  gravel.  Charter- 
ed in  1749.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,000 ;  3  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,000.  1  acad. 
24  students,  4  sch.  185  scholars.     Pop.  626. 

Planters,  t.,  Phillips  co.,  Ark.  It  has  2  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.     1  sch.  27  scholars.     Pop.  375. 

Planters,  p-o.,  Jasper  co.,  Ga.,  42  w.  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  649  W. 

Planters,  p-o.,  Attala  co.,  Miss.,  80  n.  e.  Jack- 
son, 975  W. 

Planter's  Hall,  p-o.,  Breckenridge  co.,  Ky., 
122  w.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  664  W. 

Plantersville,  p-v.,  Perry  co.,  Ala.,  77  s.  by 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  824  W. 

Plaquemine,  bayou,  an  outlet  of  the  Missis- 
sippi r.,  8  ms.  below  the  mouth  of  the  Ibervil  le, 
117  ms.  above  New  Orleans,  96  below  the  efflux 
of  Atchafalaya  outlet,  into  which  it  at  length  en- 
ters. The  waters  of  the  Mississippi  only  flow 
into  it  when  that  river  approaches  its  extreme 
height.  In  time  of  high  water  it  is  navigable  for 
vessels  and  steamboats. 

Plaquemine,  parish,  La.  Situated  in  the  s.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  includes  the  mouths  of  the 
Mississippi  proper.  It  contains  about  2,500  sq. 
ms.  The  surface  is  low,  and  its  s.  part  not  being 
elevated  more  than  10  feet  in  its  highest  parts 
above  the  level  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  is  there- 
fore liable  to  submersion.  The  arable  soil,  which 
is  extremely  productive,  is  confined  wholly  to 
the  margin  of  the  r.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  4,124,  sheep  1,832,  swine  824;  Ind.  com 
100,185  bush,  produced,  rice  985,800  pounds, 
sugar  10,329,000;  15  stores,  cap.  $15,550;  1  dis- 
tillery, 1  brewery.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,000. 
1  college,  38  students.  Pop.  whites  1,551,  slaves 
3,385,  free  col'd  324 ;  total  5,060. 

Plaquemine,  p-v.,  capital  of  Iberville  par.,  La., 
112  w.  N.  w.  New  Orleans,  1,192  W.  Situated 
on  the  Mississippi  r.,  on  the  s.  side  of  Plaquemine 
bayou,  at  its  efflux  from  the  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  15  stores,  and  about  250  inhabitants. 

Plateau,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  504. 
Plato,  p-o.,  Amherst  t.,  Lorain  co.,  O.,  123  n. 
n.  E.  Columbus,  331  W. 

Platte,  r.,  Indian  ter.,  one  of  the  large  tribu- 
taries of  the  Missouri,  rises  by  2  branches  in  the 
Rocky  mountains,  which  unite  400  ms.  from  their 
source,  and  after  an  easterly  course  in  the  whole 
68 


of  about  1,600  ms.,  joins  the  Missouri  700  ms.  from 
the  ."Mississippi.  Its  principal  tributaries  are  the 
Elkhorn,  entering  it  near  its  mouth,  and  the  Loup 
fork,  90  ms.  above.  It  is  from  1  to  3  ms.  broad, 
and  so  shallow,  that,  excepting  in  floods,  it  can  be 
lorded  in  almost  any  place.  It  is  full  of  islands 
covered  with  cotton-wood,  willows,  and  shrubs, 
and  the  shifting  sands  in  its  bed,  together  with 
the  rapidity  of  the  current,  effectually  prevent 
navigation. 

Platte,  r.,  Little,  enters  the  Missouri  from  the 
N.,  349  ms.  from  the  Mississippi. 

Platte,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  420  sq.  ms.  The 
Missouri  r.  runs  on  its  w.  and  s.  boundary.  Wa- 
tered by  Little  Platte  r.  Capital,  Platte  City. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  11,823,  sheep 
9,339,  swine  41,363;  wheat8,616  bush,  produced, 
Ind.  corn  456,451,  oats  7,117,  potatoes  28,548,  to- 
bacco 19,589  pounds;  25  stores,  cap.  $131,350; 
4  distilleries,  1  pottery,  9  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $25,350.  Pop.  whites  8,049,  slaves 
858,  free  col'd  6  ;  total,  8,913. 

Platte  City,  p-v.,  capital  of  Platte  co.,  Mo. 
Situated  on  the  w.  side  ot  Little  Platte  r.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  and  about  250  inhabitants. 

Plattekill,  p-t.,  Ulster  co.,  N.  Y.,20s.  King- 
ston, 85  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  295  W.  The  surface  is 
undulating  and  hilly;  soil,  clay  and  gravelly 
loam.  Drained  by  Old  Man's  Kill,  and  by  tribu- 
taries of  Wallkill  r.  The  v.  contains  2  churches, 
2  stores,  and  about  20  dwellings.  There  are  in 
the  t.  5  stores,  cap.  $10,000;  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,575.  7  sch.  450  scholars. 
Pop.  2,125. 

Platte  vi  lle,  p-v.,  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  78  w.  s.  w. 
Madison,  910  W. 

Plattsburg,  p-t.,  capital  of  Clinton  co.,  N.  Y., 
163  n.  Albany,  538  W.  The  surface  is  level  on 
tl|e  e.,  hilly  and  broken  on  the  w.  The  soil  is 
various,  chiefly  clay  or  sandy  loam.  Watered 
by  Saranac  r.  The  v.  is  situated  on  both  sides 
of  Saranac  r.,  at  its  entrance  into  Cumberland 
bay,  an  indentation  of  Lake  Champlain.  Incor- 
porated in  1815.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
county  clerk's  office,  4  churches — 1  Presbyterian, 
1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Roman  Catholic — 
a  bank,  lyceum,  an  academy,  30  stores,  1  flouring 
m.,  1  grist  m.,  2  cotton  fac,  3  woollen  fac,  2  saw 
m.,  2  marble  m.,  2  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  ma- 
chine shop,  2  printing  offices,  350  dwellings,  and 
about  2^600  inhabitants.  The  Saranac  has  here 
a  succession  of  falls,  about  40  feet  total  descent, 
which  affords  extensive  water  power.  It  contains 
a  United  States  military  post  a  little  s.  of  the  v. 
Here  a  brave  defence  was  made  against  14,000 
of  the  best  British  troops,  under  Sir  George  Pre- 
vost,  September  11,  1814,  and  at  the  same  time 
the  British  fleet  was  captured  by  Commodore 
McDonough,  in  the  bay  before  the  v.  There  are 
in  the  t.  45  stores,  cap.  $188,130;  4  fulling  m.,  3 
woollen  fac,  2  cotton  fac.  12,000  sp.,  1  furnace,  4 
forges,  5  tanneries,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
newspapers,  1  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  25  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $126,255.  2  acad.  Ill  students, 
19  sch.  646  scholars.    Pop.  6,416. 

Plattsburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Clinton  co.,  Mo., 
180  w.  N.  w.  Jefferson  City,  1,092  W.  Situated 
on  the  w.  side  of  Smith's  fork  of  Little  Platte  r. 
It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  5  stores,  and  about 
300  inhabitants. 

Pleasant,  t.,  Warren  co.,  Pa.  It  has  3  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,500.  3  sch.  40  scholars. 
Pop.  190.  x    u       ' 

Pleasant,  t.,  Hardin  co.,  O.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $12,000;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,290.     Pop.  569. 


PLE 


538 


PLE 


Pleasant,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  O.  Watered  by 
Big  and  Little  Darby  creeks,  which  afford  water 
power.    It  has  2  sch.  40  scholars.     Pop.  807. 

Pleasant,  t,  Knox  co.,  O.  Watered  by  Ver- 
non r.  It  contains  Gambier  v.,  in  which  Kenyon 
college  is  situated.  It  has  6  sch.  255  scholars. 
Pop.  888. 

Pleasant,  t.,  Putnam  co.,  O.    Pop.  328. 

Pleasant,  t.,  Seneca  co.,  O.    Pop.  974. 

Pleasant,  t.,  Van  Wert  co.,  O.    Pop.  192. 

Pleasant,  t.,  Fairfield  co.,  O.    Pop.  2,030. 

Pleasant,  t.,  Madison  co.,  O.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $5,000.    7  sch.  250  scholars.     Pop.  936. 

Pleasant,  t.,  Clark  co.,  O.  It  has  7  sch.  373 
scholars.    Pop.  1,091. 

Pleasant,  t.,  Brown  co.,  O.  It  contains  George- 
town v.,  the  capital  of  the  co.  It  has  2  sch.  96 
scholars.    Pop.  1,970. 

Pleasant,  t,,  Grant  co.,  la.    Pop.  420. 

Pleasant,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  O.  It  has  4  sch. 
98  scholars.    Pop.  252. 

Pleasant,  p-t.,  Switzerland  co.,  la.,  82  s.  E. 
Indianapolis,  549  W.     Pop.  1,662. 

Pleasant,  t.,  Wabash  co.,  la.    Pop.  531. 

Pleasant  Dale,  p-o.,  Hardin  co.,  O.,  68  n.  w. 
Columbus,  439  W. 

Pleasant  Exchange,  p-o.,  Henderson  co., 
Tenn.,  108  w.  s.  w.  Nashville,  792  W. 

Pleasant  Flat,  p-o.,  Mason  co.,  Va.,  353  w. 
n.  w.  Richmond,  372  W. 

Pleasant  Fountain,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  O.,  139 
E.  Columbus,  276  W. 

Pleasant  Gap,  p-o.,  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  174 
w.  s.  w.  Richmond,  261  W. 

Pleasant  Gap,  p-o.,  Bates  co.,  Mo.,  133  s.  w. 
Jefferson  City,  1,062  W. 

Pleasant  Garden,  p-o.,  Burke  co.,  N.  C,  222 
w.  Raleigh,  452  W. 

Pleasant  Grove,  p-v.,  Washington  t.,  Morris 
co.,  N.  J.,  40  n.  Trenton,  215  W.  Situated  tfh 
Schooley's  Mountain.  It  contains  a  Presbyterian 
church,  1  store,  and  a  number  of  dwellings. 

Pleasant  Grove,  p-o.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  60 
E.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  89  W. 

Pleasant  Grove,  p-o.,  Lunenburg  co.,  Va.,  88 
s.  w.  Richmond,  190  W. 

Pleasant  Grove,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C,  64 
N.  w.  Raleigh,  296  W. 

Pleasant  Grove,  p-o.,  Greenville  dist.,  S.  C, 
116  w.  N.  w.  Columbia,  489  W. 

Pleasant  Grove,  p-o.,  Pickens  co.,  Ala.,  28 
w.  Tuscaloosa,  846  W. 

Pleasant  Grove,  p-o.,  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  66 
s.  s.  w.  Nashville,  726  W. 

Pleasant  Grove,  p-o.,  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  156  w. 
s.  w.  Frankfort,  693  W. 

Pleasant  Grove,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa. 

Pleasant  Grove,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  111., 
126  s.  by  e.  Springfield,  801  W. 

Pleasant  Hill,  p-o.,  Newcastle  co.,  Del.,  54 
N.  Dover,  117  W. 

Pleasant  Hill,  p-o.,  Charles  co.,  Md.,  66  s. 
w.  Annapolis,  26  W. 

Pleasant  Hill,  p-o.,  Smyth  co.,  Va.,  264  w. 
by  s.  Richmond,  302  W. 

Pleasant  Hill,  p-o.,  Miami  co.,  O.,  84  w. 
Columbus,  476  W. 

Pleasant  Hill,  p-o.,  Northampton  co.,  N.C., 
101  n.  e.  Raleigh,  108  W. 

Pleasant  Hill,  p-o.,  Lancaster  dist.,  S.  C, 
61  n.  n.  e.  Columbia,  445  W. 

Pleasant  Hill,  p-o.,  Talbot  co.,  Ga.,  92  w.  s. 
w.  Milledgeville,  714  W. 

Pleasant  Hill,  p-o.,  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  106  s. 
by  e.  Tuscaloosa,  867  W. 

Pleasant  Hill,  p-o.,  Davidson  co.,  Tenn.,  7 
n.  Nashville,  686  W. 


Pleasant  Hill,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Ark.,  133 
w.  n.  w.  Little  Rock,  1,198  W. 

Pleasant  Hill,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  la.,  58 
w.  n.  w.  Indianapolis,  629  W. 

Pleasant  Hill,  p-o.,  Van  Buren  co..  Mo.,  135 
w.  Jefferson  City,  1,061  W. 

Pleasant  Hill,  p-o.,  Pike  co.,  111.,  83  w.  s. 
w.  Springfield,  863  W. 

Pleasant  Island,  p-o.,  Independence  co., 
Ark.,  112  n.  n.  e.  Little  Rock,  1,014  W. 

Pleasant  Lake,  N.  Y.  Situated  in  Lake 
Pleasant  t.,  Hamilton  co.,  is  3  ms.  long,  and  from 
1  to  H  wide,  and  affords  fine  fish. 

Pleasant  Mills,  p-o.,  Galloway  t.,  Atlantic 
co.,  N.  J.,  67  s.  Trenton,  177  W.  It  contains  2 
stores,  a  cotton  fac.  3,000  sp.,  a  glass  fac,  and 
about  30  dwellings. 

Pleasant  Mount,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  179 
N.  E.  Harrisburg,  273  W. 

Pleasant  Park,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  Mo.,  112  n. 
w.  Jefferson  City,  1,000  W. 

Pleasant  Plains,  p-o.,  Clinton  t.,  Dutchess 
co.,  N.  Y.,  67  s.  Albany,  312  W. 

Pleasant  Plains,  p-o.,  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  86 
s.  by  w.  Tuscaloosa,  898  W. 

Pleasant  Plains,  p-o.,  Scott  co.,  Mo.,  240  s. 
E.  Jefferson  City,  880  W. 

Pleasant  Prairie,  p-o.,  Racine  co.,  Wis.,  106 
E.  s.  e.  Madison,  773  W. 

Pleasant  Prairie,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Mo.,  137 
s.  s.  w.  Jefferson  city,  1,052  W. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  p-o.,  Hamilton  co.,  O.,  112 
w.  s.  vv.  Columbus,  485  W. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  p-o.,  Clinton  co.,  111. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Ala.,  42  s. 
w.  Tuscaloosa,  860  W. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  p-o.,  Bracken  co.,  Ky.,  66 
N.  e.  Frankfort,  496  W. 

Pleasant  Shade,  p-o.,  Smith  co.,  Tenn.,  57 
e.  by  n.  Nashville,  643  W. 

Pleasant  Spring,  p-o.,  Kemper  co.,  Miss.,  105 
e.  n.  e.  Jackson,  909  W. 

Pleasant  Unity,  p-v.,  Unity  t.,  Westmore- 
land co.,  Pa.,  164  w.  Harrisburg,  190  W.  Situ- 
ated on  the  s.  side  of  Big  Sewickly  cr.,  and  con- 
tains 3  stores  and  about  25  dwellings. 

Pleasant  Vale,  p-v.,  Pike  co.,  111.,  90  w.  s. 
w.  Springfield,  873  W. 

Pleasant  Valley,  p-v.,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct.,  22 
w.  Hartford,  316  W. 

Pleasant  Valley,  p-t..  Dutchess  co.,  N.  Y., 
7  n.  e.  Poughkeepsie,  79  s.  Albany,  306  W.  The 
surface  is  diversified  ;  soil,  clay,  sandy  and  grav- 
elly loam,  and  well  cultivated.  Drained  by 
Wappinger's  cr.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  creek, 
and  contains  3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Meth- 
odist, and  1  Friends.  There  are  in  the  t.  9  stores, 
cap.  $19,400 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  cot- 
ton fac.  2,956  sp.,  4  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $93,290.  5  sch.  202  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  2,219. 

Pleasant  Valley,  p-v.,  Springfield  t.,  Bucks 
co.,  Pa.,  103  e.  Harrisburg,  182  W. 

Pleasant  Valley,  p-o.,  Livingston  co.,  Mich 

Pleasant  Valley,  p-o.,  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  131 
n.  by  e.  Richmond,  31  W. 

Pleasant  Valley,  p-o.,  Lancaster  dist.,  S. 
C,  94  n.  N.  E.  Columbia,  412  W. 

Pleasant  Valley,  p-o.,  Murray  co.,  Ga.,  191 
N.  w.  Milledgeville,  599  W. 

Pleasant  Valley,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Ala., 
156  s.  s.  w.  Tuscaloosa.  968  W. 

Pleasant  Valley,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  Tenn., 
119  s.  w.  Nashville,  796  W. 

Pleasant  Valley,  p-o.,  Jo-Daviess  co.,  Ill 

Pleasant  Valley,  p-o.,  Scott  co.,  Iowa. 

Pleasant  View,  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,  la. 


PLY 


539 


PLY 


Pleasant  View,  p-o.,  Darlington  (list.,  S.  C 
95  e.  n.  E.  Columbia,  467  W. 

Pleasant  View,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Ark. 

Pleasantville,  p-v.,  Mount  Pleasant  t.,West- 
chester  co.,  N.  Y.,  122  s.  Albany,  261 W.  It  con- 
tains 1  church,  2  stores,  and  about  15  dwellings. 

Pleasantville,  p-v.,  Montgomery  t.,  Mont- 
gomery co.,  Pa.,  105  e.  Harrisburg,  163  W. 

Pleasantville,  p-v.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  C, 
112  n.  w.  Raleigh,  300  W. 

Pleasantville,  p-v.,  Hickman  co.,  Tcnn.,  73 
w.  s.  w.  Nashville,  757  W. 

Pleasantville,  p-v.,  Pleasant  t,  Fairfield  co., 
O.,  39  s.  e.  Columbus,  375  W.  It  contains  1 
store,  20  dwellings,  and  about  100  inhabitants. 

Pleasureville,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  19  n. 
w.  Frankfort,  561  W. 

Plessis,  p-v.,  Alexandria  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  N. 
Y.,  189  N.  w.  Albany,  441  W.  It  contains  1 
church,  1  store,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  1  tannery. 

Plowden's  3Iills,  p-o.,  Sumpter  dist.,  S.  C, 
66  e.  s.  e.  Columbia,  502  W. 

Pldckemin,  p-v.,  Bedminster  t.,  Somerset  co., 
N.  J.,  37  n.  Trenton,  212  W.  It  contains  2  stores 
and  about  30  dwellings. 

Plum,  t.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $5,000  ;  1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  5  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,245.  5  sch.  144 
scholars.     Pop.  1,174. 

Plumb,  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  14  e.  Pittsburgh. 
Bounded  n.  by  Alleghany  r.  The  surface  is 
hilly  ;  soil,  loam.  Watered  by  Plumb  and  Tur- 
tle creeks,  and  Thompson's  run.  It  has  1  acad. 
40  students,  4  sch.  156  scholars.    Pop.  1,953. 

Plumb  Brook,  p-o.,  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  25  n. 
n.  e.  Detroit,  550  W. 

Plumb  Creek,  t.,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.  It  has 
5  stores,  cap.  $15,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2 
distilleries,  7  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $1 1,085.     17  sch.  1,618  scholars.     Pop.  2,216. 

Plumb  Creek,  p-o.,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  172  w. 
N.  w.  Harrisburg,  225  W. 

Plum  Creek,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  111.,  55  w.  s. 
w.  Springfield,  835  W. 

Plum  Island,  Southold  t.,  Suffolk  co.,  N.  Y. 
Situated  1  mile  e.  of  Oyster  Pond  point,  on  Long 
Island,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  Plum  Island 
Gut.  It  has  a  light-house  on  its  w.  end.  It  is  3 
ms.  long  and  1  wide.  The  surface  is  very  stony, 
and  it  has  no  wood,  excepting  in  a  small  pine 
swamp. 

Plumer,  p-o.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  223  w.  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  297  W. 

Plumstead,  p-t.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  30  n.  Phila- 
delphia, 106  e.  Harrisburg,  168  W.  The  surface 
is  hilly ;  soil,  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Tohickon 
and  Neshaminy  creeks.  It  has  8  stores,  capital 
$13,900 ;  1  pottery,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  2  oil  m. 
Pop.  1,873. 

Plunkets  Creek,  t.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.  It 
has  1  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$5,200.     3  sch.  75  scholars.     Pop.  277. 

Plymouth,  county,  Mass.  Situated  in  the  s. 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  about  600  sq. 
ms.  It  is  bounded  n.  and  e.  by  Massachusetts 
bay.  The  soil  generally  is  moderately  produc- 
tive, but  there  is  considerable  fertile  land.  Wa- 
tered by  North  r.  and  branches  of  Taunton  r. 
Iron  ore  abounds,  and  is  extensively  wrought. 
Cap.,  Plymouth.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
14,663,  sheep  12,293,  swine  9,779 ;  wheat  10,765 
bushels  produced,  rye  25,505,  Ind.  corn  125,999, 
barley  5,831,  oats  39,100,  potatoes  392,802;  9 
commercial  houses  m  for.  trade,  cap.  $235,500; 
230  stores,  cap  $403,650;  7  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$18,000.  Cap.  invested  in  fisheries,  $775,950  ; 
salt  produced,  14,940  bushels;  11  furnaces,   16 


forges  ;  value  of  hardware,  cutlery,  &c,  manu- 
factured, $1,079,603;  1  fulling  m.,  4  woollen  fac, 
14  cotton  fac.  47,994  sp.,  11  tanneries,  7  rone  fac, 
1  pottery,  60  grist  m.,  103  saw  m.,  1  oil  in.,  2 
puper  fac,  4  printing  offices,  1  weekly  newspa- 
pers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,657,265.  12  acad.  699 
students,  259  sch.  11,541  scholars.     Pop.  47,373. 

Plymouth,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  59  n.  e. 
Augusta,  654  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to 
grain.  Watered  by  a  branch  of  Sebasticook  r. 
Incorporated  in  1826.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $600; 
1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac $6,670.    6  sch.  370  scholars.    Pop.  843. 

Plymouth,  p-t.,  6emi-capital  of  Grafton  co., 
N.  H,  40  n.  Concord,  521  W.  The  surface  is 
chiefly  uneven  and  mountainous  ;  soil,  tolerably 
fertile,  particularly  so  along  the  streams.  Pe- 
migewasset  r.  runs  on  its  e.  border.  Watered  by 
Baker's  r.  The  v.  contains  a  court  house,  Con- 
gregational church,  an  academy,  and  a  number 
of  neat  dwellings.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $2,000; 
3  tanneries,  3  potteries,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac  $7,479.  1  acad.  66  students,  12  sen. 
480  scholars.     Pop.  1,281. 

Plymouth,  p-t.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  73  s.  Mont- 
pelier,  475  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous  and 
broken ;  soil,  adapied  to  grazing.  Drained  by 
Black  r.,  which  affords  water  power,  and  branch- 
es of  Queechee  r.  Limestone  and  steatite  or 
soapstone  are  extensively  found  here.  There 
are  2  considerable  caves,  which  when  first  dis- 
covered contained  numerous  stalactites.  The  t. 
contains  a  Congregational,  Methodist,  and  Christ- 
ian church.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $7,000 ;  1  tan- 
nery, 3  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$18,045.     16  sch.  477  scholars.    Pop.  1,417. 

Plymouth,  p-t.,  seaport  and  capital  of  Ply- 
mouth co.,  Mass.,  38  s.  e.  Boston,  447  W.  The  soil 
near  the  coast  is  generally  good ;  the  rest  is  bar- 
ren, and  still  remains  a  forest,  mostly  pine,  with 
some  oak.  The  t.  is  of  great  extent,  and  contains 
a  large  number  of  ponds.  The  village  is  plea- 
santly situated  and  well  built,  chiefly  of  wood.  It 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  6  churches — 2  Con- 
gregational, 1  Unitarian,  1  Baptist,  1  Methodist, 
and  1  Universalist — 2  banks,  an  insurance  co., 
and  Pilgrim  Hall.  The  harbor  is  spacious,  but 
shallow,  and  about  45  vessels  are  employed  in 
the  cod  and  mackerel  fisheries,  and  others  are 
employed  in  the  West  India  and  European  trade. 
This  is  the  oldest  t.  in  New  England,  and  was 
settled  on  December  22d,  1620,  by  101  emigrants, 
who  flea  from  religious  persecution  in  England, 
first  to  Holland,  and  then  to  New  England.  The 
rock  on  which  they  landed  was  conveyed  in  1774 
to  the  centre  of  the  t.  The  anniversary  of  the 
landing  is  celebrated  annually ;  and  for  the  ac- 
commodation of  the  Pilgrim  Society,  Pilgrim 
Hall,  a  neat  building,  has  been  erected.  There 
are  in  the  t.  46  stores,  cap.  $76,000  ;  5  commercial 
houses,  cap.  $138,000  ;  4  cotton  fac.  40,004  sp., 
1  tannery,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspa- 
pers, 4  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$265,400.  2  acad.  123  students,  41  sch.  1,378 
scholars.    Pop.  5,281. 

Plymouth,  p-t.,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct.,  23  w.  Hart- 
ford, 339  W.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  gra- 
velly loam,  adapted  to  grazing.  Drained  by 
Naugatuc  r..  which  affords  good  water  power. 
The  v.,  at  the  centre,  contains  1  Congregational 
and  1  Episcopal  church,  several  stores  and  me- 
chanic shops,  and  about  30  dwellings.  This  t. 
is  celebrated  for  its  manufacture  of  clocks. 
There  are  in  the  t.  ?  stores,  cap.  $32,000 ;  1  fulling 
m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac  2,6d0  sp.,  2  fur- 
naces, 1  tannery,  2  grist  ra.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manuf.  $84,400.  13  sch.  506  scholars.  Pop.  2,205. 


POC 


540 


POT 


Plymouth,  p-t.,  Chenango  co.,  N.  Y.,  7  n.  w. 
Norwich,  120  \v.  Albany,  314  W.  The  surface 
is  undulating ;  soil,  a  fertile  argillaceous  loam. 
Drained  by  Canasawaeta  or.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$2,501);  1  fulling  m.,  2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $3,500.  19  sch.  511  scholars.  Pop. 
1,625. 

Plymouth,  p-t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  124  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  228  W.  The  surface  is  generally 
mountainous,  but  admits  of  cultivation.  A  part 
of  it  lies  in  the  valley  of  Wyoming,  and  is  very 
fertile.  Drained  by  Harvey's  and  Toby's  creeks. 
Coal  is  abundant.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $24,000  ; 
1  tannery,  5  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$16,150.     6  sch.  282  scholars.     Pop.  1,765. 

Plymouth,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  14  n.  n. 
w.  Philadelphia.  The  surface  is  rolling;  soil, 
calcareous  loam.  It  abounds  with  limestone  and 
marble.  It  is  inhabited  chiefly  by  Friends,  who 
have  a  church  near  is  e.  boundary,  where  are 
about  15  dwellings  and  a  female  boarding  school. 
It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $8,500  ;  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $67,425.  5  sch.  315  scholars. 
Pop.  1,417. 

Plymouth,  p-v.,  capital  of  Washington  co.,  N. 
C,  162  e.  Raleigh,  236  W.  Situated  on  the  s. 
side  of  Roanoke  r.,  8  miles  from  its  entrance  into 
Albemarle  sound.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  1  church,  and  778  inhabitants. 

Plymouth,  t.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.  It  has  2  sch. 
78  scholars.    Pop.  705. 

Plymouth,  p-v.,  capital  of  Marshall  co.,  la., 
115  n.  Indianapolis,  634  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  and  a  number  of  dwellings. 

Plymouth,  p-v.,  Hancock  co.,  111.,  92  w.  n.  w. 
Springfield,  870  W. 

Plymouth,  p-t.,  Richland  co.,  O.,  77  n.  n.  e. 
Columbus,  389  W.    Pop.  1,934. 

Plymouth,  p-t.,  Wa,yne  co.,  Mich.,  25  s.  w. 
Detroit,  529  W.  Drained  by  head  branches  of 
west  branch  of  Rouge  r.  The  v.  is  situated  on 
the  w.  branch  of  Rouge  r.,  and  contains  a  Pres- 
byterian church  and  6  stores.  The  t.  has  9  stores, 
cap.  $24,000 ;  1  distillery,  1  pottery,  6  flouring  m., 
5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $62,800.  12  sch. 
546  scholars.     Pop.  2,163. 

Plymouth,  p-v.,  Lowndes  co.,Miss.,  147  N.  e. 
Jackson,  890  W. 

Plymouth  Hollow,  p-v.,  Plymouth  t.,  Litch- 
field co.,  Ct.,  25  w.  Hartford,  337  W.  It  con- 
tains 1  cotton  fac,  2  clock  fac,  and  a  number  of 
dwellings. 

Plympton,  p-t.,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  41  s.  E. 
Boston,  43J  W.  Watered  by  a  branch  of  Taun- 
ton r.  Incorporated  in  1707.  It  contains  1  Con- 
gregational and  1  Universalist  church.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $3,000 ;  1  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac. 
1,000  sp.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manuf.  $68,300.   7  sch.  226  scholars.   Pop.  834. 

Pocahontas,  county,  Va.  Situated  a  little  n. 
w.  of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  710  sq. 
ms.  The  Alleghany  mountains  run  on  its  s.  E. 
border.  Drained  by  Greenbrier  r.  The  surface 
is  elevated  and  very  much  broken ;  soil,  sterile. 
Capital,  Huntersville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  6,731,  sheep  10,256,  swine  4,944;  wheat 
17,846  bushels  produced,  rye  21,083,  Indian  corn 
41,389,  buckwheat  4,638,  oats  50,111,  potatoes 
21,040;  3  stores,  cap.  $12,500;  1  fulling  m.,  5 
tanneries,  8  distilleries,  22  grist  m.,  22  saw  m.,  1  oil 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $28,451.  6  sch.  133  schol- 
ars. Pop.  whites  2,684,  slaves  219>  free  col'd 
19;    total,  2,922. 

Pocahontas,  p-v.,  capital  of  Randolph  co., 
Ark.,  152  n.  n.  E.  Little  Rock,  1,009  W.  Situated 
on  the  n.  side  of  Big  Black  r.,  and  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  and  a  few  dwellings. 


Pocasset,  p-v.,  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  63  s.  E. 
Boston,  464  W. 

Pocket,  p-o.,  Moore  co.,  N.  C,  51  s.  w.  Ra- 
leigh, 339  W. 

Pocomoke,  bay  and  r.,  Md.  The  river  rises 
in  Cypress  swamp,  on  the  line  between  Del.  and 
Md.,  and  proceeds  in  a  southwesterly  direction, 
about  70  miles,  to  Pocomoke  bay,  a  branch  of 
Chesapeake  bay.  The  river  is  navigable  for 
vessels  to  Snowhill. 

Pocona  ,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $2,500;  3  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  12  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $23,000.    8  sch.     Population* 

Pocotalico,  r ,  Va.,  Kanawha  co.,  flows  s.  w. 
about  60  miles  into  the  Great  Kanawha  river., 
about  40  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  is  navigable 
for  boats,  in  high  water,  20  or  30  miles.  Bitumi- 
nous coal  and  iron  ore  are  found  near  its  bor- 
ders. 

Pocotalico,  p-o.,  Kanawha  co.,  Va.,  321  w. 
n.  w.  Richmond,  358  W.  Situated  on  Pocotalico 
river. 

Pocotalico,  p-v.,  Beaufort  dist.,  S.  C,  125  s. 
Columbia,  614  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  w.  side 
of  Combahee  r. 

Poestenkill,  r.,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Rensselaer  co., 
and  flows  w.  into  Hudson  r.,  at  Troy,  and  affords 
good  water  power.  It  has  falls  on  the  side  of 
Mount  Ida,  Troy,  where  is  a  small  manufac- 
turing v. 

Poestenkill,  p-v.,  Sand  Lake  t.,  Rensselaer 
co.,  N.  Y.,  13  e.  Albany,  333  W.  It  contains  1 
Lutheran  and  1  Dutch  Reformed  church,  2  stores, 
2  fac,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  20  dwellings,  and 
about  100  inhabitants. 

Poindexter,  p-o.,  Marion  co.,  Ga. 

Poindexter's  Store,  p-o.,  Louisa  co.,  Va., 
59  n.  w.  Richmond,  138  W. 

Poinsett,  county,  Ark.  Situated  in  the  n. 
e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,350  sq.  miles. 
The  St.  Francis  r.  bounds  it  on  the  e.  Drained 
by  a  branch  of  St.  Francis  r.,  St.  Francis  Bayou, 
and  Laguille  r.  Capital,  Bolivar.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,681,  sheep  344,  swine 
3,749  ;  wheat  2,385  bushels  produced,  Ind.  corn 
37,623,  potatoes  3,113,  tobacco  1,870  pounds,  cot- 
ton 22,729 ;  3  stores,  cap.  $2,000 ;  1  tannery,  2 
distilleries,  12  grist  m.     (Jap.  in  manufac.  $1,900. 

4  sch.  76  scholars.     Pop  whites  1,253,  slaves  67; 
total,  1,320. 

Poinsett,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Ga.,  120  n.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  594  W. 

Poinsett,  p-o.,  Hamilton  co.,  la. 

Point  Commercial,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  la. 
Situated  at  the  junction  of  Eel  cr.  and  White  r., 
and  contains  1  store,  1  steam  m.,  and  a  few 
dwellings. 

Point,  t.,  Northumberland  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2 
grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,565.  3 
sch.  150  scholars.     Pop.  746. 

Point  Coupee,  parish,  La.  Situated  s.  e.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  between  the  Mississippi 
on  the  n.  e.,  and  the  Atchafalaya  on  the  w. 
Drained  by  Perdouche  Bayou.  It  has  False  r., 
probably  a  former  bed  of  the  Mississippi,  in  its  e. 
part.  The  surface  is  level  and  low,  and  most  of 
it  liable  to  submersion.  The  soil,  where  capable 
of  cultivation,  is  very  fertile.  Capital,  Point 
Coupee.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,983, 
sheep  5,211,  swine  3,000;  Ind.  corn  93,500  bush, 
produced,  potatoes  3,935,  cotton  6,294,726  pounds, 
sugar  411,000 ;  26  stores,  cap.  $145,000  ;  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac  $14,000.     1  college  51  students, 

5  sch.  83  scholars.     Pop.  whites  2,087,  slaves 
5,430,  free  col'd  381 ;  total,  7,893. 

Point  Coupee,  p-v.,  capital  of  Point  Coupee 


POL 


541 


TOM 


par.,  La.,  140  w.  n.  w.  New  Orleans,  1,171  W. 
Situated  on  the  s.  side  of  the  Mississippi,  opposite 
St.  Francisville,  and  contains  a  court  house  and 
jail.  Here  commences  the  levee  or  embank- 
ment along  the  r.,  which  extends  to  New  Orleans. 
Its  inhabitants  are  chiefly  of  French  descent. 

Point  of  Rocks,  p-v.,  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  92 
N.  w.  Annapolis,  60  W. 

Point  Peninsula,  p-o.,  Brownsville  t,  Jeffer- 
son co.,  N.  Y. 

Point  Pleasant,  p-o.,  Monmouth  co.,  N.  J., 
53  e.  Trenton,  219  W. 

Point  Plkasant,  p-v.,  Tinicum  t.,  Bucks  co., 
Pa.,  119  e.  Harrisburg,  181  W.  Situated  on  Del- 
aware r.,  and  contains  1  store,  and  about  10  or 
12  dwellings. 

Point  Pleasant,  p-v.,  capital  of  Mason  co., 
Va.,  370  w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  361  W.  Situated 
on  the  e.  side  of  Ohio  r.,  at  the  mouth  of  Great 
Kanawha  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  50 
dwellings,  and  about  300  inhabitants. 

Point  Pleasant,  p-v.,  Monroe  t.,  Clermont  co., 
O.,  120  s.  w.  Columbus,  495  W.  Situated  on  the 
N.  bank  of  Ohio  r.,  and  contains  2  stores,  about 
30  dwellings,  and  180  inhabitants. 

Point  Pleasant,  p-o.,  Tippecanoe  co.,  la.,  73 
N.  w.  Indianapolis,  631  W. 

Point  Pleasant,  p-o.,  Scott  co.,  Iowa. 

Point  Pleasant,  p-o.,  Wachita  par.,  La.,  33 
N.  w.  New  Orleans,  1,220  W. 

Point  Prairie,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Ark.,  130 
w.  n.  w.  Little  Rock,  1,195  W. 

Point  Republic,  p-o.,  La  Salle  co.,  111.,  116 
N.  N.  E.  Springfield,  790  W. 

Point  Remove,  p-t.,  Conway  co.,  Ark.,  51  n. 
w.  Little  Rock,  1,116  W.    Pop.  295. 

Pokagon,  t.,  Cass  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1  tan- 
nery, 1  grist  ra.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$4,400.    5  sch.  162  scholars.     Pop.  516. 

Poke  Run,  p-o.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  185 
w.  Harrisburg,  210  W. 

Poland,  p-t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  51  s.  w. 
Augusta,  574  W.  Bounded  n.  by  Little  Andros- 
coggin r.,  issuing  from  a  large  pond  on  its  w. 
border.  Incorporated  in  17i)5.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile, adapted  to  grain.  Its  streams  afford  water 
power.  It  contains  a  small  v.  of  Shakers,  who 
possess  600  acres  of  finely  cultivated  land.  It 
has  5  stores,  cap.  $3,750 ;  1  lumber  yard,  cap. 
$1,600;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  oil  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,707.  24  sch.  1,052  scholars. 
Pop.  2,360. 

Poland,  p-v.,  Russia  t.,  Herkimer  co.,  N.  Y., 
89  n.  w.  Albany,  406  W.  Situated  on  West 
Canada  cr.,  and  contains  1  store,  2  cotton  fac,  1 
flouring  m.,  2  trip-hammer  works  and  edge  tool 
fac,  3u  dwellings,  and  about  250  inhabitants. 

Poland,  t.,  Chautauque  co.,  N.  Y.,  22  s.  e. 
Mayville,  317  w.  by  s.  Albany.  The  surface  is 
hilly;  soil,  sandy  and  gravelly  loam.  Drained 
by  Connewango  cr.  and  Chautauque  outlet.  It 
has  2  stores,  cap.  $5,500 ;  7  tanneries,  1  grist  m., 
15  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $50,800.  10  sch. 
400  scholars.     Pop.  1,087. 

Poland,  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  73  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 284  W.  Drained  by  Mahoning  r.,  which 
affords  water  power.    Pop.  1,583. 

Poland  Centre,  p-o.,  Poland  t.,  Chautauque 
co.,  N.  Y. 

Polk,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  s.  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  330  sq.  ms.  Hiwassee 
r.  runs  on  its  n.  boundary,  by  branches  of  which 
it  is  drained.  The  surface  is  mountainous.  Capi- 
tal, Bentonville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
3,541,  sheep  1,799,  swine  10,899;  wheat  8,710 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  220,224,  oats  24,489, 
potatoes  5,362,  tobacco  3,620  lbs.,  cotton  14,883, 


sugar  1,060;  7  store*,  cap.  $22,000;  1  tannery,  4 
distilleries,  6  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac 94,410.  2  sell.  39  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
3,849,  slaves  304,  free  |»fd  17;  total,  3.570. 

Polk,  county,  Mo.  Situated  s.  w.  of  the  cen- 
tre of  state,  and  contains  7(5!)  iq.  ins.  Drained  by 
Pomme  de  Terre,  and  Sac  and  Niangua  rivers, 
which  afford  water  power.  Capital,  Bolivar. 
There  were  in  1810,  neat  cattle  11,402,  sheep 
6,411,  swine  30,515;  wheat  12,143  bush,  pro- 
duced, Ind.  com  3)2,830,  oats  19,042,  potatoes 
17,902,  tobacco  25,650  pounds,  cotton  29,823; 
14  stores,  cap.  $42,680 ;  2  tanneries,  4  distilleries, 
10  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,540. 
5  sch.  93  scholars.  Pop.  whites  7,978,  slaves 
462,  free  col'd  9;  total,  8,449. 

Pollock's,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  111.,  131  s. 
Springfield,  841  W. 

Pollopsville,  p-v.,  Jones  CO.,  N.  C. 

Posley's  Mills,  p-o.,  Monongalia  co.,  Va.,278 
N.  w.  Richmond,  211  W. 

Pomaria,  p-o.,  Newberry  dist.,  S.  C,  26  w.  N. 
w.  Columbia,  507  W. 

Pomeroy,  p-v.,  Meigs  co.,  O.,  101  s.  E.  Colum- 
bus, 310  W. 

Pomfret,  p-t.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  49  s.  Mont- 
pelier,  490  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil, 
generally  fertile.  Queechee  r.  passes  through 
its  s.  e.,  and  White  r.  through  its  n.  w.  corner, 
by  small  branches  of  which  it  is  drained.  It  has 
a  Congregational,  a  Baptist,  and  a  Methodist 
church.  There  are  in  the  t.  2  stores,  capital 
$35,000 ;  3  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  3  tanneries, 
1  saw  m.,  31  sch.  610  scholars.  Population 
1,774. 

Pomfret,  p-t.,  Windham  co.,  Ct.,  41  e.  Hart- 
ford, 377  W.  The  surface  is  pleasantly  diversi- 
fied ;  soil,  deep,  strong,  and  fertile,  adapted  to 
grazing.  Quinnebaug  r.  runs  on  its  e.  border,  by 
branches  of  which  it  is  drained.  It  contains  5 
churches — 2  Congregational,  1  Baptist,  1  Episco- 

rd,  and  1  Friends.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $29,300 ; 
cotton  fac.  3,550  sp.,  2  tanneries,  5  grist  m.,  9 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $113,575.  1  acad.  35 
students,  11  sch.  493  scholars.     Pop.  1,868. 

Pomfret  Landing,  p-o.,  Pomfret  t.,  Windham 
co.,  Ct.,  43  e.  Hartibrd,  376  W. 

Pomfret,  t.,  Chautauque  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  n.  e. 
Mayville,  315  w.  Albany.  Lake  Erie  bounds  it 
on  the  n.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  a  fertile  ar- 
gillaceous, gravelly,  and  sandy  loam.  Drained 
by  Cassadaga  cr.,  flowing  s.  into  Alleghany  r., 
and  small  streams  flowing  n.  into  Lake  Erie.  It 
contains  Dunkirk  v.,  where  the  New  York  and 
Erie  railroad  is  to  terminate.  It  contains  also 
Van  Buren  harbor.  There  are  in  the  t.  5  com- 
mission houses,  cap.  $5,000;  28  stores,  capital 
$95,000 ;  4  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  5  tanneries, 
1  distillery,  1  paper  fac,  2  printing  offices,  2 
weekly  newspapers,  1  periodical,  1  flouring  m., 
4  grist  m.,  15  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$152,251.  1  acad.  250  students,  27  sch.  1,411 
scholars.    Pop.  4,566. 

Pomme  de  Terre,  r.,  Mo.,  rises  in  Greene  co. 
and  flows  n.  into  Osage  r. 

Pomme  de  Terre,  p-o.,  Jasper  co.,  Mo.,  172  s. 
w.  Jefferson  City,  1,121  W. 

Pomonkey,  p-o.,  Charles  co.,  Md.,  67  s.  w. 
Annapolis,  27  W. 

Pompey,  p-t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N.  Y.,  14  s.  e. 
Syracuse,  125  w.  by  n.  Albany,  337  W.  The 
surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  a  fertile  sandy  and  clay 
loam.  Drained  by  Limestone  cr.  and  1  ougnmo- 
ga  r.  It  has  10  stores,  cap.  $51,000 ;  2  fulling  m., 
1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  3  gnst  m.,  5  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac  $43,150.  1  acad.  127  students, 
28  sch.  1,350  scholars.    Pop.  4,371. 


POO 


542 


POP 


Pompey  Centre,  p-o.,  Pompey  t.,  Onondaga 
co.,  N.  Y.,  113  w.  by  n.  Albany,  347  W. 

Pompey  Hill,  v.,  Pompey  t.,  Onondaga  co., 
N.  Y.  It  is  on  elevated  ground,  and  contains  2 
churches,  an  academy,  5  stores,  75  dwellings, 
and  about  450  inhabitants. 

Pompton,  r.,  N.  J.,  is  formed  by  the  junction 
of  Pequannock,  Kingwood,  and  Ramapo  rivers, 
and  dividing  Passaic  from  Morris  county,  it  flows 
8  ms.  into  the  Passaic.  The  Morris  canal  crosses 
it,  2  ms.  above  its  mouth,  in  a  wooden  aqueduct, 
236  feet  long,  on  9  stone  piers. 

Pompton,  p-v.,  Pequannoc  t.,  Morris  co.,  N.  J., 
84  n.  E.  Trenton,  25a  W.  It  contains  a  Dutch 
Reformed  church,  a  store,  4  grist  m.,  a  furnace, 
and  about  25  dwellings. 

Pompton,  t.,  Passaic  co.,  N.  J.,  23  n.  w.  Hack- 
ensack.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  mountainous  ; 
soil,  clay  and  loam.  Drained  by  Ringwood  r.  It 
has  several  ponds.  Iron  ore  is  found.  The  v. 
contains  a  Dutch  Reformed  church,  3  stores,  an 
academy,  and  about  35  dwellings.  There  are  in 
the  t.  2  stores,  cap.  $3,000 ;  1  furnace,  8  forges,  3 
grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,255.  5 
sch.  186  scholars.    Pop.  1,437. 

Pond  Creek,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Tenn.,  166  e. 
s.  e.  Nashville,  539  W. 

Pondsville,  p-o.,  Moriah  t,  Essex  co.,  N.  Y., 
107  n.  Albany,  4S2  W. 

Pondtown,  p-o.,  Sumpter  co.,  Ga.,  102  s.  w. 
Milledgeville,  758  W. 

Pontchartrain,  lake,  La.,  40  ms.  long  and 
25  ms.  broad — communicates  with  Lake  Maure- 
pas  on  the  w.,  with  Lake  Borgne,  through  the 
Rigolets,  on  the  e.,  and  with  New  Orleans,  on 
the  s.,  through  St.  John's  bayou  and  a  canal.  It 
is  16  or  18  feet  deep  in  its  deepest  parts,  but  near 
the  shore  not  more  than  9  feet.  It  receives  sev- 
eral considerable  rivers  on  its  n.  side,  the  largest 
of  which  are  Tangipaha  and  Tchefuncte. 

Pontotoc,  county,  Miss.  Situated  toward  the 
N.  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  900  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Tallahatchee  r.  and  its  branches,  and 
by  branches  of  the  w.  fork  of  Tombigbee  r.  Cap- 
ital, Pontotoc.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
6,203,  sheep  932,  swine  12,365 ;  wheat  8,783  bush 
produced,  lnd.  corn  167,845,  oats  8,140,  potatoes 
4,130,  cotton  145,953;  7  stores,  cap.  $23,900,-  2 
tanneries,  10  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.,  1  printing  office, 
1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $23,646. 
1  acad.  30  students,  3  sch.  86  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
2,895,  slaves  1,593,  free  col'd  3 ;  total  4,491. 

Pontotoc,  p-v.,  capital  of  Pontotoc  co.,  Miss., 
175  n.  N.  E.  Jackson,  838  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  a  United  States  land  office,  and  about 
500  inhabitants. 

Pontiac,  p-t.,  capital  of  Oakland  co,,  Mich., 
25  N.  w.  Detroit,  549  W.  The  v.  is  situated  on 
Clinton  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a  branch 
of  the  University,  a  Congregational  church,  a 
bank,  13  stores,  2  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  fulling 
m.,  1  iron  foundry,  2  printing  offices,  each  issuing 
a  weekly  newspaper,  and  about  1,000  inhabitants. 
A  railroad  connects  it  with  Detroit.  The  t.  has 
18  stores,  cap.  $51,200;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  1  furnace,  9  sch.  456  scholars.  Population 
1,904. 

Pontiac,  p-v.,  capital  of  Livingston  co.,  111., 
110  N.  N.  E.  Springfield,  737  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  and  several  dwellings. 

Poolville,  p-v.,  Hamilton  t.,  Madison  co.,  N. 
Y.,  95  w.  by  n.  Albany,  355  W.  It  contains  2 
churches,  3  stores,  1  woollen  fac,  1  grist  m.,  1 
leather  fac,  30  dwellings,  and  about  250  inhabi- 
tants. 

Poolsville,  p-v.,  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,73  w. 
N.  w.  Annapolis,  33  W. 


Poolsville,  p-v.,  Spartanburg  dist.,  S.  C,  107 
n.  w.  Columbia,  480  W. 

Poolsville,  p-v.,  De  Kalb  co.,  Ga.,  91  n.  w 
Milledgeville,  636  W. 

Poolsville,  p-v.,  Warren  co.,  la.,  83  w.  n.  w. 
Indianapolis,  641  W. 

Pope,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  s.  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  576  sq.  ms.  Ohio  r. 
runs  on  its  E.  and  s.  border.  Drained  by  Big  Bay, 
Lusk's,  Great  Pierre,  and  Rock  creeks.  The  sur- 
face is  level ;  soil,  sandy  loam,  and  fertile.  Cap- 
ital, Golconda.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
5,936,  sheep  5,350,  swine  6,041;  wheat  1,246 
bush,  produced,  lnd.  corn  36,908,  oats  6,980,  po- 
tatoes 1,444,  tobacco  15,700  pounds  ;  6  stores,  cap. 
$50,000 ;  2  tanneries,  10  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $3,200.  21  sch.  468  scholars.  Pop. 
4,094. 

Pope,  county,  Ark.  Situated  toward  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  720  sq.  ms.  Ar- 
kansas r.  runs  on  its  s.  border.  Drained  by  small 
streams  flowing  into  the  Arkansas  r.  It  has  a 
range  of  highlands  on  its  n.  border.  Capital, 
Dover.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,143, 
sheep  1,178,  swine  10,356;  wheat  3,418  bush, 
produced,  lnd.  corn  121,874,  oats  2,730,  potatoes 
7,102,  tobacco  13,576  pounds,  cotton  82,344;  6 
stores,  cap.  $16,450 ;  3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2 
grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,650.  4 
sch.  78  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,626,  slaves  2,115, 
free  col'd  9 ;  total,  2,850. 

Pope  Creek,  p-o.,  Mercer  co.,  111.,  140  n.  n. 
w.  Springfield,  870  W. 

Poplar,  p-o.,  Crawford  co.,  O.,  75  n.  Colum- 
bus, 419  W. 

Poplar  Branch,  p-o.,  Currituck  co.,N.  C.,242 
e.  n.  e.  Raleigh,  290  W. 

Poplar  Camp,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  171  w. 
by  s.  Richmond,  246  W. 

Poplar  Creek,  p-o.,  Roane  co.,  Tenn.,  155  e. 
by  s.  Nashville,  534  W. 

Poplar  Flat,  p-o.,  Lewis  co.,  Ky.,  97  E.  N.  e. 
Frankfort,  476  W. 

Poplar  Grove,  p-o.,  Newberry  dist.  S.  C,  53 
w.  n.  w.  Columbia,  491  W. 

Poplar  Grove,  p-o.,  Iredell  co.,  N.  C,  154  w. 
Raleigh,  391  W. 

Poplar  Grove,  p-o.,  Sussex  co.,  Va.,  61  s.  s.  E. 
Richmond,  180  W. 

Poplar  Grove,  p-o.,  Blount  co.,  Ala.,  124  N. 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  719  W. 

Poplar  Grove,  p-o.,  Owen  co.,  Ky.,  42  n. 
Frankfort,  537  W. 

Poplar  Grove,  p-o.,  Gibson  co.,  Tenn.,  144 
w.  Nashville,  827  W. 

Poplar  Hill,  p-o.,  Giles  co.,  Va.,  234  w.  by 
s.  Richmond,  294  W. 

Poplar  Hill,  p-o.,  Anson  co.,  N.  C,  151  s.  w. 
Raleigh,  420  W. 

Poplar  Mount,  p-o.,  Greenville  co.,  Va.,  63 
s.  Richmond,  182  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of 
Nottaway  r. 

Poplar  Plains,  p-v.,  Fleming  co.,  Ky.,  96  e. 
by  n.  Frankfort,  493  W.  It  contains  1  Methodist 
church,  and  about  300  inhabitants. 

Poplar  Ridge,  p-o.,  Venice  t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N. 
Y.,  163  w.  Albany,  324  W. 

Poplar  Springs,  p-o.,  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md., 
57  n.  w.  Annapolis,  62  W. 

Poplar  Springs,  p-o.,  Fairfield  dist.,  S.  C,  35 
n.  Columbia,  472  W. 

Poplar  Valley,  p-o.,  Chambers  co.,  Ala.,  164 
e.  by  s.  Tuscaloosa,  778  W. 

Poplin,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.,  29  s.  E. 
Concord,  477  W.  The  surface  is  gently  uneven  ; 
soil,  generally  fertile.  Drained  by  Exeter  r.  In- 
corporated in  1764.    It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,000; 


POR 


543 


POR 


2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  4  sch.  135  scholars.  Pop. 
429. 

Poquetanock,  p-v.,  Preston  L,  New  London 
co.,  Ct..  43  s.  E.  Hartford,  361  W.  Situated  at 
the  head  of  a  cove,  2  ras.  from  Thames  r.  It  has 
1  Episcopal  church,  over  the  line,  in  Ledyard,  4 
stores,  and  about  3.'>  dwellings.  Ship  timber  is 
exported.  Sloops  come,  at  high  water,  within 
half  a  m.  of  the  v.  The  inhabitants  are  exten- 
sively engaged  in  seafaring  business. 

Poo.uo.nock,  p-v.,  Windsor  t.,  Hartford  co.,  Ct., 
10  n.  Hartford,  316  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side 
of  Farmington  r.,  and  contains  a  Baptist  church, 
several  manufactories  and  dwellings. 

Porpoise,  cape,  York  co.,  Me.,  forms  the  harbor 
of  Kennebunk. 

Portage,  r.,  O.,  rises  in  the  s.  w.  comer  of 
Wood  co.,  and  enters  Lake  Erie  at  Port  Clinton. 
It  affords  good  water  power,  and  drains  the  Black 
swamp,  an  unhealthy  region,  but  which,  if  suita- 
bly drained,  which  is  said  to  be  easy,  would  make 
a  very  fertile  country. 

Portage,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  500  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Portage  r.,  and  branches  of  Mahoning  r. 
The  surface  is  gently  uneven;  soil,  fertile,  adap- 
ted to  grain  and  to  grazing.  The  Pennsylvania 
and  Ohio  canal  passes  through  the  co.  Capital, 
Ravenna.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  21,922, 
sheep  28,894,  swine  8,550  ;  wheat  112,144  bush, 
produced,  rye  9,497,  Ind.  corn  113,370,  buckwheat 
6,301,  oats  1 19,624,  potatoes  112,743,  sugar  258,038 
pounds  ;  33  stores,  cap.  $113,229 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  11  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  pottery, 
9  grist  m.,  41  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  1  weekly 
newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $90,069.  2  acad. 
101  students,  143  sch.  5,077  scholars.  Pop.  22,965. 

Portage,  county,  Wis.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  ter.,  and  is  very  extensive  and  mostly 
unsurveyed.  It  is  level  in  the  s.,  mountainous  in 
the  n.  Watered  by  Wisconsin  r.  and  its  branches. 
Capital,  Fort  Winnebago.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  372,  swine  127 ;   wheat  1,815  bush. 

Produced,  Ind.  corn  293,  oats  1,018,  potatoes 
,539;  9  stores,  cap.  $57,550;  14  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $92,500.  1  sch.  19  scholars.  Pop. 
1,623. 

Portage,  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y.,  18  n.  An- 
gelica, 247  w.  by  s.  Albany.  The  surface  is 
elevated  and  rolling;  soil,  fertile,  particularly  on 
Genesee  r.,  which  flows  through  it.  It  contains 
Genesee  Falls,  where  the  r.  in  the  distance  of  2 
ms.  descends  300  feet,  creating  an  immense  wa- 
ter power.  The  Genesee  Valley  canal  passes 
through  it.  It  has  18  stores,  cap.  $40,800 ;  2  ful- 
ling m.,  3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  flouring  m..  3 
grist  m.,  18  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $47,375. 
17  sch.  1,071  scholars.  Pop.  4,721. 
Portage,  t.,  Ottawa  co.,  O.  Pop.  347. 
Portage,  p-t.,  Wood  co.,  O.,  Ill  n.  n.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 467  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of  Mau- 
mee  r.  Drained  by  Portage  r.  The  v.  is  situa- 
ted on  the  n.  bank  of  Portage  r.,  which  affords 
water  power.  It  was  laid  out  in  1836,  and  con- 
tains 2  stores,  various  mechanic  shops,  and  a 
number  of  dwellings.  The  t.,  contains  199  in- 
habitants. 

Portage,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  O.  It  has  1  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,500.  6  sch. 
227  scholars.    Pop.  676. 

Portage,  t.,  Summit  co.,  O.  The  surface  is 
uneven  ;  soil,  fertile,  adapted  to  grain.  It  con- 
tains a  former  portage  between  Cuyahoga  and 
Tuscarawas  rivers,  which  passed  through  this  t., 
and  Coventry  s.  of  it.  Akron  v.,  the  capital  of 
the  co.,  lies  in  its  s.  E.  part.  Pop.  718.  (For  sta- 
tistics, see  Akron.) 


Portage,  p-v.,  St.  Joseph  co.,  la.  Drained 
by  Sr.  Joseph's  r.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  St.  Joseph's  r. 

Portage,  p-t.,  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  147  w.  by 
s.  Detroit,  611  W.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,500.  5  sch.  118  scholars. 
Pop.  446. 

Portage  des  Sioux,  p-v.,  St.  Charles  co.,  Mo., 
122  e.  n.  e.  Jefferson  City,  831  W.  Situated  on 
w.  side  of  the  Mississippi  r.  5  ms.  below  the 
mouth  of  Illinois  r.  It  contains  from  3  to  400  in- 
habitants, chiefly  French. 

Portageville,  p-v.,  Portage  t.,  Alleghany 
co.,  N.  Y.,  262  w.  by  s.  Albany,  357  W.  Situa- 
ted on  the  w.  side  of  Genesee  r.,  on  the  line  of 
the  Genesee  Valley  canal,  and  contains  5 
churches — 1  Presbyterian,  2  Baptist,  1  Metho- 
dist, and  1  Universalist — 10  stores,  1  grist  m.,  5 
saw  m.,  2  sash  fac,  1  tannery,  1  clothier's  works 
100  dwellings,  and  about  700  inhabitants.  The 
canal  here  crosses  the  r.  in  an  aqueduct.  The 
falls  and  scenery  in  the  vicinity,  are  in  a  high 
degree  picturesque. 

Port  Alleghany,  p-v.,  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  192 
N.  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  275  W.  Situated  on  the  s. 
w.  side  of  Alleghany  r. 

Port  Bvron,  p-v.,  Mentz  t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N. 
Y.,  153  w.  by  n.  Albany,  341  W.  Situated 
on  the  Erie  canal.  Incorporated  in  1837,  and 
contains  3  churches,  10  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  with 
12  run  of  stones,  4  saw  m.,  1  clothier's  works,  2 
tanneries,  150  dwellings,  and  about  1,000  in- 
habitants. 

Port  Byron,  p-v.,  Rock  Island  co.,  111.,  160  n. 
n.  w.  Springfield,  890  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side 
of  Mississippi  r. 

Port  Carbon,  p-v.,  Branch  t.,  Schuylkill  co., 
Pa.,  65  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  175  W.  It  has  been 
created  by  the  coal  trade.  In  1829,  it  contained 
a  single  house  surrounded  by  forest.  In  1830, 
it  contained  100  dwellings,  and  912  inhabitants. 
It  is  situated  at  the  junction  of  Mill  car.  with 
Schuylkill  r.,  at  the  head  of  canal  navigation,  and 
though  its  growth  has  been  less  rapid  than  at 
first,  it  is  still  a  place  of  much  business. 

Port  Chester,  p-v.,  Rve  t.,  Westchester  co., 
N.  Y.,  136  s.  Albany,  255*  W.  Situated  on  the 
w.  side  of  Byram  r.  Incorporated  in  1833,  and 
contains  1  Presbyterian,  and  1  Methodist  church, 
2  boarding  schools,  1  for  boys,  and  1  for  young 
ladies,  20  stores,  1  dyewood  m.,  1  iron  foundry, 
1  hat  fac,  2  carriage  fac,  100  dwellings,  and 
about  800  inhabitants.  Six  sloops  and  schooners 
are  owned  here,  and  a  steamboat  plies  daily  to 
New  York. 

Port  Clinton,  p-v.,  Brunswick  t,  Schuyl- 
kill co.,  Pa.,  69  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  167  W.  Situ- 
ated at  the  confluence  of  Little  Schuylkill  with 
Schuylkill  r.,  above  the  Water  Gap,  in  Blue 
mountain.  A  railroad  extends  23  ms.  to  Tusca- 
rora  and  Mauch  Chunk  mountain  coal-fields,  and 
the  Schuylkill  canal  passes  through  the  place. 
It  therefore  shares  largely  in  the  coal  trade. 

Port  Clinton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Ottawa  co.,  O. 
120  n.  Columbus,  428  W.  Situated  on  the  s. 
side  of  Portage  r.,  at  its  mouth.  Laid  out  in  1827, 
with  spacious  streets,  crossing  each  other  at  right 
angles.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  with  a  light-house 
at  its  entrance.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
several  stores,  1  steam  saw  m.  and  grist  m.,  va- 
rious mechanic  shops,  50  dwellings,  and  about 
300  inhabitants. 

Port  Colden,  p-v.,  Warren  co.,  IN.  J.,  DO  K. 
N.  w.  Trenton,  209  W.  ^ 

Port  Conway,  p-v.,  King  Georges  co.,  Va., 
84  n.  n.  e.  Richmond,  78  W. 
Port  Crane,  p-o.,  Broome  co    M.  Y 


POR 


544 


POR 


Port  Deposit,  p-v.,  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  68  n.  e. 
Annapolis,  78  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  side  of 
Susquehanna  r.,  at  the  lower  falls,  5  ras.  above 
Havre  de  Grace,  at  the  mouth  of  the  r. 

Port  Elizabeth,  p-v.,  Maurice  River  t.,  Cum- 
berland co.,  N.  J.,  73  s.  s.  vv.  Trenton,  184  W. 
Situated  on  Manamuskin  cr.  near  its  entrance 
into  Maurice  r.,  14  ms.  from  Delaware  bay.  It 
contains  a  Baptist  church,  an  academy,  4  stores, 
1  glass  fac,  4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  in  the  vicinity, 
and  100  dwellings.  Vessels  of  120  tons  come  to 
the  place,  and  wood  and  lumber  are  extensively 
exported. 

Porter,  county,  la.    Situated  in  the  n.  w. 

Sart  of  the  state,  and  contains  415  sq.  ms.  Lake 
Iichigan  bounds  it  on  the  n.  The  land  on  the 
lake  is  elevated  and  barren  ;  but  level  and  more 
fertile  s..  Drained  by  Calumic  r.  and  Coffee 
and  Salt  creeks.  On  Kankakee  r.,  which  runs 
on  its  s.  border,  the  land  is  marshy.  Capital, 
Valparaiso.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
3,002,  sheep  1,188,  swine  7,220;  wheat  30,712 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  60,444,  buckwheat 
1,740,  oats  53,312,  potatoes  17,673,  sugar  16,406  ; 
4  stores,  cap.  $4,500 ;  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  7 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $21,600.  8  sch.  182 
scholars.     Pop.  2,162. 

Porter,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  86  s.  w.  Au- 
gusta, 543  W.  Ossipee  r.  bounds  it  on  the  s., 
and  N.  H.  on  the  w.  Incorporated  in  1807.  It 
is  the  s.  w.  town  in  the  co.  It  has  1  tannery,  3 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $100.  7 
sch.  483  scholars.    Pop.  1,133. 

Porter,  t.,  Niagara  co.,  N.  Y.,  16  n.  w.  Lock- 
port,  7  n.  Lewiston,  300  vv.  Albany.  The  sur- 
face is  level ;  soil,  sandy  and  argillaceous  loam. 
Drained  by  Tuscarora  cr.,  flowing  into  Lake 
Ontario,  which  bounds  it  on  the  n.  Niagara  r. 
bounds  it  on  the  w.  In  the  extreme  n.  w.  part 
of  the  t.,  at  the  mouth  of  the  r.,  stands  old  Fort 
Niagara,  and  directly  opposite,  on  the  Canada 
side,  stands  Fort  George.  It  contains  Youngstown 
v.  Fort  Niagara  was  taken  by  the  British  in 
Dec.  1813,  and  delivered  up  in  March,  1815.  It 
has  11  stores,  cap.  $41,015  ;  1  tannery,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,495.  1  acad.  22  students, 
8  sch.  481  scholars.     Pop.  2,177. 

Porter,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  O.  Watered  by 
Walnut  cr.  It  has  4  sch.  66  scholars.  Pop. 
678. 

Porter,  t,  Scioto  co.,  O.  It  has  4  sch.  132 
scholars.     Pop.  1,015. 

Porter,  t,  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $3,000 ;  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,000. 
Pop.  977. 

Porter,  t,  Cass  co.,  Mich.  It  has  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,152.  1  sch.  40  scholars. 
Pop.  556. 

Porterfield,  p-o.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  206  w. 
N.  w.  Harrisburg,  278  W 


Porter  Ridge,  p-o.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa. 
Porter's,  p-o.    ~ 
Annapolis,  63  W. 


E,   p- 

.,  Ct 


arroll  co.,  Md.,  53  n.  n.  w. 


Porter's  Corners,  p-o.,  Greenfield  t,  Sara- 
toga co.,  N.  Y.,  43  n.  n.  w.  Albany,  413  W. 

Porter's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Early  co.,  Ga.,  221  s. 
w.  Milledgeville,  868  W. 

Porter's  Swamp,  p-o.,  Columbus  co.,  N.  C, 
117  s.  Raleigh,  405  W. 

Portersville,  p-v.,  Montville  t.,  New  Lon- 
don co.,  Ct.,  55  s.  E.  Hartford,  361  W. 

Portersville,  p-v.,  Muddy  Creek  t.,  Butler 
co.,  Pa.,  218  w.  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  260  W.  It 
contains  a  store,  and  about  12  dwellings. 

Portersville,  p-v„  Tipton  co.,  Tenn.,  214 
w.  s.  w.  Nashville,  894  W. 

Portersville,  p-v.,  Dubois  co.,  la.,  124  s.  s. 


w  Indianapolis,  664  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  bank 
of  the  E.  fork  of  White  r.  It  was  formerly  the 
capital  of  the  co. 

Port  Gibson1,  p-v.,  Manchester  t.,  Ontario  co., 
N.  Y.,  189  w.  Albany,  337  W.  Situated  on  the 
Erie  canal,  and  contains  1  church,  4  stores,  1 
warehouse,  1  distillery,  25  dwellings,  and  about 
200  inhabitants. 

Port  Gibson,  p-v.,  capital  of  Claiborne  co., 
Miss.,  45  n.  Natchez,  72  s.  w.  Jackson,  1,082 
W.  Situated  on  Pierre  Bayou,  30  ms.  above  its 
entrance  into  Mississippi  r. 

Port  Glasgow,  p-o.,  Huron  t,  Wayne  co., 
N.  Y.,  186  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  366  W. 

Port  Henry,  p-v.,  Moriah  t.,  Essex  co.,  N. 
Y.,  118  n.  Albany,  489  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Lake  Champlain,  and  has  a  good  steam- 
boat landing.  It  contains  1  church,  1  female 
seminary,  3  stores,  35  dwellings,  and  about  250 
inhabitants.  An  iron  company,  incorporated  in 
1840,  have  2  blast  furnaces,  cupola  furnace,  and 
1  machine  shop.  Excellent  iron  ore  is  found 
abundantly  in  the  vicinity. 

Port  Homer,  p-v.,  Jefferson  co.,  O. 

Port  Hudson,  p-v.,  E.  Feliciana  par.,  La., 
146  n.  w.  New  Orleans,  1,080  W. 

Port  Huron,  p-t.,  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  59  n. 
e.  Detroit,  583  W.  The  v.  is  situated  at  the  con- 
fluence of  Black  r.  and  St.  Clair  r.,  2  miles  from 
Lake  Huron,  and  contains  12  stores,  1  steam  saw 
m.,  a  steam  flouring  m.,  1  tannery,  a  printing 
office,  which  issues  a  weekly  newspaper  Its 
business  is  considerable,  particularly  in  lumber. 
There  are  in  the  t.  4  sch.  75  scholars.     Pop.  1,113. 

Port  Jackson,  p-v.,  Florida  t.,  Montgomery 
co.,  N.  Y.,  33  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  400  W.  Situated 
on  the  s.  side  of  Mohawk  r.,  on  the  Erie  canal, 
and  contains  1  church,  5  stores,  40  dwellings,  and 
about  250  inhabitants. 

Port  Jefferson,  p-v.,  Brookhaven  t.,  Suffolk 
co.,  N.  Y.,  202  s.  s.  e.  Albany,  282  W.  Situated 
at  the  head  of  Drowned  Meadow  harbor,  and 
contains  50  dwellings  and  about  300  inhabitants, 
employed  chiefly  in  ship  building  and  navigation. 

Port  Jervis,  p-v.,  Deerpark  t.,  Orange  co.,  N. 
Y.,  1 17  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  264  W.  Situated  on  the 
N.  E.  side  of  Delaware  r.,  on  the  Delaware  and 
Hudson  canal.  It  contains  2  churches,  4  stores, 
1  grist  m.,  30  dwellings,  and  about  250  inhabit- 
ants. 

Port  Kendall,  p-o.,  Kendall  t.,  Orleans  co., 
N.  Y. 

Port  Kent,  p-v.,  Chesterfield  t.,  Essex  co.,  N. 
Y.,  12  s.  Plattsburg,  151  n.  by  e.  Albany,  526 
W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Lake  Champlain, 
ana  contains  1  church,  3  stores,  2  warehouses,  30 
dwellings,  and  about  250  inhabitants.  A  steam 
ferry-boat  runs  between  this  place  and  Burling- 
ton, Vt. 

Portland,  city,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of 
Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  is  situated  on  a  peninsula 
at  the  western  extremity  of  Casco  bay,  and  is  in 
43°  39'  n.  lat.,  and  7°  20'  w.  Ion.,  from  Green- 
wich, and  6°  45'  e.  from  Washington.  It  is  54 
ms.  N.  N.  E.  from  Portsmouth,  50  s.  s.  e.  Augusta, 
110  n.  n.  e.  from  Boston,  545  n.  e.  from  W.  The 
population  in  1800  was  3,677 ;  in  1810,  7,169  ;  in 
1820,  11,581 ;  in  1830,  12,601 ;  in  1840,  15,218. 
Engaged  in  commerce,  397 ;  in  manufactures 
and  trades,  1,032 ;  navigating  the  ocean,  726  ; 
in  the  learned  professions,  &c,  101.  It  extends 
3  miles  from  east  to  west,  and  has  an  average 
width  of  three  fourths  of  a  mile.  The  city  pre- 
sents a  beautiful  appearance  from  the  sea,  as  it 
rises  like  an  amphitheatre  between  two  hills.  It 
is  regularly  laid  out,  and  handsomely  built,  and 
has  some  fine  public  buildings,  among  which  are 


POR 


*]:, 


POR 


a  court  house,  a  spacious  city  hall,  a  jail,  and  16 
churches.  It  has  also  a  custom  house,  6  banks, 
a  theatre,  and  an  atheneum,  containing  a  library 
of  about  4,000  volumes.  It  has  a  light-house  on 
a  point  at  the  entrance  of  the  harbor,  called  Port- 
land Head,  which  is  of  slone,  72  feet  high,  built 
in  1790.  ( )u  an  eminence,  on  which  Fort  8am- 
ner  formerly  stood,  there  is  an  observatory,  70 
feet  high,  which  commands  a  fine  view  of  the 
harbor  and  its  islands.  The  harbor,  which  is 
among  the  best  in  the  United  States,  is  easy  of 
entrance,  spacious,  and  safe,  being  protected  by 
islands  at  its  entrance  from  the  violence  of  storms. 
It  is  rarely  obstructed  much  by  ice.  It  is  de- 
fended on  opposite  sides  of  the  ship  channel  by 
forts  Preble  and  Scammel,  on  islands  a  mile  and 
a  half  from  the  light-house.  It  is  well  situated 
for  trade,  having  an  extensive  back  country. 
There  were  in  1840,  40  commercial  and  8  com- 
mission houses,  with  a  cap.  of  $658,500 ;  256  retail 
stores,  with  a  cap.  of  $574,450 ;  2  lumber  yards, 
cap.  $4,000;  fisheries,  cap.  $11,300;  machinery 
produced,  $3,000 ;  1  furnace,  cap.  $5,000 ;  2  tan- 
neries, cap.  $9,000 ;  2  potteries,  cap.  $4,000 ;  2 
ropewalks,  cap.  $18,000 ;  9  printing  offices,  5 
binderies,  2  daily,  7  weekly,  3  semi-weekly  news- 
papers, and  3  periodicals,  employed  94  persons, 
and  a  cap.  of  $34,500.  Total  capital  in  manufac. 
$215,350.  11  acad.  and  gram.  sch.  1,118  students, 
32  com.  sch.  1,976  scholars.  The  tonnage  of  this 
city  in  1840  was  56,135,  and  that  of  the  coasting 
trade  about  20,000  tons.  The  principal  articles 
of  export  are  lumber  and  fish,  with  beef,  butter, 
&c.  The  facilities  of  communication  which  this 
city  enjoys  have  been  considerably  increased  by 
the  Oxford  canal,  which  extends  from  it  20  miles 
to  Sebago  pond  ;  and,  by  a  lock  in  Songo  river, 
is  extended  into  Brady  and  Long  ponds,  30  miles 
further.  The  trade  of  the  city  is  chiefly  with 
the  West  Indies  and  Europe,  and  its  coasting 
trade  primarily,  though  not  exclusively,  with 
Boston.  With  the  latter  place  it  is  connected  by 
a  railroad.  Portland  was  formerly  a  part  of  Fal- 
mouth, and  130  houses,  constituting  two  thirds  of 
the  village,  were  laid  in  ashes  by  the  British,  in 
October,  1775.  It  was  incorporated  with,  its 
present  name  in  1786,  and  received  a  city  char- 
ter in  1832. 

Portland,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Ct.,  15  s.  Hart- 
ford, 327  W.  Recently  taken  from  the  n.  part 
of  Chatham.    Connecticut  r.  bounds  it  on  the  w. 

Portland,  p-t.,  Chautauque  co.,  N.  Y.,  7  s. 
Maysville,  332  w.  by  s.  Albany,  352  W.  Lake 
Erie  bounds  it  on  the  n.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil, 
argillaceous  and  sandy  loam.  Its  streams,  which 
are  small,  flow  into  Lake  Erie.  It  has  a  good 
harbor.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $9,500 ;  1  fulling 
m.,  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2  grist  m.,  12  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $21,282.  14  sch.  716  scholars. 
Pop.  2,136. 

Portland,  p-v.,  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  94  s.  s.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  869  W.  Situated  on  s.  side  of  Ala- 
bama r. 

Portland,  t,  Erie  co.,  O.  Situated  on  the  s. 
shore  of  Sandusky  bay,  and  contains  Sandusky 
City.  It  has  18  stores,  cap.  $40,500 ;  6  commis- 
sion houses,  cap.  $35,000;  1  printing  office,  1 
bindery,  1  weekly  newspaper,  1  flouring  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $7,000.  4  sch.  200  scholars.  Pop. 
1,433. 

Portland,  p-t.,  Ionia  co.,  Mich.  123  w.  n.  w. 
Detroit,  617  W.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $3,800;  1 
grist  m.,  1  saw  ra.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,200.  2 
sch.  75  scholars.     Pop.  511. 

Portland,  p-v.,  Jefferson  co.,  Ky.,  52  w. 
Frankfort,  598  W.  Situated  on  Ohio  r.,  immedi- 
ately below  Louisville. 

69 


Portland,  p-v.,  Fountain  co.,  la.,  74  w.  n.  w. 
Indianapolis,  645  W.  8itoated  on  Wabash  r.  It 
contains  1  church.  :'>  stores,  various  mechanic 
shops,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Portland,  p-v.,  Whitesides  co.,  111.,  177  n.  by 
w.  Springfield,  860  W. 

Portland,  p-v.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa. 

Portland,  p-v.,  Callaway  co.,  Mo.,  31  e.  n.  e. 
Jefferson  City,  915  W. 

Portland  Mills,  p-o.,  Putnam  co.,  la.,  51  w. 
Indianapolis,  623  W. 

Port  Leon,  p-v.,  Leon  co.,  Flor,  22  s.  Talla- 
hassee. Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Wakulla  r. 
It  contains  150  buildings,  principally  warehouses. 

Port  Mahon,  p-v.,  Huntington  co.,  la.,  114  n. 
n.  E.  Indianapolis,  562  W. 

Port  Ontario,  p-v.,  port  of  entry,  Kirkland 
t.,  Oswego  co.,  N.  Y.,  170  w.  N.  w.  Albany,  392 
W.  Situated  on  Salmon  r.,  at  its  entrance  into 
the  E.  end  of  Lake  Ontario.  It  contains  1  church, 
1  store,  3  forwarding  houses,  40  dwellings,  and 
about  300  inhabitants.  It  has  a  good  harbor, 
protected  by  a  pier,  built  by  the  government  of 
the  U.  S. 

Port  Penn,  p-v.,  Newcastle  co.,  Del.,  39  n. 
Dover,  134  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Dela- 
ware r.,  opposite  to  Reedy  island. 

Port  Republic,  p-v.,  Atlantic  co.,  N.  J.,  81  s. 
Trenton,  191  W. 

Port  Republic,  p-v.,  Calvert  co.,  Md.,  51  s. 
by  w.  Annapolis,  81  W. 

Port  Republic,  p-v.,  Rockingham  co.,  Va., 
121  n.  w.  Richmond,  140  W. 

Port  Royal,  p-v.,  Juniata  co.,  Pa.,  46  w.  Har- 
risburg,  134  W. 

Port  Roval,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  Ky. 

Port  Royal,  p-v.,  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn.,  43 
n.  w.  Nashville,  725  W. 

Port  Royal,  p-v.,  Caroline  co.,  Va.,  84  n.  Rich- 
mond, 78  W.  It  contains  a  church  and  50  dweH'cs. 

Port  Sheldon,  p-v.,  Ottowa  co.,  Mich.,  200 
w.  n.  w.  Detroit,  681  W.  Situated  on  Lake 
Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of  Pigeon  cr. 

Portsmouth,  p-t.,  and  port  of  entry  in  Rock- 
ingham co.,  in  N.  H.,  is  situated  in  43°  5'  n.  lat., 
and  70°  45'  w.  Ion.,  from  Greenwich,  and  6°  23' 
E.  Ion.  from  Washington.  It  is  14  miles  e.  n.  e. 
from  Exeter,  24  n.  from  INewburyport,  45  E.  s.  E. 
from  Concord,  54  s.  s.  w.  from  Portland,  54  n. 
from  Boston,  and  493  from  W.  The  population 
in  1810  was  6,934 ;  in  1820,  7,327 ;  in  1830,  8,082 ; 
in  1840,  7,837.  It  is  the  largest  town  and  the 
only  seaport  in  the  state,  situated  on  a  peninsula 
on  the  s.  side  of  the  Piscataqua  r.,  3  ras.  from  the 
ocean.  The  situation  is  pleasant  and  healthy, 
the  land  rising  gradually  from  the  harbor.  It  is 
well  built,  and  many  of  the  houses  are  elegant. 
It  has  a  fine  harbor,  with  40  feet  of  water  in  the 
channel  at  low  tide,  and  is  protected  by  its  isl- 
ands and  headlands  from  storms.  The  Piscata- 
qua, opposite  the  t.,  is  from  one  half  to  three 
lburths  of  a  mile  wide ;  and  the  tide,  which  here 
rises  10  feet,  flows  with  so  rapid  a  current  as  to 
keep  the  harbor  free  from  ice.  The  main  chan- 
nel is  on  the  K.  side  of  Great  island,  or  Newcas- 
tle, and  is  defended  by  Fort  Constitution,  on 
Great  island,  and  Fort  McClary,  in  Kittery,  op- 
posite. There  are  also  Fort  Sullivan  and  Fort 
Washington  on  two  other  islands,  wliich  are  not 
garrisoned  in  time  of  peace.  There  is  also  an 
entrance  on  the  s.  side  of  Great  island,  called 
Little  Harbor,  but  the  water  is  shallow.  There 
is  a  light-house  on  Great  island.  This  island 
contains  453  acres,  and  constitutes  the  t.  of  New- 
castle, and  it  is  connected  to  Portsmouth  by  a 
bridge,  erected  in  1821.  Portsmouth  is  also  con- 
nected to  Kittery  by  2  bridges,  one  of  which  is 


POR 


546 


POS 


1,750,  and  the  other  480  feet  in  length.  On  Na- 
vy island,  which  is  on  the  E.  side  of  the  r.,  and 
within  the  bounds  of  Maine,  though  it  is  owned 
by  the  general  government,  is  a  navy  yard  be- 
longing to  the  United  States,  which  has  every 
convenience  for  the  construction  of  vessels  of 
the  largest  class.  Good  water  is  brought  into  the 
town,  and  distributed  through  the  streets,  from 
the  distance  of  3  miles,  by  a  company,  formed 
in  1799.  Portsmouth  contains  much  wealth,  and 
has  considerable  trade,  though  its  back  country 
is  somewhat  limited.  Much  of  the  trade  of  the 
state  flows  to  Portland,  and  more,  probably, 
through  the  Merrimac  river  and  Middlesex  canal 
to  Boston.  This  will  furnish  a  reason  why  the 
population  has  diminished  during  the  last  10 
years.  Among  the  public  buildings  are  8  church- 
es, 7  banking  houses,  a  court  house,  2  market 
houses,  an  academy,  an  atheneum,  an  alms- 
house, and  the  state  lunatic  hospital.  The  Epis- 
copal church  is  a  spacious  and  elegant  brick  edi- 
fice, from  the  cupola  of  which  there  is  a  fine  view 
of  the  town,  the  river,  the  islands,  and  the  sur- 
rounding country.  The  Atheneum,  a  very  flour- 
ishing institution,  was  incorporated  in  1817,  and 
has  a  library  of  more  than  5,000  volumes,  besides 
cabinets  of  minerals  and  of  natural  history. 

Ship  building  and  other  manufactures  are  car 
ried  on  to  a  considerable  extent.  The  cod  and 
other  fisheries  are  actively  prosecuted,  and  Ports- 
mouth has  considerable  foreign  and  coasting 
trade.  The  tonnage  of  the  port  in  1840  was 
27,375.  There  were  in  1840, 18  foreign  commer- 
cial and  6  commission  houses,  with  a  capital  of 
$1,251,500;  137  retail  stores,  with  a  capital  of 
$278,500;  6  lumber  yards,  cap.  $11,000;  fisher- 
ies, cap.  $10,600;  4  furnaces,  cap.  $46,000;  1 
woollen  factory,  cap.  $30,000 ;  5  tanneries,  cap. 
$15,700;  2  distilleries,  cap.  $5,000;  2  flouring 
m.,  2  grist  m.,  I  saw  m.,  total  cap.  $15,000 ;  1 
ropewalk,  cap.  $6,000 ;  3  printing  offices,  3  bind- 
eries, 2  weekly  newspapers,  employed  18  per- 
sons, and  a  cap.  of  $9,100.  Total  cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $187,101.  3  acad.  188  students,  16  common 
sch.  with  2,222  scholars. 

This  town  was  first  settled  in  1623,  and  was 
incorporated  by  charter  in  1633.  It  suffered  less 
than  most  other  places  from  the  attacks  of  the 
savages  in  early  times.  Surrounded  on  three 
sides  by  water,  the  neck  which  connects  it  with 
the  main  land  was  defended  by  a  stockaded 
fence,  by  means  of  which  savage  aggression  was 
easily  resisted.  This  place  has  been  at  different 
times  severely  visited  by  fires.  In  December, 
1802,  102  buildings  were  burned  ;  in  December, 
1806,  14  buildings,  including  St.  John's  Episco- 
pal church,  were  destroyed  ;  in  December,  1813, 
a  more  desolating  fire  swept  over  15  acres,  de- 
stroying 397  buildings,  of  which  100  were  dwell- 
ing houses.  The  parts  which  were  burned  in 
these  fires  have  generally  been  rebuilt  with 
brick,  in  an  improved  form. 

Portsmouth,  p-t.,  Newport  co.,  R.  I.,  7  n.  w. 
Newport,  24  s.  e.  Providence,  417  W.,  occupy- 
ing the  N.  part  of  the  island  of  Rhode  Island 
The  surface  is  moderately  elevated  ;  soil,  a  fer 
tile  gravelly  and  argillaceous  loam,  adapted  to 
grass  and  to  grain,  and  well  cultivated.  Being 
surrounded  by  water  on  3  sides,  it  enjoys  great 
facilities  for  navigation,  and  its  fisheries  are  val- 
uable. Its  vessels  are  chiefly  employed  in  the 
coasting  trade.  It  contains  2  churches.  Coal 
and  plumbago  are  found.  Several  adjoining  isl- 
ands are  attached  to  this  t.,  the  largest  of  which 
is  Prudence,  6  miles  long  and  three  fourths  of  a 
mile  wide,  the  soil  of  which  is  excellent.    Ports- 


mouth is  connected  with  Tiverton  by  a  bridge,  |  Pop.  1,374. 


and  with  Bristol  by  a  ferry.  There  are  in  the  t. 
4  stores,  cap.  $15,500 ;  2  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$3,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  5  grist  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,925. 

Portsmouth,  p-v.,  port  of  entry,  with  Norfolk, 
and  capital  of  Norfolk  co.,  Va.,  105  E.  s.  E.  Rich- 
mond, 213  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Eliza- 
beth r.,  at  its  mouth,  opposite  to  Norfolk,  1  mile 
distant,  and  has  one  of  the  best  harbors  in  the  U. 
States.  Ships  of  the  largest  class  come  to  its 
wharves.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  5 
churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist, 
1  Methodist,  and  1  Roman  Catholic — a  branch  of 
the  Bank  of  Virginia,  a  masonic  hall,  a  theatre,  a 
military  academy,  50  stores,  and  6,500  inhabit- 
ants. A  United  States  navy  yard,  dry -dock,  and 
naval  hospital,  are  located  at  Gosport,  a  suburb 
of  Portsmouth.  By  means  of  the  Portsmouth  and 
Roanoke  railroad,  and  the  Wilmington  railroad, 
a  daily  line  of  communication  is  formed  with 
Charleston. 

Portsmouth,  p-v.,  capital  of  Scioto  co.,  O.,  90 
s.  Columbus,  424  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  bank 
of  Scioto  r.,  at  its  entrance  into  Ohio  r.,  and  at 
the  termination  of  the  Ohio  canal.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  market  house,  jail,  3  or  4  churches, 
a  bank,  a  steam  saw  m.  and  grist  m.,  1  flouring 
m.,  1  rolling  and  slitting  m.,  1  nail  fac,  1  iron 
foundry,  1  carding  machine,  a  printing  office,  25 
or  30  stores,  7  commission  warehouses,  numer- 
ous mechanic  shops,  200  dwellings,  and  about 
1,500  inhabitants.  As  a  place  of  business,  its  sit- 
uation is  commanding.  Iron  ore,  mineral  coal, 
and  fine  building  stone,  are  found  abundantly  in 
the  vicinity. 

Portsmouth,  p-v.,  Carteret  co.,  N.  C.  Situ- 
ated on  the  n.  end  of  Core  bank,  near  Ocracoke 
inlet.  Chiefly  inhabited  by  fishermen  and  pilots. 
Port  Tobacco,  p-v.,  capital  of  Charles  co., 
Md.,  72  s.  w.  Annapolis,  32  W.  Situated  at  the 
head  of  a  bay  which  sets  up  from  Potomac  r  , 
into  which  a  small  r.  empties.  It  contains  a  couri 
house,  jail,  a  church,  several  stores,  120  dwell- 
ings, and  about  600  inhabitants. 

Portville,  p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.  Y.,  24  »> 
Ellicottville,  296  Albany.  The  surface  is  broken  ; 
soil,  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Alleghany  r.  and 
its  branches.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $4,000 ;  1  grist 
m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,100.  5  sch. 
130  scholars.     Pop.  462. 

Port  Washington,  p-v.,  Salem  t.,  Tuscara- 
was co.,  O.,  99  e.  n.  e.  Columbus,  318  W.  Pleas- 
antly situated  on  the  Ohio  canal,  adjoining  the 
Tuscarawas  r.  It  contains  2  or  3  stores,  4  ware- 
houses, various  mechanic  shops,  30  dwellings, 
and  about  200  inhabitants.  A  fine  bridge  here 
crosses  the  Tuscarawas  r. 

Port  William,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Mo. 
Posey,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  s.  w.  cor- 
ner of  the  state,  and  contains  450  sq.  ms.  Ohio 
r.  runs  on  its  s.  border,  and  Wabash  r.  on  its  w 
border.  Drained  by  Big  and  Flat  creeks.  The 
surface  is  undulating ;  soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Mount 
Vernon.  There  were  m  1840,  neat  cattle  9,973, 
sheep  9,521,  swine  35,818 ;  wheat  55,103  bushels 
produced,  rye  1,821,  Indian  corn  607,799,  barley 
1,500,  oats  66,157,  potatoes  7,841 ;  28  stores,  cap 
$253,500 ;  4  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  7  flouring  pa., 
10  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $99,030.  10  sch. 
300  scholars.    Pop.  9,633. 

Posey,  t.,  Clay  co.,  la.    It  has  5  stores,  capital 

$4,850 ;  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.     Cap. 

in  manufac.  $4,200.  2  sch.  68  scholars.  Pop.  1,201. 

Posey,  t.,  Harrison  co.,  la.    It  has  3  flouring 

m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  academy  90  students 


POT 


547 


POT 


Posey,  t,  Fayette  co.,  la.  It  has  2  schools  46 
scholars.     Pop.  1,113. 

Posey,  t.,  Rush  co.,  la.  It  has  2  sch.  50  scholars. 
Pop.  735. 

Posey,  t.,  Washington  co.,  la.  It  has  8  stores, 
cap.  $8,000 ;  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.  1  saw  m.,  4 
sch.  90  scholars.     Pop.  1,591. 

Posey,  t.,  Switzerland  co.,  la.  It  has  145 
scholars  in  schools.     Pop.  2,103. 

Post  Mills  Village,  p-v.,  Orange  co.,  Vt., 
38  s.  by  e.  Montpelier,  503  W. 

Post  Oak  Springs,  p-o.,  Roane  co.,  Tenn., 
136  e.  by  s.  Nashville,  545  W. 

Posts  Corners,  p-o.,  Southport  t.,  Chemung 
co.,  N.  Y.,  201  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  277  W. 

Posts vi lle,  p-v.,  Jefferson  co.,  Va. 

Postville,  p-v.,  Russia  t.,  Herkimer  co.,  N. 
Y.,  98  n.  w.  Albany,  413  W.     It  contains  1  store, 

2  saw  m.,  1  tannery,  and  about  20  dwellings. 
Postville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Logan  co.,  111.,  39 

N.  E.  Springfield.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of  Salt 
cr.,  a  branch  of  Sangamon  r.,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  3  stores,  and  several  dwellings. 

Poteau,  r.,  Ark.,  rises  in  Scott  co.,  and  run- 
ning n.,  chiefly  in  the  Indian  ter.,  enters  Arkan- 
sas r.  at  Fort  Smith. 

Potecuse,  p-o.,  Northampton  co.,  N.  C,  155 
N.  E.  Raleigh,  224  W. 

Potomac,  r.,  Md.  and  Va.,  rises  in  2  branches, 
the  n.  and  the  s ,  in  and  near  the  Alleghany  moun- 
tains, and  forms,  through  nearly  its  whole  course, 
the  boundary  between  Virginia  and  Maryland. 
It  is  550  miles  long,  and  enters  Chesapeake  bay 
between  Point  Lookout  and  Smith's  point,  by  a 
mouth  10  miles  wide.  At  Alexandria  it  is  1  mile 
and  a  quarter  wide,  290  miles  from  the  ocean. 
It  is  navigable  for  ships  of  the  line  to  the  navy- 
yard  in  Washington,  300  miles  from  the  sea,  and 

3  miles  below  the  head  of  tide  water.  Above 
this  it  is  obstructed  by  numerous  falls  and  rapids. 
Little  falls  are  3  miles  above  Washington,  with 
a  descent  of  37  feet,  around  which  is  a  canal,  2* 
miles  long  with  3  locks.  Great  falls  are  8i  miles 
above  this,  and  descend  perpendicularly  76  feet, 
around  which  is  a  canal  01s  5  locks.  Six  miles 
above  are  Seneca  falls,  with  a  descent  of  10  feet. 
Shenandoah  falls,  60  miles  above,  are  at  the  pas- 
sage of  the  river  through  the  Blue  Ridge.  Houre's 
falls  are  5  miles  above.  Canals  have  been  con- 
structed around  all  these  falls.  From  the  mouth 
of  Savage  river,  which  enters  the  Potomac  at 
Westport,  to  Cumberland,  31  miles,  the  fall  is 
445  feet;  from  Cumberland  to  the  Shenandoah 
falls,  130  miles,  the  fall  is  490  feet ;  at  the  She- 
nandoah the  fall  is  43  feet  in  5£  miles  ;  from  the 
Shenandoah  to  Great  falls,  40  miles,  39  feet; 
and  thence  to  tidewater  12  miles,  143  feet.  The 
whole  descent  from  the  mouth  of  Savage  river  to 
tidewater,  219  miles,  is  1,160  feet.  The  princi- 
pal places  on  the  e.  side  of  the  river  are  George- 
town, Washington,  Port  Tobacco,  and  Leonard 
Town  ;  on  the  w.  side,  Harper's  Ferry  and  Alex- 
andria. Its  principal  tributary  is  the  Shenandoah, 
200  miles  long,  and  navigable  100  miles,  which 
enters  it  on  the  s.  side  from  Virginia,  immediately 
before  its  passage  through  the  Blue  Ridge.  This 
passage  is  a  great  curiosity.  Of  it  Mr.  Jefferson 
says,  "  the  passage  of  the  Potomac  through  the 
Blue  Ridge  is,  perhaps,  one  of  the  most  stupen- 
dous scenes  in  nature.  You  stand  on  a  very 
high  point  of  land.  On  your  right  comes  up  the 
Shenandoah,  having  ranged  along  the  foot  of  the 
mountain  a  hundred  miles  to  seek  a  vent.  On 
your  left  approaches  the  Potomac,  in  quest  of  a 
passage  also.  In  the  moment  of  their  junction, 
they  rush  together  against  the  mountain,  rend  it 
asunder"  (referring  to  a  possible  event  of  former 


times)  "and  pass  off  to  tlio  lea."  His  whole 
description  is  sublime  and  beautiful,  of  a  scene, 
which  he  pronounces  "  worth  a  voyage  across 
the  Atlantic"  to  behold.  The  Potomac!  is  42  feet 
deep  at  its  mouth,  30  at  St.  George's  island,  and 
18  feet  at  Swan's  point,  and  thence  to  Alexandria. 

Poton  Valley,  p-o.,  Scott  co.,  Ark.,  138  w. 
by  n.  Little  Rock,  1,203  W. 

Potosi,  p-v.,  capital  of  Washington  co.,  Mo., 
Ill  e.  s.  e.  Jefferson  City,  879  W.  Situated  in 
the  centre  of  one  of  the  richest  mineral  regions 
in  the  United  States,  abounding  with  lead,  iron, 
and  copper  ores.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
an  academy,  4  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Bap- 
tist, 1  Methodist,  and  1  Roman  Catholic — and 
about  500  inhabitants. 

Potosi,  p-v.,  Grant  co.,  Wis. 

Potsdam,  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.  Y.,  212  s. 
n.  w.  Albany,  496  W.  The  surface  is  undulating ; 
soil,  sandy  loam,  and  very  productive.  Watered 
by  Racket  and  Grass  rivers.  The  v.  is  situated 
on  Racket  r.,  at  the  falls,  and  contains  4  churches, 
St.  Lawrence  academy  with  2  four-story  edifices, 
10  stores,  1  satinet  fac,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  2 
clothiers'  works,  1  oil  m.,  2  machine  shops,  1 
pocket  furnace,  1  trip-hammer  works  and  forge, 
120  dwellings,  and  about  800  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.  12  stores,  cap.  $34,000;  1  fulling  m., 
1  woollen  fac,  1  furnace,  3  tanneries,  4  grist  m., 
5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $63,955.  1  acad. 
230  students,  36  sch.  1,363  scholars.    Pop.  4,473. 

Potter,  county,  Pa.  Situated  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  1,110  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  head  branches  of  Alleghany  r.,  Tioga  r.,  and 
Genesee  r.,  and  of  the  w.  branch  of  the  Susque- 
hanna r.,  and  Pine,  Kettle,  Sinnemahoning,  and 
Driftwood  creeks.  The  surface  is  elevated ;  soil, 
loam.  Coal  and  iron  are  found.  Much  of  the 
co.  is  unsettled.  Capital,  Coudersport.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,315,  sheep  4,960,  swine 
2,330;  wheat  11,410  bush,  produced,  rye  2,363, 
Ind.  corn  6,091,  buckwheat  3,818,  oats  24,759,  po- 
tatoes 60,571,  sugar  103,199  pounds;  6  stores, 
cap.  $11,700;  1  tannery,  1  printing  office,  1 
weekly  newspaper,  8  grist  m.,  30  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $150,480.  23  sch.  476  scholars. 
Pop.  3,371. 

Potter,  p-t.,  Yates  co.,  N.  Y.,  201  w.  Albany, 
326  W.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  gravelly 
loam,  and  fertile.  Drained  by  Flint  cr.  It  has  7 
stores,  cap.  $18,300;  2  fulling  m.,  1  furnace,  1 
tannery,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$25,375.     14  sch.  830  scholars.     Pop.  2,245. 

Potter,  t.,  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  10  s.  e.  Bellefonte, 
71  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  170  W.  The  surface  is 
mountainous ;  soil,  calcareous  loam.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $8,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
1  tannery,  1  distillery,  5  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $41,000.  8  sch.  240  scholars.  Pop. 
1,787. 

Potter's  Hollow,  v.,  Rensselaerville  t.,  Al- 
bany co.,  N.  Y.  It  contains  1  Friends  church,  2 
stores,  20  dwellings,  and  about  125  inhabitants. 

Potter's  Mills,  p-v.,  Potter  t.,  Centre  co., 
Pa.,  73  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  165  W. 

Pottersville,  p-o.,  Chester  t.,  Warren  co., 
N.  Y.,  87  n.  by  w.  Albany,  462  W. 

Pottersville,  p-v.,  on  the  line  of  Reading- 
ton  and  Tewksbury  ts.,  Hunterdon  co.,  N.  J.,  48 
N.  N.  w.  Trenton,  222  W.  It  contains  a  store 
and  a  fewT  dwellings. 

Pottersville,  p-o.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.,  143 
E.  n.  E.  Columbus,  299  W.  '  "   '• 

Pottiesville,  p-v.,  Louisa  co.,  Va.,  47  N.  N. 
w.  Richmond,  89  W. 

Potts  Grove,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.  Schuyl- 
kill r.  bounds  it  on  the  s.    The  surface  is  hilly ; 


POU 


548 


POW. 


soil,  red  shale.  Watered  by  Manatavvny  cr.  and 
Spr'ogel's  run.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $5,000 ;  2  fur- 
naces, 2  forges,  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  5  grist 
m  3  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,400. 
Po'p.  1,361. 

Pottstown,  p-b.,  Potts  Grove  t.,  Montgomery 
co.,  Pa.,  37  n.  Philadelphia,  71  E.  Harrisburg,  164 
W.  Situated  near  Schuylkill  r.,  at  the  junction 
of  Manatawny  cr.  It  is  built  chiefly  on  one  street, 
and  the  houses,  of  stone,  brick,  and  wood,  are 
neatly  built.  It  contains  2  churches  and  about 
100  dwellings.  The  Schuylkill  canal  passes 
through  the  place.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $30,000 ; 
1  tannery,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper, 
1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $12,000.  2  acad.  45  students,  1  sch. 
Pop.  721. 

Pottsville,  p-b.,  Norwegian  t.,  Schuylkill 
co.,  Pa..  99  n.  w.  Philadelphia,  62  e.  Harrisburg, 
172  W.  Situated  at  the  termination  of  the  Schuyl- 
kill canal.  It  contains  2  churches,  1  of  which  is 
an  Episcopal,  a  bank,  33  stores,  cap.  $136,900; 
1  furnace,  2  tanneries,  3  breweries,  3  printing 
offices,  3  weekly  newspapers,  1  flouring  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $141,400.  1  acad.  40  students,  8 
sch.  170  scholars.  Pop.  4,345.  In  1824  there 
were  but  5  houses  on  the  spot.  Mount  Carbon, 
a  suburb  and  part  of  the  place,  contains  about  30 
dwellings,  several  large  warehouses,  and  a  fine 
range  of  stores,  3  stories  high.  The  immense 
coal  trade  has  given  to  this  place  its  rapid  growth. 

Pottsville,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Iowa. 

Poughkeepsie,  p-t.,  capital  of  Dutchess  co., 
N.  Y.,  71  s.  Albany,  299  W.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating, and  in  some  places  rough ;  soil,  sand, 
clay,  and  loam,  underlaid  by  limestone.  Drained 
by  Wappinger's  and  Fall  creeks.  The  v.  is  sit- 
uated on  the  E.  side  of  Hudson  r.  Incorporated 
in  1801,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a  colle- 
giate school  with  a  fine  edifice,  Dutchess  acade- 
my, 2  female  seminaries,  a  lyceum,  2  markets,  3 
banking  houses,  besides  a  savings  institution,  a 
county  poorhouse,  13  churches — 1  Presbyterian, 
1  Congregational,  2  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  2  Meth- 
odist, 1  Dutch  Reformed,  2  Friends,  1  Universa- 
list,  1  Roman  Catholic,  and  1  African — 80  stores 
of  different  kinds,  2  breweries,  2  carpet  fac,  3 
flouring  m.,  3  plaster  fac,  2  saw  m.,  2  soap  and 
candle  fac,  2  pin  fac,  2  gun  fac,  3  iron  found- 
ries, 2  potteries,  3  machine  shops,  9  carriage  and 
wagon  fac,  3  printing  offices,  and  numerous  other 
mechanical  and  manufacturing  establishments, 
1,000  dwellings,  and  about  7,500  inhabitants.  It 
is  one  of  the  most  pleasant  and  wealthy  villages 
on  Hudson  r.  The  convention  met  here  in  1788, 
which  adopted  the  constitution  of  the  U.  States. 
There  are  in  the  t.  54  stores,  cap.  $197,000 ;  cap. 
employed  in  the  fisheries  $134,050;  8  lumber 
yards,  cap.  $160,500;  3  cotton  fac.  4,088  sp.,  2 
tanneries,  1  brewery,  2  potteries,  4  flouring  m.,  2 
grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  3  printing  offices,  2  periodi- 
cals, and  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $458,100.  2  acad.  290  students,  14  sch. 
1,077  scholars.     Pop.  10,006. 

Poughkeepsie,  p-v.,  Allen  co.,  la.,  126  n.  n. 
e.  Indianapolis,  534  W. 

Poughquag,  p-o.,  Beekman  t.,  Dutchess  co., 
N.  Y. 

Pounding  Branch,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  N.  C 

Poultney,  r.,  Vt.,  rises  in  Tinmouth  and  flows 
w.  into  East  bay,  in  Lake  Champlain.  It  affords 
good  water  power.  It  is  about  25  ms.  long,  and 
for  a  little  distance  forms  the  boundary  between 
Vt.  and  N.  Y. 

Poultney,  t.,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  60  s.  w.  Mont- 
pelier,  46  n.  Bennington.  The  surface  is  diver 
sifted  ;    soil,  warm  and  fertile.     Watered  by 


Poultney  r.  The  v.,  near  the  centre,  contains  2 
churches — 1  Congregational  and  1  Baptist— sev- 
eral stores,  a  female  academy,  and  about  50 
dwellings.  There  is  another  v.  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  t.  which  contains  a  Methodist  church,  a 
store,  and  a  number  of  handsome  dwellings. 
There  are  in  the  t.  5  stores,  cap.  $20,000 ;  1  full- 
ing m.,  1  woollen  fac,  3  furnaces,  3  tanneries,  5 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $22,830.  1  acad.  112 
students,  15  sch.  648  scholars.     Pop.  1,878. 

Poundridge,  p-t.,  Westchester  co.,  N.  Y.,  15 
n.  e.  White  Plains,  121  s.  Albany,  274  W.  The 
surface  is  hilly  and  stony ;  soil,  gravelly  loam. 
Drained  by  Mechanus  cr.,  which  affords  water 
power.  The  v.  contains  3  churches,  2  stores, 
and  15  or  20  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  6 
stores,  cap.  $8,300 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,325.  9  sch.  441  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  1,407. 

Poverty  Hill,  p-o.,  Edgefield  dist.,  S.  C,  87 
w.  by  s.  Columbia,  581  W. 

Powasheck,  p-o.,  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa. 

Powder  Springs,  p-o.,  Cobb  co.,  Ga.,  112  n 
w.  Milledgeville,  690  W. 

Powels,  r.,  Va.,  rises  in  Powels  mountain,  Va., 
and  passing  into  Tennessee,  unites  with  Clinch  r., 
38  n.  E.  Knoxville.  It  is  navigable  for  boats  for 
nearly  100  ms. 

Powells  Mountain,  p-o.,  Lee  co.,  Va.,  378 
w.  by  s.  Richmond,  446  W. 

Powell's  Point,  p-o.,  Currituck  co.,  N.  C, 
257  e.  n.  e.  Raleigh,  305  W. 

Powell's  Tavern,  p-o.,  Goochland  co.,  Va., 
14  w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  131  W. 

Powellton,  p-o.,  Brunswick  co.,  Va.,  91  s.  s. 
w.  Richmond,  207  W. 

Powellton,  p-v.,  Richmond  co.,  N.  C,  118  s. 
w.  Raleigh,  392  W. 

Powellton,  p-v.,  Hancock  co.,  Ga.,  36  n.  e. 
Milledgeville,  626  W.  Situated  on  Great  Ogee- 
chee  r.,  and  contains  2  churches — 1  Baptist  and 
1  Methodist — 2  academies,  3  stores,  and  about 
26  dwellings. 

Powerville,  p-v.,  Pequannock  t.,  Morris  co., 
N.  J.,  10  n.  e.  Morristown,  64  n.  Trenton,  235 
W.  It  contains  2  stores,  1  forge,  1  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.,  and  about  15  dwellings. 

Powerville,  p-v.,  Bracken  co.,  Ky.,  61  n.  e. 
Frankfort,  489  W. 

Powhatan,  county,  Va.  Situated  near  the 
centre  of  the.  state,  and  contains  300  sq.  miles. 
James  r.  runs  on  its  n.  border,  and  Appomattox 
river  on  is  s.  border.  Capital,  Scottsville.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,759,  sheep  6,594,  swine 
9,160 ;  wheat  53,935  bush,  prod.,  Ind.  corn  188,810, 
oats  133,273,  potatoes  6,737,  tobacco  1,849,750  lbs.; 
13  stores,  cap.  $28,000;  2  tanneries,  10  distille- 
ries, 7  flouring  m.,  16  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $43,500.  5  acad.  125  students,  4  sch. 
94  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,432,  slaves  5,129, 
free  col'd  363 ;  total,  7,924. 

Powhatan  Point,  p-o.,  Mead  t.,  Belmont  co., 
O.,  133  e.  Columbus,  275  W. 

Pownal,  p-t,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  18  N.  E. 
Portland,  42  s.  w.  Augusta,  563  W.  Incorpo- 
rated in  1808.  It  is  a  small  t.,  irregular  in  its 
form.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $1,800  ;  1  tannery,  2 
saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac  $3,245.     Pop.  1,210. 

Pownal,  p-t.,  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  126  s.  by 
w.  Montpelier,  398  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
broken  ;  soil,  fertile,  adapted  to  grazing.  Drained 
by  Hoosic  r.,  which  affords  water  power.  Char- 
tered in  1760.  A  small  v.  at  the  centre  contains 
a  Baptist  church.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $5,000 ; 
1  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,300.  10  sch.  349  scholars 
Pop.  1,613. 


PRA 


549 


PRE 


Powow,  r.,  N.  H.,  rises  in  Kingston  and  falls 
into  Merrimac  r.,  between  Salisbury  and  Ames- 
bury,  Mass.,  where,  by  a  fall  of  100  feet  in  50 
rods,  it  affords  extensive  water  power. 

Prairie,  t..  Franklin  co.,  O.  The  surface  is 
mostly  level,  with  a  considerable  prairie  near  its 
centre.  Watered  by  Darby  cr.  The  national 
road  passes  through  it.  Organized  in  1819.  Pop. 
606. 

Prairie,  t.,  Arkansas  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  142. 

Prairie,  t.,  Holmes  co.,  O.  It  has  3  flouring 
m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,500.     Pop.  1,249. 

Prairie,  t.,  Audrain  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  221. 

Prairie,  t.,  Howard  co.,  111.  It  has  1  sch.  33 
scholars.     Pop.  1,863. 

Prairte,  t.,  Carroll  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $1,700 ;  2  sch.  40  scholars.     Pop.  399. 

Prairie,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Ark.  It  has  2 
tanneries,  3  distilleries.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,275. 
4  sell.  93  scholars.     Pop.  2,182. 

Prairie,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1  sch. 
18  scholars.     Pop.  500. 

Prairie,  t.,  Madison  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1  dis- 
tillery.   Pop.  400. 

Prairie,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1 
sch.  20  scholars.    Pop.  775. 

Prairie  Bluff,  p-o.,  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  85  s. 
Tuscaloosa,  877  W. 

Prairie  Creek,  p-o.,  Vigo  co.,  la.,  88  w.  s.  w. 
Indianapolis,  659  W. 

Prairie  de  Long,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  111.,  116  s. 
by  w.  Springfield,  826  W.  The  creek  from 
which  it  is  named  flows  into  Kaskaskia  r. 

Prairie  du  Chien,  p-v.,  capital  of  Crawford 
county,  Wis.,  125  w.  Madison,  957  W.  Situated 
on  the  e.  bank  of  Mississippi  r.,  3  miles  above  the 
mouth  of  Wisconsin  r.,  300  miles  below  the 
Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  and  600  above  St.  Louis. 
The  prairie  is  10  ms.  long  and  3  wide.  The  v. 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  3  churches — 1  Metho- 
dist, 1  Presbyterian,  and  1  Roman  Catholic — an 
academy,  9  stores,  150  dwellings,  and  1,500  in- 
habitants. Numerous  mounds  of  all  shapes  and 
sizes  are  to  be  found  in  the  vicinity.  The  richest 
copper  mines,  and  large  masses  of  pure  copper, 
are  found  here.  Fort  Crawford,  a  United  States 
military  post,  is  situated  immediately  s.  of  the 
village. 

Prairie  du  Sac,  p-v.,  capital  of  Sauk  co., 
Wis.     Situated  on  the  N.  side  of  Wisconsin  r. 

Prairie  du  Rocher,p-v.,  Randolph  co.,  111., 
14  N.  w.  Kaskaskia,  137  s.  by  w.  Springfield, 
848  W.  It  is  an  old  French  settlement,  on  the 
e.  side  of  the  Mississippi  r.,  on  the  American  bot- 
tom, which  contained  14  families  in  1766,  and 
now  contains  about  35.  It  has  a  Roman  Catho- 
lic church,  and  the  inhabitants  retain  much  of 
their  original  habits  and  manners. 

Prairie  Hill,  p-o  ,  Lowndes  co.,  Ala.,  121  s. 
s.  E.  Tuscaloosa,  864  W. 

Prairie  la  Porte,  p-v.,  capital  of  Clayton 
co.,  Iowa.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Mississippi 
r.,  on  an  elevated  bank,  a  few  ms.  above  the 
mouth  of  Turkey  cr. 

Prairie  Point,  p-o.,  Noxubee  co.,  Miss.,  137 
N.  N.  e.  Jackson,  873  W. 

Prairie  River,  p-o.,  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  122 
s.  s.  w.  Detroit,  575  W.  The  river  which  gives 
name  to  it  is  40  or  50  miles  long,  and  flows  into 
St.  Joseph  r. 

Prairie  Ronde,  t.,  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.  It 
has  1  tannery,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$1,400.    4  sch.  94  scholars.    Pop.  623. 

Prairieton,  p-v.,  Prairie  t.,  Vigo  co.,  la.,  80 
w.  s.  w.  Indianapolis,  651  W.  Situated  on  the 
s.  side  of  Prairie  cr.,  which  flows  into  Wabash 
river. 


I'u  urieton,  p-v.,  Lawrence  co.,  111.,  147  s.  E. 
Springfield,  709  W. 

Prairie  Villack.  p-v..  Milwaukee  co.,  Wis., 
6")  i:.  Madison,  S20  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side 
of  a  head  branch  of  Fox  r. 

ritvuiiEviLLE,  t.,  Milwaukee  co.,  Wis.  It 
has  2  stores,  cap.  $2,400 ;  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1 
sch.  13  scholars.     Pop.  450. 

Prairieville,  p-v.,  Clinton  co.,  la.,  52  N.  N. 
w.  Indianapolis,  610  W. 

Prairieville,  p-v.,  Randolph  co.,  111.,  126  s. 
Springfield,  835  W. 

Prallsville,  p-v.,  Amwell  t.,  Hunterdon  co., 
N.  J.,  20  n.  N.  w.  Trenton,  177  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  Delaware  r.,  and  contains  1  store,  n 
grist  m.  on  Wickhechecoke  cr.,  and  10  or  12 
dwellings. 

Pratt,  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,  O.,  74  w.  n.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 468  W. 

Prattsburg,  p-t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  209 
w.  by  s.  Albany,  315  W.  The  surface  is  un- 
even ;  soil,  fertile,  adapted  to  grain,  but  better  to 
grass.  Drained  by  Conhocton  river.  The  v. 
contains  1  Presbyterian  church,  an  academy,  4 
stores,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  tannery,  50  dwell- 
ings, and  about  400  inhabitants.  There  are  in 
the  t.  4  stores,  cap.  $16,300 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tan- 
nery, 3  grist  m.,  22  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$21,100.  1  acad.  204  students,  18  sch.  823  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  2,455. 

Prattsburg,  p-v.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C,  34  n.w 
Raleigh,  294  W. 

Prattsburg,  p-v.,  Talbot  co.,  Ga.,  80  w.  s. 
w.  Milledgeville,  736  W. 

Pratt's  Hollow,  p-o.,  Eaton  t.,  Madison  co., 
N.  Y.,  106  w.  by  N.  Albany,  363  W. 

Prattsville,  p-t,  Greene  co.,  N.  Y.,  38  w. 
Catskill,  54  s.  w.  Albany,  360  W.  The  surface 
is  broken  and  mountainous  ;  soil,  fertile  on  Scho- 
harie cr.,  which  flows  through  the  t.  The  up- 
land is  adapted  to  grazing.  The  v.  is  pleasantly 
situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Schoharie  cr.,  and  con- 
tains 1  Dutch  Reformed  and  1  Methodist  church, 
an  academy,  a  printing  office,  and  stereotype 
foundry,  3  tanneries  producing  1 10,000  sides  of 
sole  leather  annually,  1  woollen  fac,  2  furnaces, 
2  machine  shops,  150  dwellings,  and  about  1,000 
inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  7  stores,  cap. 
$24,000;  1  flouring  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  4  tan- 
neries, 2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufec. 
$281,200.  1  acad.  25  students,  6  sch.  150  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,613. 

Preble,  county,  O.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  432  sq.  ms 
The  surface  is  level  or  gently  rolling  ;  soil,  very 
fertile.  Drained  by  Franklin,  Four  Mile,  and  St. 
Clair  creeks.  Capital,  Eaton.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  15,865,  sheep  29,255,  swine 
40,785;  wheat  198,107  bushels  produced,  rye 
8,955,  Ind.  corn  1,110,611,  buckwheat  1,340,  bar- 
ley 3,571,  oats  270,804,  potatoes  24,775,  sugar 
49,296  pounds  ;  37  stores,  cap.  $130,896;  1  full- 
ing m.,  3  woollen  fac,  9  tanneries,  5  distilleries, 
16  flouring  m.,  18  grist  m.,  34  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  2 
printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $91,700.     Pop.  19,482. 

Preble,  p-t.,  Cortland  co.,  N.  Y.,  131  w.  Alba- 
ny, 324  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil  calcareous 
gravel  and  argillaceous  loam,  and  very  produc- 
tive. Drained  by  Toughnioga  r.  The  v.  con- 
tains 2  churches,  45  dwellings,  and  about  300  in- 
habitants. There  are  in  the  1. 1  store,  cap.  $4,500 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $10,600.  10  sch.  464  scholars.  Pop. 
1,247. 

Preble,  t,  Pike  co.,  O.    Pop.  513. 

Prescott,  p-t.,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  16  n.  e. 


PRI 


550 


PR. 


Northampton,  77  w.  Boston,  395  W.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  and  rough  ;  soil,  adapted  to  grazing. 
Watered  by  branches  of  Swift  r.,  a  principal  con- 
stituent of  Chicapee  r.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $2,900 ; 
1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,350. 
5  sch.  230  scholars.     Pop.  780. 

Presque  Isle,  county,  Mich.  Situated  in  the 
N.  e.  part  of  the  peninsula,  and  contains  720  sq. 
ms.  Bounded  n.  e.  by  Lake  Huron,  into  which 
its  streams  flow.     It  is  unorganized. 

Preston,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  501  sq.  ms.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous  and  rough ;  soil,  in  some 
parts  very  fertile.  Drained  by  Cheat  r.,  the  prin- 
cipal constituent  of  Monongahela  r.  Capital, 
-Kingwood.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
7,459,  sheep  12,249,  swine  9,069;  wheat  2,801 
bush,  produced,  rye  17,877,  Indian  com  42,887, 
buckwheat  16,057,  oats  128,966,  potatoes  35,209, 
tobacco  3,892  pounds,  sugar  27,132;  11  stores, 
cap.  $103,900 ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fee.,  2  cot- 
ton fac.90  sp.,  11  tanneries,  22  distilleries,  29  grist 
m.,  28  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $45,195.  Pop. 
whites  6,743,  slaves  91,  free  col'd  30;  total, 
6,866. 

Preston,  p-t.,  New  London  co.,  Ct.,  45  s.  e. 
Hartford,  363  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  and 
rocky ;  soil,  gravelly  loam,  and  pretty  fertile. 
Thames  and  Quinnebaug  rivers  bound  it  on  the 
\v\  and  n.  w.  It  has  2  villages — 1  in  the  e.  part, 
called  Preston  City,  which  contains  a  Congrega- 
tional and  a  Baptist  church,  several  stores,  and 
about  35  dwellings.  Poquetannuck,  the  other  v., 
is  in  the  s.  part,  and  lies  partly  in  Ledyard,  and 
contains  about  40  dwellings,  situated  at  the  head 
of  a  cove,  which  sets  up  from  Thames  r.  Amos's 
pond  lies  a  little  s.  of  Preston  City,  the  outlet  of 
which  forms  Poquetannuck  r.  First  settled  in 
1686.  There  are  in  the  t.  9  stores,  cap.  $11,000; 
1  cotton  fac.  200  sp.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $24,550.  13  sch.  469  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  1,727. 

Preston,  p-t.,  Chenango  co.,  N.  Y.,  118  w.  by 
s.  Albany,  342  W.  The  surface  is  moderately 
uneven;  soil,  fertile.  Drained  by  branches  of 
Chenango  r.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,000 ;  3  fulling 
m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  7  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,600.  12  sch.  340  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  1,117. 

Preston,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  184  n.  e.  Har- 
risburg,  280  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil, 
gravel  and  loam,  well  timbered  with  white  and 
yellow  pine,  hemlock  and  chestnut.   It  has  7  sch. 

124  scholars.     Pop.  534. 
Preston,  p-o.,  Marion  co.,  Ga. 
Preston,  p-o.,  Crosby  t.,  Hamilton  co.,  O.,  122 

w.  s.  w.  Columbus,  510  W.    Situated  in  New 

Haven  v. 
Preston,  p-o.,  Yallabusha  co.,  Miss.,  129  n.  by 

K.  Jackson,  974  W. 
Prestonburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Floyd  co.,  Ky., 

120  e.  s.  e.  Frankfort,  461  W.     Situated  on  the  w. 

fork  of  Sandy  r.    It  contains  a  court  house,  and 

84  inhabitants. 

Preston  Hollow,  p-v.,  Rensselaerville  t,,  Al- 
bany co.,  N.  Y.,  38  w.  by  s.  Albany,  365  W.    It 

contains  1  church,  4  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m., 

1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  40  dwellings,  and  about 

250  inhabitants. 

Prestonville,  p-v.,  Rhea  co.,  Tenn.,  147  e. 

s.  e.  Nashville,  536  W.    Situated  on  the  n.  side 

of  Tennessee  r. 
Prewett's  Knob,  p-o.,  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  119 

s.  w.  Frankfort,  642  W. 
Prible's  Mills,  p-o.,  Wood  co.,  Va.,  336  w. 

N  w.  Richmond,  305  W. 


Price,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  9 
saw  m.     Pop.  391. 

Pricetown,  p-v.,  Ruscomb  Manor  t.,  Berks 
co.,  Pa.,  62  e.  by  n.  Harrisburg,  155  W.  It  con- 
tains 1  store,  1  tannery,  and  25  or  30  dwellings. 

Priceville,  p-v.,  Price  t.,  Wayne  co.,  Pa., 
199  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  295  W. 

Priggs,  p-o.,  Jackson  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  O., 
12  s.  w.  Dayton,  182  w.  by  s.  Columbus,  475  W. 

Prillimans,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  203  w.  s. 
w.  Richmond,  278  W. 

Prince  Edward,  co.,  Va.  Situated  centrally, 
toward  the  s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  375 
sq.  ms.  Appomattox  r.  runs  on  its  n.  border,  by 
branches  of  which  it  is  drained.  The  soil  is 
fertile  and  well  cultivated.  It  contains  Hampden 
Sidney  College,  which  was  founded  in  1783— has 
a  president,  and  4  professors  or  other  instructors, 
65  students,  and  has  8,000  vols,  in  its  libraries. 
The  commencement  is  on  the  fourth  Wednesday 
in  September.  A  preparatory  academy  is  con- 
nected with  the  institution.  Capital,  Prince  Ed- 
ward C.  H.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
7,631,  sheep  11,698,  swine  15,428;  wheat  57,293 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  303,997,  oats  129,210, 
potatoes  13,147,  tobacco  3,106,950  pounds,  cotton 
11,121 ;  33  stores,  cap.  $123,800  ;  3  tanneries,  22 
flouring  m.,  28  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $204,220.  2  colleges,  66  students,  3  acad.  52 
students,  23  sch.  465  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,923, 
slaves  8,576,  free  col'd  570 ;  total,  14,069. 

Prince  Edward,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Prince 
Edward  co.,  Va.,  77  w.  s.  w.  Richmond,  167  W. 

Prince  Edward,  p-o.,  Gilmer  co.,  Ga.,  165  n. 
w.  Milledgeville,  645  W. 

Prince  Fredericktown,  p-v.,  capital  of  Cal- 
vert co.,  Md.,  46  s.  by  w.  Annapolis,  76  W.  Sit- 
uated on  Parker's  cr.,  which  flows  into  Chesa- 
peake bay.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a 
church,  several  stores,  and  about  500  inhabitants. 

Prince  George,  county,  Va.  Situated  toward 
the  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  305  sq.  ms. 
Appomattox  r.  runs  on  its  n.  w.,  and  James  r.  on 
its  n.  E.  border.  Drained  by  Blackwater  r.  Cap- 
ital, Prince  George  C.  H.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  3,095,  sheep  2,727,  swine,  5,911 ;  wheat 
31,439  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  176,640,  oats 
35,231,  potatoes  6,483,  tobacco  115,000  pounds, 
cotton  23,340 ;  8  stores,  cap.  $4,800 ;  7  distilleries, 
9  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,000. 
6  sch.  1 17  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,692,  slaves 
4,004,  free  col'd  469;  total,  7,175. 

Prince  George's,  county,  Md.  Situated  in  the 
w.  part  of  the  state,  adjoining  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia, and  contains  575  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is 
uneven ;  soil,  fertile.  Patuxent  r.  runs  on  its  e. 
border,  and  Potomac  r.  on  a  part  of  its  w.  border. 
Capital,  Upper  Marlboro.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  10,482,  sheep  13,833,  swine  24,201 ; 
wheat  80,147  bush,  produced,  rye  38,209,  Ind. 
corn  507,266,  oats  107,070,  potatoes  21,570,  tobac- 
co 9,259,423  pounds;  31  stores,  cap.  $81,600;  1 
flouring  m.,  19  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  1  printing  office, 
1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $53,800. 
4  acad.  42  students,  12  sch.  253  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  7,823,  slaves  10,636,  free  col'd  1,080 ;  total, 
19,539. 

Prince  George,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Prince 
George  co.,  Va.,  28  s.  s.  e.  Richmond,  147  W. 

Princes  Bav,  N.  Y.  Situated  on  the  s.  e.  side 
of  Staten  Island,  celebrated  for  its  fine  oysters. 
It  furnishes  a  safe  anchorage  in  a  n.  e.  storm. 

Princess  Ann,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the 
S.E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  374  sq.  ms. 
j  The  surface  is  level,  though  somewhat  elevated. 
The  Atlantic  ocean  bounds  it  on  the  e.,  and 
I  Chesapeake  bay  on  the  n.    Back  bay,  a  branch 


PRI 


551 


PRO 


of  Currituck  sound,  sets  up  in  its  s.  part.  Drained 
by  North  r.  and  the  e.  branch  of  Elizabeth  r. 
Capital,  Princess  Ann  C.  II.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  10,588,  sheep  6,822,  swine  20,761 ; 
wheat  6,655  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  298,960, 
oats  84,771,  potatoes  37,029,  cotton  951  pounds  ; 
5  stores,  cap.  $2,422;  3  tanneries,  10  distilleries, 
16  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,648.  1  acad.  49 
students,  8  sch.  179  scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,996, 
slaves  3,087,  free  col'd  202 ;  total,  7,285. 

Princess  Ann,  p-v.,  capital  of  Somerset  co., 
Md.,  110  s.  s.  e.  Annapolis,  150  W.  Situated  on 
the  s.  E.  side  of  Manokin  r.,  near  the  head  of  tide- 
water. It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a  bank,  3 
churches— 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  and  1 
Methodist,  and  about  120  dwellings.  It  is  regu- 
larly laid  out,  with  streets  crossing  each  other  at 
right  angles.  The  public  buildings  are  of  brick, 
and  the  private  dwellings  are  of  brick  or  of  wood, 
neatly  painted.  Washington  academy  is  in  the 
vicinity. 

Princess  Ann,  p-o.,  Robeson  co.,  N.  C,  111 
s.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  399  W. 

Princess  Ann,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Princess 
Ann  co.,  Va.,  132  s.  e.  Richmond,  256  W.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  2  Methodist  churches,  1  store, 
20  dwellings,  and  about  150  inhabitants. 

Princeton,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  219  n. 
e.  Augusta,  805  W.  Schoodic  lake  and  its  out- 
let bounds  it  on  the  n.  w.  and  n.  A  pond  in  its 
s.  part  gives  rise  to  East  Machias  r.  It  has  2  sch. 
50  scholars.    Pop.  157. 

Princeton,  p-t., Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  16  n.  by 
w.  Worcester,  47  w.  by  n.  Boston,  417  W.  It 
contains  Wachusett  mountain,  an  isolated  sum- 
mit, which  is  3,000  feet  high,  and  1,900  feet  above 
the  surrounding  country,  and  it  presents  a  grand 
view  from  its  top.  The  surface  of  the  t.  is  hilly  ; 
soil,  fertile.  Drained  by  branches  of  Nashua  r. 
and  Wave  r.  It  contains  4  churches — 1  Congre- 
gational, 1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Univer- 
salist.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $7,000 ;  2  tanneries, 
3  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,470. 
10  sch.  404  scholars.     Pop.  1,347. 

Princeton,  p-t.,  Schenectady  co.,  N.  Y.,  8  w. 
Schenectady,  19  n.  w.  Albany,  339  W.  The 
surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  clay,  sand,  and  loam.  Drain- 
ed by  Norman's  Kill.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,000 ; 
3  saw  m.  4  sch.  91  scholars.  Population, 
1,201. 

Princeton,  p-b.,  Mercer  co.,  N.  J.,  11  n.  e. 
Trenton,  177  W.  It  is  pleasantly  situated,  and 
neatly  built,  chiefly  on  one  extended  street,  and 
contains  4  churches — 2  Presbyterian,  1  Episco- 
pal, and  1  African— numerous  stores,  and  200 
dwellings,  and  about  1,200  inhabitants,  exclusive 
of  those  connected  with  the  literary  institutions. 
The  Delaware  and  Raritan  canal  runs  within  1 
mile  of  the  b.,  and  the  office  of  the  company  is 
established  here.  It  derives  its  greatest  import- 
ance from  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  established 
here,  founded  in  1746,  at  Elizabethtown,  remov- 
ed to  Princeton  in  1757,  which  has  a  president, 
and  12  professors  or  other  instructors,  2,183  alum- 
ni, of  whom  444  have  been  ministers  of  the  gos- 

1,  263  students,  and  11,000  vols,  in  its  libraries. 

he  commencement  is  on  the  last  Wednesday 
in  September.  Its  buildings  are  neat,  convenient, 
and  spacious.  The  Princeton  Theological  Semi- 
nary of  the  Presbyterian  church  is  located  here, 
founded  in  1812,  has  5  professors,  113  students, 
714  educated,  and  7,000  vols,  in  its  libraries.  Its 
buildings  are  neat  and  extensive.  There  are  in 
the  t.  9  stores,  cap.  $47,600  ;  1  lumber  yard,  cap. 
$2,500 ;  1  tannery,  2  printing  offices,  1  bindery, 
1  weekly  newspaper,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $67,300.    2  colleges,  328  students,  2 


B 


acad.  90  students,  4  sch.  110  scholars.  Pop. 
3,055. 

Princeton,  p-v.,  Mercer  co.,  Va. 

Princeton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Washington  co., 
Miss.,  119  n.  w.  Jackson,  1,154  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  Mississippi  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  8  stores,  and  250  inhabitants. 

Princeton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Caldwell  co.,  Ky., 
225  w.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  757  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  and  about  400  inhabitants. 

Princeton,  p-v.,  Liberty  t.,  Butler  co.,  O, 

102  w.  s.  w.  Columbus,  486  W. 
Princeton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Gibson  co.,  la., 

142  s.  w.  Indianapolis,  712  W.  Situated  4  ms.  s. 
of  Patoka  cr.,  which  is  navigable  3  months  in  the 
year.  It  contains  a  spacious  court  house,  jail, 
and  a  seminary,  all  of  brick,  2  churches,  5  stores, 
and  about  800  inhabitants. 

Princeton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Bureau  co.,  111., 
135  n.  Springfield,  808  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  and  a  number  of  dwellings.  It  was 
laid  out  in  1833. 

Princeton,  p-v.,  Scott  co.,  Iowa.  Situated  on 
the  w.  side  of  Mississippi  r.    ' 

Princetown,  p-v.,  Berks  co.,  Pa. 

Princeville,  p-v.,  Peoria  co.,  III.,  92  n. 
Springfield,  806  W. 

Prince  William,  county,  Va.  Situated  in 
the  n.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  370  sq. 
ms.  It  has  the  Potomac  on  the  E.  Drained  by 
Occoquan  r.  Surface  hilly ;  soil,  moderately 
fertile.  Capital,  Brentsville.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  6,614,  sheep  8,202,  swine  8,900; 
wheat  47,471  bush,  produced,  rye  3,704,  Ind. 
corn  180,463,  buckwheat  2,181,  oats  105,374,  po- 
tatoes 6,476,  tobacco  4,974  pounds ;  18  stores, 
cap.  $66,500  ;  1  cotton  fac.  1,088  sp.,  5  distilleries, 
10  flouring  m.,  13  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $22,350.  5  sch.  118  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
4,867,  slaves  2,767,  free  col'd  510  ;  total,  8,144. 

Prince  William,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  la.,  56  n 
n.  w.  Indianapolis,  614  W. 

Princepeo,  p-o.,  Cecil  co.,  Md. 

Privateer,  p-o.,  Sumter  dist.,  S.  C,  70  E.Co- 
lumbia, 505  W. 

Proctorsville,  p-v.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  73  E. 
Montpelier,  468  W. 

Proctorsville,  p-v.,  Crawford  co.,  la.,  109 
s.  by  w.  Indianapolis,  631  W.  Situated  on  the 
w.  side  of  Great  Blue  r. 

Promised  Land,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Md. 

Prompton,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  169  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  260  W. 

Prospect,  p-t.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  53  e.  by  n. 
Augusta,  649  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Pe- 
nobscot r.,  at  its  entrance  into  Penobscot  bay.  It 
has  a  fertile  soil,  and  great  commercial  advan- 
tages. Incorporated  in  1794.  It  has  15  stores, 
cap.  $41,700 ;  1  fulling  in.,  2  tanneries,  2  grist 
m.,  12  saw.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $35,350.  20  sch. 
1,416  scholars.    Pop.  3,492. 

Prospect,  _p-t.,  New  Haven  co.,  Ct.,  54  & 
Hartford,  320  W.  Organized  in  1827,  from  Che- 
shire and  Waterbury.  The  surface  is  elevated, 
hilly,  mountainous,  and  stony ;  soil,  adapted  to 
grazing.  It  contains  1  Congregational  and  1 
Methodist  church.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,800  ; 
1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,660.  4  sch.  83  scholars. 
Pop.  543. 

Prospect,  p-o.,  Remsen  t.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y^ 

103  w.  N.  w.  Albany,  403  W. 

Prospect,  p-v.,  Muddy  Creek  t.,  Butler  co., 
Pa.,  212  w.  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  254  W.  It  contains 
1  store,  and  8  or  10  dwellings. 

Prospect,  p-o.,  Prince  Edward  co.,Van  80  w. 
s.  w.  Richmond,  170  W. 


PRO 


552 


PRO 


Prospect,  p-o.,  Radnor  t.,  Delaware  co.,  O., 
37  n.  Columbus,  421  W. 

Prospect,  p-o.,  Giles  co.,  Term.,  97  s.  by  w. 
Nashville,  746  W. 

Prospect  Hall,  p-o.,  Bladen  co.,  N.  C,  82  s. 
Raleigh,  370  W. 

Prospect  Harbor,  p-o.,  Prospect  t.,  Waldo 
co.,  Me.,  119  e.  Augusta,  701  W. 

Prospect  Hill,  p-o.,  Pittstown  t.,  Rensselaer 
co.,  N.  Y.,  24  n.  e.  Albany,  394  W. 

Prospect  Hill,  p-o.,  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  131  n. 
by  e.  Richmond,  12  W. 

Prospect  Hill,  p-o.,  Caswell  co.,  N.  C,  60 
N.  w.  Raleigh,  372  W. 
Prospect  Hill,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn. 
Prospect  Ridge,  p-o.,  Pike  co.,  Ala.,  161  s. 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  876  W. 

Prosperity,  p-o.,  Moore  co.,  N.  C,  68  s.  w. 
Raleigh,  356  W.  ; 

Providence,  county,  R.  I.  Situated  m  the 
N.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  380  sq.  miles. 
The  surface  is  uneven  and  rough ;  soil,  gravelly 
and  calcareous  loam.  Watered  by  Pawtucket, 
Providence  or  Narraganset,  Wanasquatucket, 
Mashasuck,  and  Pawtuxet  rivers,  and  their 
branches.  Several  of  these  afford  extensive  wa- 
ter power.  The  agriculture  of  the  co.  is  respect- 
able, but  its  manufactures  are  very  extensive, 
and  more  important,  and  its  commercial  advan- 
tages are  great.  Capital,  Providence.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  13,157,  sheep  11,861, 
swine  10,669 ;  wheat  641  bush,  produced,  rye 
16,870,  lnd.  corn  1£7,577,  buckwheat  1,573,  bar- 
ley 13,374,  oats  16,249,  potatoes  347,389;  78 
houses  in  foreign  trade,  cap.  $1,583,850;  550 
stores,  cap.  $1,987,200 ;  19  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$185,500;  cap.  invested  in  fisheries,  $130,000; 
5  furnaces,  18  fulling  m.,  6  woollen  fac,  130  cot- 
ton fac.  367,251  sp.,  15  dyeing  and  printing  estab., 
8  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  2  breweries,  2  rope  fac, 
59  grist  m.,  73  saw  m.,  2  paper  fac,  10  printing 
offices,  6  binderies,  2  periodicals,  2  daily,  5  week- 
ly, 4  semi-weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$7,165,887.  2  colleges,  324  students,  37  acad.  2,935 
students,  209  sch.  9,705  scholars.  Pop.  58,073. 

Providence,  city,  and  port  of  entry  in  a  coun- 
ty of  the  same  name,  is  the  semi-capital  of  R.  I., 
is  situated  at  the  head  of  Narraganset  bay,  on  the 
w.  side  of  Seekonk  or  Providence  river,  35  miles 
from  the  ocean,  and  is  in  41°  51'  n.  lat.  and  71° 
16'  w.  Ion.  from  Greenwich,  and  5°  37'  e.  Ion. 
from  W.— 30  n.  from  Newport,  42  s.  s.  w.  from 
Boston,  55  n.  e.  from  New  London,  70  e.  from 
Hartford,  173  e.  from  New  York,  3D6  from  W.  Pop. 
in  1820,  i  1,767 ;  1830, 16,832 ;  1840,  23,171.  Em- 
ployed in  commerce  929;  manufactures  and 
trades  3,948  ;  navigating  the  ocean  422 ;  do.  rivers, 
&c  90;  learned  professions,  &c.  165. 

It  contains  an  area  of  about  9  square  miles  ; 
and  the  compact  part  is  nearly  equally  divided 
by  Providence  river.  The  principal  business  is 
done  on  2  long  and  somewhat  irregular  streets 
on  the  E.  side  of  the  river  ;  but  there  are  several 
wholesale  stores  on  the  w.,  where  also  is  done 
a  large  retail  business.  There  are  many  fine 
houses,  mostly  on  the  e.  side  of  the  r.  It  is  the 
second  city  in  New  England  in  population.  The 
two  parts  of  the  city  are  connected  by  2  bridges, 
one  of  which  is  90  feet  in  width.  Vessels  of  900 
tons  come  to  its  wharves.  Its  commerce  is  ex 
tensive,  and  it  has  been  successfully  engaged  in 
a  trade  with  China.  The  Blackstone  canal  from 
Worcester,  Mass.,  terminates  here.  It  has  also 
a  railroad  from  Boston,  which  is  extended  to 
Stonington,  Ct.  Several  steamboats  connect  it 
daily  with  the  city  of  New  York,  and  other  pack- 
et lines  connect  it  with  that  and  other  cities. 


Among  the  public  buildings  are  the  State  House 
built  of  brick ;  2  Congregational,  1  Baptist,  and 
the  Episcopal  church,  which  are  among  the  finest 
buildings  of  the  kind  in  the  United  States  ;  the 
Arcade,  on  the  w.  side  of  the  river,  extending  be- 
tween two  streets,  with  a  fine  Doric  portico  on 
each,  consisting  of  5  massive  columns,  25  feet 
high,  the  shafts  of  which,  22  feet  in  length,  are 
from  single  blocks  of  granite,  of  which  material 
the  building  is  constructed,  226  feet  long,  72  feet 
wide,  and  3  stories  high,  occupied  below  by 
stores,  and  above  with  offices,  &c  Brown  Uni- 
versity occupies  a  commanding  situation  on  the 
e.  side  of  the  river,  and  has  2  large  brick  edifices, 
4  stories  high.  It  has  a  president,  and  8  profes- 
sors and  instructors,  had  had  in  1841,  1,390  alum- 
ni, 474  of  whom  were  ministers,  about  172  stu- 
dents, and  14,000  volumes  in  its  various  libraries. 
The  philosophical  apparatus  is  extensive  and 
complete.  The  commencement  is  on  the  first 
Wednesday  of  September.  A  majority  of  the 
board  of  trustees  and  of  the  faculty  are  required 
to  be  of  the  Baptist  denomination.  It  was  origi- 
ginally  established  in  Warren,  in  1764,  and  was 
removed  to  Providence  in  1770.  The  Friends 
Boarding  School,  belonging  to  the  yearly  meet- 
ing of  this  denomination  in  New  England,  is 
situated  three  quarters  of  a  mile  n.  e.  of  the  Uni- 
versity, has  a  spacious  edifice  of  stone  and  brick, 
in  a  commanding  situation,  has  10  instructors,  and 
about  200  pupils,  and  is  a  flourishing  institu- 
tion. The  Athenaeum,  founded  in  1836,  has  a 
handsome  granite  building,  and  a  library  of  7,000 
volumes.  The  state  prison,  lately  erected,  and  a 
theatre,  a  new  and  fine  buitding.  It  has  21  banks, 
with  an  aggregate  capital  of  eight  millions,  and  3 
insurance  companies.  The  city  contains  21 
churches— 5  Baptist,  3  Episcopal,  3  Congrega- 
tional, 1  Friends,  2  Methodist,  2  Unitarian,  1  Uni- 
versalis!, 2  Roman  Catholic,  and  2  African. 

The  city  is  not  less  distinguished  for  its  manu- 
factures than  for  its  commerce.  The  most  ex- 
tensive manufacturing  establishments  are  situa- 
ted at  North  Providence,  where  the  falls  of  the 
Pawtucket  afford  an  extensive  water  power. 
The  tonnage  of  this  port  in  1840,  was  16,610. 

There  were  in  1840,  23  for.  commercial  and  55 
commission  houses,  cap.  $1,582,850 ;  392  retail 
stores,  cap.  $1,758,040;  18  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$170,500;  fisheries,  cap.  $130,000;  machinery 
manufactured  to  the  amount  of  $270,300;  pre- 
cious metals,  $257,900;  various  metals,  $147,550; 

1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac.  cap.  $10,000;  32  cot- 
ton fac.  76,554  sp.,  8  dyeing  and  printing  estab., 
total  cap.  $1,449,000;  3  tanneries,  cap.  $22,000; 

2  distilleries,  2  breweries,  cap.  $63,000 ;  paints, 
drugs,  &c,  cap.  $20,000;  1  paper  fac.  produced 
$15,000;  5  grist  m.,  cap.  $6,500;  8  printing  of- 
fices, 5  binderies,  2  daily,  3  weekly,  4  semi- week- 
ly newspapers,  and  2  periodicals,  cap.  $23,100. 
Total  cap.  in  manufac.  $3,012,538.  1  colleges, 
324  students,  21  acad.  2,299  students,  42  sch. 
6,629  scholars. 

This  town  was  settled  in  1636,  by  Roger  Wil- 
liams, who  fled  from  Massachusetts,  on  account 
of  his  religious  opinions,  and  who  adopted  in  his 
establishment  the  principles  of  universal  tolera- 
tion. Providence  originally  included  several  ad- 
jacent towns.  It  suffered  much  in  King  Philip's 
war.  In  1663  a  charter  was  granted  by  the  king 
to  the  Providence  Plantations.  This  place  has 
suffered  severe  disasters  by  fire  and  water.  In 
1801  an  extensive  fire  occurred  ;  and  in  1815  a 
severe  gale  caused  the  tide  to  rise  12  feet  above 
its  ordinary  height,  spreading  desolation  along 
the  wharves  and  bridges,  destroying  300  build- 
ings, and  other  property,  to  the  amount,  in  the 


PUL 


553 


PUL 


whole,  of  nearly  $1,500,000.  In  1331  it  received 
a  charter  as  a  city. 

Providence,  p-t.,  Saratoga  co.,  N.  Y.,  15  n. 
w  Balston  Spa,  41  n.  n.  w.  Albany,  400  W.  The 
surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  clay  and  loam,  adapted  to 
grass.  Watered  by  Sacandaga  r.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $3,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tan- 
neries, 3  grist  m.,  30  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$33,650.     9  sch.  313  scholars.     Pop.  1,507. 

Providence,  p-t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  146  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  250  W.  Lackavyannock  cr.,  and 
Roaring  brook,  afford  extensive  water  power. 
Anthracite  coal  is  abundant,  and  easily  mined. 
The  surface  is  a  valley  between  two  mountain 
ranges.  It  contains  the  v.  of  Centrcville,  and 
has  6  stores,  cap.  $15,800;  1  tannery,  3  flouring 
m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,900.  Pop. 
1,169. 

Providence,  (East  and  West,)  t.,  Bedford  co., 
Pa.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $6,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1 
tannery,  1  distillery,  1  pottery,  1  flouring  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,650.  5  sch.  204  scholars. 
Pop.  2,632. 

Providence,  p-v.,  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  120  n. 
Richmond,  207  W. 

Providence,  p-v.,  Mecklinburg  co.,  N.  C, 
173  w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  412  W. 

Providence,  p-v.,  Pickens  co.,  Ala.,  71  w. 
Tuscaloosa,  873  W. 

Providence,  p-v.,  Hopkins  co.,  Ky.,  214  w.  s. 
w.  Frankfort,  755  W. 

Providence,  p-v.,  Bureau  co.,  111.,  114  n. 
Springfield,  819  W. 

Providence,  p-v.,  Wood  co.,  O.,  140  n.  n.  w. 
Columbus,  471  W.   Pop.  130. 

Provincetown,  p-t.,  Barnstable  co.,  Mass., 
123  Boston,  524  W.  Situated  on  the  extreme  n. 
w.  point  of  Cape  Cod.  The  surface  consists  of 
beaches,  sand  hills,  8  shallow  ponds,  and  a  num- 
ber of  swamps.  The  harbor  within  the  curve  of 
the  cape  is  easy  of  access,  spacious  and  safe, 
with  a  sufficient  depth  of  water  for  the  largest 
ships.  The  v.  is  inhabited  chiefly  by  fishermen, 
and  the  cod  and  mackerel  fisheries  employ  about 
1,000  men  and  boys.  The  houses  are  chiefly 
on  one  street  2  ms.  long,  following  the  course  of 
the  beach.  It  contains  3  churches — 1  Congrega- 
tional, 1  Methodist,  and  1  Universalist.  The  soil 
is  a  loose  sand.  Salt  is  extensively  manufactur- 
ed, and  there  are  many  windmills  to  raise  the 
water  into  vats  for  evaporation.  Good  water  is 
obtained  at  a  moderate  depth,  a  little  distance  from 
the  shore.  There  are  in  the  t.  15  stores,  cap. 
$30,100;  2  lumberyards,  cap.  $3,750.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $13,200.  2  acad.  109  students,  8  sch. 
667  scholars.     Pop.  2,122. 

Prowsville,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  la.,  92  s. 
Indianapolis,  612  W. 

Pruntytown,  p-v.,  Harrison  co.,  Va.,  267  n. 
w.  Richmond,  205  W.  Situated  on  Tygart's 
Valley  r.,  and  contains  1  Baptist  and  1  Metho- 
dist church,  3  stores,  1  tannery,  20  dwellings,  and 
about  125  inhabitants. 

Public  Square,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Ga.,  58  n. 
Milledgeville,  590  W. 

Pu'ghtown,  p-v.,  Coventry  t.,  Chester  co., 
Pa.,  63  E.  s.  E.  Harrisburg,  146  W.  Situated  on 
French  cr.  It  contains  a  store,  and  about  15 
dwellings. 

Pulaski,  county,  Ga.  Situated  a  little  s.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  680  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Ocmulgee  r.  and  its  branches,  and 
by  branches  of  Oconee  r.  Capital,  Hawkins- 
ville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  16,204, 
sheep  2,268,  swine  15,015;  wheat  7,439  bush, 
produced,  rye  1,433,  Ind.  corn  153,764,  oats  5,369, 
potatoes  21, /78,  cotton  1,735,783;  14  stores,  cap. 
70 


$80,000 ;  10  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$3,125.  Pop.  whiles  2,972,  slaves  2,385,  free 
COl'd  32  ;  total,  5,3-10. 

Pulaski,  county,  Va.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  350  sq.  ms. 
New  r.  bounds  it  partly  on  the  E.,  and  drains  it 
on  the  s.  Surface  in  part  mountainous  ;  soil,  fer- 
tile. Capital,  Newbem.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  6,920,  sheep  9,653,  swine  11,752; 
wheat  46,093  bush,  produced,  rye  16,940,  Ind. 
corn  144,037,  buckwheat  2,446,  oats  80,170,  po- 
tatoes 15,064 ;  10  stores,  cap.  $54,500 ;  6  tanne- 
ries, 20  distilleries,  7  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  1  oil  m., 
1  paper  fac.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $32,360.  7  sch. 
136  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,768,  slaves  954, 
freecol'd  17;  total,  3,739. 

Pulaski,  county,  Ky.  Situated  on  the  s. 
toward  the  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  800 
sq.  ms.  Cumberland  r.  runs  on  its  s.  border,  by 
branches  of  which  it  is  drained.  Rockcastle  cr. 
runs  on  its  s.  K.  border.  Capital,  Somerset. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,862,  sheep 
13,366,  swine  19,490;  wheat  43,985  bush,  produ- 
ced, Ind.  corn  120,301,  oats  94,655,  potatoes 
4,504 ;  10  stores,  cap.  $30,000  ;  4  tanneries.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $14,000.  29  sch.  754  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  8,533,  slaves  1,019,  free  col'dl8;  total, 
9,620. 

Pulaski,  county,  la.  Situated  toward  the  N. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  342  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Tippecanoe  r.  and  its  branches. 
Capital,  Winamac.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  591,  sheep  270,  swine  1,539;  wheat  1,399 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  13,075,  oats  1,825,  pota- 
toes 3,381,  sugar  2,131  pounds  :  1  store, cap.  1,000; 
3  potteries,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,500. 
Pop.  561. 

Pulaski,  county,  Mo.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,332  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  the  head  waters  of  Gasconade  r.,  and 
by  branches  of  Osage  r.  The  surface  is  hilly ; 
soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Waynesville.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,513,  sheep  6,600,  swine 
25,131  ;  wheat  18,680  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
335,860,  oats  23,143,  potatoes  11,622,  tobacco 
19,091  pounds,  cotton  7,727,  sugar  2,602 ;  10  stores, 
cap.  $21,  613;  1  tannery,  11  distilleries,  22  grist 
ra.,  15  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $40,280.  6 
sch.  1 16  scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,338,  slaves  190, 
free  col'd  1 ;  total,  6,52J. 

Pulaski,  county,  Ark.  Situated  near  the. 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  2,050  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Arkansas  r.  and  its  branches.  Cap- 
ital, Little  Rock.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 7,935,  sheep  949,  swine  12,031 ;  wheat  559 
bush,  producea,  Ind.  corn  164,324,  oats  6,920, 
potatoes  10,312,  cotton  7,869  pounds ;  5  commer- 
cial and  5  com.  houses,  cap.  $15,000 ;  20  stores, 
cap.  $218,500  ;  12  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.,  3  printing 
offices,  3  semi-weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $69,250.  1  sch.  48  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  3,961,  slaves  1,284,  free  col'd  105 ;  total, 
5,350. 

Pulaski,  v.,  Richland  t.,  semi-capital  of  Os- 
wego co.,  N.  Y,  155  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  335  W. 
Situated  on  Salmon  r.,  3  ms.  from  Lake  Ontario. 
Incorporated  in  1832.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  and 
1  Methodist— an  academy,  8  stores,  1  woollen 
fac,  1  paper  m.,  2  grist  m.,  1  trip-hammer  works, 
1  furnace,  1  carriage  fac,  2  tanneries,  100  dwell- 
ings, and  about  700  inhabitants.  There  is  an 
extensive  water  power. 

Pulaski,  p-v.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  248  w.  n.  w 
Harrisburg,  239  W. 

Pulaski,  p-v.,  capital  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  74 
s.  by  w.  Nashville,  734  W.    Situated  on  the  e. 


PUT 


554 


PUT 


side  of  Richland  cr.,  a  branch  of  Elk  r.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  a  church,  and  about  900  in- 
habitants. .  _, 

Pulaski,  p-o.,  Williams  co.,  O.,  176  n.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 509  W.  ■     ,     on       . 

Pulaski,  p-t.,  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  89  w.  by  s. 
Detroit,  561  VV.  Drained  by  the  s.  branch  of 
Kalamazoo  r.  It  contains  several  ponds,  and  a 
mineral  spring.  It  has  1  sch.  27  scholars:  Pop.  394. 

Pulaski,  p-v.,  Hancock  co.,  111.,  85  w.  n.  w. 
Springfield,  863  W 


PULASKIVILLE 

Columbus,  393  W 

PuLTNEY,   p-t. 


p-v.,  Knox  co.,  O.,  52  n.  e. 


Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  15  n.  e. 
Bath,  213  w.'by  s.  Albany,  316  W.  The  surface  is 
generally  level ;  soil,  clay  and  calcareous  loam. 
Bounded  e.  by  the  w.  branch  of  Crooked  Lake, 
into  which  its  streams  flow.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$4,000  ;  1  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$9,500.     12  sch.  1,174  scholars.    Pop.  1,784. 

Pultney,  t.,  Belmont  co.,  O.  It  has  8  sch. 
248  scholars.    Pop.  1,747. 

Pultneyville,  p-v.,  Williamson  t.,  Wayne 
co.,  N.  Y.,  204  w.  by  n.  Albany,  368  W.  Situ- 
ated on  Lake  Ontario,  where  is  a  convenient 
landing  for  steamboats  and  vessels.  It  contains 
5  stores,  2  warehouses,  2  saw  m.,  1  tannery,  50 
dwellings,  and  about  350  inhabitants. 

Pulver's    Corners,    p-o.,    Pine    Plains 
Dutchess  co.,  N.  Y.,  58  s.  Albany,  331  W. 

Pumpkintown,  p-v.,  Pickens  dist.,  S.  C,  135 
w.  n.  w.  Columbia,  530  W. 

Pumpkin  Vine,  p-o.,  Paulding  co.,  Ga.,  127  w. 
N.  w.  Milledgeville,  670  W. 

Punch  Kill,  p-o.,  Cobleskill  t.,  Schoharie 
co.,  N.  Y.,  37  w.  Albany,  388  W. 
Pungo  Bridge,  p-o.,  Beaufort  dist.,  S.  C. 
Pungoteague,  p-v.,  Accomac  co.,  Va.,  181  E. 
by  n.  Richmond,  209  W.  It  contains  1  Episco- 
pal and  1  Methodist  church,  1  store,  1  grist  m., 
20  dwellings,  and  about  125  inhabitants. 

Punxatawney,  p-v.,  Young  t.,  Jefferson  co., 
Pa.,  183  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  236  W.  Situated  in  a 
fork  of  Mahoning  cr.  It  contains  a  store  and  15 
or  20  dwellings. 

Purcells  Store,  p-o.,  Loudon  co.,  Va.,  163 
N.  Richmond,  44  W. 

Purdy,  p-v.,  capital  of  McNairy  co.,  Tenn., 
148  s.  w.  Nashville,  824  W.  Situated  on  a  head 
branch  of  Hatchy  r. 

Purdy  Creek,  p-o.,  Hornellsville  t,  Steuben 
co.,  N.  Y.,  247  w.  by  s.  Albany,  315  W. 

Purdyville,  p-v.,  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  159  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  253  W. 

Purvis,  p-o.,  Rockland  t.,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  Y., 
109  s.  w.  Albany,  314  W. 

Putnam,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  in  the  s.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  216  sq.  ms.  Hud- 
son r.  bounds  it  on  the  w.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous ;  soil,  productive  in  the  E.  part,  if  well 
cultivated.  Magnetic  iron  ore,  iron  pyrites,  and 
plumbago  abound.  Drained  by  head  branches 
of  Croton  r.  Capital,  Carmel.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  14,971,  sheep  14,945,  swine 
12,383 ;  wheat  12,250  bush,  produced,  rye  35,367, 
Ind.  corn  86,679,  buckwheat  37,099,  oats  86,121, 
potatoes  142,534  ;  47  stores,  cap.  $105,950 ;  1  fur- 
nace, 2  forges,  11  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  6 
tanneries,  2  flouring  m.,  27  grist  m.,  36  saw  m., 
2  paper  fac.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $266,635.  63 
sch.  2,935  scholars.     Pop.  12,825. 

Putnam,  county,  Ga.  Situated  a  little  n.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  340  sq.  ms. 
Bounded  e.  by  Oconee  r.,  by  branches  of  which 
it  is  drained.  Surface  level ;  soil,  fertile.  Capi- 
tal, Eatonton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
9,497,  sheep  7,071,  swine  29,991;  wheat  35,688 


bush,  produced,  rye  1,171,  Ind.  corn  360,230,  bar- 
ley 855,  oats  21,332,  potatoes  13,626,  cotton 
2,279,145  pounds;  15  stores,  cap.  $112,800;  1 
cotton  fac.  2,000  sp.,  2  tanneries,  8  flouring  m.,  16 
grist  m.,  14  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $127,553. 
5  acad.  210  students,  5  sch.  174  scholars.  Pop. 
1830,  13,261;  1840,  whites  3,741,  slaves  6,482. 
free  col'd  37 ;  total,  10,260. 

Putnam,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  376  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Auglaize  r.  and  its  tributaries.  Surface 
undulating ;  soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Kalida.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,570,  sheep  2,385,  swine 
11,799;  wheat  43,929  bush,  produced,  rye  1,203, 
Ind.  corn  136,465,  oats  20,587,  potatoes  30,115, 
sugar  45,979  pounds;  18  stores,  cap.  $32,625; 
5  tanneries,  8  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.,  2  printing  offi- 
ces.   Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,630.    Pop.  5,189. 

Putnam,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  486  sq.  ms.  Organized 
in  1821.  Drained  by  Walnut  Fork  of  Eel  r.,  and 
Big  Racoon  and  Deer  creeks,  which  afford  water 
power.  Capital,  Greencastle.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  16,022,  sheep  21,077,  swine 
42,534;  wheat  72,274  bush,  produced,  rye  2,212, 
Ind.  corn  824,792,  oats  98,203,  potatoes  25,783, 
tobacco  27,582  pounds,  sugar  232,075 ;  39  stores, 
cap.  $122,110;  1  fulling  m.,  13  tanneries,  10  dis- 
tilleries, 3  potteries,  3  flouring  m.,  33  grist  m.,  32 
saw  m.,  2  oil  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  and 
1  periodical  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manuf.  $40,618. 
1  acad.  87  students,  44  sch.  2,414  scholars.  Pop. 
16,842.  a  J     • 

Putnam,  county,  111.  Situated  toward  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  325  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  consists  of  prairie  and 
forest ;  soil,  very  fertile.  Drained  by  Illinois  r. 
and  its  branches,  and  by  head  branches  of  Spoon 


.  Capital,  Hennepin.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  2,975,  sheep  1,732,  swine  6,410  ; 
wheat  40,885  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  71,223, 
oats  46,572,  potatoes  18,818,  sugar  11,030  pounds ; 
9  stores,  cap.  $22,900 ;  1  tannery,  2  saw  m.,  2  print- 
ing offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $19,000.     12  sch.  675  scholars.     Pop.  2,131. 

Putnam,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  N.  Y.,  36  n. 
Sandy  Hill,  90  n.  by  e.  Albany.  The  surface  is 
mountainous,  and  mostly  unfit  for  cultivation. 
Crossed  by  Palmertown  range,  some  peaks  of 
which  are  1,500  feet  high.  It  has  Lake  Cham- 
plain  on  the  e.  and  Lake  George  on  the  w.  It 
contains  2  stores,  cap.  $4,500 ;  2  grist  m.,  5  saw 
m.,  1  sch.  25  scholars.     Pop.  784. 

Putnam,  p-t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.,  55  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 340  W.  Situated  on  Muskingum  r.,  op- 
posite Zanesville,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
a  handsome  bridge.  It  has  1  acad.  150  students, 
1  sch.  54  scholars.     Pop.  1,071. 

Putnam,  t.,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $29,000 ;  5  sch.  177  scholars.  Pop. 
597. 

Putnam  Valley,  p-t.,  Putnam  co.,  N.  Y.,  9 
w.  Carmel,  100  s.  Albany.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous, being  covered  with  the  Highlands,  with 
a  broad  and  fertile  valley,  extending  from  N.  to  s. 
There  are  7  small  lakes  or  ponds  in  the  t.  Drain- 
ed by  Peekskill  cr.,  the  outlet  of  Redfire  lake. 
Iron  ore  is  extensively  found.  It  has  2  forges,  3 
stores,  cap.  $2,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  5  grist  m.,  8  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,100.  10  sch.  461  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  1,659. 

Putnamville,  p-v.,  Putnam  co.,  la.,  42  w. 
Indianapolis,  613  W.  Situated  on  the  national 
road,  and  contains  4  stores,  various  mechanic 
shops,  1  grist  m.,  1  tannery,  and  about  250  in- 
habitants. 

Putney,  p-t.,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  Ill  s.  Mont- 


QUE 


555 


QUI 


pelier,  432  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Con- 
necticut r.  The  surface  is  uneven  excepting 
near  the  streams,  where  are  extensive  and  fertile 
intervales.  Sacket's  brook  has  a  fall  of  75  feet 
in  80  rods,  and  affords  extensive  water  power. 
There  are  several  other  mill  streams.  The  v. 
contains  a  Congregational  church,  several  stores, 
and  about  GO  dwellings.  There  is  also  a  Baptist 
church  in  the  t.    Chartered  by  N.  II.  in  1753, 


and  rechartercd  under  N.  V.  in  1766.  First  set- 
tled in  1754.  There  are  in  the  t.  3  stores,  cap. 
|25,000  ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries, 
2  paper  fac,  3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $33,350.     12  sen.  462  scholars.    Pop.  1,383. 

Pyramus,  p  v.,  Bergen  co.,  N.  J.,  83  n.  e.  Tren- 
ton, 249  W. 

Pyrenna,  p-o.,  Elbert  co.,  Ga.,  115  N.  N.  E. 
Milledgeville,  575  W. 


Quaker  Bottom,  p-o.,  Lawrence  co.,  O.,  123 
s.  by  e.  Columbus,  400  W. 

Quaker  Hill,  p-o.,  Pawlings  t.,  Dutchess  co., 
N.  Y.,  92  s.  Albany,  304  W. 

Quaker  Springs,  p-o.,  Saratoga  t.,  Saratoga 
co.,  N.  Y.,  32  n.  Albany,  402  W. 

Quaker  Springs,  p-v.,  Columbia  co.,  Ga.,  103 
E.  N.  e.  Milledgeville,  582  W.  This  settlement 
was  formed  by  the  Friends  in  1750,  who  fled, 
alarmed  by  the  murders  of  the  Cherokees.  It 
contains  a  number  of  dwellings. 

Quaker  Street,  p-o.,  Duanesburg  t.,  Sche- 
nectady co.,  N.  Y. 

Quakertown,  p-v.,  Kingwood  t.,  Hunterdon 
co.,  N.  J.,  31  n.  w.  Trenton,  191  W.  It  is  called 
also  Fairview,  and  contains  1  Friends  church,  2 
stores,  and  15  or  20  dwellings. 

Quakertown,  p-v.,  Richland  t.,  Bucks  co., 
Pa.,  37  n.  N.w.  Philadelphia,  101  E.  Harrisburg,  174 
W.  It  is  neatly  built  on  a  single  street,  and  con- 
tains 1  Friends  church,  2  stores,  40  dwellings, 
and  about  250  inhabitants. 

Quallatown,  p-v.,  Haywood  co.,  N.  C,  326 
w.  Raleigh,  556  W. 

Quantico,  p-v.,  Somerset  co.,  Md.,  93  s.  e.  An- 
napolis, 133  W. 

Quay,  p-o.,  Claiborne  par.,  La.,  367  n.  w.  New 
Orleans,  1,237  W. 

Queechee,  r.,  Vt.,  rises  in  Sherburne,  and 
after  running  35  ms.,  falls  into  Connecticut  r.,  in 
Hartland,  about  2  ms.  above  Queechee  falls.  It 
receives  a  number  of  tributaries,  and  affords  good 
water  power.    It  is  about  35  ms.  long. 

Queechee  Village,  p-v.,  Hartford  t.,  Windsor 
co.,  Vt.,  57  s.  Montnelier,  487  W.  Situated  around 
the  falls  in  Queechee  r.,  5  ms.  above  its  mouth. 
It  contains  several  stores,  and  a  number  of  mills 
and  manufactories. 

Quemahoning,  t.,  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  11  n.  e. 
Somerset.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  light  gravel. 
Stony  cr.  bounds  it  on  the  E.  Drained  by  Mc- 
Conaughey  run  and  Quemahoning  cr.,  Higgins' 
cr.,  and  Will's  cr.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $4,000 ;  1 
distillery,  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1  oil 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,800.  1  sch.  25  scholars. 
Pop.  924. 

Queen  Anne,  county,  Md.  Situated  in  the  e. 
part  of  the  state,  on  the  e.  shore  of  Chesapeake 
bay,  and  contains  400  sq.  ms.  Kent  island,  in 
Chesapeake  bay,  belongs  to  it.  Chester  r.  runs 
on  its  n.  w.  border,  and  Tuckahoe  cr.  on  its  e. 
border.  Capital,  Centreville.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  9,056,  sheep  12,881,  swine  12,520 ; 
wheat  113,411  bush,  produced,  rye  35,767,  Ind. 
corn  501,274  ;  buckwheat  346,  oats  117,765,  pota- 
toes 15,275;  8  stores,  cap.  $10,000  ;  1  tannery,  5 
?rist  m.  6  acad.  96  students,  12  sch.  384  scholars, 
op.  whites  6,132,  slaves  3,950,  free  col'd  2,541; 
total,  12,633. 

Queen  Anne,  p-v.,  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  14 
s.  w.  Annapolis,  26  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side 
of  Patuxent  r. 

Queens,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  toward  the 
w.  part  of  Long  Island,  having  Long  Island  sound 


and  the  East  r.  on  the  n.,  and  the  Atlantic  ocean 
on  the  s.,  and  contains  396  sq.  ms.  The  soil  is  a 
loam  on  the  n.,  and  a  light  sand  on  the  s.  part. 
When  well  cultivated,  the  soil  is  productive. 
The  shore  is  deeply  indented  by  bays  and  in- 
lets, and  several  small  streams  flow  into  the 
sound,  and  into  the  ocean.  There  is  a  light-house 
on  Sand's  point,  on  Long  Island  sound.  Capital, 
North  Hempstead.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  14,181,  sheep  26,177,  swine  21,518  ;  wheat 
97,741  bush,  produced,  rye  105,399,  Ind.  corn 
336,401,  buckwheat  64,047,  barley  3,5)3,  oats 
348,447,  potatoes  214,121;  83  stores,  cap.  $253,900; 
13  lumber  yards,  cap.  $25,050 ;  7  fulling  m.,  7 
woollen  fac,  5  tanneries,  1  rope  fac,  1  distillery, 
1  glass  cutting  establishment,  7  flouring  m.,  41 
grist  m.,  17  saw  m.,  3  paper  fac,  4  printing  offices, 

3  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $307,950. 
1  college,  36  students,  8  acad.  429  students,  78 
sch.  3,670  scholars.     Pop.  30,324. 

Queensborough,  p-v.,  Anderson  dist.,  S.  C, 
113  w.  n.  w.  Columbia,  529  W. 

Queensbury,  p-t.,  Warren  co.,  IS.  Y.,  57  n.  Al- 
bany, 429  W.  The  surface  is  undulating  and 
hilly  on  the  w. ;  soil,  sand  and  productive  loam. 
Drained  by  Wood  cr.  on  the  n.,  and  watered  by 
Hudson  r.  on  the  s.  It  contains  the  v.  of  Glen's 
Falls.  It  has  25  stores,  cap.  $65,000 ;  1  fulling 
m.,  1  tannery,  1  powder  m.,  1  grist  m.,  9  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,600.  1  acad.  44  students,  22 
sch.  918  scholars.    Pop.  3,798. 

Queensdale,  p-v.,  Robeson  co.,  N.  C,  110  s. 
s.  w.  Raleigh,  406  W. 

Queenstown,  p-v.,  Queen  Anne  co.,  Md.,  26 
E.  Annapolis,  66  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  E.  side 
of  Chester  bay. 

Queen's  Gkove,  p-o.,  Switzerland  co.,  la.,  102 
s.  e.  Indianapolis,  538  W. 

Quillinsville,  p-v.,  Scott  co.,  Va.,  351  w.  by 
n.  Richmond,  419  W. 

Quincy,  p-t.,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  9  s.  by  E. 
Boston,  449  W.  The  surface  is  diversified  ;  soil, 
fertile  and  well  cultivated.  It  contains  large 
tracts  of  salt  meadow.  Three  ms.  back  from  the 
bay  is  an  elevated  range,  in  some  parts  rising 
over  600  feet  above  the  sea,  containing  an  inex- 
haustible supply  of  excellent  granite,  which  is 
extensively  exported.  A  railroad  extends  from 
the  quarry,  3  ms.,  to  tidewater  on  Neponset  r., 
constructed  in  1826,  and  was  the  first  work  of  the 
kind  in  the  United  States.  First  settled  in  1625. 
Separated  from  Braintree  and  chartered  in  1792. 
Some  vessels  are  owned  here,  employed  chiefly 
in  the  fisheries.     It  has  15  stores,  cap.  $27,600 ; 

4  lumber  yards,  cap.  $19,400 ;  2  tanneries,  1  print- 
ing office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $112,150.  8  acad.  137  students,  6  sch.  708 
scholars.    Pop.  3,486. 

Quincy,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  57  s.  w.  Har- 
risburg, 83  W.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $22,300 ;  1 
furnace,  3  forges,  2  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  6 
flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $22,500.  8  sch.  258  scholars.  Population 
j  2,503. 


RAC 


556 


RAH 


t_/UIUHUJU5,  1Ui    »»  • 

Quincy,  p-t.,  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  104  w.  s. 
Detroit,  552  W.    The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted 


Quincy,  p-v.,  3Iiami  t.,  Logan  co.,  O.,  68  n.  w 
Columbus,  462  W 

w. 

to 

grain.    It  has  4  sch.  67  scholars.     Pop.  493 

Quincy,  p-v.,  capital  of  Gadsden  co.,  Flor.,  23 
N.  w.  Tallahassee,  873  W.  Situated  on  the  vv. 
side  of  Attapulgus  cr.  Laid  out  in  1825,  and 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  3  churches — 1  Pres- 
byterian, 1  Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist — and  about 
690  inhabitants. 

Quincy,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Miss.,  181  n.  e.  Jack- 
son, 912  W. 

Quincy,  p-v.,  capital  of  Adams  co.,  111.,  104  s. 
Springfield,  884  W.  Situated  on  a  bluff,  on  the  e. 
side  of  Mississippi  r.,  125  ms.  above  the  mouth 
of  Illinois  r.,  by  water,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
which  cost  $20,000,  4  churches — 1  Congregation- 
alism 1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Baptist — 25 
stores,  a  United  States  land  office,  a  large  steam 
flouring  and  saw  m.,  a  carding  machine,  about 
200  dwellings,  and  1,500  inhabitants.  The 
court  house  stands  on  a  fine  public  square.  There 
are  about  300  steamboat  arrivals  annually ;  and 


pork  is  annually  exported  to  the  amount  of 
$100,000. 

Quincy,  p-v.,  Gibson  co.,  Tenn.,  144  w.  Nash- 
ville, 827  W. 

Quitman,  p-v.,  capital  of  Clark  co.,  Miss.,  140 
e.  by  s.  Jackson,  951  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side 
of  Chickasawha  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  2 
stores,  and  75  inhabitants. 

Quinnebaug,  r.,  Ct.,  rises  in  Mashapaug  pond, 
in  Union,  Ct.,  and  passes  into  Brimfield,  Mass., 
where  it  receives  a  considerable  branch,  whence 
it  proceeds  s.  e.  until  it  re-enters  Conn.  Its  course 
is  then  s.  30  miles,  until  it  unites  with  the  She- 
tucket,  3  ms.  above  Norwich  city.  It  has  falls 
which  afford  great  water  power. 

Quinnipiac,  r.,  Ct.,  rises  in  Farmington,  and 
pursues  a  southerly  course,  30  ms.,  when  it  enters 
iNew  Haven  harbor, where  a  long  bridge  crosses  it. 

Quogue,  p-v.,  Southampton  t.,  Suffolk  co.,  N. 
Y.,  235  s.  s.  e.  Albany,  315  W.  Situated  on  the 
s.  side  of  Long  Island,  and  contains  1  Methodist 
church,  2  stores,  and  a  number  of  scattered  dwell- 
ings. It  is  much  resorted  to  in  the  summer  for 
sea  air  and  the  abundance  of  game  in  the  vicinity. 


R. 


Raby,  p-o.,  Lawrence  co.,  O. 

Rabun,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  n.  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  330  sq.  ms.  The  Blue 
Ridge  passes  along  its  E.  border.  Drained  by 
Turoree  and  Chatuga  rivers,  and  their  branches, 
which  unite  in  the  s.  point  of  the  co.,  to  form 
Tugaloo  r.  It  is  an  elevated  table  land.  Capi- 
tal, Clayton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
2,790,  sheep  2,024,  swine  8,526;  wheat  1,452 
bush,  produced,  rye  1,635,  Ind.  com  62,521,  oats 
13,151,  potatoes  4,734,  tobacco  3,208  pounds;  3 
stores,  cap.  $5,000;  1  tannery,  13  distilleries,  23 
grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,000.  4 
sch.  131  scholars.  Pop.  whites  1,823,  slaves  84 ; 
total,  1,912. 

Racoon,  t.,  Gallia  co.,  O.,  94  s.  e.  Columbus. 
Organized  in  1806.  Watered  by  Racoon  cr.  It 
has  5  stores,  cap.  $3,250 ;  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m., 
3  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,200.     Pop.  1,610. 

Racoon,  island,  p-o.,  Gallia  co.,  O. 

Racoon,  p-o.,  Laurel  co.,  Ky. 

Racoon,  p-o.,  Smith  t.,  Washington  co.,  Pa., 
220  w.  Harrisburg,  245  W. 

Racoon  Ford,  p-o.,  Culpepper  co.,  Va.,  98  n. 
n.  w.  Richmond,  89  W.  Situated  on  the  bank 
of  Rapid  Ann  r.,  15  ms.  above  its  entrance  into 
the  Rappahannock. 

Racine,  county,  Wis.  Situated  in  the  s.  E. 
part  of  the  ter.,  and  contains  610  sq.  ms.  Lake 
Michigan  lies  on  its  e.  border.  Drained  by  Des 
Plaines,  Fox,  Pike,  and  Root  rivers.  The  surface 
is  undulating  ;  soil,  very  fertile.  Capital,  Racine. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,506,  sheep  340, 
swine  6,459  ;  wheat  36,099  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  30,163,  buckwheat  3,431,  barley  1,796,  oats 
41,028,  potatoes  53,667,  sugar  6,051  pounds;  2 
commission  houses,  cap.  $2,500 ;  19  stores,  cap. 
$83,950 ;  2  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$24,837.  2  acad.  65  students,  20  sch.  607  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  3,475. 

Racine,  p-t.,  capital  of  Racine  co.,  Wis.,  112 
E.  by  s.  Madison,  780  W.  Situated  at  the  mouth 
of  Root  r.,  on  Lake  Michigan.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  10  stores,  and  about  300  inhabitants. 
There  are  in  the  t.  2  acad.  65  students.  Popu- 
lation 500. 

Race,  at  the  e.  end  of  Long  Island  sound,  be- 
tween Connecticut  shore  and  Long  Island.    A 


reef  of  deeply  sunken  rocks,  when  the  tide,  which 
is  here  rapid,  is  flowing,  gives  an  agitated  appear- 
ance to  the  water. 

Racket,  r.,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Hamilton  co.,  and 
flows  in  a  northerly  direction  through  St.  Law- 
rence co.,  and  falls  into  the  St.  Lawrence  at  the 
N.  boundary  of  the  state,  opposite  to  the  island  of 
Cornwall,  in  Canada.  It  originates  in  numerous 
lakes  and  ponds,  and  is  145  ms.  long. 

Racket,  r.,  p-o.,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass. 

Radnor,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.,  O.,  32  n.  Colum- 
bus, 416  W.  It  is  principally  settled  by  emi- 
grants from  Wales,  and  received  its  name  from 
a  place  in  that  country.  It  has  5  sch.  150  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,174. 

Radnor,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  13  n.  w.  Phila- 
delphia. Watered  by  Darby  cr.  It  contains  3 
churches.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $10,000 ;  1  lum 
ber  yard,  cap.  $5,000 ;  2  tanneries,  1  pottery,  4 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,000. 
3  sch.  122  scholars.     Pop.  1,205. 

Ragdales  Stand,  p-o.,  La  Fayette  co.,  Miss., 
144  n.  N.  e.  Jackson,  927  W. 

Ragged,  mts.,  N.  H.,  is  a  precipitous  range 
about  10  ms.  long,  between  Merrimac  and  Graf- 
ton counties,  in  some  parts  nearly  2,000  feet  high. 

Ragged  Island,  t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.    Pop.  17. 

Rahway,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  N.  J.,  9  s.  w.  New- 
ark, 39  N.  e.  Trenton,  205  W.  The  surface  is 
level ;  soil,  red  shale,  and  well  cultivated. 
Drained  by  Rahway  r.  and  its  tributaries.  The 
v.  is  partly  in  Woodbridge  t.,  Middlesex  co.,  and 
partly  in  Rahway  t.,  Essex  co.,  on  both  sides  of 
Rahway  r.,  at  the  head  of  tide,  5  miles  from  its 
mouth.  The  v.  is  in  4  detached  parts,  and  con- 
tains 6  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  1 
Methodist,  2  Friends,  (1  orthodox  and  1  Hick- 
site,)  and  1  African — the  Athenian  Academy, 
with  a  building  68  feet  long  and  36  wide,  2 
stones  high,  the  Rahway  Female  Institute,  a 
bank  and  insurance  office,  30  stores,  a  large  saw 
m.,  about  400  dwellings,  and  2,000  inhabitants 
The  railroad  from  Jersey  City  to  Philadelphia 
passes  through  the  place.  There  are  in  the  t.  10 
stores,  cap.  $21,100;  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  1 
paper  fee,  14  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  5  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $355,525.  1  acad.  41  students, 
7  sch.  244  scholars.    Pop.  2,533. 


RAL 


557 


RAN 


Raibone's  Crekk,  p-o.,  Laurens  dist.,  S.  C, 
78  w.  n.  w  Columbus. 

Rail  Roads.  An  account  of  these  will  be 
found  under  the  states  in  which  they  are  located. 

Rail  Road  Plains,  p-o.,  White  co.,  Tenn., 
105  k.  Nashville,  576  W. 

Rainesburg,p-v.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  113  w.IIar- 
risburg,  129  W.  It  contains  2  stores  and  about 
25  dwellings. 

Raine's  Store,  p-o.,  Twiggs  co.,  Ga.,  35  s. 
Milledgeville,  683  W. 

Raine's  Tavern,  p-o.,  Cumberland  co.,  Va., 
65  w.  Richmond,  155  W. 

Rainsboro',  p-v.,  Paint  t.,  Highland  co.,  O.,  77 
8.  W.  Columbus,  432  W. 

Rainsville,  p-v.,  Warren  co.,  la.,  90  n.  w. 
Indianapolis,  651  W. 

Raisin,  r.,  Mich.,  rises  in  Wheatland  t.,  Hills- 
dale co.,  and  after  a  very  winding  course  of  130 
ms.,  it  enters  Lake  Erie,  21  ms.  below  Monroe. 
The  distance  from  its  source  to  its  mouth,  in  a 
direct  line,  is  about  60  miles.  It  has  high  and 
beautiful  banks,  a  rapid  current,  and  affords  very 
extensive  water  power.  Its  name  was  derived 
from  the  numerous  grape  vines  which  ibrmerly 
lined  its  banks. 

Raisin,  p-t.,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.  Watered  by 
Paisin  r.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  well  adapted 
to  grain.  It  has  1  distillery,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  §5,000.  1  acad.  27  students,  6  sch.  285 
scholars.     Pop.  1,117. 

Raisinville,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  Mich.  It  has  a 
fertile  soil,  adapted  to  grain.  Drained  by  Raisin 
r.  It  has  1  paper  fac,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $37,000.     3  sch.  70  scholars.     Pop.  683. 

Raleigh,  city,  Wake  co.,  N.  C,  and  capital  of 
the  state,  is  pleasantly  situated,  a  few  miles  w. 
of  Neuse  r.,  27  n.  w.  Smithfield,  the  nearest  ordi- 
nary point  of  navigation,  123  n.  w.  Newbern,  60 
N.  Fayetteville,  164  s.  s.  w.  Richmond,  Va.,  288 
W.— 35°  47'  n.  lat.  and  78°  48'  w.  Ion.  It  has  an 
elevated  and  pleasant  situation  in  a  healthy  coun- 
try, and  is  laid  out  with  great  regularity.  In  the 
centre  of  the  place  is  Union  square,  containing 
10  acres,  from  which  extend  4  streets,  dividing  it 
into  4  quarters.  In  the  centres  of  these  quarters 
are  4  other  squares,  of  4  acres  each.  The  4 
largest  streets  are  99  feet  wide,  and  the  others  66. 
The  state  house  is  a  superb  granite  edifice,  166 
feet  long,  90  feet  wide,  and  surrounded  by  mas- 
sive granite  columns,  54  feet  in  diameter,  and  30 
feet  high.  It  is  after  the  model  of  the  Parthenon 
at  Athens.  It  has  a  splendid  dome,  and  exten- 
sive legislative  and  other  apartments,  and  cost 
$500,OJO.  The  other  public  buildings  are  a 
court  house,  jail,  governor's  house,  secretary  of 
state's  office,  a  theatre,  a  market,  2  banks,  5 
churches — 1  Episcopal,  1  Presbyterian,  1  Bap- 
tist, 1  3Iethodist,  and  1  Roman  Catholic — and  400 
dwellings.  There  were  in  1840,  43  stores,  cap. 
$191,200;  4  printing  offices,  2  binderies,  5  week- 
ly and  1  semi-weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  836,800;  4  acad.  95  students,  2  sch. 
33  scholars.  Pop.  2,244.  The  former  state 
house,  containing  a  beautiful  marble  statue  of 
Washington,  by  Canova,  was  burned  in  1831. 

Raleigh,  p-v.,  capital  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn., 
220  w.  s.  w.  Nashville,  905  W.  Situated  on  the 
N.  side  of  Wolf  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
4  stores,  and  about  250  inhabitants. 

Raleigh,  p-v.,  capital  of  Smith  co.,  Miss.,  87 
E.  s.  E.  Jackson,  992  W.  Situated  on  a  branch 
of  Leaf  r.  It  contains  a  court  house  and  about 
50  inhabitants. 

Ralls,  county,  Mo.  Situated  toward  the  n. 
e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  470  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  undulating ;  soil,  fertile.    Drained  by 


Salt  r.  and  its  branches.  Capital,  New  London. 
There  were  in  1840,  oeal  cattle  5,440,  iheep 
6,344,  swine  17,245;  wheat  23,954  bushels  pro- 
duced, rye  1,584,  ln<!.  corn  240,225,  oali  34,149, 

potatoes  9,366,  tobacco  97,119  pounds;  sugar 
10,984;  9  stores,  cap.  $  18,1 00;  I  tanneries,  7  dis- 
tilleries, 1  flouring  m.,  15  grist  m.,  11  8aw  in.,  1 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $33,960.  1  acad.  38 
students,  9  sch.  243  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
5,450,  slaves  1,209,  free  col'd  11  ;  total,  5,670. 

Ralston,  no.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  115  n.  Har- 
risburg,  225  W. 

Ramah,  p-o.,  Wilkinson  co.,  Ga. 

Ramapo,  r.,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Orange  co.,  and  flows 
in  a  southerly  direction  through  a  part  of  Rock- 
land co.  into  New  Jersey,  where  it  empties  into 
the  Passaic  r.     It  affords  good  water  power. 

Ramapo,  t,  Rockland  co.,  N.  Y.,  8  w.  New 
City  v.,  132  s.  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
mountainous;  soil,  productive  in  the  valleys. 
Drained  by  Ramapo  and  Saddle  rivers,  branches 
of  the  Passaic.  The  New  York  and  Erie  rail- 
road passes  through  the  t.  It  has  8  stores,  cap. 
$25,000 ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac. 
516  sp.,  1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  5  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,250.  8  sch.  315  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  3,222. 

Ramapo  Works,  p-v.,  Ramapo  t.,  Rockland 
co.,  N.  Y.,  113  s.  by  w.  Albany,  265  W.  Situ- 
ated on  Ramapo  r.,  which  affords  water  power. 
It  contains  1  church,  1  store,  1  saw  m.,  1  grist  m., 
1  cotton  fac,  1  iron  foundry,  1  rolling  m.,  1  nail 
fac,  1  screw  fac,  and  about  60  dwellings,  chiefly 
inhabited  by  persons  engaged  in  manulactories. 

Ramsaysburg,  p-v.,  Knowlton  t.,  Warren  Co., 
N.  J.,  61  n.  by  w.  Trenton,  216  W.  Situated  on 
the  E.  bank  of  Delaware  r.,  and  contains  an  Epis- 
copal church,  1  store,  and  10  or  12  dwellings. 

Ramsey's  Mills,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  la.,  86  s. 
s.  E.  Indianapolis,  569  W. 

Ramsborough,  p-v.,  Guilford  co.,  N.  C,  95 
w.  n.  w.  Raleigh,  2J0  W. 

Ranaleburg,  p-v.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.  C, 
174  s.  w.  Raleigh,  413  W. 

Rancocus,  cr.,  N.  J.,  rises  in  Monmouth  co., 
and  flows  northwestwardly  into  Delaware  r. 

Rancocus,  p-o.,  Burlington  co.,  N.  J. 

Randallstown,  p-v.,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  40 
N.  Annapolis,  50  W. 

Randallsville,  p-v.,  Robeson  co.,  N.  C,  85 
s.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  373  W.  Situated  on  a  branch 
of  Lumber  r.  In  the  vicinity  is  Floral  College,  an 
institution  for  young  ladies.  It  contains  3  teach- 
ers and  about  60  pupils. 

Randolph,  county,  Va.  Situated  toward  the 
n.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  2,060  sq.  ms. 
Laurel  and  Cheat  mountains  run  through  the  co., 
from  s.  to  N.,  inclining  to  the  E.  Drained  by 
Cheat  r.  and  its  branches,  on  the  E.  side  of  the 
mountains,  and  by  branches  of  East  Fork  on  the 
w.  side,  all  of  which  constitute  head  branches  of 
Monongahela  r.  Capital,  Beverly.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,166,  sheep  13,818,  swine 
9,349 ;  wheat  27,212  bushels  produced,  rye  6,861, 
Ind.  corn  151.009,  buckwheat  5,039,  oats  86,784, 
potatoes  29,732,  tobacco  7,230  pounds,  sugar 
81,240;  10  stores,  cap.  $65,500;  5  tanneries,  10 
distilleries,  42  grist  m.,  23  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
u'ac  $27,259.  5  sch.  108  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
5,799,  slaves  216,  free  col'd  193  ;  total,  6,208. 

Randolph,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  a  little 
E.  of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  900  sq. 
ms.  Drained  by  Deep  cr.  and  its  branches,  and 
by  branches  of  Yadkin  r.  The  surface  is  diver- 
sified; soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Ashboro'.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,111,  sheep  13,962, 
swine  25,529;  wheat  78,095  bushels  produced, 


RAN 


558 


RAN 


rve  1  952  Ind.  corn  295,828,  oats  47,671,  potatoes  ■  k.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  820  square  ras. 

9  607'  tobacco  80,790  pounds,  cot'on  81,533  ;  23  Drained  by  head  branches  of  Big  Black  r.     Cap- 

"  ital,  Pocahontas.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 4,174,  sheep  2,586,  swine  12,454  ;  wheat  5,843 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  86,170,  oats  9,940,  po- 
tatoes 5,761,  tobacco  3,150  pounds,  cotton  8,156 


stores,  cap.  $47,390 ;  2  cotton  fac.  1,156  sp.,  16 
tanneries,  40  distilleries,  2  potteries,  24  flouring 
m.,  27  grist  m.,  33  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1 
periodical  and  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $151,189.  2  acad.  65  students,  2  seh. 
32  scholars.  Pop.  whites  11,107,  slaves  1,407, 
free  col'd  361 ;  total,  12,875. 

Randolph,  county,  Ga.  Situated  toward  the 
s.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  620  sq.  miles. 
Chattahoochee  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border,  and  re- 
ceives Petawlah  cr.  Drained  also  by  branches 
of  Flint  r.  Organized  in  1828.  Capital,  Cuth- 
bert.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,834, 
sheep  327,  swine  5,947;  wheat  1,276  bushels 
produced,  Ind.  corn  63,740,  oats  2,301,  potatoes 
6,513,  cotton  327,067  pounds;  4  stores,  cap. 
$8,100 ;  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  3  sch.  97  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  5,586,  slaves  2,679,  free  col'd  11; 
total,  8,276. 

Randolph,  county,  Ala.  Situated  in  the  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  875  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Tallapoosa  r.  and  Little  Tallapoosa  r.,  and 
their  branches.  Capital,  McDonald.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  33,234,  sheep  3,356 
swine  19,740;  wheat  13,426  bushels  produced, 
Ind.  corn  918,997,  oats  5,031,  potatoes  21,541,  to 
bacco  2,239  pounds,  cotton  240,540  ;  11  grist  ra.,  5 
saw  m.,  3  sch.  302  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,446, 
slaves  526,  free  col'd  1 ;  total,  4,973. 

Randolph,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  e 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  440  sq.  miles 
Drained  by  the  w.  fork  of  White  r.,  and  by  Mis- 
sisinewa  r.  and  their  branches.  The  surface  is  un 
dulating ;  soil,  very  fertile.  Organized  in  1818. 
Capital,  Winchester.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  8,564,  sheep  11,444,  swine  27,341 ;  wheat 
63,639  bushels  produced,  rye  2,626,  Ind.  corn 
401,291,  oats  115,846,  potatoes  25,893,  tobacco 
8,325  pounds,  sugar  167,782;  17  stores,  cap. 
$27,800;  8  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2  flouring  m.,  17 
grist  m.,  20  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,080. 
25  sch.  610  scholars.    Pop.  10,684. 

Randolph,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  s.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  540  square  miles. 
Drained  by  Kaskaskia  r.  and  its  branches,  and 
St.  Mary,  Horse,  and  smaller  creeks,  all  of 
which  flow  into  the  Mississippi,  which  bounds  it 
on  the  s.  w.  The  surface  and  the  soil  are  various. 
It  is  the  oldest  county  in  the  state,  excepting  St. 
Clair.  Capital,  Kaskaskia.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle,  16,847,  sheep  7,638,  swine 
25,338;  wheat  56,792  bushels  produced,  rye 
1,042,  Indian  corn  301,342,  oats  76,051,  potatoes 
18,177,  tobacco  11,174  pounds,  cotton  5,776,  sugar 
719;  10  commission  houses,  cap.  $51,000;  32 
stores,  cap.  $78,820;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
6  tanneries,  4  distilleries,  6  flouring  m.,  8  grist  m., 
11  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspa- 
pers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $89,150.  1  college  50 
students,  1  acad.  25  students,  14  sch.  403  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  7,944. 

Randolph,  county,  Mo.  Situated  n.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  459  square  ms 
Drained  by  the  e.  fork  of  Chariton  r.,  and  by  Sil- 
ver cr.,  which  flow  into  the  Missouri.  The  sur- 
face is  level;  soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Huntsville. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,369,  sheep  9,443, 
swine  24,433;  wheat  13,693  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  371,875,  oats  77,172,  potatoes  13,187,  tobac- 
co 841,204  pounds,  sugar  9,067 ;  20  stores,  capital 
$83,300 ;  4  tanneries,  10  distilleries,  15  grist  m., 
8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $49,218.  25  sch. 
655  scholars.  Pop.  whites  5,749,  slaves  1,437, 
free  col'd  12;  total,  7,198. 
Randolph,  county,  Ark.    Situated  in  the  n. 


6  stores,  cap.  $3,950 ;  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery, 
8  distilleries,  9  grist  m.,  1  saw  ra.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac $7,655.  25  schools  655  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  1,973, slaves216,  free  colored 7;  total,  2,196. 

Randolph,  p-t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H.,  ,99  n.  Con- 
cord, 532  W.  Situated  immediately  n.  of  the 
White  mountains.  Chartered  in  1772.  Drained 
by  the  s.  branch  of  Ammonoosuc  r.,  and  by  a 
head  branch  of  Israel's  r.  It  contains  some  good 
soil.  It  has  1  Raw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $400. 
3  sch.  35  scholars.     Pop.  115. 

Randolph,  p-t.,  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  23  s.  Montpe- 
lier,  498  W.  The  surface  is  elevated,  and  not 
much  broken ;  soil,  fertile,  and  well  cultivated. 
Drained  by  the  second  and  third  branches  of 
White  r.,  which  afford  water  power.  The  v.  oc- 
cupies a  high  and  commanding  situation,  and 
contains  a  Congregational  church,  a  flourishing 
academy,  several  stores,  and  a  considerable  num- 
ber of  handsome  dwellings.    There  are  in  the  t. 

7  stores,  capital  $17,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  4  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.,  1  oil  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $33,325.  1  acad.  181  students, 
21  sch.  915  scholars.     Pop.  2,678. 

Randolph,  p-t.,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  16  s.  Bos- 
ton, 444  W.  The  surface  is  undulating;  soil, 
strong,  and  productive.  Drained  by  Mantiquot  r., 
which  affords  water  power.  A  considerable  pond 
lies  on  its  n.  w.  border.  Incorporated  from  Brain- 
tree  in  1793.  The  v.  is  on  an  extended  street, 
and  contains  a  Congregational  and  a  Baptist 
church,  a  number  of  stores,  and  about  100  dwell- 
ings. Two  ms.  E.  is  a  v.  which  contains  a  Con- 
gregational and  a  Baptist  church,  and  about  60 
dwellings.  There  is  a  bank  and  a  third  Baptist 
church  in  the  t.  There  are  in  the  t.  20  stores, 
capital  $96,400 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m, 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $235,985.  1  acad.  90  students, 
11  sch.  820  scholars.     Pop.  3,213. 

Randolph,  p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.  Y.,  313  w. 
by  s.  Albany,  336  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil, 
well  adapted  to  grazing.  Drained  by  Alleghany 
r.  and  its  tributaries.  The  v.  contains  1  church, 
3  stores,  1  grist  m.,  and  several  saw  m.,  on  Little 
Connewango  cr.,  35  dwellings,  and  about  250  in- 
habitants. There  are  in  the  t.  5  stores,  capital 
$31,500 ;  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap. 
inmanuf.  $292,200.  7  sch.  246  scholars.  Pop.  1,283. 

Randolph,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  12  e.  Mead- 
ville.  It  has  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,400. 
Pop.  1,040. 

Randolph,  t.,  Morris  co.,  N.  J.,  7  n.  w.  Mor- 
ristown.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  Schooley's 
mountain  occupying  its  n.  part,  and  Trowbridge 
mountain  crossing  the  s.  part.  Drained  by  Den's 
branch  of  Rockaway  r.  and  the  sources  of  Black 
r.  It  contains  a  mine  of  magnetic  iron  ore,  of  an 
excellent  quality,  which  is  extensively  wrought. 
It  has  7  stores,  capital  $20,400;  1  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  1  furnace,  1  forge,  2  tanneries,  7 
distilleries,  1  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $19,570.    7  sch.  267  scholars.     Pop.  1,801. 

Randolph,  p-v.,  Madison  co.,  Tenn.,  201  w.  s. 
w.  Nashville,  884  W. 

Randolph,  p-t.,  Portage  co.,  O.,  139  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 315  W.    It  has  8  sch.  435  scholars.    Pop. 

Randolph,  p-o.,  Bibb  co.,  Ala.,  52  s.  e.  Tus- 
caloosa, 819  W. 

Randolph,  p-o.,  Natchitoches  par.,  La.,  388  N. 
w.  by  w.  New"  Orleans,  1,307  W. 


RAH 


559 


RAY 


Randolph,  p-v.,  Randolph  co.,  la.,  88  B.  n.  k. 
Indianapolis.  499  W. 

Randolph's  Stoke,  p-o.,  McLean  co.,  111.,  76 
N.  ■•  Springfield,  751  \Y. 

Rang  e,  t.,  Madison  co.,  O.  It  contains  Midway 
v.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $2,300  ;  1  tannery.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $800.    7  sch.  324  scholars.    Pop.  820. 

Rankin,  county,  31iss.  Situated  a  little  s.  of 
tlie  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  800  sq.  rns. 
Pearl  river  bounds  it  on  the  \v.,  by  branches  of 
which  it  is  drained.  The  surface  is  covered  ex- 
tensively by  a  pine  forest.  Capital,  Brandon. 
There  were  "in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,379,  sheep  1,282, 
swine  25,797;  Ind.  corn  176,520  bush,  produced, 
oats  9,412,  potatoes,  25,125,  rice  18,920  pounds, 
cotton  1,356,400;  8  stores.  Pop.  whites  2,777, 
slaves  1,851,  free  col'd  3  ;  total,  4,631. 

Ransom's  Bridge,  p  o.,  Nash  co.,  N.  C,  56  e. 
Raleigh,  282  W. 

B  vnsomville,  p-o.,  Porter  t,  Niagara  co.,  N. 
Y.,  290  w.  by  n.  Albany,  416  W. 

Raphoe,  t.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  12  n.  w.  Lan- 
caster. Great  Chiques  cr.  bounds  it  on  the  E. 
and  s.  e.,  and  Little  Chiques  on  the  w.,  uniting 
at  the  s.  w.  angle  of  the  t.  The  surface  is  roll- 
ing ;  soil,  calcareous  loam,  gravel,  and  sand.  It 
has  12  stores,  cap.  $36,900;  3  fulling  m.,  2  fur- 
naces, 2  tanneries,  4  distilleries,  2  flouring  m.,  8 
grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac.  $28,500. 
16  sch.  688  scholars.     Pop.  3,557. 

Rapid  Ann,  r..  Va.,  rises  in  the  Blue  Ridge,  in 
Madison  co.,  and  joins  the  Rappahannock  10  ms. 
above  Fredericksburg. 

Rapid  Ann,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  Va.,  104  n.  w. 
Richmond,  105  W. 

Rapides,  parish,  La.  Situated  near  the  centre 
of  the  state,  and  contains  600  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Red  r.  and  its  branches,  and  by  Bceuf  and 
Crocodile  bayous.  The  soil  is  fertile  on  the 
streams,  but  much  of  it  is  a  sterile  pine  forest. 
Some  part  of  it  is  liable  to  inundation  when  the 
rivers  are  high.  Capital,  Alexandria.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  19,706,  sheep  4,350, 
swine  31,065  ;  Ind.  corn  456,850  bush,  produced, 
oats  3,043,  potatoes  44,752,  cotton  16,527,810 
pounds  ;  25  stores,  capital  $231,350  ;  9  saw  m.,  2 
printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $79,350.  1  college  29  students,  4  acad. 
136  students.  Pop.  whites  3,243,  slaves  10,511, 
free  col'd  370;  total,  14,132. 

Rapids,  p-o.,  Portage  co.,  O.,  157  n.  e.  Colum- 
bus, 320  w 

Rappahannock,  r.,Va.,  rises  in  the  Blue  Ridge, 
and  flowing  a  s.  e.  course  130  ms.  enters  Chesa- 
peake bay  by  a  large  estuary,  25  miles  s.  of  the 
mouth  of  the  Potomac  r.  It  has  4  fathoms  of 
water  to  Hobbs'  Hole,  and  is  navigable  for  ves- 
sels requiring  10  feet  of  water  110  ms.  to  Fred- 
ericksburg. 

Rappahannock,  county,  Va.  Situated  toward 
the  N.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  100  square 
ms.  Drained  by  head  branches  of  Rappahannock 
r.  Capital,  Washington.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  9,257,  sheep  13,195,  swine  18,480; 
wheat  179,850  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  309,950, 
buckwheat  4,784,  oats  93,794,  potatoes  24,274, 
tobacco  4,900  pounds ;  15  stores,  cap.  $93,200  ;  8 
tanneries.  20  flouring  m.,  38  grist  m.,  32  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $34,700.  3  acad.  49  students, 
15  sch.  453  scholars.  Pop.  whites  5,307,  slaves 
3,663,  free  col'd  287;  total,  9,257. 

Rappahannock  Academy,  p-o.,  Caroline  co., 
Va.,  79  n.  by  e.  Richmond,  73  W. 

Raritan  Bay,  N.  J.,  lies  between  Sandy  Hook 
on  the  s.  E.,  Staten  island  on  the  n.,  and  Mon- 
mouth co.  on  the  s.  It  terminates  at  Amboy  on 
the  w.,  to  which  it  has  2\  fathoms  of  water. 


Rakitan,  r.,  N.  .1.,  is  formed  of  2  branches, 
which  unite  in  Somerset  CO.,  ami  enters  Karilan 
bay  at  Ainboy.  Sloops  of  80  tons  ascend  the  r. 
17  ms.  to  Brunswick,  with  8  feet  of  water.  Steam- 
boats run  daily  from  New  Brunswick  to  New 
York. 

Raritan,  t.,  Hunterdon  co.,  N.  J.,  20  n.  Tren- 
ton.   Drained  by  branches  of  Raritan  r.    It  has 

9  stores,  cap.  $30,300 ;  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  1 
pottery,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers, 
4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$14,400.     15  sch.  351  scholars.     Pop.  2,510. 

Rathbunville,  p-o.,  Addison  t.,  Steuben  co., 
N.  Y.,  233  w.  by  s.  Albany,  298  W. 

Raubsville,  p-o.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  110 
e.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  197  W. 

Ravenna,  p-t.,  capital  of  Portage  co.,  O.,  140 
n.  e.  Columbus,  319  W.  Watered  by  a  head 
branch  of  Beaver  cr.,  which  flows  ultimately  to 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  by  a  branch  of  Cuya- 
hoga r.,  which  flows  into  Lake  Erie,  both  of 
which  afford  water  power.  The  v.  is  pleasantly 
situated  on  a  plain,  near  the  branch  of  die  Cuya- 
hoga r.,  and  contains  an  elegant  court  house,  of 
stone,  a  jail,  a  female  seminary,  3  churches,  8  or 

10  stores,  and  many  handsome  dwellings.  The 
streets  cross  each  other  at  right  angles,  and  the 
court  house  stands  on  a  public  square.  The 
Pennsylvania  and  Ohio  canal  passes  through  the 
s.  part  of  the  v.,  and  affords  water  power,  and 
great  facilities  for  business.    There  are  in  the  t. 

9  sch.  371  scholars.    Pop.  1,542. 
Ravenswood,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Va.,  367  w. 

N.  w.  Richmond,  339  W. 

Ravenswood,  v.,  Newtown  t.,  Queens  co.,  N. 
Y.  Situated  on  the  East  r.,  opposite  to  Black- 
well's  island.  It  contains  about  20  dwellings 
and  125  inhabitants.  Steamboats  from  New 
York  stop  here  daily  several  times. 

Rawlingsburg,  p-v.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  C, 
103  n.  w.  Raleigh,  268  W. 

Rawlingsville,  p-v.,  De  Kalb  co.,  Ala.,  153 
N.  E.  Tuscaloosa,  664  W. 

Rawsonville,  v.,  Broadalbin  t.,  Fulton  co., 
N.  Y.  Situated  on  Fonda's  Bush  creek,  and  con- 
tains 3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  and 
1  Methodist — 5  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  I 
fulling  m.,  1  furnace,  1  paper  m.,  2  tanneries,  60 
dwellings,  and  about  400  inhabitants. 

Rawsonville,  p-v.,  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich., 
36  w.  Detroit,  522  W. 

Rawley's  Springs,  a  watering  place,  Rock- 
ingham co.,  Va.  Situated  12  miles  n.  w.  of  Har- 
risonburg, on  Dry  r.  There  are  accommodations 
for  from  60  to  100  persons  in  the  summer  season. 

Ray,  county,  Mo.  Situated  toward  the  H.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  570  square  miles. 
Drained  by  Crooked  r.  and  Fishing  cr.,  which 
flow  into  the  Missouri,  which  bounds  it  on  the  s. 
Capital,  Richmond.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  7,925,  sheep  6,702,  swine  25,909;  wheat 
15,284  bush,  produced,  Indian  corn  271,000,  oats 
65,793,  potatoes  45,600,  tobacco  61,700  pounds ; 
15  stores,  cap.  $62,000 ;  2  tanneries,  4  distilleries, 
8  grist  ra.,  7  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $38,050. 

10  sch.  206  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,714,  slaves 
831,  free  col'd  5 ;  total,  6,553.  , 

Ray,  p-t.,  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  37  N.  E.  Detroit, 
562  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain. 
It  has  10  sch.  298  scholars.    Pop.  805. 

Rayburn's,  p-o.,  Panola  co.,  Miss. 

Raymertown,  p-o.,  Pittstown  t.,  Rensselaer 
co.,  N.  Y.,  21  n.  e.  Albany,  389  W. 

Raymond,  p-t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  58  s.  w. 
Augusta,  561  W.  Sebago  pond  lies  on  its  s.  w. 
border.  There  is  another  large  pond  on  its  s.  E. 
part,  and  a  considerable  pond  in  its  n.  w.  part, 


REA 


560 


REA 


both  of  which  have    outlets   entering  Sebago 

rmd.    Incorporated  in  1803.     It  has  1  tannery, 
grist  m.,  4  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,500. 
19  sch.  488  scholars.     Pop.  2,032. 

Raymond,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.,  24  E.  s. 
E.  Concord,  472  W.  Watered  by  Lamprey  r. 
and  its  branches.  Incorporated  in  1765.  The 
soil  on  the  streams  is  productive.  It  has  9  sch. 
303  scholars.     Pop.  989. 

Raymond,  p-v.,  capital  of  Hinds  co.,  Miss.,  18 
w.  Jackson,  1,028  W.  Situated  on  a  small 
branch  of  Pearl  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
several  neat  dwellings,  and  about  400  inhabit- 
ants. 

Raymond,  p-v.,  Clarke  co.,  Ark.,  66  s.  w.  Lit- 
tle Rock,  1,131  W. 

Raymond's,  p-o.,  Union  co.,  O.,  66  N.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 456  W. 

Raymond's  Mills,  p-o.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  218 
w.  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  292  W. 

Raymondsville,  p-o.,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N. 
Y.,  246  n.  n.  w.  Albany,  516  W. 

Raynham,  t.,  Bristol  co.,  Mass.  First  settled 
in  1650,  chartered  in  1731,  having  before  been  a 
part  of  Taunton.  The  surface  is  level  ;  soil, 
fight.  Watered  by  Taunton  r.  on  its  s.  border, 
which  affords  water  power.  The  first  forge  in 
America  was  erected  in  this  t.  in  1652,  and  iron 
is  now  manufactured.  It  contains  3  churches — 
1  Congregational,  1  Unitarian,  and  1  Baptist.  It 
has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,000  ;  1  furnace,  1  forge,  ] 
tannery,  5  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$27,828.     7  sch.  353  scholars.     Pop.  1,329. 

Raynortown,  v.,  Hempstead  t.,  Queens  co., 
N.  Y.  Situated  near  Hempstead  bay,  and  con- 
tains 1  Presbyterian  church,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m., 
30  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Ray's  Hill,  p-o.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  86  w.  Har- 
risburg, 112  W. 

Raytown,  p-v.,  Taliaferro  co.,  Ga.,  61  n.  e. 
Milledgeville,  612  W. 

Ray  wick,  p-o.,  Marion  co.,  Ky.,  69  s.  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  591  W. 

Readfield,  p-t.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  12  w. 
Augusta,  604  W.  A  large  pond  in  the  s.  part 
lies  partly  in  Winthrop,  and  it  has  a  considerable 
pond  in  its  w.  part,  both  of  which  flow  through 
other  ponds  into  Cobbesseconte  r.,  and  through 
that  into  the  Kennebec  r.  It  is  a  fine  farming  t. 
with  a  fertile  soil.  The  "  Maine  Wesleyan 
Seminary,"  incorporated  in  1822,  is  located  here. 
It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $12,800;  1  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  3  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,125.  2  acad.  320 
students,  12  sch.  700  scholars.     Pop.  2,037. 

Readfield,  t.,  Oswego  co.,  N.  Y.,  15  e.  Pu- 
laski, 131  Albany.  The  surface  is  undulating; 
soil,  moist  loam,  well  adapted  to  grass.  Drained 
by  Salmon  r.  and  its  tributaries.  It  has  1  fur- 
nace, 1  tannery,  1  paper  fac,  2  printing  offices, 

1  bindery,  1  weekly  newspaper,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $23,700.  5  sch.  135  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  507. 

Reading,  p-t.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  61  s.  Mont- 
pelier,  478  W.  The  surface  is  elevated,  uneven 
and  mountainous ;  soil,  well  adapted  to  grazing. 
Watered  by  branches  of  Queechee  and  Black 
rivers,  and  by  Mill  r.  It  has  5  stores,  cap. 
$16,000;  4  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries, 

2  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,905. 
15  sch.  403  scholars.    Pop.  1,336. 

Reading,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  12  n. 
Boston,  452  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil, 
generally  fertile.  Drained  by  Ipswich  r.  In- 
corporated in  1644.  The  v.  contains  1  Congre- 
gational and  1  Unitarian  church,  several  stores, 
and  about  30  dwellings.    In  the  n.  part  of  the 


t.  is  another  Congregational,  and  a  Baptist 
church.  It  has  considerable  manufactures  of 
boots,  shoes,  cabinet  ware  and  chairs.  It  has  12 
stores,  cap.  $21,150  ;  4  forges,  4  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $70,475.  1  acad.  71  stu- 
dents, 9  sch.  40  scholars.     Pop.  2,193. 

Reading,  p-t.,  Fairfield  co.,  Ct.,  15  n.  w.  Bridge- 
port, 79  s.  w.  Hartford,  284  W.  The  surface  is  di- 
versified with  hills  and  valleys ;  soil,  generally  fer- 
tile. Watered  by  Saugatuck  and  Norwalk  rivers. 
It  contains  4  churches — 1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist, 

1  Congregational,  and  1  Baptist.  There  is  a  town 
house  near  the  centre,  where  are  the  Congre- 
gational and  Methodist  churches.  Joel  Barlow, 
LL.  D.,  was  born  here  in  1755.  It  has  6  stores, 
cap.  $32,600 ;  1  tannery,  5  grist  m.,  7  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $34,220.  1  acad.  9  students, 
9  sch.  259  scholars.    Pop.  1,674. 

Reading,  p-t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  21  e.  Bath, 
194  w.  by  s.  Albany,  305  W.  The  surface  is  ele- 
vated and  rolling ;  soil,  clay  and  calcareous  loam, 
well  adapted  to  wheat.  Seneca  lake  bounds  it 
on  the  e.,  into  which  a  few  small  streams  flow, 
by  which  it  is  drained.  It  has  5  stores,  cap. 
$14,000  ;  2  tanneries,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$1,050.     13  sch.  564  scholars.     Pop.  1,541. 

Reading,  p-b.,  capital  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  57  n. 
w.  Philadelphia,  52  e.  Harrisburg,  145  W.  Situ- 
ated on  the  E.  bank  of  Schuylkill  r.,  1  m.  below 
the  mouth  of  Tulpehocken  cr.  Laid  out  in  1748, 
by  Thomas  and  Richard  Penn,  proprietaries  and 
governors  of  the  province.  The  streets  are  spa- 
cious and  straight,  crossing  each  other  at  right 
angles,  5  running  e.  and  w.  and  9  iff.  and  s. 
There  is  a  square  in  the  centre,  on  which  stands 
a  splendid  court  house,  200  feet  long  by  220 
deep,  and  cost  $59,000.  There  are  also  public- 
offices,  a  jail,  3  banks,  an  academy,  3  public  li- 
braries, 1  in  German,  a  female  seminary,  12 
churches — 1  Lutheran,  1  German  Reformed,  1 
Episcopal,  1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  1  Metho- 
dist, 1  Friends,  1  Universalist,  1  Roman  Catholic, 
and  3  African — and  about  1,365  dwellings. 
Fifty-five  thousand  dozens  of  hats  are  manufac- 
tured annually,  for  the  southern  and  western 
markets.     Seven  weekly  newspapers  are  issued, 

2  of  them  in  German,  one  of  which  last  has  been 
published  for  40  years,  with  a  large  circulation. 
A  rolling  m.  can  roll  3,500  tons  of  bar  iron,  and 
.1,500  tons  of  nails  can  be  manufactured  annually. 
The  fires  are  exclusively  of  anthracite  coal. 
White  wines  of  an  excellent  quality  are  made  to 
the  amount  of  100  barrels  annually  Two  fine 
covered  bridges  cross  the  Schuylkill,  here  600 
feet  wide,  one  of  which  cost  $60,000.  The 
Schuylkill  and  Union  canal  meet  here,  and  the 
Philadelphia  and  Reading  railroad  passes  through 
the  place.  It  is  abundantly  supplied  with  spring 
water  in  pipes.  Iron  ore  and  limestone  are  found 
in  the  vicinity.  It  had  in  1840,  23  stores,  cap. 
$161,600  ;  3  lumber  yards,  cap.  $60,000  ;  1  forge, 

3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2  breweries,  1  pottery,  1 
printing  office,  5  weekly  newspapers,  2  grist  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $66,750.    Pop.  8,410. 

Reading,  t.,  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  13  N.Gettysburg. 
The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  red  shale  and  slate. 
Drained  by  Conewago  cr.  and  Muddy  run,  a 
branch  of  Bermudian  cr.  It  contains  the  v.  of 
Berlin,  on  Conewago  cr.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$4,000 ;  1  tannerv,  2  potteries.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $5,450.     3  sch.  100  scholars.     Pop.  1,026. 

Reading,  p-v.,  Sycamore  t,  Hamilton  co.,  O., 
9  n.  Cincinnati,  105  s.  w.  by  w.  Columbus,  489 
W.  Situated  1  m.  w.  of  the  Miami  canal,  at 
Reading  Locks. 

Reading,  t.,  Perry  co.,  O.  It  contains  Somer- 
set v.,  the  capital  of  the  co.,  and  New  Reading 


RED 


561 


RED 


and  Perry  villages.     It  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,000 ; 

2  tanneries,  1  pottery,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.     Cap. 
in  manufac.  $7,500.     1  sch.  74  scholars.    Pop.  193. 

Reading,  p  t.,  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  106  w.  s. 
w.  Detroit,  514  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted 
to  grain.  Drained  by  Little  St  Joseph's  r.  It  has 
4  sch.  78  scholars.     Pop.  331. 

Reading  Ridge,  p-v.,  Reading  t.,  Fairfield  co., 
Ct.,  66  s.  w.  Hartford,  284  W.  Situated  in  the 
E.  part  of  the  t.,  and  contains  an  Episcopal  church, 
and  a  number  of  dwellings. 

Reading  Town  House,  p-v.,  Reading  t.,  Fair- 
field co.,  Ct.,  68  s.  w.  Hartford,  286  W.  Situated 
near  the  centre  of  the  t.,  and  contains  a  town 
house,  2  churches,  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Readington,  p-t.,  Hunterdon  co.,  N.  J.,  8  n. 
e.  Flemington.  The  surface  is  hilly,  excepting 
in  the  s.  e.,  where  it  is  level ;  soil,  red  shale, 
clay,  and  loam.  Drained  by  Rockaway  cr.  and 
its  branches,  and  by  the  s.  branch  of  Raritan  r. 
It  contains  White  House  and  Potterstown  vil- 
lages.    It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $17,100;  3  tanneries, 

3  distilleries,  6  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.     Cap. 
in  manufac.  §2,825.  11  sch.  306  schl's.  Pop.  2,373. 

Readyville,  p-v.,  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn,,  47 
s.  e.  Nashville,  652  W.  Situated  on  a  branch  of 
Cumberland  r. 

Reamsville,  p-v.,  Cocalico  t.,  Lancaster  co., 
Pa.,  42  e.  s.  e.  Ilarrisburg,  131  W.  It  contains 
several  stores,  and  about  40  dwellings. 

Rebecca  Furnace,  p-o.,  Bottetourt  co.,  Va., 
171  w.  Richmond,  218  W.  Situated  on  a  branch 
of  James  r.,  3i  ms.  from  it,  which  is  navigable 
thus  far  for  boats  of  from  4  to  7  tons.  The  fur- 
nace here  employs  150  persons,  more  than  half 
of  whom  are  blacks.  There  is  a  white  sulphur 
spring  in  the  vicinity. 

Rebersburg,  p-v.,  Miles  t.,  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  93 
n.  w.  Harrisburg,  184  W.  It  contains  a  store, 
and  about  20  dwellings. 

Recklesstown,  p-v.,  Chesterfield  t.,  Burling- 
ton co.,  N.  J.,  10  s.  Trenton,  171  W.  It  contains 
a  store,  and  about  12  dwellings. 

Rectors  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Fauquier  co., 
Va.,  130  n.  by  w.  Richmond,  51  W. 

Rectortown,  p-v.,  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  122  n. 
by  w.  Richmond,  59  W.  Situated  1  m.  s.  E.  of 
Goose  cr.,  and  contains  1  Methodist  church,  2 
stores,  3  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  carding  machine, 
24  dwellings,  and  about  100  inhabitants. 

Red  Bank,  p-v.,  Shrewsbury  t.,  Monmouth 
co.,  N.  J.,  46  e.  Trenton.  Situated  on  the  s. 
bank  of  Neversink  r.,  and  contains  5  stores,  and 
about  100  dwellings.  A  steamboat  runs  between 
it  and  New  York  in  the  summer  season ;  and 
many  persons  resort  here  for  sea  air,  fishing,  and 
rural  sports,  and  find  accommodation  in  the 
houses  of  the  respectable  farmers.  A  bridge 
300  feet  long  crosses  the  r.  at  this  place. 

Red  Bank,  p-t.,  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  190  w.  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  256  W.  The  surface  is  rolling: 
soil,  loam.  Drained  by  Red  Bank.  Mahoning 
and  Beaver  creeks.  Alum  is  found  in  the  t. 
It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $8,400 ;  1  distillery,  1  pot- 
tery, 5  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $10,190.    24  sch.  836  scholars.    Pop.  3,078. 

Red  Bank,  p-o.,  Colleton  dist.,  S.  C,  88  Co- 
lumbia, 594  W. 

Red  Banks,  p-o.,  Shenandoah  co.,  Va.,  150  n. 
w.  Richmond,  113  W. 

Red  Bluff,  p-o.,  Wythe  co.,  Va.,  255  w.  by 
s.  Richmond,  323  W. 

Red  Bridge,  p-o.,  Hawkins  co.,Tenn.,  236  e. 
Nashville,  446  W. 

Red  Clay,  p-o.,  Murray  co.,  Ga. 

Red  Creek,  p-o..  Wayne  co.,  N.  C,  186  s.  e. 
Raleigh,  336  W. 


Reddington,  p-v.,  Jackson  co.,  la.,  ft5  s. 
Indianapolis,  591  W. 

Reddy's  Rivek,  Wilkes  co.,  N.  C,  185  w.  by 
n.  Raleigh,  382  W. 

Redfield,  p-t.,  Oswego  co.,  N.  Y.,  139  w.  n. 
w.  Albany,  402  W.  The  surface  is  undulating ; 
soil,  moist  loam,  well  adapted  to  great.  Drained 
by  Salmon  r.  and  its  tributaries.  It  has  1  fur- 
nace, 1  tannery,  1  paper  fac,  2  printing  offices, 

1  bindery,  1  weekly  newspaper,  1  grist  m.,  4 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $23,700.  5  sch.  135 
scholars.     Pop.  507. 

Redford,  p-v.,  Saranac  t.,  Clinton  co.,  N.  Y., 
185  n.  Albany,  560  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side 
of  Saranac  r.,  and  contains  1  church,  3  stores,  an 
extensive  glass  fac,  80  dwellings,  and  about  500 
inhabitants.     Iron  ore  is  found  in  the  vicinity. 

Redford,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  13  n.  w. 
Detroit,  537  W.  Watered  by  the  n.  branch  of 
Rouge  r.  and  Powers  cr.  The  v.  is  situated  on 
the  w.  bank  of  Rouge  r.,  which  affords  water 
power,  and  contains  1  store,  1  flouring  m.,  2  saw 
m.,  and  a  number  of  dwellings.  There  are  in 
the  t.  3  stores,  cap.  $1,800 ;  1  grist  m.,  6  saw  m., 
12  sch.  383  scholars.    Pop.  1,108. 

Red  Hill,  a  summit  in  Moultonborough  t., 
Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  is  situated  a  little  n.  of  Win- 
nipiseogee  lake,  and  commands  an  extensive  and 
fine  view  of  that  romantic  region. 

Red  Hill,  p-o.,  Kershaw  dist.,  S.  C,  49  n.  e. 
Columbia,  488  W. 

Red  Hill,  p-o.,  Murray  co.,  Ga.,  198  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  623  W. 

Red  Hill,  p-o.,  Marshall  co.,  Ala.,  120  n.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  718  W. 

Red  Hill,  p-o.,  Granger  co.,  Tenn.,  218  e. 
Nashville,  438  W. 

Red  Hook,  p-t.,  Dutchess  co.,  N.  Y.,  22  n. 
Poughkeepsie,  49  s.  Albany,  321  W.  The  sur- 
face is  rolling;  soil,  clay  and  loam.  Hudson 
river  bounds  it  on  the  w.  A  few  small  streams 
How  into  the  Hudson.  It  has  2  landings,  called 
Lower  Red  Hook  and  Upper  Red  Hook.  Lower 
Red  Hook  v.  is  situated  3  ms.  e.  of  the  landing, 
and  contains  1  Dutch  Reformed  church,  4  stores, 
50  dwellings,  and  about  350  inhabitants.  Upper 
Red  Hook  v.  is  4  ms.  s.  s.  E.  of  the  upper  landing, 
and  contains  1  Dutch  Reformed  church,  an  acad- 
emy, 3  stores,  40  dwellings,  and  about  300  inhab- 
itants.   There  are  in  the  t.  1 1  stores,  cap.  $26,000 ; 

2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $7,500 ;  1  tannery,  7  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  m  manufac.  $44,800.  1  acad. 
33  students,  5  sch.  155  scholars.     Pop.  2,829. 

Red  House,  p-o.,  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  103  w.  s. 
w.  Richmond,  193  W. 

Red  House,  p-o.,  Caswell  co.,  N.  C,  69  n.  w. 
Raleigh,  255  W. 

Red  House  Shoals,  p-o.,  Mason  co.,  Va.,  377 
w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  374  W. 

Red  Lion,  p-v.,  and  hundred,  New  Castle  co., 
Del.,  35  n.  Dover,  122  W.  The  v.  is  situated  on 
Red  Lion  cr.,  which  derives  its  name  from  the 
principal  tavern.  There  are  in  the  h.  5  stores, 
cap.  $23,000 ;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $3,000.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $3,450.  3  sch.  135  scholars.  Pop. 
1,401. 

Red  Lion,  p-o.,  Clear  Creek  t.,  Warren  co.,  O., 
90  s.  w.  Columbus,  474  W.  It  contains  1  store, 
several  mechanic  shops,  and  about  75  inhabitants. 

Red  Mills,  p-o.,  Carmel  t.,  Putnam  co.,  N.  Y., 
107  s.  Albany,  280  W. 

Red  Mound,  p-o.,  Henderson  co.,  Term.,  114 
w.  s.  w.  Nashville,  799  W. 

Red  Mountain,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C,  39  n. 
w.  Raleigh,  265  W.  v 

Red  Oak,  p-o.,  Columbia  co.,  Ga.,  101  e.  n.  e. 
Milledgeville,  589  W. 


RED 


562 


REI 


Red  Oak  Grove,  p-o.,  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  112 
s.  w.  Richmond,  210  W. 

Red  Pi.ai.vs,  p-o.,  Surry  co.,  N.  C,  128  w.  N. 
w.  Raleigh,  336  W. 

Red,  r.,  La.,  Ark.,  &c,  is  the  first  large  r.  which 
enters  the  Mississippi  above  its  mouth,  and  rises 
at  the  base  of  the  range  of  the  Rocky  mountains, 
near  Santa  Fe,  in  Mexico.  It  is  formed  by  sev- 
eral head  branches,  and  receives  several  tributa- 
ries, the  largest  of  which  are  Blue  r.  and  False 
Washita.  The  s.  bank  of  it  forms,  for  a  great  dis- 
tance, the  boundary  between  the  United  States 
and  Texas.  A  greater  part  of  its  course  is  through 
rich  prairies  of  a  red  soil,  which  colors  the  water 
of  the  r.,  and  has  been  the  origin  of  its  name.  Its 
shores  are  covered  with  grass,  and  abound  with 
grape-vines,  which  produce  an  excellent  fruit. 
About  100  ms.  above  Natchitoches  commences 
what  is  denominated  the  Raft,  which  consists  of 
a  swampy  expansion  of  the  r.  to  the  width  of  20 
or  30  ms.,  and  has  a  length  of  60  or  70  ms.  The 
r.  divides  into  a  great  number  of  channels,  many 
of  which  are  shallow,  and  these  channels  have 
been  obstructed  by  fallen  trees,  brought  down 
by  floods  from  its  upper  parts.  In  some  places, 
the  raft  covered  the  whole  r.,  and  had  grass  and 
willows  growing  on  the  alluvial  soil  collected  on 
it,  and  could  be  even  crossed  on  horseback, 
though  not  without  danger.  But  more  generally 
the  r.  appeared  between  the  masses  of  timber. 
At  a  great  expense,  this  raft  has  been  so  far  re- 
moved by  the  U.  S.  government,  that  steamboats 
pass  through  it.  Boats  sometimes  pass  the  raft 
by  leaving  the  r.  above  it,  in  a  channel  which 
flows  out  of  it  into  some  neighboring  lake,  and 
following  the  outlet  of  this  lake,  until  it  joins  the 
r.  below  the  raft.  This  raft  has  been  a  serious 
obstruction,  as  the  r.  would  otherwise  be  naviga- 
ble for  steamboats  400  ms.,  and  the  lands  on  its 
borders  are  highly  fertile,  and  desirable  for  culti- 
vation for  a  great  distance  above  the  raft.  Below 
the  raft,  and  4  ms.  above  Natchitoches,  the  whole 
volume  of  the  r.  is  again  united,  but  very  soon 
divides  into  many  channels,  and  fills  an  immense 
number  of  bayous  and  lakes,  that  lie  parallel  to 
it.  In  its  lower  parts,  the  main  channel  of  the 
r.  is  narrower  than  above  the  raft. 

Red  River,  t.,  Lafayette  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  631. 

Red  River,  t.,  White  co.,  Ark.  It  has  2 
grist  m. 

Red  River,  p-o.,  Robertson  co.,  Tenn.,  36  n. 
Nashville,  718  W. 

Red  River  Iron  Works,  p-v.,  Estell  co.,  Ky., 
74  s.  E.  Frankfort,  529  W.  Situated  s.  side  of 
Red  r.,  and  contains  75  inhabitants. 

Red  Rock,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  179  n.  e.  Har- 
risburg,  276  W. 

Red  Shoals,  p-o.,  Stokes  co.,  N.  C,  135  w.  n. 
w.  Raleigh,  323  W. 

Redstone,  t.,  Fayette  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  wool- 
len fac,  1  distillery,  1  paper  fac,  1  flouring  m.,  4 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $24,695. 
2  sch.  59  scholars.     Pop.  1,159. 

Red  Sulphur  Springs,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Va., 
249  w.  Richmond,  286  W.  Situated  on  Indian 
or.,  40  ms.  s.  w.  of  White  Sulphur  Springs.  It 
flows  from  a  rock  into  a  quadrangular  reservoir, 
composed  of  4  slabs  of  while  marble,  the  lower 
edges  of  which  rest  upon  the  rock  from  which 
the  water  flows.  The  reservoir  is  6  feet  long,  5 
wide,  and  4i  deep,  and  a  red  substance  covers 
the  bottom  and  the  lower  part  of  the  sides,  giving 
to  the  water  a  red  tinge.  The  water  is  clear  and 
cool,  has  a  temperature  of  5 1°  of  Fahrenheit,  and 
is  charged  with  sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas,  and 
several  neutral  salts.  It  is  on  a  triangular  plain, 
surrounded  by  mountains,  and  is  covered  by  an 


octagon  building,  the  second  story  of  which  is 
used  as  a  chapel.  There  are  2  large  hotels,  and 
3  rows  of  cabins  of  2  rooms  each,  for  the  accom- 
modation of  families.  The  hotels  are  well  kept. 
Redwood,  p-v.,  Alexandria  t.,  Jefferson  co., 
N.  Y.,  188  n.  w.  Albany,  440  W.  Situated  at 
the  head  of  Butterfield  lake,  and  contains  2  stores, 

1  large  glass  fac,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  35  dwell- 
ings, and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Redwood  Grove,  p-o.,  E.  Baton  Rouge  par., 
La. 

Reed,  t,  Seneca  co.,  O.  It  has  1  store.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $690.  8  sch.  259  scholars.  Pop. 
1,214. 

Reedsborough,  t.,  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  12  s. 
e.  Bennington,  18  s.  w.  Brattleboro'.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous,  being  in  the  Green  moun- 
tain range,  and  much  of  it  is  unfit  for  cultivation. 
Watered  by  Deerfield  r.  and  a  considerable 
branch,  which  afford  water  power.  The  turn- 
pike from  Bennington  to  Brattleboro',  across  the 
mountain,  passes  through  its  n.  part.  It  has  1 
woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $41,750.  4  sch.  127  scholars. 
Pop.  767. 

Reedsborough  City,  p-v.,  Reedsboro'  t.,  Ben- 
nington co.,  Vt.,  147  Montpelier,  416  W. 

Reedsburg,  p-o.,  Plain  t.,  Wayne  co.,  O.,  86 
N.  N.  E.  Columbus,  355  W. 

Reed's  Corners,  p-o.,  Canandaigua  t.,  Ontario 
co.,  N.  Y. 

Reed's  Creek,  p-o.,  Lawrence  co.,  Ark.,  110 
n.  e.  Little  Rock,  1,027  W. 

Reeds  Mills,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  O.,  77  s.  s.  E. 
Columbus,  373  W. 

Reedtown,  p-o.,  Reed  t.f  Seneca  co.,  O.,  86  n. 
Columbus,  408  W. 

Reedy  Creek,  p-o.,  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  283 
e.  Nashville,  395  W. 

Reedy  Spring,  p-o.,  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  106 
w.  s.  w.  Richmond,  192  W. 

Reform,  p-o.,  Effingham  co.,  Ga.,  128  e.  s.  e. 
Milledgeville,  677  W. 

Reform,  p-o.,  Pickens  co.,  Ala. 

Regniers  Mills,  p-o.,  Aurelius  t,  Washington 
co.,  O.,  106  e.  s.  e.  Columbus,  307  W. 

Rehoboth,  p-t.,  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  40  s.  by  w. 
Boston,  413  W.  The  situation  is  pleasant,  and 
the  soil  adapted  to  tillage.  Watered  by  Pal- 
mer's r.,  which  affords  water  power.  It  contains 
5  churches — 2  Baptist,  1  Congregational,  1  Re- 
formed Methodist,  and  1  Christian.  It  has  5 
stores,  cap.  $6,600 ;  2  cotton  fac  1,810  sp.,  4  grist 
m.,  4sawm.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $30,100.  15  sch. 
324  scholars.     Pop.  2,169. 

Rehoboth,  p-v.,  Somerset  co.,  Md. 

Rehoboth,  p-v.,  Lunenburg  co.,  Va.,  85  s.  w. 
Richmond,  204  W. 

Rehoboth,  p-v.,  Edgefield  diet.,  S.  C,  80  w. 
Columbia,  558  W. 

Rehoboth,  p-v.,  Wilkes  co.,  Ga.,  83  N.  E.  Mil- 
ledgeville, 576  W. 

Rehoboth,  p-v.,  Perry  co.,  O.,  51  e.  by  s.  Co- 
lumbus, 358  W.     It  contains  2  churches,  3  stores, 

2  tobacco  warehouses,  1  carding  machine,  about 
50  dwellings,  and  300  inhabitants. 

Rehoboth  Village,  p-v.,  Rehoboth  t.,  Bris- 
tol co.,  Mass.,  44  Boston,  409  W. 

Rehobothville,  p-v.,  Morgan  co.,  Ga.,  66  n. 
n.  w.  Milledgeville,  623  W. 

Rehrersburg,  p-v.,  Tulpehocken  t,  Berks 
co.,  Pa.,  55  e.  Harrisburg,  165  W.  It  contains  1 
Presbyterian  and  1  Lutheran  church,  3  stores, 
and  about  50  dwellings. 

Reidsburg,  p-v.,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  187  w. 
N.  w.  Harrisburg,  264  W. 

Reid  Island,  p-o.,  Pulaski  co.,  Va. 


REN 


563 


RHl 


Reids  Stork,  p-o.,  Copiah  co.,  Miss.,  52  s. 
1,062  W. 


K.  Jackson,  1, 

Reidsville,  p-o.,  Bern  t ,  Albany  co.,  N.  Y 
18  w.  Albany,  3/2  W.  • 

Reidsville,  p-v..  Rockingham  co.,  N.  C,  108 
N.  w.  Raleigh,  277  W. 

Reidsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Tatnall  co.,  Ga., 
162  s.  e.  Milledgeville,  773  W.  Situated  on  the 
w.  side  of  the  Great  Ohoopee  river,  and  con- 
tains a  court  house,  a  store,  and  about  30  inhabit- 
ants. 

Reilky,  p-o.,  Butler  co.,  O.,  Ill  w.  s.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 508  W. 

Rein iioldsville,  p-v.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  41 
E.  s.  E.  Harrisburg,  139  W. 

Reistkrtown,  p-v.,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  17  n. 
w.  Baltimore,  46  n.  Annapolis,  56  W.  Situated 
a  few  ms.  e.  of  the  Patapsco  river,  and  contains 
about  100  inhabitants. 

Remsen,  p-t.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  18  n.  Utica, 
100  \v.  N.  w.  Albany,  405  VV.  The  surface  is 
hilly  ;  soil,  moderately  good.  Drained  by  Black 
r.  The  v.  contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Baptist 
church,  4  stores,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  60  dwell- 
ings, and  about  450  inhabitants.  It  has  6  stores, 
capital  $58,400;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  7  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,575.  13  sch.  600  scholars. 
Pop.  1,638. 

Renick's  Valley,  p-o.,  Greenbrier  co.,  Va. 
Rensselaer,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  in  the 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  626  square  ms. 
Organized  in  1791.  It  is  bounded  by  Hudson  r. 
on  the  w.  The  surface  is  hilly,  interspersed 
with  extensive  and  fertile  valleys.  Drained  by 
Hoosic  r.,  Poestenkill,  and  Wynantskill,  all  flow- 
ing into  Hudson  r.,  and  affording  water  power. 
The  Albany  and  West  Stockbridge  railroad  com- 
mences at  Greenbush  v.,  and  a  branch  of  it  is  ex- 
tending to  Troy,  to  connect  with  railroads  to 
Schenectady  and  Saratoga.  Capital,  Troy.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  32,174,  sheep  134,864, 
swine  27,916 ;  wheat  21,454  bush,  produced,  rye 
247,703,  Indian  corn  329,193,  buckwheat  54,767, 
barley  9,488,  oats  810,333,  potatoes  759,346,  hops 
2,500  pounds,  sugar  30,548 ;  44  commercial  and 
13  commission  houses,  cap.  §2,274,621 ;  403  stores, 
cap.  $1,3 11,913 ;  19  lumber  yards,  cap.  $206,000 ; 
4  furnaces,  8  forges,  16  fulling  m.,  13  woollen 
fac,  21  cotton  fac.  54,035  sp.,  3  rope  fac,  22  tan- 
neries, 1  distillery,  4  breweries,  2  powder  m.,  1 
glass  fac,  1  pottery,  18  flouring  m.,  37  grist  m., 
106  saw  m.,  8  oil  m.,  4  paper  fac,  6  printing 
offices,  1  periodical,  2  daily,  4  weekly,  1  semi- 
weekly  newspapers.  Capital  in  manufactures 
$3,351,233.  12  acad.  546  students,  239  schools 
11,512  scholars.     Pop.  60,259. 

Rensselaer,  v.,  Sand  Lake  t,  Rensselaer  co., 
N.  Y.,  17  s.  e.  Troy.  It  contains  3  churches — 
1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist — 3 
stores,  1  glass  fac,  and  several  saw  m.  in  the 
vicinity. 

Rensselaer,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jasper  co.,  la. 
Situated  on  Iroquois  r. 

Rensselaerville,  p-t.,  Albany  co.,  N.  Y.,  26 
w.  Albany,  369  W.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
portions  of  the  Catskill  mountains  extend  into 
it ;  soil,  sandy  loam,  and  generally  very  fertile. 
Drained  by  Catskill  and  Foxes  creeks.  The  v 
is  situated  on  Foxes  cr.,  and  contains  4  churches 
— 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  and  1 
Methodist — 7  stores,  3  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  clo- 
thier's works  and  carding  machine,  1  furnace,  1 
machine  shop,  1  tannery,  150  dwellings,  and 
about  1,000  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  22 
stores,  cap.  $49,550 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
1  furnace,  9  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.    Cap. 


in  manufac  $144,300.  1  acad.  55  students,  20 
sch.  1,188  scholars.     Pop.  3,705. 

Republic,  p  o.,  Scipio  t.,  Seneca  co.,  O. 

Republican,  p-o.,  Westmoreland  t.,  Oneida 
co.,  N.  Y. 

Republican,  p-o.,  German  t.,  Darke  co.,  0.,91 
w.  Columbus,  417  W. 

Republican,  p-o.,  Columbia  co.,  Ga.,  73  E.  N. 
e.  Milledgeville,  612  W. 

Republican  Grove,  p-o.,  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  140 
s.  w.  Richmond,  227  W. 

Reservation,  p-o.,  Alden  t.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y., 
272  w.  Albany,  378  W. 

Reserve,  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  tan- 
neries, 1  paper  fac  Cap.  in  manufac.  $46,000. 
3  sch.  175  scholars.    Pop.  1,443. 

Retreat,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  189  w.  s.  w. 
Richmond,  264  W. 

Reullurd,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  Tenn.,  105  w. 
Nashville,  790  W. 

Rexburg,  p  o.,  Essex  co.,  Va.,  58  n.  e.  Rich- 
mond, 104  W. 

Rexford  Flats,  p-o.,  Clifton  Park  t.,  Sarato- 
ga co.,  N.  Y.,  21  n.  w.  Albany,  389  W. 

Reynoldsburg,  p-v.,  Truro  t,  Franklin  co., 
O.,  11  e.  Columbus,  332  W.  Situated  on  the  e. 
bank  of  Black  Lick  cr.,  which  affords  good  water 
power.  Organized  in  1831,  and  contains  2  church- 
es, 3  stores,  about  50  dwellings,  and  300  inhabit- 
ants. 

Reynoldsburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Humphrey's 
co.,  Tenn.,  69  w.  Nashville,  753  W.  Situated 
on  the  e.  side  of  the  Tennessee  r.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  8  stores,  and  200  inhabitants. 

Reynoldsville,  p-v.,  Hector  t.,  Tompkins  co., 
N.  Y.,  178  w.  by  s.  Albany,  311  W.  It  contains 
1  Methodist  church,  1  store,  1  saw  m.,  1  tannery, 
30  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Rhea,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  440  square  ms. 
Drained  by  branches  of  Tennessee  river,  which 
bounds  it  on  the  E.  Capital,  Washington.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,156,  sheep  2,843, 
swine  13.386 ;  wheat  19,648  bush,  produced,  rye 
3,851,  Indian  corn  248,477,  oats  44,760,  potatoes 
5,689,  tobacco  5,305  pounds,  cotton  8,741  ;  6 
stores,  cap.  $21,500 ;  1  forge,  7  tanneries,  13  dis- 
tilleries, 7  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$16,190.  Pop.  whites  3,580,  slaves  377,  free  col'd 
28 ;  total,  3,985. 

Rhea's  Store,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Va.,  319 
w.  by  s.  Richmond,  387  W. 

Rheatown,  p-v.,  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  263  e. 
Nashville,  427  W.  Situated  a  few  miles  n  of 
the  Nolichucky  r. 

Rhinebeck,  p-t.,  Dutchess  co.,  N.  Y.,  55  s. 
Albany,  315  W.  The  surface  is  mostly  level  on 
the  w.,  rolling  on  the  E.  The  flats  near  the  centre 
are  easily  cultivated,  and  very  productive.  Hud- 
son r.  runs  on  its  w.  border.  Drained  by  Landt- 
man's  cr.  The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated  2  miles 
from  the  landing  on  Hudson  r.  Incorporated  in 
1826,  and  contains  3  churches,  an  academy,  12 
stores,  1  iron  foundry,  1  paper  m.,  1  grist  m.  on 
Landtman's  cr.,  200  dwellings,  and  about  1,200 
inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  9  stores,  capital 
$41,500 ;  3  lumber  yards,  cap.  $7,000 ;  1  tannery, 
1  paper  fac,  1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $33,300.  4  sch.  27  scholars. 
Pop.  2,659. 

Rhinebeck  Landing,  v.,  Rhinebeck  t.,  Dutch- 
ess co.,  N.  Y.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Hud- 
son r.,  where  steamboats  land  and  receive  pas- 
sengers several  times  daily,  and  a  steamboat  with 
freight  barges  plies  to  New  York.  It  contains  2 
stores  and  about  30  dwellings. 


RHO 564 RHO 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

1 

Rhode  Island,  or,  according  to  its  original  name,  Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Plantations, 
one  of  the  northern  United  States,  is  situated  between  41°  22'  and  42°  3'  n.  lat.,  and  between  71° 
6'  and  71°  38'  w.  Ion.,  and  between  5°  7'  and  5°  54'  E.  from  W.  It  is  about  49  miles  long  and  29 
broad,  containing  1,360  square  miles,  of  which  Narraganset  bay  includes  130,  or,  in  the  whole, 
870,400  acres,  and  is  the  smallest  state  in  the  Union. 

The  population  in  1790  was  58,825;  in  1800,  69,122;  in  1810,  76,931;  in  1820,  83,059;  in  1830, 
97,212;  in  1840,  108,830.  Of  these,  51,362  were  white  males;  54,225  do.  females;  colored 
free  males,  1,413;  do.  females,  1,825.  Employed  in  agriculture,  16,617;  in  commerce,  1,348; 
manufactures  and  trades,  21,271 ;  navigating  the  ocean,  1,717;  learned  professions,  &c,  457. 

It  is  divided  into  5  counties,  which,  with  their  population  in  1840,  and  their  capitals,  were  as 
follows  :  Providence,  58,073,  Providence  ;  Newport,  16,874,  Newport ;  Bristol,  6,476,  Bristol ; 
Kent,  13,083,  East  Greenwich;  Washington,  14,324,  South  Kingston. 

Newport  and  Providence  are  the  principal  seats  of  government;  but  the  legislature  meets  annu- 
ally at  the  former  in  May,  and  at  the  latter,  alternately  with  South  Kingston,  in  October. 

The  N.  w.  part  of  the  state  is  hilly  and  rocky.  The  hills,  though  not  elevated,  are  found  through 
the  northern  third  of  the  state  ;  the  remainder  is  mostly  level.  The  soil  in  the  w.  and  N.  w.  parts 
is  thin  and  lean ;  but  near  Narraganset  bay,  and  on  the  islands  in  it,  it  has  great  fertility.  It  is 
better  for  grazing  than  for  grain,  and  is  distinguished  for  the  excellence  of  its  cattle  and  sheep,  and 
its  butter  and  cheese.  Indian  corn,  rye,  barley,  oats,  and,  in  some  places,  wheat,  are  produced, 
but  not  in  sufficient  quantity  for  exportation.  Grass,  fruits,  and  culinary  vegetables,  are  produced 
in  great  perfection. 

The  rivers  and  bays  abound  in  excellent  fish.  There  were  in  1840  in  the  state,  8,024  horses  and 
mules;  36,891  neat  cattle;  90,146  sheep;  30,659  swine.  There  were  raised  3,098  bush,  of  wheat ; 
66,490  of  barley;  171,517  of  oats;  34,521  of  rye  ;  2,979  of  buckwheat;  450,498  of  Indian  corn  ; 
183,830  pounds  of  wool ;  911,973  bushels  of  potatoes ;  383  tons  of  hemp  and  flax.  The  products  of 
the  dairy  amounted  to  $223,229;  of  the  orchard,  $32,098;  of  lumber,  $44,455. 

The  exports  consist  chiefly  of  flaxseed,  horses,  cattle,  beef,  pork,  fish,  poultry,  onions,  butter, 
cheese,  barley,  and  cotton  goods.  The  manufactures  exceed  those  of  any  other  state,  in  propor- 
tion to  its  population,  the  principal  of  which  is  cotton.  They  also  have  manufactures  of  woollen, 
iron,  cordage,  &c.    This  state  has  extensive  shipping. 

The  climate  is  healthy,  and  more  mild,  particularly  on  the  islands,  than  in  any  other  part  of 
New  England.  The  sea-breezes  moderate  the  heat  of  summer  and  the  cold  of  winter;  and  New- 
port is  a  favorite  resort,  particularly  during  the  summer. 

The  rivers  are  not  large,  but  furnish  some  fine  mill  seats,  and  are  extensively  used  for  manufac- 
turing purposes.  The  principal  are  Pawtucket,  Providence,  Pawtuxet,  Pawcatuck,  and  Wood. 
Narraganset  Bay  extends  from  n.  to  s.  over  30  miles  into  the  state,  and  contains  a  number  of  fine 
islands.  The  principal  are  Rhode  island,  15  miles  long,  with  an  average  width  of  2i  miles ;  Ca- 
nonicut,  8  miles  long  and  1  broad ;  Prudence,  6  miles  long ;  and  Block  island,  10  miles  out  in  the 
Atlantic,  8  miles  long  and  from  2  to  4  broad.  It  constitutes  the  township  of  New  Shoreham,  and 
has  a  light-house.  Newport,  on  the  s.  w.  part  of  Rhode  Island,  has  one  of  the  finest  harbors  in  the 
world,  being  spacious,  safe,  and  easily  accessible.  Providence,  at  the  head  of  Narraganset  bay, 
36  miles  above  Point  Judith,  is  accessible  by  large  ships.  In  population,  commerce,  and  wealth, 
this  is  the  second  city  in  New  England.  It  has  been  extensively  engaged  in  the  West  India,  and 
also  in  the  East  India  trade.  Bristol,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  bay,  15  miles  n.  of  Newport,  has  a  safe 
and  commodious  harbor,  and  considerable  trade.  Pawtucket,  4  miles  n.  of  Providence,  and  Paw- 
tuxet village,  10  miles  s.  of  Providence,  have  extensive  manufactures. 

The  exports  of  this  state  in  1840  amounted  to  $206,989,  and  the  imports  to  $274,534. 

There  were  in  1840,  in  this  state,  44  commercial  and  57  commission  houses  engaged  in  foreign 
trade,  with  a  capital  of  $2,043,507 ;  930  drygoods  and  other  retail  stores,  employing  a  capital  of 
$2,810,125 ;  58  persons  engaged  in  transportation,  with  83  butchers,  packers,  &c,  employing  a  cap- 
ital of  $71,050  ;  262  persons  engaged  in  the  lumber  trade,  employing  a  capital  of  $254,900;  1,160 
persons  employed  in  the  fisheries,  and  a  capital  of  $1,077,157. 

The  manufactures  of  this  small  state  deserve  particular  notice.  Home-made  or  family  goods 
were  produced  to  the  amount  of  $51,180 ;  41  woollen  manufactories,  with  45  fulling  mills,  employ- 
ing 961  persons,  produced  goods  to  the  amount  of  $842,172,  with  a  capital  of  $685,350  ;  209  cotton 
manufactories,  with  518,817  spindles,  employed  12^086  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of 
$7,116,792,  and  employed  a  capital  of  $7,326,000;  27  persons  produced  1,000  tons  of  anthracite 
coal,  with  a  capital  of  $6,000  ;  5  furnaces  produced  4,126  tons  of  cast  iron,  and  had  a  capital  of 
$22,250 ;  2  paper  mills  produced  articles  to  the  amount  of  $25,000,  and  other  paper  manufactures 
produced  to  the  amount  of  $8,500,  employing  15  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $45,000 ;  hats  and  caps 


RHO  565  RHO 


were  manufactured  to  the  amount  of  §93,465,  and  straw  bonnets  to  the  amount  of  $86,106,  the 
whole  employing  411  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $66,427;  27  tanneries  employed  99  persons,  and  a 
capital  of  $72,000;  44  saddleries  and  otiier  leather  manufactories  produced  to  the  amount  of 
$182,110,  with  a  capital  of  $70,695  ;  43  persons  manufactured  granite  and  marble  to  the  amount  of 
$36,202:  113  persons  produced  bricks  and  lime  to  the  amount  of  $66,000;  531  persons  produced 
machinery  to  the  amount  of  $437,100;  161  persons  produced  hardware  and  cutlery  to  the  amount 
of  $138,720;  179  persons  manufactured  the  precious  metals  to  the  amount  of  $283,500;  57  persons 
produced  1,237,050  pounds  of  soap,  157,250  do.  of  tallow  candles,  264,500  do.  of  spermaceti  or  wax 
candles,  with  a  capital  of  $252,628 ;  161  persons  manufactured  carriages  and  wagons  to  the  amount 
of  $78,81 1,  with  a  capital  of  $36,661 ;  various  mills  produced  articles  to  the  amount  of  $83,6S3,  em- 
ploying 166  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $152,310;  9  ropewalks  employed  45  persons,  and  produced 
cordage  to  the  amount  of  $49,700,  with  a  capital  of  $28,300 ;  ships  were  built  to  the  amount  of 
$41,500;  195  persons  produced  furniture  to  the  amount  of  $121,131,  with  a  capital  of  $83,300;  4 
distilleries  produced  885,000  gallons,  and  3  breweries  89,600  gallons,  with  a  capital  of  $139,000;  6 
brick  and  292  wooden  houses  were  built,  employing  887  persons,  at  a  cost  of  $379,010 ;  there  are 
16  printing  offices,  8  binderies,  2  daily,  4  semi-weekly,  and  10  weekly  newspapers,  and  2  periodi- 
cals, the  whole  employing  122  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $35,700.  The  whole  amount  of  capital 
employed  in  manufactures  in  the  state  was  $10,696,136. 

Brown  University,  at  Providence,  is  tho  only  college  in  the  state,  and  is  a  flourishing  institution. 
It  was  founded  in  1764,  at  Warwick,  and  was  removed  to  Providence  in  1770.  A  majority  of  the 
corporation  are  required  to  be  of  the  Baptist  denomination.  In  common  school  education  this  state 
has  been  behind  the  other  states  of  New  England,  but  is  improving.  In  1840  there  were  in  Brown 
University,  and  in  a  high  school,  which  partakes  of  the  nature  of  a  college,  324  students ;  52  acad- 
emies and  grammar  schools,  with  3,664  students  ;  434  common  and  primary  schools,  with  17,355 
scholars. 

The  principal  religious  denominations  are  the  Baptists,  the  Congregationalists,  the  Episcopalians, 
and  the  Methodists.  In  1836  the  Baptists  had  20  congregations  and  18  ministers,  besides  9  others 
of  a  different  denomination ;  the  Congregationalists  had  16  congregations,  16  ministers,  and  2,100 
communicants ;  the  Episcopalians  had  16  congregations,  18  ministers,  and  1,655  communicants ; 
the  Methodists  had  10  ministers.  Besides  these,  there  are  some  Friends,  Unitarians,  Roman  Cath- 
olics, Universalists,  and  Christians. 

In  the  commencement  of  1840,  this  state  had  62  banks,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $9,880,500, 
and  a  circulation  of  $1,719,230.  Although  the  banks  in  this  state  are  so  numerous,  averaging  two 
to  a  town,  yet  they  have  preserved  their  credit  unimpaired. 

Rhode  Island  has  had,  until  recently,  no  other  constitution  of  government  but  the  charter  granted 
by  Charles  II.,  in  1663.  The  government  consisted  of  a  governor,  a  senate,  and  a  house  of  repre- 
sentatives, chosen  annually  by  the  people.  There  were  10  senators,  2  from  each  county.  There 
were  72  representatives  ;  and  the  legislature  met  twice  annually,  commencing  on  the  first  Wed- 
nesday of  May,  at  Newport,  and  on  the  last  Monday  of  October,  alternately  at  Providence  and 
South  Kingston.  The  judiciary  consisted  of  a  supreme  court  and  the  court  of  common  pleas ;  and 
all  the  judges  were  chosen  annually  by  the  legislature  in  grand  committee. 

Several  works  of  internal  improvement  contribute  to  the  prosperity  of  this  state.  The  Black- 
stone  canal,  which  connects  Providence  with  Worcester,  Mass.,  lies  partly  in  this  state.  The 
same  is  true  of  the  Providence  and  Boston  railroad.  This  connects  with  a  line  of  steamboats  to 
the  city  of  New  York.  The  Providence  and  Stonington  railroad  lies  chiefly  in  this  state,  and  is 
47  miles  long.  This  road  also  connects  with  a  line  of  steamboats  to  the  city  of  New  York.  When 
the  Long  Island  railroad  shall  have  been  completed  through  the  island,  this  road  will  become  of 
great  importance.     Rhode  Island  has  no  public  debt. 

There  is  a  state  prison  at  Providence,  completed  in  1838. 

This  state  was  first  settled  by  Roger  Williams,  who,  with  his  associates,  left  Massachusetts  on 
account  of  their  religious  principles.  He  at  first  made  a  purchase  of  the  Indians  at  Sekonk ;  but  find- 
ing himself  within  the  Plymouth  colony,  he  removed  to  Providence,  to  which  he  gave  name,  and 
where  he  commenced  a  settlement  in  1636.  He  obtained  a  patent  from  the  Plymouth  company, 
in  England,  in  1644.  A  settlement  had  been  made  on  Rhode  Island  in  1638,  and  this  charter  in- 
cluded both  under  the  name  of  Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Plantations.  After  the  restoration 
of  Charles  II.,  a  new  charter  was  obtained  from  him  in  1663,  which,  until  recently,  formed  the 
basis  of  the  government,  unchanged  by  the  revolution.  In  May,  1842,  an  attempt  was  made  by 
the  "  suffrage  party,"  as  they  were  called,  to  take  forcible  possession  of  the  government.  They 
had  previously,  without  authority  from  the  legislature,  formed  a  constitution,  and  in  their  primary 
assemblies,  acting  informally,  chosen  a  governor,  senate,  and  house  of  representatives,  and  at- 
tempted to  maintain  their  authority  by  force  of  arms.  But  the  force  of  the  state  was  brought 
against  them,  and  the  suffrage  party  were  dispersed,  and  the  authority  of  the  government  was 
maintained.    By  order  of  the  charter  legislature,  a  convention  was  assembled  in  September,  1842, 


RTC 


566 


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for  the  purpose,  formed  a  constitution,  which  was  approved  by  a  majority  of  the  people  in  their 
primary  assemblies,  and  has  gone  into  operation.     The  particulars  of  it  we  are  unable  to  give. 

Rhode  Island  bore  an  honorable  part  in  the  revolutionary  war.  She  was  the  last  of  the  old  13 
states  to  adopt  the  federal  constitution,  which  she  did  in  May  29,  1790,  by  a  majority  of  2  votes, 
and  became  a  member  of  the  Union. 


Rhodes,  p-o.,  Skeneateles  t.,  Onondaga  co., 
N.  Y.,  148  w.  by  n.  Albany,  350  W. 

Riblet's,  p-o.,  Richland  co.,  O.,  63  n.  n.  e. 
Columbus,  383  W. 

Riceborougii,  p-v.,  Liberty  co.,  Ga.,  32  s.  s. 
w.  Savannah,  191  s.  e.  Milledgeville,  G96  W. 
Situated  on  Newport  river.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  several  stores,  15  dwellings,  and 
about  100  inhabitants.  Sloops  come  up  to  the  t. 
20  ms.  from  the  ocean. 

Rice  City,  p-v.,  Coventry  t,  Kent  co.,  R.  I., 

19  w.  by  s.  Providence,  381  W.    It  contains  a 
Baptist  church. 

Rice  Creek,  p-o.,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  112  w. 
Detroit,  577  W. 

Rice  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Bath  co.,  Ky.,  82  e. 
Frankfort,  490  W. 

Rice  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Panola  co.,  Miss.,  177 
N.  Jackson,  945  W. 

Rice's  Landing,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Pa.,  200  w. 
by  s.  Harrisburg,  218  W. 

Rice's  Store,  p-o.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Va.,  70 
N.  E.  Richmond,  129  W. 

Riceville,  p-o.,  Mayfield  t.,  Fulton  co.,  N. 
Y.,  56  n.  w.  Albany,  420  W. 

Richardson's  Creek,  p-o.,  Anson  co.,  N.  C, 
167  s.  w.  Raleigh,  436  W. 

Richardsonville,  p-v.,  Edgefield  dist.,  S.  C, 
75  w.  Columbia,  539  W. 

Richardsville,  p-v.,  Culpepper  co.,  Va.,  79 
N.  n.  w.  Richmond,  70  W. 

Richborough,  p-v.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  114  e. 
Harrisburg,  156  W. 

Richburg,  p-o.,  Wirt  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y., 
282  w.  by  s.  Albany,  315  W. 

Richfield,  p-t.,  Otsego  co.,  N.  Y.,  13  n.  w. 
Cooperstown,  72  w.  Albany,  376  W.  The  sur- 
face is  elevated  and  uneven ;  soil,  a  fertile  sandy 
and  calcareous  loam,  generally  well  cultivated. 
Canaderaga  lake  lies  on  its  e.  boundary,  into 
which  several  small  streams  flow.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $13,070;  1  fulling  in.,  4  tanneries,  2  grist  m., 
4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,890.  13  schools 
487  scholars.     Pop.  1,680. 

Richfield,  p-o.,  Juniata  co.,  Pa.,  65  N.  w. 
Harrisburg,  159  W. 

Richfield,  p-t.,  Summit  co.,  O.,  134  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 347  W.  The  surface  is  elevated,  and 
moderately  uneven  ;  soil,  fertile,  adapted  to  gra- 
zing, and  well  cultivated.  There  is  a  v.  at  the 
centre,  containing  1  Congregational  church,  1 
store,  various  mechanics,  and  about  20  dwellings. 
Three  fourths  of  a  mile  w.  is  another  v.,  contain- 
ing 1  Methodist  and  1  Baptist  church,  and  15  or 

20  dwellings.    There  are  in  the  t.  1  acad.  26  stu- 
dents, 10  sch.  353  scholars.     Pop.  1,108. 

Richfield,  t,  Henry  co.,  O.  It  has  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $500.  1  school  20  scholars. 
Pop.  83. 

Richfield,  t.,  Huron  co.,  O.  It  has  13  sch. 
471  scholars.     Pop.  1,599. 

Richfield,  p-t.,  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,500.  2  sch.  35 
scholars.    Pop.  193. 

Richfield  Springs,  v.,  Richfield  t,  Otsego 
co.,  N.  Y.  Situated  near  the  head  of  Canadera- 
ga lake,  and  contains  2  churches,  3  stores,  1  grist 
m.,  40  dwellings,  and  about  250  inhabitants.  Here 
is  a  celebrated  sulphur  spring. 

Richford,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,66  n.  by  w. 


Montpelier,  567  W.  The  surface  is  mountain- 
ous ;  soil,  adapted  to  grazing.  Watered  by  Mis- 
sisque  r.  and  its  branches.  Along  the  streams  is 
good  arable  land.  Chartered  in  1780.  It  is  bound- 
ed n.  by  Lower  Canada.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$2,500 ;  1  fulling  m ,  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,575.  5  sch.  103  scholars. 
Pop.  914. 

Richford,  p-t.,  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  144  w.  s.  w. 
Albany,  295  W.  The  surface  is  uneven,  with 
fertile  valleys.  Drained  by  East  and  West  Owe- 
go  creeks,  which  afford  water  power.  The  v. 
is  situated  on  East  Owego  cr.,  and  contains  1 
Presbyterian  and  1  Episcopal  church,  3  stores,  1 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  3i)  dwellings,  and  about  250 
inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  2  stores,  cap. 
$8,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $3,230.  340  scholars  in  schools.  Pop. 
939. 

Rich  Fork,  p-o.,  Davidson  co.,  N.  C,  109  w. 
Raleigh,  330  W. 

Rich  Hill,  p-o.,  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  221  w.  N.  w. 
Harrisburg,  247  W. 

Richland,  district,  S.C.  Situated  in  the  cen- 
tre of  the  state,  and  contains  550  sq.  ms.  The 
Wateree  r.  bounds  it  on  the  e.,  and  the  Congaree 
on  the  s.  w.,  and  they  form  a  junction  at  the  s.  e. 
angle  of  the  dist.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Cap- 
ital, Columbia.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
8,878,  sheep  3,022,  swine  14,709;  wheat  3,465 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  333,796,  oats  63,325, 
potatoes  42,584,cotton  1,281,989  pounds  ;  15  stores, 
cap.  $177,300;  1  pottery,  19  grist  m.,  21  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $72,800.  1  college,  168  students, 
5  acad.  161  students,  14  sch.  366  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  5,326,  slaves  10,664,  free  col'd  407  ;  total, 
16,397. 

Richland,  county,  O.  Situated  toward  the 
N.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  900  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  rolling  and  hilly  in  its  s.  and  s.  e.  parts ; 
soil,  very  fertile,  well  adapted  to  grain.  Drained 
by  branches  of  the  Mohiccan  cr.  and  of  the  Olen- 
tangy  r.  It  produces  wheat  abundantly,  and  fine 
horses  and  neat  cattle.  Capital,  Mansfield.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  34,930,  sheep  79,782, 
swine  51,440  ;  wheat  506,585  bush,  produced,  rye 
65,854,  Ind.  corn  484,511,  buckwheat  34,727,  bar- 
ley 9,337,  oats  522,209,  potatoes  965,784,  tobacco 
1,070  pounds,  sugar  484,335 ;  67  stores,  cap. 
$17,700 ;  9  fulling  m.,  8  woollen  fac.,25  tanneries, 
5  potteries,  8  flouring  m.,  74  grist  m.,  106  saw  m., 

2  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  1  weekly  newspaper. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $146,122.  1  acad.  52  students, 
20  sch.  6,635  scholars.     Pop.  44,532. 

Richland,  p-t.,  semi-capital  of  Oswego  co.,  N. 
Y.,  155  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  385  W.  It  contains  a 
part  of  the  county  buildings  in  the  v.  of  Pulaski. 
The  surface  is  diversified  ;  soil,  moist  clay  loam, 
adapted  to  grazing.  Drained  by  Salmon  r.  and 
some  small  streams  flowing  into  Lake  Ontario, 
which  bounds  it  on  the  w.  It  has  17  stores,  cap. 
$44,400;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  3 tanneries, 

3  grist  m.,  15  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$32,400.  1  acad.  64  students,  37  sch.  868  scholars. 
Pop.  4,050. 

Richland,  t.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $2,900  ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m., 

4  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,750.    Pop.  1,385. 
Richland,  t.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  37  n.  w.  Phila- 
delphia.  The  surface  is  level;  soil,  clay.   Drain- 


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567 


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ed  by  Tohickon  cr.  and  its  branches.  Enthea. 
w.  angle  of  the  t.  is  the  v.  of  Quakertown,  which 
contains  a  Friends  church  and  40  or  50  dwellings. 
There  are  in  the  t.  5  stores,  cap.  $11,300  \  2  tan- 
neries, 3  potteries,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cup.  in 
manufac.  $14,325.  3  sch.  85  scholars.  Pop. 
1,781.  _  .      _ 

Richland,  t.,  Cambria  coM  Pa.  It  has  3  grist 
m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  §650.  8  sch.  320 
scholars.     Pop.  1,038. 

Richland,  p-v.,  Richland  co.,  O.,  82  N.  by  e. 
Columbus,  389  W. 

Richland,  t.,  Belmont  co.,  O.  The  surface  is 
rolling ;  soil,  very  fertile.  It  contains  the  v.  of 
St.  Clairsville,  the  county  seat.  Soil,  very  fer- 
tile. The  national  road  passes  through  it  from  E. 
to  W.  It  began  to  be  settled  several  years  before 
the  admission  of  Ohio  to  the  Union  as  a  state. 
It.  has  2  acad.  42  students,  12  sch.  294  scholars. 
Pop.  3,748. 

Richland,  t.,  Clinton  co.,  O.  It  contains  the 
villages  of  Cedarville,  Sabina,  and  Claysville. 
There  are  in  the  t.  3  stores,  cap.  $3,500 ;  1  tan- 
nery, 2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$1,740.     10  sch.  551  scholars.     Pop.  1,385. 

Richland,  t.,  Darke  co.,  O.  It  has  2  sch.  30 
scholars.    Pop.  577. 

Richland,  t.,  Fairfield  co.,  O.  It  contains  the 
v.  of  Rushvillle.    Pop.  1,992. 

Richland,  t.,  Guernsey  co.,  O.,  95  e.  by  n. 
Columbus.  It  contains  Senecaville,  Uniontown, 
and  Point  Pleasant  villages.     Pop.  1,777. 

Richland,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  O.  It  has  5  sch. 
135  scholars.    Pop.  332. 

Richland,  t.,  Henry  co.,  O.  It  has  3  sch.  80 
scholars.    Pop.  542. 

Richland,  t.,  Holmes  co.,  O.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $3,800 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  distillery, 
2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,150. 
Pop.  1,092. 

Richland,  t.,  Jackson  co.,  O.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $400 ;  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$1,550.    Pop.  548. 

Richland,  t.,  Miami  co.,  la.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $4,000 ;  3  sch.  89  scholars.    Pop.  362. 

Richland,  t.,  Madison  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  452. 

Richland,  t,,  Phillips  co.,  Ark.  It  has  2  dis- 
tilleries, 3  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,600. 
Pop.  $580. 

Richland,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1 
tannery,  1  distillery,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $1,350.    Pop.  353. 

Richland,  p-v.,  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  69  s.  Nash- 
ville, 719  W. 

Richland,  p-v.,  Holmes  co.,  Miss. 

Richland,  p-v.,  Stewart  co.,  Ga.,  127  s.  w. 
Milledgeville,  783  W. 

Richland,  p-t.,  Jefferson  co.,  Ark.,  70  s.  e. 
Little  Rock,  1,124  W.  It  has  4  grist  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $2,000.    Pop.  594. 

Richland,  p-t.,  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  135  w. 
Detroit,  600  W.  It  consists  of  a  large  and  beauti- 
ful prairie,  called  Gull  prairie.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $7,000  ;  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $150. 
1  acad.  20  students,  6  sch.  176  scholars.  Pop.  518. 
Richland,  p-v.,  Henderson  co.,  Ky.,  178  w.  by 
s.  Frankfort,  705  W. 

Richland,  p-v.,  Rush  co.,  la.,  51  e.  s.  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 545  W. 

Richland,  p-v.,  Sangamon  co.,  Ill.,10  n.  Spring- 
field, 790  W. 

Richland,  t.,  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.    It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $7,000  ;  2  saw  m.   1  acad.  20  students, 
6  sch.  176  scholars.    Pop.  518. 
Richland,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Mo. 
Richland  Creek,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Ark., 
189  n.  w.  Little  Rock,  1,198  W. 


Richland  Hill,  p-o.,  E.  Feliciana  par.,  La., 
123  n.  w.  New  Orleans,  1,120  W. 

Richland's,  p-o.,  Tazewell  co.,  Va.,  314  w. 
Richmond,  369  \\  . 

Highlands,  p-o.,  Onslow  co.,  N.  C,  128  s.  E. 
Raleigh,  358  W.  It  contains  a  Methodist  church, 
1  store,  and  8  inhabitants. 

Richlandtown,  p-v.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  105  E. 
Harrisburg,  178  W. 

Richmond,  county,  N.  Y.    Situated  in  the  s. 

fiart  of  the  state,  and  contains  the  whole  of  Stan  n 
sland.  Its  area  is  about  63  sq.  ins.,  and  is  divided 
into  4  townships.  The  surface  is  broken  and 
hilly.  Richmond  hill,  the  highest  point,  is  307 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  ocean.  It  contains 
much  good  land,  and  valuable  fisheries  on  its 
coast.  It  contains  several  beds  of  hematic  iron 
ore,  and  other  minerals.  It  has  strong  fortifica- 
tions at  the  Narrows.  Steamboats  run  to  New 
York  many  times  daily.  Capital,  Richmond. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,517,  sheep  136, 
swine  3,180;  wheat  18,989  bush,  produced,  rye 
8,865,  Ind.  corn  36,347,  buckwheat  4,238,  barley 
5,819,  oats  33,793,  potatoes  47,712  ;  49  stores,  cap. 
$58,870 ;  cap.  invested  in  the  fisheries,  $36,000 ; 
1  dyeing  and  printing  establishment,  1  tannery, 
14  flouring  m.,  8  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  printing 
office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$272,415.  1  acad.  25  students,  14  sch.  604  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  10,965. 

Richmond,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  200  sq.  ms.  Rappahan- 
nock r.  bounds  it  on  the  s.  w.  Capital,  Richmond 
C.  H.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle,  6,996, 
sheep  4.738,  swine  14,329;  wheat  43,224  bush, 
produced,  rye  1,014,  Ind.  corn  231,493,  oats  25,920, 
potatoes  5,434,  tobacco  5,738  pounds,  cotton  9,252 ; 
12  stores,  cap.  $27,200 ;  8  grist  m.,  3  saw  rn.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $15,850.  9  sch.  170  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  3,092,  slaves  2,363,  free  col'd  510;  total, 
5,963. 

Richmond,  county,  N.  C.    Situated  in  the  s. 

fart  of  the  state,  and  contains  540  sq.  ms.  Great 
'edee  r.  runs  on  its  s.  w.  border,  and  Lumber  r. 
on  its  e.  border.  Drained  by  branches  of  Little 
Pedee  r.  Capital,  Rockingham.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  10,653,  sheep  7,226,  swine  18,841 ; 
wheat  20,347  bush,  produced,  rye  1,649,  Ind.  corn 
247,169,  oats  12,942,  potatoes  31,171,  tobacco  4,715 
pounds,  cotton  1,794,154  ;  8  stores,  cap.  $27,804 ; 
1  cotton  fac.  1,000  sp.,  1  tannery,  13  flouring  m., 
40  grist  m.,  15  sawm.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $72,718. 
6  acad.  219  students,  8  sch.  233  scholars.  Pop. 
1830,  9,326 ;  1840,  whites  4,693,  slaves  3,880,  free 
col'd  336 ;  total  8,909. 

Richmond,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  E. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  381  sq.  ms.  Sa- 
vannah r.  runs  on  its  n.  e.  border,  and  Brier  cr. 
on  its  s.  w.,  by  branches  of  which  it  is  watered. 
The  railroad  from  Augusta  to  Decatur  crosses  its 
n.  part.  Capital,  Augusta.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  5,449,  sheep  753,  swine  10,797 ;  wheat 
1,670  bushels  produced,  Ind.  corn  183,015,  oats 
1,912,  potatoes  28,079,  cotton  692,275  pounds; 
265  stores,  cap.  $1,281,870;  12  commission 
houses,  cap.  $245,000 ;  2  furnaces,  2  cotton  fac. 
2,000  sp.,  1  flouring  m.,  15  grist  ra.,  18  saw  m.,  2 
printing  offices,  2  periodicals,  2  daily,  4  weekly, 
and  2  semi- weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $182,500.  8  acad.  224  students,  4  sch.  36 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  5,650,  slaves  6,096,  free 
col'd  186;  total,  11,932. 

Richmond,  p-t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  15  s.  by  w. 
Augusta,  585  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Kennebec  r.  A  mill  stream  passes  through  it  to 
the  s.,  and  enters  the  Kennebec  at  Merrymeeling 
bay.    Incorporated  in  1823.    It  has  some  navi- 


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gation,  and  vessels  are  built  here.  It  has  12 
stores,  cap.  $22,850 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $31,000.  1  acad.  50  stu- 
dents, 9  sch.  472  scholars.     Pop.  1,604. 

Richmond,  p-t.,  Cheshire  co.,  N.  H.,  61  s.  w. 
Concord,  424  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  border  of 
the  state.  The  surface  is  mostly  level :  soil, 
moderately  fertile.  Drained  by  branches  of 
Ashuelot  r.  A  pond  in  its  s.  part  flows  into  Mil- 
lers r.  Chartered  in  1752.  It  has  15  sch.  418 
scholars.    Pop.  1,165. 

Richmond,  p-t.,  Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  13  s.  k. 
Burlington,  27  w.  n.  w.  Montpelier,  513  W. 
Onion  r.  runs  on  its  n.  border.  Huntington  r. 
runs  through  it.  These  streams  afford  water 
power.  The  surface  is  uneven,  with  extensive 
and  fertile  flats  along  the  streams.  At  the  cen- 
tre is  a  church  with  16  sides,  with  a  neat  steeple 
rising  from  the  centre,  and  which  is  occupied  by 
several  denorrnnations.  The  stage  road  from 
Burlington  to  Montpelier  passes  along  the  n.  side 
of  Onion  r.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $5,100  ;  1  full- 
ing m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  6  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,800.  8  sch.  210  scholars. 
Pop.  1,054. 

Richmond,  p-t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  142  w. 
Boston,  369  W.  It  occupies  a  fertile  valley,  3 
ms.  wide,  with  mountains  on  the  e.  and  w.  The 
soil  is  fertile  and  well  cultivated.  Drained  by  a 
branch  of  Housatonic  r.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$12,000 ;  1  tannery,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$2,000.  1  acad.  9  students,  5  sch.  183  scholars. 
Pop.  1,097. 

Richmond,  t,  Washington  co.,  R.  I.,  30  s.  s. 
Providence.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  a 
gravelly  loam,  well  adapted  to  grazing.  Wood 
r.  runs  on  its  w.  border,  and  Charles  r.  on  the  s., 
several  branches  of  which  water  the  interior, 
and  all  afford  good  water  power.  Stonington 
railroad  passes  through  the  s.  E.  corner  of  the  t. 
It  has  2  fulling  m.,  3  woollen,  fac,  6  cotton  fac. 
7,038  sp.,  1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $113,400. 
2  sch.  50  scholars.     Pop.  1,361. 

Richmond,  t.,  Ontario  co.,  N.  Y.,  14  w.  Canan- 
daigua,  209  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly; 
soil,  clay  loam.  Honeoye  lake  lies  partly  in  the 
s.  part.  Drained  by  its  outlet  n.  It  has  6  stores, 
cap.  $33,600 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  3  tan- 
neries, 1  distillery,  2  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  3 
saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $54,600.  1 
acad.  25  students,  14  sch.  641  scholars.  Pop. 
1,937. 

Richmond,  p-v.,  capital  of  Richmond  co.,  N. 
Y.,  159  s.  by  w.  Albany,  237  W.  Pleasantly 
situated  near  the  centre  of  Staten  Island,  and 
contains  a  court  house  and  jail,  1  Presbyterian 
and  1  Episcopal  church,  3  stores,  30  dwellings, 
and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Richmond,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.  It  has  cap. 
in  manufac  $900.  5  sch.  90  scholars.  Pop. 
771. 

Richmond,  t.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $2,800 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m., 
9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $13,350.  2  sch.  82 
scholars.     Pop.  742. 

Richmond,  t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is 
level;  soil,  calcareous  loam  and  gravel,  fertile 
and  well  cultivated.  It  contains  2  churches, 
common  to  Lutherans  and  Presbyterians.  Wa- 
tered by  Moslem  creek,  which  affords  water 
power.  Iron  ore  is  found  on  the  border  of 
Maiden  creek  t.,  adjoining.  It  has  5  stores,  cap. 
$16,600 ;  1  furnace,  4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $12,000.     Pop.  1,997. 

Richmond,  p-v.,  Lower  Mount  Bethel  t., 
Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  119  e.  n.  e.  Harrisburg, 
212  W.    Situated  on  a  small  stream,  2  miles  w. 


of  Delaware  r.  It  contains  2  stores,  2  tanneries, 
and  about  25  dwellings. 

Richmond,  city  and  port  of  entry,  and  capital 
of  Henrico  co.,  and  of  the  state  of  Virginia,  is 
situated  on  James  r.,  at  the  lower  falls,  at  the 
head  of  tidewater,  and  is  in  37°  30'  n.  lat.,  and 
77°  31'  w.  Ion.  from  Greenwich,  and  0°  27'  w. 
Ion.  from  W.  It  is  23  miles  n.  from  Petersburg!! ; 
and  117  s.  by  w.  from  W.  The  population  in 
1800  was  5,737 ;  in  1810,  9.785  ;  in  1820,  12,067  ; 
in  1830,  16,060 ;  in  1840,  20,153.  It  is  beautifully 
located  on  the  w.  side  of  the  r.,  between  50  and 
60  miles  above  City  Point,  and  150  miles  above 
the  mouth  of  the  river.  It  is  directly  opposite 
to  Manchester,  to  which  it  is  connected  by  2 
bridges.  The  situation  is  healthy  and  highly 
picturesque.  The  deaths  do  not  exceed  1  in  85 
of  the  population,  annually.  Shockoe  and  Rich- 
mond hills  stand  opposite  to  each  other,  and 
Shockoe  creek,  an  active  stream,  passes  between 
them ;  and  the  city  is  spread  over  these  hills,  and 
along  the  margin  of  the  creek.  The  elevations 
present  many  picturesque  views  of  the  city,  of 
James  r.,  and  of  the  surrounding  country.  The 
city  contains  about  1,400  houses,  a  large  propor- 
tion of  which  are  of  brick,  with  slated  roofs.  The 
city  is  regularly  laid  out,  the  streets  generally 
crossing  each  other  at  right  angles.  The  city 
plat  covers  an  area  of  about  three  and  a  half 
square  miles,  but  a  moderate  portion  of  which  is 
yet  covered  with  buildings.  The  houses  are 
neat  and  convenient,  and  many  of  them  are  ele- 
gant. In  the  western  division  of  the  city,  on  an 
elevated  plain,  denominated  Shockoe  Hill,  stands 
the  capitol.  It  has  a  very  commanding  situation, 
in  the  centre  of  a  beautiful  public  square,  of  an 
oblong  form,  containing  about  8  acres,  ornamented 
with  grass  plats  and  gravelled  walks.  It  is  a  spa- 
cious and  elegant  building,  surrounded  on  3  sides 
by  a  lofty  portico  of  the  Ionic  order.  In  the  centre 
of  a  spacious  hall,  in  the  middle  of  the  building, 
stands  a  marble  statue  of  Washington,  executed 
in  Paris.  Near  it  is  a  marble  bust  of  Lafayette. 
In  one  angle  of  Capitol  Square  stands  the  City 
Hall,  decorated  at  each  end  by  a  fine  Doric  por- 
tico of  4  columns.  On  the  eastern  part  of  Capi- 
tol Square  is  a  house  erected  for  the  residence  of 
the  governor  of  the  state.  In  another  angle  of 
the  same  square  is  the  county  court  house.  In 
the  western  suburbs  of  the  city  is  the  State  Peni- 
tentiary, a  large  building,  in  the  form  of  a  hollow 
square,  300  feet  long  and  1 10  feet  broad,  with 
several  acres  of  ground  connected  with  it.  In 
the  suburbs  of  the  city,  on  the  n.,  is  the  Alms- 
house, a  spacious  building,  surrounded  by  exten- 
sive grounds.  The  other  public  buildings  are  a 
county  and  city  jail,  an  orphan  asylum,  a  theatre, 
a  museum,  2  markets,  an  armory  320  by  280 
feet,  an  academy,  and  a  masonic  hall.  The  city 
is  supplied  by  water,  which  is  elevated  by  water 
power,  and  2  forcing  pumps,  into  3  large  reser- 
voirs, containing  1,000,000  gallons  each,  from 
which  it  is  distributed  over  the  city,  and  forms  a 
great  resource  in  case  of  fire,  as  well  as  a  supply 
for  the  inhabitants.  The  cost  of  these  works 
was  about  $120,000. 

There  are  two  banks  in  the  city.  There  are 
16  churches,  of  which  the  Episcopalians  have  3, 
the  Presbyterians  3,  the  Baptists  3,  the  Methodists 
3,  the  Roman  Catholics,  Friends,  Unitarians,  one 
each,  and  the  Jews  have  a  synagogue.  Some  of 
the  churches  are  large  and  elegant  buildings. 

Richmond  is  well  situated  for  commerce.  Ves- 
sels drawing  10  feet  of  water  come  to  Rockets, 
about  a  mile  below  the  centre  of  the  city ;  and 
-hose  drawing  15  feet  to  Warwick,  3  miles  below 
the  city.    The  falls  in  James  r.  are  obviated  by 


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560 


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the  canal,  and  above  them  it  is  navigable  for 
boats  220  miles.  Regular  lines  of  packets  con- 
nect this  city  with  New  York  and  other  places. 
and  it,  is  connected  by  steamboats  to  Nor- 
folk. The  principal  articles  of  exportation  are 
wheat,  flour,  and  tobacco.  The  exports  amount 
to  about  $3,000,00;)  annually.  The  tonnage  of 
this  port  in  18-10,  was  6,911. 

The  manufactures  of  Richmond  are  also  exten- 
sive. The  falls  of  the  James  river  afford  a  water 
power  of  unlimited  extent.  There  were  in  1840, 
17  foreign  commercial  and  29  commission  houses, 
cap.  $3,062,000;  256  retail  stores,  cap.  $1,616,450; 
3  lumber  yards,  cap.  $24,000  ;  4  furnaces,  and  8 
forges,  &c,  cap.  $317,900;  machinery  produced 
amounted  to  $128,000;  1  cotton  fac.  5,810  sp., 
cap.  $175,000  ;  tobacco  manufactories,  capital 
$192,250;  1  paper  fac,  cap.  $75,000;  21  flouring 
m..  2'grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  total  cap.  $61,000 ;  8 
printing  offices,  1  bindery,  2  daily,  6  weekly, 
and  2  semi-weekly  newspapers,  and.  1  periodical, 
cap.  $48,700.  Total  cap.  in  manufac.  $1,372,950. 
1  college  63  students,  13  acad.  753  students,  14 
sch.  673  scholars. 

Richmond  was  founded  by  an  act  of  the  legis- 
lature of  the  state,  in  1742;  and  the  seat  of  go- 
vernment was  removed  from  Williamsburg  to 
this  place  in  1780.  In  1737  it  contained  about 
300  houses.  The  canal  around  the  falls  of  James 
river,  which  has  added  so  much  to  the  commer- 
cial advantages  of  Richmond,  was  completed  in 
1794.  December  26th,  1811,  the  theatre  of  Rich- 
mond took  fire,  during  an  exhibition,  when  600 
persons  were  present,  of  whom  66  white  persons 
and  6  people  of  color  lost  their  lives.  Among 
the  former  was  George  William  Smith,  Esq.,  the 
governor  of  the  state.  To  commemorate  this  sad 
event,  an  Episcopal,  denominated  the  Monumen- 
tal Church,  has  been  erected  on  the  spot.  It  is 
an  octangular  building,  two  sides  projecting  and 
forming  wings  ;  and  it  has  a  .monument  in  front. 

Richmond,  p-v.,  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  104  s.  Tusca- 
loosa, 879 

Richmond,  p-v.,  capital  of  Madison  par.,  La., 
200  n.  w.  New  Orleans.  Situated  on  the  w.  side 
of  the  Roundaway  Bayou,  at  its  junction  with 
Brushy  Bayou,  10  ms.  w.  of  the  Mississippi  r.  It 
contains  a  court  house  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Richmond,  p-v.,  Bedford  co.,  Tenn.,  70  s. 
Nashville,  694  W. 

Richmond,  p-v.,  capital  of  Madison  co.,  Ky., 
48  s.  e.  Frankfort,  546  W.  Situated  on  a  small 
branch  of  Kentucky  r.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  8  stores,  and  822  inhabitants. 

Richmond,  p-v.,  Salem  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  O.,  11 
w.  Steubenville,  134  E.  by  N.  Columbus,  275  W. 
It  contains  1  large  brick  church,  4  stores,  a  print- 
ing office,  60  dwellings,  and  about  400  inhab- 
itants. 

Richmond,  p-t.,  Macomb  co.,  Mich.  Watered 
by  Belle  r.,  and  by  the  e.  fork  of  Clinton  branch 
of  Red  r.,  and  by  head  branches  of  South  r., 
which  2  last  flow  into  Lake  St.  Clair.  It  has  6 
sch.  123  scholars.     Pop.  602. 

Richmond,  p-v.,  Wayne  co.,  la.,  68  E.  Indian- 
apolis, 503  W. 

Richmond,  p-v.,  capital  of  Ray  co.,  Mo.,  142 
w.  n.  w.  Jefferson  City,  1,045  W.  Situated  on 
the  s.  side  of  Elkhorn  cr.,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  and  about  500  inhabitants. 

Richmond  City,  p-v.,  Lake  co.,  O.,  177  n.  e. 
Columbus,  351  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Grand  r.,  H  ms.  from  its  entrance  into  Lake  Erie,  j 
It  has  several  stores  and  warehouses,  a  steam  m., 
and  a  ship-yard.  It  is  at  the  head  of  navigation, 
on  the  r.,  and  steamboats  and  vessels  come  to  its 
wharves.  It  divides  the  business  of  the  region 
72 


with  Fairport,  nearly  opposite,  on  the  E.  side  of 
the  r.,  and  Painsville  in  the  vicinity. 

Richmond  Dale,  p-o.,  Richmond  t.,  Ross  co_ 
O.,  51  s.  Columbus,  392  W. 

Richmond,  t.,  Huron  co.,  O.  It  has  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,200.  2  sch.  35  scholars. 
Pop.  306. 

Richmond  Factory,  p-o.,  Richmond  co.,  Ga., 
102  e.  Milledgeville. 

Richmond  Valley,  p-o.,  Westfield  t.,  Rich- 
mond co.,  N.  Y.,  167  s.  Albany,  245  W. 

Richmondville,  p-v.,  Richmond  t.,  Lincoln 
co.,  Me.,  20  a.  Augusta,  590  W.  Situated  on  the 
w.  side  of  Kennebec  r. 

Richmondville,  p-v.,  Cobleskill  t.,  Schoharie 
co.,  N.  Y.,  47  w.  Albany,  331  W.  It  contains  3 
stores,  1  clothier's  works  and  carding  machine, 
25  dwellings,  and  about  150  inhabitants. 

Rich  Square,  p-o.,  Northampton  co.,  N.  C, 
124  n.  e.  Raleigh,  227  W. 

Rich  Valley,  p-o.,  Wythe  co.,  Va. 

Rich  Valley,  p-o.,  Bedford  co.,  Tenn.,  64  s. 
Nashville,  687  W. 

Riciiville,  p-v.,  De  Kalb  t.,  St.  Lawrence 
co.,  N.  Y.,  187  n.  w.  Albany,  456  W.  It  contains 
2  churches,  1  store,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  cloth- 
ier's works,  30  dwellings,  and  about  150  inhabit- 
ants. 

Rich  Wood,  p-o.,  Union  co.,  O.,  57  n.  w*  Co- 
lumbus, 447  W. 

Rich  Woods,  p-o.,  Izard  co.,  Ark.,  120  n.  Little 
Rock,  1,076  W. 

Ridge,  or  Rigde  Road,  is  an  elevated  alluvial 
way,  consisting  of  beach,  sand,  and  gravel  stones, 
6  or  8  rods  wide,  extending  from  the  Genesee  r. 
near  Rochester,  to  the  Niagara  r.  near  Lewiston, 
on  which  is  an  excellent  road,  from  6  to  10  ms. 
s.  of  the  shore  of  Lake  Ontario.  It  seems  to  have 
formerly  bounded  the  lake  on  the  s. 

Ridge,  p-o.,  Mount  Morris  t.,  Livingston  co., 
N.  Y.,  246  w.  Albany,  357  W. 

Ridge,  p-o.,  St.  Marys  co.,  Md.,  110  s.  Anna- 
polis, 87  W. 

Ridge,  p-o.,  Edgefield  dist.,  S.  C,  40  w.  Co- 
lumbia, 538  W. 

Ridge,  p-o.,  Troy  t,  Madison  co.,  HI.,  81  s. 
Springfield,  787  W. 

Ridge,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  O.  It  has  1  grist  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $600.  3  sch.  127  scholars. 
Pop.  477. 

Ridge,  t.,  Van  Wert  co.,  O.    Pop.  211. 

Ridgebury,  p-v.,  Ridgefield  t.,  Fairfield  co., 
Ct.,  74  s.  w.  Hartford,  287  W.  Situated  in  the 
n.  part  of  Ridgefield,  and  contains  a  Congrega- 
tional church  and  a  number  of  dwellings. 

Ridgebury,  p-v.,  Minisink  t.,  Orange  co.,  N. 
Y.,  113  s.  by  w.  Albany,  270  W.  It  contains  1 
church,  an  academy,  3  stores,  30  dwellings,  and 
about  180  inhabitants. 

Ridgebury,  p-t.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  18  n.  w. 
Towanda.  The  surface  is  hilly;  soil,  gravelly 
loam.  Drained  by  Bentley  and  South  creeks, 
which  flow  into  Tioga  r.,  in  N.  Y.  It  has  7  sch. 
260  scholars.     Pop.  1,214. 

Ridge  Farm,  p-o.,  Vermilion  co.,  111. 

Ridgefield,  p-t.,  Fairfield  co.,  Ct.,  31  w.  by 
n.  New  Haven,  81  s.  w.  Hartford,  231  W.  The 
surface  is  elevated,  commanding  a  fine  view  of 
Long  Island  sound,  which  is  14  ms.  distant,  and 
the  adjacent  country.  The  soil  is  a  fertile  grav- 
elly loam.  Drained  by  Saugatuck  and  Norwalk, 
rivers,  which  afford  water  power,  and  an  e. 
branch  of  Croton  r.  The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated 
on  a  street  1  m.  long,  and  contains  3  churches — 
1  Congregational,  1  Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist — 
an  academy,  several  stores,  1  extensive  carriage 
fac,  1  cabinet  furniture  fac,  and  aboitf  60  dwell- 


RIN 


570 


RIP 


ings.  It  has  12  stores,  cap.  $26,000 ;  1  lumber 
yard,  cap.  $6,000 ;  1  furnace,  1  fulling  m.,  2  tan- 
neries, 2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$93,100.  3  acad.  44  students,  14  sch.  392  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  2,474. 

Ridgeville,  p-o.,  Lenox  t.,  Madison  co.,  N. 
Y.,  122  w.  by  n.  Albany,  369  W. 

Ridgeville,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  Md. 

Ridgeville,  p-o.,  Hampshire  co.,  Va.,  203  n. 
n.  w.  Richmond,  131  W. 

Ridgeville,  p-v.,  Butler  co.,  Ala.,  128  s.  s.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  894  W. 

Ridgeville,  p-v.,  Warren  co.,  O.,  79  s.  w. 
Columbus,  465  W. 

Ridgeville  Corners,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,  O. 

Ridgeway,  p-t.,  Orleans  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  w.  Al- 
bion, 262  w.  by  N.  Albany,  400  W.  The  surface 
is  chiefly  level ;  soil,  fertile.  Drained  by  Oak 
Orchard  cr.  It  contains  5  post-offices.  It  has 
20  stores,  cap.  $128,694 ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  woollen 
fac,  1  furnace,  2  tanneries,  1  brewery,  2  printing 
offices,  2  weekly  newspapers,  3  flouring  m.,  2 
grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $199,450. 
1  acad.  97  students,  21  sch.  989  scholars.  Pop. 
3^54. 

Ridgeway,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $300 ;  1  tannery,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $25,700.     1  sch.  30  scholars.    Pop.  195. 

Ridgeway,  t.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.  The  surface 
is  rolling ;  soil,  fertile.  Drained  by  Toby's  and 
Kersey's  creeks,  and  Clarion  r.,  and  their  tributa- 
ries. It  has  3>  stores,  cap.  $6,500;  1  tannery,  1 
grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,750. 
7  sch.  260  scholars.    Pop.  1,214. 

Ridgeway,  p-v.,  Jefferson  co.,  Va.,  161  n. 
Richmond,  253  W. 

Ridgeway,  p-o.,  Gallia  co.,  O. 

Ridgeway,  p-v.,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  61  s.  w. 
Detroit,  513  W.  It  contains  a  store  and  a  steam 
saw  m. 

Ridgeway,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  N.  C,  57  n.  e. 
Raleigh,  231  W. 

Ridgeway,  p-o.,  Iowa  co.,  Wis.,  35  w.  Madi- 
son, 882  W. 

Ridley,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  sch. 
Ill  scholars.    Pop.  1,075. 

Rienza,  p-v.,  Tishemingo  co.,  Miss.,  233  n.  e. 
Jackson,  833  W. 

Riga,  p-o.,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct.,  56  w.  Hartford, 
332  W. 

Riga,  p-t.,  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y.,  241  w.  by  n. 
Albany,  382  W.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  soil, 
fertile.  Drained  by  Black  cr.  The  Tonawanda 
railroad  passes  through  the  t.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $11,000  ;  4  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  fur- 
nace, 2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $30,895.  2  acad.  65  stu- 
dents, 14  sch.  774  scholars.    Pop.  1,984. 

Riga,  p-o.,  Lucas  co.,  O.,  152  n.  w.  Columbus, 
483  W. 

Riggs  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Williamson  co., 
Tenn.,  31  s.  Nashville,  694  W. 

Riley,  t.,  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.  It  has  2  saw 
m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,200.    Pop.  114. 

Riley,  p-o.,  Vigo  co.,  la.,  83  w.  s.  w.  Indian- 
apolis, 654  W. 

Riley,  t,  Pope  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1  tannery. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $900.    Pop.  393. 

Rileysville,  p-v.,  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  191  N.  E. 
Harrisburg,  285  W. 

Rindge,  p-t.,  Cheshire  co.,  N.  H.,  67  s.  s.  w. 
Concord,  435  W.  The  surface  is  moderately 
uneven;  soil,  productive.  It  contains  13  ponds. 
Of  these,  3  flow  into  Miller's  r.,  which  flows  into 
Connecticut  r.,  and  3  into  Contoocook  r.,  which 
flows  into  the  Merrimac.  It  therefore  contains 
the  dividing  ridge,  which  is  very  narrow,  between 


the  waters  of  Connecticut  r.  and  Merrimac  r. 
Iron  ore  is  found  here,  and  a  paint  resembling 
Spanish-brown.  Incorporated  in  1768.  It  has 
4  stores,  cap.  $9,500;  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  7 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,150.  13  sch.  393 
scholars.     Pop.  1,161. 

Ringoes,  p-v.,  Amwell  t.,  Hunterdon  co.,  N. 
J.,  19  N.  w.  Trenton,  176  W.  Situated  at  the 
foot  of  Rock  mountain,  and  contains  1  Presbyte- 
rian church,  an  academy,  3  stores,  1  cotton  fac, 
1  woollen  fac,  1  grist  m.,  and  about  40  dwellings. 

Ripley,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  s.  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  400  sq.  ms.  The  sur- 
face is  generally  level ;  soil,  fertile,  adapted  to 
grain.  Drained  by  Laugherty  and  Graham's 
creeks,  which  flow  into  the  Ohio.  Capital,  Ver- 
sailles. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,200, 
sheep  5,433,  swine  6,338 ;  wheat  22,173  bush, 
produced,  Ind.  corn  115,883,  oats  153,413,  potatoes 
9,191,  tobacco  5,051  pounds,  sugar  19,386;  22 
stores,  cap.  $44,350 ;  7  tanneries,  1  distillery,  3 
flouring  m.,  5  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $13,537.  1  acad.  20  students,  2  sch.  70 
scholars.     Pop.  10,392. 

Ripley,  county,  Mo.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,030  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  fertile  on  the  streams. 
Drained  by  Big  Black,  Current,  and  Eleven 
Point  rivers.  Capital,  Van  Buren.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,405,  sheep  2,769,  swine 
12,624 ;  wheat  7,442  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
161,503,  oats  5,791,  potatoes  3,539,  tobacco 
19,529  pounds,  cotton  7,315,  sugar  5,220  ;  6  stores, 
cap.  $8,150;  8  distilleries,  20  grist  m.,  14  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $37,390.  5  sch.  60  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  2,777,  slaves  77,  free  coi'd  2 ;  total, 
2,856. 

Ripley,  p-t.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  30  n.  e.  Nor- 
ridgewock,  66  n.  by  e.  Augusta,  661  W.  The 
soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain.  It  has  a  pond 
which  forms  the  source  of  Sebasticook  r.  In- 
corporated in  1816.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $1,000  ; 
1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $2,100.    5  schools,  264  scholars.     Pop.  591. 

Ripley,  p-t.,  Chautauque  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  w 
Mayville,  350  w.  by  s.  Albany,  358  W.  The 
surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  mostly  clay  loam,  mixed 
with  sand,  and  fertile.  Drained  by  Twenty 
Mile  cr.,  flowing  into  Lake  Erie,  which  bounds 
it  on  the  n.  It  is  the  westernmost  town  in  the 
state,  and  contains  the  v.  of  Quincy.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $7,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  4  tanneries,  3 
grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $19,208.  2 
acad.  35  students,  17  sch.  747  scholars.  Pop.  2,197. 

Ripley,  p-v.,  Union  t.,  Brown  co.,  O.,  115  s. 
w.  Columbus,  474  W.  Situated  on  the  N.  side  of 
Ohio  r.,  immediately  below  the  mouth  of  Red 
Oak  cr.,  56  ms.  above  Cincinnati.  It  contains  1 
Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist  church,  a  college, 
12  stores,  1  iron  foundry,  1  engine  fac,  2  steam 
saw  m.,  1  steam  woollen  fac,  1  oil  m.,  2  carding 
machines,  2  tanneries,  1  steamboat  yard,  100 
dwellings,  and  about  800  inhabitants. 

Ripley,  t.,  Holmes  co.,  O.  It  has  3  sch.  122 
scholars.     Pop.  1,269. 

Ripley,  t.,  Huron  co.,  O.  It  has  6  sch.  181 
scholars.     Pop.  805. 

Ripley,  p-v.,  Brown  co.,  111. 

Ripley,  p-v.,  capital  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Tenn., 
175  w.  Nashville,  857  W.  Situated  on  Cane 
cr.,  a  branch  of  Big  Hatchee  r.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  an  academy,  and  250  inhabitants. 

Ripley,  p-v.,  capital  of  Tippah  co.,  Miss.,  207 
n.  n.  e.  Jackson,  864  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  and  150  inhabitants. 

Ripley's,  p-o.,  Tyler  co.,  Va.,  300  n.  w.  Rich- 
mond, 268  W. 


ROA 

"  Ripleyville,  p-o.,  Ripley  t.,  Huron  co.,  O., 
89  K.  by  k.  Columbus,  3^8  W. 

Ripton,  p-t.,  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  51  s.  w.  Mont- 
pelier,  439  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous  and 
broken.  Watered  by  Mlddtebury  r.,  which  af- 
fords water  power,  and  along  which  is  some  good 
land.  It  has  1  tannery,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. S7,200.  3  sch.  79  scholars.  Population, 
357. 

Risdon,  p-o.,  Seneca  co.,  O.,  93  n.  Columbus, 
43-1  W.    Pop.  27. 

Risdon,  p-v.,  St.  Clair  co.,  111.,  121  s.  Spring- 
field, 831  W. 

Rising  Fawn,  p-o.,  Dade  co.,  Ga.,  252  n.  w. 
Milledgevilie,  640  W. 

Rising  Sun,  p-v.,  Philadelphia  co.,  Pa.,  101 
E.  s.  b.  Harrisburg,  141  W.  Situated  on  the 
Germantown  road,  3  ms.  from  Philadelphia,  and 
contains  4  stores,  and  about  70  dwellings. 

Rising  Sun,  p-o.,  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  82  n.  e.  An- 
napolis, 92  W. 

Rising  Sun,  p-v.,  Dearborn  co.,  la.,  95  s.  e. 
Indianapolis,  526  W.  Situated  on  the  N.  bank 
of  the  Ohio  r. 

Rising  Sun,  p-o.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa. 

Richieville,  p-v.,  Dinwiddie  co.,  Va.,  41  s. 
Richmond,  160  W. 

Rittersville,  p-o.,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  91  e.  n. 
e.  Harrisburg,  184  W. 

River,  p-o.,  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  204  w.  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  270  W. 

River  Head,' p-o.,  New  London  co.,  Ct.,  49  s. 
E.  Hartford,  334  W. 

River  Head,  p-t.,  capital  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.  Y., 
226  s.  s.  e.  Albany,  306  W.  (Post-office  called 
Suffolk  C.  H.)  The  surface  is  mostly  level, 
with  a  broken  range  of  sand  cliffs  on  Long  Island 
sound,  which  bounds  it  on  the  N.  The  soil  is 
chiefly  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Peconic  r., 
flowing  e.  into  Little  Peconic  bay.  The  v.  is 
situated  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  Peconic 
bay,  and  contains  a  county  hall  and  a  surrogate's 
office.  The  courts  have  set  here  for  more  than 
half  a  century.  It  has  a  Congregational  and  a  j 
New  Jerusalem  church,  an  academy,  a  number 
of  stores  of  various  kinds,  various  mechanic 
shops,  70  dwellings,  many  of  them  neat,  and 
about  450  inhabitants.    Wood  is  extensively  ex- 

f>orted  to  New  York,  which  is  loaded  into  the 
arger  vessels  5?  ms.  below,  at  Jamesport. 
There  are  in  the  t.  17  stores,  cap.  $45,000 ;  3 
lumber  yards,  cap.  $5,800 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  lsawm.  Cap.  inman- 
ufac.  $22,300.     14  sch.  651  scholars.    Pop.  2,449. 

River  Road  Forks,  p-o.,  Mt.  Morris  t.,  Liv- 
ingston co.,  N.  Y.,  247  w.  Albany,  353  W. 

River  Side,  p-o.,  Ulster  co.,  N.  Y. 

River  Styx,  p-o.,  Guilford  t.,  Medina  co.,  O., 
125  n.  E.  Columbus,  346  W. 

River  Town,  p-v.,  Campbell  co..  Ga.,  103  w. 
N.  vv.  Milledgevilie,  705  W. 

Rives,  p-v.,  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  33  E.  Nash- 
ville, 661  W. 

Rives,  p-v.,  Richland  co.,  O.,  79  N.  N.  E.  Co- 
lumbus, 380  W. 

Rives,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Henry  co., 
Mo.,  107  w.  by  s.  Jefferson  City,  1,043  W.  It 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and  a  number  of 
dwellings. 

Rivesville,  p-v..  Monongalia  co.,  Va.,  282  N. 
w.  Richmond,  215  VV. 

Rixeyville,  p-v.,  Culpepper  co.,  Va.,  107  n. 
n.  w.  Richmond,  67  W. 

Road  Hall,  p-o.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  83  n. 
Harrisburg,  193  W. 

Roadstovvn,  p-v.,  Cumberland  co.,  N.  J.,  68 
a.  by  w.  Trenton,  179  W. 


571  ROB 

Roadville,  p-v.,  Charleston  dist.,  S.  C,  110 
s.  e.  Columbia,  548  W. 

Roane,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  centrally 
toward  the  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  600 
sq.  ms.  Watered  by  Tennessee  and  Clinch 
rivers  and  their  branches.  Soil,  fertile.  Capi- 
tal, Kingston.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
11,110,  sheep  10,970,  swine  43,034  ;  wheat  71,520 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  639,064,  oats  148,962, 
potatoes  18,064,  tobacco  2,695  pounds,  cotton 
24,151;  12  stores,  cap.  $199,600;  1  furnace,  4 
forges,  1  cotton  fac.  504  sp.,  8  tanneries,  18  dis- 
tilleries, 15  flouring  m.,  37  grist  m.,  22  saw  m.T  1 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $J4,625.  1  acad.  30 
students,  4  sch.  88  scholars.  Pop.  whites  9,590 
slaves  1,298,  free  col'd  60;  total,  10,948. 

Roane,  t.,  La  Fayette  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  703. 

Roanoke,  r.,  Va.  and  N.  C,  is  formed  by  the 
junction  of  Staunton  and  Dan  rivers,  near  the  s. 
boundary  of  Va.,  and  flows  into  the  head  of 
Albemarle  sound.  It  is  navigable  to  the  great 
falls  at  Halifax,  75  ms.,  for  vessels  of  45  tons. 
A  canal  round  the  falls  opens  the  navigation  for 
batteaux,  to  the  junction  of  Staunton  and  Dan 
rivers,  both  of  which  are  navigable  some  distance 
for  boats  of  5  tons. 

Roanoke,  county,  Va.  Situated  s.  w.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  370  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  head  branches  of  Staunton  r.  Capi- 
tal, Roanoke  C.  H.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  5,337,  sheep  6,037,  swine  10,681;  wheat 
140,506  bush,  produced,  rye  13,536,  Ind.  com 
181,534,  buckwheat  273,  oats  98,246,  potatoes 
6,303,  tobacco  599,273;  13  stores,  cap.  $47,200  ; 
1  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  3  dis- 
tilleries, 8  flouring  m.,  12  grist  m.,  16  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly,  1  daily  news- 
paper. Cap.  in  manufac.  $39,675.  2  acad.  104 
students,  5  sch.  93  scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,843, 
slaves  1,553,  free  col'd  101 ;  total,  5,499. 

Roanoke,  v.,  Stafford  t.,  Genesee  co.,  N.  Y. 
Situated  on  Allen's  cr.,  and  contains  2  stores,  1 
flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  plaster  m.,  1  furnace,  and 
about  150  inhabitants. 

Roanoke,  p-v.,  Randolph  co.,  Ala.,  176  E.  Tus- 
caloosa, 765  W. 

Roanoke,  p-v.,  Randolph  co.,  Mo.,  75  n.  n.  w. 
Jefferson  City,  972  W. 

Roanoke  Bridge,  p-o.,  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  89 
s.  w.  Richmond,  180  W.  It  contains  a  store  and 
1  mill. 

Roaring  Spring,  p-v.,  Smyth  co.,  Va.,  274  w. 
by  s.  Richmond,  335  W.  Situated  on  Cripple  cr., 
20  ms.  above  its  entrance  into  New  r. 

Robb,  t.,  Posey  co.,  la.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$10,000  ;  1  saw  m.    Pop.  1,098. 

Robertson,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  300  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  branches  of  Red  r.  and  by  Sycamore  cr.,  which 
bounds  it  on  the  s.  Capital,  Springfield.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,736,  sheep  12,015, 
swine  43,033 ;  wheat  86,068  bush,  produced,  rye 
7,416,  Ind.  corn  43,993,  oats  97,289,  potatoes  8,280, 
tobacco  1,163,833  pounds,  cotton  12,394 ;  10  stores, 
cap.  $65,000 ;  1  cotton  fac.  212  sp.,  5  tanneries, 
19  distilleries,  6  flouring  m.,  30  grist  m.,  22  saw 
m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  and  7  periodical 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $29,136.  Pop. 
whites  9,977,  slaves  3,790,  free  col'd  34;  total, 
13,801. 

Robertson's  Store,  p-o.,  Pittsylvania  co., 
Va.,  155  w.  s.  w.  Richmond,  238  W. 

Robertson's  Store,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn., 
100  s.  Nashville,  729  W. 

Robertsville,  p-v.,  Beaufort  dist,  S.  C,  137 
s.  Columbia,  643  W.  Situated  on  Black  cr.,  a 
branch  of  Savannah  r. 


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572 


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Roberts vi lle,  p-v.,  Anderson  co.,  Tenn.,  166  I 
E.  Nashville,  523  W. 

Robeson,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the  s.  | 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  700  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Lumber  r.  and  by  head  branches  of  Little 
Pedee  r.  Capital,  Lumberton.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  14,830,  sheep  12,513,  swine 
29,274 ;  wheat  2,646  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
248,195,  oats  1,579,  potatoes  54,632,  cotton  547,595 
pounds;  6  stores,  cap.  $21,000;  1  tannery,  58 
grist  m.,  13  saw  m.,  2  acad.  61  students,  —  sch. 
1,126  scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,262,  slaves  2,885, 
free  col'd  1,223 ;  total,  10,370. 

Robeson,  p-t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.  Bounded  on  the 
N.  E.  by  Schuylkill  r.  Drained  by  Alleghany 
and  Hay  creeks,  which  flow  into  the  Schuylkill 
r.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  gravelly  and  sterile. 
It  contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Lutheran  church. 
It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $12,500 ;  1  furnace,  7  forges, 
3  tanneries.  4  flouring  m.,  5  grist  m.,  8  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,000.    Pop.  2,016. 

Robin's  Nest,  p-o.,  Peoria  •  co.,  111.,  84  n. 
Springfield,  798  W. 

Robinson,  t.,  Posey  co.,  la.  It  has  1  grist  m., 
1  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000.     Pop.  1,004. 

Robinsons  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Bledsoe  co., 
Tenn.,  Ill  e.  s.  e.  Nashville,  596  W. 

Robinson's,  p-o.,  Brunswick  co.,  N.  C,  132  s. 
Raleigh,  381  W. 

Robinson's,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  la.,  74  e.  s.  e. 
Indianapolis,  524  W. 

Robinson's  Store,  p-o.,  Harford  co.,  Md.,  64 
N.  Annapolis,  74  W. 

Robinson,  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  6  n.  w.  Pe- 
tersburg. The  Ohio  r.  bounds  it  on  the  N.  The 
surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  loam.  Chartiers  cr.  is  on 
the  s.  E.  boundary,  and  Montour's  run  on  the  w. 
boundary.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,000;  1  fulling 
m.,  2  woollen  fac,  5  flouring  m.,  5  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,000.  9  sch.  315  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  1,694. 

Robinstown,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  193  e. 
n.  e.  Augusta,  779  W.  Situated  on  the  Schoodic 
or  St.  Croix  i.,  opposite  to  St.  Andrews,  N.  Bruns- 
wick. It  has  great  facilities  for  navigation,  and 
considerable  trade  in  lumber.  Vessels  are  built 
here.  Incorporated  in  1811.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $2,500 ;  4  lumber  yards,  cap.  $2,800 ;  1  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,300 ;  6  sch. 
323  scholars.     Pop.  822. 

Robison's,  p-o.,  Darke  co.,  O. 

Rob  Roy,  p-v.,  Fountain  co.,  la.,  69  w.  N.  w. 
Indianapolis,  640  W. 

Rocheport,  p-v.,  Boone  co.,  Mo.,  49  n.  w. 
Jefferson  City,  954  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  bank 
of  Missouri  r.,  and  contains  about  100  inhabitants. 

Rochester,  p-t.,  and  semi-capital  of  Strafford 
co.,  N.  H.,  46  e.  Concord,  505  W.  Salmon  Falls 
r.,  which  bounds  it  on  the  n.  e.,  and  Cocheco  r. 
which  drains  it,  afford  water  power.  The  sur- 
face is  uneven,  and  much  of  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Incorporated  in  1722.  There  is  a  considerable  v. 
at  the  falls  on  Cocheco  r.  It  has  11  stores,  cap. 
$23,300  ;  4  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries, 
2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$76,450.     17  sch.  788  scholars.     Pop.  2,431. 

Rochester,  p-t.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  43  s.  w. 
Montpelier,  482  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous 
and  broken ;  soil,  much  of  it  fertile.  Drained  by 
White  r.  and  a  branch,  which  afford  water  power. 
Chartered  in  1780.  The  v.,  at  the  centre,  is 
pleasantly  situated  on  the  e.  bank  of  White  r., 
and  contains  a  Congregational  church,  and  some 
mills,  and  considerable  trade.    There  are  in  the 

t.  3  stores,  cap.  $17,000 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery, 

1  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,000. 

13  sch.  469  scholars.    Pop.  1,396. 


Rochester,  p-t.,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  54  s.  s. 
E.  Boston,  441  W.  Buzzard's  bay  bounds  it  on 
the  s.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil,  moderately 
fertile.  In  some  parts  it  is  rocky  and  unfit  for 
cultivation,  and  in  some  places  very  fertile. 
Drained  by  Mattapoiset  and  Sipican  rivers.  The 
principal  v.  is  called  Mattapoiset,  situated  on  an 
inlet  from  Buzzard's  bay,  and  contains  3  churches 
— 1  Congregational,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Universa- 
lis!— various  mechanic  shops,  and  about  100 
dwellings.  The  principal  business  is  ship  build- 
ing, and  the  whale  fishery.  It  has  a  good  har- 
bor, and  the  largest  whale  ships  come  to  its 
wharves.  Salt  is  extensively  manufactured  here. 
There  are  in  the  t.  17  stores,  cap.  $22,600 ;  2  grist 
m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $25,500.  1  acad. 
100  students,  23  sch.  1,092  scholars.  Pop.  3,864. 
Rochester,  city,  capital  of  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y., 
is  situated  on  both  sides  of  Genesee  r.,  7  s.  Lake 
Ontario,  220  w.  by  n.  Albany,  141  w.  Utica,  73 
E.  Buffalo,  87  Niagara  falls,  359  W.  Pop.  1820, 
1,502;  1830,9,269;  1840,20,191.  It  contains  an 
area  of  4,324  acres,  and  was  incorporated  as  a 
village  in  1817,  and  as  a  city  in  1834.  It  is  well 
built,  and  contains  many  large  and  fine  stores 
and  many  neat  and  some  splendid  dwelling 
houses ;  to  many  of  which  beautiful  gardens  are 
attached,  ornamented  with  shrubbery.  The  num- 
ber of  dwelling  houses  is  about  2,000.  The  E. 
and  w.  parts  of  the  city  are  connected  by  3 
bridges.  The  Erie  canal  passes  through  the- 
centre  of  the  place,  and  here  crosses  the  Gene- 
see r.  in  a  splendid  aqueduct.  The  Genesee 
Valley  canal,  now  constructing,  also  terminates 
here,  connecting  with  the  Erie  canal.  The  great 
western  railroad  passes  through  the  place.  The 
public  buildings  and  institutions  are — a  court 
house,  jail,  county  clerk's  office,  2  markets,  6 
banking  houses,  1  savings  bank.  1  mutual  insur- 
ance co.,  22  churches— 3  Baptist,  1  Congrega- 
tional, 1  Covenanter,  2  Episcopal,  2  Friends,  1 
Lutheran,  2  Methodist,  5  Presbyterian,  2  Roman 
Catholic,  1  Universalist,  and  2  African — a  mu- 
seum, a  Collegiate  Institute,  2  female  seminaries, 
2  orphan  asylums,  the  arcade  building,  in  which 
is  the  post-office,  a  Mechanics'  Literary  Associa- 
tion, a  Young  Men's  Association,  and  an  Athe- 
neum. 

Rochester  owes  its  great  advantages  and  its 
rapid  growth  especially  to  a  vast  water  power 
created  here  by  the  falls  in  Genesee  r.,  which 
amount  to  263  feet  within  the  bounds  of  the  city, 
in  which  are  3  successive  perpendicular  falls  of 
96,  20,  and  105  feet,  besides  rapids.  On  these 
rapids  and  falls  are  many  large  flouring  mills, 
and  other  hydraulic  works.  It  is  estimated  that, 
independently  of  the  capital  invested  in  these 
mills,  it  requires  $2,000,000  annually  to  keep 
them  in  operation,  and  that  they  produce  an- 
nually about  $3,500,000.  Rochester  is  finely 
situated  for  commerce.  Vessels  come  up  the 
Genesee  r.  to  Carthage,  which  is  2i  miles  below 
the  centre  of  the  city,  where  steamboats  daily 
arrive  and  depart,  and  to  which  there  is  a  railroad. 
The  river  is  also  boatable  above  the  city,  45  ms. 
to  Mount  Morris.  The  Erie  canal  gives  it  ac- 
cess to  the  E.  and  w.,  and  the  Genesee  Valley 
canal,  when  completed,  will  connect  it  with 
Olean  on  the  Susquehanna,  and  greatly  add  to 
its  advantages.  It  has  a  railroad  communication 
E.  to  Boston,  Mass.,  and  w.  to  Batavia,  which 
will  soon  be  extended  to  Buffalo.  These  facili- 
ties for  transportation  have  completed  the  advan- 
tages derived  from  its  immense  water  power,  and 
the  rich  agricultural  country  by  which  it  is  sur- 
rounded. 
There  were  in  the  city  in  1840,  1  commercial 


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573 


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ami  1  commission  house,  cap.  $15,100;  966  re- 
tail stores,  cap.  $1,233,890;  2  lumber  yards, 
cap.  $30,000;  machinery  manufactured,  value 
$48,000;  4  fulling  m.,  4  woollen  fac,  capital 
058,616;  1  cotton  I'm-.  3,000  *p.,  cap.  $$0,000;  3 
tanneries,  cap.  $128,500;  3  distilleries,  3  brewe- 
ries, cap.  $60,300;  1  pottery,  1  rope  walk.  23 
flouring  m.,  8  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  total  cap.  $915,630; 
2  paper  fac,  9  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  4  daily, 
5  weekly,  and  1  semi-weekly  newspaper,  2  pe- 
riodicals ;  01  brick  and  stone,  and  03  wooden 
houses,  built  at  a  cost  of  $101,270.  Total  cap.  in 
manufac.  $1,963,017.  4  acad.  662  students,  33 
sch.  2,870  scholars. 

In  1812  there  were  only  2  wooden  frame  build- 
ings on  the  spot,  each  consisting  of  a  single 
room  ;  and  when  a  few  years  before,  a  proposal 
was  made  in  the  state  legislature  to  build  here  a 
bridge  across  the  Genesee,  it  was  strongly  op- 
posed, and  a  member  declared,  that  it  was  "a 
God-forsaken  place,  inhabited  by  muskrats,  and 
visited  only  by  straggling  trappers."  With  the 
exception  of  Lowell,  Mass.,  the  United  States 
does  not  probably  present  another  instance  of 
equally  rapid  growth. 

Rochester,  t.,  Ulster  co.,  N.  Y.,  16  s.  w. 
Kingston,  74  s.  by  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is 
hilly  and  mountainous ;  soil,  clay  and  loam. 
Drained  by  Rondout  cr.  and  its  tributaries. 
Shawangunk  mountain  occupies  a  part  of  the  t. 
It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $11,500;  2  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  3  tanneries,  7  grist  m.,  11  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $19,110.  10  sch.  503  scholars. 
Top.  2,674. 

Rochester,  p-v.,  Salem  t.,  Warren  co.,  O.,  9 
s.  E.  Lebanon,  75  s.  w.  Columbus.  Situated 
half  a  m.  s.  of  Little  Miami  r.,  and  contains  2 
churches,  3  stores,  5  mechanic  shops,  and  about 
25')  inhabitants. 

Rochester,  v.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.  Situated  on 
the  e.  bank  of  the  Beaver  r.,  at  its  junction  with 
the  Ohio  r.     Pop.  400. 

Rochester,  p-o.,  Avon  t.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich., 
123  n.  w.  Detroit,  551  W.  Situated  near  the 
junction  of  Paint  cr.  with  Clinton  r.,  both  of 
which  streams  afford  water  power.  It  contains 
5  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  iron  foundry, 
and  1  tannery. 

Rochester,  p-v.,  Racine  co..  Wis.,  87  e.  s.  e. 
Madison,  796  W.  Situated  a  little  E.  of  Fox  r., 
on  the  s.  side  of  a  branch  of  that  r.  near  its  mouth. 

Rochester,  p-v.,  capital  of  Fulton  co.,  la.,  95 
N.  Indianapolis,  616  W.  Situated  a  little  s.  of 
Tippecanoe  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
and  a  number  of  dwellings. 

Rochester,  p-v.,  Sangamon  co.,  111.,  10  e. 
Springfield,  772  VV.  Situated  at  the  junction  of 
the  n.  and  s.  forks  of  Sangamon  r.  It  contains  a 
steam  m.  and  other  mills,  and  about  30  dwellings. 

Rock,  r.,  Wis.  and  111.  Its  principal  head  is 
in  a  region  of  lakes  and  swamps,  towards  Fox  r. 
of  Green  bay,  its  course  s.  and  then  s.  w.  An- 
other head  is  Catfish,  a  stream  in  Wis.,  that  con- 
nects the  "  Four  lakes"  the  head  waters  of  which 
commence  in  a  swamp,  a  few  ms.  s.  of  Fort  Win- 
nebago. After  Rock  r.  enters  Illinois  it  receives 
several  considerable  tributaries,  and  it  enters  the 
Mississippi  3  ms.  below  Rock  Island.  Much  of 
the  country  through  which  it  passes  in  111.  con- 
sists of  prairie,  with  some  timber  land.  Its  chan- 
nel is  generally  lime  and  sandstone  rock,  and 
it  has  several  rapids  which  injure  the  navigation 
at  low  water.  It  has  much  fine  land  on  its  bor- 
ders. 

Rock,  cr.,  Dist.  Columbia,  separates  George- 
town from  Washington  city,  and  enters  the  Po- 
tomac r.    Two  bridges  cross  it,  near  its  mouth. 


Rock,  county,  Wis.  Situated  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  ter.,  and  contains  790  sij.  ms.  The  surface 
is  level,  with  much  prairie  ;  soil,  fertile.  Drained 
by  Rock  r.  and  its  tributaries.  Capital,  Etockport. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  1,804,  sheep  131, 
swine  3,560;  wheat  21,702  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  31,329,  oats  21,990,  potatoes  28,065,  sugar 
1,400  pounds;  1  distillery,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $21,275.  3  sch.  80  scholars. 
Pop.  1,701. 

Rock  and  Cave,  p-o.,  Gallatin  co.,  111.,  214  s. 
s.  e.  Springfield,  791  W. 

Rockaway,  p-v.,  Hempstead  t.,  Queens  co., 
N.  Y.,  163  s.  Albany,  248  W.  Situated  on  Rock- 
away  bay,  near  the  Atlantic  ocean.    It  contains 

1  Methodist  church,  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  30  dwell- 
ings, and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Rockaway,  p-v.,  Morris  co.,  N.  J.,  8  n.  Morris- 
town,  61  n.  Trenton,  234  W.  Situated  on  both 
sides  of  Rockaway  r.  It  contains  1  Presbyterian 
or  Dutch  Reformed  church,  4  stores,  1  rolling  m., 

2  forges,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  in.,  and  about  30  dwell- 
ings. 

Rockaway,  beach,  Hempstead  t.,  Queens  co., 
N.  Y.  It  is  a  peninsula,  situated  between  Ja- 
maica bay  and  the  Atlantic  ocean.  The  v.  con- 
tains 1  Methodist  church,  and  about  20  or  25 
dwellings.  One  m.  w.  of  the  v.  is  the  Marine 
Pavilion  and  Rock  Hall,  fine  boarding  houses. 
The  former  is  delightfully  situated  near  the 
beach,  and  is  one  of  the  most  fashionable  water- 
ing places  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York. 

Rock  Bottom,  p-o.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  27 
N.  w.  Boston,  420  W. 

Rock  Bridge,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the 
central  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  680  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  mountainous,  with  very  fertile 
valleys,  producing  wheat,  the  staple,  and  tobacco 
to  a  considerable  extent.  Drained  by  North 
r.  and  its  branches,  a  tributary  of  James  r.  It 
derives  its  name  from  the  celebrated  Natural 
Bridge  over  Cedar  cr.,  for  a  description  of  which 
see  Cedar  creek.  Capital,  Lexington.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  13,152,  sheep  19,821, 
swine  26,321 ;  wheat  263,756  bushels  produced, 
rye  69,566,  Ind.  corn  504,646,  buckwheat  4,339, 
barley  140,  oats  249,018,  potatoes  35,597,  tobacco 
293,755  pounds,  cotton  60,  sugar  140  ;  28  stores, 
cap.  $168,830  ;  3  furnaces,  3  forges,  14  tanneries, 
36  distilleries,  2  potteries,  32  flouring  m.,  13  grist 
m.,  56  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  week- 
ly newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $131,160.  1 
college  83  students,  4  acad.  153  students,  23  sch. 
740  scholars.  Pop.  whites  10,448,  slaves  3,510, 
free  col'd  326  ;  total,  14,2S4. 

Rock  Bridge,  p-v.,  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga.,  87  N. 
w.  Milledgeville,  661  W. 

Rockcastle,  county,  Ky.  Situated  a  little  s. 
E.  of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  330  sq. 
ms.  Drained  by  branches  of  Dick's  and  Rock- 
castle rivers.  The  surface  is  elevated,  separating 
the  waters  of  Cumberland  r.  from  those  of  Ken- 
tucky r.  Capital,  Mount  Vernon.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,863,  sheep  3,703,  swine 
5,613;  wheat  8,472  bushels  produced,  Ind.  corn 
66,392,  oats  29,395,  potatoes  3,149,  sugar  4,725 
pounds ;  2  stores,  cap.  $2,0C0 ;  3  tanneries,  5 
grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,650.  Pop 
whites  3,023,  slaves  377,  free  col'd  9;  total,3,409 

Rock  Castle,  p-v.,  Patrick  co.,  Va.,  230  w.  s. 
w.  Richmond,  305  W. 

Rock  Castle,  p-v.,  Trigg  co.,  Ky.,  236  s.  w 
by  w.  Frankfort,  763  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side 
of  Cumberland  river,  and  contains  about  50  in 
habitants. 

Rock  City,  p-o.,  Milan  t.,  Dutchess  co.,  N.  Y. 
59  s.  Albany,  310  W. 


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574 


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Rock  Creek,  p  o.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C,  67  n.  w. 
Raleigh,  300  W. 

Rock  Creek,  p-o.,  Lewis  co.,  Ky.,  125  e.  n. 
E.Frankfort,  450  W. 

Rock  Creek,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Tenn.,  83  s.  s. 
E.  Nashville,  677  W. 

Rock  Creek,  p-o.,  Cedar  co.,  Iowa. 

Rockdale,  p-t.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  246  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  319  W.  It  has  1  fulling  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac  $4,000.    Pop.  767. 

Rockdale,  p-o.,  Newton  co.,  Ga.,  75  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  667  W. 

Rockford,  p-v.,  capital  of  Surry  co.,  N.  C, 
145  w.  by  n.  Raleigh,  351  W.  Situated  on  the 
N.  side  of  Yadkin  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  and  about  150  inhabitants. 

Rockford,  p-v.,  Coosa  co.,  Ala.,  120  e.  s.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  803  W. 

Rockford,  p-v.,  Jackson  co.,  la.,  60  s.  Indian- 
apolis, 586  W. 

Rockford,  p-v.,  capital  of  Winnebago  co.,  111., 
203  n.  Springfield,  804  W.  Situated  at  the 
rapids,  on  Rock  r.,  where  is  an  immense  water 
power.  It  is  on  a  high  and  beautiful  prairie,  on 
the  w.  side  of  the  r.  Steamboats  come  to  this 
place,  and  a  ferry  here  crosses  the  river.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Rock  Grove,  p-o.,  Stephenson  co.,  111.,  230  n. 
Springfield,  83 1W. 

Rock  Hall,  p-v.,  Kent  co.,  Md.,  63  n.  e. 
Annapolis,  103  W. 

Rock  Hill,  p-t.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  Ill  e.  Harris- 
burg, 173  W.  The  surface  is  hilly;  soil,  gravel- 
ly. Drained  by  branches  of  Tohickon  cr.  and 
Perkiomen  cr. 

Rock  Hill,  p-o.,  Union  co.,  Ga. 

Rock  Hill,  p-o.,  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo. 
Rockhold's,  p-o.,  Whitley  co.,  Ky.,  118  s.  s. 
E.  Frankfort,  550  W. 

Rockhouse  Prairie,  p-o.,  Buchanan  co., 
Mo. 

Rockingham,  county,  N.  H.  Situated  in 
the  s.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  695 
square  miles.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  fer- 
tile and  well  cultivated.  Great  Bay  is  a  large 
body  of  water  in  its  n.  e.  part,  and  connected 
with  Piscataqua  r.,  which  bounds  it  on  the  N.  E. 
Massabesic  Pond  is  a  large  sheet  of  water  in  its 
w.  part.  Drained  by  Lamprey,  Exeter,  Beaver, 
and  Spiggot  rivers.  Capital,  Portsmouth.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  29,761,  sheep  38,589, 
swine  15,477;  wheat  20,392  bushels  produced, 
rye  29,933,  Ind.  corn  204,504,  buckwheat  3,056, 
barley  26,036,  oats  83,177,  potatoes  805,367  ;  24 
commercial  and  commission  houses,  capital 
$1,251,500;  303  stores,  cap.  $524,040;  6  lumber 
yards,  cap.  $11,000;  cap.  invested  in  fisheries, 
$59,580  ;  5  furnaces,  16  fulling  m.,  4  woollen  fee, 
6  cottop  fac.  19,500  sp. ;  43  tanneries,  2  distille- 
ries, 1  powder  m.,  4  potteries,  2  flouring  m.,  89 
grist  m.,  108  saw  ra.,  1  oil  m.,  1  paper  fac,  7 
printing  offices,  5  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $2,136,451.  19  acad.  1,015  students, 
243  sch.  10,618  scholars.     Pop.  45,771. 

Rockingham,  county,  Va.  Situated  a  little 
N.  of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  833  sq. 
ms.  Drained  by  Shenandoah  r.  and  its  branches. 
The  surface  is  hilly ;  sod,  on  the  streams,  very 
fertile.  Capital,  Harrisonburg.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  20,122,  sheep  23,955,  swine 
38,765;  wheat  375,187  bushels  produced,  rye 
90,886,  Ind.  corn  470,584,  buckwheat  6,483,  bar- 
ley 1,027,  oats  248,412,  potatoes  41,186,  tobacco 
37,182  pounds,  sugar  3,330 ;  30  stores,  capital 
$303,606;  1  furnace,  3  fulling  m.,  21  tanneries, 
15  distilleries,  3  potteries,  35  flouring  m.,  16  grist 
in.,  42  saw  m.,  4  oil  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  week- 


ly newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $174,165.  1 
acad.  45  students,  26  sch.  799  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  14,944,  slaves  1,899,  free  col'd  501 ;  total, 
17,314. 

Rockingham,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the 
N.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  475  square 
ms.  The  surface  is  elevated.  Drained  by  the 
head  branches  of  Haw  and  Dan  rivers.  Capital, 
Wentworth.  There  were  in  1810,  neat  cattle 
9,725,  sheep  6,157,  swine  30,074;  wheat  61,015 
bushels  produced,  rye  4,805,  Ind.  corn  431,085  ; 
oats  149,402,  potatoes  9,053,  tobacco  1,777,205 
pounds,  cotton  23,947;  18  stores,  cap.  $83,250; 
1  furnace,  1  cotton  fac.  864  sp.,  5  tanneries,  8  dis- 
tilleries, 13  flouring  m.,  36  grist  m.,  25  saw  m.,  2 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $174,433.  11  acad. 
244  students,  10  sch.  211  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
8,595,  slaves  4,572,  free  col'd  275  ;  total,  13,432. 

Rockingham,  p-t.,  Windham  county,  Vt.,  93  s. 
Montpelier,  450  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Connecticut  r.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil, 
generally  productive  and  well  cultivated.  Drain- 
ed by  Williams'  and  Saxton's  rivers,  which  afford 
water  power,  and  flow  into  Connecticut  river. 
It  contains  Bellows  falls,  in  Connecticut  river. 
(See  Bellows  Falls  v.)  In  1785,  a  bridge  was 
erected  over  the  Connecticut,  which,  until  1795, 
was  the  only  bridge  over  that  river.  Near  the 
falls  a  great  variety  of  minerals  are  found.  There 
are  3  villages  in  the  t. — one  at  the  centre,  one  at 
Bellows  falls,  and  one  in  the  s.  part,  on  Saxton's 
river — each  of  which  contains  a  church.  It  has 
12  stores,  cap.  $70,800  ;  7  fulling  m.,  4  woollen 
fac,  2  tanneries,  2  paper  fac,  1  printing  office,  2 
binderies,  1  weekly  newspaper,  1  periodical,  5 
grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufactures, 
$119,937.    17  sch.  703  scholars.    Pop.  2,330. 

Rockingham,  p-v.,  capital  of  Richmond  co., 
N.  C,  135  s.  w.  Raleigh,  409  W.  Situated  on 
Hitchcock's  cr.,  5  miles  e.  of  Pedee  r.,  and  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Rockingham,  p-o.,  Scott  co.,  Iowa. 

Rock  Island.  Situated  in  the  Mississppi  r., 
at  the  foot  of  Rock  r.  rapids,  and  is  3i  ms.  long, 
and  three  fourths  of  a  mile  wide.  The  sides  are 
of  perpendicular  rock,  20  feet  above  the  high- 
est floods.  Fort  Armstrong  is  situated  on  the 
lower  extremity  of  the  island. 

Rock  Island,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the 
n.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  366  sq.  ms. 
The  Mississippi  river  runs  on  its  w.  boundary. 
Drained  by  Rock  r.  The  surface  is  various.  The 
soil  is  fertile,  and  along  the  Mississippi  is  a  rich 
alluvion.  Capital,  Rock  Island  City.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,266,  sheep  763,  swine 
6,569;  wheat  21;170  bushels  produced,  Ind.  corn 
106,800,  oats  20,815,  potatoes  32,477,  tobacco  750 
pounds,  sugar  1,261;  15  stores,  cap.  $35,300;  1 
distillery,  1  pottery,  3  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  periodical,  1  weekly 
newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,162.  9  sch. 
206  scholars.     Pop.  2,610. 

Rock  Island,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  Tenn.,  88  s. 
E.Nashville,  611  W. 

Rock  Island  City,  p-v.,  capital  of  Rock  Is- 
land co.,  111.,  150  Springfield,  879  W.  It  has  been 
laid  out  on  an  extensive  scale,  at  the  junction  of 
Rock  r.  and  the  Mississippi.  It  has  been  in  con- 
templation to  cut  a  canal  from  the  Mississippi, 
above  the  rapids,  to  Rock  r.,  by  which  an  im- 
mense water  power  would  be  gained.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  12  stores,  and  about  800 
inhabitants. 

Rock  Island  Rapids,  m  the  Mississippi,  com- 
mence at  Rock  Island,  just  above  the  mouth  of 
Rock  r.,  and  extend  15  ms.  u{ 


the  r.,  with  a  de- 
scent, in  that  distance,  of  21  feet  10  inches.    In 


ROC 


575 


ROC 


various  places,  ledges  of  rocks  extend  across  the 
r.,  and,  at  low  water,  are  a  great  obstruction  to 
navigation.  The  government  of  the  United 
States  has  done  something  for  the  improvement 
of  these  rapids. 

Rockland,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  in  the  s. 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  172  sq.  ms.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  B.  by  Hudson  r.  The  surface 
is  hilly  and  mountainous,  and  much  broken  ; 
soil,  fertile.  It  contains  some  valuable  minerals, 
particularly  magnetic  iron  ore,  and  variegated 
marble.  The  New  York  and  Erie  railroad  com- 
mences at  Piermont,  and  crosses  the  co.  Capital, 
New  City  v.,  in  Clarkstown  t.  There  were  in 
i  840,  neat  cattle  6,695,  sheep  17,392,  swine 
11,511;  wheat  3,650  bushels  prod.,  rve  35,140, 
2nd.  corn  41,110,  buckwheat  34,111,  oats  47,055, 
potatoes  48, 117;  53  stores,  cap.  $121,600;  5  lum- 
ber yards,  cap.  $50,000 ;  1  furnace,  3  forges,  4 
fulling  m.,  4  woollen  fac,  3  cotton  fac.  1,642  sp., 
1  dyeing  and  print,  establishment,  5  tanneries,  2 
distilleries,  20  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.,  1  paper  fac. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $277,121.  28  sen.  1,099  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  11,975. 

Rockland,  p-t.,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  Y.,  102  s.  w. 
Albany,  321  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
mountainous ;  soil,  gravelly  loam,  adapted  to 
grass.  Drained  by  Big  Beaver  Kill  and  its  tribu- 
taries. It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $2,350 ;  1  tannery,  3 
grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $19,250. 
6  sch.  194  scholars.    Pop.  826. 

Rockland,  p-t.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  212  w.  n. 
W.  Harrisburg,  284  W.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$9,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  furnaces,  5  grist  m.,  5  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,500.  3  sch.  101  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,178. 

Rockland  Lake,  p-o.,  Clarkstown  t.,  Rock- 
land co.,  N.  Y.  Rockland  lake  is  a  body  of  pure 
water,  five  ms.  in  circumference,  200  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  Hudson.  It  abounds  with  fine 
fish,  but  is  chiefly  valuable  for  its  ice,  and  from  it 
the  city  of  New  York  has  been  chiefly  supplied 
with  that  article.  The  ice,  like  the  water,  is  very 
pure. 

Rockland,  t.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.  Surface  hilly 
and  broken.  Drained  by  Maxatawny  and  Sa- 
cony  creeks.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,000  ;  1  fur- 
nace, 1  forge,  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  paper  fac, 
3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,875. 
Pop.  1,649. 

Rockland  Mills,  p-o.,  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  129 
w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  148  W. 

Rockland  Mills,  p-o.,  Saline  co.,  Mo.,  80  n. 
w.  Jefferson  City,  996  W. 

Rock  Mills,  p-o.,  Anderson  dist.,  S.  C,  171 
w.  n.  w.  Columbia,  440  W. 

Rock  Mills,  p-o.,  Hancock  co.,  Ga.,  39  n.  e. 
Milledgeville,  640  W. 

Rock  Mountain,  De  Kalb  co.,  Ga.  A  high, 
solitary  peak,  2,226  feet  above  the  stream,  which 
winds  around  its  base.  It  is  about  7  miles  in  cir- 
cumference. 
Rock  Point,  p-o.,  Independence  co.,  Ark. 
Rockport,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  32  n.  e.  Bos- 
ton, 461  W".  Situated  on  the  n.  part  of  Cape  Ann. 
It  has  a  harbor  for  small  vessels.  It  has  13  stores, 
cap.  $10,410.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,500.  6  sch. 
592  scholars.    Pop.  2,650. 

Rockport,  p-o.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa. 
Rockport,  p-t.,  Cuyahoga  co.,  O.,  132  n.  e. 
Columbus,  367  W.  Bounded  n.  by  Lake  Erie. 
Watered  by  Rocky  r.  It.  contains  the  v.  of  Gran- 
ger, at  the  mouth  of  the  r.,  which  was  laid  out  in 
1815.  It  has  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  8 
sch.  516  scholars.    Pop.  1,235. 

Rockport,  p-v.,  capital  of  Spencer  co.,  la.,  162 
s.  s.  w.  Indianapolis,  689  W.    Situated  on  the  n. 


w.  bank  of  Ohio  r.,  on  a  high  bluir,  and  contains 
1  stores,  1  tannery,  1  ship-yard,  and  about  300 
inhabitants. 

Rockport,  p-o.,  Hot  Springs  co.,  Ark.,  46  w. 
s.  w.  Little  Rock,  1,111  W.  Situated  on  the  e. 
side  of  Washita  r. 

Rock  Rest,  p-o.,  Chatham  co.,  N.  C,  41  w. 
Raleigh,  330  W. 

Rock  River  Rapids,  p-o.,  Whitesides  co.,  III., 
174  n.  Springfield,  837  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side 
of  Rock  r. 

Rock  Ritn,  p-o.,  Harford  co.,  Md.,  67  n.  An- 
napolis, 77  W. 

Rock  Run,  p-o.,  Stephenson  co.,  111.,  229  N. 
Springfield,  827  W. 

Rock  Spring,  p-o.,  Cecil  co.,  Md. 

Rock  Spring,  p-v.,  Hickman  co.,  Ky.,  302  w. 
s.  w.  Frankfort,  828  W. 

Rock  Spring,  p-v.,  St.  Clair  co.,  111.,  18  e.  St. 
Louis,  95  s.  Springfield,  801  W.  Its  name  is  de- 
rived from  a  series  of  springs,  issuing  from  ledges 
of  rocks,  at  the  place.  It  has  an  elevated,  healthy, 
and  pleasant  situation. 

Rock  Stream,  p-o.,  Starkey  t.,  Yates  co.,  N. 
Y.,  198  w.  Albany,  313  W. 

Rockvale,  p-o.,  Peoria  co.,  111. 

Rockville,  p-v.,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  26  s.  Bos- 
ton, 420  W. 

Rockville,  p-o.,  Belfast  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N. 
Y.,  269  w.  by  s.  Albany,  331  W. 

Rockville,  p-v.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  58  E.  s.  E. 
Harrisburg,  133  W. 

Rockville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Montgomery  co., 
Md.,  56  W.  Annapolis,  16  W.  Situated  on  the 
head  waters  of  Watts  branch  of  Potomac  r.,  and 
contains  a  court  houset  jail,  county  offices,  about 
60  dwellings,  and  300  inhabitants. 

Rockville,  p-v.,  Adams  co.,  O.,  112  s.  by  w. 
Columbus,  446  W. 

Rockville,  p-v.,  Rowan  co.,  N.  C,  133  w. 
Raleigh,  370  W. 

Rockville,- p-v.,  Jefferson  co.,  Ala. 

Rockville,  p-v.,  Putnam  co.,  Ga.,  32  n.  Mil- 
ledgeville, 638  W. 

Rockville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Parke  co.,  la.,  64 
w.  Indianapolis,  636  W.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  10  stores,  a  printing  office,  about  100  dwell- 
ings, and  650  inhabitants. 

Rockville,  p-v.,  Will  co.,  111.,  162  n.  n.  b. 
Springfield,  716  W. 

Rockville,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Tenn.,  164  e.s. 
e.  Nashville,  537  W. 

Rockwell,  p-o.,  Cleveland  co.,  N.  C. 

Rockv  Hill,  p-v.,  Wethersfield  t.,  Hartford 
co.,  Ct.,  7  s.  Hartford,  333  W.  Situated  on  the 
w.  side  of  Connecticut  r.,  and  contains  a  Con- 

?regational  church,  surrounded  by  a  pleasant  v. 
t  has  a  good  landing  place  on  the  r.  Some  ves- 
sels are  built  here. 

Rock  Comfort,  cr.,  Ga.,  rises  w.  of  Warren- 
ton,  and  runs  s.  into  Ogeechee  r.,  just  below 
Louisville,  and  affords  water  power. 

Rocky  Hill,  p-v.,  Montgomery  t.,  Somerset 
co.,  N.  J.,  12  s.  w.  Somerville,  14  n.  by  e.  Tren- 
ton, 185  W.  Situated  on  Millstone  r.,  and  con- 
tains 2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
and  about  15  dwellings. 

Rocky  Hill,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  O.,  77  s.  by  e. 
Columbus,  381  W. 

Rocky  Hill,  p-o.,  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  129  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  652  W. 

Rocky  Mount,  p-v.,  capital  of  Franklin  co., 
Va.,  179  w.by  s.  Richmond,  254  W.  Situated  on 
a  tributary  of  Roanoke  r.,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  2  stores,  1  tannery,  1  iron  furnace  hi 
the  vicinity,  which  employs  100  laborers,  and 
about  180  inhabitants. 


ROM 


576 


ROM 


Rocky  Mount,  p-v.,  Nash  co.,  N.  C,  56  e. 
Raleigh,  242  W. 

Rocky  Mount,  p-v.,  Meriwether  co.,  Ga.,  102 
w.  Milledgeville,  721  W. 

Rocky  Mount,  p-y.,  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  119  s. 
Tuscaloosa,  911  W. 

Rocky  Mount,  p-v.,  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  294 
E.  by  n.  Nashville,  401  W. 

Rocky  Mount,  p-o.,  Miller  co.,  Mo.,  50  s.  w. 
Jefferson  City,  985  W. 

Rocky  Mount,  p-o.,  Kemper  co.,  Miss.,  115  e. 
N.  E.  Jackson,  912  W. 

Rocky  Narrows,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  O.,  127  e. 
Columbus,  280  W. 

Rocky  Spring,  p-v.,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  49  w. 
by  s.  Harrisburg,  94  W. 

Rocky  Spring,  p-v.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  C, 
123  n.  w.  Raleigh,  303  W. 

Rocky  Spring,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  188  n. 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  645  W. 

Rocky  Spring,  p-o.,  Granger  co.,  Tenn.,  229 
E.  Nashville,  453  W. 

Rocky  Spring,  p-o.,  Claiborne  par.,  Miss.,  45 
N.  w.  Jackson,  1,055  W. 

Rodgersville,  p-v.,  Lauderdale  co.,  Ala.,  131 
N.  Tuscaloosa,  756  W. 

Rodman,  p-t.,  Jefferson  co.,  N.  Y.,  lis.  Water- 
town,  163  n.  w.  Albany,  408  W.  The  surface  is 
undulating ;  soil,  a  fertile  sandy  and  clay  loam. 
Drained  by  Sandy  cr.  The  v.  is  situated  on 
Sandy  cr.,  and  contains  3  churches — 1  Presby- 
terian, 1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist — 3  stores,  1  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.,  2  carding  and  fulling  m.,  1  tannery, 
35  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.  4  stores,  cap.  $12,000 ;  2  fulling  m., 
1  woollen  fac,  2  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,000. 
21  sch.  660  scholars.    Pop.  1,702. 

Rodney,  p-v.,  Decatur  co.,  Ga.,  215  s.  s.  w. 
Milledgeville,  872  W. 

Rodney,  p-v.,  Jefferson  co.,  Miss.,  92  s.  w.  Jack- 
son, 1,192  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Missis- 
sippi r.  It  contains  8  stores,  and  about  500  in- 
habitants. 

Rodolphil,  p-o.,  Amelia  co.,  Va.,  52  s.  w. 
Richmond,  169  W. 

Rodericksville,  p-o.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  74  e. 
Harrisburg,  167  W. 

Rodgers  Store,  p-o.,  Wake  co.,  N.  C,  16 
Raleigh,  288  W. 

Rogersville,  p-v.,  Anderson  dist.,  S.  C,  131 
w.  n.  w.  Columbia,  560  W. 

Rogersville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Hawkins  co., 
Tenn.,  246  e.  by  N.  Nashville,  436  W.  Situated 
a  little  n.  of  Holston  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Rohrersville,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Md. 

Rohrsburg,  p-v.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  93  e.  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  204  W. 

Rokeby,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  O.,  74  e.  by  s.  Co- 
lumbus, 337  W. 

Rolesville,  p-v.,  Wake  co.,  N.  C,  21  n.  n.  e. 
Raleigh,  279  W.  Situated  3  ms.  n.  e.  of  Neuse 
r.,  and  contains  150  inhabitants. 

Rolersville,  p-v.,  Sandusky  co.,  O.,  42  n.  Co- 
lumbus, 437  W. 

Rollin,  p-t.,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  79  s.  w.  De- 
troit, 519  W.  The  soil  is  very  fertile,  adapted  to 
grain.  Watered  by  Tiffin's  cr.  The  v.  is  situated 
on  Bean  cr.,  which  affords  water  power.  It  has 
1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,300. 
4  sch.  174  scholars.     Pop.  581. 

Rolling  Fork,  p-o.,  Nelson  co.,  Ky.,  77  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  599  W. 

Rollin's  Store,  p-o.,  Moore  co.,  N.  C. 

Rome,  p-t.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  20  n.  n.  w. 
Augusta,  613  W.  It  has  a  large  pond  on  its  n. 
border,  another  on  the  e.,  and  a  third  on  its  s. 


border.  All  these  have  their  outlet  into  the 
Kennebec  in  Waterville.  Incorporated  in  1804. 
The  soil  is  adapted  to  grain.  It  has  10  sch.  477 
scholars.     Pop.  987. 

Rome,  p-t.,  and  semi-capital  of  Oneida  co.,  N. 
Y.,  107  n.  w.  Albany,  391  W.  The  surface  is 
chiefly  level,  or  gently  undulating  ;  soil,  a  fertile 
clay  and  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Mohawk  r., 
on  which  is  excellent  land,  and  Wood  cr.,  which 
flows  into  Oneida  lake.  These  two  streams 
were  connected  by  a  small  canal,  before  the  con- 
struction of  the  Erie  canal,  which  was  bought 
out  when  the  latter  was  made.  The  v.  is  on 
the  Mohawk  r.  and  the  Erie  canal,  and  contains 
6  churches,  1  bank,  1  female  seminary,  a  United 
States  arsenal,  with  a  magazine  and  workshops,  25 
stores,  1  cotton  fac,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  brew- 
ery, 1  blast  furnace,  350  dwellings,  and  about  2,500 
inhabitants.  The  Black  r.  canal  here  unites 
with  the  Erie  canal,  and  the  Syracuse  and  Utica 
railroad  passes  through  the  v.  This  was  the  site 
of  old  Fort  Stanwyx,  built  in  1758,  and  rebuilt  in 
the  revolutionary  war,  and  called  Fort  Schuyler. 
There  are  in  the  t.  33  stores,  cap.  $227,130;  2 
fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  900  sp., 
1  furnace,  3  tanneries,  1  brewery,  2  potteries,  1 
printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  2  grist  m., 
15  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $148,860.  3  acad. 
307  students,  21  sch.  1,290  scholars.     Pop.  5,680. 

Rome,  p-t.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  142  n.  Harris- 
burg, 252  W.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $400 ;  2  grist 
m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,300.  6  sch. 
195  scholars.     Pop.  817. 

Rome,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.  It  has  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,000.  4  sch.  94  scholars. 
Pop.  737. 

Rome,  p-v.,  capital  of  Floyd  co.,  Ga.,  161  n. 
w.  Milledgeville,  672  W.  Situated  on  the  point 
formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Etowah  and 
Oostanaula  rivers.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  2  churches — 1  Baptist  and  1  Methodist — an 
academy,  3  stores,  30  dwellings,  and  about  300 
inhabitants. 

Rome,  p-v.,  Smith  co.,  Tenn.,  45  n.  e.  Nash- 
ville, 639  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of  Tennes- 
see r.  It  contains  2  stores  and  several  dwell- 
ings. 

Rome,  p-t.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.,  190  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 330  W.  It  was  formerly  called  Rich- 
field.    It  has  7  sch.  207  scholars.     Pop.  765. 

Rome,  t.,  Athens  co.,  O.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$2,000  ;  1  distillery,  2  saw  m.,  3  oil  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $14,100.  6  sch.  125  scholars.  Pop. 
866. 

Rome,  t.,  Lawrence  co.,  O.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $1,000  ;  3  saw  m.,  10  sch.  297  scholars.  Pop. 
1,128. 

Rome,  p-t.,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  70  s.  w.  De- 
troit, 510  W.  Watered  by  head  branches  of 
Beaver  cr.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain. 
It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,000 ;  3  saw  m.,  10  sch.  297 
scholars.     Pop.  1,128. 

Rome,  p-v.,  Knox  co.,  Ky.,  127  s.  e.  Frankfort, 
510  W. 

Rome,  p-v.,  capital  of  Perry  co.,  la.,  143  s.  by 
w.  Indianapolis,  653  W.  Situated  on  the  n. 
bank  of  Ohio  r.  It  contains  a  fine  brick  court 
house,  a  stone  jail,  2  churches,  2  stores,  40 
dwellings,  and  about  250  inhabitants. 

Rome,  p-v.,  Peoria  co.,  111.,  85  n.  Springfield, 
799  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Peoria  lake, 
here  1  m.  wide,  and  contains  about  25  dwellings 
and  150  inhabitants. 

Rome,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  Iowa. 

Romeo,  p-v.,  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  250  e.  Nash- 
ville, 436  W. 

Romeo,    p-o.,  Washington   t.,  Macomb   co., 


ROS 


577 


ROS 


Mich.,  70  N.  Detroit,  ;">  1 1)  W.  Pleasantly  situated 
1  m.  from  the  n.  branch  of  Clinton  r.  It  contains 
an  academy,  4  stores,  1  iron  foundry,  and  1  tan- 
nery. 

Romine's  Mills,  p-o-  Harrison  co.,  Va.,  243 
N.  w.  Richmond,  231  W. 

Romney,  p-v.,  capital  of  Hampshire  co.,  Va., 
188  n.  n.  w.  Richmond,  116  W.  Situated  on  the 
e.  side  of  the  s.  branch  of  Potomac  r.,  and  con- 
tains a  court  house,  and  about  400  inhabitants. 

Romulus,  p-t.,  Seneca  co.,  N.  Y.,  183  w. 
Albany,  329  W.  The  surface  is  moderately 
elevated  in  the  centre,  and  declines  toward 
Cayuga  lake,  which  bounds  it  on  the  e.,  and 
toward  Seneca  lake,  which  bounds  it  on  the  w. 
The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  wheat.  The  v. 
contains  1  Presbyterian  church,  2  stores,  and 
about  25  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  1  store, 
cap.  $5,000  ;  8  sch.  290  scholars.     Pop.  2,235. 

Romulus,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  36  s.  w. 
Detroit,  516  W.  It  has  3  sch.  160  scholars. 
Pop.  464. 

Romulus,  p-o.,  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala.,  12  w. 
Tuscaloosa,  830  W. 

Rondout,  creek,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Sullivan  co., 
and  flows  into  Hudson  r.  in  Ulster  co.,  near  the 
v.  of  Rondout.  It  receives  the  Wallkill  and 
other  tributaries,  and  affords  water  power.  The 
Delaware  and  Hudson  canal  passes  along  the 
valley  of  this  cr.  At  the  junction  of  Rondout 
cr.  and  Hudson  r.  is  a  light-house. 

Rondout,  p-v.,  Kingston  t.,  Ulster  co.,  N.  Y., 
59  s.  Albany,  314  W.  Situated  on  the  N.  side 
of  Rondout  cr.,  1  m.  from  its  entrance  into  Hud- 
son r.,  and  contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Ro- 
man Catholic  church,  1  female  seminary,  25 
stores,  3  freighting  establishments,  1  tobacco  fac, 

1  grist  m.,  4  boat  yards,  and  2  dry  docks,  200 
dwellings,  and  about  1,500  inhabitants;  2  steam- 
boats, 14  freight  barges,  and  13  sloops,  are  owned 
here,  and  navigate  the  r.  It  is  a  depot  of  the 
Lackawanna  coal  of  the  Delaware  and  Hudson 
canal  company. 

Ronkonkama  Pond,  N.  Y.  Situated  near  the 
centre  of  Long  Island,  and  is  about  1  m.  in  di- 
ameter, very  deep  and  transparent,  and  abounds 
with  fish.  It  is  surrounded  by  pine  and  other 
timber,  and  has  a  romantic  and  pleasant  appear- 
ance. 

Root,  p-t.,  Montgomery  co.,  N.  Y.,  43  w.  by 
N.  Albany,  402  W.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly  ; 
soil,  fertile  loam,  on  slate  and  lime.  Drained  by 
small  branches  of  Mohawk  r.  which  runs  on  its 
N.  border.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $27,400 ;  3  tan- 
neries, 2  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$37,055.     17  sch.  756  scholars.     Pop.  2,979. 

Root,  p-v.,  Allen  co.,  la. 

Root  Centre,  p-o.,  Root  t.,  Montgomery  co., 
N.  Y.,  44  Albany,  398  W. 

Rootstown,  p-t.,  Portage  co.,  O.,  144  n.  e. 
Columbus,  320  W.  It  is  a  fine  farming  t.,  lying 
directly  s.  of  Ravenna.  It  has  8  sch.  255  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,112. 

Roscoe,  p-v.,  Coshocton  co.,  O.,  84  Columbus. 
333  W.  Situated  on  the  Ohio  canal  and  Mus- 
kingum r.  opposite  to  Coshocton,  at  the  conflu- 
ence of  the  Wahonding  and  Tuscarawas  r.  to 
form  the  Muskingum.  It  has  good  water  power, 
and  contains  8  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1 
iron  foundry,  a  boat  yard,  about  60  dwellings, 
and  400  inhabitants.     A  fine  bridge  crosses  the 

2  rivers,  just  above  their  confluence. 
Roscoe,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  Mo.,  130  w.  by  s 

Jefferson  City,  1,076  W. 

Roscoe,  p-v.,  Winnebago  co.,  111.,  216  n 
Springfield,  817  W. 

Rose,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  N.  Y.,  7  n.  Lyons,  179 
73 


w.  by  n.  Albany,  359  W.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating;  soil,  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  small 
streams  flowing  into  Lake  Ontario.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $10,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1 
grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,230.  7 
sch.  573  scholars.     Pop.  2,03S. 

Rose,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $4,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery, 
1  distillery,  5  grist  m.,  17  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $33,820.    4  sch.  100  scholars.    Pop.  1,421. 

Rose,  p-t.,  Carroll  co.,  O.,  128  e.  n.  e.  Colum- 
bus, 308  W.  It  has  1  sch.  20  scholars.  Pop. 
1,593. 

Rose,  p-t.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  49  n.  w.  De- 
troit, 571  W.  It  has  3  sch.  91  scholars.  Pop. 
415. 

Roseboom,  p-o.,  Otsego  co.,  N.  Y.,  59  w.  Al- 
bany, 384  W. 

Roseburg,  p-v.,  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  38  w.  Harris- 
burg,  126  W. 

Rose  Creek,  p-o.,  McNairy  co.,  Term.,  158  s. 
w.  Nashville,  834  W. 

Rosedale,  p-v.,  Madison  co.,  O.,  30  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 425  W. 

Rose  Hill,  p-o.,  Lee  co.,  Va.,  17  e.  of  Cum- 
berland Gap,  402  w.  by  s.  Richmond,  470  W. 

Rose  Hill,  p-o.,  Amitie  co.,  Miss.,  112  s. 
Jackson,  1,112  W. 

Roseland,  p-o.,  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  126  w.  by 
n.  Harrisburg,  208  W. 

Roseland,  p-o.,  Nelson  co.,  Va.,  114  w.  by  N. 
Richmond,  166  W. 

Rose  Mills,  p-o.,  Amherst  co.,  Va.,  114  w. 
Richmond,  166  W. 

Rosedale,  p-v.,  Hurley  t.,  Ulster  co.,  N.  Y., 
65  s.  by  w.  Albany,  315  W.  Situated  on  Ron- 
dout cr.,  and  on  the  line  of  the  Delaware  and 
Hudson  canal.  It  contains  4  stores,  2  hydraulic 
cement  mills,  50  dwellings,  and  about  400  in- 
habitants. Here  is  found  and  manufactured  a 
large  quantity  of  hydraulic  cement.  Two  ms. 
below,  near  the  high  falls  of  the  Rondout,  is  a 
mineral  spring,  which  possesses  valuable  pro- 
perties. 

Roseneath,  p-v.,  Halifax  co.,  N.  C,  112  n. 
e.  Raleigh,  236  W. 

Rosevelt,  p-o.,  Schroepel  t.,  Oswego  co.,  N. 
Y.,  145  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  370  W. 

Roseville,  p-v.,  Bush  Creek  t.,  Muskingum 
co.,  O.,  65  e.  Columbus,  349  W.  Situated  on  the 
s.  fork  of  Jonathan's  cr.,  and  contains  2  stores,  1 
saw  m.,  1  grist  m.,  25  dwellings,  and  about  150 
inhabitants. 

Roseville,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  7  w.  De- 
troit, 531  W. 

Roseville,  p-v.,  Parke  co.,  la.,  74  w.  Indian- 
apolis, 616  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of  Big 
Racoon  cr. 

Ross,  county,  O.  Situated  toward  the  s.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  650  square  ms.  The  s. 
part  is  hilly,  but  tolerably  fertile ;  the  N.  part  is 
level,  and  very  fertile.  Watered  by  Scioto  r. 
and  its  branches,  which  afford  extensive  water 


power.  It  exports  grain  and  cattle  to  a  large 
amount.  Capital,  Chillicothe.  There  were  in 
1810,  neat  cattle  20,578,  sheep  30,382,  swine 
48,678 ;  wheat  390,790  bush,  produced,  rye  3,580, 
Indian  corn  1,899,320,  barley  1,595,  oats  199,459, 
potatoes  27,070,  sugar  29,870  pounds ;  101  stores, 
cap.  $305,000 ;  3  bfoomeries,  3  fulling  m.,  4  wool- 
len lac,  18  tanneries,  11  distilleries,  12  flouring 
m.,  19  grist  m.,  29  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  paper  fac, 
2  printing  offices,  2  binderies,  2  weekly  newspa- 
pers. Capital  in  manufac.  $152,220.  2  acad.  85 
students.     Pop.  27,460. 

Ross,  t,  Monroe  co.,  Pa.    It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$3,000 ;  8  grist  m.,  19  saw  m.    Pop.  987. 


ROU 


578 


ROX 


Ross,  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  4  n.  Pittsburgh. 
The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  loam.  Drained  by 
Pine  cr.  and  its  branches.  It  has  the  Alleghany 
r.  on  the  s.  e.,  and  Ohio  r.  on  the  s.  w.  border. 
It  contains  the  important  borough  of  Alleghany. 
It  has  4  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac. 
$5,200.    6  sch.  350  scholars.     Pop.  1,675. 

Ross,  p-t.,  Butler  co.,  O.,  110  w.  s.  w.  Colum- 
bus, 498  W.  It  has  9  sch.  506  scholars.   Pop.  1,526. 

Ross,  t.,  Greene  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,337. 

Ross,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  O.  The  surface  is  hilly. 
Watered  by  Big  Yellow  cr.,  along  which  are  5 
several  salt  works  in  operation.  It  contains  also 
much  stone  coal,  and  some  iron  ore.   Pop.  929. 

Ross,  p-o.,  Anderson  co.,  Tenn.,  82  e.  Nash- 
ville, 521  W. 

Rossburg,  p-v.,  Decatur  co.,  la. 

Rosscommon,  p-o.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  76  e.  s.  e. 
Harrisburg,  100  W. 

Ross  Corners,  p-o.,  York  co.,  Me.,  85  s.  s.  w. 
Augusta,  527  W. 

Rossie,  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.  Y.,  25  s.  w. 
Canton,  183  n.  w.  Albany,  452  W.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  some  broken ;  soil,  a  fertile 
loam.  Drained  by  Oswegatchie  r.,  which  here 
has  a  curve,  called  the  Oxbow,  and  by  Indian  r. 
Iron  and  lead  ore  are  found  in  great  abundance. 
The  v.  is  situated  on  Indian  r.,  near  the  head  of 
Black  lake,  and  contains  the  lead  mines,  6  stores, 
1  furnace,  1  forge,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  iron 
foundry  and  machine  shop,  100  dwellings,  and 
about  800  inhabitants.  The  lead  mines  appear  to 
be  inexhaustible,  and  furnish  the  metal  of  the 
purest  kind.  There  are  in  the  t.  3  stores,  capital 
$6,400 ;  3  furnaces,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  4  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $20,780.  5  sch.  217  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,553. 

Rossville,  p-v.,  Westfield  t.,  Richmond  co., 
N.  Y.,  163  s.  Albany,  241 W.  Situated  on  Staten 
Island  sound,  and  contains  2  stores,  2  carriage 
fac,  and  12  or  15  dwellings.  Steamboats  from 
New  York  land  here  daily  in  passing,  and  a  ferry 
crosses  to  the  Jersey  shore,  called  the  Old  Blazing 
Star  Ferry. 

Rossville,  p-v.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  24  s.  Harris- 
burg, 103  W. 

Rossville,  p-v.,  Baltimore  co.,  Md. 

Rossville,  p-v.,  Cherokee  co.,  N.  C,  361  w. 
by  s.  Raleigh,  591  W.    Situated  on  Valley  r. 

Rossville,  p-v.,  Walker  co.,  Ga.,  221  n. 
w.  Milledgeville,  615  W.  Situated  about  300 
yards  s.  of  the  Tennessee  line.  Formerly  a  mis- 
sionary station  in  the  Cherokee  nation. 

Rossville,  p-t.,  Butler  co.,  O.,  102  w.  s.  w. 
Columbus,  490  W.  A  wealthy  and  flourishing  t. 
It  has  1  sch.  12  scholars.    Pop.  1,143. 

Rossville,  p-v.,  Clinton  co.,  la.,  164  n.  by  w. 
Indianapolis,  548  W. 

Rost  Raver,  p-t.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  191 
Harrisburg,  217  W.  It  is  bounded  by  the  You- 
ghiogheny  r.  on  the  e.,  and  Monongahela  r.  on 
the  w.  The  surface  is  hilly;  soil,  calcareous 
loam.     It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $4,200  ;  1  fulling  m., 

1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  pot- 
tery, 5  flouring  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$35,990.     6  sch.  258  scholars.     Pop.  1,880. 

Rotherwood,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  Ga.,  119  \v.  by 
N.  Milledgeville,  726  W. 

Rotterdam,  p-t.,  Schenectady  co.,  N.  Y.,  22 
w.  N.  w.  Albany,  390  W.  The  surface  is  roll- 
ing ;  soil,  a  productive  sandy  loam  and  alluvion. 
Mohawk  r.  bounds  it  on  the  n.  e.,  and  receives 
from  it  small  streams.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $8,050 ; 

2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$2,700.    10  sch.  387  scholars.    Pop.  2,284. 

Rough  Creek  Church,  p-o.,  Charlotte  co., 
Va.,  107  s.  w.  Richmond,  194  W. 


Roulette,  p-t.,  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  179  n.  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  289  W.     It  has  1  grist  m.     Pop.  152. 

Round  Grove,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  Mo.,  137  N. 
w.  Jefferson  City,  1,031  W. 

Round  Head,  p-t.,  Hardin  co.,  O.,  89  n.  w. 
Columbus,  476  W.  Drained  by  the  head  waters 
of  Scioto  r.  It  has  1  tannery,  4  sch.  30  scholars. 
Pop.  569. 

Round  Hill,  p-v.,  Greenwich  t,  Fairfield  co., 
Ct.,  85  s.  w.  Hartford,  261  W.  It  contains  a 
church  and  several  dwellings. 

Round  Hill,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C,  34  n.  w. 
Raleigh,  270  W. 

Round  Hill,  p-o.,  Cooper  co.,  Mo.,  40  w.  N. 
w.  Jefferson  City,  976  W. 

Round  Lake," lies  in  Lake  Pleasant  t.,  Hamil- 
ton co.,  N.,  Y.,  and  flows,  by  an  outlet  half  a  mile 
long,  into  Lake  Pleasant. 

Round  Prairie,  p-o.,  Walworth  co.,  Wis. 

Rouse's  Point,  p-v.,  Champlain  t.,  Clinton  co., 
N.  Y.,  185  n.  Albany,  560  W.  Situated  on  the 
w.  side  of  Lake  Champlain,  and  has  a  steamboat 
landing  about  half  a  mile  s.  of  Canada  line.  The 
v.  contains  1  Methodist  church,  3  stores,  20  dwell- 
ings, and  about  100  inhabitants.  A  little  n.  of 
the  v.,  the  United  States  built,  shortly  after  the 
late  war,  a  strong  fortification,  in  the  form  of  a 
round  tower,  pierced  for  several  tiers  of  guns,  and 
which  cost  over  $400,000,  which  was  found  to  be 
within  the  Canada  line,  and  abandoned.  It  is 
nearly  in  ruins,  but  is  now  within  the  United 
States,  by  the  terms  of  the  late  treaty.  The  site 
is  highly  favorable  for  a  fortification,  which  will 
command  the  entrance  to  Lake  Champlain. 

Rousseau,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  O.,  79  e.  by  s. 
Columbus,  338  W. 

Rowan,  county,  N.  C.  Centrally  situated  in 
the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  375  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Yadkin  r.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cap- 
ital, Salisbury.  It  had  in  1840,  4  sch.  98  schol- 
ars. Pop.  whites  8,646,  slaves  3,365,  free  col'd 
98;  total,  12,109. 

Rowe,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  22  w.  by  n. 
Greenfield,  130  w.  n.  w.  Boston.  The  surface  is 
elevated  and  uneven  ;  soil,  adapted  to  grazing. 
Watered  by  Pelham  brook,  a  branch  of  Deerfield 
r.  It  contains  4  churches.  The  v.,  at  the  centre, 
contains  1  Congregational,  1  Unitarian,  and  1 
Methodist  church.  The  t.  was  incorporated  in 
1785.  There  are  in  the  t.  1  store,  cap.  $5,000 ;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac  $11,100. 

Rowesville,  p-v.,  Bedford  co.,  Tenn.,  68  s. 
Nashville,  691  W. 

Row's,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  O.,  89  n.  e.  Colum- 
bus, 358  W. 

Rowland,  p-t.,  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  83. 

Rowlandsville,  p-v.,  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  73  n.  e. 
Annapolis,  83  W. 

Rowley,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  30  n.  by  e. 
Boston,  470  W.  There  is  a  large  amount  of  salt 
meadow.  The  arable  soil  is  fertile.  Watered 
by  Rowley  r.,  which  affords  water  power,  and 
has  a  harbor  at  its  mouth  for  small  vessels. 
Plum  island,  off  its  coast,  belongs  to  this  t.  The 
v.,  at  the  centre,  contains  2  churches  and  about 
35  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  3  stores,  cap. 
$4,800 ;  4  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $32,050.  1  acad.  30  students,  3  sch. 
218  scholars.     Pop.  1,203. 

Roxboro,  t.,  Philadelphia  co.,  Pa.,  71  N.  w. 
Philadelphia.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  rough  ; 
soil,  clay  and  loam.  It  contains  the  v.  of  Many- 
unk,  on  the  Schuylkill  r.,  where  a  canal  connects 
the  pool  at  Fairmount  with  that  of  Flat  Rock. 
The  dam  presents  a  beautiful  cascade,  and  forms 
an  interesting  feature  of  the  picturesque  scenery. 


ROY 


570 


RUG 


Soapstone,  or  steatite,  is  found  in  the  N.  w.  part 
of  the  t.  It  has  24  stores,  cap.  $24,5(X) ;  1  lum- 
ber yard,  cap.  $20,000;  1  forge,  11  fulling  m.,  4 
woollen  fac,  8  cotton  fac.  17,940  sp.,  3  paper  fac, 
8  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac.  $1,2 10,100.   12  sch.  716  scholars.  Pop.  5,7i*7. 

Roxborough,  p-v.,  capital  of  Person  co.,  N.  C, 
54  N.  n.  \v.  Raleigh,  250  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  2  stores,  and  about  10*0  inhabitants. 

Roxbury,  p-t.,  Cheshire  co.,  N.  II.,  49  s.  w. 
Concord,  439  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil, 
adapted  to  grazing.  Drained  by  branches  of 
Ashuelot  r.  Incorporated  in  1812.  It  has  3  sch. 
92  scholars.     Pop.  286. 

RoxnuRV,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  16  s.  by  w. 
Montpelier,  500  W.  Drained  by  head  branches 
of  Dog  r.,  which  flows  into  Onion  r.,  and  by 
head  branches  of  White  r.,  which  flows  into 
Connecticut  r.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil,  fer- 
tile. Chartered  in  1781.  Dog  r.  affords  water 
power.     It  has  1  store,  cap.  $4,050  ;  1  fulling  m., 

3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,315. 

4  sch.  93  scholars.     Pop.  227. 

Roxburv,  p-t.,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  2  s.  Boston, 
438  W.  A  great  part  of  the  surface  is  rocky ; 
but  the  soil  is  strong  and  highly  cultivated.  It 
is  joined  to  Boston  by  a  neck  of  land,  which  con- 
stitutes a  broad  avenue,  and  may  be  regarded  as 
a  continuation  of  Washington-street,  Boston.  In 
the  w.  part  of  the  t.  is  Jamaica  plains,  a  level 
tract,  with  elegant  country  seats,  and  well  culti- 
vated gardens.  Here  is  a  pond,  by  which  the 
Boston  aqueduct  is  supplied.  It  is  4  miles  from 
Boston,  with  4  trains  of  cast  iron  pipes,  the  aggre- 
gate length  of  which  is  40  ms.  The  v.  at  the 
centre  contains  5  churches — 1  Unitarian,  1 
Congregational,  1  Baptist,  1  Episcopal,  and  1 
Universalist,  2  banks,  and  many  beautiful  resi- 
dences. There  are  10  churches  in  the  t.  Incor- 
porated in  1630.  It  has  83  stores,  cap.  $755,000 ; 
4  lumber  yards,  cap.  $60,000 ;  5  tanneries,  2  print- 
ing offices,  2  binderies,  1  weekly  newspaper,  5 
grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $350,000. 
12  acad.  350  students,  20  sch.  881  scholars.  Pop. 
9,089. 

Roxbury,  p-t.,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct.,  53  w.  s.  w. 
Hartford,  314  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil, 
gravelly  loam,  with  some  sandy  loam.  Shepaug 
r.,  a  tributary  of  the  Housatonic,  runs  through 
the  t.  from  n.  to  s.,  in  its  w.  part.  It  contains  a 
Congregational  and  an  Episcopal  church.  It  has 
2  stores,  cap.  $5,850 ;  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $1,450.  7  sch.  211  scholars.  Pop.  971. 

Roxbury,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.,  N.  Y.,  20  e.  Del- 
hi, 65  s.  w.  Albany,  352  W.  The  surface  is  hilly 
and  mountainous  ;  soil,  sandy  loam,  very  fertile 
in  the  valleys.  Drained  by  Papacton  branch  of 
Delaware  r.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $21,000;  1 
fulling  m.,  4  tanneries,  5  grist  m.,  18  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $63,600.  18  sch.  990  scholars.  Pop. 
3,013. 

Roxbury,  t,  Morris  co.,  N.  J.,  14  n.  w.  Mor- 
ristown.  Schooley's  mountain  fills  the  greater 
portion  of  its  area.  On  its  summit  is  Budd's  pond, 
2  ms.  long  and  1  broad,  which  has  its  outlet  into 
the  s.  branch  of  Raritan  r.  Black  r.  runs  on  its 
e.  border.  The  soil  is  clay  loam,  with  a  mixture 
of  calcareous  loam.  It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $  1 4,200 ; 
1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $4,100 ;  1  forge,  2  fulling  m., 

1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  4  distilleries,  1  pottery, 

2  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,300.  14  sch.  587 
scholars.    Pop.  2,231. 

Roxbury,  p-v.,  Lurgan  t,  Franklin  co.,  Pa., 
47  w.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  103  W.  Situated  on 
Conedogwinnet  cr.,  on  the  e.  side  of  Blue  moun- 
tain. 

Royal  Centre,  p-o.,  Cass  co.,  la. 


Royal  Oak,  p-o.,  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  53  e.  by  s. 
Annapolis,  03  W. 

Royal  Oak,  p-t.,  Oakland  ro„  Mich.,  14  N.  De- 
troit, 538  W.  Watered  by  Red  r.  The  v.  con- 
tains 1  store,  and  1  steam  saw  m.  The  Detroit 
and  Pontine  railroad  passes  through  it.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $7,020  ;  2  saw  ra.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$5,315.    6  sch.  363  scholars.     Pop.  860. 

Royalston,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  74  w. 
Boston,  416  W.  The  surface  is  uneven;  soil, 
productive.  Watered  by  Miller's  r.,  which,  with 
its  branches,  affords  good  water  power.  Incor- 
porated in  1765.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $25,000 ;  7 
fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m., 
7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $61,350.  12  sch. 
233  scholars.    Pop.  1,667. 

Royaltov,  p-t.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  33  s.  Mont- 
pelier, 483  W.  The  surface  is  broken  and  moun- 
tainous ;  soil,  fertile,  particularly  along  White  r., 
by  which,  and  its  branches,  it  is  watered.  The 
v.  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  bank  of  White  r., 
and  contains  a  handsome  Congregational  church, 
an  academy,  a  number  of  stores,  and  some  neat 
dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  4  stores,  cap. 
$11,000;  2  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries, 
1  grist  ra.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,000. 
1  acad.  36  students,  16  sch.  567  scholars.  Pop. 
1,917. 

Royalton,  p-t.,  Niagara  co.,  N.  Y.,8  e.  Lock- 
port,  271  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  undulating ; 
soil,  a  fertile  calcareous  loam.  Watered  by  Tona- 
wanda  cr.,  which  bounds  it  on  the  s.  It  contains 
the  v.  of  Gasport,  on  the  Erie  canal,  where  are 
some  inflammable  springs.  There  are  in  the  1. 11 
stores,  cap.  $35,850 ;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  7  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $24,950.  16  sch.  744  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  3,549. 

Royalton,  t.,  Cuyahoga  co.,  O.,  126  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus.   Situated  in  the  s.  part  of  the  co.    It  has 

1  store,  cap.  $3,000 ;  15  sch.  454  scholars.    Pop. 
1,051. 

Royalton,  t.,  Lucas  co.,  O.  It  lias  1  brewery. 
Cap.  in  manufac  $6,275.  6  sch.  193  scholars. 
Pop.  401. 

Royalton,  p-v.,  Amanda  t.,  Fairfield  co.,  O., 
40  s.  e.  Columbus,  385  W.    It  contains  1  church, 

2  stores,  about  30  dwellings,  and  180  inhabitants. 
Royalton,  p-t.,  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  198  w.  by 

s.  Detroit,  649  W.    The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to 

frain.  It  has  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,975. 
'op.  146. 

Royalton,  p-v.,  Boone  co.,  la.,  14  n.  w.  In- 
dianapolis, 585  W. 

Royalton  Centre,  p-o.,  Royalton  t.,  Niagara 
co.,  N.  Y.,  271  w.  by  n.  Albany,  396  W. 

Ruark,  p-o.,  Lawrence  co.,  111.,  171  s.  e.  Spring- 
field, 709  W. 

Ruckersville,  p-v.,  Greene  co.,  Va. 

Ruckersville,  p-v.,  Elbert  co.,Ga.,  118  n.  n. 
e.  Milledgeville,  561  W.  Situated  on  Van's  cr., 
and  contains  a  Baptist  church,  an  academy,  6 
stores,  and  several  dwellings. 

Ruckman's,  p-o.,  Mercer  co.,  O.,  119  w.  n.  w. 
Columbus,  499  W. 

Rucklesstown,  p-v.,  Burlington  co.,  N.  J.,  10 
s.  Trenton,  171  W. 

Ruckmansville,  p-o.,  Bath  co.,  Va.,  173  w.  n. 
w.  Richmond,  193  W. 

Ruddle,  t.,  Independence  co.,  Ark.  It  has  8 
stores,  cap.,  $40,000 ;  1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  1 
printing  office,  2  weekly  newspapers,  3  grist  m., 
2  saw7  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,000.  1  acad.  55 
students,  2  sch.  45  scholars.     Pop.  3,669. 

Ruddle's  Mills,  p-o.,  Bourbon  co.,  Ky.,  42 
E.  Frankfort,  513  W. 

Ruggles,  p-t.,  Huron  co.,  O.,  91  n.  by  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 380  W.    Situated  in  the  s.  e.  corner  of 


RUS 


580 


RUS 


the  co.   It  has  2  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,500. 
6  sch.  266  scholars.     Pop.  1,245. 

Rumford,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  52  w.  n.  w. 
Augusta,  614  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  w.  side  of 
Androscoggin  r.,  by  which,  and  its  branches,  it  is 
drained,  and  which  afford  good  water  power. 
The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain.  Incorporated 
in  1800.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $6,200 ;  2  tanneries, 
1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  12  sch.  622  scholars.  Pop. 
1,444. 

Rummerfield  Creek,  p-o.,  Wysox  t,  Brad- 
ford co.,  Pa.,  143  Harrisburg,  253  W.  The  cr. 
rises  in  Orwell  and  flows  into  the  Susquehanna. 

Rumley,  t.,  Harrison  co.,  O.  It  has  7  sch.  242 
scholars.    Pop.  1,039. 

Rumley,  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,  O.,  97  w.  N.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 491  W. 

Rumney,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  47  n.  by  w. 
Concord,  525  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil, 
moderately  fertile.  Drained  by  Baker's  r.  and 
its  branches.  First  settled  in  1765.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $16,000;  3  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  8 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,150.  10  sch.  364 
scholars.    Pop.  1,116. 

Rumney,  p-v.,  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ky.,  82  w.  s. 
w.  Frankfort,  714  W. 

Rupert,  p-t.,  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  94  s.  w. 
Montpelier,  424  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous ; 
soil,  adapted  to  grazing.  Drained  by  Pawlet  r. 
and  a  branch  of  Battenkill,  which  afford  water 
power.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $3,900 ;  9  sch.  346 
scholars.    Pop.  1,086. 

Rural  Hill,  p-o.,  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  16  e. 
Nashville,  668  W. 

Rural  Retreat,  p-o.,  Wythe  co.,  Va.,257  w. 
by  s.  Richmond,  325  W. 

Rural  Valley,  p-o.,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  190 
w.  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  224  W. 

Ruscumb  Manor,  t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.  The  sur- 
face is  very  hilly  ;  soil,  indifferent  in  quality  and 
cultivation.  Maiden  cr.  runs  on  its  n.  and  n.  w. 
border.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,000 ;  2  tanneries, 
1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,900.  Pop. 
1,189. 

Rush,  county,  la.  Situated  toward  the  E. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  410  sq.  ms.  Or- 
ganized in  1821.  The  surface  is  gently  rolling; 
soil,  fertile.  Drained  by  Big  and  Little  Blue  rs., 
and  by  Big  and  Little  Flat  Rock  creeks,  which 
afford  water  power.  Capital,  Rushville.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  15,163,  sheep  29,091, 
swine  48,458;  wheat  99,712  bushels  produced, 
rye  5,375,  Ind.  corn  1,156,707,  oats  224,064,  pota- 
toes 19,039,  tobacco  12,239  pounds,  sugar  414,155; 
38  stores,  cap.  $78,050 ;  4  tanneries,  8  distilleries, 
1  brewery,  18  flouring  m.,  17  grist  m.,  2  printing 
offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$54,956.    48  sch.  1,149  scholars.     Pop.  16,454. 

Rush,  p-t.,  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  s.  Rochester, 
218  w.  by  n.  Albany,  363  W.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating ;  soil,  very  fertile,  producing  large  crops 
of  wheat  and  other  grain.  Drained  by  Honeoye 
cr.,  flowing  into  the  Genesee  r.,  which  bounds  it 
on  the  w.  The  v.  is  situated  on  Honeoye  cr., 
and  contains  1  church,  2  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1 
carding  machine,  1  saw  m.,  30  dwellings,  and 
about  200  inhabitants.  The  t.  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$10,500  ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $5,250.     15  sch.  631  scholars.     Pop.  1,929. 

Rush,  t.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.  Drained  by 
Wyalusing  cr.,  and  Lake  and  Deer  Lick  creeks. 
The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  gravelly  loam.  It  has 
1  store,  cap.  $4,000 ;  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,025.  10  sch.  340  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,039. 

Rush,  t.,  Northumberland  co.,  Pa.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  and  mountainous.    It  has  1  store, 


cap.  $1,000;  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  1  saw  in. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,575.  5  sch.  278  scholars. 
Pop.  1,028. 

Rush,  t.,  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  20  n.  e.  Harris- 
burg. The  surface  is  very  mountainous  ;  soil, 
sterile.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  3  sch.  48 
scholars.     Pop.  247. 

Rush,  p-t.,  Tuscarawas  co.,  O.,  108  E.  n.  e. 
Columbus,  307  W.     It  has  1  store,  cap.  $4,500 ; 

1  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  8  sch.  499 
scholars.     Pop.  1,293. 

Rush,  t.,  Champaign  co.,  O.  Organized  in 
1829.  It  contains  the  villages  of  Woodstock  and 
Louisburg.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $2,500 ;  1  tan- 
nery, 3  saw  m.,  6  sch.  179  scholars.     Pop.  1,226. 

Rush  Creek,  t.,  Fairfield  co.,  O.  It  has  the 
villages  of  Bremen  and  Geneva.     Pop.  2,424. 

Rushford,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y.,  272  w. 
by  s.  Albany,  331  W.  The  surface  is  undulating  ; 
soil,  clay  loam  and  gravelly  mold,  well  adapted 
to  grass.     Drained  by  Cold  cr.     The  v.  contains 

2  churches,  8  stores,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  90 
dwellings,  and  about  700  inhabitants.  There  are 
in  the  t.  8  stores,  cap.  $17,800 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  1  furnace,  3  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  7 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $25,150.  9  sch.  273 
scholars.     Pop.  1,512. 

Rushville,  p-v.,  Ontario  co.,  N.  Y.,  205  w. 
Albany,  331  W.  Situated  on  West  r.,  partly  in 
Gorham  t.,  Ontario  co.,  and  partly  in  Potter  t., 
Yates  co.  It  contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Metho- 
dist church,  an  academy,  8  stores,  2  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.,  2  furnaces,  90  dwellings,  and  about  500 
inhabitants. 

Rushville,  p-v.,  Rush  t.,  Susquehanna  co., 
Pa.,  159  n.  n.  E.  Harrisburg,  269  W. 

Rushville,  p-v.,  Richland  t.,  Fairfield  co ,  O., 
39  s.  E.  Columbus,  366  W.  It  contains  about  40 
dwellings  and  250  inhabitants,  and  several  mills 
in  the  vicinity. 

Rushville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Rush  co.,  la.,  40  e. 
s.  E.  Indianapolis,  538  W.  Situated  on  Big  Flat 
Rock  cr.,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  3 
churches — 1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Presby- 
terian— 4  stores,  80  dwellings,  and  about  500  in- 
habitants.   Pop.  of  t.  2,146. 

Rushville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Schuyler  co.,  111., 
60  Springfield,  838  W.  It  is  situated  at  the  s. 
end  of  a  beautiful  prairie,  and  contains  a  court 
house  of  brick,  2  stories  high,  a  jail,  4  churches — 
1  Presbyterian,  1  Methodist,  1  Episcopal,  and  1 
Campbellite — 150  dwellings,  and  about  1,000  in- 
habitants. 

Rushylvania,  p-o.,  Logan  co.,  O.,  78  n.  w. 
Columbus,  452  W. 

Russell,  county,  Va.    Situated  in  the  s.  w. 

?art  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,370  sq.  miles. 
)rained  by  Clinch  r.,  and  head  branches  of  the 
w.  fork  of  Sandy  r.  The  surface  consists  of 
mountain  ranges  and  valleys,  and  is  much  of  it 
rocky  and  rough.  Capital,  Lebanon.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  14,404,  sheep  15,431, 
swine  26,945  ;  wheat  59,400  bushels  produced, 
rye  7,898,  Ind.  corn  294,253,  buckwheat  558,  oats 
142,377,  potatoes  20,658,  sugar  106,616  lbs. ;  10 
stores,  cap.  $27,800 ;  8  tanneries,  100  distilleries, 
25  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$29,040.  2  sch.  41  scholars.  Pop.  whites  7,152, 
slaves  700,  free  col'd  26  ;  total,  7,878. 

Russell,  county,  Ala.  Situated  in  the  e. 
part  of  the  state,  s.  of  the  middle,  and  contains 
865  sq.  ms.  The  Chattahoochee  r.  runs  on  its  E. 
border,  by  branches  of  which  it  is  drained.  Capi- 
tal, McDonald.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
17,375,  sheep  1,806,  swine  27,201 ;  wheat  11,479 
bushels  produced,  rye  141,  Indian  corn  387,534, 
barley  296,  oats  5,341,  potatoes  37,913,  cotton 


RUS 


581 


RUT 


1,412,719  lbs  ;  13  stores,  cap.  $47.2  >0 ;   12  grist  rn., 

II  saw  m.     Cap.  in  nianufac.  $36,195.     3  acad. 

III  students,  14  sch.  32.")  scholars.     Pop.  whites 
6,844,  slaves  7,266,  free  cold  3;  total,  13,513. 

Russell,  county,  Ky.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  260  sq.  miles. 
Drained  by  Cumberland  r.  and  its  branches, 
Wolf  or.  and  Fisher.  Capital,  Jamestown.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,628,  sheep  3,809, 
swine  11,704;  wheat  8,676  bushels  produced, 
Ind.  com  144,119,  oats2S,300,  potatoes  4,524,  rice 
16,374  pounds,  tobacco  780,505,  cotton  5,773,  su- 
gar 4,469  ;  3  stores,  cap.  $2,850  ;  1  cotton  fac.  168 
sp.,  2  tanneries,  26  distilleries,  8  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $16,780.  2  sch. 
50  scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,828,  slaves  406,  free 
col'd  4  ;  total,  4,238. 

Russell,  p-t.,  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  108  w.  by 
s.  Boston,  372  W.  Watered  by  Westfield  river, 
which  affords  water  power.  Incorporated  in 
1792.  It  contains  a  church,  common  to  Congre- 
gationalists  and  Methodists.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $5,000 ;  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $2,000.    5  sch.  156  scholars.    Pop.  955. 

Russell,  p-t.,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.  Y.,  192  n. 
N.  w.  Albany,  476  W.  The  surface  is  uneven ; 
soil,  sandy  and  clay  loam,  adapted  to  grazing. 
Drained  by  West  Canada  cr.  The  v.  contains  a 
state  arsenal.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $800 ;  1  tan- 
nery, 5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,800.  13 
sch.  371  scholars.     Pop.  1,373. 

Russell,  p-t.,  Geauga  co.,  O.,  154  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 340  W.  It  has  1  fulling  m.,  2  grist  m.,  4 
saw  m.,  9  sch.  250  scholars.     Pop.  742. 

Russell,  t..  Putnam  co.,  la.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $16,000;  1  tannery,  5  distilleries,  1  pottery, 
6  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,200. 
8  sch.  206  scholars.     Pop.  1,503. 

Russellburg,  p-v.,  Pine  Grove  t.,  Warren  co., 
Pa.,  212  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  304  W.  Situated  on 
the  w.  side  of  Conewango  cr. 

Russell  Hill,  p-o.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  160  n. 
E.  Harrisburg,  265  W. 

Russell  Place,  p-o.,  Kershaw  dist.,  S.  C, 
63  n.  e.  Columbia,  474  W. 

Russellville,  p-v.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  65  E.  s. 
E.  Harrisburg,  102  W. 

Russelville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Franklin  co., 
Ala.,  1 1 1  N.  by  w.  Tuscaloosa,  796  W.  Situated 
on  Cedar  cr.  a  branch  of  Bear  cr.,  which  flows 
into  Tennessee  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  and  about  25  dwellings. 

Russellville,  p-v.,  Byrd  t.,  Brown  co.,  O., 
103  s.  s.  w.  Columbus,  459  W. 

Russellville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Logan  co.,Ky., 
172  s.  w.  Frankfort,  696  W.  Situated  between 
Green  and  Cumberland  rivers,  35  miles  from 
each.  It  contains  a  seminary,  denominated  a 
college,  a  court  house,  jail,  2  churches,  and  about 
175  dwellings. 

Russellville,  p-v.,  Putnam  co.,  la.,  50  w 
Indianapolis,  621  W.  It  contains  about  100  in- 
habitants. 

Russellville,  p-v.,  Lawrence  co.,  HI.,  170  s. 
E.  Springfield,  698  W.  Situated  on  Wabash  r., 
in  the  n.  e.  corner  of  the  co. 

Russellville,  p-v.,  Claiborne  par.,  La.,  386 
N.  w.  New  Orleans,  1,256  W. 

Russia,  t.,  Loraine  co.,  O.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $1,500 ;  1  tannery,  1  printing  office,  1  binde- 
ry, 1  semi-weekly  newspaper,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,800.  1  college,  498 
students,  3  sch.  101  scholars.    Pop.  1,302. 

Russia,  p-t.,  Herkimer  co.,  N.  Y.,  16  n.  Herki- 
mer, 93  n.  w.  Albany,  408  W.  The  surface  is 
elevated  and  hilly;  soil,  sandy  loam  and  clay, 
well  adapted  to  grass.    Drained  by  West  Cana- 


dii  cr.  The  v.  contains  1  church,  2  stores,  1  nij{ 
m.,  1  saw  m.,  35  dwellings,  anil  about  200  in- 
habitants. There  are  in  the  t.  8  stores,  cap. 
$18,100;  2  lumber  yards,  3  fulling  m.,  2  cotton 
m.  1,004  sp.,  2  forges,  4  tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  11 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $56,130.  14  sch.  619 
scholars.     Pop.  2,298. 

Rutherford,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  tho 
s.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,025  sq.  ms. 
The  soil  is  various  ;  some  of  it  very  fertile,  and 
some  of  it  thin  and  sterile.  Drained  by  head 
branches  of  Broad  r.  Capital,  Ru'heriordton. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  14,086,  sheep 
17,784,  swine  92,059  ;  wheat  76,663  bushels  pro- 
duced, rye  6,030,  Indian  corn  1,090,388,  barley 
1,000,  oats  57,955,  potatoes  16,599,  tobacco  4,653 
pounds,  cotton  250,325 ;  11  stores,  5  tanneries,  15 
distilleries,  2  flouring  m.,  53  grist  m.,  16  saw.  m., 
2  oil  m.,  1  printing  office.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $800. 
8  sch.  149  scholars.  Pop.  whites  15,875,  slaves 
3,201,  free  col'd  126 ;  total,  19,202. 

Rutherford,  county,  Term.  Situated  near 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  510  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Stone's  r.,  and  numerous  branches 
flowing  into  Cumberland  r.  The  soil  is  very 
fertile.  Capital,  Murfreesboro'.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  25,225,  sheep  35,625,  swine 
81,430;  wheat  147,500  bushels  produced,  rye 
10,000,  Ind.  corn  3,301,000,  oats  222,400,  potatoes 
114,666,  tobacco  1,039,000  lbs.,  cotton  2,620,000, 
sugar  1,200  ;  20  stores,  cap.  $400,000 ;  5  woollen 
fac,  1  cotton  fac.  612  sp.,  12  tanneries,  20  distil- 
leries, 5  flouring  m.,  30  grist  m.,  25  saw-  m.,  2 
printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $201,300.  5  acad.  244  students,  24 
sch.  633  scholars.  Pop.  whites  15,012,  slaves 
9,072,  free  col'd  166;  total,  24,280. 

Rutherfordton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Rutherford 
co.,  N.  C,  216  w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  453  W.  Situ- 
ated on  a  branch  of  Broad  r.,  and  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  and  an  academy,  and  about  300 
inhabitants. 

Ruther  Glen,  p-o.,  Caroline  co.,  Va.,  37  n. 
Richmond,  97  W. 

Rutland,  county,  Vt.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  958  square  ms. 
Drained  by  Otter  cr.,  Black,  White,  Queechee, 
and  Pawlet  rivers.  The  surface  is  in  the  e.  parts 
mountainous,  adapted  to  grazing,  but  it  has  much 
good  land  on  Otter  cr.  Many  fine  cattle  and 
sheep  are  raised.  Iron  ore  and  marble  are  ex- 
tensively found.  Capital,  Rutland.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  40,023,  sheep  271,727,  swine 
15,563;  wheat  40,116  bushels  produced,  rye 
3-1,013,  Ind.  corn  154,792,  buckwheat  10,850,  bar- 
ley 853,  oats  154,119,  potatoes  642,108,  silk  co- 
coons 1,990  pounds,  sugar  396,804;  77  stores, 
cap.  $186,675;  11  furnaces,  5  forges,  11  fulling 
m.,  8  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac  1,076  sp.,  27  tan- 
neries, 1  flouring  m.,  20  grist  m.,  103  saw  m.,  2  oil 
m.,  1  paper  fac,  2  printing  offices,  1  weekly  news- 
paper. Cap.  in  manufac.  $292,900.  3  acad.  382 
students,  249  sch.  10,330  scholars.  Pop.  30,699. 
Rutland,  p-t.,  capital  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  62 
s.  w.  Montpeher,  456  W.  The  surface  is  un- 
even; soil,  various,  from  a  strong  loam  to  a 
light  sand,  but  generally  fertile.  Drained  by 
Otter  cr.  and  its  branches,  which  afford  water 
power,  and  by  a  branch  of  Castleton  r.  The 
principal  v.  has  an  elevated  situation,  and  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  a  bank,  1  Congregational 
and  1  Episcopal  church,  12  stores,  a  printing 
office  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper,  and  about  100 
dwellings,  many  of  them  handsome.  In  the  w. 
part  of  the  t.  is  another  v.,  containing  a  Congre- 
gational church  and  about  30  dwellings.  The 
Baptists  and  Methodists  also  have   churches. 


SAC 


582 


SAC 


Chartered  in  1761.  There  are  in  the  1. 11  stores, 
cap.  $'28,700 ;  1  tannery,  1  printing  office,  1 
bindery,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $23,430.     16  sch.  963  scholars.     Pop.  2,703. 

Rutland,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  55  w.  by 
N.  Boston,  412  W.  The  surface  is  elevated  and 
uneven ;  soil,  fertile,  adapted  to  grazing.  Wa- 
tered by  a  branch  of  Ware  r.,  which  affords  wa- 
ter power.  Incorporated  in  1722.  The  central 
v.  contains  a  handsome  Congregational  church,  a 
town  house,  and  several  handsome  dwellings. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,000.  1  acad.  40  students.  13 
sch.  712  scholars.     Pop.  1,260. 

Rutland,  p-t.,  Jefferson  co.,  N.  Y.,  153  n.  w. 
Albany.  The  surface  is  undulating \  soil,  a  fer- 
tile loam.  Drained  by  Sandy  cr.  and  Black  r. 
The  remains  of  Indian  fortifications  are  found 
here.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $4,000  ;  2  fulling  m., 
3  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $26,300.     11  sch.  253  scholars.     Pop.  2,090. 

Rutland,  p-t.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  151  n.  Harris- 
burg,  261  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  gravel- 
ly loam.  It  has  1  store,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,100.  1  sch.  60 
scholars.    Pop.  692. 

Rutland,  p-t.,  Meigs  co.,  O.,  92  s.  K.  Colum- 
bus, 347  W.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $3,250  ;  2  tan- 
neries, 1  distillery,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $7,625.  11  sch.  280  scholars.  Pop. 
1,410. 

Rutledge,  v.,  Conewango  t.,  Cattaraugus  co., 
N.  Y.  Situated  on  the  line  of  the  New  York 
and  Erie  railroad,  and  contains  1  Presbyterian 
church,  3  stores,  1  saw  m.,  40  dwellings,  and 
about  250  inhabitants. 

Rutledge,  p-v.,  capital  of  Granger  co.,  Tenn., 
216  e.  Nashville,  466  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  and  about  75  inhabitants. 

Ryal's,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Ga.,  123  s.  e. 
Milledgeville,  734  W. 

Rye,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.,  61  s.  Ports- 
mouth, 42  s.  e.  Concord,  479  W.  The  Atlantic 
ocean  bounds  it  on  the  s.  e.,  for  the  distance  of 


6  miles.  The  surface  has  considerable  sandy 
beach  and  salt  meadow,  which  yields  large  quan- 
tities of  grass.  It  has  a  harbor  which  admits 
small  vessels,  and  from  which  the  fisheries  are 
carried  on.  Chartered  in  1719.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $1,100;  5  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1  acad.  25 
students,  4  sch.  420  scholars.     Pop.  1,205. 

Ryk,  p-t.,  Westchester  co.,  N.  Y.,  27  e.  n.  e. 
New  York,  146  s.  Albany,  251  W.  The  surface 
is  uneven  and  stony  ;  soil,  clay  loam.  Drained 
by  Byram  r.  and  other  small  streams  flowing 
into  Long  Island  sound.  The  v.,  situated  1  m. 
N.  of  the  sound,  contains  3  churches — 1  Presby- 
terian, 1  Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist — an  acade- 
my, 3  stores,  35  dwellings,  and  about  200  in- 
habitants. There  are  in  the  t.  3  acad.  54  stu- 
dents, 6  sch.  193  scholars.     Pop.  1,803. 

Ryegate,  p-t.,  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  43  e.  by  s. 
Montpelier,  529  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Connecticut  r.  Watered  by  Wells  r.,  which 
affords  water  power.  The  surface  is  uneven; 
soil,  fertile,  adapted  chiefly  to  grazing,  but  pro- 
ducing grain.  There  are  several  ponds  which 
discharge  their  waters  into  Connecticut  river. 
At  Canoe  falls,  in  Connecticut  r.,  against  the  mid- 
dle of  the  t.,  is  a  dam  across  the  r.,  which  affords 
extensive  water  power.  Chartered  in  1763. 
First  settled  in  1774,  by  emigrants  from  Scot- 
land, from  whom  most  of  the  inhabitants  have 
descended.  It  contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1 
Associate  Reformed  church.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$3,000 ;  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $7,200.  9  sch.  459  scholars.  Pop. 
1,223. 

Ryerson's  Station,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Pa., 
231  w.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  247  W. 

Rye,  t.,  Perry  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  4  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,235.  4  sch.  139  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  451. 

Rye  Valley,  p-o.,  Smyth  co.,  Va.,  280  w.  by 
s.  Richmond,  346  W. 

Rye  Ridge,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  Tenn.,  168  e. 
Nashville,  536  W 


Sab  at  us,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  35  s.  Augusta, 
578  W. 

Sabillesville,  p-v.,  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  95  n. 
w.  Annapolis,  66  W. 

Sabina,  p-v.,  Richland  t.,  Clinton  co.,  O.,  62  s. 
w.  Columbus,  435  W.  It  contains  2  stores,  and 
a  number  of  dwellings. 

Sabine,  r.,  La.  and  Texas,  rises  in  Texas  in 
lat.  32°  30'  n.,  and  flows  southwardly  and  enters 
La.  in  its  w.  part,  in  Caddo  par.,  and  thence  forms 
the  boundary  between  the  United  States  and 
Texas.  It  is  300  ms.  long,  and,  in  low  stages  of 
the  water,  it  has  but  4  feet  of  water  on  the  bar  at 
its  mouth.  It  enters  and  passes  through  Sabine 
lake,  30  ms.  long,  and  from  1  to  7  or  8  ms.  wide, 
before  it  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico ;  but  in  leav- 
ing the  lake,  it  contracts  to  a  width  but  little 
greater  than  it  had  when  it  entered  it.  Its  course, 
in  its  lower  part,  is  through  an  extended  and 
sterile  prairie.  It  waters  the  most  hilly  parts  of 
the  state,  further  up,  and  among  those  hills  are 
frequent  streams  and  some  lakes  and  ponds,  and 
oftentimes  small  strips  of  good  second  rate  land. 
It  derives  its  chief  importance  from  being  the 
boundary  between  the  United  States  and  Texas. 

Sable  or  Au  Sable,  r.  (See  Ausable  rivers, 
Great  and  Little.) 

Sacandaga,  r.,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Hamilton  co., 
having  its  source  in  Oseco,  Round,  and  Pleasant 
lakes,  and  some  smaller  lakes.  Flowing  in  a  wind- 


ing easterly  direction,  it  empties  into  Hudson  r., 
in  Hadley  t.,  Saratoga  co.,  opposite  Luzerne  v. 

Sacarappa,  p-v.,  Westbrook  t.,  Cumberland 
co.,  Me.,  4  n.  Portland,  56  s.  w.  Augusta,  545  W. 
Situated  on  Presumpscot  r.,  which  here  affords 
extensive  water  power.  It  contains  numerous 
saw  and  other  mills. 

Sachem's  Head,  v.,  Guilford  t.,  New  Haven 
co.,  Ct.,  3i  s.  w.  of  Guilford  borough.  It  is  a 
noted  watering  place  on  Long  Island  sound. 

Sachem,  Grand,  Mt.,  N.  Y.,  called  also  New 
Beacon  mt.,  half  a  mile  s.  of  the  highest  point  of 
the  Highlands,  and  is  1,685  feet  above  tidewater 
in  the  Hudson.  Its  summit  presents  a  grand 
and  beautiful  prospect. 

Sackett's,  p-o.,  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  24  n.  by 
e.  Detroit,  548  W. 

Sacketts  Harbor,  p-v.,  Houndsfield  t.,  Jef- 
ferson co.,  N.  Y.,  174  n.  w.  Albany,  415  W.  Sit- 
uated on  Black  River  bay,  near  the  foot  of  Lake 
Ontario,  12  ms.  from  the  lake.  It  is  one  of  the 
most  secure  and  best  harbors  on  the  lake,  and 
was  a  great  naval  station  during  the  last  war 
with  Great  Britain.  Incorporated  in  1814,  and 
contains  3  churches— 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episco- 
pal, and  1  Methodist—a  banking  house,  24  stores, 
4  forwarding  houses,  a  ship  yard,  and  rope  walk, 
3  saw  m.,  2  furnaces,  1  machine  shop,  1  plaster 
m.,  1  tannery,  300  dwellings,  and  about  2,000  in- 
habitants. Here  are  the  Madison  Barracks,  erect- 


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ed  by  the  United  States  in  1814.  A  great  water 
power  is  created  here  by  a  canal  brought  from 
the  Black  r.,  near  Watertown,  a  distance  of  12 
ms.     Tonnage  in  1840,  3,637. 

Saco,  r.,  N.  H.  and  Me.,  rises  in  the  White 
mountains,  N.  H.,  within  a  few  rods  of  the 
source  of  Ammonoosuc  r.,  flowing  vv.  to  Con- 
necticut r.,  and  flows  E.  through  the  celebrated 
Notch,  with  a  rapid  and  foaming  current,  and 
frequent  cascades.  It  enters  Maine  in  Fry- 
burg,  and  pursues  a  winding  course,  in  a  s.  E. 
direction,  until  it  enters  the  Atlantic,  between 
Saco  and  Biddeford.  It  has  4  principal  falls  in 
Maine  of  70,  20,  30,  and  42  feet  respectively, 
which  afford  in  the  aggregate  an  immense  water 
power.  Pine  timber  is  found  extensively  on  its 
banks,  furnishing  supplies  for  numerous  saw  mills. 

Saco,  p-t.,  and  port  of  entry,  York  co.,  Me.,  15 
s.  w.  Portland,  65  s.  s.  w.  Augusta,  100  n.  n.  e. 
Boston,  530  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  side  of  Saco 
r.  It  has  fine  interval  land  on  the  r.  Watered 
by  5  small  streams  flowing  from  a  fen  or  bog. 
The  v.  is  situated  at  the  falls,  6  miles  from  the 
mouth  of  the  r.,  where  is  a  descent  of  42  feet, 
creating  a  great  water  power,  and  presenting  an 
interesting  and  beautiful  view.  The  v.  contains 
an  elegant  Congregational  church,  a  bank,  an 
academy,  numerous  mills,  many  handsome  dwell- 
ings, and  has  considerable  navigation  and  trade, 
particularly  in  lumber.  Just  below  the  falls  is  a 
fine  basin,  where  vessels  take  in  their  cargoes. 
On  the  shore  is  a  fine  beach,  4  ms.  long,  with  a 
beautiful  view  of  the  ocean,  which  affords  a 
pleasant  drive  in  warm  weather.  There  are  in 
the  t.  38  stores,  cap.  $68,050 ;  3  cotton  fac.  17,760 
sp.,  3  tanneries,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
newspapers,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $1,020,932.  5  acad.  246  students,  21  sch. 
800  scholars.  Pop.  4,408.  Tonnage  in  1840,  3,358. 

Saddle,  r.,  N.  J.,  rises  in  N.  x.,  a  few  miles 
above  its  s.  boundary,  and  flows  18  ms.  to  its  en- 
trance into  Passaic  r.,  about  1  m.  above  Acquack- 
anock.  It  has  a  rapid  course,  and  affords  exten- 
sive water  power. 

Saddle  River,  t,  Bergen  co.,  N.  J.,  8  n.  w. 
Hackensacktown.  It  has  Saddle  r.  on  its  E.  and 
Passaic  r.  on  its  s.  boundary.  It  is  mountainous 
in  some  parts,  but  level  on  the  e.,  between  Pas- 
saic and  Saddle  rivers.  The  soil  is  red  shale  and 
loam,  fertile  in  the  valleys,  and  well  cultivated. 
Watered  by  Singac,  Preakness,  Krokaevall,  Gof- 
fle,  and  Ackerman's  brooks.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$650  ;  1  distillery,  4  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  3  sch.  86 
scholars.     Pop.  828. 

Saddleback,  mt.,  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  a  few  ms. 
northwest  of  Phillips  t.,  and  is  4,000  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea. 

Sadsbury,  p-t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  37  n.  w.  Phil- 
adelphia, 59  e.  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  129  W.  Post- 
office  called  Sadbury  ville.  The  surface  is  hilly ; 
soil,  gravelly.  Drained  by  Octarara  cr.  on  the 
w.,  and  Back  run  and  the  w.  branch  of  Brandy- 
wine  r.  on  the  e.  Sadsburyville  v.  contains  1 
store,  and  12  or  15  dwellings.  There  are  in  the 
t.  10  stores,  cap.  $23,250 ;  2  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$4,000 ;  3  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  2  cotton  fac. 
2,217  sp.,  1  furnace,  2  forges,  2  tanneries,  1  flour- 
ing m.,  5  grist  m.,  4  saw  ra.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$48,090.    8  sch.  320  scholars.    Pop.  2,292. 

Sadsbury,  t.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  16  s.  w. 
Lancaster.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  rolling ;  soil, 
calcareous  loam  and  clay.  Octarara  cr.  flows  on 
its  E.  boundary,  and  affords  water  power.  It 
has  3  stores,  cap.  $10,500  ;  3  forges,  4  tanneries, 
5  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$17,500.    8  sch.  250  scholars.     Pop.  2,093. 

Sadsbury,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.  It  has  9  stores, 


cap.  $25,300;  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  3  grist  m., 
2  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,900.     Pop.  2,441. 

S&KGUurriLLK,  no.,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  91  e.  n. 
e.  Harrisburg,  184  W. 

Safe  Harbor,  p-o.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa. 

S afford,  p-o.,  Perry  co.,  la.,  134  s.  Indian- 
apolis, 653  W. 

Sagerstown,  p-o.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  240  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  313  W. 

Sage's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  la.,  83  s.  In- 
dianapolis, 600  W. 

Sagg  Harbor,  p-v.,  and  port  of  entry,  Kast 
and  Southampton  t.,  Suffolk  co.,  N.  Y.,  11<>  i:. 
New  York,  260  s.  s.  e.  Albany,  340  W.  Situ- 
ated on  a  bay  of  the  same  name,  between  Gard- 
ner's and  Great  Peconic  bays.  Incorporated  in 
1803.  It  contains  4  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1 
Methodist,  1  Roman  Catholic,  and  1  African — 35 
stores,  1  grist  m.,  2  wind  m.  a  dry  dock,  500 
dwellings,  and  about  3,500  inhabitants.  There 
are  41  ships  employed  in  the  whaling  business, 
and  6  or  8  sloops  in  the  coasting  trade.  Salt  is 
made  to  a  considerable  amount  by  the  evapora- 
tion of  sea  water.    Tonnage,  1840,  20,405. 

Sagg  Village,  v.,  Southampton  t.,  Suffolk  co., 
N.  Y.,  6  s.  Sagg  Harbor.  Situated  near  the 
ocean,  and  contains  a  Methodist  church,  and 
about  25  dwellings. 

Saginaw,  bay,  Mich.,  a  branch  of  Lake  Hu- 
ron, 60  ms.  long,  and  30  wide,  containing  a  num- 
ber of  islands,  the  largest  of  which  is  Shawangunk 
island,  near  the  centre.  It  is  navigable  for  ves- 
sels of  any  burden,  and  numerous  coves,  pro- 
tected by  islands,  afford  some  of  the  best  harbors 
on  the  lake.    It  receives  Saginaw  r. 

Saginaw,  r.,  Mich.,  is  one  of  the  largest  rivers 
in  the  Peninsula.  It  is  formed  by  the  union  of 
Cass  r.  from  the  e.,  Flint  and  Shiawassee  from 
the  s.,  and  Tittibawassee  from  the  n.  w.  The 
length  of  the  Saginaw  from  Flint  r.,  where  it 
commences,  is  25  ms.,  in  a  direct  line  to  its 
mouth,  but  some  of  its  branches  have  four  times 
that  length.  Its  course  is  n.  e.  to  its  entrance 
into  Saginaw  bay.  It  has  a  depth  of  from  25  to 
30  feet,  but  a  sand  bar  at  its  mouth  has  not  ordi- 
narily a  depth  of  water  upon  it  of  more  than  5  or 
6  feet,  though  an  e.  wind  frequently  raises  it  3 
feet  above  its  usual  level. 

Saginaw,  county,  Mich.  Situated  toward  the 
n.  e.  part  of  the  settled  portion  of  the  Peninsula, 
and  contains  1,031  sq.  ms.  Drained  by  Saginaw 
r.  and  its  tributaries.  Saginaw  bay  lies  on  its  n. 
e.  border.  The  surface  is  level  or  undulating ; 
soil,  a  dark,  rich,  sandy  loam,  from  18  to  24  inches 
deep,  on  a  substratum  of  clay.  Pine  timber  cov- 
ers one  third  of  the  co.,  on  the  e.  and  s.  e.  In 
the  n.  w.  part,  on  the  bay,  limestone  and  gyp- 
sum are  found.  Capital,  Saginaw.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  1,066,  swine  1,462 ;  wheat 
4,125  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  9,837,  oats  2,841, 
potatoes  16,929,  sugar  12,229;  5  stores,  cap. 
$20,500 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $43,100.    Pop.  892. 

Saginaw,  p-t.,  and  capital  of  Saginaw  co., 
Mich.,  97  n.  by  w.  Detroit,  621  W.  The  y.  is 
situated  on  the  w.  bank  of  Saginaw  r.,  23  miles 
from  its  mouth.  The  ground  is  elevated  about 
30  feet  above  the  level  of  the  r.  It  contains  a 
U.  S.  land  office,  a  deputy  collector's  office,  a 
court  house,  3  stores,  2  warehouses,  and  2  steam 
saw  m.  A  steamboat  and  several  vessels  be- 
long to  the  place.  It  has  great  natural  advan- 
tages, and  is  likely  to  become  a  place  of  import- 
ance. There  are  in  the  t.  5  stores,  cap.  $20,500  ; 
1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $42,200.    Pop.  837. 

Sail  Creek,  p-o.,  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn. 


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Sailor's  Rest,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Term., 
60  n.  w.  Nashville,  714  W. 

Saint  Albans,  p-t.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  50  n. 
n.  e.  Augusta,  645  W .  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapt- 
ed to  grain.  Drained  by  a  branch  of  Sebasticook 
r.,  issuing  from  a  pond,  which  affords  water  pow- 
er. Incorporated  in  1813.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$10,500 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $23,075.  1  acad.  50  stu- 
dents, 13  sch.  651  scholars.     Pop.  1,564. 

Saint  Albans,  p-t.,  capital  of  Franklin  co., 
Vt.,  26  n.  Burlington,  63  n.  w.  by  n.  Montpelier, 
537  W.  It  is  bounded  w.  by  Lake  Champlain. 
The  surface  is  moderately  uneven ;  soil,  a  fertile 
loam,  and  well  cultivated.  The  v.  is  situated  3 
ms.  e.  of  the  lake,  on  elevated  ground,  and  con- 
tains a  court  house  and  jail,  on  a  handsome  pub- 
lic square,  30  by  25  rods,  3  churches— 1  Congre- 
gational, 1  Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist—  a  bank, 
an  academy,  a  printing  office,  issuing  a  weekly 
newspaper,  and  about  100  dwellings,  many  of 
them  neat.  It  has  a  good  landing  place  on  St. 
Albans  bay,  with  a  wharf  and  several  store- 
houses. The  business  of  the  place  is  extensive, 
with  a  fertile  back  country.  There  are  in  the  t. 
20  stores,  cap.  $80,000 ;  2  tanneries,  2  printing 
offices,  2  binderies,  2  weekly  newspapers,  4  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $20,500.  1  acad.  80  stu- 
dents, 14  sch.  315  scholars.    Pop.  2,702. 

Saint  Albans,  t.,  Licking  co.,  O.,  12  w.  New- 
ark. Situated  on  Racoon  fork  of  Licking  r.  It 
contains  the  p-v.  of  Alexandria.    Pop.  1,315. 

Saint  Albans,  p-v.,  Hancock  co.,  111.,  99  w. 
N.  w.  Springfield,  877  W. 

Saint  Andrews,  p-o.,  Montgomery  t.,  Orange 
co.,  N.  Y.,  94  s.  by  w.  Albany,  296  W. 

Saint  Andrews,  bay  and  sound,  situated  on 
the  s.  coast  of  Florida.  Its  arms  extend  30  miles 
into  the  country.  It  is  easy  of  access,  and  has  18 
feet  of  water  on  the  bar,  and  good  anchorage 
within,  sheltered  from  all  winds.  The  mam 
body  of  the  bay  extends  12  ms.  N.,  with  an  aver 
age  breadth  of  from  2  to  5  ms.  One  mile  from 
the  sea  beach,  an  arm  extends  20  miles  parallel 
with  the  coast.  Ten  miles  from  the  sea  another 
arm  extends  e.  for  30  ms.,  from  1  to  10  ms.  wide 
The  bay  has  some  fertile  settlements  on  its  bor- 
ders. 

Saint  Augustine,  p-v.,  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  89  n. 
e.  Annapolis,  101  W. 

Saint  Augustine,  city,  port  of  entry,  and 
capital  of  St.  Johns  co.,  Flor.,  200  e.  by  s.  Talla- 
hassee, 880  W.  It  is  situated  2  miles  back  from 
the  Atlantic  shore,  on  the  s.  point  of  a  peninsula 
connected  with  the  main  land  by  a  narrow  isth 
mus,  protected  from  the  swell  of  the  ocean  by 
Anastasia  island,  not  sufficiently  high  to  obstruct 
the  sea  breezes  or  a  view  of  the  ocean.  The  site 
of  the  city,  though  scarcely  12  feet  higher  than 
the  level  of  the  ocean,  is  healthy  and  pleasant, 
which  makes  it  a  favorite  resort  of  invalids  from 
the  N.  Snow  is  almost  unknown,  and  frost  is 
felt  only  one  or  two  months  in  the  year,  and  in 
some  seasons  it  is  not  perceived  at  all.  In  the 
summer  the  sea  breezes  temper  the  heat,  and  the 
land  breezes  render  the  evenings  cool  and  pleas- 
ant. It  is  in  the  form  of  a  parallelogram,  fronting 
E.  on  Matanzas  sound,  forming  a  harbor  sufficient 
to  contain  a  large  fleet  in  safety.  A  bar  at  the 
mouth  of  the  harbor  has  not  more  than  9  feet  of 
water  at  low  tide,  within  which  it  is  18  or  20  feet. 
The  city  is  one  mile  long,  and  three  fourths  of  a 
mile  wide.  The  principal  streets  cross  each 
other  at  right  angles,  and  are  narrow,  and  some 
of  the  streets  are  very  crooked.  The  houses  are 
generally  built  of  stone,  two  stories  high.  A  fine 
large  square  opens  from  the  Matanzas  into  the  e. 


part  of  the  place,  on  the  w.  side  of  which  stands 
the  court  house,  which  contains  the  public  offices. 
On  the  n.  side  stands  a  splendid  Roman  Catholic 
church.  On  the  s.  side  is  Trinity  church,  a  neat 
Gothic  structure.  In  front  of  the  harbor  is  a  neat 
market  place,  and  the  intervals  around  the  square 
are  filled  up  with  dwelling  houses  and  orange 
groves.  Fort  Marion  stands  at  the  N.  end  of  the 
town,  and  completely  commands  the  harbor. 
The  city  contains  4  churches— 1  Roman  Catholic, 

1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist — a 
U.  S.  land  office,  20  stores  and  groceries,  various 
mechanic  shops,  500 dwellings,  and  2,459  inhab- 
itants. In  the  s.  partof  the  t.,  fronting  the  Ma- 
tanzas, are  extensive  barracks.  A  regular  packet 
runs  to  Charleston. 

Saint  Augustine,  p-v.,  Fulton  co.,  111.,  85  n. 
n.  w.  Springfield,  831  W. 

Saint  Bernard,  parish,  La.  Situated  in  the 
s.  E.  part  of  the  state,  directly  s.  E.  of  New  Or- 
leans, and  contains  150  square  ms.  It  has  Lake 
Borgne  on  the  n.  e.,  and,  for  some  distance  be- 
low New  Orleans,  includes  both  banks  of  the 
Mississippi.  The  Gulf  of  Mexico  bounds  it  on 
the  E.  The  surface  is  level,  and  the  soil,  where 
not  too  wet  for  cultivation,  is  very  fertile,  pro- 
ducing sugar,  rice,  and  cotton.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  1,862,  sheep  1,154,  swine  389  ; 
Ind.  corn  65,150  bush,  produced,  potatoes  24,185, 
rice  31,600  pounds,  sugar  4,308,000 ;  9  stores,  cap. 
$8,300 ;  1  distillery,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$385,000.  1  college,  21  students.  Pop.  whites 
1,035,  slaves  2,137,  free  col'd  65  ;  total,  3,237. 

Saint  Catharines,  island,  Liberty  co.,  Ga., 
lies  between  St.  Catharine's  sound,  on  the  n., 
and  Sapels  sound,  on  the  s.,  and  is  10  miles  long 
and  5  broad.    It  lies  off  the  mouth  of  Newport  r. 

Saint  Charles,  parish,  La.  Situated  in  the 
s.  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  512  sq.  miles. 
The  Mississippi  r.  passes  through  it,  and  Lake 
Barataria  lies  in  its  s.  part.  Lake  Pontchartrain 
bounds  it  on  the  n.  e.  It  has  Lake  Allemande  on 
the  w.,  and  Lake  Washa  on  the  s.  Bayou  des 
Allemandes  washes  its  s.  K.  border.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,075,  sheep  3,223,  swine 
1,000;  Indian  corn  207,000  bush,  produced,  oats 
1,500,  potatoes  1,500,  rice  800,000  pounds,  sugar 
10,000,000 ;  2  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $60,000. 

2  sch.  23  scholars.  Pop.  whites  874,  slaves  3,722, 
free  col'd  104 ;  total,  4,700. 

Saint  Charles,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the 
e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  470  square  ms. 
The  Mississippi  r.  bounds  it  on  the  N.  E.,  and  the 
Missouri  r.  on  the  s.  e.  Cuivre  r.  runs  on  its  n. 
boundary.  The  surface  is  various  ;  the  level 
bottoms  and  prairies  are  very  fertile.  Iron  ore 
and  stone  coal  are  found.  Capital,  St.  Charles. 
There  were  in  1810,  neat  cattle  947,  sheep  4,606, 
swine  19,324  ;  wheat  54,144  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  271,251,  barley  5,620,  oats  48,705,  potatoes 
25,853,  tobacco  301,688  pounds ;  23  stores,  cap. 
$158,100;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $2,000;  6  tanner- 
ies, 7  distilleries,  1  flouring  m.,  15  grist  m.,  7  saw 
m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $80,080.  1  college,  104  students,  2 
acad.  57  students,  13  schools  321  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  6,286,  slaves  1,597,  free  col'd  28 ;  total, 
7,911. 

Saint  Charles,  p-o.,  Kane  co.,  111.,  189  n.  n. 
e.  Springfield,  760  W. 

Saint  Charles,  p-v.,  capital  of  St.  Charles  co., 
Mo.,  20  n.  w.  St.  Louis,  110  e.  Jefferson  City,  828 
W.  It  has  an  elevated  and  handsome  situation,  on 
the  N.  bank  of  the  Missouri  r.,  and  is  the  first  eleva- 
ted land  on  the  r.  above  its  mouth.  The  shore  is 
here  rocky,  and  the  alluvial  land  commences  at 
the  lower  end  of  the  town.    It  has  5  streets  par- 


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allel  with  the  r.,  and  is  about  It  mile  long.  It 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  of  stone,  market 
house,  of  brick,  3  churches— 1  Roman  Catholic, 
1  Methodist,  and  1  Presbyterian—  a  nunnery,  10 
stores,  2  steam  mills  1J0  dwellings,  and  1,457  in- 
habitants. St.  Charles  College,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  iMethodists,  is  located  here.  It  was 
founded  in  183J,  has  a  president  and  3  professors, 
and  about  101  students.  There  is  a  ferry  across 
the  Missouri  r.,  aud  it  constitutes  the  great  cross- 
ing place  between  St.  Louis  and  the  N.  and  w. 
parts  of  the  state.  There  are  in  the  t.  1  college, 
104  students,  2  acad.  57  students.     Pop.  2,818. 

Saint  Clair,  lake,  Mich.,  is  situated  between 
Lake  Huron  and  Lake  Erie,  and  is  24  ins.  long, 
30  wide,  00  in  circumference,  and  20  feet  deep. 
Its  banks  are  alluvial,  elevated  20  feet  above  the 
water,  and  have  a  slightly  uneven  surface.  It 
receives  Clinton  r.,  from  Mich.,  and  the  Thames 
and  others,  from  Canada. 

Saint  Clair,  r.,  or  strait,  Mich.,  connects 
Lake  Huron  with  Lake  St.  Clair,  and  discharges 
the  waters  of  the  great  upper  lakes,  Superior, 
Michigan,  and  Huron.  It  flows  in  a  southerly 
direction,  and  enters  Lake  St.  Clair  in  its  n.  e. 

Sart,  by  6  channels,  the  n.  one  of  which,  on  the 
lichigan  side,  is  the  only  one  navigated  in  as- 
cending and  descending  the  r.  It  has  few  isl- 
ands, excepting  those  formed  by  its  outlets.  It 
receives  several  tributaries  from  Mich.,  the  prin- 
cipal of  which  are  Black  r.,  Pine  r.,  and  Belle  r. ; 
but  no  rivers  flow  into  it  on  the  e.  side.  It  has 
several  flourishing  villages  on  its  banks.  It  is  40 
ms.  long,  half  a  mile  wide,  and  on  an  average  50 
feet  deep,  with  a  current  of  3  ms.  an  hour,  and 
an  entire  descent  of  about  13  feet.  Its  waters 
are  clear  and  transparent,  the  navigation  easy, 
and  the  scenery  various  and  beautiful. 

Saint  Clair,  county,  Ala.  Situated  toward 
the  n.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  810  sq. 
ms.  The  Coosa  r.  flows  on  its  e.  and  s.  e.  bor- 
der. Wills  cr.  bounds  it  on  the  N.  e.  Drained  by 
Canoe,  Shoal,  and  Broken  Arrow  creeks.  Capi- 
tal, Asheville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
7,205,  sheep  2,240,  swine  1,972;  wheat  21,370 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  256,635,  oats  21,000, 
potatoes  2,190,  cotton  362,221;  6  stores,  capital 
$31,770;  4  tanneries,  11  distilleries,  1  flouring  m., 
8  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $670. 
19  sch.  398  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,505,  slaves 
125,  free  col'd  8;  total,  5,633. 

Saint  Clair,  county,  Mich.  Situated  in  the 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  930  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  undulating  ;  soil,  fertile.  St. 
Clair  strait  bounds  it  on  the  E.  Watered  by 
Black,  Pine,  and  Belle  rivers.  Capital,  St.  Clair. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,101,  sheep 
1,075,  swine  3,029  ;  wheat  10,836  bush,  produced, 
Ind.  corn  11,443,  buckwheat  1,230,  oats  12,641, 
potatoes  40,657 ;  16  stores,  cap.  $26,500  ;  3  lumber 
yards,  cap.  $9,000;  6  tanneries,  1  flouring  m.,  4 
grist  m.,  15  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $119,000.  13  sch. 
228  scholars.     Pop.  4,606. 

Saint  Clair,  county,  111.  Situated  toward 
the  s.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  648  sq. 
ms.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  some  of  it 
broken;  soil,  various,  some  of  it  very  fertile. 
The  Mississippi  r.  bounds  it  on  the  w.  Drained 
by  Kaskaskia  r.  and  its  tributaries,  and  by  Caho- 
kia  and  Prairie  du  Pont  creeks.  Capital,  Belle- 
ville. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  23,954, 
sheep  9,733,  swine  34,255;  wheat  146,524  bush, 
produced,  rye  1,539,  Ind.  corn  630,025,  barley 
12,367,  oats  102,872,  potatoes  24,134,  tobacco 
976  pounds;  2  commercial  and  1  commission 
house,  cap.  $70,500 ;  36  stores,  cap.  $77,000 ;  1 
74 


woollen  fee.,  2  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  3  flouring 
m.,  11  grist  m.,  14  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  printing 
office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
(122,750.  1  college  12".  students.  2  acad.  91  stu- 
dents,  16  seh.  505  scholars.      Pop.   13,031. 

Saint  Clair,  county,  3Io.  Situated  toward 
the  s.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  82N  sq. 
ms.  Watered  by  Osage  r.  and  its  branches. 
Capital,  Osceola. 

Saint  Clair,  p-t.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  113  w. 
1  larrisburg,  139  W.  The  surface  consists  of  hills 
and  valleys  ;  soil,  clay  and  loam.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $3,000;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  distillery, 

1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  ED.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,640. 

2  sch.  73  scholars.     Pop.  1.488. 

Saint  Clair,  p-v.,  Burke  co.,  Ga.,  68  E.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  619  W. 

Saint  Clair,  p-t.,  capital  of  St.  Clair  co., 
Mich.,  48  n.  E.  Detroit,  572  W.  Bounded  e.  by 
St.  Clair  strait.  Watered  by  St.  Clair  and  Pine 
rivers.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain.  The 
v.  is  situated  on  the  s.  side  of  Pine  r.,  at  its  en- 
trance into  St.  Clair  strait,  on  the  site  of  old  fort 
St.  Clair.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and  a 
number  of  stores  and  dwellings.  There  are  in 
the  t.  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $19,500;  2  sch.  40  scholars.     Pop.  413. 

Saint  Clair,  t.,  Butler  co.,  O.  Situated  on 
the  w.  side  of  Great  Miami  r.  It  contains  the  v. 
of  Bossville,  on  the  r.,  directly  opposite  to  Hamil- 
ton.    It  has  2  sch.  41  scholars.     Pop.  1,174. 

Saint  Clair,  t.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.,  11  s.  E. 
New  Lisbon.  Watered  by  Little  Beaver  r.  It 
contains  several  villages.  The  Sandy  and  Bea- 
ver canal  passes  through  it.  It  has  2  sch.  51 
scholars.     Pop.  1,739. 

Saint  Clairsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Belmont 
co.,  O.,  116  e.  Columbus,  277  W.  Situated  on 
the  national  road.  The  situation  is  elevated  and 
commanding.  It  contains  a  brick  court  house,  a 
jail,  county  offices,  6  churches — 1  Presbyterian, 
1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist,  2  Friends,  1  Unionist, — 
a  market  house,  a  bank,  23  stores,  3  printing  offi- 
ces, 200  dwellings,  and  about  1,500  inhabitants. 

Saint  Clements  Bay,  p-o.,  St.  Marys  co., 
Md.,  81  s.  Annapolis,  58  W. 

Saint  Croix,  r.,  Me.,  constitutes  the  boundary 
between  the  United  States  and  the  British  Pro- 
vince of  New  Brunswick.  It  rises  in  Grand  lake, 
and  pursues  a  s.  E.  course  to  Passamaquoddy 
bay.  Grand  lake  is  connected  with  Cheputnete- 
cook  lake.  The  r.  leaves  the  latter  lake  54J  ms. 
from  its  mouth,  at  an  elevation  of  3S2i  feet  above 
tidewater.  It  has  several  sets  of  falls  of  consid- 
erable height,  which  afford  great  water  power. 
It  is  navigable  12  ms.  for  large  vessels  to  Calais, 
where  it  is  crossed  by  a  bridge.  Immediately 
above  the  entrance  of  Schoodic  r.,  20£  ms.  from 
its  mouth,  it  has  an  elevation  of  166  feet  above 
tidewater. 

Saint  Croix,  lake  and  r.,  Wis.  The  r.  rises 
in  the  dividing  ridge  between  Lake  Superior 
and  Mississippi  r.,  and  flowing  southwardly,  re- 
ceives many  tributaries,  and  enters  St.  Croix  lake, 
a  long  and  narrow  body  of  wator,  and  passing 
through  it,  it  becomes  contracted  again  to  the 
dimensions  of  a  r.,  shortly  before  it  enters  the 
Mississippi,  some  distance  below  the  Falls  of  St. 
Anthony. 

Saint  Croix,  county,  Wis.  Situated  s.  w.  of 
the  w.  end  of  Lake  Superior.  Bounded  w.  by 
.Mississippi  r.  Drained  by  St.  Croix  r.  and  its 
branches,  Rum  r.  and  St.  Francis  r.  Its  territory 
is  very  extensive,  and  not  much  settled.  Capital, 
St.  Croix.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  434, 
sheep  6,  swine  187;  wheat  74  bush,  produced, 
Ind.  corn  606,  barley  79,  oats  258,  potatoes  8,014, 


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sugar  17,997  pounds;  7  stores,  cap.  $118,500;  3 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $74,000.  3  sen.  49 
scholars.     Pop.  809. 

Saint  Croix,  v.,  capital  of  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis. 
Situated  on  the  w.  side,  and  near  the  head  of  St. 
Croix  lake.  It  contains  a  court  house  and  a  few 
dwellings. 

Saintfield,  p-o.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.,  66  e. 
Columbus,  339  W. 

Saint  Francis,  r.,  Mo.  and  Ark.,  rises  in  St. 
Francis  co.,  Mo.,  and  flowing  s.,  enters  Ark.,  and 
receives  White  Water  r.,  a  large  branch  which 
rises  in  Mo.,  and  flows  nearly  parallel  to  it,  and 
enters  the  Mississippi  in  Phillips  co.  It  is  navi- 
gable in  high  water  nearly  200  ms.  It  passes 
through  many  lakes  and  swamps,  yet  its  waters 
are  remarkably  clear,  and  abound  with  fine  fish. 
Saint  Francis,  county,  Mo.  Situated  toward 
the  s.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  425  sq. 
ms.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  fertile.  Drained 
by  St.  Francis,  Big,  and  Establishment  rivers. 
Iron  ore  is  found.  Capital,  Farmington.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,740,  sheep  3,548,  swine 
10,721  ;  wheat  21,903  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
167,275,  oats  31,273,  potatoes  441,  tobacco  13,410 
pounds;  11  stores,  cap.  $23,950;  5  tanneries,  1 
distillery,  4  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$8,600.  1 1  sch.  286  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,694, 
slaves  501,  free  col'd  16;  total,  3,211. 

Saint  Francis,  county,  Ark.  Situated  in  the 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,080  sq.  ms. 
St.  Francis  r.  runs  on  its  e.  border.  Drained  by 
Cache  and  White  rivers.  Capital,  Franklin. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,508,  sheep  559, 
swine  8,862;  wheat  1,438  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  128,470,  oats  3,942,  potatoes  13,790,  tobacco 
2,502  pounds,  cotton  53,338 ;  7  stores,  capital 
$24,650 ;  1  flouring  m.,  6  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $12,000.  3  sch.  70  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  2,032,  slaves  365,  free  col'd  2 ;  total,  2,499. 
Saint  Francis,  p-v.,  St.  Francis  co.,  Ark.,  110 
E.  by  n.  Little  Rock. 

Saint  Francis,  t,  Phillips  co.,  Ark.  It  has  3 
sch.  72  scholars.     Pop.  983. 

Saint  Francisville,  p-v.,  Lawrence  co.,  111., 
178  s.  e.  Springfield,  698  W. 

Saint  Francisville,  p-v.,  capital  of  West 
Feliciana  par.,  La.,  136  n.  w.  New  Orleans,  1,170 
W.  Situated  on  the  e.  bank  of  the  Mississippi, 
on  a  bluff",  1  m.  from  the  r.,  and  160  ms.  above 
New  Orleans.  By  the  Bayou  Sarah  it  commu- 
nicates with  the  Mississippi,  and  is  a  noted  stop- 
ping place  for  descending  boats,  and  great  quan- 
tities of  corn  are  shipped  from  it.  A  weekly 
newspaper  is  issued  here.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  15  stores,  and  814  inhabitants. 

Saint  Francisville,  p-v.,  Clark  co.,  Mo.,  177 
N.  Jefferson  City,  904  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  w. 
side  of  Des  Moines  r. 

Saint  Genevieve,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in 
the  e.  toward  the  s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains 
400  sq.  ms.  The  Mississippi  r.  runs  on  its  n.  w. 
boundary.  The  surface  is  rolling  and  broken; 
soil,  on  the  bottoms,  very  fertile,  upland  but  mod- 
erately so.  Drained  by  Au  Vase  and  Establish- 
ment rivers,  and  Coldwater  cr.  Capital,  St. 
Genevieve.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
4,329,  sheep  1,696,  swine  10,591 ;  wheat  28,976 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  203,754,  oats  18,351, 
potatoes  2,520,  tobacco  81,855  pounds,  sugar 
1,175;  6  commission  houses,  cap.  $12,000;  14 
stores,  cap.  $78,550;  2  tanneries,  1  flouring  m., 
2  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $37,950 
2  acad.  60  students,  4  sch.  92  scholars.  Pop 
whites  2,563,  slaves  548,  free  col'd  37;  total 
3,148. 
Saint  Genevieve,  p-v.,  capital  of  St.  Gene 


vieve  co.,  Mo.,  61  s.  by  e.  St.  Louis,  190  e.  s.  e. 
Jefferson  City,  844  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank 
of  the  Mississippi,  about  1  m.  from  the  r.  It  is 
built  on  Gabourie  cr.,  a  small  stream,  which  is 
sometimes  boatable.  It  contains  a  Roman  Cath- 
olic church,  an  academy,  some  neat  French 
houses,  and  about  1,000  inhabitants.  Below  the 
v.  is  a  prairie  of  6,000  acres  of  great  fertility, 
fenced,  and  cultivated  in  common.  The  inhab- 
itants are  chiefly  French.  The  v.  has  an  exten- 
sive trade  in  lead.  There  are  in  the  1. 1  acad.  40 
students.    Pop.  1,607. 

Saint  George,  p-t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  48  s.  E. 
Augusta,  625  W.  Situated  on  a  peninsula  formed 
by  the  Atlantic  ocean  on  the  E.  and  s.,  and  Mus- 
congus  bay  on  the  w.  It  possesses  great  facili- 
ties for  navigation,  and  has  considerable  shipping 
employed  in  the  lumber  and  coasting  trade,  and 
in  the  fisheries.  Vessels  are  built  here.  Incor- 
porated in  1803.  It  has  10  stores,  cap.  $4,850 ;  1 
grist  m.,  17  sch.  904  scholars.     Pop.  2,094. 

Saint  George,  t.,  Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  8  s.  e. 
Burlington,  28  w.  by  N.  Montpelier.  It  is  a  small 
t.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil,  loam,  clay,  and 
gravel.  Chartered  in  1763.  First  settled  in 
1784.     It  has  1  sch.  25  scholars.     Pop.  121. 

Saint  George's,  p.  hundred,  New  Castle 
co.,  Del.,  31  n.  Dover,  126  W.  It  has  10  stores, 
cap.  $30,800  ;  4  lumber  yards,  cap.  $6,500 ;  1 
tannery,  3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$13,750.     3  sch.  92  scholars.     Pop.  3,127. 

Saint  Helena,  par.,  La.  Situated  in  the  s.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  bordering  on  Miss.  It  con- 
tains 1,700  sq.  ms.  Amite  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border. 
Drained  by  Ticfah  r.  and  its  branches.  The  soil 
is  sterile,  excepting  on  the  streams,  and  is  gener- 
ally covered  with  pine  timber.  Capital,  Greens- 
burg.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,590, 
sheep  1,513,  swine  16,300;  Ind.  corn  102,930  bush, 
produced,  oats  4,978,  potatoes  38,782,  rice  35,060 
pounds,  cotton  925,176;  11  stores,  cap.  $14,500  ; 
2  tanneries,  11  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $30,650.  1  acad.  37  students,  4  sch.  86 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  1,945,  slaves  1,573,  free 
col'd  7  ;  total,  3,525. 

Saint  Helena,  p-v.,  St.  Helena  par.,  La.,  85 
N.  New  Orleans,  1,157  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Ticfah  r. 

Saint  Inigoes,  p-v.,  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md.,  105 
s.  Annapolis,  82  W.  Situated  on  a  small  r.  of  the 
same  name,  which  enters  St.  Mary's  r.,  a  short 
distance  from  the  Potomac. 

Saint  James,  par.,  La.  Situated  in  the  s.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  a  little  west  of  New  Orleans, 
and  contains  250  sq.  ms.  Amite  r.  bounds  it  on 
the  n.  and  the  Mississippi  on  the  s.  It  contains 
Jefferson  College,  at  Bringiers.  Capital,  Brin- 
giers.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,762, 
sheep  5,107,  swine  3,290;  Ind.  corn  155,790 
bush,  produced,  cotton  1,032,950  pounds,  sugar 
15,157,000 ;  14  stores,  cap.  $155,000 ;  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $246,000.  2  colleges,  505  stu- 
dents, 3  sch.  48  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,762, 
slaves  5,711,  free  col'd  75  ;  total,  8,548. 

Saint  James,  p-o.,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  62  n. 
Annapolis,  72  W. 

Saint  James'  Church,  p-o.,  Bedford  co.,  Va., 
136  w.  Richmond,  211  W. 

Saint  John  Baptist,  par.,  La.  Situated  in 
the  s.  e.  part  of  the  state,  a  little  w.  of  New  Or- 
leans, and  contains  260  sq.  ms.  The  Mississippi 
r.  passes  through  it,  and  Lake  Pontchartrain  lies 
on  its  n.  E.  border.  The  only  land  capable  of 
cultivation  is  on  the  margin  of  the  streams,  and 
is  very  fertile.  It  produces  cotton  and  sugar. 
Capital,  Bonnet  Carre.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  2,620,  sheep  2,000,  swine  950  ;  Ind.  com 


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208,830  bush,  produced,  rice  112,000  pounds, 
sugar  11,000,000;  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufhc. 
$37,000.  8  sch.  81  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,141. 
free  col'd  191  ;  total,  5,776. 

Saint  Johns,  r.,  Me.,  rises  by  several  branches 
in  Somerset  co.  Its  head  waters  approach  near 
to  those  of  the  Chaudiere,  in  Canada,  and  the  Pe- 
nobscot, in  Me.,  and  by  a  broad  sweep  it  passes 
through  the  n.  part  of  Maine,  and  below  the 
entrance  of  St.  Francis  r.  it  forms  the  n.  boundary 
of  Maine  until  it  crosses  the  United  States  boun- 
dary into  New  Brunswick,  in  about  lat.  47°  N., 
where  it  pursues  a  s.  and  s.  e.  course  until  it 
enters  the  Bay  of  Fundy.  The  Aroostook,  a 
large  tributary,  rises  in  the  N.  part  of  Penobscot 
co.,  and  crossing  Aroostook  co.  enters  it  in  New 
Brunswick.  The  St.  Johns  is  navigable  for 
sloops  of  50  tons  80  ras.  from  its  mouth ;  and, 
With  the  exception  of  2  short  portages,  nearly  to 
its  source,  a  distance  of  350  ms.  The  free  navi- 
gation of  this  r.,  secured  by  the  late  treaty  with 
Great  Britain,  will  be  of  great  importance  to  the 
N.  part  of  Maine. 

Saint  Johns,  r.,  Flor.,  This  r.,  or  sound,  rises 
in  an  immense  marsh,  elevated  but  little  above 
the  level  of  the  ocean,  and  flows  northwardly 
nearly  parallel  with  the  ocean,  until  it  turns  sud- 
denly to  the  E.  and  flows  into  the  Atlantic.  It 
receives  in  the  upper  part  of  its  course  the  Ock- 
lawaha,  a  large  branch,  previous  to  which  it 
passes  through  Lake  George.  Its  whole  course 
is  about  250  ms.  It  often  spreads  from  3  to  5  ms. 
in  width,  though  in  other  places  it  is  not  more  than 
one-fourth  of  a  mile  wide.  Vessels  requiring  8 
feet  water  enter  Lake  George  and  Dunns  Lake, 
150  ms.  from  its  mouth.  At  its  entrance,  it  has 
12  feet  of  water  on  the  bar,  and  it  is  here  only  1 
mile  wide.  There  is  a  light-house  on  the  s.  side 
of  the  r.  at  its  entrance. 

Saint  Johns,  county,  Flor.  Situated  in  the  e. 
part  of  the  peninsula,  and  contains  1,450  sq.  ms. 
Watered  by  St.  John's  and  North  rivers,  and  Ma- 
canzas  sound.  It  produces  cotton,  Indian  corn, 
and  sugar  cane  ;  and  of  fruits,  oranges,  citrons, 
and  lemons.  It  has  much  fertile  land,  and  some 
incapable  of  cultivation.  Live  oak  is  extensively 
found  on  St.  Johns  r.  In  the  neighborhood  of  St. 
Augustine  the  land  has  long  been  tilled.  Capital, 
St.  Augustine.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle, 
647,  swine  534;  Irid.  corn  3,175  bush,  produced, 
potatoes  1,126,  sugar  25,000  pounds  ;  45  stores, 
cap.  $31,700 ;  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  news- 
papers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,850.  3  acad.  113 
students,  4  sch.  77  scholars.  Pop.  whites  1,685, 
slaves  888,  free  col'd  121  ;  total,  2,694. 

Saint  Johns,  p-o.,  Allen  county,  O.,  95  n.  w. 
Columbus,  480  W. 

Saint  Johns,  p-o.,  Hertford  co.,  N.  C,  162  e. 
by  n.  Raleigh,  291  W. 

Saint  Johnsbury,  p-t.,  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  7  e. 
Danville,  37  n.  e.  Montpelier,  546  W.  The  sur- 
face is  uneven ;  soil,  strong  and  fertile,  particu- 
larly on  the  r.  Watered  by  Pasumpsic  r.  and 
its  tributaries,  which  afford  good  water  power. 
Chartered  in  1786.  First  settled  in  1788.  It  has 
a  pleasant  v.,  2i  miles  s.  of  the  centre,  contain- 
ing several  stores,  and  some  fine  dwellings.  At 
the  centre  is  a  Congregational  church.  There 
are  in  the  t.  6  stores,  cap.  $29,500 ;  3  fulling  m., 
1  furnace,  3  tanneries,  2  potteries,  1  printing  of- 
fice, 1  weekly  newspaper,  5  grist  m.,  7  saw  m., 
1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $92,700.  1  acad.  25 
students,  15  sch.  602  scholars.     Pop.  1,887. 

Saint  Johnsbury  Centre,  p-o.,   St.  Johns- 
bury  t.,  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  40  n.  e.  Montpelier, 
549  W. 
Saint  Johnsbury  East,  p-o.,  St.  Johnsbury 


t.,  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  41  N.  E.  Montpelier,  550 
W. 

Saint  Johnstown,  p-v.,  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  34 
s.  Dover,  119  W. 

Saint  Johnsvili.e,  p-t.,  Montgomery  co.,  N. 
Y.,  61  n.  w.  Albany,  394  W.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating or  hilly  ;  soil,  fertile.  Drained  by  East 
Canada  and  Zimmerman's  creeks  flowing  into 
the  Mohawk  r.,  which  bounds  it  on  the  s.  The 
v.  is  situated  on  the  n.  side  of  Mohawk  river., 
and  contains  1  church,  2  stores,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.,  1  tannery,  1  sash  fac,  1  forge  and  furnace,  1 
carding  machine,  1  fulling  m.,  35  dwellings,  and 
about  250  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  3 
stores,  cap.  $9,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  1  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $20,000.  4  sch. 
113  scholars.     Pop.  1,923. 

Saint  Joseph's,  bay,  Flor.,  lies  within  Cape 
St.  Bias,  a  long  and  crooked  peninsula.  The 
bay  is  20  miles  long,  and  from  7  to  8  wide,  with  a 
broad  entrance  from  the  N.  w.,  near  Cape  False, 
affording  17  feet  of  water  on  the  bar.  A  middle 
ground  occupies  much  of  the  space  between 
Cape  False  and  the  peninsula,  having  from  9  to 
11  feet  of  water.  There  is  a  channel  on  the  s. 
E.  side  of  the  entrance  close  to  the  peninsula, 
nearly  equal  in  depth  to  the  n.  w.  passage.  The 
water  becomes  more  shoal  4  miles  from  the  s.  E. 
end  of  the  bay.  There  is  a  picturesque  island, 
2  miles  from  the  s.  E.  end,  covered  with  live 
oak,  cedar,  and  palms.  The  n.  e.  shore  is  inter- 
tersected  by  ponds  and  lagoons. 

Saint  Joseph's,  r.  of  the  Maumee,  Mich., 
rises,  by  several  branches,  in  the  central  part  of 
Hillsdale  co.,  and  flows  a  southwesterly  course, 
across  a  corner  of  Ohio  into  Indiana,  and  joins  the 
St.  Mary's  at  Fort  Wayne,  forming  Maumee  r. 
It  affords  much  water  power. 

Saint  Joseph's,  r.  of  Lake  Michigan,  rises  in 
the  n.  e.  part  of  Hillsdale  co.,  and  flows  e.,  and 
after  a  broad  southerly  bend,  in  which  it  enters 
la.,  it  proceeds  n.  w.  until  it  enters  Lake  Michi- 
gan. In  length  and  volume  of  water  it  is  the 
second  river  in  the  Peninsula,  being  250  miles 
long,  but  in  a  direct  line  not  more  than  150  miles. 
It  is  navigable  for  keel  boats  130  ms.,  to  Lock- 
port.  At  its  mouth  is  a  good  harbor,  and,  by  a 
pier,  is  sufficient  for  any  number  of  vessels  re- 
quired by  the  lake  navigation.  There  is  a  sand 
bar  at  its  mouth,  which  has  6  feet  of  water.  It 
receives  many  tributaries,  and  affords  much  wa- 
ter power.  Its  intervals  are  very  fertile,  and,  in 
some  places,  heavily  timbered. 

Saint  Joseph's,  island,  Mich.  Situated  in 
the  straits  of  St.  Mary,  between  George's  island 
on  the  n.  w.  and  Drummond's  island  on  the  s. 
e.  It  is  20  ms.  long  and  8  broad,  at  its  medial 
breadth,  dividing  the  passage  into  two  parts. 
The  s.  w.  passage  is  called  Muddy  lake,  and  the 
United  States  boundary  passes  tlirough  it.  On 
its  s.  extremity  are  the  remains  of  an  old  British 
fort. 

Saint  Joseph's,  county,  Mich.  Situated  in 
the  s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  528  sq.  ms. 
Organized  in  1829.  Drained  by  St.  Joseph's  r. 
and  its  branches,  Prairie,  Portage,  Rocky,  and 
Pigeon  rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  soil, 
very  fertile.  Capital,  Centreville.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,865,  sheep  3,986,  swine 
13,864;  wheat  131,451  bushels  produced,  rye 
2,438,  Indian  corn  148,944,  buckwheat  2,927,  bar- 
ley 11,323,  oats  112,125,  potatoes  66,386,  sugar 
20,250  pounds ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  distil- 
leries, 7  flouring  m.,  1 1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$30,100.     37  sch.  819  scholars.    Pop.  7,068. 

Saint  Joseph's,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the 
N.  part  of  the  state,  bordering  on  Mich.,  and  con- 


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tains  46S  sq.  ms.  Watered  by  St.  Joseph's  r.  and 
Kankakee  r.,  which,  with  other  streams,  afford 
water  power.  The  surface  is  level,  with  many 
fine  prairies  and  timber  land  in  the  s.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Capital,  South  Bend.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  6,551,  sheep  3,668,  swine  11,231); 
wheat  102,620  bushels  produced,  Indian  corn 
197,438,  buckwheat  1,920,  oats  133,617,  potatoes 
40,867,  tobacco  1,412  pounds,  sugar  72,013 ;  1 
commission  house,  cap.  $2,500;  20  stores,  cap. 
$  46,425 ;  5  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  pottery,  2 
flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  14  saw  m.,  1  printing  of- 
fice, 1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$128,507.  1  acad.  33  students,  22  sch.  920  schol- 
ars.    Fop.  6,425. 

Saint  Joseph,  p-t.,  Williams  co.,  O.,  180  n.  w. 
Columbus,  524  W.     It  has  1  store,  cap.  $200 ; 

1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $500.  3  sch.  59 
scholars.     Pop.  192. 

Saint  Joseph,  p-t.,  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  195  w. 
by  s.  Detroit,  652  W.  Watered  by  St.  Joseph 
and  Pawpaw  rivers,  which  unite  in  the  t.  Lake 
Michigan  bounds  it  on  the  w.  It  contains  St. 
Joseph  v.,  capital  of  the  co.,  situated  on  the  s. 
side  of  St.  Joseph  r.,  at  its  entrance  into  the  lake. 
It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  an  Episcopal 
church,  12  stores,  4  large  forwarding  and  com- 
mission houses,  a  bank,  2  steam  saw  m.,  a  print- 
ing office  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper,  and  about 
500  inhabitants.     It  is  one  of  the  most  important 

{daces  on  the  w.  side  of  the  peninsula ;  $35,000 
lave  been  appropriated  for  the  improvement  of 
the  harbor ;  it  has  2,000  feet  of  wharf,  and  6s  feet 
of  water.  Three  steamboats  are  owned  here. 
A  bridge  across  the  St.  Joseph  river  here,  cost 
$15,000.  There  are  in  the  t.  2  commission 
houses,  cap.  $16,000;  4  stores,  cap.  $7,900;  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,663.  2  sch.  43 
scholars.     Pop.  489. 

Saint  Landre,  par.,  La.  Situated  toward  the 
s.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  2,000  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  and  the  soil  are  various.  The  Atcha- 
falaya  Bayou  bounds  it  on  the  e.,  and  Bayou  Nez 
Pique  on  the  w.  Drained  by  Teche  and  Vermil- 
ion rivers.  Capital,  Opelousas.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  69,267,  sheep  10,226,  swine 
20,841 ;  Ind.  corn  431,208  bush,  produced,  pota- 
toes 74,523,  rice  5,000  pounds,  tobacco  3,500,  cot- 
ton 21,437,190,  sugar  400,000;  37  stores,  cap. 
$512,900;  4  tanneries,  3  flouring  m.,  100  grist  m., 
8  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $78,100.     1  college,  9  students, 

2  acad.  120  students,  7  sch.  85  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  7,179,  slaves  7,129,  free  col'd  925  ;  total, 
15,233. 

Saint  Landre,  v.  (See  Opelousas.) 
Saint  Lawrence,  r.,  U.  S.  and  Canada,  forms 
the  outlets  of  the  great  lakes  Superior,  Huron, 
Michigan,  Erie  and  Ontario,  and  after  a  course 
of  more  than  2,000  miles,  flows  into  the  Gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence.  It  forms  the  boundary,  with  the 
middle  of  the  lakes  through  which  it  passes,  be- 
tween the  United  States  and  Canada,  until  it 
arrives  at  about,  the  45th  degree  of  n.  lat.,  though 
by  the  late  treaty  the  boundary  follows  the  old 
line  as  formerly  settled,  which  is  1  mile  n.  of  the 
45th  degree.  It  has  different  names  in  different 
parts  of  its  course.  From  its  mouth  to  Lake  On- 
tario it  is  called  the  St.  Lawrence ;  between 
Lakes  Ontario  and  Erie,  Niagara  r. ;  between 
Lakes  Erie  and  St.  Clair,  Detroit  r. ;  between 
Lakes  St.  Clair  and  Huron,  St.  Clair  r. ;  and  be- 
tween Lakes  Huron  and  Superior,  St.  Mary's  r. 
It  is  navigable  for  ships  of  the  line  400  miles,  to 
Quebec  ;  and  for  ships  of  600  tons  to  Montreal. 
The  distance  from  Montreal  to  Lake  Ontario  is 
ttoarly  200  miles.    From  Quebec  to  Montreal,  it 


has  an  average  breadth  of  2  miles.  At  its  mouth, 
the  Gulf,  from  Cape  Rosier  to  Mingau  settlement, 
in  Labrador,  is  105  miles  in  length. 

Saint  Lawrence,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated 
toward  the  N.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains 
2,717  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  gentle 
swells,  broad  valleys  and  extended  tracts  of  level 
country.  In  the  s.  E.  part  it  is  hilly  and  mountain- 
ous. The  soil  is  generally  productive.  The  St. 
Lawrence  r.  runs  on  its  n.  w.  border  for  a  dis- 
tance of  75  miles.  Watered  by  St.  Regis,  Racket, 
Grass,  Oswegatchie,  and  Indian  rivers,  and  their 
tributaries.  Some  of  these  are  to  some  extent 
navigable,  and  they  afford  much  water  power. 
Black  lake  is  an  expansion  of  Indian  r.,  20  miles 
long  and  2  wide.  There  are  other  small  lakes. 
In  the  town  of  Canton,  a  natural  canal,  6  miles 
long  and  from  30  to  80  yards  wide,  connects  Os- 
wegatchie and  Grass  rivers,  and  is  boatable.  The 
St.  Lawrence  is  navigated  by  sloops  and  steam- 
boats from  Lake  Ontario,  60  miles,  to  Ogdens- 
burgh.  Lead  ore  is  extensively  found  in  the 
vicinity  of  Rossie  v.  Iron  ore  is  extensively 
found — some  of  it  magnetic.  Marble  is  abundant. 
A  railroad  has  been  projected,  from  Ogdens- 
burgh  to  Plattsburgh.  Capital,  Canton.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle,  61,455,  sheep  125,821, 
swine  41,889 ;  wheat  278,007  bush,  produced,  rye 
23,571,  Ind.  corn  204,824,  buckwheat  34,312, 
barley  24,018,  oats  334,009,  potatoes  1,412,272, 
sugar  84S,132  pounds  ;  2  commission  houses,  cap. 
$3,000,  155  stores,  cap.  $553,000  ;  16  furnaces,  6 
forges,  28  fulling  m.,  4  woollen  fac,  27  tanneries, 
1  distillery,  2  potteries,  2  flouring  m.,  45  grist  m., 
103  saw  m.,  1  paper  fac,  2  printing  offices,  2 
weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $815,526. 
4  acad.  761  students,  357  sch.  13,539  scholars. 
Pop.  56,706. 

Saint  Lawrence,  p-o.,  Chatham  co.,  N.  C, 
46  w.  Raleigh,  334  W. 

Saint  Leonards,  p-v.,  Calvert  co.,  Md.,  56  s. 
Annapolis,  86  W.  Situated  between  Chesa- 
peake bay  and  Patuxent  r.  It  contains  about  25 
dwellings. 

Saint  Louis,  r.,  N.  W.  Ter.,  after  a  course  of 
about  200  miles,  flows  into  Fond  du  Lac,  the  w. 
end  of  Lake  Superior.  It  is  much  obstructed  by 
falls  and  rapids. 

Saint  Louis,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the  e 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  550  sq.  ms.  The 
Mississippi  r.  runs  on  its  e.  boundary,  and  the 
Missouri  r.  on  the  n.  w.  The  surface  is  undula- 
ting ;  soil,  generally  very  fertile.  Maramec  r. 
runs  partly  on  its  s.  border  and  partly  within  it. 
Capital,  St.  Louis.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  22,877,  sheep  8,730,  swine  24,441  ;  wheat 
59,177  bush,  produced,  rye  6,133.  Ind.  corn 
477,879,  buckwheat  1,903,  oats  95,306,  potatoes 
90,983,  tobacco  197,045  pounds ;  1  commercial, 
and  24  commission  houses,  cap.  $717,000 ;  214 
stores,  cap.  $3,875,050 ;  17  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$287,529;  6  tanneries,  4  distilleries,  2  flouring  m., 
14  grist  m.,  13  sawm.,  1  oilm.,  22  printing  offices, 
6  daily,  7  weekly,  and  5  semi-weekly  newspa- 
pers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $313,700.  2  colleges, 
252  students,  14  acad.  662  students,  28  sch.  1,056 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  30,505,  slaves  4,616,  free 
col'd  853;  total,  35,979. 

Saint  Louis,  city,  and  capital  of  St.  Louis  co., 
Missouri,  is  the  largest  place  in  the  state,  and  is 
situated  on  the  w.  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  18  ms. 
by  water  below  the  junction  of  the  Missouri.  It 
is  in  38°  36'  n.  lat.,  and  89°  56'  w.  Ion.  from 
Greenwich,  and  13°  14'  w.  Ion.  from  W. ;  30  ms. 
below  the  junction  of  the  Illinois ;  200  above 
that  of  the  Ohio  ;  1,132  miles,  by  the  course  of 
the  river,  above  New  Orleans  ;  1,100  below  the 


SAT 


589 


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Falls  of  St.  Anthony;  120  k.  Jefferson  City  ;  808 
from  Washington.  The  population  in  IS l()  was 
1,600;  in  1820,  4,598;  in  1830,  6,(594;  in  1840, 
16,469,  of  whom  1,531  were  slaves.  Employed 
in  commerce,  815  ;  in  mannl'acinrcs  and  trades, 
2,012;  navigating  rivers,  &c,  891 ;  in  the  learned 
professions,  &c,  188. 

The  situation  of  the  city  is  pleasant  and 
healthy.  The  ground  rises  gradually  from  the 
first  to  the  second  bank  of  the  river  ;  and  on  the 
second  bank,  which  is  shout  40  feet  higher  than 
the  first,  the  city  is  chiefly  built.  It  presents  a 
beautiful  appearance  as  seen  from  the  opposite 
side  of  the  river,  or  as  it  is  approached  on  the 
river.  At  the  distance  of  about  half  a  mile  from 
the  river,  the  ground  attains  its  highest  elevation, 
and  spreads  out  in  a  plain  to  the  west.  There 
are  five  principal  streets  running  parallel  with 
the  river,  which  are  crossed  by  many  others,  at 
right  angles.  Two  streets  along  the  river  are 
narrow,  but  those  which  have  been  more  re- 
cently laid  out,  on  the  second  bank,  are  regular 
and  spacious,  and  present  many  commanding 
situations.  The  compact  part  of  the  city  extends 
about  a  mile  and  a  half  along  the  river ;  but  there 
are  suburbs  on  the  N.  and  s.  making  the  whole 
extent  five  miles.  It  contains  many  neat,  and 
some  elegant  buildings.  The  more  recent  houses 
have  been  built  of  brick,  made  of  an  excellent 
quality  in  the  immediate  vicinity ;  some  are  of 
stone,  quarried  on  the  spot,  and  generally  white- 
washed. Many  of  the  houses  have  spacious  and 
beautiful  gardens  attached  to  them. 

Front-street  is  open  on  the  side  toward  the 
water,  and  on  the  other  side  is  a  range  of  ware- 
houses four  stories  high,  built  of  limestone,  which 
have  a  very  commanding  appearance,  and  are 
the  seat  of  a  heavy  business.  In  First-street, 
the  wholesale  and  retail  drygoods  stores  are 
located ;  and  in  the  streets  back  of  this  are  the 
artisans  and  tradesmen. 

The  city  is  watered  from  the  Mississippi.  The 
water  is  raised  by  steam  power  to  a  reservoir 
situated  on  an  elevated  ancient  mound,  whence 
it  is  distributed  in  iron  pipes  through  the  city. 
A  company  is  also  formed  for  lighting  the  city 
with  gas.  The  country  around  St.  Louis,  and  w. 
for  15  miles,  is  a  very  fertile  prairie. 

The  city  is  admirably  situated  for  commerce, 
and  already  surpasses  in  its  trade  every  other 
place  N.  of  New  Orleans.  The  Mississippi  and 
the  Illinois  to  the  n.  ;  the  Ohio  and  its  tributaries 
to  the  s.  e.  ;  and  the  Missouri  to  the  w.,  give  it  a 
ready  access  to  avast  extent  of  country  ;  and  to 
the  s.  the  Mississippi  furnishes  an  outlet  to  the 
ocean  for  its  accumulated  productions.  It  is  the 
principal  western  depot  of  the  American  Fur 
Company,  who  have  a  large  establishment  in  the 
place,  and  nearly  1,000  men  in  their  employ.  A 
vast  amount  of  furs  of  every  description  is  here 
collected  ;  and  10,000  dried  buffalo  tongues  have 
been  brought  in  in  a  single  year.  Numerous 
steamboats  ply  from  this  place  in  various  direc- 
tions. The  steamboat  arrivals,  in  a  single  year, 
have  amounted  to  over  800,  with  a  tonnage  of 
over  100,000.  The  total  tonnage  of  this  port  in 
1840  was  11,259. 

Among  the  public  buildings,  the  City  Hall,  a 
splendid  building  of  brick,  several  of  the  churches, 
and  particularly  the  Roman  Catholic  Cathedral, 
deserve  notice.  The  Cathedral  is  136  feet  long, 
84  feet  wide,  and  the  walls  are  40  feet  high.  The 
front  of  the  edifice  is  58  feet  high,  above  which 
the  tower  of  the  steeple  rises  20  feet  square  to 
the  height  of  40  feet.  This  is  surmounted  by  an 
octagon  spire  covered  with  tin,  crowned  with  a 
brass  gilt  bail  5  feet  in  diameter,  surmounted  by 


a  cross  of  gib  brass  io  feel  high.  In  the  steeple 
is  a  pes^  of  6  bells,  the  three  largest  of  which 
weigh  from  [,600  to  2^600  pounds  each.  The 
front  of  the  building  in  of  polished  freestone, 
with  a  portico  of  1  massive  Done  columns.  There 
is  also  a  U.  S.  land  office,  a  Theatre,  and  a  Con- 
cert Hull. 

There  are  several  literary  and  benevolent  in- 
stitutions in  the  city.  The  St.  Louis  University 
is  under  the  direction  of  the  Catholics,  and  has 
15  instructors,  60  students,  and  7,900  volumes  in 
its  libraries.  It  has  a  spacious  building  in  the 
city,  and  is  amply  endowed.  The  commence- 
ment is  on  the  31st  of  July.  Kemper  College  is 
under  the  direction  of  the  Episcopalians,  and  is 
beautifully  situated  4  miles  from  the  city,  with 
extensive  grounds  around  it.  Its  medical  depart- 
ment is  within  the  city,  and  has  a  spacious  build- 
ing capable  of  accommodating  400  students,  a 
hall  for  lectures,  chemical  laboratory,  &c.  The 
Western  Academy  of  Sciences  has  an  extensive 
museum  of  natural  history  and  mineralogy,  &c. 
There  is  also  a  Museum,  containing  Indian  anti- 
quities, fossil  remains,  and  other  curiosities. 

The  Convent  of  the  Sacred  Heart  is  an  institu- 
tion of  nuns,  for  conducting  female  education. 
The  Protestant  ladies  conduct  an  Orphan  Asy- 
lum ;  and  there  is  a  Catholic  Orphan  Asylum 
conducted  by  the  Sisters  of  Charity. 

There  are  14  churches  in  the  city — 2  Episcopal, 
2  Methodist,  2  Presbyterian,  2  Roman  Catholic, 
1  Associate  Reformed  Presbyterian,  1  German 
Lutheran,  1  Baptist,  1  Unitarian,  1  African  Meth- 
odist, and  1  African  Baptist. 

The  city  has  a  bank  and  2  insurance  compa- 
nies. In  the  southern  limits  of  the  city  is  a  U. 
S.  arsenal,  and  14  miles  distant  from  it  are  the 
U.  S.  Jefferson  Barracks,  capable  of  accommoda- 
ting 600  or  700  men. 

There  were  in  1840,  1  foreign  commercial  and 
24  commission  houses,  with  a  cap.  of  $717,000 ; 
214  retail  stores,  with  a  cap.  of  $3,875,050 ;  17 
lumber  yards,  with  a  cap.  of  $237,529 ;  40  per- 
sons employed  in  internal  transportation,  to- 
gether with  37  butchers  and  packers,  employed 
a  cap.  of  $141,500;  furs,  skins,  &c,  valued  at 
$3;)6,300 ;  machinery  $169,807 ;  2  tanneries,  cap. 
$54,500;  1  distillery,  and  6  breweries,  capital 
$48,800;  1  ropewalk,  cap.  $10,000;  2  flouring 
m.,  1  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  cap.  $106,500; 
22  printing  offices,  6  daily,  7  weekly,  and  5  semi- 
weekly  newspapers,  employed  a  cap.  $49,650; 
210  brick  and  stone,  and  130  wooden  houses,  cost 
$761,980.  Total  cap.  in  manufac.  $674,250.  10 
acad.  577  students,  7  sch.  713  scholars. 

This  place  was  founded  in  1761,  by  the  French 
from  Canada,  as  a  trading  post  with  the  Indians ; 
but  during  the  French  and  Spanish  possession  of 
it,  it  remained  an  inconsiderable  village. 

Saint  Louisville,  p-o.,  Licking  co.,  O. 

Saint  Marie,  p-v.,  Jasper  co.,  111.,  139  s.  E. 
Springfield,  716  W. 

Saint  Marks,  r.,  Flor.,  a  small  r.  which  unites 
with  Wakully  r.  at  St.  Marks,  to  form  Appala- 
chee  r.  It  rises  in  a  small  pond  19  m.  n.  e.  from 
its  junction  with  the  Wakully.  Boats  requiring 
4  feet  water  ascend  it  to  its  source. 

Saint  Marks,  p-v.,  and  port  of  entry,  Leon 
co.,  Flor.,  20  s.  Tallahassee,  8 16  W.  It  is  situated 
on  St.  Marks  r.,  near  the  junction  of  Wakully 
r.,  which  form  Appalachee  r.,  and  constitutes  the 
port  of  Tallahassee,  with  which  it  is  connected 
by  a  railroad.  It  promises  to  be  a  place  of  con- 
siderable business.  Below  St.  Marks  the  navi- 
gation is  very  crooked  and  impeded  by  oyster 
bars.  Congress,  in  1829,  appropriated  a  sum  of 
money  to  improve  the  navigation.    There  is  a 


SAT 


590 


SAT 


light-house  at  the  entrance  of  the  r.  St.  Marks 
is  6  miles  above  the  entrance  of  the  r.,  which  has 
8  feet  of  water  to  this  place. 

Saint  Martins,  r.,  Md.,  crosses  the  n.  e.  part 
of  Worcester  co.  and  enters  Sinepuxenl  bay,  in 
the  Atlantic,  opposite  to  Fenwick's  island. 

Saint  Martin's,  parish,  La.  Situated  toward 
the  s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  850  sq.  ms. 
The  Atchafalaya  bayou  runs  on  its  n.  e.  border. 
Watered  by  Teche  r.  In  its  s.  E.  part  it  is  liable  to 
submersion.  It  contains  Chetimaches  lake  and 
Grand  island  in  its  s.  e.  part.  It  has  some  prairie 
and  some  arable  soil  on  the  banks  of  the  streams, 
which  is  very  fertile.  It  produces  cotton,  Indian 
corn,  rice  and  indigo,  and  peaches  and  figs.  Cat- 
tle are  raised.  Capital,  St.  Martinsville.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  26,930,  sheep  5,054, 
swine  7,297;  Ind.  corn,  96,939  bush,  produced, 
cotton  1,783,283  pounds,  sugar  2,474,700;  39 
stores,  cap.  $294,100;  2  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$18,500 ;  2  tanneries,  1  printing  office.  Cap.  m 
manufac.  $126,000.  1  acad.  26  students,  6  sch. 
110  scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,549,  slaves  4,641, 
free  col'd  484 ;  total,  8,674. 

Saint  Martin's,  p-v.,  Worcester  co.,  Md.,  131 
s.  E.  Annapolis,  171  W. 

Saint  Martinsville,  p-v.,  St.  Martin's  par., 
La.,  178  w.  New  Orleans,  1,281  W.  Situated  on 
the  w.  side  of  Teche  r.  It  is  built  chiefly  on  one 
street,  on  the  elevated  bank  of  the  r.  It  contains 
a  court  house,  a  jail,  a  Roman  Catholic  church, 
and  is  surrounded  by  a  settlement  of  opulent 
planters.     Pop.  about  400. 

Saint  Mathew's,  p-o,  Orangeburg  dist.,  S.  C. 

Saint  Mary's,  r.,  Ga.  and  Flor.,  rises  in  a 
swamp  in  the  s.  part  of  Ware  co.,  Ga.,  and  flow- 
ing s.  for  some  distance,  it  suddenly  turns  n.,  and 
after  a  considerable  distance,  it  takes  an  easterly 
course,  until  it  falls  into  the  Atlantic.  Its  length 
is  105  ms.  It  has  a  depth  of  water,  on  the  bar  at 
its  mouth,  of  13£  feet  at  low  tide,  and  19£  feet  at 
ordinary  high  tide.  It  forms  the  only  good  harbor 
from  the  boundary  of  Ga.  to  Florida  point.  It  is 
susceptible  of  defence.  This  r.  was  formerly  the 
boundary  of  the  United  States. 

Saint  Mary's,  r.,  O.  and  la.,  rises  in  Mercer 
co.,  O.,  and  flows  n.  w.,  and  unites  with  St.  Jo- 
seph's r.,  at  Fort  Wayne,  to  form  Maumee  r. 

Saint  Mary's,  strait,  Mich.,  forms  the  outlet 
of  Lake  Superior,  and  connects  it  with  Lake  Hu- 
ron. It  leaves  Lake  Superior  in  its  s.  e.  part,  and 
?ursues  a  s.  e.  course  for  60  m.,  and  enters  Lake 
luron  by  three  passages — the  E.,  middle,  and  w. 
straits.  It  has  four  large  islands,  Sugar,  Sailors' 
Encampment,  Lime  Kiln,  St.  Joseph's  islands, 
and  Drummond  island,  at  its  mouth,  besides  some 
smaller  ones.  The  usual  ship  channel  is  up  the 
w.  strait,  and  the  navigation  is  difficult,  and  re- 
quires an  experienced  pilot.  Its  general  width 
is  three  fourths  of  a  mile,  and  the  current  If  m. 
an  hour.  It  is  navigable  above  and  below  the 
rapids,  which  are  15  ms.  from  Lake  Superior,  for 
large  vessels.  The  rapids  are  three  fourths  of  a 
m.  long,  and  have  a  fall  of  22  feet  10  inches.  The 
entire  fall  of  the  r.,  from  Lake  Superior  to  its 
mouth,  is  44  feet  8  inches.  A  ship  canal  has  been 
in  contemplation  around  the  falls.  Large  quan- 
tities of  whitefish,  trout,  and  other  fish  are  taken 
in  this  r.,  and  extensively  exported. 

Saint  Mary's,  county,  Md.  Situated  in  the 
s.  w.  part  of  the  state,  between  the  Potomac  and 
Patuxent  rivers,  and  contains  200  sq.  ms.  Several 
short  rivers,  with  broad  estuaries,  flow  into  the 
Potomac  r.  The  largest  of  these  is  the  Wicomico 
r.,  wliich  forms  its  western  boundary  for  some  dis- 
tance. Capital,  Leonardtown.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  10,073,  sheep  11,390,  swine  17,320; 


wheat  68,372  bush,  produced,  rye  1,568,  Ind.  corn 
255,955,  buckwheat  83,  oats  61,862,  potatoes 
11,723;  tobacco  2,872,052  pounds  ;  30  stores,  cap. 
$59,650 ;  1  cotton  fac.  224  sp.,  4  flouring  m.,  24 
grist  m. ;  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $19,000.     4  acad.  54  students, 

12  sch.  351  scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,070,  slaves 
5,761,  free  col'd  1,393;  total,  13,224. 

Saint  Mary's,  parish,  La.  Situated  in  the  s. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  870  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  level,  and  the  soil  fertile,  where  it  is 
not  too  wet  for  cultivation.  Watered  by  Teche  r. 
Chetimaches  lake  lies  on  its  n.  e.  border.  Capi- 
tal, Franklin.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
16,806,  sheep  8,211,  swine  6,403;  Ind.  corn 
153,410  bush,  produced,  potatoes  20,017,  rice 
4,741  pounds,  cotton  1,436,000,  sugar  13,291,000; 

13  stores,  cap.  $112,600;  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m., 
2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $55,600.  8  sch.  110 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,366,  slaves  6,286,  free 
col'd  298  ;  total,  8,950. 

Saint  Mary's,  p-o.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  64  s.  E. 
Harrisburg,  139  W. 

Saint  Mary's,  p-v.,  Mercer  co.,  O.,  105  w.  n.  w. 
Columbus,  498  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  bank  of 
St.  Mary's  r.,  at  the  head  of  boat  navigation  on 
the  r.  It  contains  2  stores,  1  tannery,  1  printing 
office,  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper,  35  dwellings, 
and  about  200  inhabitants.  It  was  formerly  the 
capital  of  the  co. 

Saint  Mary's,  p-v.,  and  port  of  entry,  Camden 
co.,  Ga.,  293  s.  s.  e.  Milledgeville,  802  W.  Situ- 
ated on  St.  Mary's  r.,  7  ms.  from  its  mouth.  It 
has  a  safe  harbor,  and  vessels  requiring  21  feet 
of  water  come  to  its  wharves.  It  contains  a 
Presbyterian  church,  an  academy,  several  stores, 
80  dwellings,  and  about  600  inhabitants.  Ton- 
nage, 1840,  2,754. 

Saint  Mary's,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Ark. 

Saint  Mary's,  p-o.,  Hancock  co.,  111.,  95  w.  N. 
w.  Springfield,  873  W. 

Saint  Mary's  Landing,  p-v.,  St.  Genevieve 
co.,  Mo.,  202  e.  s.  e.  Jefferson  City,  856  W.  Sit- 
uated on  the  w.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  r. 

Saint  Michaels,  r.,  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  flows  10 
ms.  s.,  and  approaches  Tread  Haven  bay,  and 
then  turns  to  the  n.  w.,  and  after  a  course  of 
about  6  ms.  enters  Chesapeake  bay  by  a  broad 
estuary,  opposite  the  s.  part  of  Kent  island. 

Saint  Michaels,  p-v.,  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  57  e. 
Annapolis,  97  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  St. 
Michael's  r. 

Saint  Omer,  p-v.,  Decatur  co.,  la.,  37  s.  E. 
Indianapolis,  560  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of 
Flat  Rock  cr.,  which  affords  water  power.  It 
contains  about  150  inhabitants. 

Saint  Paris,  p-v.,  Johnston  t.,  Champaign  co., 
O.,  57  w.  by  n.  Columbus,  451  W. 

Saint  Patricks,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Ark., 
161  n  w.  Little  Rock,  1,200  W. 

Saint  Paul,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  Ark.,  151  n.  w. 
Little  Rock,  1,207  W. 

Saint  Paul's,  p-o.,  Robeson  co.,  N.  C,  75  s.  s. 
w.  Raleigh,  363  W. 

Saint  Peter's,  p-o.,  St.  Charles  co.,  Mo.,  103 
e.  Jefferson  City,  836  W. 

Saint  Stephens,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Ala., 
149  s.  by  w.  Tuscaloosa,  961  W.  Situated  on 
the  w.  bank  of  Tombigbee  r.,  120  ms.  above  Mo- 
bile, at  the  head  of  schooner  navigation.  It  has 
a  considerable  number  of  houses,  built  chiefly  ot 
stone,  but  wears  the  aspect  of  decay.  It  con- 
tains a  U.  S.  land  office,  several  stores,  and 
about  150  inhabitants. 

Saint  Tammany,  parish,  La.  Situated  in  the 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  972  sq.  ms. 
Lake  Pontchartrain  bounds  it  on  the  s.    Watered 


SAL 


591 


SAL 


by  Chifuncte  r.  Pearl  r.  runs  on  its  k.  border, 
and  Tangipola  r.  on  its  w.  border.  The  surface 
is  uneven  ;  soil,  sterile,  extensively  covered  with 
pine.  Capital,  Covington.  There  were  in  1810, 
neat  cattle  25,000,  steep  1,850,  swine  18,500; 
Ind.  corn  12,150  bush,  prod.,  oats  4,000,  potatoes 
18,350,  rice  987,250  pounds,  cotton  140,000,  sugar 
360,000;  25  stores,  cap.  |235,000  ;  18  grist  m.,  21 
saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,188,879.  2acad.  56  students, 

1  sell.  15  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,353,  slaves 
1,940,  free  col'd  305 ;  total  4,598. 

Saint  Tammany,  p-o.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va., 
97  s.  w.  Richmond,  213  W. 

Saint  Thomas,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  7  w.  by 
s.  Chambersburg,  53  s.  w.  Harrisburg,  98  W. 
The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  slate  with  some  cal- 
careous loam.  Drained  by  Back  cr.  and  its  trib- 
utaries. The  v.  contains  2  churches,  common  to 
several  denominations,  3  stores,  100  dwellings, 
and  about  600  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t. 
4  stores,  cap.  $12,000  ;  1  woollen  fac,  1  furnace, 

2  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  5  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $23,650.  11  sch.  364 
scholars.     Pop.  1,725. 

Salem,  county,  N.  J.  Situated  in  the  s.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  320  sq.  ms.     Or- 

fanized  in  1763.  Bounded  s.  w.  and  N.  w.  by 
)elaware  bay  and  river.  The  surface  is  level ; 
soil,  in  the  n.  and  w.  parts,  clay  and  loam  mixed 
with  sand,  and  fertile.  In  the  s.  E.  part,  the  soil 
is  sandy  and  gravelly,  and  less  fertile.  It  has 
extensive  beds  of  marl.  Watered  by  Oldman's, 
Salem,  Alloway's,  and  Stow  creeks.  Capital, 
Salem.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  11.277, 
sheep  16,486,  swine  26,339 ;  wheat  94,484  bush, 
produced,  rye  36,925,  Ind.  corn  371,984,  buck- 
wheat 30,529,  barley  471,  oats  306,691,  potatoes 
70,644;  48  stores,  cap.  $103,410;  3  woollen  fac, 

4  tanneries,  1  pottery,  17  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.,  1 
printing  office,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $194,398.  2  acad.  71  students,  43  sch. 
11,155  scholars.    Pop.  16,024, 

Salem,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  52  n.  n.  w.  Au- 

fusta,  642  W.  Watered  by  a  branch  of  Seven 
lile  brook.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain. 
Incorporated  in  1823.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $600  ; 
1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,400. 

5  sch.  256  scholars.     Pop.  561. 

Salem,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.,  37  s.  s.  E. 
Concord,  458  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil, 
generally  fertile.  It  has  a  pond  in  the  w.,  and 
another  in  the  s.  E.  part.  Watered  by  Spiggotr. 
and  its  branches,  which  afford  water  power.  It 
has  4  stores,  cap.  $6,700 ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  woollen 
fac,  5  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$32,800,     10  sch.  467  scholars.     Pop.  1,408. 

Salem,  p-t.,  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  62  n.  n.  e.  Mont- 
pelier,  578  W,  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  fer- 
tile. South  bay  of  Lake  Memphremagog  lies  on 
its  N.  w.  border.  Watered  by  Clyde  r.,  which 
passes  through  a  considerable  pond  on  its  n.  e. 
border,  and  enters  Lake  Memphremagog  in  Der- 
by. Chartered  in  1781.  First  settled  in  1798. 
Pop.  299. 

Salem,  city,  port  of  entry,  and  one  of  the  cap- 
itals of  Essex  co.,  Mass.  Situated  in  42°  34'  n. 
lat.,  and  70°  5'  w.  Ion.  from  Greenwich,  and  in  6° 
E.  Ion.  from  Washington.  It  is  14  N.  n.  w.  from 
Boston,  and  454  n.  e.  W.  The  population  in 
1810,  was  12,613;  1820,  12,731 ;  in  1830,  13,886; 
in  1840,  15,082.  Employed  in  commerce,  237 ; 
manufactures  and  trades,  1,188  ;  navigating  the 
ocean,  1,301 ;  learned  professions,  &c,  52. 

It  is  chiefly  built  on  a  tongue  of  land  formed 
by  2  inlets  from  the  sea,  called  North  and  South 
rivers,  over  the  former  of  which  is  a  bridge,  up- 


wards of  1,500  feet  long,  connecting  it  with  Be- 
verly, and  the  latter  forms  the  harbor.  The  har- 
bor has  good  anchorage  ground,  but  vessels 
drawing  more  than  IS  or  14  feet  of  water  must 
be  partially  unloaded  before  they  can  come  to  iis 
wharves.  The  situation  of  Salem  is  low,  but  it 
is  pleasant  and  healthy.  It  is  well  built,  and 
latterly  most  of  the  houses  which  have  been 
erected,  are  of  brick,  and  many  of  them  art  tatte- 
ful  and  elegant.  The  compact  part  of  Salem  is 
about  one  and  a  half  miles  long,  and  half  a  milo 
wide.  The  streets  are  irregular,  having  been 
originally  laid  out  without  much  regard  to  sym- 
metry and  beauty.  In  the  northern  part  of  the 
town  there  is  an  elegant  public  square  or  com- 
mon, containing  about  10  acres,  surrounded  by  a 
handsome  public  walk,  ornamented  with  rows  of 
trees.  An  aqueduct  supplies  the  city  with  an 
abundance  of  excellent  spring  water.  Salem 
was  long  the  second  town  in  New  England  in 
wealth,  commerce,  and  population;  but  Provi- 
dence and  Lowell  now  exceed  it  in  population, 
and  New  Bedford  in  shipping.  It  was  long  dis- 
tinguished for  its  East  India  trade,  by  which  it 
was  greatly  enriched ;  but  this  branch  of  com- 
merce, though  still  carried  on,  is  less  extensive 
than  formerly.  On  a  peninsula  below  the  town 
are  Fort  Pickering  and  Fort  Lee ;  and  on  Baker's 
island  there  is  a  light-house.  The  tonnage  of 
this  port  in  1840,  was  37.020. 

Among  the  public  buildings  are  a  court  house, 
a  jail,  an  almshouse,  a  market  house,  an  East 
India  Marine  Museum,  and  a  Lyceum.  It  has  9 
banks,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $2,000,000 ; 
6  insurance  companies,  with  a  total  capital  of 
$950,000 ;  a  marine  insurance  company,  and  an 
institution  for  savings.  There  are  2  public  libra- 
ries, an  atheneum  containing  10,000  volumes,  and 
a  mechanics'  library,  containing  1,200  volumes. 
There  are  16  churches — 1  Unitarian,  4  Congre- 
gational, 2  Baptist,  1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist,  1 
Christian,  1  Roman  Catholic,  1  Friends,  and  1 
Universalist. 

Among  the  public  institutions  is  a  society  form- 
ed of  those  who,  as  captains  or  supercargoes, 
have  doubled  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  or  Cape 
Horn,  formed  in  1801,  for  the  relief,  when  neces- 
sary, of  the  families  of  its  members,  and  for  ad- 
vancing the  knowledge  necessary  for  the  East 
India  trade.  It  has  a  splendid  museum,  consist- 
ing of  curiosities  collected  from  all  parts  of  the 
world.  To  this  museum  strangers  have  free  ac- 
cess when  introduced  by  a  member. 

There  were  in  1840, 45  commercial  houses ;  80 
retail  stores,  with  a  cap.  of  $430,000 ;  capital  in- 
vested in  the  fisheries,  $200,000;  17  tanneries, 
cap.  $75,000  ;  4  distilleries,  cap.  $35,000  ;  paints, 
drugs,  &c,  cap.  $140,000;  4  ropewalks,  cap. 
$83,000 ;  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  cap.  $50,000 ;  3 
printing  offices,  2  weekly  and  2  semi-weekly 
newspapers,  cap.  $9,000.  Total  cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $1,439,000.  1  acad.  32  students,  77  sch. 
2,965  scholars. 

Next  to  Plymouth,  Salem  is  the  oldest  place  in 
the  state,  having  been  settled  in  1628.  Its  Indian 
name  was  Naumkeag  or  Naumkeek,  by  which  it 
was  designated  in  early  times.  The  territory, 
which  originally  included  Danvers,  Beverly,  and 
Marblehead,  was  purchased  of  the  Plymouth 
colony  by  a  company  in  England,  and  was  set- 
tled by  a  colony  under  John  Endicott,  as  agent, 
and  John  Winthrop  was  its  first  governor,  ap- 
pointed by  the  company  in  England.  This  col- 
ony so  increased  that  in  a  few  years  Boston, 
Charlestown,  and  Dorchester,  were  settled  by 
emigrants  from  it.  In  1692,  the  celebrated  delu- 
sion denominated  "  the  Salem  witchcraft"  pre- 


SAL 


59: 


SAL 


vailed,  and  19  persons  were  hanged  as  witches, 
in  this  and  some  neighboring  towns,  including 
Charlestown  and  Boston.  The  first  trial  was  of 
a  person  living  in  what  is  nowDanvers,  and  the 
house  is  still  standing  in  Salem  in  which  the 
trials  were  held,  and  the  place  of  execution  is 
now  denominated  "gallows  hill,"  from  which 
now  peaceful  spot  the  most  delightful  view  of 
the  city  is  obtained.  At  length  this  severity  was 
condemned,  and  the  occasion  of  it  was  pronounced 
a  delusion.  These  colonists  undoubtedly  erred 
exceedingly,  but  their  error  belonged  to  the  age. 
The  English  laws  at  the  time  recognized  witch- 
craft as  a  capital  offence,  and  these  laws  were 
sanctioned  by  such  men  as  the  learned  and  up- 
right judge,  Sir  Matthew  Hale. 

Salem  was  distinguished  as  the  early  supporter 
of  the  American  Revolution.  On  the  closing  of 
the  port  of  Boston,  the  general  court  was  remov- 
ed to  this  place,  and  General  Gage  hoped  that 
the  inhabitants  would  be  conciliated  by  the  pros- 
pect of  increasing  prosperity.  But  by  a  unani- 
mous vote  in  a  public  town  meeting  they  gave 
him  to  understand  that  they  disdained  to  flourish 
on  the  ruin  of  Boston,  and  they  offered  resistance 
to  an  attempt  to  seize  some  military  stores  be- 
fore the  battle  of  Lexington.  During  the  revolu- 
tionary war  Salem  was  distinguished  for  the 
number,  boldness,  and  success  of  its  privateers, 
amounting  to  60  vessels,  manned  by  4,000  men. 

Salem  became  a  city  in  1836.  The  railroad 
from  Salem  to  Boston  was  opened  in  1838,  and  is 
passed  in  50  minutes. 

Salem,  p-t.,  New  London  co.,  Ct.,  30  s.  E. 
Hartford,  354W.  It  was  taken  chiefly  from  Col- 
chester, and  incorporated  in  1819.  The  soil  is 
generally  fertile.  Watered  by  a  stream  which 
flows  into  Connecticut  r.  in  Lyme.  Gardner's 
lake  lies  on  its  n.  e.  border.  It  contains  4  church- 
es— 1  Congregational,  1  Methodist,  1  Episcopal, 
and  1  Baptist.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,100;  1 
tannery,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$1,000.    7  sch.  297  scholars.    Pop.  811. 

Salem,  p-t.,  and  semi-capital  of  Washington 
co.,  N.  Y.,  46  n.  n.  e.  Albany,  416  W.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  and  hilly  ;  soil,  sandy  and  clay 
loam,  and  well  cultivated.  Drained  by  Black 
and  White  creeks,  branches  of  Battenkill  river, 
which  afford  water  power.  The  v.  is  pleasantly 
situated  in  a  valley,  on  White  cr.,  and  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Associate 
Reformed  church,  Washington  academy,  5  stores, 
1  grist  m.,  1  furnace,  1  machine  shop,  100  dwell- 
ings, many  of  them  neat,  and  about  700  inhabit- 
ants. The  great  northern  turnpike  from  Lansing- 
burg,  one  of  the  best  roads  in  the  country,  passes 
through  it,  and  it  is  a  great  thoroughfare.  There 
are  in  the  t.  11  stores,  cap.  $41,400;  1  fulling  m., 
1  woollen  fac,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  news- 
paper, 5  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac. 
$31,255.  1  acad.  50  students,  22  sch.  731  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  2,855. 

Salem,  v.,  Portland  t.,  Chautauque  co.,  N.  Y. 
It  contains  1  church,  1  store,  1  grist  m.,  1  tannery, 
and  about  30  dwellings. 

Salem,  p-t.,  and  capital  of  Salem  co.,  N.  .1.,  64 
s.  Trenton,  175  W.  The  soil  is  a  fertile  sandy 
loam.  Watered  by  Salem  cr.  and  its  tributaries. 
The  v.  is  situated  on  Salem  cr.,  3£  miles  from  its 
mouth  in  Delaware  bay,  and  contains  a  fine 
brick  court  house,  60  by  40  feet,  with  fire  proof 
brick  county  offices  adjacent,  a  stone  jail,  7 
churches — 1  Episcopal,  1  Presbyterian,  1  Meth- 
odist, 1  Baptist,  2  Friends,  (1  Orthodox  and  1 
Hicksite,)  and  1  African  Methodist — 1  market 
house,  1  bank,  1  academy,  2  printing  offices, 
each  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper,  26  stores,  3 


lumber  yards,  1  steam  grist  m.,  1  horse  m.,  and 
about  250  dwellings.  A  steamboat  runs  daily  to 
Delaware  city  and  Newcastle,  and  connects  with 
one  from  Philadelphia.  Vessels  of  50  tons  come 
up  to  the  v.,  but  a  bar  at  the  mouth  of  the  creek 
has  but  8  feet  water.  There  is  a  draw-bridge 
over  the  cr.  This  was  the  first  place  settled  in 
West  Jersey,  having  been  founded  in  1675. 
There  are  in  the  t.  17  stores,  captial  $47,490 ;  2 
lumber  yards,  cap.  $23,000 ;  2  tanneries,  1  pot- 
tery, 1  printing  office,  2  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap!  in  manufac.  $39,996.  2  acad.  71  students, 
4  sch.  130  scholars.     Pop.   2,007. 

Salem,  p-t.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  241  w.  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  296  W.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil, 
clay  and  loam.  Watered  by  Little  Shenango 
and  Crooked  creeks,  which  unite  in  its  w.  part, 
and  flow  into  Big  Shenango  cr.  It  has  1  fulling 
m.,  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2  grist  m.,  13  saw  m., 
1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,600.  13  sch.  569 
scholars.     Pop.  1,980. 

Salem,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  Pa.  Drained  by  Waul- 
lenpapack  cr.  It  has  7  sch.  190  scholars.  Pop. 
849. 

Salem,  t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $6,500 ;  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $11,800.  6  sch.  218  scholars.  Pop.  1,009. 
Salem,  t.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.  It  has  Loyal- 
hanna  r.  on  the  e.  Drained  by  Beaver  Dam  r. 
The  borough  contains  204  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.  10  sch.  300  scholars.     Pop.  1,892. 

Salem,  p-v.,  capital  of  Roanoke  co.,  Va.,  178 
w.  Richmond,  246  W.  Situated  on  Roanoke  r. 
It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  1  store,  and  about 
250  inhabitants. 

Salem,  p-v.,  Stokes  co.,  N.  C,  109  w.  by  n. 
Raleigh,  320  W.  It  is  a  neat  Moravian  v.,  situ- 
ated on  a  small  branch  of  Yadkin  r.,  built  mostly 
on  a  single  street,  II  mile  long,  shaded  with  trees. 
The  houses  are  chiefly  of  brick.  It  contains  a 
church,  a  Moravian  female  academy,  of  celebrity, 
which  has  4  brick  buildings,  4  stories  high,  situ- 
ated on  a  fine  public  square,  a  branch  of  Cape 
Fear  Bank  at  Wilmington,  a  cotton  fac,  a  paper 
fac,  a  printing  office,  4  stores,  and  about  1,000 
inhabitants. 

Salem,  p-v.,  Sumter  dist.,  S.  C,  91  e.  Colum- 
bia, 507  W.     Situated  on  E.  side  of  Black  r. 

Salem,  p-v.,  Clarke  co.,  Ga.,  58  n.  by  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  615  W.  It  contains  1  Methodist 
church,  an  academy,  2  stores,  1  tannery,  and 
about  30  dwellings. 

Salem,  p-v.,  Russell  co.,  Ala.,  180  e.  s.  e.  Tus- 
caloosa, 775  W. 

Salem,  p-v.,  Tippah  co.,  Miss.,  208  n.  n.  e 
Jackson,  882  W. 

Salem,  p-v.,  Franklin  co.,  Tenn.,  104  s.  s.  E. 
Nashville,  674  W. 

Salem,  p-v.,  capital  of  Crittenden  co.,  Ky.,  249 
w.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  781  W.  Situated  between 
the  Ohio  and  Cumberland  rivers,  and  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  3  stores,  1  school  25  scholars. 
Pop.  233. 

Salem,  p-t.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.,  167  e.  n.  e. 
Columbus,  289  W.  It  contains  the  villages  of 
Washingtonville  and  Franklin  Square.  It  has  10 
sch.  324  scholars.     Pop.  1,900. 

Salem,  v.,  Perry  t.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.  It 
has  4  sch.  339  scholars.     Pop.  842. 

Salem,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  O.  It  has  2  sch.  40 
scholars.     Pop.  900. 

Salem,  t.,  Champaign  co.,  O.  It  has  1  tannery, 
2  flouring  m.,  1  sch.  47  scholars.     Pop.  1,402. 

Salem,  t.,  Highland  co.,  O.  It  has  6  sch.  233 
scholars.     Pop.  2,004. 

Salem,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  O.  It  contains  several 
villages.    It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $10,400;  2  tan 


SAL 


593 


SAL 


neries,  1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufae.  $4,200.  G 
sch.  375  scholars.     Pop.  2,044. 

Salem,  t.,  Meigs  co.,  O.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufae.  $550.  6  schools  277 
scholars.     Pop.  940. 

Salem,  t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.     Pop.  1,002. 

Salem,  t.,  Ottawa  co.,  O.    Pop.  104. 

Salem,  t.,  Shelby  co.,  O.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$5,350  ;  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  3 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufae.  $2,575.  2  schools  51 
scholars.     Pop.  1,158. 

Salem,  t.,  Tuscarawas  co.,  O.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $2,700;  2  com.  houses,  cap.  $1,500;  2  grist 
m.,  4  saw  m.,  5  sch.  415  scholars.     Poo.  1,121. 

Salem,  t.,  Washington  co.,  O.  It  has  6  sch. 
250  scholars.     Pop.  881. 

Salem,  t.,  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1  fur- 
nace, 2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufae.  $1,300.  Pop. 
1,364. 

Salem,  t.,  Steuben  co.,  la.  It  has  2  sch.  45 
scholars.     Pop.  190. 

Salem,  t.,  Washington  co.,  la.  It  has  2  acad. 
96  students,  2  sch.  76  scholars.     Pop.  1,083. 

S  w.em,  p-v.,  capital  of  Washington  co.,  la.,  93 
s.  Indianapolis,  604  W.  Situated  on  the  head 
waters  of  Blue  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  market  house,  a  county  seminary,  2  church- 
es_l  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist— 12  stores, 
2  printing  offices,  1  grist  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  cotton  fac, 
1  woollen  fac,  all  moved  by  steam,  and  various 
other  mills  and  manufactories,  and  about  1,500 
inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  2  academies  96 
students.    Pop.  1,083. 

Salem,  p-v.,  capital  of  Marion  co.,  111.,  108  s. 
s.  e.  Springfield,  760  W.  Situated  on  the  border 
of  the  Grand  prairie,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  and  about  40  dwellings. 

Salem,  p-v.,  Racine  co.,  Wis.,  90  e.  Madison, 
775  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  shore  of  Lake  Mich- 
igan. 

Salem,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  Iowa.  Situated  on  a 
beautiful  prairie,  and  contains  1  Friends  church, 
several  stores,  various  mechanic  shops,  and  about 
1,000  inhabitants.  Incorporated  in  1839.  Settled 
by  a  society  of  Friends,  who  originated  from 
Salem,  N.  J.,  built  up  Salem,  O.,  then  Salem,  la., 
and  lastly  founded  Salem,  Iowa,  in  1831. 

Salem,  p-v.,  Benton  co.,  Mo.,  104  s.  w.  Jeffer- 
son City,  1,040  W. 

Salem,  p-v.,  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  115  n.  by  w. 
Richmond,  59  W.  It  contains  1  church,  common 
to  several  denominations,  an  academy,  3  stores, 
and  about  40  dwellings. 

Svlem  Centre,  p-v.,  North  Salem  t.,  West- 
chester co.,  N.  Y.,  115  s.  Albany,  279  W. 

Salem  Church,  p-v.,  Randolph  co.,  N.  C,  121 
w.  Raleigh,  389  W. 

Salem  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Portland  t.,  Chau- 
tauque  co.,  N.  Y.,  330  w.  by  s.  Albany,  352  W. 

Salem  Cross  Roads,  p-v.,  Westmoreland  co., 
Pa.,  180  w.  Harrisburg,  2)5  W.  Situated  on  w. 
side  of  Beaver  Dam  cr.,  Salem  t. 

Salfordville,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa..  85 
e.  Harrisburg,  170  W. 

Salina,  p-t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N.  Y.,  133  w.  by 
N.  Albany,  350  W.  The  surface  is  rolling ;  sod, 
clay  and  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  Onondaga 
cr.,  and  other  streams,  flowing  into  Onondaga 
lake.  It  contains  the  most  celebrated  salt  springs 
in  the  state.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  K.  end  of 
Onondaga  lake,  and  contains  3  churches — 1  Pres- 
byterian, 1  Methodist,  and  1  Roman  Catholic— 1 
bauking  house,  20  stores  and  groceries,  1  flouring 
m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  machine  shop,  1  furnace,  and 
large  salt  manufactories,  in  which  1,107,825  bush- 
els were  manufactured  in  lr<40,  being  nearly  one 
half  of  what  was  manufactured  in  the  t.  The 
75 


salt  springs  are  owned  by  the  state,  which  re- 
ceives a  duty  of  6  cents  a  bushel  from  the  manu- 
facturers. There  were  manufactured  3^28,305 
bushels  of  salt  in  1840  in  the  t.  It  has  3  acad. 
150  students,  21  sch.  1,848  scholars.     Pop.  1 1,013. 

Salina,  p-v.,  Jefferson  co.,  Ky.,  65  w.  Frank- 
fort, 605  W. 

Saline,  r.,  La.,  rises  in  Claiborne  parish,  and 
flowing  s.  w.  50  ms.,  falls  into  Black  Lake  r.,  8 
ms.  n.  e.  Natchitoches. 

Saline,  r.,  Ark.,  rises  20  s.  w.  Little  Roek, 
and,  after  a  southerly  course  of  50  ms.,  falls  into 
Wachitta  r. 

Saline,  t.,  Hot  Springs  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  361. 

Saline,  r.,  111.,  is  formed  by  the  junction  of 
N.,  s.,  and  middle  forks,  near  Equality,  and  enters 
the  Ohio  12  ms.  below  Shawneetown.  It  is  a 
navigable  stream,  and  contains  several  extensive 
salt  works  on  its  borders. 

Saline,  cr.,  Mo.,  a  small  stream  which  enters 
the  Mississippi  r.,  near  the  s.  E.  corner  of  St. 
Genevieve  co.  Salt  spring  are  numerous  on  its 
banks,  and  salt  has  been  manufactured  here. 

Saline,  county,  Mo.  Situated  a  little  n.  w. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  820  square 
miles.  The  surface  is  undulating,  containing 
timber  and  prairie  ;  soil,  very  fertile.  The  .Mis- 
souri flows  on  its  N.  and  e.  boundary.  Watered 
by  La  Mine  r.  Capital,  Jonesboro'.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,176,  sheep  5,798,  swine 
2,475  ;  wheat  24,677  bushels  produced,  Indian 
corn  304,095,  oats  36,763,  potatoes  11,858,  to- 
bacco 17,250  pounds  ;  2  commission  houses,  cap. 
$3,000  ;  10  stores,  cap.  $50,500  ;  6  distilleries,  2 
flouring  m.,  12  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fae $19,668.  14  sch.  303  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
3,635,  slaves  1,615,  free  col'd  8  ;  total,  5,258. 

Saline,  county,  Ark.  Situated  near  the  cen- 
tre of  the  state,  and  contains  720  sq.  ms.  Saline 
r.  runs  on  its  s.  w.  border.  Drained  by  Hurri- 
cane r.  Capital,  Benton.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  1,530,  sheep  273,  swine  3,850 ;  wheat 
598  bushels  produced,  Indian  corn  9,500,  oats 
1,690,  potatoes  4,200,  tobacco  940  pounds,  cotton 
64,500 ;  3  stores,  cap.  $8,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  dis- 
tillery, 5  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufae 
$1,900.  1  sch.  36  scholars.  Pop.  whites  1,662, 
slaves  399;  total,  2,061. 

Saline,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  O.     Pop.  963. 

Saline,  p-t.,  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  40  w. 
Detroit,  517  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to 
grain.     Pop.  1,390. 

Saline,  p-o.,  Ralls  co.,  Mo.,  98  n.  e.  Jefferson 
City,  929  W. 

Saline,  t.,  Sevier  co.,  Ark.  It  has  2  sch.  51 
scholars.     Pop.  354. 

Saline,  t.,  Hempstead  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1  acad. 
40  students,  1  sch.  36  scholars.     Pop.  1,192. 

Saline  Rock,  p-o.,  Wood  co.,  Va.,  327  w.  N. 
w.  Richmond,  296  W. 

Salineville,  p-o.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.,  141  N. 
E.Columbus,  233 W. 

Salisbury,  p-t.,  Merrimac  co.,  N.  H,  16  n.  n. 
w.  Concord,  491  W.  The  surface  is  various. 
Kearsarge  mountain  lies  in  its  w.  part.  The  soil 
is  ferule,  especially  on  the  streams.  On  the 
hills  it  is  adapted  to  grazing.  Merrimac  r.  bounds 
it  on  the  E.  Drained  by  Blackwater  r.,  which 
passes  through  a  pond  in  its  n.  part.,  and  flows  s. 
into  Contoocook  r.  Chartered  in  1768.  In  the  s. 
part  of  the  t.  is  a  pleasant  v.,  containing  a  Con- 
gregational church  and  an  academy ;  and  about 
H  m.  N.  w.  is  another  small  v.,  which  contains  a 
,  Baptist  church.  This  t.  was  the  birthplace  of 
!  the  Hon.  Daniel  Webster.  There  are  in  the  t.  3 
!  stores,  cap.  $21,500 :  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2 
I  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufae  $7,900     1 


SAL 


594 


SAL 


acad.  65  students,  10  sch.  342  scholars.    Pop. 
1,329. 

Salisbbury,  p-t.,  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  69  s.  w. 
Montpelier,  481  W.  The  surface  is  uneven; 
soil,  generally  fertile,  especially  on  the  streams. 
Otter  cr.  bounds  it  on  the  w.  Watered  by  Mid- 
dlebury  r.,  and  Lake  Dunmore,  which  is  4  miles 
long,  and  from  one  half  to  three  fourths  of  a  mile 
wide,  the  outlet  of  which,  called  Leicester  river, 
affords  good  water  power.  It  has  a  Congrega- 
tional and  a  Methodist  church.  Chartered  in 
1761.  First  settled  by  an  heroic  woman,  Mrs. 
Story,  with  a  family  of  8  or  10  children,  in  1775, 
for  which  she  received  100  acres  of  land.  There 
is  a  small  manufacturing  v.  at  the  outlet  of  the 
lake.  There  are  in  the  t.  2  stores,  cap.  $13,000; 
1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  forge,  1  glass  fac, 
1  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $34,000. 
10  sch.  440  scholars.     Pop.  942. 

Salisbury,  p-t.,  Essex  county,  Mass.,  42  n.  n. 
e.  Boston,  477  W.  The  Atlantic  bounds  it  on 
the  E.,  Merrimac  r.  on  the  s.,  and  Powow  r.  on 
the  w.  The  surface  is  uneven,  excepting,  in  the 
E.,  where  there  is  an  extensive  beach,  and  some 
salt  marsh.  The  soil  is  generally  fertile.  It 
contains  6  churches — 2  Congregational,  1  Bap- 
tist, 1  Methodist,  1  Christian,  and  1  Universalist. 
There  are  3  villages — one  opposite  to  Newbury  - 
port,  one  at  the  junction  of  Powow  and  Merri- 
mac rivers,  where  ship  building  has  been  carried 
on,  and  one  on  Powow  r.,  called  Mills  v.,  where 
are  considerable  manufactures.  The  railroad 
from  Boston  to  Portsmouth  passes  through  this 
t.  There  are  in  the  t.  23  stores,  cap.  $13,650 ; 
16  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  3  tanneries,  1  print- 
ing office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  3  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $561,450.  11  sch.  658 
scholars.    Pop.  2,739. 

Salisbury,  p-t.,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct,  53  w.  Hart- 
ford, 337  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil,  gene- 
rally fertile,  parts  of  it  well  adapted  to  grain,  and 
others  to  grazing.  The  Housatonic  river  runs 
on  its  E.  border,  and  between  this  t.  and  Canaan 
has  a  perpendicular  fall  of  60  feet,  affording  great 
water  power.  Watered  by  Salmon  r.  There 
are  several  ponds  in  the  t.,  2  connected  together 
toward  the  n.  e.,  1  toward  the  n.  w.,  and  Fur- 
nace pond  toward  the  s.,  the  outlets  of  which 
afford  water  power.  The  v.  at  the  centre  con- 
tains 1  Congregational  and  1  Episcopal  church, 
and  a  number  of  dwellings.  Furnace  v.,  at  the 
outlet  of  Furnace  pond,  contains  a  Methodist 
church  and  a  number  of  neat  dwellings,  and  is  a 
place  of  considerable  business.  In  the  w.  part 
of  the  t.,  on  the  New  York  line,  is  a  valuable  bed 
of  iron  ore  of  an  excellent  quality.  First  settled 
in  1720.  Incorporated  in  1741.  It  has  7  stores, 
cap.  $29,500 ;  3  furnaces,  10  forges,  2  tanneries, 
3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $33,950.  1 
acad.  15  students,  13  sch.  695  scholars.  Pop.  2,561 . 

Salisbury,  p-t.,  Herkimer  co.,  N.  Y.,  73  w.  n. 
w.  Albany,  413  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
mountainous,  with  some  broad  valleys;  soil, 
sandy  and  clay  loam.  Drained  by  East  Canada 
creek,  and  tributaries  of  West  Canada  creek. 
The  village  at  the  centre  is  on  Spruce  cr.,  and 
contains  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  tannery,  and  30 
or  40  dwellings.  Salisbury  village  lies  7  miles 
N.  by  E.  Little  falls,  and  contains  2  churches,  3 
stores,  40  dwellings,  and  about  250  inhabit- 
ants. An  extensive  bed  of  magnetic  iron  ore  has 
been  found  3  miles  n.  of  this  place.  There  are 
in  the  t.  7  stores,  cap.  $31,630 ;  4  lumber  yards, 
cap.  $2,500 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  forge,  3  tanneries, 
1  paper  fac,  1  printing  office,  4  grist  m.,  11  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $56,130.  14  sch.  507  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,859. 


Salisbury,  p-t.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  16  e.  Lan- 
caster, 51  Harrisburg,  121  W.  The  surface  ia 
rolling ;  soil,  calcareous  loam.  Drained  by  Pic- 
quea  cr.,  which  affords  water  power.  The  p-v. 
contains  8  or  10  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t. 
9  stores,  cap.  $35,000;  1  forge,  1  distillery,  1 
brewery,  2  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $6,000.  10  sch.  390  scholars.  Pop. 
3,959. 

Salisbury,  t.,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $10,000;  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  3  flouring 
m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $70,050.  1  sch. 
40  scholars.     Pop.  1,438. 

Salisbury,  p-v.,  Somerset  co.,  Md.,  95  s.  s.  E. 
Annapolis,  135  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of 
Wicomico  r.,  and  contains  2  stores  and  about 
250  inhabitants. 

Salisbury,  p-v.,  capital  of  Rowan  co.,  N.  C, 
118  w.  Raleigh,  355  W.  Situated  on  a  branch 
of  Yadkin  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a 
church  and  an  academy,  and  about  700  inhabit- 
ants. Here  is  an  ancient  stone  wall,  laid  in  ce- 
ment, and  plastered  on  both  sides,  from  12  to  14 
feet  high,  22  inches  thick,  which  reaches  to  with- 
in a  foot  of  the  surface,  and  the  length  of  what 
has  been  discovered  is  about  300  feet.  A  simi- 
lar wall  has  been  discovered  6  miles  from  the 
first,  4  or  5  feet  high,  and  7  inches  thick.  Their 
origin  can  only  be  a  matter  of  conjecture. 

Salisbury,  p-t.,  Meigs  co.,  O.,  98  s.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 346  W.  Ohio  r.  bounds  it  on  the  s.  It 
contains  a  church  and  salt  works,  which  produce 
about  500  barrels  per  week.  It  has  extensive 
beds  of  bituminous  coal.  The  surface  has  a 
southern  declivity;  soil,  very  fertile.  It  has  8 
stores,  cap.  $10,500;  2  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  5 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $67,320.  9  sch.  286 
scholars.     Pop.  1,509. 

Salisbury,  p-v.,  Sangamon  co.,  111.,  10  n.  w. 
Springfield,  790  W.  Situated  on  a  small  branch 
of  Sangamon  r. 

Salisbury  Centre,  p-v.,  Salisbury  t.,  Herki- 
mer co.,  N.  Y.,  75  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  405  W. 
(See  Salisbury. ) 

Salisbury  Mills,  p-v.,  Blooming  Grove  t.t 
Orange  co.,  N.  Y.,  93  s.  by  w.  Albany,  287  W. 
It  contains  3  stores,  1  paper  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw 
m.,  1  plaster  m.,  1  tannery,  and  about  25  dwell- 
ings. 

Salmon  Creek,  p-o.,  Sodus  t.,  Wayne  co., 
N.  Y.,  196  w.  by  n.  Albany,  367  W. 

Salmon,  r.,  Ct.,  rises  in  the  s.  part  of  Tolland 
co.,  and  flows  into  Connecticut  r.,  in  e.  Haddam. 
It  has  falls  which  afford  good  water  power,  and 
is  navigable  a  short  distance  from  its  mouth. 

Salmon  r.,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Lewis  co.,  and 
flows  through  Oswego  county  into  Mexico  bay, 
which  sets  up  from  Lake  Ontario.  It  has  a  pretty 
good  harbor  at  its  mouth,  and  is  boatable,  in  high 
water,  14  miles,  to  the  falls  in  Orwell.  At  these 
falls  the  r.  has  a  perpendicular  descent  of  107 
feet,  being  250  feet  wide  at  high  water,  and  half 
that  at  low  water.  The  rocky  strata  consist  of 
slate  and  granite,  or  gneiss,  and  the  height  of 
banks  above  is  from  80  to  90  feet,  and  below  the 
falls  200  feet  of  perpendicular  rock.  The  water 
is  very  deep  at  the  foot  of  the  fall,  and  salmon 
trout  and  other  fish  are  here  taken. 

Salmon  River,  p-o.,  Albion  t.,  Oswego  co., 
N.  Y. 

Salmon  Falls,  r.,  N.  II.,  the  name  of  the 
Piscataqua  r.  above  the  great  falls  in  Berwick. 

Salona,  p  o.,  Clinton  co.,  Pa. 

Salona,  p-o.,  Racine  co.,  Wis.,  117  E.  s.  E. 
Madison,  762  W. 

Salonia,  p-v.,  Greene  co.,  Ky. 

Salt  Creek,  p-t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.,  65  e. 


SAL 


595 


SAN 


Columbus,  350  W.  It  has  2  churches,  and  sev- 
eral salt  fac.     Pop.  1,252. 

Salt  Crekk,  t.,  Holmes  co.,  O.  It  has  cap. 
in  manufac.  $1,700.  1  sch.  37  scholars.  Pop. 
1,739. 

Salt  Creek,  t.,  Hocking  co.,  O.  A  branch 
of  Scioto  Salt  cr.  runs  through  it.  It  has  2  sch. 
48  scholars.     Pop.  821. 

Salt  Creek,  t.,  Marion  co.,  ().  It  has  1  tan- 
nery, 1  pottery,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  and 
1  semi-weekly  newspaper,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,200.  4  sch.  170 
scholars.    Pop.  607. 

Salt  Creek,  t.,  Pickaway  co.,  O.  It  has  6 
stores,  cap.  $10,600;  4  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1 
fulling  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,100. 
5  sch.  153  scholars.     Pop.  1,814. 

Salt  Creek,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  O.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $4,800;  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  3 
saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,455.  1 
sch.  82  scholars.     Pop.  1,461. 

Salt  Creek,  p-o.,  Porter  co.,  la. 

Salt  Fork,  p-o.,  Vermilion  co.,  la. 

Saltlick,  t.,  Fayette  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $1,500;  1  furnace,  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1 
distillery,  4  grist  m.,  15  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $250.     5  sch.  143  scholars.     Pop.  1,911. 

Salt  Lick,  t.,  Perry  co.,  O.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $4,000 ;  3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $1,400.    6  sch.  200  scholars.     Pop.  1,243. 

Salt  Lick  Creek,  p-o.,  Smith  co.,  Tenn.,  71 
K.  Nashville,  657  W. 

Salt  Point,  p-o.,  Pleasant  Valley  t.,  Dutchess 
co.,  N.  Y.,  74  s.  Albany,  311  W. 

Salt,  r.,  Ky.,  rises  in  Mercer  co.,  and  flowing 
n.  into  Anderson  co.,  it  turns  w.  and  enters  the 
Ohio  at  West  Point,  between  Jefferson  and  Har- 
din counties,  20  ms.  below  Louisville.  It  is  200 
yards  wide  at  its  mouth,  and  boatable  150  ms. 
Fifteen  ms.  from  its  mouth  it  receives  on  the  s. 
side  a  branch  nearly  as  large  as  itself,  called  the 
Rolling  Fork,  which  last,  receives  in  Nelson  co. 
a  large  branch  called  Beechy  Fork.  All  these 
branches  of  Salt  r.,  though  diverging  widely, 
rise  near  each  other.  These  streams  water 
some  of  the  most  fertile  portions  of  the  state. 

Salt,  r.,  Mo.,  rises  in  Iowa  ter.  and  flows  s., 
inclining  e.,  to  the  border  of  Ralls  co.,  when  it 
pursues  a  very  winding  course  n.  e.,  and  then 
turns  s.  E.  until  it  joins  the  Mississippi,  85  ms. 
above  the  Missouri.  It  is  navigable  to  some 
extent. 

Salt  River,  p-o.,  Audrain  co.,  Mo.,  58  n.  by 
E.  Jefferson  City,  930  W. 

Saltsburg,  p-v.,  Conemaugh  t.,  Indiana  co., 
Pa.,  179  w.  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  205  W.  Situated 
on  the  e.  bank  of  Conemaugh  r.,  and  contains  1 
church,  4  stores,  cap.  $16,000;  2  tanneries,  4 

frist  m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,080. 
'op.  339.  There  are  many  salt  works  in  the 
vicinity. 

Salt  Springville,  p-o.,  Canajoharie  t.,  Mont- 
gomery co.,  N.  Y.,  63  w.  Albany,  381  W. 

Salt  Sulphur  Springs,  p-o.,  Monroe  co., 
Va.,  232  w.  Richmond,  269  W.  The  estate  on 
which  these  springs  are  located  contains  1  church 
free  to  all  denominations,  and  90  inhabitants,  52 
whites  and  38  blacks.  Here  are  ample  accom- 
modations for  300  visiters.  The  springs  possess 
valuable  properties. 

Saltville,  p-v.,  Smyth  co.,  Va.,  288  w.  by  s. 
Richmond,  356  W.  Situated  near  the  n.  fork  of 
Holston  r.  There  are  valuable  salt  springs  in 
the  vicinity,  and  gypsum  is  found.  It  contains  2 
grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  about  150  inhabitants. 

Salubria,  p-o.,  Dix  t.,  Chemung  co.,  N.  Y., 
191  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  302  W. 


Salubrity,  p-o.,  Pickens  dist.,  S.  C. 

Salubrity,  p-o.,  Gadsden  co.,  Flor. 

Saluda,  p-t.,  Jefferson  co.,  la.,  100  s.  8.  E.  In- 
dianapolis, 572  W.     Pop.  1,285. 

Salvisa,  p-v.,  Mercer  co.,  Ky.,  21  s.  Frank- 
fort, 563  W. 

Sammonsville,  p-o.,  Fulton  co.,  N.  Y. 

Sampson,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  a  little  s.  ot 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  800  sq.  ms. 
South  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border.  Drained  by 
Black  r.  and  its  branches,  all  tributaries  of  Cape 
Fear  r.  Capital,  Clinton.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  6,735,  sheep  4,432,  swine  20,562, 
wheat  3,872  bush,  produced,  rye  1,061,  Ind.  corn 
130,951,  oats  2,126,  potatoes  96,127,  rice  29,974 
pounds,  cotton  342,300;  8  stores,  cap.  $10,500; 
16  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.,  1  acad.  35  students,  13 
sch.  272  scholars.  Pop.  whites  7,475,  slaves 
4,425,  free  col'd  257;  total,  12,157. 

Sampsondale,  v.,  Haverstraw  t.,  Rockland 
co.,  N.  Y.  It  contains  1  Presbyterian  church, 
an  academy,  3  stores,  1  iron  wire  fac,  1  rolling 
and  slitting  m.,  1  chemical  works,  and  about  30 
dwellings. 

Samptown,  v.,  Piscataway  t.,  Middlesex  co., 
N.  J.,  8  n.  New  Brunswick.  Situated  on  Cedar 
cr.,  a  branch  of  Raritan  r.  It  contains  1  Baptist 
church,  1  store,  and  about  12  dwellings. 

Sam's  Creek,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  62  n.  w. 
Annapolis,  63  W. 

Sam's  Creek,  p-o.,  Davidson  co.,  Tenn.,  21 
w.  Nashville,  705  W. 

Samuelsburg,  p-v.,  Putnam  co.,  la.,  42  w.  In- 
dianapolis, 614  W. 

Sancon  Valley,  p-o.,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa. 

Sand  Bank,  p-o.,  Albion  t.,  Oswego  co.,  N.  Y., 

147  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  393  W. 
Sanbornton,  p-t.,  Belknap  co.,  N.  H.,  21  n. 

Concord,  502  W.  Great  bay  of  Winnipiseogee 
lake  bounds  it  on  the  e.,  Pemigewasset  r.,  for  a 
short  distance,  on  the  w.  The  surface  is  un- 
even; soil,  fertile.  Incorporated  in  1770.  It 
contains  3  churches — 2  Baptist  and  one  Congre- 
gational— and  an  academy.  It  has  5  stores,  cap. 
$12,500;  3  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fee,  1  cotton 
fac.  700  sp.,  4  tanneries,  2  printing  offices,  7  grist 
m.,  10  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $52,680.   1  acad. 

148  students,  23  sch.  1,037  scholars.    Pop.  2,745. 
Sanbornton  Bridge,    p-v.,   Sanbornton    t., 

Belknap  co.,  N.  H.,  17  n.  Concord,  498  W. 

Sancoty  Head,  Mass.,  is  the  e.  point  of  Nan- 
tucket Island,  41°  16'  n.  lat.  126°  52'  w.  Ion. 

Sandburg,  p-o.,  Fallsburv  t.,  Sullivan  co., 
N.  Y.,  98  s.  w.  Albany,  303  W. 

Sandersville,  p-v.,  Chester  dist.,  S.  C,  66 
n.  Columbia,  461  W. 

Sandersville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Washington 
co.,  Ga.,  28  s.  e.  Milledgeville,  658  W.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  an  academy,  7  stores, 
and  about  25  dwellings. 

Sandford,  t.,  York  co.,  Me.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $7,900 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $3,200.  20  sch.  1,052  scholars. 
Pop.  2,233. 

Sandford,  p-t.,  Broome  co.,  N.  Y.,  120  s.  e. 
Albany,  304  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  moun- 
tainous; soil,  adapted  to  grazing.  Drained  by 
Ocquaga  cr.,  which  flows  into  Delaware  r.  It 
has  1  store,  cap.  $4,000 ;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m., 
9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,600.  9  sch.  369 
scholars.    Pop.  1,173. 

Sand  Fort,  p-o.,  Russell  co.,  Ala.,  188  e.  s.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  775  W. 

Sandgate,  p-t.,  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  Ill  s. 
Montpelier,  421  W.  The  surface  is  mountain- 
ous and  broken ;  soil,  fertile  in  the  valleys,  and 
adapted  to  grazing,  in  its  elevated  parts.    Char- 


SAN 


596 


SAN 


tered  in  1761.  Drained  by  branches  of  Batten- 
kill  r.,  and  of  White  cr.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$1,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  grist  m.,  3 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,035.  9  sch.  206 
scholars.     Pop.  776. 

Sand  Hill,  p-o.,  Scotland  co.,  Mo.,  171  n.  Jef- 
ferson City,  933  W. 

Sandridges,  p-o.,  Amherst  co.,  Va.,  128  w. 
Richmond,  180  W. 

Sandisfield,  p-t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  126 
w.  by  s.  Boston,  361  W.  The  surface  is  elevated 
and  uneven;  soil,  fertile,  adapted  to  grazing. 
Drained  by  a  branch  of  Farmington  r.,  which 
runs  on  its  boundary  in  the  s.  e.  part.  It  con- 
tains 1  Congregational  and  1  Baptist  church. 
Incorporated  in  1736.  First  settled  in  1750.  It 
has  8  stores,  cap.  $18,800 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 


into  Lake  Erie,  of  which  it  has  a  beautiful  view. 
The  entire  town  is  based  upon  an  inexhaustible 
quarry  of  the  finest  building  stone,  which  has 
been  extensively  used  in  the  erection  of  its  edi- 
fices. At  all  times  of  the  year,  excepting  3  win- 
ter months,  the  wharves  are  thronged  with  steam- 
boats and  other  vessels,  and  the  view  is  enliven- 
ed by  their  arrival  and  departure.  It  contains  4 
splendid  churches  ;  an  academy  of  stone,  3  stories 
high ;  26  stores,  besides  groceries  and  provision 
houses  ;  a  ship-yard,  where  steamboats  and  other 
vessels  are  built ;  300  dwellings,  and  about  1,200 
inhabitants. 

Sandusky,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  O.  It  has  7  sch. 
325  scholars.     Pop.  679. 

Sandusky,  t.,  Richland  co.,  O.  It  has  8  sch. 
571  scholars.'   Pop.  1,465. 


fac,  3  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.    Cap.  in  man-       Sandusky,  t.,  Sandusky  co.,  O.     It  has  3  sch. 
ufac.  $24,275.     14  sch.  382  scholars.    Pop.  1,464.    67  scholars.     Pop 


Sand  Lake,  p-t.,  Rensselaer  co.,  N.  Y.,  17  e 
Albany,  384  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  rough, 
with  much  waste  land,  and  some  fertile  valleys. 
It  contains  several  ponds.  Drained  by  Poesten- 
kill  and  Wynantslull  creeks.  The  v.  contains  2 
stores,  2  cotton  fac,  2  sattinet  fac,  1  blast  fur-  { camp  pond.     Another  pond   in  its  s.  part  dis 


579. 
Sandwich,  p-t.,  Carroll  co.,  N.  II.,  49  n.  Con- 
cord, 530  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  and  moun- 
tainous, with  some  fertile  land.  Squam  lake  lies 
partly  in  its  s.  E.  corner.  Watered  by  Beareamp 
r.,  the  s.  branch  of  which  passes  through  Bear- 


nace,  1  saw  m.,  1  tannery,  and  about  25  dwell- 
ings. There  are  in  the  t.  11  stores,  cap.  $14,900 ; 
1  cotton  fac.  1,000  sp.,  2  tanneries,  1  glass  fac, 
1  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  27  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $91,825.     21  sch.  1,258  scholars.     Pop.  4,303. 

Sandover,  p-v.,  Abbeville  dist.,  S.  C,  81  w. 
Columbia,  534  W. 

Sandown,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.,  26  s.  e. 
Concord,  467  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil, 
fertile.  Watered  by  Exeter  r.  Cub  pond,  a 
small  body  of  water,  lies  on  its  E.  border.  Incor- 
porated in  1756.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $1,000; 
1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac $3,950.    4  sch.  170  scholars.     Pop.  525. 

Sands  Point,  Hempstead  t.,  Queens  co.,  N.  Yv 

E  rejects  into  Long  Island  sound,  and  contains  a 
ghthouse. 

Sand  Ridge,  p-o.,  Menard  co.,  111.,  27  n. 
Springfield,  807  W. 

Sandsville,  p-v.,  Clinton  co.,  Mo. 

Sandton,  p-v.,  Kershaw  dist.,  S.  C,  55  n.  e. 
Columbia,  451  W. 

Sand  Town,  p-v.,  Kent  co.,  Del.,  19  s.  w.  Do- 
ver, 105  W. 

Sand  Town,  p-v.,  Campbell  co.,  Ga.,  100  w. 
N.  w.  Milledgeville,  695  W. 

Sandusky,  r.,  O.,  rises  in  Richland  and  Craw- 
ford counties,  and  flows  n.  into  Sandusky  bay. 
It  is  90  ms.  long,  and  though  a  rapid  stream,  af- 
fords good  navigation  at  high  water.  A  portage 
of  4  ms.  connects  it  with  the  Scioto  r.  It  has 
good  land  on  its  borders. 

Sandusky,  county,  O.  Situated  toward  the 
N.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  320  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Sandusky  r.  and  its  branches.  Port- 
age r.  crosses  its  n.  w.  corner.  The  surface  is 
low  and  level ;  soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Lower  San- 
dusky. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,613, 
sheep  8,452,  swine  33,914;  wheat  119,122  bush, 
produced,  rye  8,890,  Ind.  corn  142,628,  buck- 
wheat 7,732,  barley  1,962,  oats  77,072,  potatoes 
78,403 ;  sugar  83,722  pounds  ; .  2  commission 
houses,  cap.  $11,000;  14  stores,  cap.  $63,600; 
3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  pottery,  3  flouring 
m.,  8  grist  m.,  26  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  2  printing 
offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$120,109.    56  sch.  5,159  scholars.     Pop.  10,182. 

Sandusky,  p-o.,  Freedom  t,  Cattaraugus  co., 
N.  Y.,  272  w.  by  s.  Albany,  343  W. 

Sandusky,  p-v.,  port  of  entry  and  capital,  Erie 
co.,  O.,  1 10  n.  Columbus,  4 14  W.  Situated  on  t  he 
s.  shore  of  Sandusky  bay,  fronting  the  opening 


charges  its  waters  s.  into  Winnipiseogee  lake.  A 
small  stream  flows  w.  into  Pemigewasset  r. 
Chartered  in  1763.     It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $9,700 ; 

2  fulling  m.,  4  tanneries,  5  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,000.  1  acad.  34  stu- 
dents, 20  sch.  7S5  scholars.     Pop.  2,625. 

Sandwich,  p-t.,  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  53  s.  s. 

Boston,  459  W.  Situated  on  the  isthmus  of 
Cape  Cod,  between  Buzzard's  and  Cape  Cod 
bays.  It  is  the  most  agricultural  t.  in  the  co., 
with  some  light  and  unproductive  land.  It  has  a 
number  of  ponds,  which  afford  fine  fishing  and 
fowling.  Deer  are  still  found  in  this  vicinity. 
The  principal  v.  is  situated  on  Cape  Cod  bay, 
and  contains  4  churches — 1  Congregational,  1 
Unitarian,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Roman  Catholic; 
and  an  academy,  a  large  glass  fac,  and  about  100 
dwellings.  There  are,  in  other  parts  of  the  t.,  6 
other  churches — 4  Methodist,  1  Congregational, 
and  1  Friends.  A  ship  canal,  5  ms.  long,  through 
level  ground,  would  connect  Buzzard's  and  Cape 
Cod  bays,  and  save  the  tedious  navigation  around 
the  cape.  A  considerable  quantity  of  salt  is 
manufactured  in  this  t.  There  are  m  the  t.  17 
stores,  cap.  $28,750;  1  tannery,  1  glasshouse, 
7  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $283,350. 

3  acad.  180  students,  21  sch.  1,130  scholars. 
Pop.  3,719.  ' 

Sandy,  r.,  Me.,  rises  in  Franklin  co.,  and  after 
a  course  of  45  ms.,  first  s.  E.  and  then  n.  e.,  it 
enters  Kennebec  r.  in  Starks  t.,  Somerset  co.  It 
flows  through  a  fertile  country. 

Sandy,  r.,  Va.  and  Ky.,  rises  in  Logan  co.,  Va., 
and  flowing  n.  w.,  divides  Logan  and  Tazewell 
counties,  Va.,  and  thence,  inclining  n.,  it  separ- 
ates the  states  of  Va.  and  Ky.  for  nearly  200  ms. 
until  it  enters  the  Ohio  r.  at  Catletsburg,  Ky.  It 
is  200  yards  wide  at  its  mouth.  It  receives  sev- 
eral tributaries,  the  largest  of  which  is  the  west 
fork,  at  Louisa,  Ky.  The  Sandy  is  navigable  for 
batteaux  50  ms.  from  its  mouth. 

Sandy,  t.,  Tuscarawas  co.,  O.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $4,000;  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $20,000.  16  sch.  554  scholars.  Pop. 
1,444. 

Sandy,  t.,  Starke  co.,  O.  It  has  1  sch.  34 
scholars.    Pop.  1,265. 

Sandy,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Va.,  355  w.  N.  w. 
Richmond,  324  W. 

Sandy,  p-o.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.,  141  e.  n.  e. 
Columbus,  298  W. 

Sandy  Bay,  v.,  Gloucester  t,  Essex  co.,  Mass 


SAN 


597 


SAN 


Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Cape  Arm,  5  ins.  from 
Gloucester  harbor.  A  pier  and  breakwater  have 
been  constructed  for  the  security  of  shipping. 

Sandy  Bottom,  p-o.,  Middlesex  co.,  Va.,  103 
E.  Richmond,  165  W. 

Sandy  Bridge,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  Tenn.,  87  w. 
Nashville,  771  W. 

Sandy  Creek,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Orleans  co.,  and 
flows  into  Lake  Ontario  in  Clarkson  t.,  Monroe  co. 
Sandy  Creek,  p-t.,  Oswego  co.,  N.  Y.,  161  w. 
N.  w.  Albany,  391  W.  The  surface  is  undulating ; 
soil,  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Little  Sandy  cr. 
and  oilier  streams  flowing  into  Lake  Ontario, 
which  bounds  it  on  the  w.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$4,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  furnace,  1  tannery,  1  grist 
m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap  in  manufac.  $3,600.  1  acad. 
45  students,  22  sch.  483  scholars.     Pop.  2,420. 

Sandy  Creek,  p-t.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  228  w.  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  302  W.  It  has  three  stores,  cap. 
$6,540 ;  2  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  2  distilleries, 
6  grist  m.,  16  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,670. 
17  sch.  474  scholars.    Pop.  1,965. 

Sandy  Creek,  t.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2 
furnaces,  4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$2,400.     Pop.  929. 

Sandy  Creek,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  N.  C,  71  w. 
Raleigh,  322  W. 

Sandy  Creek,  p-o.,  Oglethorpe  co.,  Ga.,  69  w. 
Milledgeville,  602  W. 

Sandy  Grove,  p-o.,  Chatham  co.,  N.  C,  58  w. 
Raleigh,  309  W. 

Sandy  Grove,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  Ga.,  53  e.  n. 
e.  Milledgeville,  654  W. 

Sandy  Hill,  p-v.,  and  semi-capital  of  Wash- 
ington co.,  N.  Y.,  53  n.  Albany,  423  W.  Situated 
on  the  e.  side  of  Hudson  r.  Incorporated  in  1810, 
and  contains  a  courthouse,  3  churches — 1  Pres- 
byterian, 1  Methodist,  and  1  Roman  Catholic — 8 
stores  and  groceries,  1  woollen  fac,  1  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.,  2  furnaces,  1  machine  shop,  1  tannery, 
150  dwellings,  and  about  1,000  inhabitants. 
There  is  a  fall  of  about  12  feet  in  the  r.,  in  the 
upper  part  of  the  v. ;  and  100  rods  below,  with  a 
continuous  descent,  are  Baker's  Falls,  with  50 
feet  perpendicular  descent — the  latter  creating  a 
great  water  power,  as  yet  unimproved.  Ihe 
navigable  feeder  of  the  Champlain  canal,  1  m. 
E.,  passes  through  the  place. 

Sandy  Hill,  p-v.,  Worcester  co.,  Md.,  124  s. 
E.  Annapolis,  164  W. 

Sandy  Hill,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,  Tenn.,  86  w. 
Nashville,  772  W 

Sandy  Hook,  Middletown  t.,  Monmouth  co., 
N.  J.,  is  a  sandy  beach  extending  N.  from  Old 
Shrewsbury  inlet  and  the  8.  point  of  the  high- 
lands of  Neversink,  6  ms.,  and  is  from  half  a  m. 
to  a  m.  wide*  It  encloses  Sandy  Hook  bay,  7 
ms.  long  and  6  wide.  There  is  a  lighthouse  on 
its  n.  part.  As  the  sand  is  accumulating  and  ex- 
tending the  point  n.,  a  new  lighthouse  has  been 
erected  on  Flinn's  Noll,  half  a  m.  n.  of  the  for- 
mer. 

Sandy  Lake,  p-t.,  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  228  n.  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  283  W.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil, 
clay  and  loam.  Drained  by  Sandy  cr.,  which 
flows  into  Sandy  lake  in  the  n.  w.  angle  of  the 
t.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $6,900 ;  1  furnace,  3  ful- 
ling m.,  1  tannery,  4  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.,  1  oil  m. 
8  sch.  184  scholars.     Pop.  1,566. 

Sandy  Plains,  p-o.,  Patrick  co.,  Va.,  235  w.  s. 
w.  Richmond,  310  W. 

Sandy  Plains,  p-o.,  Rutherford  co.,  N.  C,  230 
w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  467  W. 

Sandy  Point,  Mass.  The  n.  extremity  of 
Nantucket  island. 

Sandy  Ridge,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,  Ga.,  59  w.  n.  w. 
Milledgeville  667  W. 


s.vM.v  Ridge,  p  <>.,  Lowodea  <■<>.,  Ala.,  196  a, 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  H67  W. 

Sandy  Kivki:,  p-o.,  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  184 
s.  w.  Richmond,  *67  W. 

Sandv  Rivkr  Cnriwu,  p  <>.,  Prince  Edward 
co.,  Va.,  80  vv.  s.  w.  Richmond,  170  W.  It  con- 
tains a  church,  founded  in  1768  by  Episcopalians, 
now  free  to  all  denominations,  1  store,  and  seve- 
ral dwellings. 

Sandy  Run,  p-o.,  Cleveland  co.,  N.  C. 

Sandy  Run,  p-o.,  Lexington  dist.,  S.  C,  16  w 
Columbia,  522  W. 

Sandy  Spring,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  60 
w.  s.  w.  Annapolis,  20  W. 

Sandy  Spring,  p-o.,  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  201 
w.  s.  w.  Nashville,  896  W. 

Sandyston,  p-t.,  Sussex  co.,  N.  J.,  87  n.  Tren- 
ton, 256  W.  Bounded  w.  by  Delaware  r.  The 
surface  on  the  e.  is  mountainous,  on  the  w.  a 
rich  alluvion.  Watered  by  Big  and  Little  Flat 
Kill  creeks.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $6,500 ;  3  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $70,000.  9  sch. 
279  scholars.     Pop.  1,209. 

Sandyville,  p-v.,  Sandy  t,  Tuscarawas  co., 
O.,  123  n.  E.  Columbus,  318  W. 

Sanford,  p-t.,  York  co.,  Me.,  83  s.  w.  Augusta, 
512  W.  Watered  by  Mousum  r.,  which  affords 
water  power.  Incorporated  in  1768.  It  has  5 
stores,  cap.  $7,900  ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,200.  20  sch.  1,052  scholars. 
Pop.  2,233. 

Sanford,  _p-o.,  Ingham  co.,  Mich.,  100  w.  by  n 
Detroit,  586  W. 

Sanford's  Corners,  p-o.,  Le  Ray  t.,  Jefferson 
co.,  N.  Y.,  169  n.  w.  Albany. 

Sangamon,  r.,  111.,  rises  in  a  small  lake  in  Ver- 
milion co.,  and  flows  s.  w.,  and  then  turns  n.  w., 
and  finally  w.,  until  it  unites  with  Illinois  river, 
between  Cass  and  Mason  counties.  It  receives 
numerous  tributaries.  It  flows  through  one  of  the 
richest  and  most  pleasant  portions  of  the  state. 
It  is  navigable  for  small  steamboats  to  the  junc- 
tion of  the  N.  and  s.  forks  ;  and  in  high  water  one 
has  proceeded  to  within  5  ms.  of  Springfield. 

Sangamon,  county,  HI.  Situated  near  the  cen- 
tre of  the  state,  and  contains  900  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Sangamon  r.  and  its  numerous  branches, 
which  afford  abundant  water  power.  The  sur- 
face is  gently  undulating ;  soil,  calcareous  loam, 
from  1  to  3  feet  deep,  mixed  with  fine  sand,  and 
very  fertile.  Organized  in  1821.  It  is  one  of  the 
richest  and  most  flourishing  counties  in  the  state. 
Capital,  Springfield.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  20,878,  sheep  18,233,  swine  69,016;  wheat 
74,522  bush,  prod.,  rye  8,533,  Ind.  corn  1,390,160, 
barley  2,359,  oats  193,875,  potatoes  44,852,  tobac- 
co 2,U00  pounds ;  50  stores,  cap.  $325,000  ;  9  tan- 
neries, 4  distilleries,  4  potteries,  5  flouring  m.,  23 
grist  m.,  40  saw  m.,  21  oil  m.,  3  printing  offices,  4 
weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $195,625. 
3  acad.  192  students,  20  sch.  844  scholars.  Pop. 
14,716. 

Sangerfield,  p-t.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  15  s. 
Utica,  88  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  372  W.  The  surface 
is  hilly ;  soil,  a  fertile  loam.  Drained  by  Che- 
nango r.  and  Oriskany  cr.  The  v.  contains  1 
Presbyterian  church,  1  store,  30  dwellings,  and 
about  200  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  6 
stores,  cap.  $57,000;  2  fulling  m.,  1  furnace,  1 
tannery,  2  distilleries,  1  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  maiiufac.  $126,150.  2  acad.  150  students,  12 
sch.  662  scholars.    Pop.  2,251. 

Sangerville,  p-t.,  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.,  77  N. 
w.  Augusta,  672  W.  Situated  on  the  height  of 
land  between  Penobscot  and  Kennebec  rs.  In- 
corporated in  1814.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil, 
fertile.    It  has  a  pond,  the  outlet  of  which  forms 


SAR 


598 


SAR 


a  head  stream  of  Sebasticook  r.    It  has  4  tanner- 
ies, 11  seh.  510  scholars.     Pop.  1,197. 

Sangrun,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Md. 

Sanilac,  county,  Mich.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  settled  portion  of  the  peninsula,  and 
contains  730  sq.  ras.  Lake  Huron  bounds  it  on 
the  e.  Drained  by  Cass  and  Delude  rivers.  Un- 
organized. 

Santa,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  154  n.  e.  Tus- 
caloosa, 679  W. 

Santa  Anna,  p-o.,  De  Witt  co.,  111.,  84  n.  e. 
Springfield,  719  W. 

Santa  Fe,  p-o.,  Alexander  co.,  111.,  228  s. 
Springfield,  862  W. 

Sapling  Grove,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Va.,  317 
\v.  by  s.  Richmond,  385  W. 

Sappington,  p-v.,  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  140  e. 
Jefferson  City,  820  W. 

Saracta,  p-o.,  Duplin  co.,  N.  C,  94  s.  e.  Ra- 
leigh, 320  W. 

Sarah,  p-o.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  122  w.  Harris- 
burg,  148  W. 

Sarahsville,  p-v.,  Noble  t.,  Morgan  co.,  O., 
99  e.  s.  e.  Columbus,  325  W.  It  is  near  Buffalo 
Fork  of  Wills  cr.,  and  contains  1  store,  and  about 
40  inhabitants. 

Sarahsville,  p-v.,  Franklin  co.,  111.,  181  s. 
Springfield,  830  W. 

Saranac,  r.,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Saranac  lake,  in 
Franklin  co.,  near  the  source  of  Racket  r.,  which 
flows  to  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  flows  n.  e.  until, 
in  Plattsburgh,  it  turns  w.,  and  enters  Cumber- 
land bay  of  Lake  Champlain  at  the  v.  It  affords 
extensive  water  power,  and  has  a  fine  fall  imme- 
diately above  its  mouth  in  Plattsburgh  v.,  where 
are  mills. 

Saranac  Lake,  Hamilton  co.,  N.  Y.,  is  10  ms. 
long  and  2  or  3  wide,  and  is  connected  with 
Lower  Saranac  lake  through  Round  lake. 

Saranac,  p-t.,  Clinton  co.,  N.  Y.,  15  w.  Platts- 
burgh, 181  n.  Albany,  830  W.  The  surface  is 
hilly  and  mountainous,  and  heavily  timbered  ; 
soil,  in  the  valley  of  the  Saranac,  which  waters 
it,  a  fertile  loam.  Iron  ore  abounds.  It  has  5 
stores,  cap.  $6,560;  1  forge,  1  tannery,  1  glass 
fac,  1  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac. 
$165,250.    5  sch.  100  scholars.     Pop.  1,462. 

Saratoga,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  toward  the 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  800  sq.  miles. 
The  surface  is  various,  mountainous  in  the  n.  w., 
the  central  and  s.  e.  parts  hilly,  with  some  sandy 
plains ;  soil,  sandy  or  gravelly  loam,  with  some 
clay,  and  moderately  fertile.  Its  mineral  waters 
are  celebrated  everywhere.  Marl  and  bog  iron 
ore  are  found.  Hudson  r.  bounds  it  on  the  e., 
and  partly  on  the  N.,  and  Mohawk  r.  on  the  s. 
Drained  by  Sacandaga  r.,  and  Fish  and  Kaya- 
derosseras  crs.  Railroads  from  Troy  and  Sche- 
nectady form  a  junction  at  Ballston,  and  proceed 
to  Saratoga.  Capital,  Ballston  Spa.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  40,810,  sheep  96,656,  swine 
51,601 ;  wheat  72,001  bush,  produced,  rye  162,950, 
Indian  corn  328,631,  buckwheat  85,974,  barley 
17,005,  oats  496,089,  potatoes  1,019,632,  hops  5,767 
pounds,  silk  cocoons  100,  sugar  20,910 ;  166  stores, 
cap.  $324,415  ;  12  lumber  yards,  cap.  $13,475:  2 
furnaces,  33  fulling  m.,  21  woollen  fac,  1  cotton 
fac.  2,028  8p.,  27  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  pottery, 
4  flouring  m.,  37  grist  m.,  139  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  2 
paper  fac,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $683,676.  10  acad.  527  students. 
164  sch.  6,319  scholars.    Pop.  40,553. 

Saratoga  Lake,  Saratoga  co.,  N.  Y.,  4  s.  E. 

Saratoga,  5  e.  Ballston  Spa,  is  9  ms.  long  and  2 

wide.     It  affords  fine  fish,  and  is  much  resorted 

to  in  the  summer  by  visiters  to  Saratoga  springs. 

Saratoga,  t.,  Saratoga  co.,  N.  Y.,  6  n.  Ballston 


Spa,  36  n.  Albany.  The  surface  is  level  or  un- 
dulating, excepting  on  the  n.  w.,  where  it  is  hilly ; 
soil,  light  sand,  or  sandy  loam,  productive  with 
good  cultivation.  Drained  by  Ellis's  cr.  flowing 
into  Kayaderosseras  cr.,  which  bounds  it  on  the 
s.  It  has  8  stores,  cap.  $17,300;  2  fulling  m.,  2 
woollen  fac,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $41,900.  1  academy  50  students,  7  sch.  454 
scholars.     Pop.  2,624. 

Saratoga  Springs,  t.,  Saratoga  co.,  N.  Y. 
The  surface  is  mostly  level  or  undulating,  except 
in  the  n.  w.,  where  it  is  hilly  ;  soil,  light  sand,  or 
sandy  loam.  Drained  by  some  small  streams  en- 
tering Kayaderosseras  cr.,  which  bounds  it  on  the 
s.  in  part.  It  has  42  stores,  cap.  $54,640 ;  1  fulling 
m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $46,589.  4  acad.  175  students, 
5  sch.  255  scholars.     Pop.  3,384. 

Saratoga  Springs,  p-v.,  Saratoga  co.,  N.  Y., 
36  n.  Albany,  406  W.  The  most  celebrated  wa- 
tering place  in  the  United  States.  The  v.  is  built 
chiefly  on  several  streets,  and  contains  a  number 
of  the  largest  and  most  splendid  hotels  and  board- 
ing houses  in  the  country,  which,  in  the  watering 
season,  are  abundantly  filled.  The  v.  was  incor- 
porated in  1826,  and  contains  6  churches — 1  Pres- 
byterian, 1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  I  Methodist,  1 
Universalist,  and  1  Roman  Catholic — an  insu- 
rance company,  an  academy,  a  female  seminary, 
35  stores,  3  printing  offices,  300  dwellings,  and 
about  2,500  inhabitants.  The  principal  springs 
are  Congress,  Washington,  Putnam's,  Pavilion, 
Iodine,  Hamilton,  and  Flat  Rock  springs.  1  mile 
E.  are  the  Ten  springs.  The  springs  differ  some 
in  their  properties.  The  following  is  an  analysis, 
by  Dr.  Steel,  of  the  Congress  water,  which  is 
more  used  than  any  other.  1  gallon,  or  231  cubic 
inches,  of  water  contained  the  following  sub- 
stances : — 

Chloride  of  sodium,  (sea  salt,)     335.0    grains. 

Hydriodate  of  soda,    ....        3.5        " 

Bicarbonate  of  do.      .....        8.982    " 

"  "         magnesia,    .    .      95.788    " 

Carbonate  of  lime,      ....      98.098    « 
iron,      ....        5.075    " 

Silex 1.5 

Hydrobromate  of  potash — a  trace. 


Total  grains, 


Carbonic  acid  gas, 
Atmospheric  air, 


597.943 

311  cubic  inches. 

7      " 


Gaseous  contents,  318      "        " 

Sarcoxie,  p-v.,  Barry  co.,  Mo.,  200  s.  w.  Jeffer- 
son City,  1,135  W.  'Situated  on  the  s.  side  of 
Centre  cr. 

Sardinia,  p-t.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y.,  28  s.  e.  Buffalo, 
276  w.  Albany,  343  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ; 
soil,  moist  clay  loam,  well  adapted  to  grass. 
Drained  by  Cattaraugus  cr.,  which  bounds  it  on 
the  s.  The  v.  contains  1  Baptist  church,  2  stores, 
1  woollen  fac,  1  furnace,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  30 
dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants.  There  are 
in  the  t.  1  store,  cap.  $1,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  fur- 
nace, 2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $10,500.  13  sch.  446  scholars.  Pop. 
1,743. 

Sardinia,  p-v.,  Washington  t.,  Brown  co.,  O., 
92  s.  w.  Columbus,  459  W.  It  contains  1  church, 
1  store,  1  oil  m.,  1  carding  machine,  15  dwellings, 
and  about  100  inhabitants. 

Sardis,  p-o.,  Burke  co.,  Ga.,  97  E.  Milledge- 
ville,  620  W. 

Sarepta,  p-o.,  Lafayette  co.,  Miss.,  160  n.  n. 
e.  Jackson,  913  W. 

Sargeantsville,  p-v.,  Amwell  t.,  Hunterdon 


SAU 


599 


SAV 


co.,  N.  J.,  23  Trenton,  180  W.  It  contains  1  store, 
8  or  10  dwellings,  and  the  Mantua  Manual  Labor 
Institute. 

Satartia,  p-v.,  Yazoo  co.,  3Iiss.,  52  n.  w.  Jack- 
son, 1,041  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  side  of  Yazoo 
r.  It  contains  several  stores,  and  about  150  in- 
habitants. 

Saugatuck,  r.,  Ct.,  rises  in  Ridgefield,  and 
enters  Long  Island  sound  in  Westport  t.,  between 
2  and  3  ms.  below  the  v. 

Saugatuck,  p-o.,  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  183  w. 
Detroit,  648  W. 

Saugerties,  p-t.,  Ulster  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  n.  King- 
ston, 45  s.  by  w.  Albany,  331  W.  The  surface 
is  level  near  Hudson  r.,  which  bounds  it  on  the 
E.  It  is  mountainous  w.,  extending  on  to  the 
Cattskill  mountains.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Drain- 
ed by  Plattekill  and  Esopus  creeks,  which  flow 
into  Hudson  r.  The  p-o.  has  the  same  name  as 
the  t.,  but  the  v.  in  which  it  is  located  has  received 
the  name  of  Ulster.  There  are  in  the  t.  23  stores, 
cap.  $95,000;  1  woollen  fac,  12  bloomeries,  3 
tanneries,  1  paper  fac,  4  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $132,700.  17  sch.  1,109  scholars. 
Pop.  6,216. 

Saugus,  p-t,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  11  N.  Boston, 
451  W.  Watered  by  Saugus  r.,  which  enters 
Lynn  bay.  The  surface  is  level  near  the  r.  and 
bay,  with  extensive  salt  marsh,  but  the  uplands 
are  rocky  and  rough.  Incorporated  from  Lynn 
in  1815.  It  contains  2  churches — 1  Congregation- 
al and  1  Methodist.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $2,000 ; 
1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $5,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  wool- 
len fac,  1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $68,000.  5 
sch.  375  scholars.    Pop.  1,098. 

Sauk,  county,  Wis.  Situated  toward  the  N. 
w.  part  of  the  settled  portion  of  the  ter.  Bound- 
ed s.  and  s.  e.  by  Wisconsin  r.,  which  flows  into 
Mississippi  r.  Watered  by  Baraboa  r.  and  other 
branches  of  Wisconsin  r.  It  contains  860  sq.  ms. 
Capital,  Prairie  du  Sac.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  148,  swine  82 ;  wheat  464  bush,  pro- 
duced, oats  1,795,  potatoes  1,235 ;  1  store,  cap. 
$500.    Pop.  102. 

Sauj^t  de  St.  Marie,  p-v.,  capital  of  Chippe- 
wa co.,  Mich.,  400  n.  Detroit,  921  W.  Situated  on 
the  s.  side  of  the  rapids  of  St.  Mary's  strait,  a 
little  below  Lake  Superior.  The  v.  is  on  the 
site  of  an  old  French  fort,  and  has  an  elevated 
and  pleasant  situation.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  3  churches — 1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  1 
Roman  Catholic — 3  stores,  Fort  Brady,  with  a 
garrison,  and  a  trading  house  of  the  American 
Fur  Company,  who  own  one  of  the  stores.  Con- 
nected with  the  Baptist  church  is  a  missionary 
school  for  Indian  children,  for  which  $1,000  an- 
nually are  appropriated  by  the  general  govern- 
ment. The  Methodists  have  also  a  missionary 
school,  and  there  is  a  school  in  the  fort  for  the 
children  of  the  officers  and  citizens.  Vessels 
come  to  the  foot  of  the  rapids,  and  the  cargoes  are 
transported  three  fourths  of  a  m.  by  land,  to  the 
head  of  the  rapids,  and  re-shipped.  The  mail 
arrives  here  weekly  in  summer,  and  once  in  6 
weeks  in  winter.  The  thermometer  often  sinks 
in  winter  to  25°  or  30°  below  zero.  Great  quan- 
tities of  whitefish,  and  other  kinds,  are  caught 
here,  of  a  superior  quality.  The  population,  con- 
sisting of  Americans,  French,  and  Indians,  is 
about  800,  though  at  times  many  more. 

Saunders,  p-o.,  Sumner  co.,  Tenn.,  61  n.  e. 
Nashville,  670  W. 

Saundersville,  p-v.,  Vanderburg  co.,  la.,  162 
s.  s.  w.  Indianapolis,  732  W. 

Saquoit,  p-v.,  Paris  t.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  90 
w.  n.  w.  Albany,  379  W.  Situated  on  both  sides 
of  Sadaquada  or  Saquoit   cr.,  and   contains  2 


churches,  4  stores,  2  cotton  fac,  1  paper  m.,  2 
Houring  m.,  1  clothier's  works,  50  dwellings,  and 
about  300  inhabitants.  Here  is  an  inflammable 
sulphur  spring,  the  gas  from  which  is  used  in 
lighting  a  public  house. 

Savage,  p-o.,  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  20  n.  w. 
Annapolis,  20  W.  There  are  extensive  iron  works 
in  the  vicinity. 

Savannah,  r.,  Ga.,  forms  the  n.  e.  boundary 
of  the  state,  separating  it  from  S.  C.  It  is  formed 
by  the  union  of  Tugalo  and  Kiowee  rivers,  near 
the  s.  E.  corner  of  Franklin  co.,  100  ms.  above 
Auglista,  and  flowing  s.  e.,  it  enters  the  Atlantic 
through  Tybee  sound,  in  32°  n.  lat.  The  largest 
vessels  come  to  Five  Fathom  hole,  3  ms.  below 
Savannah,  and  18  ms.  from  the  ocean ;  and  large 
brigs  come  to  the  wharves  in  Savannah.  Steam- 
boats come  to  Augusta,  127  ms.  by  land,  and  340 
by  water,  from  its  mouth,  and  pole  boats  go  150 
ms.  above  Augusta.  The  tide  flows  up  the  r.  but 
25  ms. 

Savannah,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  N.  Y.,  He.  Ly- 
ons, 168  w.  Albany,  348  W.  The  surface  is  level 
and  swampy  on  the  s.  E.,  covered  by  the  Monte- 
zuma marshes.  The  soil  on  the  n.  w.  is  fertile. 
Near  the  centre  is  Crusoe  lake,  the  outlet  of  which 
flows  into  Seneca  r.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $2,000 ; 
1  tannery,  1  saw  m.,  8  sch.  511  scholars.  Pop. 
1,718. 

Savannah,  p-o.,  Richland  co.,  O.,  86  n.  by  E. 
Columbus,  375  W. 

Savannah,  city,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of 
Chatham  county,  Georgia,  is  situated  on  the  s. 
w.  bank  of  the  Savannah  river,  17  miles  from  its 
mouth.  It  is  in  32°  8'  n.  lat.  and  81°  10'  w.  Ion. 
from  Greenwich,  and  4°  10'  w.  from  Washington. 
It  is  118  s.  w.  from  Charleston;  123  s.  E.  Augus- 
ta ;  158  e.  s.  E.  Milledgeville ;  662  s.  by  w.  from 
W.  The  population  in  1810,  was  5,195  ;  in  1820, 
7,523;  in  1830,  7,776;  in  1840,  11,214— of  which 
4,694  were  slaves.  Employed  in  commerce,  604 ; 
in  manufactures  and  trades,  707 ;  navigating  the 
ocean,  canals,  &c,  241 ;  learned  professions,  131. 

The  city  is  built  on  a  sandy  plain,  elevated 
about  40  feet  above  the  level  of  the  tide.  It  was 
formerly  considered  unhealthy,  which  chiefly 
arose  from  the  rice  grounds  in  the  neighborhood ; 
but  the  citizens  subscribed  $70,000  to  induce  the 
owners  of  the  plantations  to  substitute  a  dry  for 
a  wet  cultivation  of  that  article,  by  which  the 
health  of  the  city  has  been  much  improved. 
The  city  is  regularly  laid  out  in  the  form  of  a 
parallelogram,  with  streets,  many  of  them  wide, 
crossing  each  other  at  right  angles.  There  are 
10  public  squares,  containing  2  acres  each,  at 
equal  distances  from  each  other.  These  squares, 
and  many  of  the  streets,  are  bordered  with  trees, 
and  particularly  with  the  Pride  of  India,  which 
gives  them  a  beautiful  appearance.  Many  of  the 
houses  are  of  brick,  and  a  considerable  number 
of  them  are  elegant.  On  the  e.  and  w.  of  the 
city  are  marshes ;  and  a  pine  barren  extends  2 
miles  to  the  s. 

It  has  a  good  harbor.  Vessels  requiring  14 
feet  of  water  come  up  to  the  wharves  of  the  city, 
and  larger  vessels  come  up  to  Fathom  Hole,  3 
ms.  below.  The  city  is  defended  by  Fort  Wayne 
on  the  e.  side,  and  by  Fort  Jackson  at  Fathom 
Hole,  3  ms.  below.  Much  of  the  trade  of  Georgia 
centres  in  Savannah — the  principal  articles  of 
which  are  cotton  and  rice.  20  steamboats  of  a 
large  size,  and  50  steam  tow-boats,  navigate  the 
river.  On  Tybee  island,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river,  is  a  light-house.  One  line  of  packets,  con- 
sisting of  2  ships  and  4  brigs,  one  vessel  sailing 
from  each  place  weekly — and  another,  consisting 
of  6  brigs,  ply  between  this  place  and  New  York. 


SAY 


600 


SCH 


The  Savannah  river  furnishes  great  facilities  for 
internal  trade,  and  this  river  is  connected  to  the 
Ocmulgee  by  a  canal  16  miles  long,  which  ter- 
minates at  Savannah. 

There  are  11  churches — 1  Baptist,  1  Episcopal, 
2  Presbyterian,  1  Methodist,  1  Lutheran,  1  Bethel, 
1  Roman  Catholic,  1  Jews'  Synagogue,  and  2 
African.  The  Exchange  is  a  heavy  Gothic  build- 
ing, 5  stories  high  ;  the  academy  is  180  feet  long 
by  60  wide,  3  stories  high.  The  City  Hall,  the 
Hospital,  the  Court  House,  the  Theatre,  and  2 
banks,  are  other  public  buildings.  The  two  banks 
have  an  aggregate  capital  of  $1,670,000.  The 
tonnage  of  the  port  in  1840,  was  17,930.  There 
were  2  foreign  commercial  and  50  commission 
houses, with  a  capital  of  $943,500 ;  191  retail  stores, 
cap.  $855,190;  8  lumber  yards,  cap.  $49,000; 
paints,  drugs,  &c,  cap.  $35,800  :  3  brick  and  45 
wooden  houses  built,  cost  $138,100;  4  printing 
offices,  2  binderies,  3  daily,  3  weekly,  3  semi- 
weekly  newspapers,  cap.  $22,000.  Total  cap.  in 
manufac.  $105,460.  3  acad.  385  students,  7  sch. 
470  scholars. 

This  city  was  founded  in  1733  by  Gen.  James 
Oglethorpe  and  others.  It- was  taken  by  the 
British  in  1776,  but  they  abandoned  it  in  1782. 
On  the  10th  of  June,  1820,  463  buildings  were 
burned,  occasioning  a  loss  of  property  amounting 
to  $4,000,000 ;  but  it  has  been  rebuilt  with  ad- 
ditional beauty. 

Savannah,  p-v.,  capital  of  Hardin  co.,  Tenn., 
131  s.  w.  by  w.  Nashville,  807  W.  Situated  on 
the  E.  bank  of  Tennessee  r.,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  and  about  250  inhabitants. 

Savannah,  p-v.,  capital  of  Carroll  co.,  111.,  202 
n.  Springfield,  872  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side 
of  Mississippi  r.,  above  the  mouth  of  Plum  creek. 
It  contains  a  court  house  and  jail,  and  a  number 
of  stores  and  dwellings. 

Savannah,  p-v.,  capital  of  Andrew  co.,  Mo. 
Situated  5  miles  from  Missouri  r.  It  contains  a 
temporary  court  house,  and  about  100  inhabitants. 

Saverton,  p-v.,  Ralls  co.,  Mo.,  107  n.'  n.  e. 
Jefferson  City,  911  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank 
of  the  Mississippi  r.   Pop.  of  t.  880. 

Saville,  t.,  Perry  co..  Pa.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $5,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  fur- 
nace, 2  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  grist  m.,  17  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $20,313.  7  sch.  230  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,283. 

Savoy,  p-t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  122  w.  n.  w. 
Boston,  395  W.  The  surface  is  elevated  and  un- 
even ;  soil,  well  adapted  to  grazing.  Branches 
of  Hoosic,  Deerfield,  and  Westfield  rivers  flow 
from  it.  Incorporated  in  1797.  It  contains  a 
Baptist  church.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $5,900;  1 
grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,050.  9 
sch.  170  scholars.     Pop.  915 

Saw  Mill,  p-o.,  Dale  co.,  Ala. 

Saxenburg,  p-v.,  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  205  w.  by  n. 
Harrisburg,  236  W. 

Saxe's  Mills,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  76  n. 
Montpelier,  550  W. 

Saxonville,  p-v.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  22  n. 
w.  Boston,  428  W. 

Saxton's  River,  p-o.,  Windham  co.,  Vt. 

Saybrook,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Ct.,  42  s.  s.  e. 
Hartford,  334  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  and 
stony  ;  soil,  to  a  considerable  extent,  fertile. 
Connecticut  r.  bounds  it  on  the  e.,  and  here  en- 
ters Long  Island  sound.  The  bar  at  its  mouth 
has  12  feet  of  water  at  the  highest  tides.  Wa- 
tered by  Chester,  Pettipaug,  and  Pochaug  rivers. 
The  harbor  is  on  a  cove  which  sets  up  from  Con- 
necticut r.  The  r.  is  not  frozen  here  in  the  winter. 
The  shad  fishery  in  the  spring  is  very  valuable. 
Large  quantities  of  whitefish  are  taken,  and  used 


for  manure.  The  v.  at  the  point  contains  1  Con- 
gregational and  1  Episcopal  church.  The  borough 
of  Essex,  7  ms.  from  the  mouth  of  the  r.,  contains 
4  churches — 1  Congregational,  1  Episcopal,  1 
Baptist,  and  1  Methodist — an  academy,  8  or  10 
stores,  an  extensive  ropewalk,  and  about  1,000 
inhabitants.  Considerable  ship  building  is  car- 
ried on.  A  number  of  vessels  are  owned  here, 
employed  chiefly  in  the  coasting  trade.  The  t. 
was  first  settled  in  1635.  A  ferry  crosses  Con- 
necticut r.  to  Lyme.  There  are  in  the  t.  16 
stores,  cap.  $81,046 ;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $10,000 ; 
4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $131,250. 
2  acad.  66  students,  13  sch.  578  scholars.  Pop. 
3,417. 

Saybrook,  p-t.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.,  200  n.  e. 
Columbus,  347  W.  Lake  Erie  lies  a  little  n.  of 
it.  Organized  in  1826.  The  name  was  changed 
from  Wrightsburg  in  1826.  Many  of  the  inhabit- 
ants came  from  Saybrook,  Ct.  It  has  8  sch.  413 
scholars.     Pop.  934. 

Saylorsburg,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  112  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  205  W. 

Sayville,  p-o.,  Islip  t.,  Suffolk  co.,  N.  Y.,  199 
s.  s.  e.  Albany,  279  W. 

Scaffle  Cain,  p-o.,  Rockcastle  co.,  Ky.,  70  s. 
s.  e.  Frankfort,  568  W. 

Scaffold  Prairie,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  la.,  83  s. 
w.  Indianapolis,  646  W. 

Scantic  Village,  p-v.,  E.  Windsor  t.,  Hart- 
ford co.,  Ct.,  12  n.  E.  Hartford,  348  W. 

Scarborough,  p-t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  10 
s.  w.  Portland,  59  s.  w.  Augusta,  536  W.  It  is 
bounded  s.  e.  by  the  Atlantic.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile, with  considerable  salt  marsh.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $400  :  2  tanneries,  4  grist  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $4,260.     14  sch.  854  scholars.     Pop.  2,172. 

Scarborough,  p-o.,  Scriven  co.,  Ga.,  63  e.  by 
s.  Milledgeville,  637  W. 

Scarsdale,  t,  Westchester  co.,  N.  Y.,  4  s. 
White  Plains,  135  s.  Albany.  The  surface  is 
rolling ;  soil,  sandy  and  clay  loam.  Drained  by 
Bronx  r.,  which  bounds  it  on  the  w.   Pop.  225. 

Schaghticoke,  p-t.,  Rensselaer  co.,  N.  Y.,  20 
n.  Albany,  390  W.  The  surface  is  undulating ; 
soil,  sand,  clay,  and  loam.  Hudson  r.  bounds  it 
on  the  w.  Drained  by  Hoosic  r.  and  Tomhanic 
cr.  The  v.  is  situated  on  Hoosic  r.,  4  miles  e. 
Hudson  r.,  and  contains  3  churches,  6  stores,  2 
cotton  fac.  6,000  sp.  150  looms,  1  machine  shop, 
1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  clothier's  works,  2  pow- 
der m.,  175  dwellings,  and  about  1,400  inhabit- 
ants. It  possesses  a  great  water  power.  The  t. 
has  10  stores,  cap.  $18,700;  1  fulling  m.,  4  cotton 
fac.  5,807  sp.,  2  powder  m.,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $209,550.  15  sch.  839  scholars. 
Pop.  3,339. 

Schellsbury,  p-o.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  112  w. 
Harrisburg,  138  W. 

Schenectady,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  toward 
the  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  200  square 
ms.  The  surface  is  diversified  ;  soil,  various. 
The  flats  along  the  Mohawk  r.  are  extensive,  and 
very  fertile.  Watered  by  Mohawk  r.  The  Erie 
canal  and  the  western  and  northern  railroads 
pass  through  it.  Capital,  Schenectady.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,808,  sheep  18,094, 
swine  13,063;  wheat  13,113  bush,  produced,  rye 
52,278,  Ind.  corn  62,597,  buckwheat  41,2 -S3,  bar- 
ley 100,524,  oats  216,963,  potatoes  210,535,  sugar 
4,423  pounds  ;  45  stores,  cap.  $78,800 ;  2  furnaces, 
7  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  2,000 
sp.,  4  tanneries,  1  brewery,  1  flouring  m.,  8  grist. 
m.,23  saw  m.,  1  oil  m  ,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $113,700.  1  col- 
lege 30  students,  3  acad.  83  students,  57  schools 
1,972  scholars.    Pop.  17,387. 


SCH 


601 


SCH 


Schenectady,  city,  and  capital  of  Schenecta- 
dy co.,  N.  Y.,  16  N.  w.  Albany,  334  W.  Situated 
on  the  s.  bank  of  Mohawk  r.  It  is  an  ancient  place, 
having  been  settled  by  the  Dutch  as  a  trading 
post  in  1620.  It  was  chartered  as  a  city  in  1793, 
and  contains  a  city  hall,  jail,  clerk's  and  surro- 
gate's office,  a  market,  lyceum,  female  academy, 
3  banking  houses,  besides  a  savings  bank,  9 
churches— 1  Dutch  Reformed,  1  Presbyterian,  1 
Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  1  Cameraman, 
1  Universalis!,  1  Roman  Catholic,  and  1  African — 
100  stores  and  groceries,  1  cotton  fac,  2  flouring 
in.,  2  iron  foundries,  1  brewery,  1  tobacco  fac,  1 
steam  flouring  m.,  3  tanneries,  2  machine  shops, 
1  plough  and  wagon  fac,  1,000  dwellings,  and 
6,784  inhabitants.  The  buildings  of  Union  Col- 
lege, 3  in  number  and  spacious,  are  pleasantly 
situated  on  an  eminence,  half  a  mile  e.  of  the 
city.  This  institution  was  founded  in  17J5,  con- 
tains a  president  and  11  professors  or  other  in- 
structors, has  had  2,029  alumni,  of  whom  308 
have  been  ministers  of  the  gospel,  has  253  stu- 
dents, and  13,000  volumes  in  its  libraries.  The 
commencement  is  on  the  4lh  Wednesday  of  July. 
Its  philosophical  and  other  apparatus  is  very 
complete.  Attached  to  this  college  is  about  250 
acres  of  land,  part  of  which  is  designed  to  be  ap- 
propriated to  groves  and  walks. 

Schlosser,  N.  Y.,  the  site  of  an  old  fort,  a  lit- 
tle above  Niagara  Falls,  rendered  famous  by  the 
burning  of  the  Caroline  steamboat,  by  the  British, 
during  the  late  Canadian  rebellion. 

Schimicksburg,  p-v.,  Mahoning  t.,  Indiana  co., 
Pa.,  179  w.  Harrisburg,  232  VV.  Situated  on  Lit- 
tle Mahoning  cr.,  and  contains  a  store  and  8  or  10 
dwellings. 

Schodac,  t.,  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  14  s.  Troy, 
7  s.  by  e.  Albany.  The  surface  is  undulating 
and  hilly  ;  soil,  clay,  loam,  sand,  and  gravel. 
Drained  by  small  creeks,  flowing  into  Hudson  r., 
which  bounds  it  on  the  w.     It  has  13  stores,  cap, 


$32,150 ;  3  fulling  m.,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.     Cap. 

:.  $14,500.    23 
Pop.  4,125. 


in  manufac.  $14,500.    23  schools  1,133  scholars. 


Schodac  Centre,  p-c,  Schodac  t.,  Rensse- 
laer co.;  N.  Y.,  6  s.  by  e.  Albany,  371  VV.  Here 
is  a  small  settlement. 

Schodac  Landing,  p-v.,  Schodac  t.,  Rensse- 
'laer  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  s.  by  E.  Albany,  353  W.  Sit- 
uated on  the  E.  side  of  Hudson  r.,  and  contains  1 
church,  2  stores,  2  warehouses,  50  dwellings,  and 
about  350  inhabitants.  Several  sloops  owned 
here  ply  between  this  place  and  New  York.^ 

Schoeneck,  p-o.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  45  E. 
Harrisburg,  135  W. 

Schoharie,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  toward 
the  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  621  sq.  ms. 
Organized  in  1795.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
mountainous  ;  soil,  fertile,  especially  on  the 
streams.  On  the  uplands  it  is  adapted  to  grazing. 
Watered  by  Schoharie  creek  and  its  tributaries. 
Water  limestone,  bog  iron  ore,  and  sulphur  springs 
are  found.  The  latter,  at  Sharon,  are  becoming 
celebrated.  Capital,  Schoharie.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  37,633,  sheep  71,258,  swine 
31,865;  wheat 72,871  bush,  produced,  rye  129,342, 
Indian  corn  67,890,  buckwheat  80,609,  barlev 
217,473,  oats  497,953,  potatoes  600,396,  sugar 
133.766  pounds;  81  stores,  cap.  $183,500;  30 
fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  32  tanneries,  1  brew- 
ery, 36  grist  m.,  160  saw  m.,  1  paper  fac,  2  print- 
in,r  offices,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac $163,000.  5  acad.  306  students,  199  schools 
9,294  scholars.     Pop.  32,358. 

Schoharie,  p-t.,  capital  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.  Y., 

32  w.  Albany,  333  W.    The  surface  is  uneven, 

with  fertile  flats  on  the  streams.    Watered  by 

76 


Schoharie  and  Fox  creeks.  The  v.  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  county  clerk's  office,  1  Luther- 
an church,  an  academy,  4  stores,  various  me- 
chanic- shops,  1  grist  m.,  2  or  3  saw  m.,  60  dwell- 
ings, and  about  450  inhabitants.  There  are  in 
the  t.  17  stores,  cap.  $52,300 ;  8  lulling  ra.,  4  tan- 
neries, 1  paper  fac,  2  printing  offices,  1  weekly 
newspaper,  7  grist  m.,  32  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $35,700.  2  acad.  124  students,  25  sch.  1,345 
scholars.     Pop.  5,534. 

Schoharie,  cr.,  rises  in  Greene  co.,  among  the 
Catskill  mountains,  and  flows  N.  into  the  Mohawk 
r.,  in  Montgomery  co.  It  is  a  rapid  stream,  and 
with  its  tributaries,  affords  water  power. 

Schoodic  L ak  es,  Washington  co.,  Me.  They 
are  a  collection  of  lakes  connected  by  boatable 
communications,  the  outlet  of  which  forms  a  large 
eastern  branch  of  St.  Croix  r.  They  cover  a 
large  surface,  their  borders  are  densely  wooded, 
and  they  furnish  a  great  amount  of  lumber. 

Schoolcraft,  p-v.,  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  149 
w.  Detroit,  608  W.  The  v.  is  situated  near  the 
centre  of  Prairie  Ronde,  in  the  midst  of  a  fertile 
farming  country.  It  contains  3  stores,  and  about 
250  inhabitants. 

Schooley's  Mountain,  N.  J.,  forms  a  part  of 
a  Chain  which  extends  in  a  n.  e.  and  s.  w.  direc- 
tion across  the  state,  from  the  Delaware  to  the 
Hudson  r.  It  crosses  the  n.  w.  part  of  Morris  co., 
with  a  height  of  600  feet  above  its  base,  and 
about  1,10J  feet  above  the  level  of  the  ocean.  It 
is  crossed  by  a  turnpike  road  leading  from  New 
York  to  Easton.  A  mineral  spring  near  its  top 
has  given  it  considerable  celebrity. 

Schooley's  Mount,  p-v.,  Washington  t.,  Mor- 
ris co.,  N.  J.,  56  n.  Trenton,  213  W.  The  spring 
here  located  has  a  temperature  of  56°  Fahrenheit, 
and  discharges  30  gallons  an  hour.  The  spring 
contains  muriate  of  soda,  muriate  of  lime,  muriate 
of  magnesia,  sulphate  of  lime,  carbonate  of  mag- 
nesia, silex,  and  carbonated  oxyde  of  iron.  The 
pure  air  and  the  romantic  scenery  of  this  region 
render  it  a  healthful  and  pleasant  place  of  sum- 
mer resort.  There  are  3  well  kept  hotels,  besides 
private  boarding  houses  in  the  vicinity.  The  re- 
gion abounds  with  magnetic  iron  ore.  Seven 
miles  from  the  spring,  on  the  mountain,  is  Budd's 
pond,  2  ms.  long  and  1  broad,  of  great  depth, 
clear  as  crystal,  abounding  with  fish,  and  furnish- 
ed with  a  boat.  There  is  a  church  and  a  school 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  spring. 

Schoolfield's  Store,  p-o.,  Bledsoe  co., 
Term.,  124  s.  e.  Nashville,  539  W. 

Schroefpel,  t.,  Oswego  co.,  N.  Y.,  16  s.  e. 
Oswego,  150  w.  N.  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is 
rolling ;  soil,  sandy  loam.  Watered  by  Oneida 
and  Oswego  rivers,  which  bound  it  on  the  s.  and 
w.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $3,150 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1 
tannery,  1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,700. 
555  scholars  in  schools.     Pop.  2,093. 

Schroon,  r.,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Essex  co.,  and 
flowing  s.  enters  Hudson  r.  in  Warren  co. 

Schroon>  lake,  N.  Y.,  lies  partly  in  Essex  co., 
and  partly  in  Warren  co.,  and  is  10  ms.  long,  and 
from  1  to  2  wide.  Its  waters  abound  with  fish, 
and  its  shores  with  game. 

Schroon.  t.,  Essex  co.,  N.  Y.,  95  n.  Albany. 
The  surface  is  mountainous  on  the  E.  and  w. 
with  an  intervening  valley,  which  abounds  with 
ponds  and  lakes.  Watered  by  the  head  branches 
of  Schroon  r.  The  soil  is  sandy  loam,  with  some 
clay,  and  covered  with  dense  forests.  The  v., 
situated  on  Schroon  lake,  contains  1  store,  1 
forge,  2  saw  m.,  and  several  dwellings.  There 
are  in  the  t.  2  stores,  cap.  $5,000 ;  2  fulling  m.,  2 
forges,  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  56  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac  $91,250.  16  sch.  450  scholars.  Pop.  1,660. 


SCH 


602 


SCI 


Schroon  Lakk,  p-o.,  Schroon  t.,  Essex  co., 
N.  Y.,  95  n.  Albany,  470  W. 

Schultzville,  p-o.,  Clinton  t,  Dutchess  co., 
N.  Y. 

Schumla,  p-o.,  Wood  CO.,  Va. 

Schuyler,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  360  sq.  ras.  Illi- 
nois r.  runs  on  its  s.  K.  border.  Drained  by 
Crooked,  Crane,  McKee's,  and  Sugar  creeks. 
The  surface  is  undulating ;  soil,  very  fertile,  and 
much  of  it  heavily  timbered.  Capital  Rushville. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,760,  sheep 
5,246,  swine  17,838;  wheat  36,800  bush,  pro- 
duced, Ind.  corn  298,033,  oats  37,288,  potatoes 
23,545,  tobacco  1,424  pounds ;  1  commission 
house,  cap.  $1,500;  19  stores,  cap.  $28,850;  7 
tanneries,  2  distilleries,  9  grist  m.,  17  saw  m.,  1 
printing  office,  1  daily  newspaper.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $76,610.     14  sch.  545  scholars.    Pop.  6,972. 

Schuyler,  t.,  Herkimer  co.,  N.  Y.,  7  w.  Her- 
kimer, 87  w.  N.  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is 
hilly,  but  mostly  capable  of  cultivation  ;  soil, 
very  fertile  in  the  valley  of  the  Mohawk  r., 
which  bounds  it  on  the  s.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$2,800 ;  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$8,100.     10  sch.  395  scholars.     Pop.  1,798. 

Schuyler's  Falls,  p-o.,  Plattsburg  t.,  Clinton 
co.,  N.  Y.,  157  n.  Albany,  532  W. 

Schuyler's  Lake,  p-o.,  Exeter  t.,  Otsego  co., 
N.  Y.,  75  w.  Albany,  365  W. 

Schuylersville,  p-v.,  Saratoga  t.  and  co., 
N.  Y.,  34  n.  Albany,  406  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Hudson  r.  Incorporated  in  1831,  and 
contains  3  churches,  an  academy,  10  stores,  and, 
on  Fish  cr.,  1  cotton  fac,  1  woollen  fac,  1  flour- 
ing m.,  1  iron  foundry,  1  machine  shop,  90 
dwellings,  and  about  600  inhabitants. 

Schuylkill,  r.,  Pa.,  rises  by  3  principal 
branches  in  Schuylkill  co.,  and  pursuing  a  s.  e. 
course,  it  enters  Delaware  r.  7  ms.  below  Phila- 
delphia. It  is  about  140  ms.  long,  and  receives 
several  tributaries,  the  most  important  of  which 
are  Tulpehocken  cr.,  from  the  w.,  and  Perkiomen 
cr.,  from  the  e.  Vessels  of  from  300  to  400  tons 
ascend  to  the  western  wharves  of  Philadelphia, 
where  its  average  depth,  at  common  tides,  is 
from  13  to  14  feet.  By  means  of  canals  and 
pools,  it  is  navigable  from  Fairmount  dam,  above 
Philadelphia,  to  Port  Carbon,  in  Schuylkill  co., 
108  ms.  An  immense  amount  of  coal  is  trans- 
ported on  it.  A  canal  is  constructed  along  Tul- 
pehocken cr.  connecting  it  with  Swatara  cr.,  and 
thus  uniting  the  Schuylkill  r.  with  Susquehanna 
river. 

Schuylkill,  county,  Pa.  Situated  toward 
the  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  660  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Schuylkill  r.  and  its  branches,  and 
small  streams  which  flow  into  Susquehanna  r. 
The  surface  is  hilly  and  mountainous ;  and  ex- 
cepting near  the  streams,  the  soil  is  rough,  rocky, 
and  sterile.  It  is  celebrated  for  its  immense  de- 
posits of  mineral  coal,  which  is  extensively  mined 
and  sent  to  market.  Capital,  Orwigsburg.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,595,  sheep  6,107, 
swine  7,864;  wheat  23,744  bush,  produced,  rye 
85,858,  Ind.  corn  45,971,  buckwheat  26,731,  oats 
75,810,  potatoes  102,267  ;  99  stores,  cap.  $331,700 ; 
431,370  tons  of  anthracite  coal  produced;  4  fur- 
naces, 3  forges,  11  tanneries,  1  distillery,  5  brew- 
eries, 2  powder  in.,  4  printing  offices,  1  bindery, 
4  weekly  newspapers,  5  flouring  m.,  33  grist  m., 
189  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $223,820.  3 
acad.  127  students,  31  sch.  880  scholars.  Pop. 
29,053. 

Schuylkill,  p-t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  78  s.  s.  E. 
Harrisburg,  157  W.  Situated  on  Schuylkill  r. 
The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  sandy  loam.  Watered 


by  French  and  Stony  creeks.  It  contains  3  vil- 
lages.    It  has  6  sch.  439  scholars.     Pop.  2,079. 

Schuylkill,  t.,  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $8,000 ;  2  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $8,400.  3  sch.  150  scholars.  Pop. 
1,334. 

Schuylkill  Bend,  p-o.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  57  e. 
Harrisburg,  150  W. 

Schuylkill  Haven, p-v.,  Manheimt.,  Schuyl- 
kill co.,  Pa.,  58  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  168  W.  Situ- 
ated immediately  below  the  confluence  of  West 
Branch  with  Schuylkill  r.  It  contains  several 
stores,  about  150  dwellings,  and  990  inhabitants. 
The  Schuylkill  canal  passes  through  it,  and  the 
West  Branch  railroad  extends  from  it  to  the 
coal  mines,  at  the  foot  of  Broad  mountain. 

Schwenck's  Store,  p  o.,  Montgomery  co., 
Pa.,  83  e.  Harrisburg,  169  W. 

Scienceville,  p-v.,  Windham  t.,  Greene  co., 
N.  Y.,  48  s.  w.  Albany,  365  W.  It  contains  3 
stores,  1  furnace,  2  tanneries,  and  20  or  25  dwell- 
ings. 

Scio,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y.,  15  s.  Angeli- 
ca, 266  w.  by  s.  Albany,  320  W.  The  surface 
is  hilly  and  broken  ;  soil,  moist  clay  and  loam, 
heavily  timbered  with  pine,  hemlock,  and  other 
trees.  Drained  by  Genesee  r.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $3,500 ;  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  14  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,650.  2  sch.  24  scholars. 
Pop.  1,156. 

Scio,  p-o.,  Harrison  co.,  O. 

Scio,  p-t.,  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  56  w.  De- 
troit, 542  W.  Watered  by  Huron  r.,  and  Honey 
and  Mill  creeks.  It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $24,600 ; 
1  tannery,  2  flouring  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $34,900. 

Scioto,  r.,  O.,  is  the  second  in  magnitude  of 
those  flowing  wholly  in  the  state.  It  rises  in 
Hardin  co.,  and  flowing  through  Marion  and  Del- 
aware, into  Franklin  co.,  it  receives,  just  above 
Columbus,  from  the  n.,  Whetstone  or  Olentangy 
r.,  whence  it  flows  nearly  s.  to  its  junction  with 
the  Ohio,  at  Portsmouth,  where  it  is  150  yards 
wide.  It  is  about  160  ms.  long,  and  is  navigable 
130,  to  the  mouth  of  Little  Scioto  river.  It  flows 
through  a  highly  fertile  country. 

Scioto,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  s.  part  of 
the  state,  and  contains  600  sq.  ms.  The  surface 
is  uneven  ;  soil  fertile,  particularly  on  the  river 
bottoms.  Ohio  r.  bounds  it  on  the  s.  Watered 
by  Scioto  and  Little  Scioto  rivers,  and  their 
branches.  The  Ohio  canal  passes  through  it, 
and  enters  the  Ohio  r.  at  Portsmouth.  Capital, 
Portsmouth.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
7,547,  sheep  9,502,  swine  11,077;  wheat  44,370 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  322,360,  barley  1,000, 
oats  81,577,  potatoes  14,960,  sugar  7,049  pounds  ; 
5  commercial  and  4  commission  houses,  capital 
$5,400 ;  44  stores,  cap.  $79,300  ;  2  tanneries,  4 
flouring  m.,  15  grist  m.,  15  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $43,022.  42  sch.  1,243  scholars.  Pop. 
11,192. 

Scioto,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  O.  Situated  on  the 
w.  side  of  Scioto  r.  It  has  7  sch.  160  scholars. 
Pop.  877. 

Scioto  Bridge,  p-o.,  Scioto  t.,  Delaware  co.,  O. 

Scioto,  p-o.,  Scioto  co.,  0 ,  105  s.  Columbus, 
439  W. 

Scioto,  t.,  Jackson  co.,  O.  It  has  3  stores, 
carj.  $875  ;  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.    Pop.  931. 

Scioto,  t.,  Pickaway  co.,  O.  It  has  1  sch.  15 
scholars.     Pop.  904. 

Scioto,  t.,  Ross  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,377. 

Scipio,  p-t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y.,  8  s.  Auburn, 
164  w.  Albany,  329  W.  The  surface  is  slightly 
undulating ;  soil,  clay,  loam,  and  alluvion,  fer- 
tile, and  well  cultivated.    Owasco  lake  bounds 


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it  on  the  e.  Drained  by  Salmon  cr.,  flowing  into 
Cayuga  lake.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $23,000 ;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  2  Mff  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $19,650.  1  acad.  36  students,  18  sch. 
828  scholars.     Pop.  2,255. 

Scipio,  t.,  Meigs  co.,  O.  It  has  6  schools,  244 
scholars.     Pop.  940. 

Scipio,  t.,  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1  grist 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,000.  3  sch.  87  scholars. 
Pop.  634. 

Scipio,  t.,  Seneca  co.,  O.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$4,500  ;  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$5,120.    8  sch.  197  scholars.    Pop.  1,556. 

Scipio,  p-v.,  Jennings  co.,  la.,  56  s.  s.  E.  Indi- 
anapolis, 573  W. 

Scipioville,  p-o.,  Scipio  t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y., 
164  w.  Albany,  323  W. 

Scitico,  p-o.,  Hartford  co.,  Ct.,  20  n.  n.  e. 
Hartford,  356  W. 

Scituate,  p-t.,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  26  s.  E. 
by  s.  Boston,  454  W.  Bounded  n.  e.  by  the 
Atlantic.  North  r.  runs  on  its  s.  border,  and  near 
the  harbor  turns  to  the  s.  E.,  and  runs  3  miles 
nearly  parallel  with  the  shore,  leaving  between 
itself  and  the  ocean  a  curious  beach,  formed  of 
round,  smooth  pebbles,  elevated  from  20  to  40 
feet  above  tidewater.  There  are  in  the  t.  7 
churches — 2  Unitarian,  1  Congregationalism,  2 
Methodist,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Universalist.  The 
harbor  is  small  and  of  difficult  access,  but  as 
many  as  30  fishing  and  coasting  vessels  are  owned 
here.  The  v.  contains  about  30  dwellings.  The 
t.  has  16  stores,  cap.  $16,900  ;  9  grist  m.,  9  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $50,400.  21  sch.  1,025  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  3,386. 

Scituate,  t.,  Providence  co.,  R.  I.,  12  w. 
Providence.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  in  some 
parts  rough  and  broken;  soil,  gravelly  loam, 
adapted  to  grazing.  Watered  by  the  n.  branch 
of  Pawtuxet  r.  It  contains  1  Baptist  and  2  Con- 
gregational churches,  an  academy,  and  a  bank. 
It  has  15  stores,  cap.  $12,850;  1  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  11  cotton  fac,  19,654  sp.,  6  grist  m., 
6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $411,130.  2  acad. 
62  students,  19  sch.  864  scholars.  Population, 
4,090. 

Sconondoah,  p-v.,  Verona  t.,  Onieda  co.,  N. 
Y.,  115  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  378  W.  It  is  situated 
on  the  N.  side  of  Sconondoah  cr.,  and  contains  1 
store,  several  mechanic  shops,  1  saw  m.,  1  cotton 
lac,  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Scotch  Plains,  p-v.,  Westfield  t.,  Essex  co., 
N.  J.,  42  n.  w.  Trenton,  209  W.  Situated  on 
Greenbrook. 

Scotch  Town,  p-v.,  Wallkill  t.,  Orange  co., 
N.  Y.,  107  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  284  W.  It  contains 
1  Presbyterian  church,  2  stores,  and  12  or  15 
dwellings. 

Scotia,  p-v.,  Glenville  t.,  Schenectady  co., 
N.  Y.,  18  n.  w.  Albany,  386  W.  Situated  on  the 
N.  side  of  Mohawk  r.,  1  mile  w.  Schenectady. 
It  contains  2  churches,  3  stores,  40  dwellings,  and 
about  200  inhabitants. 

Scotia,  p-v.,  Pope  co.,  Ark.,  83  n.  w.  Little 
Rock,  1,148  W.  Situated  on  n.  bank  of  Arkan- 
sas r.,  and  contains  about  40  inhabitants. 

Scotland,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the  N.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  936  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Wyaconda,  North  Fabius,  and  the  N.  fork 
of  Salt  rivers.  The  surface  is  level.  Capital, 
Edina. 

Scotland,  p-o.,  York  co.,  Me.,  96  s.  w.  Au- 
gusta, 506  W. 

Scotland,  p-o.,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  33  s. 
Boston,  427  W. 

Scotland,  p-v.,  Windham  t.,  Windham  co., 
Ct.,  35  e.  Hartford,  362  W.    It  contains  a  Con- 


gregational church,  several  stores,  and  a  pleasant 
v.  built  on  one  strict. 

Scotland,  p-o.,  Etanapo  t..  Rockland  co.,  N. 
Y.,  126  s.  by  w.  Albany,  860  \\  . 

Scotland  Neck,  p-o.,  Halifax  co.,  N.  C,  108 
N.  E.  Raleigh,  232  W. 

Scott,  county,  Va.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  624  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  the  n.  fork  of  Holston  r.,  and  by 
Clinch  r.  and  their  branches.  The  surface  is 
broken  and  rough ;  soil,  moderately  fertile. 
Capital,  Estillville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  9,520,  sheep  13,532,  swine  24,095;  wheat 
39,534  bush,  produced,  rye  2,729,  Ind.  corn 
294,705,  buckwheat  337,  oats  111,849,  potatoes 
16,648,  tobacco  7,339  pounds,  sugar  59,547;  8 
stores,  cap.  $31,500 ;  4  tanneries,  63  distilleries, 
10  flouring  m.,  28  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $21,805.  8  sch.  206  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  6,911,  slaves  344,  free  col'd  48;  total, 
7,303. 

Scott,  county,  Miss.  Situated  a  little  s.  E. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  576  sq. 
ms.  Drained  by  branches  of  Pearl  r.,  and  by 
head  branches  of  Leaf  r.  Capital,  Hillsboro. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,898,  sheep  607, 
swine  7,533 ;  wheat  1,255  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  50,564,  oats  1,453,  potatoes  8,020,  rice  6,200 
pounds,  tobacco  1,433,  cotton  374,156;  7  stores, 
cap.  $16,019 ;  6  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Pop.  whites  1,189,  slaves  462,  free  col'd  2  ;  total, 
1,653. 

Scott,  county,  Ky.  Situated  toward  the  n 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  252  sq.  ms.  It 
has  a*  fertile  soil.  Drained  by  North  Elkhorn 
and  Eagle  creeks,  and  their  branches.  Capital, 
Georgetown.  There  were  in  1810,  neat  cattle 
13,723,  sheep  22,380,  swine  37,596;  wheat 
105,428  bush,  produced,  rye  62,940,  Ind.  corn 
999,470,  oats  167,390,  potatoes  20,869,  sugar 
2,300  pounds  ;  31  stores,  cap.  $149,200 ;  2  woollen 
fac,  4  tanneries,  16  flouring  m.,  19  grist  m.,  20 
saw  m.,  1  paper  fac,  1  printing  office,  1  semi- 
weekly  newspaper.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $157,060. 

1  college,  114  students,  2  acad.  160  students,  26 
sch.  719  scholars.  Pop.  whites  8,220,  slaves 
5,339,  free  col'd  109;  total,  13,668. 

Scott,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  s.  E.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  200  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Graham's  fork  of  White  r.  and  its  branches. 
The  surface  is  gently  undulating.  Capital,  Lex-  . 
ington.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,589, 
sheep  3,647,  swine  4,603;  wheat  15,229  bush, 
produced,  Ind.  corn  52,253,  oats  31,254,  potatoes 
3,146,  tobacco  6,615  pounds,  sugar  3,795;  7  stores, 
cap.  $4,900  ;  8  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $5,200.    2  sch.  55  scholars.     Pop.  4,242. 

Scott,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  240  sq.  ms.  Illinois  r. 
bounds  it  on  the  w.,  by  small  tributaries  of  wluch 
it  is  drained.  Capital,  Winchester.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,354,  sheep  6,409,  swine 
17,518;  wheat  41,925  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
424,000,  oats  51,435,  potatoes  15,461 ;  1  com.  house, 
cap.  $35,000  ;  30  stores,  cap.  $44,420 ;  4  tanneries, 

2  distilleries,  2  potteries,  7  flouring  m.,  12  grist  m., 
17  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $77,405.  1  acad. 
60  students,  16  sch.  415  scholars.    Pop.  6,215. 

Scott,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the  s.  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  936  sq.  ms.  The  sur- 
face is  various ;  soil,  generally  very  fertile.  The 
Mississippi  r.  runs  on  its  e.  border.  Drained  by 
White  Water  and  James's  rivers.  Capital,  Ben- 
ton. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,140, 
sheep  1,738,  swine  26,909;  wheat  10,111  bush, 
produced,  Ind.  corn  393,690,  oats  13,174,  potatoes 
7,718,  tobacco  161,150  pounds,  cotton  4,466;  15 


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stores,  cap.  $32,150;  1  tannery,  3  distilleries, 
3  potteries,  19  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $23,375.  6  sch.  134  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  2,587,  slaves  458,  free  col'd  11;  total, 
5,974. 

Scott,  county,  Iowa.  Situated  in  the  e.  part 
of  the  ter.,  and  contains  540  sq.  ms.  The  sur- 
face is  gently  rolling ;  soil,  very  fertile.  The 
Mississippi  r.  bounds  it  on  the  s.  E.,  and  Wa- 
besipinica  r.  runs  on  its  n.  border.  Drained  by- 
Allen's,  Duck,  and  Crow  creeks.  Capital,  Da- 
venport. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,375, 
sheep  273,  swine  5,643 ;  wheat  25,740  bush,  pro- 
duced, Ind.  corn  46,057,  oats  11,720,  potatoes 
30,002;  16  stores,  cap.  $46,500;  1  distillery,  1 
pottery,  2  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.,  1  print- 
ing office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $49,350.  1  acad.  25  students,  5  sch.  123 
scholars.     Pop.  2,140. 

Scott,  county,  Ark.  Situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  950  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  a  branch  of  Arkansas  r.  Capital,  Boonville. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,616,  sheep  591, 
swine  10,272;  wheat  1,546  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  104,355,  oats  2,996,  potatoes  7,369,  cotton 
13,190  pounds  ;  1  distillery,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,500.  5  sch.  103  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  1,542,  slaves  131,  free  col'd  21 ; 
total,  1,694. 

Scott,  p-t,  Cortland  co.,  N.  Y.,  149  w.  Al- 
bany, 325  W.  The  surface  is  somewhat  broken  ; 
soil,  a  fertile  argillaceous  and  calcareous  loam. 
Drained  by  head  branches  of  Toughnioga  r.  and 
the  inlet  of  Skeneateles  lake,  which  touches  its 
N.  w.  corner.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $6,500;  1  tan- 
nery, 2  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $21,650.    9  sch.  447  scholars.     Pop.  1,332, 

Scott,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  199  n.  e.  Harris- 
burg,  293  W.  Susquehanna  r.  bounds  it  on  the 
w.  Drained  by  Starucca,  Shrawder's,  and 
Shoohokin  creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil, 
gravel  and  loam.  Timbered  with  beech  and 
maple.    It  has  3  sch.  53  scholars.    Pop.  365. 

Scott,  p-t.,  Adams  co.,  O.,  95  s.  by  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 460  W.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $3,550  ;  3 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.    Pop.  916. 

Scott,  L,  Marion  co.,  O.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$550 ;  1  distillery,  4  sch.  175  scholars.     Pop.  854. 

Scott,  t.,  Sandusky  co.,  O.  It  has  8  sch.  304 
scholars.     Pop.  684. 

Scott,  p-t..  La  Grange  co.,  la.,  183  Indianapo- 
lis, 586  W. 

Scott,  t,  Montgomery  co.,  la.  It  has  1  sch. 
25  scholars.     Pop.  896. 

Scott,  t.,  Vanderburgh  co.,  la.    Pop.  1,213. 

Scottsburg,  p-v.,  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  119  s.  w. 
Richmond,  217  W.  It  contains  1  store,  several 
dwellings,  and  about  50  inhabitants. 

Scotts  Creek,  p-o.,  Haywood  co.,  N.  C,  312 
w.  Raleigh,  542  W. 

Scotts  Ferry,  p-o.,  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  73  n. 
w.  Richmond,  137  W. 

Scotts  Ridge,  p-o.,  Fairfield  co.,  Ct. 

Scottsville,  p-v.,  Wheatland  t.,  Monroe  co., 
N.  Y.,  232  w.  by  n.  Albany,  372  W.  Situated 
on  Allen's  creek,  on  the  line  of  the  Genesee  Val- 
ley canal.  It  contains  3  churches — 1  Presbyte- 
rian, 1  Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist — 8  stores,  2 
grist  m.,  1  plaster  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  clothier's 
works,  1  distillery,  80  dwellings,  and  about  500 
inhabitants. 

Scottsville,  p-o.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  40  n.  n. 
w.  Wilkesbarre. 

Scottsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Powhatan  co., 
Va.,  33  w.  Richmond,  150  W.  Situated  on  ele- 
vated ground,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  3 
stores,  and  about  25  dwellings. 


Scottsville,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C,  57  n. 
w.  Raleigh,  291  W. 

Scottsville,  p-v.,  Bibb  co.,  Ala.,  30  s.  E 
Tuscaloosa,  814  W. 

Scottsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Allen  co.,  Ky., 
148  s.  w.  Frankfort,  671  W.  Situated  on  a  branch 
of  Green  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and 
several  stores  and  dwellings. 

Scottsville,  p-v.,  Lee  co.,  111.,  149  n.  Spring- 
field, 854  W. 

Scriba,  p-t.,  Oswego  co.,  N.  Y.,  167  n.  w.  Al- 
bany, 377  W.  It  contains  a  part  of  the  v.  of  Os- 
wego. The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  sandy  loam, 
moderately  fertile.  Lake  Ontario  bounds  it  on 
the  n.,  into  which  its  streams  flow,  and  afford 
water  power.  Oswego  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border. 
Old  Fort  Oswego  was  erected  near  the  mouth  of 
Oswego  r.,  in  1727.     It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $5,500  ; 

1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $7,000;  1  tannery,  3  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $172,816.  17 
sch.  1,047  scholars.     Pop.  4,051. 

Scriven,  county,  Ga.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  748  sq.  ms.  Sa- 
vannah r.  runs  on  its  n.  e.  border,  and  Ogeechee 
r.  on  its  s.  w.  border.  Watered  by  Brier  cr.  and 
its  branches,  and  by  Little  Ogeechee  r.  Capital, 
Jackson boro.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
9,53S,  sheep  2,876,  swine  8,004;  wheat  1,806 
bush,  produced,  rye  1,055,  Ind.  corn  147,305,  oats 
1,350,  potatoes  11,899,  cotton  858,202  pounds, 
sugar  1,820;  6  stores,  cap.  $15,700;  1  tannery,  7 
grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  4  sch.  66  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  2,162,  slaves  2,623  free  col'd  9;  total, 
4,794. 

Scroggsfield,  p-v.,  Fox  t.,  Carroll  co.,  O., 
132  e.  n.  e.  Columbus,  291  W. 

Scuffleton,  p-v.,  Greene  co.,  N.  C,  102  e. 
s.  e.  Raleigh,  312  W. 

Scuffletown,  p-v.,  Laurens  dist.,  S.  C,  78 
H.  w.  Columbus,  504  W.  Situated  on  s.  side  of 
Saluda  r. 

Scull  Camp,  p-o.,  Surry  co.,  N.  C,  167  w.  by 
n.  Raleigh,  348  W. 

Scurlock's  Spring,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Flor. 

Scull  Shoals,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Ga.,  65  n. 
Milledgeville,  608  W.  Poulain's  bridge  here 
crosses  the  Oconee  r.,  where  is  a  store  and  sev- 
eral mills. 

Scull  Town,  p-v.,  Upper  Penn's  Neck  t.,  Sa- 
lem co.,  N.  J.,  12  n.  E.  Salem,  51  s.  Trenton,  162 
W.  Situated  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  Old- 
man's  cr.,  which  flows  into  Delaware  r.  It  con- 
tains 3  stores  and  about  30  dwellings. 

Seabrook,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.,  47  s. 
E.  Concord,  48J  W.  Situated  in  the  s.  E.  corner 
of  the  state,  bounded  e.  by  the  Atlantic.  Wa- 
tered by  Black,  Brown's,  and  Walton  rivers. 
Chartered  in  1768.  Bog  iron  ore  is  found  on 
some  of  its  streams.  Whaleboat  building  is  ex- 
tensively carried  on.    It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $4,500 ; 

2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  acad.  25  students,  4  sch. 
150  scholars.     Pop.  1,392. 

Seaconnet,  point,  Little  Compton  t.,  R.  I.,  6 
e.  s.  e.  Newport,  forms  the  s.  point  of  the  e.  en- 
trance of  Narraganset  bay.  A  break-water  has 
been  here  erected  by  the  general  government. 

Seaford,  p-v.,  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  46  s.  Dover, 
121  W.    Situated  on  Nanticoke  r. 

Seal,  t.,  Pike  co.,  O.  It  has  8  stores,  cap. 
$12,180 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $4,180.  10  sch.  224  scholars.  Pop. 
1,835. 

Seal  Cove,  p-o.,  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  113  e. 
Augusta. 

Searcy,  county,  Ark.  Situated  toward  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  850  sq.  ms.  A 
range  of  hills  on  its  s.  border  separates  it  from 


SKD 


005 


SEN 


Van  Buren  co.  Watered  by  a  branch  of  White 
r.  Capital,  Lebanon.  There  were  in  HMD,  neat 
cattle  1,391,  sheep  650,  swine  3,76'.)  ;  wheat  1,071 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  3S,2S0,  oats  1,712,  pota- 
toes 1,330,  tobacco  8,826  pounds,  cotton  3,878; 
2  stores,  cap.  $1,800;  5  grist  in.  Top.  whites 
933,  slaves  3 ;  total,  936. 

Searcy,  p-v.,  capital  of  White  co.,  Ark.,  50  n. 
n.  e.  Little  Rock,  1,076  W.  Situated  on  the  s. 
w.  side  of  Little  Red  r.,  a  branch  of  White  r.,  and 
contains  a  court  house  and  several  dwellings. 

Searsburg,  p-t.,  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  11  e. 
Bennington.  The  surface  is  mountainous  and 
rough,  lying  on  the  Green  mountains,  and  much 
of  it  is  incapable  of  cultivation.  Watered  by 
Deerfield  r.  Chartered  in  1781.  It  has  3  saw 
m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000.     Pop.  120. 

Skarsburg,  p-o.,  Hector  t.,  Tompkins  co., 
N.  Y. 

Searsmont,  p-t.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  38  e.  Au- 
gusta, 627  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to 
grain.  Watered  by  St.  George's  r.,  one  branch 
of  which  flows  from  a  considerable  pond  on  its 
N.  E.  border.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $2,500 ;  1  full- 
ing m.,  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $8,700.  9  sch.  460  scholars.  Pop. 
1,374. 

Searsville,  p-v.,  Stewart  co.,  Ga.,  128  s.  w. 
Milledgeville,  784  W. 

Sea  View,  p-o.,  Northampton  co.,  Va.,  163  e. 
Richmond,  230  W. 

Seaville,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  Me.  It  has  3  sch. 
66  scholars.    Pop.  129. 

Seawardsville,  p-o.,  McDonough  co.,  HI.,  77 
N.  w.  Springfield,  855  W. 

Sebago,  lake,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  is  12  ms. 
long,  and  at  its  greatest  breadth  7  ms.  wide,  and 
discharges  its  waters  by  Presumpscot  r.,  into 
Casco  bay.  It  is  connected  with  Long  Pond  on 
the  n.  by  w.  by  Songo  strait,  and  receives 
Crooked  r.  from  the  n.  It  is  connected  with 
Portland  by  the  Cumberland  and  Oxford  canal, 
20i  ms.  long,  opening,  by  means  of  its  connected 
waters,  a  communication  into  the  interior  of  5'J  ms. 

Sebago,  p-t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  76  s.  w. 
Augusta,  562  W.  It  has  Sebago  lake  on  its  s.  e. 
border,  and  several  ponds  in  its  n.  e.  part,  and 
others  in  its  w.  parts,  by  the  outlets  of  which  it 
is  watered.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  the  situation 
pleasant,  with  a  ready  access  to  Portland.  Char- 
tered in  1826.  It  has  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  6  sch. 
314  scholars.     Pop.  707. 

Sebasticook,  r.,  Me.,  rises  in  the  s.  e.  part  of 
Penobscot  co.,  in  a  pond  in  Dexter  t.,  passes 
through  a  considerable  lake  in  Newport  t.,  and 
flowing  southwestwardly,  enters  Kennebec  r., 
opposite  to  Waterville.  It  is  about  50  ms.  long, 
and  affords  good  water  power. 

Sebec,  p-t.,  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.,  96  N.  N.  E. 
Augusta,  693  W.  Situated  at  the  e.  end  of  Sebec 
lake  or  pond,  which  is  10  ms.  long,  and  on  an 
average,  1  m.  wide,  the  outlet  of  which,  Sebec  r., 
enters  the  Piscataquis  r.  on  the  N.  side.  The 
soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain.  Watered  by  Se- 
bec r.  Incorporated  in  1812.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$3,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  lac.,  1  tannery,  1 
grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,100. 
12  sch.  258  scholars.     Pop.  1,116. 

Second  Creek,  p-o.,  Greenbrier  co.,  Va.,  220 
w.  Richmond,  257  W. 

Second  Fork,  p-v.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  157  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  249  W. 

Section  Creek,  p-o.,  Clay  co.,  Ky.,  Ill  s.  e. 
Frankfort,  555  W. 

Sedgewick,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  85  E.  Au- 

Sista,  681  W.     Situated  on  a  peninsula,  having 
lue  Hill  bay  on  the  e.,  and  a  strait  which  se- 


parates it  from  Deer  isl.  en  the  s.  It  he*  good 
harbors,  and  considerable  navigation  employed 

in  the  coasting  trade  and  the  fisheries.  The  soil 
is  moderately  productive.  Ship  building  is  a 
considerable  business.  It  has  7  stores,  cap. 
$10,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  8  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $4,600.  15  sch.  828  scholars.  Pop. 
1,922. 

Sedgewick  Bay,  p-o.,  Sedgewick  t.,  Hancock 
co.,  Me.,  93  e.  s.  e.  Augusta,  639  W. 

Seekonk,  p-t.,  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  46  s.  s.  w. 
Boston,  404  W.  Bounded  on  the  w.  by  Seekonk 
or  Providence  river,  which  separates  it  from  the 
state  of  Rhode  Island.  Incorporated  in  1812. 
Watered  by  Ten  Mile  r.,  which  affords  water 
power.  The  v.  of  Pawtucket  lies  partly  in  the 
n.  w.  part  of  this  t.,  (which  see.)  The  v.,  situ- 
ated on  Ten  Mile  r.  near  its  junction  with  Provi- 
dence r.,  contains  1  Congregational  and  1  Baptist 
church,  and  several  factories.  There  are  in  the 
t.  5  stores,  cap.  $4,900  ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  cotton  fac. 
6,010  sp.,  1  tannery,  6  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $75,100.  1  acad.  4  students,  13  sen. 
343  scholars.     Pop.  1,996. 

Seely  Creek,  p-o.,  Southport  t.,  Chemung 
co.,  N.  Y.,  203  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  271  W. 

Seelysburg,  p-o.,  Napoli  t.,  Cattaraugus  co., 
N.  Y.,  309  w.  by  s.  Albany,  345  W. 

Seiberlingville,  p-o.,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  88  e. 
s.  E.  Harrisburg,  178  W. 

Seigfrieds  Ferry,  p-o.,  Northampton  co., 
Pa.,  86  e.  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  178  W. 

Selbys  Port,  p-v.,  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,214  N. 
w.  Annapolis,  172  W. 

Selins  Grove,  p-v.,  Penn  t.,  Union  co.,  Pa., 
51  n.  Harrisburg,  161  W.  Situated  on  Susque- 
hanna r.,  at  the  junction  of  Penn's  cr.  It  contains 
1  church,  6  stores,  100  dwellings,  and  about  800 
inhabitants. 

Seller's  Tavern,  p-o.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  49  e. 
Harrisburg,  168  W. 

Selma,  p-v.,  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  83  s.  s.  e.  Tusca- 
loosa, 844  W.  Situated  on  the  N.  bank  of  Ala- 
bama r.  It  contains  several  stores,  and  about 
900  inhabitants. 

Selma,  p-v.,  Jefferson  co.,  Mo.,  168  E.  by  s. 
Jefferson  City,  818  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank 
of  the  Mississippi  r.,  35  ms.  below  St.  Ix>uis,  and 
5  below  Herculaneum.  It  has  a  good  landing 
place,  a  large  mercantile  house,  a  shot  fac,  ana 
considerable  trade.  Lead  is  extensively  ex- 
ported. 

Sempronius,  p-t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y.,  16  s.  e. 
Auburn,  164  w.  Albany,  328  W.  The  surface  is 
rolling;  soil,  clay  loam.  Skeneateles  lake  lies 
on  its  n.  E.  border.  Drained  by  small  streams 
flowing  into  Skeneateles  and  Owasco  lakes.  It 
has  2  stores,  cap.  $3,500  ;  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m., 
9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,645.  9  sch.  577 
scholars.     Pop.  1,304. 

Senatoba,  p-o.,  De  Soto  co.,  Miss 

Seneca,  lake,  N.  Y.  One  of  the  largest  and 
most  beautiful  of  the  lakes  in  the  w.  part  of  the 
state.  It  is  40  ms.  long  from  s.  to  n.,  and  from  2 
to  4  ms.  wide,  very  deep,  and  never  frozen  over. 
The  depth  has  been  ascertained  to  be  560  feet, 
12  ms.  above  the  outlet.  The  shores  of  the  lake 
are  beautiful  and  picturesque,  and  the  outlet 
flowing  from  its  n.  e.  part,  affords  extensive  wa- 
ter power  at  Waterloo  v.,  6  miles,  and  Seneca 
Falls,  10  ms.  from  the  lake.  Crooked  lake  outlet 
enters  this  lake  from  the  w.  at  Dresden,  12  miles 
above  Geneva.  Steamboats  on  this  lake  run 
daily  from  Geneva  to  Jefferson,  at  the  head  of  the 
lake,  40  ms.  A  canal  extends  from  this  lake  to 
the  Erie  canal,  and  a  canal  also  connects  it  with 
Crooked  lake. 


SEN 


COO 


SEV 


Senega,  river,  N.  Y.,  formed  by  the  outlets  of 
Cayuga,  Canandaigua,  Owaseo,  Skeneateles,  and 
Onondaga  lakes.  After  it  receives  the  outlet  of 
Oneida  lake,  it  becomes  Oswego  i\,  anil  enters 
Lake  Ontario  at  Oswego  v. 

Seneca,  river,  S.  O,  rises  in  the  Blue  ridge  in 
N.  C,  and  flows  s.  through  Pendleton  and  Ander- 
son districts,  S.  C,  and  enters  Tugaloo  r.  It  has 
numerous  tributaries,  and  is  about  50  ms.  long. 

Seneca,  county,  N.  Y.  Situa'ed  near  the  cen- 
tre of  the  state,  chiefly  between  Seneca  lake  on 
the  w.,  and  Cayuga  lake  on  the  e.,  and  contains 
308  sq.  ms.  The  surface  between  the  lakes  is 
beautifully  and  gently  uneven,  being  most  ele- 
vated in  the  middle.  The  soil  is  a  calcareous 
loam  and  mould,  and  fertile.  Drained  by  Seneca 
river.  Beds  of  gypsum  are  found  near  Seneca 
Falls  v.  Near  Canoga  v.  is  a  mineral  spring, 
which  emits  nitrogen  gas.  Capitals,  Ovid  and 
Waterloo.  There  were  in  1810,  neat  cattle 
21,222,  sheep  63,824,  swine  25,981 ;  wheat  398,505 
bush,  produced,  rye  5,526,  Indian  corn  177,795, 
buckwheat  19,798,  barley  11,147,  oats  232,446, 
potatoes  199,387,  hops  1,203  pounds,  sugar  25,845; 
55  stores,  cap.  $172,900 ;  1  furnace,  7  fulling  m., 
2  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  2,500  sp.,  9  tanner- 
ies, 4  distilleries,  1  brewTery,  4  potteries,  11  flour- 
ing m.,  10  grist  m.,  25  saw  m.,  5  oil  m.,  1  paper 
fac,  4  printing  offices,  3  weekly,  1  semi-weekly, 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $585,684.  3  acad. 
215  students,  95  sch.  4,360  scholars.  Population 
24,874. 

Seneca,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  N.  part  of 
the  state,  and  contains  540  sq.  ms.  The  surface 
is  level ;  soil,  very  fertile.  Drained  by  Sandusky 
river  and  its  tributaries.  Capital,  Tiffin.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  18,035,  sheep  21,027, 
swine  34,256 ;  wheat  348,194  bushels  produced, 
rye  20,223,  Ind.  corn  306,051,  buckwheat  9,510, 
oats  174,736,  potatoes  89,755,  tobacco  1,211  lbs., 
sugar  199,706 ;  36  stores,  cap.  $48,876  ;  6  tanner- 
ies, 4  distilleries,  2  breweries,  3  potteries,  1  flour- 
ing m.,  14  grist  m.,  34  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices, 
2  weekly  newspapers.  Capital  in  manufactures 
$37,691.    82  sch.  2,382  scholars.    Pop.  18,128. 

Seneca,  t.,  Ontario  co.,  N.  Y.,  15  e.  Canan- 
daigua, 179  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  undula- 
ting, and  hilly  on  the  s. ;  soil,  a  fertile  sandy  clay 
and  loam.  Seneca  lake  lies  on  its  s.  E.  border. 
Drained  by  Flint  cr.  It  contains  the  important 
v.  of  Geneva.  There  are  in  the  t.  48  stores,  cap. 
$179,900 ;  3  fulling  m.,  4  tanneries,  2  breweries, 
2  printing  offices,  1  newspaper,  1  periodical,  3 
flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $134,700.  1  college  126  students,  6  acad. 
393  students,  21  sch.  1,275  scholars.  Pop.  7,073. 
Seneca,  t.,  Guernsey  co.,  O.  Pop  1,359. 
Seneca,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  O.  Pop.  1,348. 
Seneca,  t.,  Seneca  co.,  O.  It  has  1  store,  1 
tannery,  1  distillery,  1  pottery,  1  flouring  m.,  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,677.  8  sch.  225 
scholars.    Pop.  1,393. 

Seneca,  t.,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.  It  has  2  saw 
m.    Pop.  581. 

Seneca  Castle,  p-o.,  Seneca  t.,  Ontario  co., 
N.  Y.,  186  w.  Albany,  351  W. 

Seneca  Falls,  p-t.,  Seneca  co.,  N.  Y.,  4  e. 
Waterloo,  166  w.  Albany,  342  W.  The  surface 
is  undulating ;  soil,  generally  a  fertile  loam. 
Cayuga  lake  lies  on  its  s.  e.  border.  Watered  by 
Seneca  r.  The  Cayuga  and  Seneca  canal  passes 
through  the  place.  The  v.  is  situated  on  both 
sides  of  the  outlet  of  Seneca  lake.  Incorporated 
in  1831,  and  contains  5  churches— 1  Presbyterian 
1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Roman 
Catholic — an  academy,  20  stores,  1  cotton  fac 


plaster  m.,  1  distillery,  2  iron  foundries,  2  pump 
fac,  1  sash  fac,  1  paper  m.,  1  axe  fac,  1  cloth- 
dressing  works,  1  tannery,  and  1  boat-yard,  400 
dwellings,  and  about  3,000  inhabitants.  Gypsum 
is  found  in  the  vicinity,  and  ground  here  for  mar- 
ket. The  water  power  here  is  very  great,  the 
outlet  having  a  descent  of  40  feet  in  the  distance 
of  1  mile.  Here  are  5  locks  in  the  Seneca  and 
Cayuga  canal,  which  unites  with  the  Erie  canal 
at  Montezuma.  There  are  in  the  t.  28  stores, 
capital  $113,700;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $4,000;  3 
fulling  m.,  1  cotton  fac  2,500  sp.,  1  tannery,  2 
distilleries,  1  brewery,  2  potteries,  1  paper  fac.,  2 
printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers,  7  flouring 
m.,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $436,918.  1  acad.  101  students,  14  sch.  743 
scholars.     Pop.  4,281. 

Senecaville,  p-v.,  Seneca  t.,  Guernsey  co., 
O.,  90  e.  Columbus,  316  W. 

Senex,  p-o.,  McLean  co.,  111.,  98  n.  e.  Spring- 
field,  758  W. 

Sennett,  p-t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y.,  158  n.  by  w. 
Albany,  338  W.  The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil, 
clay  and  gravelly  loam,  well  cultivated.  Drain- 
ed by  branches  of  Seneca  r.  The  v.  contains  1 
Presbyterian  and  1  Baptist  church,  2  stores,  30 
dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants.  There  are 
in  the  t.  1  store,  cap.  $3,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  distil- 
lery, 3  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,250.  17  sch. 
785  scholars.    Pop.  2,060. 

Serepta,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  N.  J.,  61  n.  Tren- 
ton, 216  W. 

Seargeantsville,  p-v.,  Caswell  co.,  N.  C, 
86  n.  w.  Raleigh,  262  W. 

Sergeant,  t.,  McKean  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000.  3  sch. 
36  scholars.  Pop.  218. 
Service,  p-o.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa. 
Setauket,  p-v.,  Brookhaven  t,  Suffolk  co., 
N.  Y.,  200  s.  s.  e.  Albany,  280  W.  Situated  on 
the  n.  side  of  Long  Island,  with  a  good  harbor. 
It  contains  1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  and  1 
Baptist  church,  several  stores,  125  dwellings,  and 
about  800  inhabitants. 

Setzler's  Store,  p-o.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  74  e. 
s.  e.  Harrisburg,  162  W. 

Seven  Mile,  p-o.,  Butler  co.,  O. 
Seven  Mile  Ford,  p-o.,  Smyth  co.,  Va.,  281 
w.  by  s.  Richmond,  349  W. 
Seven  Mile  Prairie,  p-o.,  Darke  co.,  O. 
Seventy  Six,  p-o.,  Beavjer  co.,  Pa.,  232  w.  by 
N.  Harrisburg,  257  W. 

Seventy  Six,  p-o.,  Clinton  co.,  Ky.,  120  s. 
Frankfort,  626  W. 
Seven  Valleys,  p-o.,  York  co.,  Pa. 
Sevier,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  E. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  500  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  French  Broad  r.,  and  Little  Pigeon  r.  and 
its  branches,  flowing  into  the  former.  Great 
Smoky  mountain  runs  on  its  s.  e.  border.  Capi- 
tal, Sevierville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
6,307,  sheep  5,276,  swine  19,898 ;  wheat  48,033 
bush,  produced,  rye  1,648,  Ind.  corn  339,113,  oats 
50,689,  potatoes  10,825,  tobacco  4,110  pounds,  cot- 
ton 16,252,  sugar  3,375 ;  10  stores,  cap.  $40,600 ; 
1  furnace,  1  forge,  4  tanneries,  17  distilleries,  1 
pottery,  5  flouring  m.,  15  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $24,485.  1  acad.  23  students,  20  sch. 
513  scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,048,  slaves  354,  free 
col'd  40 ;  total,  6,442. 

Sevier,  county,  Ark.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  2,500  sq.  miles. 
Drained  by  Saline,  Cosselose,  and  Rolling  Fork 
crs.,  branches  of  North  Little  r.,  flowing  into  Red 
r.,  which  runs  on  its  s.  border.  Capital,  Para- 
clifta.    There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,676, 


flouring  m.  with  27  run  of  stones,  5  saw  m.,  2 1  sheep  997,  swine  16,091 ;  wheat  1,297  bush,  pro- 


SUA 


607 


SHA 


duced,  Indian  corn  150,730,  oats  6,404,  potatoes 
12,731),  rice  4,634  pounds,  tobacco  3,477,  cotton 
705,394  ;  10  stores,  cap.  §28,760 ;  1  distillery,  6 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,300.  7 
sch.  163  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,076,  slaves  527, 
freecol'd7;  total,  2,810. 

Sevierville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Sevier  co.,Tenn., 

213  E.  by  s.  Nashville,  494  W  Situated  between 
the  e.  and  w.  forks  of  Little  Pigeon  r.  It  con- 
tains a  court  bouse,  jail,  1  church,  1  academy, 
ami  about  110  inhabitants. 

Seville,  t.,  Medina  co.,  O.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $4,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  furnace,  1  tannery,  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,160.  1  acad.  26 
students,  1  sch.  40  scholars.     Pop.  249. 

Sewee,  p-o.,  McMinn  co.,  Tenn. 

Sewell's  Mountain,  p  o.,  Fayette  co.,  Va., 
243  w.  Richmond,  280  W. 

Sewellsville.  p-o.,  Kirkwood  t.,  Belmont 
co.,  O.,  99  e.  Columbus,  302  W. 

Seward,  t.,  Schoharie  co.,  N.  Y.,  15  w.  Scho- 
harie, 47  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  elevated 
and  undulating  ;  soil,  generally  fertile.  Drained 
by  Cobbleskill  cr.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $10,800  ; 
1  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  9  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,100.  13  sch.  600  scholars. 
Pop.  2,088. 

Sewickly,  t,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.  Drain- 
ed by  Sewickly  cr.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $12,650 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  2  paper 
fac,  4  flouring  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$73,948.    Pop.  1,573. 

Sewickly  Bottom,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa., 

214  w.  Harrisburg,  240  W. 

Sextons,  p-o.,  Boone  co.,  Mo.,  45  n.  Jefferson 
City,  950  W. 

Shackelford's,  p-o.,  King  and  Queen  co., 
Va.,  68  e.  Richmond,  156  W. 

Shade,  p-o.,  Athens  co.,  O.,  180  s.  e.  Colum- 
bus, 347  W. 

Shade,  creek,  Pa.,  rises  in  the  Alleghany  mts. 
m  Somerset  co.,  and  flows  into  Conemaugh  r.  at 
Johnstown. 

Shade,  mts.,  Pa.,  a  ridge  of  the  Alleghany 
chain,  extending  40  ms.  from  Bedford  co.,  through 
Huntingdon  co.  into  Mifflin  co. 

Shade,  t.,  Somerset  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $2,000 ;  1  furnace,  2  distilleries,  4  grist  m., 
8  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,750.    Pop.  1,052. 

Shade  Gap,  p-o.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  73  w. 
Harrisburg,  119  W. 

Shady  Dale,  p-o.,  Jasper  co.,  Ga.,  41  w.  s.  w. 
Milledgeville,  634  W. 

Shady  Grove,  p-o.,  Frankin  co.,  Va.,  184  w.  s. 
w.  Richmond,  259  W. 

Shady  Grove,  p-o.,  Union  dist.,  S.  C,  68  n.  w. 
Columbia,  476  W. 

Shady  Grove,  p-o.,  Union  co.,  Ga.,  170  n.  n. 
w.  Milledgeville,  611  W. 

Shady  Grove,  p-o.,  Gibson  co.,  Tenn.,  115  w. 
Nashville,  798  W. 

Shady  Grove,  p-o.,  Washington  par.,  La.,  84 
N.  New  Orleans,  1008  W. 

Shaefferstown,  p-v.,  Heidelberg  t.,  Lebanon 
co.,  Pa.,  32  E.  Harrisburg,  130  W.  It  contains  1 
Lutheran  and  1  Presbyterian  church,  4  stores, 
110  dwellings,  and  about  700  inhabitants. 

Shafers,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  116  n.  e.  Har- 
risburg, 212  W. 

Shaftsbury,  p-t.,  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  110  s. 
Montpelier,  414  W.  The  surface  is  elevated  and 
uneven  ;  soil  fertile,  particularly  in  the  s.  part. 
Watered  by  branches  of  Walloomsac  and  Batten- 
kill  rivers,  which  afford  water  power.  Iron  ore 
and  marble  are  found.  It  contains  3  churches — 
2  Baptist  and  1  Methodist.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$5,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  4 


saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  £7,'.MK>.  1  acad.  20 
students,  K)  .-eh.  905  scholars.     Top.  1,885. 

Shaker  Villagk,  p-v.,  Canterbury  t.,  Merri- 
mack co.,  N.  II.,  14  n.  Concord,  195  w 

Siialkrsville,  p-t.,  Portage  co.,  O.,  5  n.  Ra- 
venna, 145  n.  e.  Columbus,  330  W.  The  surface 
is  moderately  uneven  ;  soil,  fertile.  Watered  by 
Cuyahoga  r.  It  has  7  sch.  265  scholars.  Pop. 
1,231. 

Shallotte,  p-o.,  Brunswick  co.,  N.  C,  167  s. 
Raleigh,  420  W. 

Shamokin,  cr.,  Pa.,  falls  into  the  e.  side  of 
Susquehanna  r.,  2  ms.  below  Sunbury,  and  is  30 
ms.  long. 

Shamokin,  p-t.,  Northumberland  co.,  Pa.,  76 
N.  Harrisburg,  186  W.  The  surface  consists  of 
hills  and  valleys ;  soil,  alluvial,  red  shale  and 
gravel.  Watered  by  Shamokin  cr.  The  v.  con- 
tains 1  store,  and  about  15  dwellings.  There  are 
4  churches  in  the  t ;  6  stores,  cap.  $16,300 ;  3 
tanneries,  1  distillery,  4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $21,875.  6  sch.  205  scholars.  Pop. 
1,983. 

Shamokin  Dam,  p-o.,  Union  co.,  Pa.,  55  n. 
Harrisburg,  165  W. 

Shamrock,  p-o.,  Callaway  co.,  Mo.,  39  n.  e. 
Jefferson  City,  913  W. 

Shamrock  Mills,  p-o.,  Providence  co.,  R.  I., 
41  n.  w.  Providence,  3S6  W. 

Shancks,  p-o.,  Richland  co.,  O.,  51  n.  by  E. 
Columbus,  390  W. 

Shandaken,  p-t.,  Ulster  co.,  N.  Y.,  83  s.  s.  w. 
Albany,  342  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous, 
lving  on  the  Catskill  range;  soil,  indifferent. 
Drained  by  Esopus  cr.  and  Neversink  r.  It  has 
2  stores,  cap.  $4,000;  4  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  17 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $33,470.  7  sch.  301 
scholars.     Pop.  1,455. 

Shane's  Crossings,  p-o.,  Dublin  t.,  Mercer 
co.,  O.,  124  w.  n.  w.  Columbus,  504  W.  The  v., 
called  Shanesville,  is  situated  on  St.  Mary's  r., 
and  contains  1  store,  1  tannery,  and  about  12 
dwellings. 

Shanesville,  p-v.,  Sugar  Creek  t.,  Tuscara- 
was co.,  O.,  107  e.  n.  e.  Columbus,  325  W.  Situ- 
ated on  Sugar  cr.,  and  contains  2  stores,  and 
about  200  inhabitants. 

Shannon,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  2,400  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Current  r.  and  its  branches,  and  Big  Black  r. 
Capital,  Shannon  C.  H. 

Shannon,  p-v.,  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  68  e.  n.  e. 
Frankfort,  474  W. 

Shannon  Hill,  p-o.,  Goochland  co.,  Va.,  48 
w.  s.  w.  Richmond,  149  W. 

Shannonsville,d-y.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  84 
E.  Harrisburg,  160  W. 

Shannonsville,  p-v.,  Perry  co.,  Tenn.,  109 
s.  w.  by  w.  Nashville,  793  W. 

Shapleigh,  p-t.,  York  co.,  Me.,  89  s.  w.  Au- 
gusta, 522  W.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  adapt- 
ed to  grain  and  grazing.  It  has  several  large 
ponds,  one  of  which  gives  rise  to  Mousum  r.,  and 
another,  on  its  n.  w.  border,  to  Salmon  Falls  r., 
which  runs  on  its  w.  border.  Incorporated  in 
1785.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  2,600  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  8  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,155.  634  scholars  in 
schools.     Pop.  1,510. 

Sharon,  t.,  Hillsborough  co.,  N.  H.,  watered 
by  a  branch  of  Souhegan  r.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$2,500 ;  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  2  sch.  57  scholars. 
Pop.  251. 

Sharon,  p-t,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  40  s.  Montpe- 
lier, 495  W.  The  surface  is  broken ;  soil  pro- 
ductive. Watered  by  White  r.,  which  affords 
|  water  power.    The  v.,  situated  on  White  r.,coa 


SHA 


608 


SHA 


tains  a  Congregational  church,  several  stores,  va- 
rious mechanic  shops,  and  about  30  dwellings. 
The  t.  has  2  stores,  cap.  $17,000 ;  1  fulling  m., 
2  tanneries,  1  paper  fac,  1  grist  m.,  8  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $21,000.     Pop. 

Sharon,  p-t.,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  17  s.  s.  w. 
Boston,  425  W.  The  surface  is  uneven.  It  con- 
tains Mashapoag  pond,  from  which  flows  a  branch 
of  Neponset  r.  It  contains  3  churches — 2  Con- 
gregational and  1  Baptist.  The  Boston  and  Pro- 
vidence railroad  passes  through  the  t.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $5,500;  1  cotton  fac.  1,123  sp.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $14,000;  5  sch.  270  scholars.  Pop. 
1,076. 

Sharon,  p-t,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct.,  48  w.  Hart- 
ford, 332  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  mountain- 
ous ;  soil,  gravelly  loam,  adapted  to  grazing  and 
to  grain.  Housatonic  r.  bounds  it  on  the  E. 
There  are  several  ponds  in  the  n.  w.  part,  the 
outlet  of  which  affords  water  power.  Several 
bridges  across  the  Housatonic  connect  it  with 
Cornwall.  The  v.  at  the  centre  is  pleasantly 
situated,  principally  on  one  street,  and  contains  3 
churches — 1  Congregational,  1  Episcopal,  and  1 
Methodist— an  academy,  and  about  60  dwellings, 
many  of  them  neat.  Incorporated  in  1739. 
There  are  in  the  t.  6  stores,  cap.  $20,300 ;  1  cot- 
ton fac.  720  sp.,  1  furnace,  1  forge,  2  tanneries, 
2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $77,225 ; 
16  sch.  475  scholars.     Pop.  2,407. 

Sharon,  p-t.,  Schoharie  co.,  N.  Y.,  43  w.  Al- 
bany, 392  W.  The  surface  is  elevated  and 
undulating;  soil,  calcareous  loam.  Limestone 
abounds.  It  contains  some  curious  caverns,  and 
a  celebrated  mineral  spring,  strongly  resembling 
the  White  Sulphur  springs  of  Va.,  highly  effica- 
cious in  rneumatic,  cutaneous,  and  dyspeptic 
complaints.  A  splendid  hotel  has  been  here 
erected  for  the  accommodation  of  visiters,  and 
the  scenery  around  is  highly  romantic.  It  has  8 
stores,  cap.  $26,000 ;  3  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  2 
grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,600.  14 
sch.  782  scholars.     Pop.  2,520. 

Sharon,  p-v.,  Pymatuning  t.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa., 
249  w.  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  292  W.  Situated  on 
the  w.  bank  of  Shenango  cr.,  and  contains  seve- 
ral stores,  and  about  20  dwellings. 

Sharon,  t,  Potter  co.,  Pa.  It  has  9  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $114,500.  2  sch.  40  scholars. 
Pop.  259. 

Sharon,  p-v.,  Wythe  co.,  Va.,  265  w.  by  s. 
Richmond,  333  W.  Situated  at  the  head  of  the 
n.  fork  of  Holston  r. 

Sharon,  p-v.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.  C,  165  w. 
s.  w.  Raleigh,  404  W. 

Sharon,  p-o.,  Olive  t..  Morgan  co.,  O.,  93  e. 
by  s.  Columbus,  315  W.  It  has  1  store,  1  tannery, 
1  oil  m.,  1  pottery,  12  dwellings,  and  about  75  in- 
habitants. 

Sharon,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  O.  The  surface  is 
level  or  slightly  undulating ;  soil,  fertile.  First 
settled  in  1803.  It  contains  the  v.  of  Worthing- 
ton.     It  has  2  sch.  40  scholars.     Pop.  728. 

Sharon,  t.,  Medina  co.,  O.,  organized  in  1830, 
and  contains  a  church  and  an  academy.  It  has 
1  store,  cap.  $1,200;  4  sch.  167  scholars.  Pop. 
1,315. 

Sharon,  p-t.,  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  56  w. 
Detroit,  532  W.  The  soil  is  very  fertile,  adapted 
to  grain.    It  has  2  saw  m. 

Sharon,  p-o.,  Chambers  co.,  Ala. 

Sharon,  p-v.,  Whitesides  co.,  111.,  174  n. 
Springfield,  869  W. 

Sharon,  p-v.,  Madison  co.,  Miss.,  30  n.  Jack- 
son, 1,005  W. 

Sharon  Centre,  p-o.,  Sharon  t.,  Schoharie 
co.,  N.  Y.,  46  w.  Albany,  388  W. 


Sharon  Centre,  p-v.,  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  192  n. 
n.  w.  Harrisburg,  308  W. 

Sharon  Centre,  p-v.,  Sharon  t.,  Medina  co., 
O.,  126  n.  e.  Columbia,  342  W.  It  contains  a 
church  and  an  academy. 

Sharonville,  p-v.,  Hamilton  co.,  O.,  102  w 
s.  w.  Columbus,  485  W. 

Sharpes  Store,  p-o.,  Lowndes  co.,  Ga.,  256 
s.  Milledgeville,  900  W. 

Sharpesville,  p-v.,  Montgomery  co.,  Ala., 
128  s.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  855  W. 

Sharpsburg,  p-v.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  206 
w.  Harrisburg,  233  W. 

Sharpsburg,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Md.,  97 
n.  w.  Annapolis,  65  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side 
of  Potomac  r. 

Sharpsburg,  p-v.,  Bath  co.,  Ky.,  62  e.  Frank- 
fort, 508  W. 

Sharpsburg,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Mo.,  94  n.  Jef- 
ferson City,  942  W. 

Sharptown,  p-v.,  Pilesgrove  t.,  Salem  co.,  N. 
J.,  55  s.  Trenton,  166  W.  Situated  on  Salem  cr., 
and  contains  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  and  about  50 
dwellings. 

Shartlevilxe,  p-v.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  65  e.  Har- 
risburg, 175  W. 

Shavers  Creek,  p-o.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  95 
w.  Harrisburg,  160  W. 

Shavertown,  p-o.,  Andes  t.,  Delaware  co.,  N. 
Y.,  89  s.  w.  Albany,  325  W. 

Shawangunk,  cr.,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Orange  co., 
and  flows  n.  e.  into  Wallkill  r.,  in  Ulster  co. 

Shawangunk,  mts.,  N.  Y.,  are  a  continuation 
of  the  Alleghany  chain,  extending  from  the  Dela- 
ware r.,  in  Orange  co.,  through  Sullivan  co.,  to 
New  Paltz  t.,  in  Ulster  co.  They  are  cultivated 
on  the  e.  declivity,  but  precipitous  on  the  w. 
They  contain  a  lead  mine. 

Shawangunk,  p-t.,  Ulster  co.,  N.  Y.,  24  s.  w. 
Kingston,  87  s.  Albany,  296  W.  The  surl'ace  is 
hilly  and  mountainous  on  the  N.  w.,  but  rolling 
or  level  on  the  E. ;  soil,  mostly  sandy  loam,  and 
very  productive.  Drained  by  Shawangunk  cr.,  and 
Wallkill  r.  The  v.  contains  3  stores,  1  flouring 
m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  distilleries,  and  about  20 
dwellings.  9  mammoth  skeletons  have  been  dug 
up  in  this  and  the  adjoining  towns,  one  of  which 
is  exhibited  in  Peale's  Museum  in  Philadelphia. 
There  are.  in  the  t.  6  stores,  cap.  $30,000 ;  1 
woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  4  grist  m.,  2  sawm.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $19,250 ;  19  sch.  795  scholars.  Pop. 
3,886. 

Shawnee,  p-o.,  Wheatfield  t,  Niagara  co.,  N. 
Y.,  285  w.  by  N.  Albany,  410  W. 

Shawnee,  t.,  Fountain  co.,  la.  It  has  317  scho- 
lars in  schools.     Pop.  1,439. 

Shawnee  Prairie,  p-o.,  Fountain  co.,  la.,  78 
w.  Indianapolis-,  644  W. 

Shawnee  Run,  p-o.,  Mercer  co.,  Ky.,  38  s. 
Frankfort,  546  W. 

Shawneetown,  p-v.,  Gallatin  co.,  111.,  195  s. 
s.  e.  Springfield,  762  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  w. 
bank  of  Ohio  r.,  10  ms.  below  the  mouth  of  the 
Wabash  r.  The  bank  of  the  r.  has  a  gradual 
ascent,  but  not  sufficient  to  prevent  inundation 
in  extreme  high  floods.  It  has  12  or  15  stores,  a 
printing  office,  a  bank,  a  United  States  land  office, 
and  862  inhabitants.  It  was  laid  out  in  1814,  and 
is  one  of  the  most  commercial  places  in  southern 
Illinois.    Pop.  of  the  t.  1,780. 

Shawono,  county,  Mich.  Situated  centrally 
toward  the  n.  part  of  the  peninsula,  and  contains 
576  sq.  ms.  Watered  by  the  n.  and  s.  branches 
of  Ausable  r.  and  their  tributaries.  It  is  unor- 
ganized. 

Shaw's  Meadows,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  118 
n.  E.  Harrisburg,  211  W. 


SHE 


609 


SHE 


Shaws  Mills,  p-o.,  Guilford  co.,  N.  C,  73 
w.  by  N.Raleigh,  313  W. 

Sheboygan,  r.,  Wis.  ter.,  rises  in  Fond  du  Lue 
co.,  near  Lake  Winnebago,  and  passing  through 
a  small  lake  in  the  n.  w.  part  of  Sheboygan  co., 
it  proceeds  eastwardly,  by  a  winding  course,  to 
Lake  Michigan. 

Sheboygan,  county,  Wis.  Situated  in  the  e. 
part  of  the  territory,  and  contains  500  sq.  ms. 
Bounded  e.  by  Lake  Michigan.  Watered  by 
Sheboygan  r.  and  its  branches,  and  by  branches 
of  Milwaukie  r.  It  has  a  fertile  soil.  Capital, 
Sheboygan.  There  were  in  1810,  neat  cattle 
59,  swine  83 ;  wheat  548  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  170,  oats  985,  potatoes  1,808,  sugar  910  lbs. ; 
1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,000. 
Pop.  133. 

Sheboygan,  v.,  capital  of  Sheboygan  co.,Wis. 
Situated  on  the  s.  side  of  Sheboygan  r.,  at  its 
entrance  into  Lake  Michigan. 

Sheboygan  Falls,  p-o.,  Sheboygan  co.,  Wis., 
146  k.  n.  e.  Madison,  868  W. 

Sheepscot,  r.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  rises  in  ponds 
in  Palermo  t.,  and  flows  s.  about  35  ms.,  into 
Sheepscot  bay,  at  Wiscasset,  where  is  one  of  the 
best  harbors  in  Maine.  It  has  falls  which  afford 
good  water  power. 

Sheepscot  Bridge,  p-v.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  25 
s.  Augusta,  593  W.  Situated  between  Wiscasset 
and  Newcastle,  where  are  a  small  v.  and  several 
mills. 

Sheetz  Mills,  p-o.,  Hampshire  co.,  Va.,  204 
N.  n.  w.  Richmond,  132  W. 

Sheffield,  p-t.,  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  45  n.  e. 
Montpelier,  558  W.  The  surface  is  elevated. 
Watered  by  head  branches  of  Pasumpsic  r., 
which  flows  to  Connecticut  r.,  and  of  Barton  r., 
which  flows  to  Lake  Memphremagog.  It  has 
several  small  ponds  in  its  n.  part.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $5,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,700.  10  sch.  319  scholars. 
Pop.  821. 

Sheffield,  p-t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  20  s. 
Lenox,  28  E.  Hudson,  N.  Y.,  133  w.  s.  w.  Boston, 
349  W.  The  surface  is  generally  level ;  soil,  a 
sandy  loam  or  fertile  alluvion.  Drained  by 
Housatonic  r.  and  Konkopot  r.,  its  tributary,  and 
another  small  branch  from  the  w.,  which  afford 
water  power.  The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated  on 
a  plain,  on  one  extended  street,  and  contains  a 
handsome  Congregational  church,  several  stores, 
and  a  number  of  neat  dwellings.  It  is  the  oldest 
t.  in  the  co.,  having  been  chartered  in  1733,  re- 
duced to  its  present  limits  in  1761.  Marble  and 
iron  ore  are  found.  There  are  in  the  t.  8  stores, 
cap.  $22,000 ;  2  fulling  m.,3  tanneries,  3  distilleries, 
1  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,000. 
1  acad.  160  students,  13  sch.  618  scholars.  Pop. 
2,322. 

Sheffield,  p-t.,  Warren  co.,Pa.,  91  n.  w.  Har- 
risburg,  283  W.  It  has  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $18,500.    3  sch.  24  scholars.    Pop.  116. 

Sheffield,  p-v.,  Newton  co.,  Ga.,  71  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  658  W. 

Sheffield,  p-o.,  Fayette  co.,  Ala. 

Sheffield,  p-t.,  Lorain  co.,  O.,  137  N.  N.  E. 
Columbus,  332  W.  Lake  Erie  bounds  it  on  the 
n.  Watered  by  Black  r.,  which  is  navigable  to 
the  centre  of  the  t.  It  contains  a  manual  labor 
academy.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $3,000.     3  sch.  100  scholars.     Pop.  521. 

Sheffield,  t.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O,  Named  from 
Sheffield,  Mass.  It  has  5  sch.  202  scholars.  Pop. 
634. 

Shelburne,  p-t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H«,  111  n.  Con- 
cord, 594  W.  Watered  by  Androscoggin  r.,  and 
its  branches.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  on 
77 


the  streams,  fertile.  It  contains  in  its  8.  part  an 
elevated  peak  of  the  White  mountains,  and  a 
precipitous  rocky  elevation  near  its  centre,  60  feet 
high.  Incorporated  in  1820.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$10,000  :  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$2,625  ;  3  sch.  Ill  scholars.     Pop.  350. 

Shelburne,  p-t.,  Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  6  s.  Bur- 
lington, 48  w.  by  n.  Montpelier,  505  W.  Lake 
Champlain  bounds  it  on  the  w.  The  surface  on 
the  lake  shore  is  level,  back  of  it,  it  is  moderately 
uneven ;  soil,  generally  fertile,  particularly  on 
the  lake.  Watered  by  Laplotte  r.,  which  affords 
water  power.  The  v.  contains  a  church,  com- 
mon to  Episcopalians  and  Congregationalists,  and 
a  number  of  dwellings.  Laplotte  r.  enters  the 
head  of  Shelburne  bay,  a  fine  sheet  of  water 
which  sets  up  4  ms.  from  the  lake,  in  a  s.  w.  di- 
rection, and  is  navigable.  There  are  in  the  t.  1 
store,  cap.  $2,500;  1  fulling  m.    Pop.  1,098. 

Shelburne,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  5  w. 
Greenfield,  96  w.  by  n.  Boston,  406  W.  Deer- 
field  r.  runs  on  its  w.  and  s.  w.  border,  and  affords 
water  power.  Near  the  centre  is  a  v.  containing 
a  Congregational  church.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$3,400 ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  7  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,700.  2  acad.  460  stu- 
dents, 9  sch.  285  scholars.    Pop.  1,022. 

Shelburne  Falls,  p-v.,  Shelburne  t.,  Frank- 
lin co.,  Mass.,  101  w.  by  n.  Boston,  411  W.  Sit- 
uated on  Deerfield  river,  in  the  w.  part  of  the  t., 
where  the  r.  falls  47  feet  in  40  rods.  It  contains 
a  Baptist  church,  an  academy,  and  about  30 
dwellings,  some  of  them  neat. 

Shelby,  county,  Ala.  Situated  near  the  cen- 
tre of  the  state,  and  contains  950  sq.  ms.  Coosa 
r.  runs  on  its  e.  boundary.  Drained  by  Cahawba 
r.  and  its  branches,  and  branches  of  Coosa  r. 
Capital,  Columbiana.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  5,824,  sheep  1,944,  swine  14,630;   wheat 

1 17,023  bush,  produced,  Indian  corn  179,650,  oats 

19,946,  potatoes  7,223,  tobacco  1,197  pounds,  cot- 

|ton  510,383;  6  stores,  cap.  $13,200;  2  forges,  2 

:  distilleries,  2  flouring  m.,  8  grist  m.,  5  saw  m. 

|  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,850.     6  sch.  45  scholars. 

i  Pop.  whites  2,013,  slaves   1,616,  free  colored  2; 

j  total,  6,112. 

j     Shelby,  county,  Tenn.    Situated  in  the  s.  w. 

;  corner  of  the  state,  and  contains  600  square  ms. 
The  Mississippi  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border.    Drained 

I  by  Loosahatchy,  Wolf,  and  Nonconna  rivers, 
which  flow  into  the  Mississippi  r.  The  soil  is 
very  fertile.  Capital,  Raleigh.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  15,345,  sheep  4,732,  swine 
39,862;  wheat  12,912  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
551,790,  oats   23,452,   potatoes    36,562,   tobacco 

1 36,870  pounds,  cotton  1,086,050 ;  27  commission 

!  houses,  cap.  $1,099,800;  30  stores,  9  grist  m.,  4 

j  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  and  2  semi- 
weekly  newspapers.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $20,000. 

1 9  acad.  245  students,  7  sch.  234  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  7,605,  slaves  7,043,  free  col'd  73 ;  total, 
14,721. 

Shelby,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  n.  to- 
ward the  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  442 
sq.  ms.  Drained  by  Brashears  cr.  and  numerous 
tributaries,  and  branches  of  Floyd's  fork,  all  of 
which  flow  into   Salt  r.    Capital,  Shelbyville. 

'There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  18,747,  sheep 
30,860,  swine  73,011,  wheat  177,721  bushels  pro- 
duced, rye  49,449,  Indian   corn   1,249,900,  oats 

1 197,620,  potatoes  17,396,  tobacco  947,560  pounds ; 
25  stores,  cap.  $151,950;  5  tanneries,  9  distiller- 
ies, 2  flouring  m.,  46  grist  m.,  21  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac,  $103,845.  6  acad.  387  students,  11 
sch.  301   scholars.     Pop.  whites   11,256,  slaves 

j  6,355,  free  col'd  157 ;  total,  17,768. 

I     Shelby,  county,  O.    Situated  toward  the  w. 


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part  of  the  state,  and  contains  418  square  miles 
Organized  in  1819.  Drained  by  Miami  r.  and  its 
branches.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  soil,  fer- 
tile. The  Miami  canal  passes  through  its  s.  w. 
.part,  with  a  side  cut  to  Sidney.  Capital,  Sidney. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,509,  sheep 
10,143,  swine  18,941 ;  wheat  78,691  bushels  pro- 
duced, rye  5,498,  Ind.  corn  253,422,  buckwheat 
1,795,  oats  131,010,  potatoes  29,218,  sugar  79,830  ; 
25  stores,  cap.  $30,475 ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  woollen 
lac,  8  tanneries,  1  distillery,  7  flouring  m.,  7  grist 
m.,  22  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  1  week- 
ly newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $34,205.  21 
sch.  528  scholars.     Pop.  12,154. 

Shelby,  county,  la.  Situated  a  little  s.  E.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  410  square 
ms.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  very  fertile. 
Drained  by  Sugar  cr.,  the  e.  branch  of  White  r., 
Big  and  Little  Blue  r.,  and  Flat  Rock  er.  Cap- 
ital, Shelbyville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 11,339,  sheep  13,452,  swine  39,618;  wheat 
61,611  bushels  produced,  rye  2,775,  Indian  corn 
779,101,  oats  85,725,  potatoes  16,017,  tobacco 
116,254  pounds,  sugar  47,561 ;  25  stores,  capital 
$41,200;  1  fulling  m.,  8  tanneries,  12  distilleries, 

1  pottery,  1  flouring  m.,  19  grist  m.,  19  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $32,682.  11  sch.  249 
scholars.    Pop.  12,005. 

Shelby,  county,  111.  Situated  a  little  s.  e.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,080  square 
ms.  Watered  by  Kaskaskia  r.  and  its  tributaries, 
and  head  branches  of  the  s.  fork  of  Sangamon  r. 
The  surface  consists  of  timber  land  and  prairie  ; 
soil,  very  fertile.  Capital,  Shelbyville.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,423,  sheep  6,693, 
swine  20,862  ;  wheat  18,595  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  385,220,  oats  74,392,  potatoes  6,729;  16 
stores,  cap.  $45,299  ;  3  tanneries,  4  distilleries,  2 
flouring  m.,  18  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $69,570.  18  schools  427  scholars.  Pop. 
6,659. 

Shelby,  county,  Mo.  Situated  toward  the  n. 
e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  432  square  ms. 
The  surface  is  level,  consisting  of  timber  land 
and  prairie ;  soil,  fertile.  Drained  by  Salt  r.  and 
North  Two  rivers,  which  affords  water  power. 
Coal  banks  are  found  on  Salt  r.  Capital,  Shel- 
byville. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,376, 
sheep  2,059,  swine  11,792  ;  wheat  5,195  bushels 
produced,  Ind.  corn  134,970,  oats  14,775,  potatoes 
8,117,  tobacco  34,826  pounds;  6  stores,  capital 
$19,800  :  1  distillery,  5  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $15,850.  10  sch.  256  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  5,028,  slaves  928,  free  colored  18 ;  total, 
3,056. 

Shelby,  p-t.,  Orleans  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  s.  Albion, 
262  w.  by  n.  Albany,  395  W.  The  surface  is 
generally  level ;  soil,  calcareous  loam.  Drained 
by  Oak  Orchard  cr.    The  v.  contains  1  church, 

2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  a  few  dwell- 
ings. Shelby  Basin  is  a  v.  on  the  Erie  canal. 
There  are  in  the  t.  3  stores,  cap.  $14,000 ;  2  full- 
ing m.,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$9,900.   Pop.  2,643. 

Shelby,  p-v.,  Sharon  t.,  Richland  co.,  O.,  69 
N.  by  e.  Columbus,  394  W.  Situated  near  the 
head  waters  of  the  Black  fork  of  Mohiccan  cr., 
and  contains  2  stores,  and  about  15  dwellings. 

Shelby,  p-v.,  capital  of  Cleveland  co.,  N.  C. 
It  is  situated  on  the  e.  side  of  First  Broad  r.,  and 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and  10  dwellings. 
There  is  a  fine  mineral  spring  (sulphurous)  one 
and  three  quarter  ms.  s.  of  Shelby. 

Shelby,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  la.  It  has  4  sch.  119 
scholars.     Pop.  2,120. 

Shelby,  t.,  Macomb  co.,  Mich.  It  has  3  stores, , 
cap.  $13,500;  1  flouring  m.    Cap.  in  manufac! 


I  $15,000.  1  acad.  14  students,  3  sch.  102  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,262. 

Shelby  Basin,  p-v.,  Shelby  t.,  Orleans  co., 
N.  Y.,  265  w.  by  n.  Albany,  400  W.  Situated 
on  the  Erie  canal. 

Shelby  Corner,  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,  Tenn. 

Shelbyville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Bedford  co., 
Tenn.,  59  s.  by  e.  Nashville,  682  W.  Situated 
on  the  n.  e.  side  of  Duck  cr.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  2  churches,  a  bank,  printing  office, 
and  about  800  inhabitants. 

Shelbyville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Shelby  co.,  Ky., 
23  w.  by  n.  Frankfort,  565  W.  Situated  on  Bra- 
shears  cr.,  12  ms.  above  its  entrance  into  Salt  r. 
It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a  bank,  2  churches, 
an  academy,  a  printing  office,  about  180  dwell- 
ings, and  1,335  inhabitants. 

Shelbyville,  p-t.,  capital  of  Shelby  co.,  la., 
26  s.  E.  Indianapolis,  564  W.  The  v.  is  situated 
on  the  s.  side  of  Blue  r.,  which  is  navigable  for 
boats  to  this  place  in  times  of  high  water,  and 
affords  water  power.  It  contains  a  brick  court 
house,  jail,  1  Methodist  church,  and  about  600 
inhabitants.    The  t.  has  7  stores,  cap.  $19,000 ; 

1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,220. 

2  sch.  75  scholars.    Pop.  446. 
Shelbyville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Shelby  co.,  111., 

60  s.  e.  Springfield,  724  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
bank  of  Kaskaskia  r.  It  contains  a  brick  court 
house,  40  feet  square,  2  stories  high,  with  a  cupo- 
la, 9  stores,  and  about  50  dwellings.  It  contains 
a  large  sulphur  spring. 

Shelbyville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Shelby  co.,  Mo., 
101  n.  Jefferson  City,  958  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  2  stores,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Sheldon,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Yt.,  62  n.  Mont- 
pelier,  546  W.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  hills 
and  valleys;  soil,  generally  fertile,  and  easily 
cultivated.  Watered  by  Missisque  r.  and  its 
tributary,  Black  r.,  which  affords  water  power. 
It  contains  an  Episcopal  church,  and  some  Con- 
gregationalists  and  Methodists.  Chartered  in 
1763.  First  settled  in  1790.  It  has  5  stores,  cap. 
$10,000 ;  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $9,700.  9  sch.  226  scholars.  Pop. 
1,734. 

Sheldon,  p-t.,  Wyoming  co.,  N.  Y.,  265  w. 
Albany,  363  W.  The  surface  is  hilly;  soil, 
moist  clay  loam,  well  adapted  to  grass.  Drained 
by  Tonawanda  and  Seneca  creeks.  The  v.  con- 
tains 1  Presbyterian  and  1  Episcopal  church,  2 
stores,  1  tannery,  25  dwellings,  and  about  125 
inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  6  stores,  capital 
$1,900 ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  12 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $23,500.  1  acad.  100 
students,  18  sch.  772  scholars.     Pop.  2,353. 

Shelter  Island,  t.,  Suffolk  co.,  N.  Y.,  20  e. 
Riverhead,  245  s.  s.  e.  Albany.  It  comprises  the 
whole  of  Shelter  island,  6  ms.  long  and  4  broad, 
lying  between  Great  Peconic  and  Gardiner's 
bays.  The  surface  is  uneven;  soil,  light  and 
sandy,  with  some  level  and  fertile  portions. 
There  is  a  good  ship  channel  all  round  the  island, 
and  its  headlands  present  some  picturesque 
views.  A  ferry  of  120  rods  connects  it  to  South- 
old.  It  contains  a  Presbyterian  church,  and 
about  60  dwellings.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,000  ; 
1  grist  m.,  1  sch.  90  scholars.     Pop.  379. 

Shell  Creek,  p-o.,  Muscogee  co.,  Ga.,  144 
w.  s.  w.  Milledgeville,  777  W. 

Shelocta,  p-v.,  Armstrong  t,  Indiana  co.,  Pa., 
164  w.  by  n.  Harrisburg,  217  W. 

Shenandoah,  r.,Va.,  is  a  large  southern  branch 
of  Potomac  r.,  composed  of  the  n.  branch,  which 
rises  in  Rockingham  co.,  and  the  s.  branch, 
which  rises  in  Augusta  co.  The  latter  branch 
flows  along  the  w.  side  of  the  Blue  ridge,  and 


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nearly  parallel  to  it,  to  the  junction  of  the  two 
branches  in  Warren  co.,  whence  the  united  stream 
flows  n,  k.  to  its  junction  with  the  Potomac, 
shortly  before  its  passage  through  the  Blue  ridge, 
at  Harper's  Ferry.     (See  Potomac  r.) 

Shenandoah,  county,  Va.  Situated  toward 
the  n.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  475  square 
ms.  The  surface  is  generally  uneven  and  moun- 
tainous, and  the  soil  fertile.  Watered  by  the  n. 
fork  of  Shenandoah  river.  Capital,  Woodstock. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,582,  sheep 
12,315,  swine  16,124;  wheat  101,275  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  32,357,  Ind.  corn  298,649,  buckwheat 
3,109,  oats  105,090,  potatoes  31,980;  31  stores, 
cap.  $186,287;  3  furnaces,  3  forges,  2  fulling  m., 
4  woollen  fac,  12  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  5  pot- 
teries, 28  flouring  m.,  9  grist  m.,  20  saw  m.,  1  oil 
m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap. 
in  manafac.  8178,175.  2  acad.  108  students,  8 
*ch.  217  scholars.  Pop.  whites  10,320,  slaves 
1,033,  free  col'd  265;  total,  11,618. 

Shenandoah,  p-o.,  Fishkill  t.,  Dutchess  co., 
N.  Y.,  93  s.  Albany,  294  W. 

Shenandoah  Iron  Works,  p-o.,  Page  co.,  Va., 
115  n.  w.  Richmond,  118  W. 

Shenango,  t.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $1,500;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  2  distiller- 
ies, 1  flouring  m.,  5  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $32,900.  4  sch.  162  scholars.  Pop. 
1,435. 

Shenango,  t.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  11  s.  w.  Mer- 
cer b.  The  surface  is  level;  soil,  clay  and  loam. 
Drained  by  Shenango  cr.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$3,000  ;  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $1,675.  9  sch.  368  scholars.  Pop. 
1,354. 

Shepherdstown,  p-v.,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa., 
18  w.  Harrisburg,  102  W. 

Shepherdstown,  p-v.,  Jefferson  co.,  Va.,  179 
N.  Richmond,  67  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  w.  side 
of  Potomac  r.,  10  miles  above  Harper's  Ferry, 
and  contains  3  churches,  6  stores,  4  flouring  m., 
160  dwellings,  and  about  1,200  inhabitants. 

Shepherdstown,  p-v.,  Wheeling  t.,  Belmont 
co.,  O.,  4  n.  St.  Clairsville. 

Shepherdsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Bullitt  co., 
Ky.,  72  w.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  616  W.  Situated  on 
the  n.  side  of  Salt  r.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  county  clerk's  office,  a  seminary,  and  300 
inhabitants.  Paroquette  Springs,  one  mile  from 
the  v.,  on  the  n.  bank  of  Salt  r.,  have  beautiful 
grounds  and  fine  buildings  for  the  accommoda- 
tion of  visiters. 

Sherburne,  p-t.,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  63  s.  Mont- 
pelier,  463  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous  and 
broken,  except  a  narrow  intervale  along  Quee- 
chee  r.,  which  is  fertile.  Killington  Peak,  a 
southern  summit  of  the  Green  mountains,  having 
an  elevation  of  3,924  feet  above  tidewater,  is  in 
the  s.  part  of  this  t.  Queechee  r.  rises  here.  It 
has  3  ponds  of  ten  acres  each,  from  one  of  which 
issues  Thundering  brook,  with  a  considerable 
fall,  affording  water  power.  Chartered  in  1761. 
First  settled  in  1735.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $2,500 ; 
4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $800.  8  sch.  156 
scholars.    Pop.  496. 

Sherburne,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  19  s. 
w.  Boston,  420  W.  The  surface  is  elevated; 
soil,  fertile.  Watered  by  Charles  r.,  which 
bounds  it  on  the  e.,  and  Sudbury  r.  The  v.,  at 
the  centre,  contains  2  churches — 1  Congregational 
and  1  Unitarian.  It  has  manufactures  of  boots, 
shoes,  straw  bonnets,  and  whips.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $6,500 ;  1  tannery,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $5,800.    7  sch.  200  scholars.     Pop.  995. 

Sherburne,  p-t.,  Chenango  co.,  N.  Y.,  103  w. 
Albany,  347  W.     The  surface  is  hilly;  soil, 


argillaceous  and  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Che- 
nango r.  The  v.  u  situated  <»n  the  k.  .vide  of 
Chenango  r.,  on  the  Chenango  canal.  Incorpo- 
rated in  18:fc).  and  contain!  1  churches — 1  Pres- 
byterian, 1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist 
— an  academy,  13  stores,  3  forwarding  houses,  1 
pottery,  1  furnace,  UK)  dwellings,  and  about  600 
inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  13  stores,  cap. 
$45,000 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  8 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $30,775.  1  acad.  163 
students,  18  sch.  830  scholars.     Pop.  2,791. 

Sherburne  Mills,  p-v.,  Fleming  co.,  Ky., 
83  E.  Frankfort,  500  W.  Situated  on  Licking  r., 
and  contains  1  Baptist  church,  and  about  100  in- 
habitants. 

Sherers  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Westmoreland 
co.,  Pa.,  196  w.  Harrisburg,  222  W. 

Sheridan,  p-t.,  Chautauque  co.,  N.  Y.,  324  w. 
by  s.  Albany,  351  W.  The  surface  is  hilly; 
soil,  clay  loam,  with  some  sand.  Drained  by 
Scott's,  Walnut,  and  other  creeks,  flowing  into 
Lake  Erie,  which  bounds  it  on  the  n.  w.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $1,000  ;  2  tanneries,  10  saw.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $19,415.  12  sch.  591  scholars.  Pop. 
1,883. 

Sheridan,  t.,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $3,000 ;  1  saw  m  ,  4  sch.  82  scholars. 
Pop.  534. 

Sherman,  p-t.,  Fairfield  co.,  Ct.,  57  s.  w.  Hart- 
ford, 308  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil,  gene- 
rally gravelly  loam,  fertile  in  the  valleys. 
Drained  by  Rocky  r.,  a  branch  of  Housatonic  r. 
It  contains  a  Congregational  church.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $5,200;  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  4 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,250.  6  sch.  215 
scholars.    Pop.  938. 

Sherman,  p-t.,  Chautauque  co.,  N.  Y.,  357  w. 
by  s.  Albany,  346  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ; 
soil,  clay  and  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  French 
cr.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $2,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1 
furnace,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $10,550.  6  sch.  163  scholars.  Pop. 
1,099. 

Sherman,  p-t.,  Huron  co.,  O.,  15  s.  w.  Nor- 
walk,  90  n.  by  w.  Columbus,  412  W.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $14,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $21,300.  3  sch.  74 
scholars.    Pop.  692. 

Sherman,  p-t.,  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich.,  135  w. 
bys.  Detroit,  534  W.  Watered  by  Prairie  cr. 
It  has  1  distillery.    Pop.  683. 

Sherman,  p-o.,  Cook  co.,  111. 

Sherrards  Store,  p-o.,  Hampshire  co.,  Va., 
173  n.  w.  Richmond,  101  W. 

Sherrills  Ford,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.  C,  159 
w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  396  W. 

Sherrodsville,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  O.,  118  e. 
n.  e.  Columbus,  304  W. 

Sherwood,  p-t.,  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  125  w.  s. 
w.  Detroit,  581  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted 
to  grain.     It  has  3  sch.  53  scholars.     Pop.  367. 

Sherwoods  Corners,  p-o.,  Scipio  t.,  Cayuga 
co.,  N.  Y.,  156  w.  Albany,  321  W. 

Sheshequin,  p-t.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  144  N. 
Harrisburg,  254  W.  Surface,  hilly ;  soil,  gravel- 
ly loam.  Drained  by  small  creeks  flowing  into 
Susquehanna  r.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $6,000 ;  1 
tannery,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$9,450.    7  sch.  280  scholars.     Pop.  1,010. 

Shetucket,  r.,  Ct.,  rises  in  Windham  and 
Tolland  counties,  and  flowing  s.  receives  Quin- 
nebaug  r.,  in  Norwich,  where  it  becomes  the 
principal  constituent  of  Thames  r.  It  receives 
Natchaug  r.  from  the  e.,  in  Mansfield,  and  Wil- 
limantic  r.  from  the  w.,  in  Windham.  It  affords 
good  water  power. 

Shiawassee,  county,  Mich.    Situated  in  the 


SHI 


612 


SHO 


central  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  54 1  square  i 
miles.  Drained  by  Shiawassee,  Looking  Glass, 
and  Meshtegayock  rivers,  some  of  which  afford 
good  water  power.  Organized  in  1837.  The 
surface  is  rolling  or  level ;  soil,  fertile.  Mineral 
coal  is  found.  Capital,  Corunna.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,143,  sheep  375,  swine  3,807 ; 
wheat  19,534  bushels  produced,  Ind.  corn  13,772, 
oats  10,937,  potatoes  23,007,  sugar  25,933  pounds ; 
6  stores,  cap.  $11,300;  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m., 
8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $46,878.  11  sch. 
260  scholars.     Pop  2,103. 

Shiawassee,  p-t.,  Shiawassee  county,  Mich., 
76  n.  w.  Detroit,  579  W.  Situated  on  Shiawas- 
see r.,  and  contains  2  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw 
m.,  and  is  a  growing  v.  There  are  in  the  t.  2 
stores,  cap.  $4,300 ;  1  tannery,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $12,950.  4  sch.  83  scholars.  Pop. 
426. 

Shickshinny,  mt.,  Pa.,  runs  along  the  w.  side 
of  Susquehanna  r.,  which  it  crosses  in  Luzerne 
county. 

Shickshinny,  p-o.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  114  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  218  W. 

Shieldsborough,  p-v.,  capital  of  Hancock 
co.,  Miss.,  212  s.  by  e.  Jackson,  1,162  W.     Situ- 
ated on  the  w.  side  of  the  mouth  of  St.  Louis 
bay,  which  sets  up  from  Lake  Borgne.     It  con- 
tains a  court  house  and  about  100  inhabitants. 
Shiloh,  p-v.,  Cumberland  co.,  N.  J. 
Shiloh,  p-o.,  King  George  co.,  Va. 
Shiloh,  p-v.,  Camden  co.,  N.  C,  226  n.  e.  by 
e.  Raleigh,  236  W.    It  contains  about  150  in- 
habitants. 

Shiloh,  p-o.,  Troup  co.,  Ga.,  123  w.  Milledge- 
ville,  732  W. 

Shiloh,  p-o.,  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  97  s.  Tusca- 
loosa, 909  W. 

Shiloh,  p-o.,  Gibson  co.,  Tenn.,  149  w.  Nash- 
ville, 823  W. 

Shingle  Creek,  p-o.,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N. 
Y. 

Shinnecock,  bay,  Suffolk  co.,  N.  Y.  It  is 
about  10  miles  long,  and  3  to  4  broad,  separated 
from  the  ocean  by  a  narrow  sand  beach.  It  pro- 
duces large  quantities  of  fine  shell  fish. 

Shinnston,  p-v.,  Harrison  co.,  Va.,  265  n.  w. 
Richmond,  233  W.  It  contains  1  church,  free  to 
all  denominations,  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m., 
several  lumber  yards,  20  dwellings  and  about 
125  inhabitants.  Lumber  is  extensively  ex- 
ported. 

Shipley's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn., 
282  e.  Nashville,  404  W. 

Shippen,  p-t.,  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  171  n.  w.  Har- 
risburg, 254  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous  and 
rough ;  barren  on  the  hills,  with  some  fertile 
land  in  the  valleys.  Drained  by  Driftwood  cr. 
and  another  branch  of  Sinnemahoning  cr.  It 
contains  salt  springs  and  salt  works  on  Driftwood 
cr.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $5,000;  2  grist  m.,  11 
saw  m.    Cap.  in  manuliic.  $10,150.    Pop.  184. 

Shippen,  t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.  The  surface 
is  level ;  soil,  calcareous  loam.  It  has  1  dis- 
tillery, 1  flouring  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,000. 
1  sch.  40  scholars.     Pop.  184. 

Shippensburg,  p-b.,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  34 
s.  w.  Harrisburg,  101  VV.  It  is  situated  on  Meau's 
run,  a  branch  of  Conedogwinit  cr.,  which  affords 
water  power.  Incorporated  in  1819,  and  con- 
tains 4  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Associate 
Reformed,  1  Lutheran,  and  1  Methodist ;  18  stores, 
cap.  $46,800 ;  3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  pottery, 
1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $28,850.  6  sch.  350  scholars.  Pop. 
1,473. 
Shippingpoet,  v.,  Jefferson  co.,  Ky.    Situated 


on  Ohio  r.,  at  the  foot  of  the  rapids,  and  at  the  w. 
termination  of  the  steamboat  canal,  2  ms.  below 
Louisville.  It  is  virtually  a  suburb  of  Louisville, 
though  it  has  a  separate  incorporation.  It  con- 
tains 10  stores,  and  about  700  inhabitants. 

Shippensville,  p-v.,  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  188  w. 
s.  w.  Harrisburg,  277  W.  It  contains  1  store, 
and  about  20  dwellings. 

Shiremantown,  p-v.,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  4 
w.  Harrisburg,  10-$  W. 

Shirley,  p-t.,  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.,  84  n.  by  E. 
Augusta,  679  W.  Watered  by  head  branches  of 
Piscataquis  r.  Incorporated  in  1834.  It  has  1 
flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $2,200.    2  sch.  79  scholars.     Pop.  190. 

Shirley,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  40  n.  w. 
Boston,  423  W.  The  surface  is  low  ;  soil,  fertile, 
particularly  on  the  streams.  Incorporated  in 
1753.  The  v.  at  the  centre  contains  1  Congrega- 
tional and  1  Unitarian  church.  In  the  s.  w.  part 
is  a  society  of  Shakers,  amounting  to  200  persons, 
distinguished,  as  they  always  are,  for  neatness 
and  industry.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $7,800 ;  3  cot- 
ton fac.  2,232  sp.,  7  sch.  350  scholars.  Pop.  957. 
Shirley,  t.,  Huntington  co.,  Pa.  It  has  8 
stores,  cap.  $6,000 ;  i  furnace,  1  fulling  m.,  2  tan- 
neries, 1  pottery,  4  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Capital  in 
manufactures  $29,250.  1  sch.  20  scholars.  Pop. 
1,174. 

Shirleysburg,  p-b.,  Shirley  t.,  Huntingdon 
co.,  Pa.,  85  s.  w".  Harrisburg,  130  W.  It  contains 
3  stores,  cap.  $11,000;  1  tannery.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $3,325.     2  sch.  45  scholars.     Pop.  247. 

Shirley  Village,  p-v.,  Shirley  t.,  Middlesex 
co.,  Mass.,  41  n.  w.  Boston,  423  W.  Situated  on 
Nashua  r.,  and  contains  a  Universalist  church, 
and  several  mills  and  manufactories. 
Shiwan,  p-o.,  Baltimore  co.,  Md. 
Shoal  Creek,  p-o.,  Clinton  co.,  111.,  105  s. 
Springfield,  780  W. 

Shoal,  creek,  111.,  rises  in  Montgomery  co., 
and  flows  into  Kaskaskia  r. 

Shoal  Creek,  p-o.,  Johnson  co.,  Ark.,  100  n. 
w.  Little  Rock,  1,165  W. 

Shoal  Ford,  p-o.,  Limestone  co.,  Ala.,  166  N. 
Tuscaloosa,  721  W. 

Shoals  of  Ogeechee,  p-o.,  Hancock  co.,  Ga., 
45  n.  E.  Milledgeville,  646  W. 

Shober's  Mills,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  O.,  122  e. 
n.  E.  Columbus,  285  W. 

Shocco,  p-o.,  Oktibbeha  co.,  Miss.,  123  n.  e. 
Jackson,  903  W. 

Shokokon,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  111.,  117  n.  w. 
Springfield,  868  W. 

Shop  Spring,  p-o.,  Newberry  dist.,  S.  C,  46 
w.  n.  w.  Columbia,  510  W. 

Shoreham,  p-t.,  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  73  s.  w. 
Montpelier,  469  W.  It  is  bounded  by  w.  by  Lake 
Champlain,  which  is  here  half  a  mile  wide,  with 
a  ferry  to  Ticonderoga,  N.  Y.,  opposite.  The 
surface  is  level ;  soil,  very  fertile.  Drained  by 
Lemonfair  river,  which  affords  water  power.  It 
contains  a  Congregational  and  a  Baptist  church, 
and  an  academy.  Iron  ore  is  found,  and  the  wa- 
ters are  impregnated  with  Epsom  salts.  Char- 
tered in  1761,  first  settled  in  1766.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $39,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  2 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,550.  1 
academy  35  students,  14  sch.  420  scholars.  Pop. 
1,674. 

Short  Creek,  p-t.,  Harrison  co.,  O.,  120  e. 
Columbus,  281  W.  It  has  9  sch.  233  scholars. 
Pop.  2,022. 

Short  Tract,  p-o.,  Granger  t.,  Alleghany  co., 
N.  Y.,  266  w.  by  s.  Albany,  345  W. 

Shoungola,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  Miss.,  114  n. 
Jackson,  975  W. 


SHU 


613 


STL 


Shreve,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  O.,  90  n.  e.  Colum- 
bus, 358  W. 

Shreveport,  p-v.,  capital  of  Caddo  par.,  La., 
380  n.  w.  New  Orleans,  1,260  W.  Situated  on 
w.  side  of  Red  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  and 
several  stores,  and  about  400  inhabitants. 

Shrewsbury,  river,  Shrewsbury  t.,  Monmouth 
co.,  N.  J.,  is  a  continuation  of  Sandy  Hook  bay, 
about  5  ms.  long,  and  on  an  average  about  H  m. 
wide.  It  receives  Shrewsbury  r.  proper,  6  or  7 
ms.  long.  It  has  considerable  salt  marsh  on  its 
borders. 

Shrewsbury,  p-t.,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  72  s.  s.  e. 
Montpelier,  466  VV.  The  surface  is  mountainous, 
lying  on  the  Green  Mountain  range,  and  contain- 
ing Shrewsbury  peak,  4,100  feet  above  tidewater. 
The  soil  is  well  adapted  to  grazing.  It  has  2 
considerable  ponds.  Watered  by  Mill  and  Cold 
rivers,  which  afford  water  power,  and  flow  into 
Otter  Creek  river.  It  contains  a  small  v.  in  its  s. 
part,  containing  a  Congregational  church.  There 
are  in  the  t.  4  stores,  cap.  $12,000  ;  1  tannery,  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  §2,500.  10  sch.  456 
scholars.     Pop.  1,218. 

Shrewsbury,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  37  w. 
Boston,  404  W.  The  surface  is  pleasantly  diver- 
sified with  hills  and  valleys,  which  are  generally 
well  cultivated.  Long  pond,  about  4  miles  long, 
and  from  100  rods  to  about  1  mile  wide,  lies  be- 
tween this  t.  and  Worcester,  and  is,  in  some 
places,  90  feet  deep.  It  contains  12  islands, 
some  of  them  cultivated,  and  one,  of  150  acres, 
has  several  families  on  it.  This  pond  is  a  prin- 
cipal feeder  of  Blackstone  canal.  The  t.  con- 
tains 1  Congregational,  1  Unitarian,  and  1  Baptist 
church.  Peat  is  found  in  a  meadow  in  the  s. 
part.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $8,000 ;  1  tannery,  1 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $27,500.  7 
sch.  275  scholars.     Pop.  1,481. 

Shrewsbury,  p-t.,  Monmouth  co.,  N.  J.,  52  e. 
Trenton,  218  W.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  clay 
and  sandy  loam,  or  marl.  Drained  by  Nevisink, 
Shrewsbury,  and  Shark  rs.  The  shore  of  the 
Atlantic,  which  bounds  it  on  the  E.,  is  generally 
high  and  bold,  without  marsh.  Long  Branch, 
with  its  fine  boarding-houses,  is  in  this  t.,  and  is  a 
great  place  of  summer  resort.  The  v.  is  between 
Shrewsbury  and  Nevisink  rivers,  and  contains  2 
churches — 1  Presbyterian  and  1  Episcopal — 2 
stores,  and  about  20  dwellings.  There  are  in  the 
t.  34  stores,  capital  $64,120;  1  lumber  yard,  cap. 
$5,000 ;  1  furnace,  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  4  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $16,240.  8  sch. 
405  scholars.    Pop.  5,917. 

Shrewsbury,  t.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1 
grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,250.  2 
sch.  40  scholars.     Pop.  232. 

Shrewsbury,  p-t.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  33  s.  Harris- 
burg,  76  W.  The  surface  is  undulating;  soil, 
gravelly  and  poor.  Watered  by  the  branches 
of  Codorus  cr.  The  borough  is  in  the  s.  part  of 
the  t.,  and  contains  2  stores,  cap.  $16,500  ;  1  tan- 
nery. Cap.  in  manufactures  $1,575.  1  sch.  65 
scholars.  Pop.  340.  There  are  in  the  t.,  exclu- 
sive of  the  borough,  2  stores,  cap.  $6,000  ;  3  wool- 
len fac,  2  tanneries,  10  distilleries,  1  paper  fac, 
7  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $49,775. 
3  sch.  40  scholars.    Pop.  1,329. 

Shrub  Oak,  p-o.,  Yorktown  t.,  Westchester 
co.,  N.  Y.,  112  s.  Albany,  275  W. 

Shushan,  p-v.,  Salem  t.,  Washington  co.,  N.  Y., 
47  n.  E.  Albany,  417  W.  Situated  on  Battenkill 
r.,  and  contains  a  Baptist  church,  Shushan  Hall, 
a  public  building,  1  store,  1  woollen  fac,  1  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.,  25  dwellings,  and  about  150  inhab- 
itants. 

Shutesbury,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  79  w. 


Boston,  3)7  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  and 
stony  ;  soil,  indifferent.  Watered  by  Swift  r.  It 
contains  1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Congrega- 
tional church.  There  is  a  pond,  covering  700 
acres,  in  its  n.  part.     It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,000 ; 

1  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,900. 

10  sch.  250  scholars.     Pop.  987. 
Siaconset,  v.,  Nantucket  co.,  Mass.    Situated 

in  the  s.  e.  part  of  Nantucket  island,  having  a 
fine  view  of  the  Atlantic,  and  open  to  its  breezes. 
The  v.  contains  70  dwellings,  compactly  built, 
with  a  high  cliff  in  its  rear,  ft  is  a  pleasant  place 
of  resort  in  the  summer. 

Sibila,  p-o.,  Washington  par.,  La.,  94  n.  New 
Orleans,  1,131  W. 

Siddonsburg,  p-v.,  Monahan  t.,  York  co.,  Pa., 

11  s.  Harrisburg,  103  W. 

Sidney,  p-t.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  9  n.  Augusta, 
604  W.  Kennebec  r.  runs  on  its  e.  border,  and 
Snow's  pond  lies  on  its  w.  border,  which  receives 
the  waters  of  several  other  large  ponds,  and  flows 
n.  through  Waterville  into  Kennebec  r.  Incor- 
porated in  1792.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to 
grain.     It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $1,450  ;  1  fulling  m., 

2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $35,893.     18  sch.  833  scholars.    Pop.  2,190. 

Sidney,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.,  N.  Y.,  93  s.*w.  Al- 
bany, 334  W.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  well 
adapted  to  grazing.  Drained  by  Oleout  and  other 
small  crs.,  flowing  into  Susquehanna  r.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $4,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2 
grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,800.  11 
sCh.  462  scholars.    Pop.  1,732. 

Sidney,  p-o.,  Hunterdon  co.,  N.  J.,  35  n.  Tren- 
ton, 195  W. 

Sidney,  p-t.,  capital  of  Shelby  co.,  O.,  79  w. 
by  n.  Columbus,  473  W.  The  v.  is  situated  on 
the  w.  branch  of  Great  Miami  r.  It  contains  a 
brick  court  house,  44  feet  square,  a  jail,  11  stores, 
80  dwellings,  and  713  inhabitants. 

Sidney,  p-v.,  Marshall  co.,  la.,  105  n.  Indian- 
apolis, 626  W. 

Sidney,  p-v.,  Champaign  co.,  111.,  104  e.  by  N. 
Springfield,  683  W.  Situated  on  Salt  Fork  of 
Vermilion  r. 

Sidney  Centre,  p-o.,  Sidney  t.,  Delaware  co., 
N.  Y.,  98  s.  w.  Albany,  333  W. 

Sidney  Plains,  p-v.,  Sidney  t.,  Delaware  co., 
N.  Y.,  99  s.  w.  Albany,  325  W.  Situated  on  the 
e.  side  of  Susquehanna  r.,  and  contains  1  Pres- 
byterian and  1  Baptist  church,  2  stores,  20  dwell- 
ings, and  about  100  inhabitants. 

Siegle,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.  C,  181  w.  by  s. 
Raleigh,  418  W. 

Siloa,  p-o.,  Sullivan  co.,  la.,  83  s.  w.  Indian- 
apolis, 659  W. 

Siloam,  p-v.,  Smithfield  t.,  Madison  co.,  N.  Y., 
110  w.  by  N.  Albany,  364  W.  It  contains  a 
church,  a  store,  a  grist  m.,  and  about  30  dwell- 
ings. 

Siloam,  p-v.,  Surry  co.,  N.  C,  141  w.  n.  w. 
Raleigh,  344  W. 

Silvan,  t.,  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.  It  has  2 
saw  m. 

Silver  Creek,  p-o.,  Hanover  t.,  Chautauque 
co.,  N.  Y. 

Silver  Creek,  t.,  Greene  co.,  O.  It  contains 
the  v.  of  Jamestown,  and  has  1  fulling  m.,  2  tan- 
neries, 3  distilleries,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$4,000.    2  sch.  52  scholars.     Pop.  2,447. 

Silver  Creek,  p-o.,  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  181  s.  w. 
Detroit,  629  W.  Watered  by  Dowagiake  r. 
The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain  and  to  graz- 
ing. It  has  1  saw  m.,  2  sch.  51  scholars.  Pop. 
183. 

Silver  Creek,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  Ky.,  56  s 
e.  Frankfort,  554  W. 


STM 


614 


SIS 


Silver  Creek,  p-o.,  Maury  co.,  Term.,  54  s. 
Nashville,  712  W. 

Silver  Creek,  p-o.,  Stephenson  co.,  111.,  206 
N.  Springfield,  826  W. 

Silver  Glade,  p-o.,  Anderson  dist.,  S.  C,  137 
w.  n.  w.  Columbia,  532  W. 

Silver  Lake,  N.  Y.,  is  a  beautiful  sheet  of 
water  in  Wyoming  co.,  3  ms.  long,  and  three 
fourths  of  a  mile  wide,  stocked  with  fish  brought 
originally  from  Lake  Erie  Its  outlet  flows  into 
Genesee  r. 

Silver  Lake,  p-o.,  Castile  t.,  Wyoming  co., 
N.  Y.,  248  w.  Albany,  361  W. 

Silver  Lake,  p-t.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  184 
N.  n.  E.  Harrisburg,  294  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ; 
soil,  loam,  clay,  and  gravel.  Drained  by  branches 
of  Choconut  cr.  and  by  Silver  creek,  flowing 
from  Silver  lake,  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water, 
three  fourths  of  a  m.  long,  and  half  a  m.  wide. 
Two  ms.  n.  E.  is  Quaker  lake,  a  little  larger,  and 
another,  a  little  smaller.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  4  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,150.  6  sch.  168  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  907. 

Silver  Spring,  t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  7  n. 
e.  Carlisle.  The  surface  is  hilly,  with  fine  val- 
leys ;  soil,  calcareous  loam  and  slate.  Drained 
by  Conedogwinit  cr.  and  its  tributaries.  It  con- 
tains the  v.  of  Kingston.  There  are  in  the  t.  3 
stores,  cap.  $14,000 ;  1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  5 
flouring  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,616. 
Pop.  1,938. 

Silverton,  p-v.,  Barnwell  dist.,  S.  C,  96  s. 
w.  Columbia,  591  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side 
of  Savannah  r. 

Simmon's  Tan  Yard,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co., 
N.  C,  101  w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  375  W. 

Simms  Port,  p-v.,  Avoyelles  par.,  La.,  237  n. 
w.  New  Orleans,  1,194  W. 

Simonsville,  p-v.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  89  s. 
Montpelier,  451  W. 

Simpson,  county,  Miss.  Situated  a  little  s.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  550  sq.  ms. 
Pearl  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border,  by  branches  of 
which  it  is  drained.  Capital,  Westville.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,693,  sheep  1,120, 
swine  13,271 ;  wheat  2,131  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  132,066,  oats  2,677,  potatoes  18.126,  rice 
19,365  pounds,  cotton  679,915  ;  9  grist  m.,  7  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $26,500.  Pop.  whites 
2,473,  slaves  907  ;  total,  3,380. 

Simpson,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  288  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Drakes  cr.  and  its  branches,  which  flow  n. 
into  Big  Barren  r.,  and  by  branches  of  Red  r.,  a 
tributary  of  Cumberland  r.  Capital,  Franklin. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,948,  sheep 
8,088,  swine  14,134;  wheat  45,590  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  1,486,  Ind.  corn  281,756,  oats  106,333, 
potatoes  8,193,  tobacco  708,131  pounds,  cotton 
24,941,  sugar  1,776;  7  stores,  cap.  $63,100;  6 
cotton  fac.  244  sp.,  2  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  3 
flouring  m.,  7  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $31,503.  Pop.  whites  5,004,  slaves  1,493, 
free  col'd  40 ;  total,  6,537. 

Simpson's,  p-o.,  Floyd  co.,  Va.,  203  w.  by  s. 
Richmond,  278  W. 

Simpson's  Mills,  p-o.,  Laurens  dist.,  S.  C. 

Simpson's  Store,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Pa., 
226  w.  Harrisburg,  242  W. 

Simpsonville,  p-v.,  Shelby  co.,  Ky.,  31  w. 
Frankfort,  573  W.  Situated  on  Floyds  fork  of 
Salt  r. 

Simsbury,  p-t.,  Hartford  co.,  Ct.,  13  n.  Hart- 
ford, 349  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  mountain- 
ous, with  level  and  fertile  land  on  Farmington  r., 
by  which  it  is  watered.  In  the  n.  e.  extremity 
is  the  flourishing  manufacturing  v.  of  Tariff  ville, 


on  the  w.  side  of  Farmington  r.,  containing  a  car- 
pet fac.  which  produces  132,000  yards  of  carpet- 
ing annually.  The  Farmington  canal,  extending 
from  New  Haven  to  Northampton,  Mass.,  passes 
near  it.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $9,800;  1  woollen 
fac,  2  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  114,700.  13  sch.  378  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  1,895. 

Sims  Valley,  p-o.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.,  70  e. 
Columbus,  343  W. 

Sina,  t,  Clinton  co.,  Mich. 

Sinatoby,  p-o.,  De  Soto  co.,  Miss.,  185  n.  Jack- 
son, 942  W. 

Sinclair's  Bottom,  p-o.,  Smyth  co.,  Va.,  281 
w.  Richmond,  346  W. 

Sinclairsville,  v.,  Charlotte  t.,  Chautauque 
co.,  N.  Y.  It  contains  1  church,  3  stores,  2  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  machine  shop,  2  clothiers'  works, 
80  dwellings,  and  about  400  inhabitants. 

Sinepuxent,  inlet,  Worcester  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Atlantic  coast,  is  the  entrance  from  the  ocean 
into  Sinepuxent  bay,  in  38°  10'  30"  n.  lat.  The 
bay  is  long  and  narrow,  separated  from  the 
ocean  by  Asaticque  island. 

Sing  Sing,  p-v..  Mount  Pleasant  t.,  Westches- 
ter co.,  N.  Y.,  116  s.  Albany,  25S  W.  Situated 
on  elevated  and  uneven  ground, -and  has  4  land- 
ings, from  which  steamboats  and  vessels  ply 
daily  to  New  York.  Incorporated  in  1813,  and 
contains  4  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episco- 
pal, 1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist — 18  stores,  1  ship 
yard,  1  iron  foundry,  250  dwellings,  and  about 
2,500  inhabitants.  It  contains  Mount  Pleasant 
Academy  for  boys,  with  a  fine  marble  edifice, 
and  Mount  Pleasant  Female  Seminary  for  young 
ladies,  beautifully  located.  The  Croton  aqueduct 
bridge  here,  is  an  object  of  much  interest.  Sing 
Sing  furnishes  great  quantities  of  fine  marble  for 
building.  The  quarries  are  chiefly  wrought  by 
convicts  of  the  state  prison,  located  here.  It  is 
situated  half  a  m.  s.  of  the  v.  The  main  build- 
ing is  84  feet  long  and  44  feet  wide,  5  stories  high, 
containing  1,000  cells.  In  front  and  rear  are 
various  workshops,  with  the  keeper's  house,  a 
chapel,  hospital,  kitchen,  and  storehouses.  There 
is  a  separate  building,  constructed  of  marble,  of 
the  Ionic  order,  for  female  convicts,  with  well 
furnished  apartments  for  the  matrons.  Attached 
to  the  whole  are  130  acres  of  land. 

Sinking  Cane,  p-o.,  Overton  co.,  Tenn.,  113  e. 
Nashville,  616  W. 

Sinking  Creek,  p-o.,  Botetourt  co.,  Va.,  204 
w.  Richmond,  244  W. 

Sinking  Creek,  p-o.,  Bedford  co.,  Tenn.,  65 
s.  Nashville,  699  W. 

Sinking  Spring,  p-o.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  47  E. 
Harrisburg,  151  W. 

Sinking  Spring,  p-v.,  Brush  Creek  t.,  High- 
land co.,  O.,  84  s.  w.  Columbus,  421  W.  It  con- 
tains 2  stores,  and  12  or  15  dwellings. 

Sinking  Spring,  p-o.,  Lawrence  co.,  la.,  78 
s.  s.  w.  Indianapolis,  628  W. 

Sinking  Valley  Mills,  p-o.,  Huntingdon 
co.,  Pa.,  114  w.  Harrisburg,  173  W. 

Sinnemahoning,  r.,  Pa.,  a  tributary  from  the 
N.  w.  of  the  w.  branch  of  Susquehanna  r.,  and  is 
about  50  ms.  long. 

Sinnemahoning,  p-o.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  119 
N.  Harrisburg,  251  W. 

Sippican,  p-v.,  Rochester  t.,  Plymouth  co., 
Mass.,  59  s.  Boston,  446  W.  It  contains  1  Con- 
gregational and  1  Universalist  church.  The 
manufacture  of  salt  is  the  principal  business  of 
the  inhabitants. 

Sjssonville,  p-v.,  Kanawha  co.,  Va.,  333  w. 
n.  w.  Richmond,  358  W.  Situated  on  Pocatalico 
r.,  a  small  branch  of  Kanawha  r. 


SLA 


615 


SMI 


SlBTBBSVlLLE,  p-v.,  Tyler  co.,  Va.,  316  N.  w. 
Richmond,  272  W.  Situated  on  s.  side  of  Ohio 
r.,  and  contains  2  stores,  1  tannery,  and  about  250 
inhabitants. 

Six  Milk,  p-o.  Union  co.,  Ky.,  227  w.  by  s. 
Frankfort,  754  \V. 

Six  Mile,  p-o.,  Jennings  co.,  la.,  70  s.  s.  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 57b  W. 

Six  Mile,  p-t.,  Madison  co.,  111.,  99  s.  Spring- 
field, 814  W.  It  has  4  sch.  110  scholars.  Pop. 
1,034. 

Six  Mile  Creek,  p-o.,  Granby  t.,  Oswego  co., 
N.  Y.,  155  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  372  W. 

Six  Mile  Run,  no.,  Somerset  co.,  N.  J.,  21  n. 
Trenton,  187  W.  It  contains  1  Dutch  Reformed 
church,  1  store,  and  about  12  dwellings.  The 
stream  flows  into  Raritan  r. 

Skeneateles  Lake,  N.  Y.,  lies  between  Ca- 
yuga and  Onondaga  counties,  and  is  15  ms.  long, 
and  from  one  half  to  three  fourths  of  a  m.  wide. 
Its  shores  present  romantic  and  picturesque 
scenery,  and  its  waters  afford  fine  trout,  weigh- 
ing from  5  to  10  pounds  each. 

Skeneateles,  p-t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N.  Y.,  147 
w.  Albany,  340  W.  The  surface  is  undulating ; 
soil,  fertile,  and  well  cultivated.  Watered  by  the 
outlet  of  Skeneateles  lake,  which  flows  N.  into 
Seneca  r.  The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated  at  the 
foot  of  Skeneateles  lake.  Incorporated  in  1833, 
and  contains  4  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Epis- 
copal, 1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist — 15  stores,  1 
woollen  fac,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  machine 
shop,  1  tannery,  1  iron  foundry,  2  carriage  fac, 
200  dwellings,  and  about  1,400  inhabitants.  A 
branch  railroad  extends  5  ms.  to  the  Auburn  and 
Syracuse  railroad.  There  are  in  the  t.  11  stores, 
cap.  $96,880  ;  6  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  3  tan- 
neries, 2  distilleries,  1  brewery,  2  printing  offi- 
ces, 2  weekly  newspapers,  1  periodical,  6  flour- 
ing m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $299,098.  1 
acad.  60  students,  20  sch.  907  scholars.  Pop. 
3,981. 

Skeggs  Creek,  p-o.,  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  135  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  656  W. 

Skelton,  t.,  Warrick  co.,  la.  It  has  3  sch. 
100  scholars.     Pop.  1,287. 

Skilersville,  p-o.,  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ky.,  188 
s.  w.  Frankfort,  700  W. 

Skinner's  Eddv,  p-o.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  159 
N.  E.  Harrisburg,  267  W.  Situated  on  Susque- 
hanna r.,  44  ms.  above  Wilkesbarre. 

Skinquarter,  p-o.,  Chesterfield  co.,  Vir- 
ginia. 

Skippack,  p-t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  86  e. 
Harrisburg,  165  W.  Drained  by  Skippack  cr. 
The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  red  shale.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $10,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  printing  office, 
1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,400. 
Pop.  1,485. 

Skowhegan,  p-t.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  36  n. 
Augusta,  631  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of 
Kennebec  r.,  which  here  flows  e.  The  soil  is 
fertile  and  well  cultivated.  The  v.  is  situated  at 
Skowhegan  falls,  on  the  Kennebec,  where  there 
is  a  great  water  power,  is  well  built,  has  a  num- 
ber of  mills,  and  considerable  trade.  A  bridge 
across  the  Kennebec  connects  it  with  Bloomfield. 
It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $15,600 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,325.  11  sch.  612  scholars. 
Pop.  1,584. 

Slab  Town,  p-v.,  Anderson  dist.,  S.  C,  130 
w.  N.  w.  Columbia,  525  W. 

Slate,  p-o.,  Bath  co.,  Ky.,  81  e.  Frankfort, 
507  W. 

Slateford,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  la.,  75  s.  In- 
dianapolis, 591  W. 


Slate  Hill,  p-o.,  Minisink  t.,  Orange  co.,  N 
Y.,  113  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  276  W. 

Slate  Lick,  p-o.,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  190  w. 
n.  w.  Harrisburg,  231  W. 

Slate  Mills,  p-o.,  Rappahannock  co.,  Va., 
112  n.  n.  w.  Richmond.  91  W. 

Slate  Ridge,  p-o.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  62  s.  Har- 
risburg, 86  W. 

Slate  Run,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  O.,  6  n.  Co- 
lumbus, 399  W. 

Slatersville,  p-v.,  Smithfield  t,  Providence 
co.,  R.  I.,  19  n.  w.  Providence,  410  W.  Situated 
on  a  branch  of  Pawtucket  r.  It  contains  2  ( 'on- 
gregational  churches,  and  several  mills  and  man- 
ufactories. 

Slatersville,  p-v.,  Caroline  t.,  Tompkins  co., 
N.  Y.,  153  w.  Albany,  304  W.  Situated  on  Six 
Mile  cr.,  and  contains  1  Methodist  church,  2 
stores,  1  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  carding  and  full- 
ing m.,  2  tanneries,  50  dwellings,  and  about  300 
inhabitants. 

Slaughter's  Creek,  p-o.,  Stewart  co.,  Ga. 

Slawson,  p-o.,  Switzerland  co.,  la.,  87  s.  E. 
Indianapolis,  544  W. 

Sleepy  Creek,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  N.  C,  63  s. 
E.  Raleigh,  293  W. 

Sleepy  Creek,  p-o.,  Edgefield  dist.,  S.  C,  74 
w.  Columbia,  584  W. 

Slinkard's  Mills,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  la.,  84  s. 
w.  Indianapolis,  651  W. 

Slippery  Rock,  cr.,  Pa.,  rises  in  Mercer  and 
Butler  counties,  and  after  a  course  of  35  ms., 
flows  into  Conequenessing  cr.,  a  little  above  its 
entrance  into  Big  Beaver  r. 

Slippery  Rock,  p-t.,  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  15  n.  w. 
Butler,  22  w.  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  263  W.  The 
surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  loam.  Drained  by  Slip- 
pery Rock  cr.,  and  its  tributary,  Wolf  cr.  It  con- 
tains the  v.  of  Centreville.  There  are  in  the  t., 
3  stores,  cap.  $4,500  ;  3  furnaces,  4  tanneries,  1 
pottery,  4  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$14,310.     10  sch.  472  scholars.    Pop.  1,507. 

Slippery  Rock,  t.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $1,500;  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  7 
grist  m.,  8  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$21,150.     3  sch.  161  scholars.     Pop.  1,224. 

Slippery  Rock,  t.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $3,300 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  6 
grist  m.,  o  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,000.  11 
sch.  395  scholars.     Pop.  2,066. 

Sloansville,  p-v.,  Schoharie  t.  and  co.,  N. 
Y.,  33  w.  Albany,  392  W.  Situated  on  Vly  cr., 
on  the  Cherry  Valley  turnpike,  and  contains  1 
Baptist  church,  4  stores,  1  grist  m.,  several  saw 
m.,  50  dwellings,  and  about  300  inhabitants. 

Sloansville,  p-o.,  Clermont  co.,  O.,  95  s.  w. 
Columbus,  466  W. 

Sloyeusville,  p-o.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa. 

Smelsor's  Mills,  p-o.,  Rush  co.,  la.,  45  e.  s, 
e.  Indianapolis,  537  W. 

Smith,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  N.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  590  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Cumberland  r.  and  Caney  Fork,  its  tributary, 
and  their  branches.  Capital,  Carthage.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  16,181,  sheep  20,944, 
swine  73,172  ;  wheat  81,430  bush,  produced,  rye 
4,582,  Ind.  corn  933,348,  oats  117,552,  potatoes 
12,779,  tobacco  3,017,012  pounds,  cotton  61,245; 
14  stores,  cap.  $53,600  ;  31  tanneries,  24  distiller- 
ies, 1  pottery,  53  grist  m.,  47  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $6,600.  1  college,  22  students,  4  acad.  87  stu- 
dents, 15  sch.  219  scholars.  Pop.  whites  16,627, 
slaves  4,388,  free  col'd  164  ;  total,  21,179. 

Smith,  county,  Miss.  Situated  a  little  s.  E.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  520  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Leaf  r.  Capital,  Raleigh.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,994,  sheep  741,  swine 


SMI 


616 


SMI 


10,635;  wheat  1,379  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
66,993,  oats  557,  potatoes  8,740,  rice  6,819  pounds, 
tobacco  654,  cotton  442,503  \  28  tanneries.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $1,017.  4  soh.  79  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  1,542,  slaves  419  ;  total,  1,961. 

Smith,  t.,  Belmont  co.,  Ohio.  Drained  by 
McMahon's  cr.,  which  affords  water  power.  It 
contains  the  villages  of  Jacobsburg  and  Centre- 
ville.     Pop.  1,956. 

Smith,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $11,000;  1  tannery,  4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,850.  9  sch.  450  scholars. 
Pop.  1,345. 

Smith,  t.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.     Pop.  1,457. 

Smith,  t.,  Posey  co..  la.    Pop.  635. 

Smithdalk,  p-v.,  Amite  co.,  Miss.,  30  s.  e.  by 
E.  Natchez,  92  s.  s.  w.  Jackson,  1,102  W. 

Smithfield,  p-t.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.  It  has  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,650.  6  sch.  365 
scholars.    Pop.  789. 

Smithfield,  p-t.,  Providence  co.,  JR..  I.,  16  n. 
Providence,  413  W.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  in  some  parts  rough ;  soil,  gravelly  and 
sandy  loam,  and  fertile  if  well  tilled.  Limestone 
abounds.  Watered  by  Blackstone  r.,  and  a 
large  branch,  which  crosses  the  n.  w.  part  of  the 
t,  both  of  which  afford  good  water  power. 
Woon socket  v.,  situated  at  the  falls  of  the  same 
name  in  Blackstone  r.,  lies  partly  in  the  t.,  and  is 
a  large  manufacturing  place,  with  great  water 
power.  Slatersville  in  the  n.  w.  part  is  also  a 
manufacturing  v.  There  are  in  the  t.  33  stores, 
cap.  $48,800 ;  10  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  31 
cotton  fac.  88,203  sp.,  1  paper  fac,  13  grist  m.,  19 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,764,000.  1  acad. 
40  students,  45  sch.  1,841  scholars.     Pop.  9,534. 

Smithfield,  t.,  Madison  co.,  N.  Y.,  106  \v. 
Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  very  fertile. 
Drained  by  Canaseraga  and  Cowasalon  creeks. 
It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $23,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tan- 
neries, 2  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$16,950.     12  sch.  535  scholars.     Pop.  1,699. 

Smithfield,  t.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly ;  soil,  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by 
Tom,  Jacks,  and  Brown's  creeks.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $19,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  1  distil- 
lery, 1  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$14,640.     11  sch.  420  scholars.    Pop.  1,427. 

Smithfield,  p-v.,  George  t.,  Fayette  co.,  Pa., 
188  w.  s.  w.  Harrisburg,  204  W.  It  contains  1 
church,  3  stores,  and  about  65  dwellings. 

Smithfield,  p-v.,  capital  of  Isle  of  Wight  co., 
Va.,  65  s.  E.  Richmond,  298  W.  Situated  on  a 
creek  or  bay  of  James  r.,  15  ms.  above  Hampton 
Roads.  It  contains  12  stores,  200 dwellings,  and 
about  900  inhabitants. 

Smithfield,  p-v.,  capital  of  Johnson  co.,  N. 
C,  27  s.  e.  Raleigh,  305  W.  Situated  on  the  e. 
side  of  Neuse  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Smithfield,  p-t.,  Jefferson  co.,  O.,  126  e.  by 
N.  Columbus,  273  W.  It  has  8  stores,  cap. 
$12,000  ;  1  tannery,  3  flouring  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $8,030.    6  sch.  350  scholars.     Pop.  2,095. 

Smithfield,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  92  w. 
Detroit,  562  W. 

Smithfield,  p-o.,  Delaware  co.,  la.,  65  n.  e. 
Indianapolis,  522  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of 
White  r.,  and  contains  1  store,  1  saw  m.,  and  1 
grist  m. 

Smithfield,  p-v.,  Alexander  co.,  111.,  227  s. 
by  e.  Springfield,  861  W. 

Smithland,  p-v.,  capital  of  Livingston  co., 
Ky.,  264  s.  w.  by  w.  Frankfort,  796  W.  Situa- 
ted on  Ohio  r.,  immediately  below  the  mouth  of 
Cumberland  r.,  and  contains  1  church,  an  hospital, 
12  stores,  and  about  900  inhabitants. 


Smithland,  p-v.,  Randolph  co.,  Mo.,  71  ti- 
by  w.  Jefferson  City,  960  W. 

Smith's,  p-o.,  McMinn  co.,  Tenn.,  162  e.  s.  e 
Nashville,  562  W. 

Smithsboro',  p-v.,  Tioga  t.  and  co.,  N.  Y., 
171  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  272  W.  Situated  on  the 
n.  side  of  Susquehanna  r.,  and  contains  1  Me- 
thodist church,  3  stores,  1  saw  m.,  30  dwellings, 
and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Smithsburg,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Md.,  106 
N.  w.  Annapolis,  77  W.  It  contains  about  75  in- 
habitants. 

Smith's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Rhea  co.,  Tenn., 
127  e.  s.  e.  Nashville,  573  W. 

Smith's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  240  w. 
N.  w.  Harrisburg,  266  W. 

Smith's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Ala.,  57  s. 
by  w.  Tuscaloosa,  875  W. 

Smith's  Ford,  p-o.,  York  dist.,  S.  C,  94  N. 
Columbia,  445  W. 

Smith  Fork,  p-o.,  Hardin  co.,  Tenn.,  120  s. 
w.  Nashville,  796  W. 

Smith's  Island,  N.  C,  situated  at  the  mouth 
of  Cape  Fear  r.  The  light-house  stands  on  the 
w.  side  of  the  island,  where  is  the  main  channel. 
Cape  Fear  is  the  s.  point  of  the  island. 

Smith's  Landing,  p-o.,  Atlantic  co.,  N.  J.,  90 
s.  Trenton,  200  W. 

Smith's  Mills,  p-o.,  Hanover  t.,  Chautauquc 
co.,  N.  Y.,  313  w.  by  s.  Albany,  360  W. 

Smith's  Mills,  p-o.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  122 
n.  w.  Harrisburg,  212  W. 

Smith's  Mills,  p-o.,  Marion  co.,  O.,  52  n. 
Columbus,  399  W. 

Smith's  Mills,  p-o.,  Henderson  co.,  Ky.,  209 
w.  by  s.  Frankfort,  736  W. 

Smith's  Mills,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  Miss.,  105  n. 
Jackson,  992  W. 

Smith's  Port,  p-v.,  capital  of  McKean  co., 
Pa.,  196  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  279  W.  Situated  at 
the  confluence  of  Stanton  and  Potatoe  creeks, 
and  contains  a  court  house,  county  offices,  all  of 
brick,  a  stone  jail,  an  academy  well  endowed, 
2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  fulling  m.,  and 
about  50  dwellings. 

Smith's  Store,  p-o.,  Spartanburg  dist.,  S.  C, 
87  n.  w.  Columbia,  481  W. 

Smithsville,  p-v.,  Abbeville  dist.,  S.  C,  94 
w.  Columbia,  520  W. 

Smithton,  p-o..  Broome  t.,  Schoharie  co.,  N. 
Y,  41  w.  Albany,  364  W. 

Smithton,  p-v.,  St.  Clair  co.,  111.,  108  s.  Spring- 
field, 817  W. 

Smithtown,  p-t.,  Suffolk  co.,  N.  Y.,  23  w. 
Riverhead,  191  s.  s.  e.  Albany,  48  K.  New  York, 
271  W.  The  surface  is  generally  level  ;  soil, 
sandy  loam.  Long  Island  sound  bounds  it  on 
the  N.  Drained  by  Nesaquake  r.,  which  affords 
water  power.  The  v.,  at  the  head  of  boat  navi- 
gation on  the  Nesaquake  r.,  contains  1  store,  1 
fulling  m.,  1  grist  m.,  and  about  15  dwellings  ; 
2  ms.  E.  there  is  another  v.,  containing  a  Presby- 
terian church,  a  store,  and  about  20  dwellings. 
There  are  in  the  t.  10  stores,  cap.  $18,300  ;  1  ful- 
ling m.,  1  woollen  fac,  7  sch.  399  scholars. 
Pop.  1,932. 

Smithtown  Bay,  N.  Y.,  is  an  indentation  of 
Long  Island  on  the  n.  of  Smithtown  t.  It  affords 
good  anchorage  ground  during  easterly  storms. 
It  abounds  with  fish  and  wild  fowl. 

Smith ville,  t.,  Chenango  co.,  N.  Y.,  15  w. 
Norwich,  131  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating ;  soil,  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Gene- 
ganslette  cr.,  and  other  small  streams  flowing 
into  Chenango  r.,  which  afford  water  power. 
It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $9,500 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist 
m.,  15  saw  m.,  19  sch.  667  scholars.    Pop.  1,762. 


SNI 


617 


SOD 


Smithville,  p-v.,  Adams  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  N. 
Y.,  179  n.  w.  Albany,  410  W.  It  contains  1 
Presbyterian  church,  2  stores,  1  carriage  fac,  1 
distillery,  30  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabit- 
ants. 

Smithville,  p-v.,  Powhatan  co.,  Va.,  3.)  w. 
Richmond,  156  VV.  It  contains  1  Presbyterian 
church,  1  store,  1  flouring  m.,  and  about  50  in- 
habitants. 

Smithville,  p-v.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  46  e.  s. 
e.  Harrisburg,  103  W. 

Smithville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Brunswick  co., 
N.  C,  173  s.  Raleigh,  390  W.  It  is  situated  on 
the  w.  side  of  Cape  Fear  r.,  2  ms.  above  its 
mouth.  It  has  a  safe  and  commodious  harbor, 
and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  hospital,  and  a 
Methodist  church,  3  stores,  60  dwellings,  and 
about  200  inhabitants.  It  is  considered  one  of 
the  most  healthy  places  in  the  state. 

Smithville,  p-v.,  Wayne  co.,  O.,  101  n.  e. 
Columbus,  348  W. 

Smithville,  p-v.,  capital  of  De  Kalb  co., 
Tenn.,  61  E.  Nashville,  620  W.  Situated  w.  of 
Caney  fork  of  Cumberland  r.,  and  contains  a 
Methodist  church,  and  about  250  inhabitants. 

Smithville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Lawrence  co., 
Ark.,  125  n.  n.  e.  Little  Rock,  1,012  W.  Situated 
on  the  n.  side  of  Strawberry  r.,  and  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  and  about  75  inhabitants. 

Smithville  Flatts,  p-v.,  Smithville  t.,  Che- 
nango co.,  N.  Y.,  125  w.  Albany,  319  W.  Situ- 
ated on  Geneganslette  cr.,  and  contains  1  Baptist 
church,  5  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  scythe 
and  axe  fac,  1  rake  and  pail  fac,  1  clothier's 
works,  1  tannery,  60  dwellings,  and  about  200 
inhabitants. 

Smoky  Hollow,  p-v.,  Claverack  t.,  Columbia 
co.,  N.  Y.,  37  s.  s.  e.  Albany,  319  W.  It  contains 
1  woollen  fac,  1  grist  m.,  1  machine  shop,  and 
about  20  dwellings. 

Smoky  Ordinary,  p-o.,  Brunswick  co.,  Va., 
64  s.  s.  w.  Richmond,  117  W. 

Smyrna,  p-o.,  Aroostook  co.,  Me. 

Smyrna,  p-t.,  Chenango  co.,  N.  Y.,  103  w.  Al- 
bany, 351  W.  The  surface  is  hilly;  soil,  gene- 
rally fertile,  particularly  in  the  valleys.  Drained 
by  tributaries  of  Chenango  r.,  which  afford  water 
power.  First  settled  in  1792.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $12,200;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $13,000  ;  3  full- 
ing m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  12 
saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $29,975.  15 
sch.  703  scholars.    Pop.  2,246. 

Smyrna,  p-v.,  Kent  co.,  Del.,  12  n.  by  w.  Do- 
ver, 132  W.  Situated  on  a  branch  of  Duck  cr., 
and  contains  a  church,  3  stores,  and  about  600  in- 
habitants. 

Smyrna,  p-v.,  Harrison  co.,  O.,  99  E.  N.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 299  W. 

Smythe,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  s.  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  480  sq.  ms.  The  surface 
is  broken ;  soil,  fertile,  on  the  streams.  Drained  by 
head  branches  of  Holstonr.  and  of  New  r.  Capital, 
Marion.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,157, 
sheep  10,857,  swine  16,392;  wheat  51,539  bush, 
produced,  rye  6,811,  Ind.  corn  221,431,  buckwheat 
4,147,  oats' 178,330,  potatoes  33,829,  sugar  54,842 
pounds ;  11  stores,  cap.  $29,307  ;  2  forges,  10  tan- 
neries, 6  distilleries.  I  pottery,  21  grist  m.,  15  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,700.  3  acad.  100  stu- 
dents, 7  sch.  198  scholars.  Pop.  whites  5,539, 
slaves  833,  free  col'd  145  ;  total,  6,522. 

Sneedsboro',  p-v.,  Anson  co.,  N.C.,  137  s.  w. 
Raleigh,  426  W.  Situated  on  w.  side  of  Yadkin 
r.,  and  contains  about  30  inhabitants. 

Snicker's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Clarke  co.,  Va.,  164 
N.  n.  w.  Richmond,  56  W. 
Snickersville,  p-v.,  Loudon  co.,  Va.,  168  n. 
78 


Richmond,  52  W.  Situated  1  m.  from  Snicker's 
Gap,  of  the  Blue  Ridge.  It  has  a  neat  church,  2 
stores,  several  mechanic  shops,  and  20  or  25 
dwellings. 

Snidersville,  p-v..  Monongalia  co.,  Va.,  287 
N.  w.  Richmond,  220  W. 

Snoddy's,  p-o.,  Buckingham  co.,  Va. 

Snoddyville,  p-v.,  Jefferson  co.,Tenn.,  12  N. 
e.  Dandridge,  226  e.  Nashville,  470  W. 

Snow  Camp,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C,  53  n.  w. 
Raleigh,  304  W. 

Snow  Creek,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  177  w. 
s.  w.  Richmond,  252  W. 

Snow  Creek,  p-o.,  Iredell  co.,  N.  C,  176  w. 
Raleigh,  377  W. 

Snow  Creek,  p-o.,  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  39  s.  s. 
w.  Nashville,  716  W. 

Snow  Hill,  p-v.,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of 
Worcester  co.,  Aid.,  115  s.  e.  Annapolis,  155  W. 
Situated  on  Pocomoke  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  an  academy,  5  churches — 1  Presby- 
terian, 1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist  Episcopal,  1  Me- 
thodist Protestant,  and  1  African  Methodist — 9 
stores,  100  dwellings,  and  800  inhabitants.  Ton- 
nage, 1840,  7,640. 

Snow  Hill,  p-v.,  capital  of  Greene  co.,  N.  C, 
89  e.  s.  e.  Raleigh,  299  W.  Situated  on  a  small 
branch  of  Neuse  r.  It  contains  a  courthouse, 
jail,  and  about  100  inhabitants. 

Snow  Hill,  p-v.,  Clinton  co.,  O.,  74  s.  s.  w. 
Columbus,  448  W. 

Snow  Hill,  p-v.,  Walker  co.,  Ga.,  211  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  625  W. 

Snow  Hill,  p-v.,  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  112  s.  Tus- 
caloosa, 887  W.    It  contains  about  50  inhabitants. 

Snow  Shoe,  p-t.,  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  101  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  193  W.  It  has  2  grist  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac  $600.     1  sch.  12  scholars.     Pop.  162. 

Snow's  Store,  p-o.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  46  s. 
Montpelier,  492  W. 

Snowsville,  p-v.,  Choctaw  co.,  Miss.,  110  n. 
n.  e.  Jackson,  936  W. 

Snyder,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $2,500;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,700.  1  sch.  16  scholars. 
Pop.  291. 

Snydersville,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  116  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  209  W.  It  contains  1  store,  1  saw 
m.,  1  grist  m.,  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Snydersville,  p-o.,  Knox  co.,  la. 

Soccapatoy,  p-o.,  Coosa  co.,  Ala.,  132  E.  s. 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  799  W. 

Social  Circle,  p-o.,  Walton  co.,  Ga.,  60  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  642  W. 

Social  Hill,  p-o.,  Cherokee  co.,  Ga.,  109  n. 
w.  Milledgeville,  654  W. 

Sociality,  p-o.,  Dayton  t.,  Cattaraugus  co., 
N.  Y.,  309  w.  by  s.  Albany,  347  W. 

Society  Land,  t.,  Hillsborough  co.,  N.  H.  It 
has  2  sch.  34  scholars.     Pop.  133. 

Society  Hill,  p-v.,  Darlington  dist.,  S.  C, 
108  e.  n.  e.  Columbia,  433  W.  Situated  on  w. 
side  of  the  Great  Pedee  r.,  and  contains  3 
churches — I  Baptist,  1  Episcopal,  and  1  Metho- 
dist—and 400  inhabitants. 

Society  Hill,  p-v.,  Macon  co.,  Ala.,  167  s.  E. 
Tuscaloosa,  784  W.  _  Situated  near  Ufapee  cr., 
and  contains  about  75  inhabitants. 

Soddy,  p-o.,  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn.,  137  s.  E. 
Nashville,  590  W. 

Sodus,  bay,  N.  Y.,  in  Wayne  co.,  5  ms.  long, 
and  from  1  to  3  wide,  opens  into  Lake  Ontario. 
It  is  navigable,  and  at  its  mouth  have  been  con- 
structed extensive  piers  and  lighthouses.  It  is 
often  called  Great  Sodus  bay. 

Sodus,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  n.  Lyons, 
195  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  371  W.    The  surface  de- 


SOM 


618 


SOM 


clines  gently  towards  Lake  Ontario,  which 
bounds  it  on  the  n.  with  Sodus  bay  on  the  N.  E. 
Drained  by  Salmon  cr.  and  other  streams,  flow- 
ing into  the  lake  or  the  bay.  The  v.,  situated  on 
the  ridge  road,  5  ms.  s.  of  the  lake,  contains  3 
churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  and  1 
Methodist — 6  stores,  1  steam  saw  m.,  1  tannery, 
50  dwellings,  and  about  350  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.  8  stores,  cap.  $13,900;  3  fulling  m., 
4  tanneries,  1  distillery,  4  grist  m.,  20  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,400.  22  sch.  1,439  scholars. 
Fop.  4,472. 

Sodus  Centre,  p-o.,  Sodus  t.,  Wayne  co.,  N. 
Y.,  191  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  367  W. 

Sodus  Point,  p-v.,  port  of  entry,  Sodus  t., 
Wayne  co.,  N.  Y.,  201  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  377  W. 
Situated  at  the  entrance  of  Great  Sodus  bay, 
with  a  good  harbor,  and  contains  1  store,  1  steam 
saw  m.,  and  25  dwellings. 

Solemn  Grove,  p-o.,  Moore  co.,  N.  C,  90  s. 
w.  Raleigh,  377  W. 

Solesbury,  t.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is 
rolling ;  soil,  clay  and  sandy  loam.  Delaware 
r.  bounds  it  on  the  N.  and  e.  Here  is  Ingham's, 
or  Great  Spring,  which  is  clear  and  cold  in  the 
summer,  and  does  not  freeze  in  the  winter,  and 
discharges  a  stream  which,  with  18  or  20  feet 
fall,  would  drive  a  grist  m.,  with  two  run  of 
stones,  through  the  year.  There  are  5  good  mill 
seats  upon  it  before  it  flows  into  Delaware  r.,  a 
distance  of  3  ms.  There  are  in  the  t.  4  villages, 
and  2  bridges  across  the  Delaware.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $12,300 ;  1  tannery,  1  paper  fac,  2 
flouring  m.,  7  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $52,275.    8  sch.  381  scholars.     Pop.  2,033. 

Solon,  p-t.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  18  n.  Norridge- 
wock,  52  n.  Augusta,  647  W.  Kennebec  r.  bounds 
it  on  the  w.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain. 
It  has  a  considerable  pond  in  its  n.  e.  part.  A 
small  tributary  of  Kennebec  r.  waters  it  in  the 
N.  w.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $6,500 ;  1  fulling  m., 
1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$2,200.    8  sch.  507  scholars.    Pop.  1,139. 

Solon,  p-t.,  Cortland  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  E.Cortland, 
138  w.  Albany,  323  W.  The  surface  is  undula- 
ting ;  soil,  gravel,  clay,  and  sandy  loam,  adapted 
to  grazing.  Drained  by  Ostelic  r.  and  its  tributa- 
ries. It  has  1  store,  cap.  $4,000;  1  grist  m.,  3 
saw  ra.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,500;  20  sch.  747 
scholars.    Pop.  2,311. 

Solon,  p-t.,  Cuyahoga  co.,  O.,  154  n.  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 344  W.  Watered  by  Chagrin  r.  and  its 
branches,  which  afford  extensive  water  power, 
and  by  Tinkers  cr.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $500 ;  1 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  8  sch.  280  scholars.  Pop. 
774. 

Solus,  p-o.,  Wood  co.,  Va.,  303  vv.  n.  w.  Rich- 
mond, 271  W. 

Somerfield,  p-o.,  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  158  w. 
Harrisburg,  174  W. 

Somerford,  t.,  Madison  co.,  O.  It  has  1  grist 
m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,150.  8  sch. 
300  scholars.     Pop.  761. 

Somers,  p-t.,  Tolland  co.,  Ct.,  23  n.  e.  Hart- 
ford, 359  W.  The  surface  is  level  on  the  w.,  and 
elevated  and  mountainous  on  the  e.,  affording  an 
extensive  view  of  the  valley  of  Connecticut  r., 
and  reaching  to  the  city  of  Hartford.  It  contains 
1  Congregational  and  1  Methodist  church.  The 
v.  at  the  centre  contains  1  church,  4  or  5  stores, 
and  30  or  40  dwellings.  Straw  hats  and  bonnets 
are  extensively  manufactured.  It  has  6  stores, 
cap.  $37,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  10  sch. 
446  scholars.     Pop.  1,621. 

Somers,  p-t.,  Westchester  co.,  N.  Y.,  20  n 
White  Plains,  119  s.  Albany,  274  W.  The  sur- 
face   is  partly  uneven,  with   some    extensive 


Elains  ;  soil,  adapted  to  grass  and  grain.  Watered 
y  Croton  r.  and  its  tributaries.  The  v.  contains 
2  churches,  2  stores,  and  35  or  40  dwellings. 
There  are  in  the  t.  4  sch.  62  scholars.  Pop. 
2,032. 

Somers,  t.,  Preble  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,820. 

Somerset,  county,  Me.  Situated  in  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  3,600  sq.  ms 
Watered  by  Kennebec  r.,  which  flows  from  Ura- 
bagog  lake,  on  its  E.  border,  and  by  various 
branches.  There  are  many  lakes  in  its  upper 
parts.  The  surface  is  various  ;  soil,  in  its  lower 
parts,  generally  fertile.  The  n.  part  is  still  a 
wilderness.  Capital,  Norridgewock.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  27,366,  sheep  66,062,  swine 
11,650  ;  wheat  132,487  bush,  produced,  rye  10,882, 
Ind.  corn  71,134,  buckwheat  1,334,  barley  18,372, 
oats  197,963,  potatoes  1,033,718,  sugar  94,121 
pounds  ;  77  stores,  cap.  $94,510 ;  13  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  20  tanneries,  2  potteries,  44  grist  m., 
75  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $305,291.  4  acad.  155  students,  333 
sch.  13,179  scholars.    Pop.  33,912. 

Somerset,  county,  N.  J.  Situated  a  little  n. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  275  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  various  ;  soil,  fertile,  particularly 
on  the  streams.  Watered  by  Raritan  r.  and  its 
branches.  Capital,  Somerville.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  15,776,  sheep  16,754,  swine 
14,026 ;  wheat  40,780  bush,  produced,  rye  124,793, 
Ind.  corn  270,969,  buckwheat  52,060,  barley  1,846, 
oats  313,245,  potatoes,  76,845  ;  64  stores,  cap. 
$142,200 ;  6  lumber  yards,  cap.  $42,000  ;  9  fulling 
m.,  6  woollen  fac,  14  tanneries,  14  distilleries,  1 
pottery,  1  flouring  m.,  30  grist  m.,  30  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.,  3  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac  $271,129.  1  col- 
lege, 115  students,  1  acad.  56  students,  48  sch. 
1,313  scholars.     Pop.  17,455. 

Somerset,  county,  Pa.  Situated  toward  the 
s.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,000  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  branches  of  Conemaugh  r.  and  Castle- 
man's  branch  of  Youghiogheny  r.  It  has  Laurel 
Hill  mt.  on  its  n.  w.  border,  and  Alleghany  mt.  on 
its  s.  e.  border,  between  which  the  surface  is  un- 
even, and  the  soil  adapted  to  grain  and  to  graz- 
ing. Capital,  Somerset.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  31,000,  sheep  36,900,  swine  25,720 ; 
wheat  118,100  bush,  produced,  rye  169,550,  Ind. 
corn  32,940,  buckwheat  46,650,  oats  621,200, 
potatoes  134,800,  sugar  299,800  pounds ;  46  stores, 
cap.  $168,500;  13  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  20 
tanneries,  47  distilleries,  1  brewery,  9  potteries,  2 
printing  offices,  3  weekly  newspapers,  2  flouring 
m.,  64  grist  m.,  141  saw  m.,  4  oil  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $116,310.  21  sch.  476  scholars.  Pop. 
19,650. 

Somerset,  county,  Md.  Situated  in  the  s.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  500  sq.  ms.  Nan- 
ticoke  r.  bounds  it  on  the  n.  w.  Drained  by  Po- 
comoke,  Wicomico,  and  Manokin  rivers.  Capi- 
tal, Princess  Anne.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  11,224,  sheep  11,558,  swine  20,010;  wheat 
36,773  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  428,102,  oats 
125,697,  potatoes  52,091 ;  72  stores,  cap.  $97,375 ; 
3  lumber  yards,  cap.  $30,000 ;  5  tanneries,  28 
grist  m.,  19  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $25,750. 
1  college,  20  students,  2  acad.  26  students,  23  sch. 
614  scholars.  Pop.  whites  11,485,  slaves  5,377, 
free  col'd  2,646 ;  total,  19,508. 

Somerset,  p-t.,  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  44  s.  Boston, 
418  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Taunton  r., 
which  is  navigable  to  this  place  for  vessels  of  con- 
siderable burden.  Incorporated  in  1790.  It  con- 
tains 4  churches — 2  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  1 
Friends.  It  has  some  shipping ;  and  ship-building 
is  a  considerable  business.    It  has  6  stores,  cap. 


SOM 


619 


SOU 


$8,250.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,425.  8  sell.  143 
scholars.     Pop.  1,005. 

Somerset,  t.,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  15  n.  I.  Ben- 
nington. The  surface  is  mountainous,  lying  on 
the  Green  mountain  range,  and  containing  a  part 
of  it  called  Mount  Pisgah.  Drained  hy  Deer- 
field  r.  and  its  branch,  Moose  r.  It  has  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,050.  3  sch.  89  scholars. 
Pop.  262. 

Somerset,  p-t.,  Niagara  co.,  N.  Y.,  14  n.  E. 
Lockport,  276  w.  by  n.  Albany,  419  W.  The 
surface  is  level;  soil, sandy  and  clay  loam.  Lake 
Ontario  bounds  it  on  the  n.  Watered  by  Golden 
Hill  cr.  and  other  small  streams  flowing  into  the 
lake.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $7,800 ;  1  tannery,  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,275.  6  sch.  319 
scholars.     Pop.  1,742. 

Somerset,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $3,600 ;  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $3,000.  8  sch.  279  scholars.  Pop. 
1,620. 

Somerset,  p-b.,  Somerset  t.,  capital  of  Somer- 
set co.,  Pa.,  40  w.  Harrisburg,  166  W.  It  is  situ- 
ated on  Cox's  cr.  Incorporated  in  1804,  and  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  of  stone,  county  offices, 
of  brick,  an  academy,  and  3  churches — 1  German 
Reformed,  1  Lutheran,  and  1  Methodist ;  7  stores, 
cap.  $33,000  :  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  1  brewery, 
2  potteries,  2  printing  offices,  3  weekly  news- 
papers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,800;  1  sch.  87 
scholars.     Pop.  633. 

Somerset,  t.,  Somerset  co.,  Pa.  The  surface 
is  rolling  ;  soil,  yellow  clay.  Drained  by  Laurel 
Hiil,  .Middle,  and  Cox's  creeks.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $6,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  9  distilleries, 

1  pottery,  11  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $8,200.     1  sch.  30  scholars.     Pop.  2,711. 

Somerset,  p-t.,  capital  of  Perry  co.,  O.,  47  e. 
s.  E.  Columbus,  358  W.  The  v.  contains  a  court- 
house, jail,  9  stores,  120  dwellings,  and  about  750 
inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  13  stores,  cap. 
$18,750;  2tanneries,  1  distillery,  2  printing  offices, 

2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,367. 
1  acad.  60  students,  4  sch.  160  scholars.  Pop. 
947. 

Somerset,  t.,  Belmont  co.,  O.  It  has  1  sch. 
30  scholars.     Pop.  1,933. 

Somerset,  p-v.,  capital  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky.,  84 
s.  s.  e.  Frankfort,  590  W.  Situated  5  ms.  N.  of 
Cumberland  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
and  about  240  inhabitants. 

Somerset,  p-t.,  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.  It  con- 
tains some  of  the  highest  land  in  the  state  ;  soil, 
fertile,  adapted  to  grain.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$3,600 ;  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,400.  4 
sch.  85  scholars.     Pop.  716. 

Somerset,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Mo.,  83  n.  Jeffer- 
son City,  943  W. 

Somers  Point,  p-v.,  Atlantic  co.,  N.  J.,  91  s. 
Trenton,  201  W.  Port  of  entry  for  Great  Egg 
Harbor  dist.  Situated  on  Great  Egg  Harbor  bay. 
It  contains  a  boarding  house,  much  resorted  to  for 
sea-bathing  in  the  summer  season. 

Somers  worth,  t.,  Strafford  co.,  N.  H.,  45  e. 
Concord.  Bounded  on  the  n.  e.  and  e.  by  Sal- 
mon Falls  r.  Cocheco  r.  bounds  it  on  the  s.  w. 
First  settled  in  1750.  At  Quamphigan  falls,  in 
the  r.  in  the  n.  part  of  this  t,  at  the  head  of  tide- 
water, is  a  large  manufacturing  v.  Vessels  of 
250  tons  come  within  a  mile  of  it.  It  is  denom- 
inated Great  Falls  v.,  and  contains  4  churches, 
very  extensive  cotton  and  woollen  factories,  and 
about  2,500  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  30 
stores,  cap.  $42,890;  12  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  4  cotton  fac.  40,012  sp.,  2  grist  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $966,250.  1  acad.  20  Btudents,  13  sch. 
835  scholars.    Pop.  3,283. 


Somkrton,  p-o.,  Moreland  i.,  Philadelphia  co., 
Pa.,  113  E.  by  s.  Harrisburg.  153  \\  . 

Somkkton,  p-v.,  Wan— Mond  en.,  \'a.,  95  s.  e. 
Richmond,  214  W.  It  contains  1  Methodist 
church,  1  store,  and  about  75  inhabitants. 

Somerton,  p-v.,  Somerset  t.,  Belmont  co.,  O., 
107  E.  Columbus,  293  W.  Situated  on  the  s. 
fork  of  Captina  cr.,  and  contains  1  Methodist  and 

1  Friends  church,  2  stores,  several  mechanic 
shops,  2  tobacco  houses,  about  30  dwellings,  and 
180  inhabitants.  Tobacco  has  been  extensively 
cultivated  in  the  neighborhood. 

Somerville,  p-v.,  Rossie  t.,  St.  Lawrence  co., 
N.  Y.,  176  n.  n.  w.  Albany,  445  W.    It  contains 

2  stores,  30  dwellings,  and  about  175  inhabitants. 
Somerville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Somerset  co.,  N. 

J.,  31  n.  Trenton,  202  W.  Situated  1  m.  n.  of 
Raritan  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  1 
Dutch  Reformed  and  1  Methodist  church,  an 
academy,  a  female  seminary,  7  stores,  1  grist  n.., 
over  100  dwellings,  many  of  them  neat,  and  about 
800  inhabitants. 

Somerville,  p-v.,  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  83  n.  by 
w.  Richmond,  70  W. 

Somerville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Morgan  co..  Ala., 
133  n.  n.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  732  W.  Situated  5  ms. 
s.  of  Tennessee  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  and  about  250  inhabitants. 

Somerville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Fayette  co.. 
Tenn.,  185  w.  s.  w.  Nashville,  871  W.  Situated 
half  a  mile  s.  of  Loosa  Hatchie  r.,  and  contains 
a  court  house,  jail,  3  churches,  a  male  and  female 
academy,  a  bank,  and  750  inhabitants.  Somer- 
ville College  has  been  chartered  here,  and  a 
building  is  in  process  of  erection. 

Somerville,  p-v.,  Milford  t.,  Butler  co.,  O., 
101  w.  s.  w.  Columbus,  494  W.  It  contains  4 
stores,  about  50  dwellings,  and  300  inhabitants. 

Somenauk,  p-o.,  De  Kalb  co.,  111.,  182  n.  n.  e. 
Springfield,  775  W. 

Sooy's  I n\,  p-o.,  Burlington  co.,  N.  J.,  55  s. 
Trenton,  179  W. 

Sorel  Horse,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  113 
e.  Harrisburg,  153  W. 

Sorby,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  Tenn.,  1 10  s.  w.  Nash- 
ville, 786  W. 

Souchahatche,  p-o.,  Macon  co.,  Ala.,  149  s. 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  796  W. 

Souhegan,  river,  N.  H.,  rises  in  a  pond  in 
Ashburnham,  Mass.,  and  flows  into  New  Ipswich, 
in  the  s.  w.  part  of  Hillsboro'  co.,  N.  H.,  and 
thence  if.  e.  and  e.,  until  it  enters  Merriraac  r., 
in  Merrimac  t. 

South  Albion,  p-v.,  Albion  t.,  Kennebec  co., 
Me.,  25  n.  e.  Augusta,  620  W. 

South  Alton,  p-v.,  Alton  t.,  Belknap  co.,  N. 
H,  28  n.  e.  Concord,  509  W. 

South  Amenia,  p-o.,  Amenia  t,  Dutchess  co., 
N.  Y.,  68  s.  Albany,  325  W. 

South  Amherst,  p-o.,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass. 

South  Amboy,  t.,  Middlesex  co.,  N.  J.  Raritan 
r.  bounds  it  on  the  n.,  Raritan  bay  on  the  N.  E., 
and  Millstone  river  on  the  s.  w.  The  surface  is 
level ;  soil,  sandy.  Drained  by  South  r.  and  its 
tributaries.  The  Camden  and  Amboy  railroad 
runs  through  it.  The  v.  is  at  the  head  of  Raritan 
bay,  at  the  mouth  of  Raritan  r.,  I  m.  s.  of  Perth 
Amboy.  It  has  a  good  harbor.  The  above  rail- 
road terminates  here,  and  is  connected  by  a 
steamboat  line  with  the  city  of  New  York.  It 
contains  a  large  manufactory  of  stoneware,  from 
excellent  clay  in  the  'vicinity,  and  about  20 
dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  3  stores,  capital 
$1,400;  1  pottery,  1  paper  fac,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufactures  $24,100.  6  sch.  198 
scholars.    Pop.  1,825. 

Southampton,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H., 


sou 


620 


SOU 


39  s.  Concord,  474  W.  The  surface  is  generally 
level ;  soil,  fertile.  Drained  by  Powow  r.,  which 
affords  good  water  power.  Incorporated  in  1742. 
It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $3,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.  1  academy  25  students,  4  sch.  132 
scholars.     Pop.  462. 

Southampton,  p-t.,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  9 
s.  w.  Northampton,  102  w.  by  s.  Boston,  372  W. 
Manhan  r.  passes  twice  through  the  t.,  first  from 
N.  to  s.  into  the  n.  part  of  Westfield,  and  return- 
ing passes  through  it  to  the  n.  e.  It  affords  good 
water  power.  The  canal  from  New  Haven  to 
Northampton  passes  through  the  t.,  along  Manhan 
r.  It  has  a  lead  mine  in  its  n.  part.  The  v.  at 
the  centre  contains  a  Congregational  church  and 
an  academy.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $4,800  ;  1  full- 
ing m.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $8,900.  1  acad.  40  students,  7  sch.  370 
scholars.    Pop.  1,157. 

Southampton,  p-t.,  Suffolk  co.,  N.  Y.,  250  s. 
s.  E.  Albany,  330  W.  The  surface  is  generally 
level ;  soil,  light  sand  and  sandy  loam,  and  fer- 
tile if  well  manured.  It  is  a  large  t.,  at  the  e. 
part  of  Long  Island,  extending  from  Great  and 
Little  Peconic  bays  on  the  n.,  to  the  Atlantic 
ocean  on  the  s.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  post- 
road  running  on  the  s.  side  of  Long  Island,  and 
contains  1  Presbyterian  church,  an  academy, 
several  stores  and  mechanic  shops,  3  wind  m.,  50 
dwellings,  and  about  400  inhabitants.  There  are 
in  the  t.  53  stores,  cap.  $153,800  ;  2  woollen  fac, 
1  pottery,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  and  1  semi- 
weekly  newspapers,  10  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $46,345.  2  acad.  90  students,  31  sch. 
1,281  scholars.     Pop.  6,205. 

Southampton,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the 
s.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  648  sq.  miles. 
Meherrin  r.  runs  on  its  s.  w.  border,  and  Black- 
water  r.  runs  on  its  K.  border.  Drained  by  Not- 
taway  r.  and  its  branches.  Capital,  Jerusalem. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,003,  sheen 
7,967,  swine  43,663 ;  wheat  9,730  bush,  produced, 
rye  3,032,  Ind.  corn  553,895,  oats  71,312,  potatoes 
88,036,  rice  1,080  pounds,  tobacco  25,346,  cotton 
851,315  ;  20  stores,  capital  $56,250  ;  1  tannery,  24 
grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,300.  2  acad.  40 
students,  22  sch.  409  scholars.  Pop.  whites  5,171, 
slaves  6,555,  free  col'd  1,799 ;  total,  14,525. 

Southampton,  t.,  Somerset  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $3,000 ;  1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  4  grist 
m.,  6  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac.  $2,650.  Pop. 
755. 

Southampton,  t.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  12  s.  e. 
Doylestown.  The  surface  is  rolling :  soil,  sandy 
loam.  Watered  by  Poquessing  and  Pennypack 
crs.  It  contains  a  Friends  church  in  its  n.  w. 
part.  It  has  4  stores,  capital  $7,000 ;  2  sch.  68 
scholars.     Pop.  1,256. 

Southampton,  t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  18  s. 
w.  Carlisle.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  calcare- 
ous loam.  The  t.  is  mostly  covered  by  South 
mountain,  which  is  susceptible  of  cultivation  to 
its  top.  A  small  stream,  rising  in  the  hills,  runs 
3  or  4  ms.,  and  disappears  in  a  limestone  sink.  It 
has  3  stores,  cap.  $7,500 ;  2  furnaces,  1  distillery, 
3  flouring  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,180. 
6  sch.  240  scholars.     Pop.  1,484. 

Southampton,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  13  n.  e. 
Chambersburg.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  cal- 
careous loam.  Conedogwinit  cr.  runs  on  its  n. 
w.  boundary,  and  Mean's  run,  its  tributary,  on 
the  s.  E.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $6,500  ;  2  fulling 
m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  furnaces,  1  tannery,  1  distil- 
lery, 1  flouring  m.,  7  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufactures  $4,500.  8  sch.  335  scholars.  Pop 
1,703. 
Southampton,  t.,  Bedford,  Pa.  It  has  1  store, 


cap.  $5,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  distillery, 
1  pottery,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $9,620.     3  sch.  125  scholars.     Pop.  1,513. 

Southampton,  t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.  It  has  7 
sch.  286  scholars.     Pop.  289. 

South  Anna,  river,  Va.,  rises  in  Louisa  co., 
and,  watering  its  s.  part,  enlers  North  Anna  r., 
on  the  border  of  Hanover  co.,  to  form  Pamunky 
river. 

South  Anna,  p-v.,  Louisa  co.,  Va.,  67  n.  w. 
Richmond,  HOW. 

South  Anson,  p-v.,  Anson  t.,  Somerset  co., 
Me.,  44  n.  E.  Augusta,  639  W. 

South  Akgyle,  p-o.,  Argvle  t.,  Washington 
co.,  N.  Y.,  42  n.  e.  Albany,  41*2  W. 

South  Athol,,  p-o.,  Athol  t.,  Warren  co.,  N.Y. 

South  Attleborough,  p-v.,  Attleborough  t., 
Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  43  s.  s.  w.  Boston,  407  W. 

South  Auburn,  p-o.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa., 
179  n.  n.  e.  Harritburg,  27S  W. 

South  Avon,  p-o.,  Avon  t.,  Livingston  co.,  N. 
Y.,  224  w.  Albany,  353  W. 

South  Bainbridge,  p-v.,  Bainbridge  t.,  Che- 
nango co.,  N.  Y.,  110  w.  by  s.  Albany,  314  W. 
Situated  on  both  sides  of  Susquehanna  r.,  and 
contains  2  churches,  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m., 
and  about  40  dwellings. 

South  Barre,  p-v.,  Barre  t.,  Washington  co., 
Vt.,  8  s.  s.  e.  Montpelier,  518  W. 

South  Barre,  p-o..  Barre  t.,  Orleans  co.,  N. 
Y,  256  w.  by  n.  Albany,  386  W. 

South  Bay,  N.  Y.  A  branch  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  which  it  enters  in  its  s.  part,  in  Washington 
co.     It  is  about  4  ms.  long,  and  half  a  m.  wide. 

South  Bedford,  p-o.,  Bedford  t.,  Merrimac 
co.,  N.  H. 

South  Bend,  p-v.,  capital  of  St.  Joseph's  co., 
la.,  139  n.  Indianapolis,  624  W.  Pleasantly  situ- 
ated on  a  high  bluff,  on  the  s.  side  of  St.  Joseph's 
r.,  and  has  a  great  water  power.  It  contains  a 
court  house  of  brick,  a  jail,  a  number  of  stores, 
and  about  1,000  inhabitants. 

South  Berwick,  p-t.,  York  co.,  Me.,  95  s.  w 
Augusta,  500  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  e.  side  of 
Salmon  Fall  r.  The  Great  falls,  in  the  r.,  afford 
great  water  power.  Incorporated  in  1814.  It 
contains  a  flourishing  manufacturing  v.  It  has 
16  stores,  cap.  $24,300 ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  woollen 
fac,  1  cotton  fac  6,912  spindles,  3  tanneries,  2 
grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $223,400. 
1  acad.  73  students,  14  sch.  871  scholars.  Pop. 
2,314. 

South  Bloomfield,  p-v.,  Harrison  t.,  Picka- 
way co.,  O.,  17  s.  Columbus,  405  W.  Situated 
a  little  w.  of  the  Ohio  canal,  and  contains  3  stores, 
1  tannery,  30  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabit- 
ants. In  the  vicinity  are  various  mills  and  manu- 
factories. 

Soutiiborough,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  26 
w.  Boston,  414  W.  The  surface  is  moderately 
uneven  ;  soil,  productive.  Watered  by  a  branch 
of  Sudbury  r.  Incorporated  in  1727.  It  contains 
1  Congregational,  1  Unitarian,  and  1  Baptist 
church.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $24,000  ;  1  fulling 
m.,  1  woollen  fac,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $17,900.  6  sch.  337  scholars.  Pop. 
1,145. 

South  Branch,  p-o.,  Wirt  t.,  Alleghany  co., 
N.  Y.,  278  w.  by  s.  Albany,  319  W. 

Southbridge,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  61 
w.  s.  w.  Boston,  381  W.  Watered  by  Quinne- 
baug  r.,  which  affords  water  power.  It  contains 
3  churches — 1  Congregational,  1  Baptist,  and  1 
Methodist.  It  has  a  pleasant  v.,  in  which  are  1 
bank,  2  churches,  and  40  or  50  dwellings.  It  has 
10  stores,  cap.  $26,000  ;  1  woollen  fac,  8  cotton 
fac  14,660  sp.,  1  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.    Capital  in 


sou 


621 


SOU 


manufac.  $160,875.  1  acad.  25  students,  7  sen. 
368  scholars.     Pop.  2,031. 

South  Bridgkton,  p-o.,  Bridgeton  t.,  Cum- 
berland co.,  Me.,  83  s.  s.  \v.  Augusta,  569  W. 

South  Bristol,  p-t.,  Ontario  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  s. 
Canandaigua,  213  w.  Albany,  319  W.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  ;  soil,  clay  loam,  moderately  fertile. 
Drained  by  Mud  er.,  "and  small  streams  which 
flow  into  Canandaigua  lake,  which  bounds  it  on 
the  s.  E.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $3,000  ;  1  fulling 
m.,  1  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$12,840.     14  sch.  631  scholars.     Pop.  1,375. 

South  Britain,  p-v.,  Southbury  t.,  New  Ha- 
ven co.,  Ct.,  57  s.  Hartford,  301  W.  It  is  4  s.  w. 
Southbury  v.,  and  contains  2  churches — 1  Con- 
gregational and  1  Methodist — 3  stores,  1  carpet 
fac,  3  hat  fac,  and  about  25  dwellings. 

South  Broadalbin,  p-o.,  Broadalbin  t.,  Ful- 
ton co.,  N.  Y.,  39  n.  w.  Albany,  497  W. 

South  Brunswick,  t.,  Middlesex  co.,  N.  J., 
12  s.  w.  New  Brunswick.  The  surface  is  level, 
with  some  hills  on  the  w. ;  soil,  sandy  loam 
and  red  shale,  and,  in  some  parts,  highly  culti- 
vated. Drained  by  Lawrence's  brook  and 
branches  of  3Iillstone  r.  It  has  8  stores,  cap. 
$14,300 ;  9  distilleries,  4  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $30,850.  12  sch.  360  scholars.  Pop. 
2,797. 

Southbury,  p-t.,  New  Haven  co.,  Ct.,  20  n. 
w.  New  Haven,  54  s.  w.  Hartford,  304  W.  Wa- 
tered by  Pamperaug  r.,  which  affords  water 
power.    The  surface  is  moderately  uneven  ;  soil, 


sandy  loam,  warm  and  fertile.  The  v.  is  Min- 
uted on  Pamperaqg  r.,  and  contain*  1  Coo 
tional  and  1  Methodist  church.  The  street  wlmli 
passes  through  the  town  is  hroad,  and  ornament- 
ed on  its  sides  by  majestic  sugar-maple  trees. 
There  are  in  the  t.  9  stores,  cap.  $24,80!) ;  ;i  fall- 
ing m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  3  distilleries,  4 
grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  mannfec.  122,140. 
2  acad.  61  students,  10  sch.  226  scholars.  Pop. 
1,512. 

South  Butler,  p-o.,  Butler  t.,  Wayne  co., 
N.  YM  174  w.  by  n.  Albany,  354  W. 

South  Byron,  p-o.,  Byron  t.,  Genesee  co., 
N.  Y. 

South  Cairo,  p-o.,  Cairo  t.,  Greene  county, 
N.Y. 

South  Cameron,  p-o.,  Cameron  t.,  Steu- 
ben co.,  N.  Y.,  230  w.  by  s.  Albany,  298  W. 

South  Canaan,  p-v.,  Canaan  t.,  Litchfield 
co.,  Ct.,  43  n.  w.  Hartford,  340  W.  It  contains  a 
Congregational  and  a  Methodist  church,  an 
iron  works,  and  an  anchor  shop  on  Hollenback 
r.,  and  another  at  Canaan  falls,  on  the  Housa- 
tonic  r.  Limestone  is  found  here,  and  lime  of 
an  excellent  quality  is  manufactured  and  ex- 
ported. 

South  Canebrake,  p-o.,  Perry  co.,  Ala.,  70 
s.  Tuscaloosa,  832  W. 

South  Canton,  p-o.,  Canton  t.,  St.  Lawrence 
co.,  N.  Y.,  238  n.  n.  w.  Albany,  500  W. 

South  Carroll,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  Tenn.,  114 
w.  Nashville,  799  W. 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

South  Carolina,  one  of  the  southern  United  States,  is  bounded  n.  by  North  Carolina ;  s.  E. 
by  the  Atlantic ;  and  s.  w.  by  Georgia,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Savannah  river.  It  is 
between  32°  2'  and  35°  1&  n.  lat.,  and  between  73°  24'  and  83°  30*  w.  Ion.,  and  between  1°  45' 
and  6°  15'  w.  from  W.  It  is  200  miles  long  and  125  broad,  containing  about  25,000  square  miles, 
or  16,000,000  acres.  The  population  in  1790  was  240,000;  in  1800,  345,591;  in  1810,415,115;  in 
1820,  502,741 ;  in  1830,  581,458 ;  in  1840,  594,393,  including  327,033  slaves.  Of  the  free  population, 
130,496  were  white  males;  128,538  do.  females;  3,864  were  colored  males;  4,412  do.  females. 
Employed  in  agriculture,  198,363  ;  in  commerce,  1,958  ;  manufactures  and  trades,  10,325  ;  naviga- 
ting the  ocean,  331 ;  canals,  rivers,  &c,  348;  learned  professions,  &c,  1,481. 

This  state  is  divided  into  29  districts,  which  with  their  population  in  1840,  and  their  capitals, were  as 
follows:  Abbeville,  29,351,  Abbeville;  Anderson,  18,493,  Anderson C.  IL;  Barnwell,  21,471, 
Barnwell  C.  H. ;  Beaufort,  35,794,  Coosawhatchie ;  Charleston,  82,661, Charleston;  Chester, 
17,747, Chester  C.  H. ;  Chesterfield,  8,574,  Chesterfieldville ;  Colleton,  25,543,  Walterborough ; 
Darlington,  14,822,  Darlington  C.  H.;  Edgefield,  32,852,  Edgefield  C.  H. ;  Fairfield,  20,165, 
Winnsborough  ;  Georgetown,  18,274,  Georgetown;  Greenville,  17,839,  Greenville ;  Horry, 
5,755,  Conwaysborough  ;  Kershaw,  12,281,  Camden  ;  Lancaster,  9,907,  Lancaster  C.  H. ;  Lau- 
rens, 21,584,  Laurensville  ;  Lexington,  12,111,  Lexington;  Marion,  13,932,  Marion;  Marl- 
borough, 8,403,  Bennettsville ;  Newberry,  18,350,  Newberry  C.  H. ;  Orangeburg,  18,519, 
Orangeburg  C.  H. ;  Pickens,  14,356,  Pickens  C.  H.;  Richland,  16,397,  Columbia;  Spartan- 
burg, 23,699,  Spartanburg;  Sumter,  27,892,  Sumterville;  Union,  18,936,  Unionville;  Wil- 
liamsburg, 10,327,  Kingstree ;  York,  18,383,  Yorkville. 

Columbia,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Congaree,  immediately  below  the  confluence  of  Broad  and 
Saluda  rivers,  is  the  seat  of  government. 

The  seacoast  is  bordered  with  a  fine  chain  of  islands,  between  which  and  the  shore  there  is  a 
very  convenient  navigation.  The  mainland  is  naturally  divided  into  the  Lower  and  Upper  coun- 
try. The  low  country  extends  from  80  to  100  miles  from  the  seacoast,  and  is  covered  with  ex- 
tensive forests  of  pitch  pine,  called  pine-barrens,  interspersed  with  marshes  and  swamps  of  a  rich 
soil.  The  banks  of  the  large  rivers,  and  tho  creeks  of  this  region,  are  bordered  with  a  belt  of 
excellent  land,  producing  cotton  and  Indian  corn  in  abundance.  The  marshes  and  swamps  in  this 
district  make  fine  rice  plantations. 

After  leaving  the  Low  country,  in  proceeding  into  the  interior,  you  first  pass  through  a  region  of 
little  sand-hills,  which  have  been  compared  to  the  arrested  waves  of  the  sea  in  a  storm.  This 
curious  country,  sometimes  denominated  the  Middle  country,  continues  for  50  or  60  miles,  till  you 
arrive  at  the  Ridge,  or  Upper  country,  the  ascent  to  which,  proceeding  from  the  Atlantic,  is  sudden, 


SOU  622  SOU 

and  somewhat  precipitous.  The  Lower  falls  of  the  river  are  found  along  this  ridge.  The  low 
grounds  between  the  sand  hills  in  this  region  are  suitable  for  agriculture  and  pasturage  ;  but  with 
these  exceptions,  the  country  below  the  ridge  is  barren,  and  scarcely  worth  cultivation.  Beyond 
the  ridge  commences  a  beautiful  and  healthy  country  of  hills  and  dales,  and  fine  flowing  streams  of 
pure  water.  Tins  whole  region  may  be  regarded  as  an  elevated  table  land,  and  is  generally  fer- 
tile. At  the  distance  of  220  miles  x.  w.  from  Charleston,  the  land  is  800  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea.  From  this  the  country  rises  gradually  to  the  mountainous  region  to  the  w.,  where  the 
great  Alleghany  range  passes  through  the  state,  in  several  ridges,  some  of  which  have  high  peaks. 
Table  mountain,  one  of  the  most  conspicuous  of  these,  is  4,000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
The  staple  productions  of  the  state  are  cotton  and  rice,  great  quantities  of  which  are  exported. 
Rice  was  first  introduced  in  1693,  and  is  raised  only  in  the  low  country,  where  the  land  can 
be  irrigated  by  the  tide,  or  the  overflowing  of  the  rivers.  Indigo  was  formerly  produced  in  large 
quantities,  but  it  has  given  place  to  the  more  profitable  crop  of  cotton.  The  sea-island  cotton, 
produced  in  the  islands  along  the  shore,  is  of  a  superior  quality,  and  is  in  great  demand. 

In  1840,  there  were  in  this  state  129.9-21  horses  and  mules  ;  572.608  neat  cattle;  832,981  sheep; 
878,532  swine  ;  poultry  to  the  value  of  §396,364.  There  were  produced  96S,354  bushels  of  wheat ; 
3,967 of  barley;  1,486,203  of  oais  ;  44.73$  of  rye:  14,722.805  of  Indian  corn;  299,170  pounds  of 
wool;  15,S57ofwax;  2,698,313  bushels  of  potatoes  ;  24,618  tons  of  hay  ;  51,519  pounds  of  tobacco; 
60,590,860  of  rice ;  61,710,274  of  cotton ;  2,030  of  silk  cocoons ;  30,000  of  sugar.  The  products  of 
the  dairy  were  valued  at  $577,310 ;  of  the  orchard,  $52,275 ;  of  lumber,  $537,684. 

The  minerals  in  this  state  are  gold,  iron,  various  ochres,  marble,  limestone,  and  some  lead, 
potter's  clay,  fuller's  earth,  and  other  useful  fossils. 

Charleston,  at  the  confluence  of  Ashley  and  Cooper  rivers,  is  much  the  largest  and  most  com- 
mercial place  in  the  state  ;  but  its  harbor  is  obstructed,  at  the  entrance,  by  a  dangerous  sand  bar. 
Georgetown,  at  the  head  of  Winyaw  bay,  13  miles  from  the  ocean,  will  only  admit  small  vessels. 
Beaufort,  on  the  island  of  Port  Royal,  has  much  the  best  harbor  in  the  state,  but  is  not  a  place  of 
much  trade.     Besides  these,  Columbia,  the  capital,  and  Georgetown,  are  flourishing  places. 

The  great  Pedee  river,  450  miles  long,  rises  in  N,  Carolina,  and  runs  through  the  eastern  part  of 
the  state.  It  is  navigable,  for  sloops,  130  miles.  The  Santee,  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Wate- 
ree  and  the  Congaree,  rises  in  North  Carolina,  and  has  a  sloop  navigation  for  about  130  miles. 
The  Saluda  is  a  branch  of  the  Congaree.  The  Edisto  is  navigable  for  large  boats  100  miles.  The 
Savannah  washes  the  whole  s.  w.  border  of  the  state,  and  is  a  noble  stream.  There  are  several 
smaller  rivers,  among  which  are  Cooper,  Ashley,  and  Combahee. 

The  most  important  literary  institution  in  this  state  is  the  College  of  South  Carolina,  at  Colum- 
bia, founded  in  1804.  There  is  a  theological  seminary  connected  with  the  institution.  It  had  in 
1840,  163  students.  Charleston  College  was  founded  in  1785,  and  has  about  65  students.  There 
were  in  this  state  in  1840,  117  academies,  or  grammar  schools,  with  4,326  students  :  and  566  com- 
mon and  primary  schools.  There  were  20,615  free  white  persons,  over  20  years  of  age,  who  could 
neither  read  nor  write. 

The  Methodists,  Baptists,  and  Presbyterians  are  the  most  numerous  religious  denominations. 
At  the  commencement  of  1836,  the  Methodists  had  37,503  communicants.  The  Baptists  had  314 
churches,  226  ministers,  and  36,276  communicants.  The  Presbyterians  had  90  churches,  70  minis- 
ters. The  Episcopalians  had  50  churches,  1  bishop,  and  43  ministers.  The  Lutherans  had,  in  1840, 
24  ministers,  34  congregations,  and  1,667  communicants.  There  are  a  few  congregations  of  Ro- 
man Catholics,  Unitarians,  Friends,  Universalists,  and  Jews. 

At  the  commencement  of  1840  there  were  14  banks  and  branches  in  this  state,  with  an  aggregate 
capital  of  $11,534,355,  and  a  circulation  of  $4,439,404.  The  state  debt  at  the  close  of  1840, 
amounted  to  $3,764,734. 

The  exports  of  this  state  in  1840,  were  $10,036,769;  and  the  imports  were  $2,058,870.  There 
were  41  commercial  and  41  commission  houses  engaged  in  foreign  trade,  with  a  cap.  of  $3,668,050 ; 
1,253  retail  drygoods  and  other  stores,  with  a  capital  of  $6,648,736 ;  1,057  persons  employed  in  the 
lumber  trade,  with  a  capital  of  $100,000;  125  persons  employed  in  internal  transportation,  who, 
with  46  butchers,  packers,  &c,  employed  a  capital  of  $112,900  ;  53  persons  employed  in  the  fishe- 
ries, with  a  capital  of  $1,617. 

The  amount  of  home-made  or  family  manufactures  was  $930,703 ;  there  were  3  woollen  manu- 
factories, employing  6  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $1,000,  with  a  capital  of  $4,300 ; 
15  cotton  manufactories,  with  16.355  spindles,  employing  570  persons,  producing  articles  to  the 
amount  of  $359,000,  employing  a  capital  of  $617,450;  4  furnaces,  producing  1,250  tons  of  cast  iron, 
and  9  forges  producing  1,165  tons  of  bar  iron,  employing  248  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $113,300  ;  5 
smelting  houses,  employing  69  persons,  producing  gold  to  the  amount  of  $37,413,  with  a  capital  of 
$40,000 ;  1  paper  manufactory,  employing  30  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $.20,800, 
with  a  capital  of  $30,000 ;  20  persons  produced  hats  and  caps  to  the  amount  of  $3,750 ;  97  tanneries, 
employing  281  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $212,020 ;  243  other  leather  manufactories,  as  saddleries, 


SOU 023 SOU 

&c,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $109,472,  employing  a  capital  of  $45,662  ;  8  potteries,  em- 
ploying 49  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $19,300,  with  a  capital  of  $12,950;  127 
persons  produced  machinery  B0  tlic  amount  of  $65,561  j  96  pertoni  produced  hardware  and  cutlery 
to  the  amount  of  $13,465;  420  persons  produced  carriages  and  wagons  to  the  amount  of  $189,270, 
with  a  capital  of  $132,690;  161  flooring  mills  produced  53,458  barrels  of  Hour,  wMch  with  other 
nulls  employed  2,122  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $1,201,678,  and  employing  a  cap- 
ital of  $1,668,804;  1,281  persons  manufactured  bricks  and  lime  to  the  amount  of  $193, ins,  with  a 
capital  of  $72,115  ;  168  persons  manufactured  586,327  pounds  of  soap,  and  68,011  pounds  of  tallow 
candles  ;  251  distilleries  produced  102,288  gallons,  employing  219  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $1-1.312  ; 
ships  and  vessels  were  constructed  to  the  amount  of  $60,000  ;  241  persons  manufactured  furniture 
to  the  amount  of  $28,155,  with  a  capital  of  $133,600;  111  brick  or  stone  houses,  and  1,594  wooden 
houses  were  erected,  employing  2,398  persons,  at  a  cost  of  $1,527,576  ;  16  printing  offices,  and  7 
binderies,  3  daily,  12  weekly,  and  2  semi-weekly  newspapers,  and  4  periodicals,  employed  164 
persons,  and  a  capital  of  $131,300.  The  amount  of  capital  employed  in  manufac.  was  $3,216,970. 
The  first  constitution  of  South  Carolina  was  formed  in  1775  ;  the  present  constitution  was  adopted 
in  1790.  The  governor  is  elected  for  2  years  by  a  joint  vote  of  both  houses  of  the  assembly.  After 
having  served  one  term,  he  is  ineligible  for  the  next  4  years.  A  lieutenant-governor  is  chosen  in 
the  same  manner  and  for  the  same  period.  The  senate  consists  of  45  members,  elected  by  districts 
for  4  years.  The  house  of  representatives  consists  of  124  members,  apportioned  among  the  several 
districts,  according  to  the  number  of  white  inhabitants,  and  taxation ;  and  are  elected  for  2  years. 
The  representatives  and  one  half  the  senators  are  chosen  every  second  year,  in  October.  The 
legislature  meets  annually  in  Columbia,  on  the  fourth  Monday  of  November.  The  chancellor  and 
judges  of  the  supreme  court  are  chosen  by  the  joint  ballot  of  both  houses  of  the  assembly,  and 
hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior.  Every  free  white  male  citizen  of  21  years  of  age,  who 
has  resided  in  the  state  2  years  immediately  preceding  the  election,  and  having  been  possessed  of 
a  freehold  of  50  acres  of  land,  or'a  town  lot,  6  months  before  the  election;  or  not  possessing  this 
freehold,  who  shall  have  resided  in  the  election  district  in  which  he  offers  to  vote,  6  months  before 
the  election,  and  have  paid  a  tax  of  3  shillings  sterling  to  the  support  of  the  government,  possesses 
the  right  of  suffrage. 

South  Carolina  has  some  important  works  of  internal  improvement.  The  Santee  canal  extends  22 
miles  from  Charleston  harbor  to  the  Santee  river,  and  was  finished  in  1802,  at  a  cost  of  $650,667. 
Through  this  canal  and  the  improvement  of  the  Santee  and  Congaree  rivers,  a  boatable  communi- 
cation has  been  opened  from  Charleston  to  Columbia.  Winyaw  canal  extends  7i  miles  from 
Winyaw  bay  to  Kinlock  creek,  a  branch  of  the  Santee  river. 

The  navigation  of  the  Catawba  river  has  been  improved  by  5  short  canals,  with  an  aggregate 
length  of  about  Hi  miles.  Saluda  canal  extends  from  the  head  of  Saluda  Shoals  to  Granby  Ferry, 
6i  miles.  Besides  these,  there  are  three  other  short  canals  to  avoid  obstructions  of  falls  or  shoals 
in  rivers. 

The  South  Carolina  railroad  commences  at  Charleston  and  extends  135*  miles  to  Hamburg. 
This  road  was  commenced  in  1830  and  completed  in  1834,  at  a  cost  of  $1,750,000.  It  has  since 
been  sold  to  the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  and  Charleston  Railroad  Company  for  $2,400,000,  paid  for 
in  the  stock  of  the  latter  company.  The  entire  length  of  this  road  from  Charleston  to  Cincinnati 
will  be  718  miles.  The  Branchville  and  Columbia  railroad  extends  from  Branchville,  on  the  South 
Carolina  railroad,  66  miles  to  Columbia.  This  is  to  form  a  part  of  the  Charleston,  Louisville,  and 
Cincinnati  railroad. 

The  first  settlement  of  this  state  was  made  under  Governor  Sayle,  at  Port  Royal,  in  1670.  The 
next  year  they  settled  Charleston  above  its  present  site,  but  9  years  after  they  abandoned  that  set- 
tlement and  began  to  build  Charleston  where  it  now  stands.  In  1682  the  province  was  divided 
into  3  counties.  A  colony  of  French  refugees,  in  1690,  exiled  by  the  revocation  of  the  edict  of 
Nantz,  settled  in  Carolina ;  and  from  them  many  of  its  respectable  inhabitants  are  descended. 
The  Church  of  England  was  established  by  law,  in  1703.  The  colonists  throughout  the  Carolinas 
threw  off  the  proprietary  government  in  1719,  and  established  one  for  themselves.  The  next  year 
the  privy  council  sanctioned  the  proceeding,  and  in  1729,  the  parliament  purchased  the  country 
of  the  proprietors,  as  mentioned  in  the  account  of  North  Carolina.  The  country  was  then  divided 
and  this  portion  received  its  present  name  of  South  Carolina.  At  different  times  colonies  of  Swiss, 
of  Germans,  and  of  Irish  have  settled  in  this  state.  In  1752,  1,600  foreign  protestants  arrived  in 
Carolina.  This  state  early  suffered  much  from  wars  with  the  Indians.  This  state  was  early  in  its 
resistance  of  the  aggressions  of  the  mother  country,  and  bore  its  part  in  the  revolutionary  war. 
The  British  troops  occupied  Charleston,  and  a  considerable  part  of  the  state  in  1780.  Several 
battles  were  fought  here  during  that  and  the  succeeding  year,  the  most  important  of  which  was 
that  of  the  Eutaw  Springs,  in  1781,  which  in  effect  terminated  the  war  in  this  state.  In  conven- 
tion, May  23d,  1788,  this  state  adopted  the  constitution  of  the  United  States  :  yeas  149,  nays  73— 
majority  76. 


sou 


624 


SOU 


South  Cass,  p-o.,  Cass  t.,  Ionia  co.,  Mich.,  138 
w.  N.  w.  Detroit,  603  W. 

South  Charleston,  p-v.,  Madison  t.,  Clarke 
co.,  O.,  12  s.  e.  Springfield,  55  w.  Columbus,  445 
W.     It  contains  6  stores. 

South  Chesterville,  p-o.,  Chesterville  t., 
Franklin  co.,  Me.,  22  n.  w.  Augusta,  612  W. 

South  Chili,  p-o.,  Chili  t.,  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y., 
234  w.  by  n.  Albany,  375  W. 

South  China,  p-o.,  China  t.,  Kennebec  co., 
Me.,  14  n.  e.  Augusta,  609  W. 

South  Columbia,  p-o.,  Columbia  t.,  Herkimer 
co.,  N.  Y.,  72  n.  by  w.  Albany,  376  W. 

South  Corinth,  p-o.,  Corinth  t.,  Saratoga  co., 
N.  Y.,  47  N.  w.  Albany,  417  W. 

South  Cortland,  p-o.,  Cortlandville  t,  Cort- 
land co.,  N.  Y.,  151  w.  by  s.  Albany,  313  W. 

South  Coventry,  p-o.,  Coventry  t,  Tolland 
co.,  Ct.,  22  N.  E.  Hartford,  353  W. 

South  Creek,  p-t.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  163  n. 
Harrisburg,  270  W.  It  has  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $4,600.    5  sch.  175  scholars.     Pop.  434. 

South  Danby,  p-o.,  Danby  t.,  Tompkins  co., 
N.  Y.,  171  w.  Albany,  292  W. 

South  Dansville,  p-o.,  Dansville  t.,  Steuben 
co.,  N.  Y. 

South  Dartmouth,  p-o.,  Dartmouth  t.,  Bris- 
tol co.,  Mass.,  62  s.  Boston,  433  W. 

South  Deerfield,  p-v.,  Deerfield  t.,  Rock- 
ingham co.,  N.  H.,  18  e.  s.  e.  Concord,  472  W. 

South  Deerfield,  p-v.,  Deerfield  t.,  Frank- 
lin co.,  Mass.,  91  w.  by  n.  Boston,  394  W.  It  con- 
tains a  Congregational  church. 

South  Deer  Isle,  p-o.,  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  97 
E.  by  s.  Augusta,  693  W. 

South  Dennis,  p-o.,  Dennis  t.,  Barnstable  co., 
Mass.,  84  s.  E.  Boston,  485  W. 

South  Dickinson,  p-o.,  Dickinson  t.,  Franklin 
co.,  N.  Y. 

South  Dover,  p-o.,  Dover  t.,  Piscataquis  co., 
Me.,  83  n.  N.  e.  Augusta,  635  W. 

South  Dover,  p-o.,  Dover  t.,  Dutchess  co.,  N. 
Y.,  80  s.  Albany,  307  W. 

South  Durham,  p-o.,  Durham  t.,  Cumberland 
co.,  Me.,  28  s.  w.  Augusta,  567  W. 

South  Durham,  p-o.,  Durham  t.,  Greene  co., 
N.  Y.,  50  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  352  W. 

Southeast,  p-t.,  Putnam  co.,  N.  Y.,  107  s.  Al- 
bany, 291  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  fertile. 
Drained  by  Croton  r.  It  has  8  stores,  capital 
$16,500  ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  paper  fac,  6 
grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $32,325. 
13  sch.  543  scholars.     Pop.  1,910. 

Southeast,  t.,  Orange  co.,  la.  It  has  4  sch. 
105  scholars.     Pop.  1,247. 

South  Easton,  p-o.,  Easton  t.,  Washington 
co.,  N.  Y.,  30  Albany,  400  W. 

South  Easton,  b.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa.  Sit- 
uated on  the  s.  bank  of  the  Lehigh  r.,  opposite  to 
Easton.  Here  is  a  good  water  power,  derived 
from  the  waste  water  of  the  Lehigh  canal.  It 
has  5  stores,  cap.  $18,000 ;  2  furnaces,  1  forge,  1 
flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $71,100.    2  sch.  71  scholars.    Pop.  661. 

South  Edmeston,  p-o.,  Edmeston  t,  Otsego 
co.,  N.  Y.,  93  w.  Albany,  351  W. 

South  Edwards,  p-o.,  Edwards  t.,  St.  Law- 
rence co.,  N.  Y.,  191  N.  w.  Albany,  460  W. 

South  Egremont,  p-v.,  Egremont  t.,  Berk- 
shire co.,  Mass. 

South  Farms,  p-v.,  Litchfield  t.,  Litchfield  co., 
Ct.,  40  w.  Hartford,  318  W.  It  contains  1  Con- 
gregational church,  an  academy,  1  store,  and  a 
number  of  dwellings. 

Southfield,  t.,  Richmond  co.,  N.  Y.,  2  e. 
Richmond  v.,  155  s.  Albany.  Situated  on  Staten 
Island.    The  surface  is  hilly  on  the  n.,  level  on 


the  s.,  with  extensive  tracts  or  marsh  or  salt 
meadow.  The  Narrows  and  Lower  bay  of  New 
York  bound  it  on  the  s.  e.  It  has  excellent  shad 
fisheries.  It  contains  Fort  Tompkins  and  Fort 
Richmond  on  its  e.  border.  It  has  7  stores,  cap. 
$4,020  ;  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  1 
flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.     Pop.  1,619. 

Southfield,  p-t.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  17  n. 
Detroit,  540  W.  Watered  by  the  n.  branch  of 
Rouge  r.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $6,800 ;  1  grist  m., 
3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,020.  9  sch.  325 
scholars.     Pop.  1,061. 

Southford,  p-v.,  New  Haven  co.,  Ct. 

South  Fork,  t.,  Izard  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $1,200;  2  distilleries,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,935.  1  sch.  22  scholars. 
Pop.  337. 

South  Florence,  v.,  Franklin  co.,  Ala.  Sit- 
uated on  the  s.  side  of  Tennessee  r.,  nearly  op- 
posite to  Florence. 

South  Foster,  p-o.,  Foster  t.,  Providence  co., 
R.  I.,  16  w.  by  s.  Providence,  386  W. 

South  Framingham,  p-o.,  Framingham  t., 
Middlesex  co.,  Mass. 

South  Freedom,  p-o.,  Freedom  t.,  Waldo  co., 
Me.,  28  e.  Augusta,  623  W. 

South  Franklin,  p-o.,  Franklin  t.,  Delaware 
co.,  N.  Y. 

South  Gardiner,  p-o.,  Gardiner  t.,  Worces- 
ter co.,  Mass.,  56  n.  w.  by  w.  Boston,  416  W. 

South  Gibson,  p-o.,  Gibson  co.,  Tenn.,  145  w. 
Nashville,  828  W. 

South  Granville,  p-o.,  Granville  t.,  Wash- 
ington co.,  N.  Y. 

South  Glastonbury,  p-v.,  Glastonbury  t., 
Hartford  co.,  Ct.,  9  s.  Hartford,  335  W.  Situated 
on  e.  side  of  Connecticut  river. 

South  Hadley,  p-t.,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  88 
w.  Boston,  377  W.  The  soil  is  light,  warm,  and 
productive.  Watered  by  Muddy  r.  Bounded 
w.  by  Connecticut  r.,  which  here  has  a  fall  of  50 
feet  in  about  80  rods.  Here  the  first  canal  on 
Connecticut  r.  was  constructed,  around  these 
falls,  and  is  2  ms.  long,  has  5  locks,  and,  for  a  dis- 
tance of  300  feet,  is  cut,  40  feet  deep,  through 
solid  rock.  The  falls  here  afford  a  great  water 
power,  much  of  which  is  yet.  unimproved.  A 
dam  1,100  feet  long  is  thrown  across  Connecticut 
r.  Mount  Holyoke  is  in  the  n.  part  of  the  t.  The 
village  contains  a  Congregational  church,  and 
Mount  Holyoke  Female  Seminary.  In  the 
s.  part  of  the  t.  is  a  manufacturing  village  at 
the  termination  of  the  canal,  which  contains 
1  Congregational  and  1  Methodist  church. 
There  are  in  the  t.  8  stores,  cap.  $22,000  ;  2  full- 
ing m.,  2  woollen  fac,  3  tanneries,  3  paper  fac,  1 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $125,225; 
1  acad.  119  students,  6  sch.  376  scholars.  Pop. 
1,453. 

South  Hadley  Canal,  p-v.,  South  Hadley 
t.,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  92  w.  Boston,  372  W. 
Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Connecticut  r.,  and 
contains  2  churches — 1  Congregational  and  1 
Methodist — and  several  manufactories. 

South  Halifax,  p-o.,  Halifax  t.,  Windham  co., 
Vt.,  140  s.  Montpelier,  416  W. 

South  Hammond,  p-o.,  Hammond  t.,  St.  Law- 
rence co.,  N.  Y. 

South  Hanover,  p-v.,  Jefferson  co.,  la.,  93  s. 
e.  Indianapolis,  565  W. 

South  Hardwick,  p  o.,  Hardwick  t.,  Caledo- 
nia co.,  Vt.,  22  n.  n.  e.  Montpelier,  533  W. 

South  Harpeth,  p-o..  Davidson  co.,  Tenn., 
17  s.  Nashville,  701  W. 

South  Hartford,  p-o.,  Hartford  t.,  Oxford 
co.,  Me.,  27  w.  Augusta,  593  W. 

South  Hartford,  p-v.,  Hartford  t,  Washing- 


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625 


SOU 


ton  co.,  N.  Y.,  55  n.  n.  e.  Albany,  425  W.  It 
contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Universalist 
church,  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  tannery,  and  about 
20  dwellings. 

South  Harwich,  p-v.,  Harwich  t.,  Barnsta- 
ble co.,  Mass.,  91  s.  w.  Boston,  492  W. 

South  Haven,  t.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.  It 
has  1  tannery,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$2,700.     1  sch.  13  scholars.     Pop.  99. 

South  Hawley,  p-v.,  Hawlcy  t.,  Franklin  co., 
Mass.,  Ill  w.  by  N.  Boston,  408  W. 

South  Hero,  p-t.,  Grand  Isle  co.,  Vt.,  58  N. 
w.  Montpelier,  531  W.  It  constitutes  the  south 
half  of  the  largest  island  in  Lake  Champlain. 
The  surface  rises  gently  from  the  level  of  the 
lake ;  soil,  loam,  sand,  clay,  and  marl,  of  which 
the  latter  predominates,  and  very  fertile.  A  ferry 
connects  this  t.  with  Colchester  point;  and  a 
sand  bar  connects  it  with  Milton,  Chittenden 
co.,  which  is  fordable  when  the  water  of  the  lake 
is  not  high,  though  the  water  comes  up  to  the 
sides  of  a  horse.  It  contains  a  Congregational 
and  a  Methodist  church.  Limestone  is  found. 
It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,500;  1  tannery.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $940.  26  schools  1,601  scholars.  Pop. 
664. 

South  Hill,  p-v.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  150  n.  by 
E.  Harrisburg,  260  W. 

South  Hill,  p-o.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va.,  93  s. 
w.  Richmond,  299  W. 

South  Hingham,  p-v.,  Hingham  t.,  Plymouth 
co.,  Mass.,  18  s.  e.  Boston,  452  W. 

South  Huntingdon,  t.,  Westmoreland  co., 
Pa.  It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $35,859 ;  1  fulling  m.,  3 
tanneries,  7  distilleries,  1  pottery,  7  flouring  m., 
15  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $50,691.  1  school 
117  scholars.     Pop.  2,793. 

Southington,  p-t.,  Hartford  co.,  Ct.,  18  s.  w. 
Hartford,  321  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil, 
fertile.  Watered  by  Quinnipiack  r.,  which  af- 
fords water  power.  The  Farmington  canal 
passes  through  it.  Incorporated  in  1779.  The 
v.  contains  1  Congregational,  1  Episcopal,  and  1 
Baptist  church,  and  an  academy.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $15,700;  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $92,700.  9  sch.  427  scholars. 
Pop.  1,887. 

Southington,  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  170  n. 
e.  Columbus,  313  W.    Pop.  889. 

South  Jackson,  p-v.,  Jackson  t.  and  co.,  Mich., 
76  w.  Detroit,  544  W. 

South  Jefferson,  p-v.,  Jefferson  t.,  Lincoln 
co.,  Me.,  22  e.  s.  e.  Augusta,  602  W. 

South  Kent,  p-v.,  Kent  t.,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct., 
55  w.  Hartford,  320  W. 

South  Killingly,  p-v.,  Killingly  t.,  Wind- 
ham co.,  Ct.,  51  E.  Hartford,  378  W. 

South  Kingston,  t.,  capital  of  Washington 
co.,  R.  I.,  30  s.  w.  Providence.  The  surface  is 
uneven ;  soil,  gravelly  loam,  well  adapted  to 
grain  and  to  grazing.  It  has  the  Atlantic  on  the 
s.,  and  Narraganset  bay  on  the  e.  It  includes 
Point  Judith,  and  is  the  largest  t.  in  the  state.  It 
has  1  large  salt  pond,  and  20  fresh  water  ponds, 
one  of  which  contains  3  or  4,000  acres.  Its  fish- 
eries are  valuable,  and  many  of  its  inhabitants 
are  employed  in  navigation.  Near  the  centre  is 
a  v.,  called  North  Kingston,  which  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  a  Congregational  church,  a 
bank,  and  about  39  dwellings.  Another  v.  in  its 
s.  E.  part  contains  an  Episcopal  church.  There 
are  in  the  t.  besides,  3  churches— 2  Friends  and 
1  Baptist.  First  settled  in  1670.  The  Stoning- 
ton  and  Providence  railroad  passes  through  it. 
There  are  in  the  t.  27  stores,  cap.  $9,300  ;  11  full- 
ing m.,  10  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  1,000  sp., 
5  tanneries,  1  printing  office,  8  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
79 


Cap.  in  manufac.  $316,500.  1  acad.  3J  students, 
18  sdi.  465  scholar..     Top.  3,717. 

South  Kirtland,  p-o.,  Kirtland  t.,  Lake  co., 
O.,  163  n.  n.  e.  Columbus,  319  W. 

South  Kortright,  p-o.,  Kortright  t.,  Dela- 
ware co.,  N.  Y.,  69  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  349  W. 

South  Lansing,  p-o.,  Lansing  t.,  Tompkins 
co.,  N.  Y.,  170  w.  by  s.  Albany,  303  W. 

South  Lee,  p-v.,  Lee  t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass., 
131  w.  Boston,  365  W. 

South  Leeds,  p-o.,  Leeds  t.,  Kennebec  co., 
Me.,  23  w.  s.  w.  Augusta,  587  W. 

South  Le  Roy,  p-o.,  Le  Roy  t.,  Genesee  co., 
N.  Y.,  242  w.  by  n.  Albany,  364  W. 

South  Levant,  p-o.,  Levant  t.,  Penobscot  co., 
Me.,  78  n.  e.  Augusta,  673  W. 

South  Lincoln,  p-v.,  Lincoln  t.,  Penobscot 
co.,  Me.,  Ill  n.  e.  Augusta,  706  W. 

South  Livonia,  p-o.,  Livonia  t.,  Livingston 
co.,  N.  Y.,  22  w.  Albany,  349  W. 

South  Lodi,  p-o.,  Lodi  t.,  Seneca  co.,  N.  Y., 
188  w.  Albany,  319  W. 

South  Lyme,  p-v.,  Lyme  t.,  New  London  co., 
Ct.,  50  s.  Hartford,  343  W. 

South  Lyndeborough,  p-o.,  Hillsboro'  co., 
N.  H.,  41  s.  s.  w.  Concord,  459  W. 

South  Marcellus,  p-o.,  Marcellus  t.,  Onon- 
daga co.,  N.  Y.,  144  w.  by  n.  Albany,  310  W. 

South  Marlow,  p-o.,  Marlow  t.,  Cheshire  co., 
N.  H.,  52  w.  by  s.  Concord,  456  W. 

South  Mendon,  p-o.,  Mendon  t.,  Worcester 
co.,  Mass.,  37  s.  w.  Boston,  410  W. 

South  Middleboro'  p-o.,  Middleboro'  t., 
Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  46  s.  by  e.  Boston,  439  W. 

South  Middletown,  p-v.,  Wallkill  t.,  Or- 
ange co.,  N.  Y.,  112  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  285  W.  It 
contains  3  churches — 1  Congregational,  1  Meth- 
odist, 1  Presbyterian — 1  bank,  15  stores,  1  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  iron  foundry,  and  800  inhabitants. 

South  Middletown,  t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa. 
The  surface  is  various;  soil,  calcareous  loam. 
Drained  by  Yellow  Breeches  cr.,  and  its  tribu- 
tary, Mountain  cr.  Letart  spring,  on  its  n.  bor- 
der, gives  motion  to  2  mills.  South  Mountain 
crosses  its  s.  part.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $5,900 ; 
1  furnace,  1  forge,  1  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  1 
distillery,  1  paper  fac,  4  flouring  m.,  7  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,170.  1  school  60  scholars. 
Pop.  2,055. 

South  Milford,  p-o.,  Milford  t.,  Worcester 
co.,  Mass.,  35  s.  w.  by  w.  Boston,  411  W. 

South  Mills,  p-o.,  Camden  co.,  N.  C,  232  e. 
n.  e.  Raleigh,  266  W. 

South  Nankin,  p-o.,  Nankin  t.,  Wayne  co., 
Mich.,  15  s.  w.  Detroit,  532  W. 

South  Natick,  p-v.,  Natick  t.,  Middlesex  co., 
Mass.,  15  w.  s.  w.  Boston,  424  W. 

South  New  Berlin,  p-v.,  New  Berlin  t.,  Che- 
nango co.,  N.  Y.,  106  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  339  W. 

South  Newburg,  p-o.,  Newburg  t.,  Penobscot 
co.,  Me.,  51  n.  E.  Augusta,  649  W. 

South  Newburg,  p-o.,  Newburg  t.,  Orange 
co.,  Vu 

South  Newcastle,  p-o.,  Ohio  t.,  Gallia  co., 
O.,  121s.  s.  E.Columbus,  379  W.  It  is  pleasantly 
situated  on  the  n.  bank  of  Ohio  r.,  and  contains 
3  stores,  a  furnace,  forge,  and  rolling  mill.  The 
principal  business  of  the  place  consists  in  the 
mineral  coal  trade. 

South  New  Durham,  p-o.,  Strafford  co.,  N. 
H.,  30  n.  E.  Concord,  32  n.  w.  by  n.  Dover. 

South  New  Market,  p-o.,  New  Market  t., 
Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.,  41  s.  e.  Concord,  484  W. 

South  New  Port,  p-v.,  Mcintosh  co.,  Ga., 
108  s.  e.  Milledgeville,  7.0  W. 

South  Newry,  p-o.,  Newry  t.,  Oxford  co., 
Me.,  63  w.  Augusta,  608  W. 


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South  Norwalk,  p-v.,  Norwalk  t.,  Fairfield 
co.,  Ct. 

South  Norridgewock,  p-o.,  Norridgewock 
t,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  31  n.  Augusta,  626  W. 

Southold,  p-t.,  Suffolk  co.,  N.  Y.,  241  s.  e. 
Albany,  321  W.,  15  E.  Riverhead.  The  surface 
is  generally  level.  It  has  Long  Island  sound  on 
the  n.,  and  Great  Peconic  and  Gardiner's  bays  on 
the  s.  Fisher's,  Gull,  Plum,  and  Robbins'  isl- 
ands, belong  to  it.  The  v.  is  a  scattered  settle- 
ment, and  contains  3  churches — 1  Presbyterian, 
1  Methodist,  and  1  Universalist.  There  are  in 
the  t.  28  stores,  cap.  $50,800 ;  23  sch.  1,071  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  3,907. 

South  Onondaga,  p-o.,  Onondaga  t.  and  co., 
N.  Y.,  138  w.  by  n.  Albany,  341  W. 

South  Orange,  p-o.,  Orange  t,  Franklin  co., 
Mass.,  74  w.  by  n.  Boston,  412  W. 

South  Orleans,  p-o.,  Orleans  t.,  Barnstable 
co.,  Mass.,  97  s.  s.  e.  Boston,  498  W. 

South  Orrington,  p-o.,  Orrington  t.,  Penob- 
scot co.,  Me.,  67  n.  e.  Augusta,  663  W. 

South  Otselic,  p-o.,  Otselic  t.,  Chenango  co., 
N.  Y.,  119  w.  by  s.  Albany,  339  W. 

South  Oxford,  p-o.,  Oxford  t.,  Chenango  co., 
N.  Y.,  115  w.  by  s.  Albany,  322  W. 

South  Owego,  p-o.,  Owego  t.,  Tioga  co.,  N. 
Y.,  169  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  283  W. 

South  Paris,  p-o.,  Paris  t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me., 
42  w.  by  s.  Augusta,  590  W. 

South  Parsonsfield,  p-o.,  Parsonsfield  t., 
York  co.,  Me.,  84  w.  s.  w.  Augusta,  535  W. 

South  Plymouth,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  23 
s.  w.  Detroit,  524  W. 

South  Point,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.  C,  177  w. 
by  s.  Raleigh,  416  W. 

South  Port,  p-v.,  Fairfield  t.,  Fairfield  co., 
Ct.,  60  s.  w.  Hartford,  277  W.  Situated  at  the 
mouth  of  Mill  r.,  at  its  entrance  into  a  small  bay 
of  Long  Island  sound.  It  contains  a  Congrega- 
tional church,  an  academy,  a  bank,  8  stores,  and 
about  70  dwellings.  It  has  a  convenient  harbor 
for  vessels  of  100  tons,  which  is  rarely  frozen. 
It  has  an  extensive  break  water,  constructed  by 
the  government  of  the  U.  S. 

South  Port,  p-t.,  Chemung  co.,  N.  Y.,  4  s. 
Elmira,  197  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  277  W.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly,  with  broad  alluvial  flats  on  Che- 
mung r.,  which  runs  on  its  n.  border.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $2,600 ;  2  fulling  m.,  11  sch.  553 
scholars.     Pop.  2,101. 

South  Port,  p-v.,  Racine  co.,  Wis.,  110  e.  s. 
e.  Madison,  769  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Lake  Michigan.  It  contains  several  stores,  and 
about  500  inhabitants. 

South  Pultney,  p-o.,  Pultney  t.,  Steuben  co, 
N.  Y.,  216  w.  by  s.  Albany,  312W. 

South  Quay,  p-o.,  Southampton  co.,  Va.,  85 
8.  s.  E.  Richmond,  204  W. 

South  Reading,  p-o.,  Reading  t.,  Windsor  co., 
Vt.,  64  s.  Montpelier,  475  W. 

South  Reading,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass., 
11  N.  Boston,  451  W.  Incorporated  from  Read- 
ing in  1812.  The  principal  v.  is  situated  near 
Reading  pond,  and  contains  2  churches,  1  Con- 
gregational, before  which  is  a  green  of  8  or  10 
acres,  and  1  Baptist,  and  an  academy.  There 
are  in  the  t.  10  stores,  cap.  $10,600.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $62,760.  1  acad.  75  students,  7  sch. 
400  scholars.     Pop-  !>517- 

South  River,  p-o.,  Middlesex  co.,  N.  J,,  32  n. 
E.Trenton,  193  W. 

South  Royalton,  p-o.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass. 
South  Royalton,  p-o.,  Royalton  t.,  Niagara 
co.,  N.  Y.,  274  w.  by  n.  Albany,  394  W. 

South  Rutland,  p-o.,  Rutland  t.,  Jefferson 

?o.,  N.  Y.,  156  n.  w.  Albany,  416  W. 


South  St.  George,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  57 
s.  E.  Augusta,  634  W. 

South  Salem,  p-v.,  Lewisboro'  t.,  Westches- 
ter co.,  N.  Y.,  118  s.  Albany,  279  W.  Situated 
on  a  small  branch  of  Croton  r.,  and  contains  a 
church,  and  about  25  dwellings. 

South  Sandwich,  p-v.,  Sandwich  t.,  Barn- 
stable co.,  Mass.,  64  s.  Boston,  465  W. 

South  Sciiodack,  p-o.,   Schodack  t.,  Rens- 

laer  co.,  N.  Y.,  13  s.  by  e.  Albany,  364  W. 

South  Scituate,  p-v.,  Scituate  t.,  Plymouth 
co.,  Mass.,  24  s.  e.  by  s.  Boston,  448  W. 

South  Scituate,  p-o.,  Scituate  t.,  Providence 
co.,  R.  I.,  11  w.  by  s.  Providence,  389  W. 

South  Sebec,  p-o.,  Sebec  t.,  Piscataquis  co., 
Me.,  93  n.  n.  e.  Augusta,  690  W. 

South  Sekonk,  p-v.,  Sekonk  t.,  Bristol  co., 
Mass.,  48  s.  Boston,  406  W. 

South  Shaftsbury,  p-o.,  Shaftsbury  t.,  Ben- 
nington co.,  Vt.,  113  s.  s.  w.  Montpelier,  411  W. 

South  Shenango,  p-t.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  252 
N.  w.  Harrisburg,  302  W.     It  has  1  distillery,  5 

frist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,500. 
'op.  1,324. 

South  Shrewsbury,  p-v.,  Shrewsbury  t., 
Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  37  w.  by  s.  Boston,  492  W. 

South  Sodus,  p-v.,  Sodus  t.,  Wayne  co.,  N. 
Y.,  183  w.  by  n.  Albany,  364  W. 

South  Solon,  p-o.,  Solon  t.,  Somerset  co., 
Me.,  46  n.  by  w.  Augusta,  641  W. 

South  Solon,  p-o.,  Stokes  t.,  Madison  co.,  O., 
56  w.  Columbus,  441  W. 

South  Stephentown,  p-o.,  Stephentown  t., 
Rensselaer  co.,  N.  Y.,  28  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  373  W. 

South  Sterling,  p-o.,  Sterling  t.,  Wayne  co., 
Pa.,  142  n.  E.  Harrisburg,  236  W. 

South  Strafford,  p-o.,  Strafford  t.,  Orange 
co.,  Vt.,  36  s.  s.  e.  Montpelier,  500  W. 

South  Sutton,  p-o.,  Sutton  t.,  Merrimac  co., 
N.  H.,  29  w.  n.  w.  Concord,  476  W. 

South  Tamworth,  p-o.,  Tamworth  t.,  Car- 
roll co.,  N.  H.,  53  n.  by  e.  Concord,  537  W. 

South  Trenton,  p-o.,  Trenton  t.,  Oneida  co., 
N.  Y.,  100  w.  n.  w.Albany,  397  W. 

South  Trenton.  (See  Trenton,  N.  J.) 

South  Tvringham,  p-v.,  Tyringham  t.,  Berk- 
shire co.,  Mass.,  125  w.  Boston,  364  W. 

South  Union,  p-v.,  Logan  co.,  Ky.,  158  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  682  W. 

South  Valley,  p-o.,  Cherry  Valley  t.,  Otse- 
go co.,  N.  Y.,  63  vv.  Albany,  385  W. 

South  Vassalborough,  p-o.,  Vassalborough 
t.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  9  N.  by  e.  Augusta,  604  W 

South  Venice,  p-o.,  Venice  t.,  Cayuga  co., 
N.  Y.,  163  w.  Albany,  321  W. 

South  Vestal,  p-o.,  Vestal  t.,  Broome  co., 
N.Y. 

South  Vinalhaven,  p-o.,  Vinalhaven  t., 
Hancock  co.,  Me.,  90  e.  s.  e.  Augusta,  640  W. 
Situated  on  an  island  in  Penobscot  bay. 

Southville,  p-o.,  Stockholm  t.,  St.  Law- 
rence co.,  N.  Y.,  223  N.  N.  w.  Albany,  507  W. 

Southville,  p-o.,  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  279  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  352  W. 

Southville,  p-v.,  Shelby  co.,  Ky.,  31  w.  n. 
w.  Frankfort,  573  W. 

South  Voluntown,  p-o.,  Voluntown  t.,  Wind- 
ham co.,  Ct.,  61  e.  s.  e.  Hartford,  379  W. 

South  Walden,  p-o.,  Walden  t.,  Caledonia 
co.,  Vt.,  25  n.  n.  E.  Montpelier,  533  W. 

South  Wales,  p-o.,  Wales  t.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y., 
235  w.  Albany,  356  W. 

South  Wallingford,  -p-o.,  Wallingford  t, 
Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  71  s.  by  w.  Montpelier,  452  W. 

South  Walpole,  p-o.,  Walpole  t.,  Norfolk  co., 
Mass.,  20  s.  w.  Boston. 

Southwark,  district  of,  a  suburb  of  the  city 


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of  Philadelphia,  from  which  it  was  separated, 
for  certain  local  purposes,  in  1762,  and  is  U  in. 
long,  and  of  the  same  breadth.  This  ad  was 
confirmed  in  1791,  when  it  was  incorporated,  to 
be  governed  by  15  commissioners,  5  of  whom 
are  elected  annually,  for  the  term  of  3  years. 
It  contains  76!)  acres  of  level  alluvial  ground,  and 
has  nearly  5,l)iK)  dwelling  houses,  many  of  them 
handsome  and  commodious,  but  a  large  proportion 
are  frame  or  brick  buildings  of  two  stories. 
Most  of  the  streets  are  paved  and  lighted,  and 
have  a  watch.  It  is  supplied  with  water  from  the 
Schuylkill  water  works.  The  navy  yard,  seve- 
ral ship  and  boat  yards,  and  a  marine  railway 
are  on  Delaware  r.  A  brick  shot-tower  is  a  lofty 
and  conspicuous  structure.  There  were  in  1840, 
5  commercial  and  commission  houses,  cap. 
$80,01)0;  252  stores,  cap.  $262,109;  9  lumber 
yards,  cap.  $203,000 ;  2  dyeing  and  printing  es- 
tab.,  1  tannery,  7  distilleries,  2  breweries,  2  pot- 
teries, 1  sugar  refinery,  4  rope  fac,  2  printing  of- 
fices, 1  weekly  and  1  semi-weekly  newspaper. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $890,560.  6  acad.  1,059  stu- 
dents, 40  sch.  2,070  scholars.  Pop.  27,548.  (See 
Philadelphia.) 

South  Warren,  p-v.,  Warren  t,  Worcester 
co.,  Mass.,  66  w.  by  s.  Boston,  382  W.  It  con- 
tains a  Unitarian  church. 

South  Warren,  p-o.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  155 
N.  by  E.  Harrisburg,  265  W. 

South  Waterford,  p-o.,  Waterford  t.,  Oxford 
co.,  Me.,  54  w.  by  s.  Augusta,  587  W. 

South  Weare,  p-o.,  Weare  t.,  Hillsboro'  co., 
N.  H.,  17  s.  w.  Concord,  472  W. 

South  Wellfleet,  p-o.,  Wellfleet  t.,  Barn- 
stable co.,  Mass.,  101  s.  E.  Boston,  502  W. 

Southwest,  t.,  Warren  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  full- 
ing m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,300 ;  2 
sch.  25  scholars.     Pop.  201. 

Southwest,  t.,  Orange  co.,  Indiana.  It  has 
3  sch.  80  scholars.     Pop.  998. 

Southwest  Bend,  p-o.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me., 
36  s.  w.  Augusta,  369  W. 

South  Westerloo,  p-v.,  Westerloo  t,,  Al- 
bany co.,  N.  Y.,  27  w.  Albany,  363  Albany. 

South  West  Harbor,  p-v.,  Hancock  co.,  Me., 
114  s.  e.  Augusta,  696  W. 

South  Westfort,  p-v.,  Westport  t.,  Bristol 
co.,  72  s.  Boston.  436  W. 

South  Weymouth,  p-o.,  Weymouth  t.,  Nor- 
folk co.,  Mass.,  15  s.  by  E.  Boston,  443  W. 

South  Whitehall,  p-t.,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  87 
E.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  180  W.  The  surface  is  level ; 
soil,  calcareous  loam,  fertile,  and  well  cultivated. 
Watered  by  Jordan  and  Cedar  creeks.  It  con- 
tains a  Lutheran  church ;  4  stores,  cap.  14,300 ; 
2  tanneries,  5  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $2,400.  11  sch.  535  scholars.  Pop. 
2,290. 

Southwick,  p-t.,  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  10  w. 
s.  w.  Springfield,  103  w.  by  s.  Boston,  359  W. 
The  surface  is  elevated  ;  soil,  fertile,  adapted  to 
grazing.  Watered  by  a  branch  of  Westfield  r. 
The  v.  at  the  centre  has  1  Congregational  and  1 
Baptist  church,  an  academy,  and  about  25  dwell- 
ings. A  portion  of  land,  2  ms.  long  and  2  wide, 
f >rojects  s.  beyond  the  other  portion  of  the  state 
ine,  forming  a  notch  into  Conn.  Since  1800,  this 
tract  has  heen  determined  to  belong  to  Massa- 
chusetts, although  it  was  before  in  dispute.  This 
part  of  the  t.  contains  a  Methodist  Episcopal 
church.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $3,000 ;  2  pow- 
der m.,  2  saw  ra.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,000. 
1  acad.  45  students,  7  sch.  185  scholars.  Pop. 
1,214. 

Southwick,  p-o.,  Wawarsing  t.,  Ulster  co., 
N.  Y.,  93  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  298  W. 


South  Wilbraiiam,  p  o.,  Wilbraham  t., 
Hampden  co.,  Mats.,  8 '-  w.  s.  w  .  Boi 573  W  , 

South  Williamstowv,  p-v.,  Williamstown 
t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  n.">  w.  by  W.  Boston,  889 
W.  It  contains  1  church,  common  to  ( ongre- 
gationalists  and  Baptists,  1  store,  and  several 
dwellings. 

South  Windham,  p-o.,  Windham  t.,  Cumber- 
land co.,  Me.,  60  s.  w.  Augusta,  519  W. 

South  Windsor,  p-o.,  Windsor  t.,  Kennebec 
co.,  Me.,  10  e.  Augusta,  681  W. 

South  Windsor,  p-o.,  Windsor  t.,  Broome  co., 
N.  Y.,  131  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  295  W. 

South  Wolfdorough,  p-v.,  Wolfborough  t., 
Carroll  co.,  N.  IL,  37  n.  e.  Concord,  $18  W. 

South  Woodstock,  p  v.,  Woodstock  t.,  Wind- 
sor co.,  Vt.,  55  s.  Montpelier,  481  W. 

South  Woburn,  p-o.,  Woburn  t.,  Middlesex 
co.,  Mass. 

South  Worcester,  p-v.,  Worcester  t.,  Otsego 
co.,  N.  Y.,  62  w.  Albany,  368  W.  Situated  on 
Charlotte  r.,  and  contains  a  church,  2  stores,  and 
about  125  inhabitants. 

South  Wrentham,  p-o.,  Wrentham  t.,  Nor- 
folk co.,  Mass.,  36  s.  by  w.  Boston,  414  W. 
.    South  Yarmouth,  p-v.,  Yarmouth  t.,  Barnsta- 
ble co.,  Mass.,  82  s.  e.  Boston,  483  W. 

South  Zanesville,  v.,  Muskingum  co.,  O. 
Pop.  72. 

Soward  Town,  p-v.,  Kent  co.,  Del.,  27  s.  Do- 
ver, 112  W. 

Soxville,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  131  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  22  3  W. 

Sfadra,  t.,  Johnson  co.,  Ark.  It  has  3  sch.  68 
scholars.     Pop.  1,451. 

Sfafford,  p-t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N.  Y.,  18  w.  Sy- 
racuse, 151  w.  by  n.  Albany,  334  W.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly ;  soil,  various.  It  has  Skeneateles 
lake  on  the  w.  and  Olisco  lake  on  the  e.  It  has 
5  stores,  cap.  $23,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries, 

2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $28,110. 
10  sch.  700  scholars.    Pop.  1,873. 

Sfafford  Hollow,  p-o.,  Spaffbrd  t.,  Onon- 
daga co.,  N.  Y.,  137  w.  by  n.  Albany,  331  W. 

Spark's,  p-o.,  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  39  e.  Nash- 
ville, 653  W. 

Sparta,  p-t.,  Livingston  co.,  N.  Y.,  241  w.  Al- 
bany, 336  W.  The  surface  is,  in  part,  uneven ; 
soil,  clay  loam  on  the  hills,  and  sandy  alluvion 
in  the  valleys,  and  moderately  fertile.  Drained 
by  Canaseraga  cr.  Dansville  branch  of  Genesee 
Valley  canal  passes  through  the  t.  It  has  25 
stores,  cap.  $37,265  ;  4  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
4  furnaces,  4  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  brewery,  4 
paper  fac,  1  printing  office,  7  grist  m.,  16  saw  m., 
1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $152,268.  1  acad.  12 
students,  29  sch.  1,8,19  scholars.    Pop.  5,841. 

Sparta,  p-v.,  Hardi6ton  t.,  Sussex  co.,  N.  J., 
78  n.  Trenton,  246  W.  Situated  near  the  source 
of  Wallkill  r.,  and  contains  a  neat  Presbyterian 
church,  3  stores,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  4  forges, 
and  about  40  dwellings,  many  of  them  handsome. 
Iron  and  zinc  ores  are  found  in  the  neighbor- 
hood. 

Sparta,  p-o.,  Morris  t.,  Washington  co.,  Pa., 
219  w.  Harrisburg,  216  W. 

Sparta,  t.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2 
fulling  m.,  1  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,400. 

3  sch.  60  scholars.    Pop.  632. 

Sparta,  p-v.,  Bloomfield  t.,  Knox  co.,  O.,  46 
N.  e.  Columbus,  391  W. 

Sparta,  p-o.,  Caroline  co.,  Va.,  51  n.  by  E. 
Richmond,  91  W. 

Sparta,  p-v.,  Edgecombe  co.,  N.  C,  84  e.  Ra- 
leigh, 270  W. 

Sparta,  p-v.,  capital  of  Hancock  co.,  Ga.,  23 
N.  E.  Milledgeville,  648  W.    It  contains  a  court 


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628 


SPO 


house,  jail,  1  Methodist  church,  a  female  acade- 
my, 10  stores,  50  dwellings,  and  about  600  in- 
habitants. 

Sparta,  p-v.,  capital  of  Conecuh  co.,  Ala.,  164 
s.  by  E.  Tuscaloosa,  925  W.  Situated  on  Murder 
cr.,  a  branch  of  Conecuh  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  a  U.  S.  land  office,  several  stores,  and 
about  100  inhabitants. 

Sparta,  p-v.,  capital  of  White  co.,  Tenn.,  83 
E.  by  s.  Nashville,  593  W.  Situated  on  a  branch 
of  Caney  fork  of  Cumberland  r.,  and  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  a  church,  and  about  350  inhabi- 
tants. 

Sparta,  t.,  Noble  co.,  la  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$5,000.    Pop.  245. 

Sparta,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  111.,  141  s.  Spring- 
field, 816  W. 

Sparta,  p-v.,  capital  of  Buchanan  co.,  Mo. 
Situated  on  the  head  waters  of  Bee  cr.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  and  a  number  of  dwell- 
ings. It  is  8  ms.  s.  w.  of  Roubedoux  landing,  on 
the  Missouri  r. 

Spartanburg,  district,  S.  C.  Situated  in  the 
N.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,050  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Ennoree,  Tyger,  Fair  Forest,  and 
Pacolet  rivers.  Capital,  Spartanburg.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  20,498,  sheep  11,104, 
swine  31,251 ;  wheat  58,670  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  722,751,  oats  67,615,  potatoes  2,532,  cotton 
1,595,303  pounds  ;  39  stores,  cap.  $98,700  ;  2  fur- 
naces, 3  forges,  4  cotton  fac.  2,207  sp.,  8  tanneries, 
37  distilleries,  2  potteries,  6  flouring  m.,  52  grist 
m.,  41  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $160,030.  5 
acad.  179  students,  17  sch.  375  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  17,924,  slaves  5,687,  free  col'd  58 ;  total, 
23,669. 

Spartanburg,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Spartan- 
burg dist.,  S.  C,  93  N.  w.  Columbia,  471  W.  It 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a  church,  and  about 
359  inhabitants. 

Spartansburg,  p-v.,  Randolph  co.,  la. 

Spartapolis,  p-v.,  Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  142 
N.  w.  Richmond,  120  W. 

Speedsville,  p-v.,  Caroline  t.,  Tompkins  co., 
N.  Y.,  177  w.  by  s.  Albany,  307  W.  Situated  on 
West  Owego  cr.,  and  contains  1  Presbyterian 
church,  2  stores,  1  saw  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  car- 
riage fac,  90  dwellings,  and  about  500  inhabitants. 

Speedwell,  p-o.,  Wythe  co.,  Va.,  269  w.  by 
s.  Richmond,  330  W. 

Speedwell,  p-v.,  Barnwell  dist.,  S.  C,  114  s. 
s.  w.  Columbia,  610  W.  Situated  on  e.  side  of 
Savannah  r. 

Speedwell,  p-v.,  Claiborne  co.,  Tenn.,  212  e. 
by  n.  Nashville,  508  W. 

Speerville,  p-o.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  83  w.  by 
s.  Harrisburg,  109  W. 

Speight's  Bridge,  p-v.,  Greene  co.,  N.  C,  79 
E.  s.  E.  Raleigh,  239  W.  Situated  on  Mockasin 
cr.     The  v.  contains  about  60  inhabitants. 

Spencer,  county,  Ky.  Situated  a  little  N.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  260  sq.  miles. 
Drained  by  the  e.  fork  of  Salt  r.  and  its  branches. 
Capital,  Taylorsville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  5,913,  sheep  8,495,  swine  23,49? ;  wheat 
70,786  bush,  produced,  rye  14,083,  Indian  corn 
324,765,  oats  71,722,  potatoes  3,993,  tobacco  42,200 
pounds ;  14  stores,  cap.  $46,610 ;  1  tannery,  21 
distilleries,  16  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $20,090.  2  acad.  118  students,  9  sch.  275 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,650,  slaves  1,911,  free 
col'd  20 ;  total,  6,531. 

Spencer,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  400  sq.  ms.  Ohio  river 
bounds  it  on  the  s.  Drained  by  Anderson's, 
Little  Pigeon,  Crooked,  Big,  and  Sandy  creeks. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level ;  soil,  productive. 


Capital,  Rockport.  There  were  in  1840.  neat 
cattle  5,673,  sheep  5,713,  swine  17,942;  wheat 
18,338  bush,  produced,  Indian  corn  53,542,  oals 
17,719,  potatoes  12,71i6,  tobacco  96,407  pounds, 
sugar  2,706  ;  15  stores,  cap.  $43,160 ;  4  tanneries, 
1  pottery,  12  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  1  printing  office, 

1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,365. 
19  sch.  300  scholars.     Pop.  6,305. 

Spencer,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  53  w. 
Boston,  395  W.  Incorporated  from  Leicester  in 
1753.  The  surface  is  elevated,  being  950  feet 
above  tidewater  at  Boston  harbor,  and  is  uneven 
and  rough  ;  soil,  fertile.  Watered  by  Seven  Mile 
r.,  and  other  small  streams,  branches  of  Chicapee 
r.  It  contains  3  churches — 1  Congregational,  1 
Baptist,  and  1  Universalist.  The  v.  near  the 
centre  contains  2  churches,  and  about  40  dwell- 
ings. There  are  in  the  t.  5  stores,  cap.  $9,200  ;  6 
grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  1 1  sch.  528  scholars.  Pop.  1,604. 

Spencer,  p-t.,  Tioga  co.,  N.  Y.,  15  w.  Owego, 
179  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  280  W.  The  surface  is 
hilly  ;  soil,  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  Catto- 
tong  creek  and  its  branches.  The  v.  contains  1 
Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist  church,  5  stores,  1 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  tannery,  60  dwellings,  and 
about  400  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  7 
stores,  cap.  $33,650 ;  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  20 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,034.  429  scholars 
in  schools.     Pop.  1,532. 

Spencer,  p-v.,  Davidson  co.,  N.  C,  191  w. 
Raleigh,  348  W. 

Spencer,  p-t.,  Medina  co.,  O.,  Ill  n.  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 366  W.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  4 
sch.  142  scholars.     Pop.  551. 

Spencer,  t.,  Guernsey  co.,  O.  Situated  on 
the  head  waters  of  Wills  cr.  It  contains  the  v. 
of  Cumberland.     Pop.  1,669. 

Spencer,  p-v.,  capital  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Tenn., 
90  s.  E.  Nashville,  611  W.  It  has  a  court  house, 
and  a  few  dwellings. 

Spencer,  p-v.,  capital  of  Owen  co.,  la.,  58  s. 
w.  Indianapolis,  621  W.  Situated  on  the  N.  w. 
bank  of  n.  fork  of  White  r.,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  2  churches — 1  Baptist  and  1  Method- 
ist— 4  stores,  1  oil  m.,  1  ropewalk,  1  copper  and 
tin  fac,  and  about  375  inhabitants. 

Spencerport,  p-v.,  Ogden  t.,  Monroe  co.,  N. 
Y.,  234  w.  by  n.  Albany,  380  W.  It  is  situated 
on  the  Erie  canal,  and  contains  1  church,  7  stores, 

2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  furnace,  1  carriage  fac,  45 
dwellings,  and  about  300  inhabitants. 

Spencersburg,  p-v.,  Pike  co.,  Mo.,  88  n.  e.  Jef- 
ferson City,  892  W. 

Spencertown,  p-v.,  Austerlitz  t.,  Columbia 
co.,  N.  Y.,  29  s.  s.  E.  Albany,  359  W.  It  con- 
tains 1  Presbyterian  church,  3  stores,  1  grist  m., 
1  plaster  m.,  30  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhab- 
itants. 

Spencerville,  p-v.,  De  Kalb  co.,  la.,  150  n. 
n.  e.  Indianapolis,  544  W. 

Speonk,  p-o.,  Southampton  t.,  Suffolk  co.,  N. 
Y.,  223  s.  s.  e.  Albany,  303  W. 

Sperryville,  p-v.,  Rappahannock  co.,  Va., 
123  n.  n.  w.  Richmond,  80  W. 

Spiceland,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,  la.,  38  e.  n.  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 543  W. 

Spinnerstown,  p-v.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  91  e. 
Harrisburg,  178  W. 

Split  Rock,  p-o.,  Essex  t.  and  co.,  N.  Y.,  133 
N.  Albany,  504  W.  It  derives  its  name  from  the 
noted  split  rock  in  Lake  Champlain,  which  ap- 
pears as  if  cloven  in  sunder  by  some  convulsion 
of  nature. 

Spoon,  river,  III.,  is  made  up  by  the  union  of 
several  forks  in  Coffee  co.,  ana  pursues  a  s.  and 
s.  e.  course,  until  it  enters  Illinois  r.  on  the  w 
side.    It  affords  good  water  power. 


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Spoon  Rivkr,  p-o.,  Fulton  co.,  111.,  159  n.  n. 
w.  Springfield,  837  W. 

Spottkuvillk,  p-v.,  Stafford  co.,  Va.,  76  n. 
Richmond,  G7  W. 

Spottswood,  p-v.,  Amboy  t.,  Middlesex  co., 
N.  J.,  36  n.  k.  Trenton,  908  W.  It  contains  1 
Presbyterian  and  1  Dutch  Reformed  church,  2 
stores,  2  tobacco  fac,  and  about  30  dwellings. 

Spottsylvania,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  408  sq.  miles. 
The  surface  is  uneven.  Rappahannock  r.  runs 
on  its  N.  border.  Drained  by  head  branches  of 
North  Anna  and  Mattapony  rs.  It  contains  the 
city  of  Fredericksburg.  Capital,  Spottsylvania 
C.  H.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,071, 
sheep  7,670,  swine  12,455  ;  wheat  53,450  bushels 
produced,  Ind.  corn  302,889,  oats  101,774,  pota- 
toes 9,787,  tobacco  353,147  pounds,  cotton  4,454  ; 
82  stores,  cap.  $394,961 ;  1  furnace,  1  fulling  m., 
1  woollen  fac,  4  tanneries,  2  flouring  m.,  37  grist 
m.,  15  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  4  semi-weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $153,100.  15acad. 
415  students,  20  sch.  234  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
6,787,  slaves  7,590;  total,  15,161. 

Spottsylvania,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Spott- 
sylvania co.,  Va.,  71  n.  by  w.  Richmond,  63  W. 
Situated  on  Po  r.,  a  branch  of  Mattapony  r.,  and 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and  about  75  inhab- 
itants. 

Spout  Spring,  p-o.,  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  99  w. 
by  s.  Richmond,  185  W. 

Spraker's  Basin,  p-v.,  Root  t.,  Montgomery 
co.,  N.  Y.,  47  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  398  W.  Situated 
on  the  Erie  canal,  and  contains  1  church,  2  stores, 
and  about  20  dwellings. 

Spread  Eagle,  p-v.,  Radnor  t.,  Delaware  co., 
Pa.,  83  e.  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  133  W.  It  contains  1 
store,  and  10  or  12  dwellings. 

Sprigg,  t.,  Adams  co.,  O.  It  contains  the  v. 
of  Manchester.  It  has  9  stores,  cap  $9,790 ;  4 
tanneries,  1  flouring  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $1,200.     4  sch.  103  scholars.     Pop.  1,976. 

Spring,  p-t.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  257  n.  w.  Har- 
risburg, 330  W.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $8,000  ;  1 
fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $17,800.    Pop.  1,616. 

Spring,  t.,  Centre  co.,  Pa.  It  has  4  stores, 
capital  $9,000 ;  1  furnace,  4  forges,  1  brewery,  3 
grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $21,000.  6 
sch.  255  scholars.     Pop.  1,793. 

Spring  Arbor,  p-t.,  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  80  w. 
Detroit,  552  W.  The  v.  is  situated  near  one  of 
the  head  branches  of  Kalamazoo  r.,  on  the  site 
of  an  ancient  Indian  v.  It  contains  a  store,  and 
a  few  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  2  saw  m. 
Capital  in  manufac.  $7,000.  4  sch.  127  scholars. 
Pop.  775. 

Springborough,  p-v.,  Clear  Creek  t.,  Warren 
co.,  O.,  84  s.  w.  Columbus,  470  W.  Situated  on 
the  n.  side  of  Clear  creek,  4  ms.  from  the  Miami 
canal.  It  contains  3  churches— 2  Friends  and  1 
Methodist— -6  stores,  16  mechanic  shops,  1  wool- 
len fac,  2  flouring  m.,  100  dwellings,  and  about 
800  inhabitants.  It  derives  its  name  from  a 
spring,  which  moves  several  mills. 

Spring  Creek,  p-t.,  Warren  co.,  Pa.,  232  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  324  W.  The  surface  is  broken 
and  rocky ;  soil,  gravelly  and  stony,  and  scarcely 
capable  of  cultivation.  Watered  by  Broken 
Straw  cr.  It  has  2  tanneries,  12  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $19,250.    4  sch.  100  scholars.    Pop. 

Spring  Creek,  p-o.,  Greenbrier  co.,  Va.,  226 
w.  by  n.  Richmond,  261  W. 

Spring  Creek,  t.,  Miami  co.,  O.  It  has  2  dis- 
tilleries. Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,000.  7  sch.  333 
scholars.    Pop.  1,444. 


BpftiNQ  Ckkbk,  p-o.,  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  149 
n.  k.  Tuscaloosa,  680  W. 

Spring  Creek,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  Tenn.,  121 
w.  s.  w.  Nashville,  8U6  W. 

Spring  Dale,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  208 
w.  by  n.  Harrisburg,  23J  W. 

Spring  Dale,  p-o.,  Springfield  t.,  Hamilton 
co.,  O.,  110  s.  w.  Columbus,  500  W. 

Springersville,  p  v.,  Fayette  co.,  la.,  64  E. 
by  s.  Indianapolis,  515  W. 

Springfield,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  60  n. 
e.  by  e.  Bangor.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to 
grain,  and  particularly  to  wheat.  Incorporated 
in  1834.  Drained  by  branches  of  Mattawarakeag 
r.,  which  afford  water  power.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $950  ;  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac $3,206.    7  sch.  236  scholars.     Pop.  546. 

Springfield,  p-t.,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  H.,  35  s. 
w.  Concord,  492  W.  Drained  by  the  head  wa- 
ters of  Black  r.,  flowing  into  the  Merrimac,  and 
of  Sugar  r.,  flowing  into  the  Connecticut ;  and  it 
therefore  occupies  the  height  of  land  between 
Connecticut  and  Merrimac  rivers.  The  surface  is 
rough ;  soil,  fertile.  Chartered  in  1769.  Re- 
ceived its  present  name  in  1794.  It  contains 
several  considerable  ponds.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$2,500 ;  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  7  sch.  430  scholars. 
Pop.  1,252. 

Springfield,  p-t,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  77  s. 
Montpelier,  459  W.  Bounded  e.  by  Connecticut 
r.  It  has  a  fertile  soil,  adapted  to  grain  and  to 
grazing.  Drained  by  Black  r.,  which  has  im- 
portant falls  here,  affording  great  water  power. 
At  the  falls,  4  ms.  from  its  mouth  in  Connecticut 
r.,  is  a  flourishing  manufacturing  v.  The  mea- 
dows on  Connecticut  r.  are  extensive  and  very 
fertile.  It  has  8  stores,  cap.  $25,700  ;  6  fulling 
m.,  2  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  650  sp.,  1  furnace, 
3  tanneries,  1  paper  fac,  3  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $106,500.  19  sch.  904 
scholars.     Pop.  2,625. 

Springfield,  p-t.,  capital  of  Hampden  co., 
Mass.,  on  the  e.  side  of  Connecticut  r.,  24  n.  Hart- 
ford, 91  w.  Boston,  363  W.  Pop.  1830,  6,784 ; 
1340,  10,935.  Incorporated  in  1645.  Watered  by 
Chickapee  and  Mill  rivers.  On  the  r.  are  rich 
alluvial  meadows,  exceedingly  fertile  ;  and  back, 
the  land  rises  and  terminates  in  a  plain,'  mode- 
rately fertile.  The  main  street  extends  along  the 
r.  between  2  and  3  miles.  The"  houses  are  well 
built,  and  many  of  them  are  elegant.  Springfield 
v.  has  a  court  house,  jail,  7  churches — 3  Congre- 
gational, 1  Baptist,  1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist,  and 

1  Unitarian — two  banks,  and  one  of  the  most 
extensive  United  States  arsenals  of  construction 
in  the  country.  A  bridge  here  crosses  Connec- 
ticut r.  The  armory  is  pleasantly  situated,  on 
elevated  ground,  half  a  mile  E.  of  the  village. 
The  buildings  are  arranged  on  a  large  square, 
and  consist  of  one  brick  edifice  240  feet  by  32, 

2  stories  high,  occupied  by  lock  filers,  stockers, 
and  finishers ;  a  brick  forging  shop  150  feet  by 
32 ;  a  brick  building  60  feet  by  32,  2  stories  high, 
the  second  story  forming  a  spacious  hall  devoted 
to  religious  worship ;  a  brick  building  100  feet  by 
40,  and  2  stories  high,  used  as  a  depository  of 
arms,  and  numerous  smaller  stores  and  shops. 
The  water  works  are  situated  on  Mill  r.,  about  1 
mile  s.  of  the  arsenal,  on  3  different  sites,  called 
the  Upper,  Middle,  and  Lower  Water  shops,  the 
whole  comprising  5  workshops,  23  forges,  10  trip- 
hammers, 18  water-wheels,  exhibiting  a  great 
assemblage  of  water-works.  The  whole  estab- 
lishment employs  from  240  to  250  workmen,  who 
complete  45  muskets  daily.  The  water  power 
owned  by  the  United  States  would  admit  of  a 
great  extension  of  these  works.    There  were  in 


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630 


SPR 


Springfield,  ill  1810,  63  stores,  cap.  $-250,000; 
value  of  machinery  manufactured,  $120,000 ; 
hardware  and  cutlery,  $25,000;  30  cannon  and 
14,000  small-arms  ;  8  cotton  fac.  43,700  sp.,  cap. 
$1,650,000 ;  3  tanneries,  2  breweries,  3  grist  m.,  3 
saw  m.,  4  paper  fac,  7  printing  offices,  4  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,631,500.  3 
acad.  140  students,  36  sch.  1,512  scholars.  At 
the  mouth  of  Chickapee  r.,  where  it  enters  the 
Connecticut,  is  Chickapee  village,  4  ms.  n.  of 
Springfield,  a  fine  manufacturing  village  in  the  t. 
of  Springfield,  which  has  3  churches — 1  Baptist, 
1  Congregational,  1  Methodist — 4  cotton  fac,  1 
paper  fac,  150  houses,  and  about  1,200  inhabit- 
ants. 

Springfield,  p-t.,  Otsego  co.,  N.  Y.,  8  n. 
Cooperstown,  61  w.  Albany,  379  W.  The  sur- 
face is  elevated  and  hilly  ;  soil,  fertile  in  the  val- 
leys. The  n.  end  of  Otsego  lake  extends  to  the 
centre  of  the  t.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $19,500  ;  4 
fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  furnace,  3  tanneries, 

4  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap.  in' manufac  $24,515. 
16  sch.  800  scholars.    Pop.  2,382. 

Springfield,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  N.  J.,  8  w.  New- 
ark, 52  n.  E.  Trenton,  217  W.  The  surface  is 
hilly  ;  soil,  clay  loam  and  red  shale.  Rahway  r. 
runs  on  its  e.  border,  by  tributaries  of  which  it  is 
drained.  It  is  distinguished  for  its  paper  manu- 
factories. The  v.  is  situated  on  Rahway  r.,  and 
contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist  church, 

5  stores,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  10  paper  m.,  and 
200  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  7  stores,  cap. 
$22,300;  1  tannery,  11  paper  fac,  3  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $158,694.  7  sch.  453 
scholars.    Pop.  1,651. 

Springfield,  t.,  Burlington  co.,  N.  J.,  5  n.  e. 
Mount  Holly.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  sand 
and  sandy  loam,  fertile,  and  well  cultivated.  The 
inhabitants  are  mostly  Friends,  and  they  have  3 
Friends  churches.  Drained  by  Assiscunk  cr.  and 
its  branches  ;  and  by  tributaries  of  the  N.  branch 
of  Rancocus  cr.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $13,000;  1 
tannery.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,320.  7  sch.  411 
scholars.    Pop.  1,632. 

Springfield,  p-t.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  154  n.  by 
E.  Harrisburg,  261  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ; 
soil,  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  Bentley's  cr., 
and  branches  of  Sugar  cr.  It  has  1  fulling  m.,  1 
grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,860.  12 
sch.  413  scholars.     Pop.  1,437. 

Springfield,  t.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  15  n.  Doyles- 
town,  40  n.  Philadelphia.  The  surface  is  rolling ; 
soil  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Durham  cr.,  which 
affords  water  power,  and  by  branches  of  Tohick- 
on  cr.  It  has  a  v.  which  contains  a  church. 
There  are  in  the  t.  6  stores,  cap.  $21,300;  1  full- 
ing m.,  2  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  7  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,840.  Pop. 
2,072. 

Springfield,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  12  w. 
Philadelphia,  4  N.  Chester.  Crum  cr.  runs  on  its 
W.  boundary.  It  contains  a  church,  2  woollen 
fac,  3  cotton  fac.  3,860  sp.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m., 
1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $65,950.  2  sch.  80 
scholars.    Pop.  860. 

Springfield,  t.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.  The  surface 
is  level ;  soil,  clay  and  loam.  Drained  by  Ne- 
shannock  cr.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $3,700  ;  2  tan- 
neries, 6  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$500.     13  sch.  476  scholars.     Pop.  1,804. 

Springfield,  t.,  Erie  co.,  Pa.  Drained  by 
Crooked,  Elk,  and  Racoon  creeks.  The  surface 
is  hilly  ;  soil,  loam.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $8,500  ; 
1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2  grist  ra.,  7 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,050;  1  sch.  18 
scholars.     Pop.  2,344. 

Springfield,  t,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  21  s. 


Huntingdon  b.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  in  the 
valleys,  calcareous  loam.  Drained  by  Great 
Aughwick  cr.,  and  its  branches,  flowing  into  Ju- 
niata r.  Iron  ore  is  abundant.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $4,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  pottery,  3  grist  m.,  7 
saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac  $6,245.     Pop.  984. 

Springfield,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  10  n. 
Philadelphia,  7  n.  e.  Norristown.  The  surface 
is  rolling ;  soil,  calcareous  loam.  Drained  by  a 
branch  of  Wissahickon  cr.  Near  the  v.  of  Flour- 
town  is  a  church.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $7,000  ; 
2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m     Pop.  695. 

Springfield,  t.,  York  co.,  Pa.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $4,700 ;  2  tanneries,  16  distilleries,  4  grist 
m.,  4  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $26,400. 
Pop.  1,207. 

Springfield,  p-v.,  Hampshire  co.,  Va.,  197  n. 
n.  w.  Richmond,  125  W.  Situated  on  a  branch 
of  Potomac  r.,  and  contains  about  75  inhabitants. 

Springfield,  p-v.,  capital  of  Effingham  co., 
Ga.,  23  n.  w.  Savannah,  133  E.  s.  E.  Milledgeville, 
678  W.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  1  store, 
and  about  80  inhabitants. 

Springfield,  p-v.,  Greene  co.,  Ala.,  33  s.  s. 
w.  Tuscaloosa,  851  W. 

Springfield,  p-v.,  capital  of  Livingston  par., 
La.,  65  n.  w.  New  Orleans,  1,152  W.  Situated 
on  the  w.  bank  of  Notalbaney  r.,  a  branch  of 
Tickfaw  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and 
about  75  inhabitants. 

Springfield,  p-v.,  capital  of  Robertson  co., 
Tenn.,  26  n.  by  w.  Nashville,  708  W.  Situated 
on  the  s.  bank  of  Sulphur  Fork  of  Red  r.,  which 
flows  into  Cumberland  r.,  at  Clarksville.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  2  stores,  and  about  275 
inhabitants. 

Springfield,  p-v.,  capital  of  Washington  co., 
Ky.,  68  s.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  590  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  a  bank,  and  598  inhabitants. 

Springfield,  t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.  It  has  7 
sch.  263  scholars.     Pop.  1,091. 

Springfield,  p-v.,  Springfield  t.,  capital  of 
Clarke  co.,  O.,  43  w.  Columbus,  436  W.  Situ- 
ated on  the  national  road,  and  on  the  E.  fork  of 
Mad  r.,  which  affords  extensive  water  power.  It 
contains  a  handsome  court  house,  a  clerk's  office, 
jail,  1  male  and  1  female  academy,  4  churches — 
1  Presbyterian,  1  Methodist,  1  Reformed  Metho- 
dist, and.  1  Associate  Reformed — 30  stores,  1  pa- 
Eer  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  carding  and  fulling  m.,  1 
rewery,  1  distillery,  1  printing  office,  which  is- 
sues a  weekly  newspaper,  15  sch.  793  scholars, 
400  dwellings,  and  about 2,062  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.,  exclusive  of  the  v.,  1  acad.  60  stu- 
dents.    Pop.  2,349. 

Springfield,  t.,  Gallia  co.,  O.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $2,800 ;  1  distillery,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $1,950.     Pop.  991. 

Springfield,  t.,  Hamilton  co.,  O.  It  has  13 
sch.  69  scholars.     Pop.  3,092. 

Springfield,  t.,  Richland  co.,  O.  It  has  1 
sch.  40  scholars.     Pop.  1,686. 

Springfield,  t.,  Summit  co.,  O.  It  has  7  sch. 
208  scholars.     Pop.  1,663. 

Springfield,  t.,  Williams  co.,  O.  It  has  2 
sch.  45  scholars.     Pop.  359. 

Springfield,  p-t.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  37  n. 
w.  Detroit,  561  W.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,300 ; 
1  saw  m.     Pop.  573. 

Springfield,  p-v.,  Franklin  co.,  la.,  71  e.  s.  e. 
Indianapolis,  507  W.  Situated  on  a  small  branch 
of  Whitewater  r. 

Springfield,  t.,  La  Grange  co.,  la.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $12,000  ;  1  distillery,  I  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $20,800.  4  sch.  59  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  429. 

Springfield,  p-v.,  capital  of  Sangamon  co., 


SPR 


631 


SPR 


and  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  105  n.  by  B.  St.  Louis, 
780  from  W.  Situated  near  the  centre  of  the 
state,  4  ms.  s.  Sangamon  r.,  on  the  bonier  of  a 
beautiful  and  extended  prairie.  It.  was  laid  out 
in  1822,  and  in  1823  contained  30  families,  living 
in  log  cabins.  Its  principal  growth  has  been 
within  10  years  past.  It  contains  a  state  house, 
for  the  erection  of  which  $50,000  has  been  ap- 
propriated, a  court  house,  and  market  house,  on  a 
fine  public  square,  a  jail,  a  U.  S.  land  office,  6 
churches — 2  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist, 
1  Baptist  Reformed,  and  1  Methodist — 3  acade- 
mies, 34  stores,  cap.  $260,000 ;  1  iron  foundry,  4 
carding  machines,  3  printing  offices,  each  issuing 
a  weekly  newspaper,  and  2,579  inhabitants.  It 
has  been  the  capital  of  the  state  since  1840. 

Springfield,  p-v.,  Jackson  co.,  Iowa. 

Springfield,  p-v.,  Madison  co.,  Miss.,  41  N. 
N.  e.  Jackson,  979  W. 

Springfield,  p-v.,  capital  of  Greene  co.,  Mo., 
158  s.  w.  Jefferson  City,  1,073  W.  Situated  on 
the  head  branches  of  James  fork  of  White  r.,  and 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a  United  States  land 
office,  8  stores,  and  about  500  inhabitants. 

Springfield  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Erie  co.,  Pa., 
270  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  341  W. 

Springfield  Furnace,  p-o.,  Huntingdon  co., 
Pa.,  115  w.  Harrisburg,  153  W. 

Spring  Forge,  p-o.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  31  s.  Har- 
risburg, 92  W. 

Spring  Garden,  t.,  York  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1 
store,  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  6 
distilleries,  1  pottery,  1  paper  fac,  5  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.,  2  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $57,355.  1 
sch.  32  scholars.    Pop.  1,819. 

Spring  Garden,  p-v.,  Philadelphia  co.,  Pa., 
100  e.  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  140  W.  It  is  in  fact  a 
constituent  part  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia, 
though  under  a  separate  charter,  and  governed 
by  13  commissioners,  elected  for  3  years.  It  con- 
tains the  Fairmont  water-works,  the  Eastern  pen- 
itentiary, the  house  of  refuge,  the  city  hospital, 
an  entensive  floor  cloth  fac,  5  commission  houses, 
cap.  $25,000  ;  106  retail  stores,  cap.  $234,650 ;  13 
lumber  yards,  cap.  $271,000;  4  woollen  fac,  4 
cotton  fac.  7.802  sp.,  5  dyeing  and  print  estab.,  3 
tanneries,  1  distillery,  3  breweries,  1  pottery,  1 
paper  fac,  1  rope  fac,  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,178,000.  8  acad.  702  stu- 
dents, 29  schools,  1,057  scholars.  Population 
27,849. 

Spring  Garden,  p-v.,  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va., 
154  w.  s.  w.  Richmond,  241  W.  It  contains  1 
Baptist  church,  1  store,  and  several  mechanic 

shops.  „, 

Spring  Garden,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  HI.,  140  s. 
s.  w.  Springfield,  805  W. 

Spring  Grove,  p-o.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  64  e. 
s.  E.  Harrisburg,  99  W. 

Spring  Grove,  p-o.,  Iredell  co.,  N.  C,  139  w. 
Raleigh,  376  W. 

Spring  Grove,  p-o.,  Laurens  dist.,  S.  C,  66 
w.  n.  w.  Columbia. 

Spring  Grove,  p-o.,  Alachua  co.,  Flor. 

Spring  Grove,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  111.,  128  N 
w.  Springfield,  853  W. 

Spring  Hill,  p-o.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  163  n.  by 
E.  Harrisburg,  273  W. 

Spring  Hill,  t.,  Fayette  co.,  Pa.  It  has  6 
stores,  cap.  $20,500 ;  1  forge,  1  tannery,  3  distil- 
leries, 1  glass  house,  5  grist  m.,  11  saw  m..  1  oil 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $23,683.  6  sch.  360  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  2,385. 

Spring  Hill,  p-o.,  Chesterfield  co.,  Va,  24  s. 
s.  w.  Richmond,  141  W. 

Spring  Hill,  p-o.,  York  dist.,  S.  C,  92  n.  by 
w.  Columbia,  415  W. 


Spring  Hill,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Ga.,  65  w.  Mil- 
Iwjgevflle,  720  W. 

Spring  Bill,  p-v.,  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  71  s.  by 
w. Tuscaloosa,  883  W.  Situated  a  tew  DM.  i:.  of 
ihe  Tombigbee  r.,  and  contains  about  125  inhab- 
itants. 

Spring  Hill,  p-o.,  Tippah  co.,  Miss.,  214  n.  n 
e.  Jackson,  879  W. 

Spring  Hill,  p-o.,  Hempsted  co.,  Ark.,  136  s 
w.  Little  Rock,  1,201  W. 

Spring  Hill,  p-o.,  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  30  s.  s. 
w.  Nashville,  707  W. 

Spring  Hill,  p-o.,  Rapides  par.,  La. 

Spring  Hill,  p-o.,  Decatur  co.,  la.,  54  8.  E. 
Indianapolis,  542  W. 

Spring  Hill,  t.,  Hempsted  co.,  Ark.  It  has  2 
academies,  70  students.     Pop.  892. 

Spring  Hill,  p-o.,  Scott  co.,  Mo.,  213  a.  e. 
Jefferson  City,  861  W. 

Spring  House,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  99 
E.  Harrisburg,  154  W. 

Spring  Mill,  p-o.,  Independence  t.,  Alleghany 
co.,  N.  Y.,  269  w.  by  s.  Albany,  297  W. 

Spring  Mills,  p-o.,  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  80  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  174  W. 

Spring  Mills,  p-o.  Lawrence  co.,  la.,  81  s.  8. 
w.  Indianapolis,  626  W. 

Spring  Place,  p-v.,  capital  of  Murray  co.,  Ga., 
184  n.  w.  Milledgeville,  605  W.  Situated  3  ms. 
e.  of  Connessauga  r.  Formerly  a  missionary 
station  among  the  Cherokees.  It  contains  a  court 
house  and  jail,  and  about  150  inhabitants. 

Spring  Place,  p-v.,  Marshall  co.,  Tenn.,  66  s. 
Nashville,  712  W. 

Springport,  t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y.,  9  s.  w.  Au- 
burn, 165  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  rolling; 
soil,  calcareous  loam,  well  cultivated  and  produc- 
tive. Drained  by  small  streams  flowing  into 
Cayuga  lake,  which  bounds  it  on  the  w.  It  has 
7  stores,  cap.  $35,400 ;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $2,500 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  3  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $105,750.  10 
sch.  566  scholars.    Pop.  1,890. 

Springport,  p-t.,  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  100  w. 
Detroit,  570  W.  It  has  2  sch.  47  scholars.  Pop.  294. 

Spring  River,  t.,  Lawrence  co.,  Ark.  Pop.  545. 

Spring  Ridge,  p-o.,  Hinds  co.,  Miss. 

Spring  Rock,  p-o.,  York  dist.,  S.  C,  71  n.  Co- 
lumbia, 438  W. 

Spring  Rock,  p-o.,  Clinton  co.,  Iowa. 

Springtown,  p-v.,  Springfield  t.,  Bucks  co., 
Pa.,  106  e.  Harrisburg,  185  W.  It  contains  a  store, 
and  8  or  10  dwellings. 

Springvale,  p-v.,  York  co.,  Me.,  86  s.  w.  Au- 
gusta, 515  W. 

Spring ville,  p-v.,  Concord  t.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y., 
287  w.  Albany,  353  W.  Situated  on  Spring  cr., 
and  contains  3  churches— 1  Presbyterian,  1  Bap- 
tist, and  1  Methodist — an  academy,  5  stores,  2 
flouring  m.,  3  saw  m.,  2  tanneries,  2  woollen  fac, 
1  furnace,  1  cabinet  fac,  175  dwellings,  and  about 
1,000  inhabitants. 

Springville,  p-t.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  173 
N.  n.  E.  Harrisburg,  274  W.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$9,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $5,000.  1  acad.  22  students,  6  sch.  162 
scholars.    Pop.  926. 

Springville,  p-v.,  Big  Spring  t,  Seneca  co., 
O.,  89  n.  Columbus,  439  W. 

Springville,  p-v.,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  68  s. 
w.  Detroit,  523  W.  It  contains  a  store,  and  a  few 
dwellings. 

Springville,  p-v.,  Greenup  co.,  Ky.,  134  e.  by 
N.  Frankfort,  441  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  bank 
of  Ohio  r.,  directly  opposite  to  Portsmouth. 

Springville,  p-v.,  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala.,  83  e.  n. 
i  e.  Tuscaloosa,  734  W. 


STA 


632 


STA 


Springville,  p-v.,  Lawrence  co.,  la.,  81  s.  s. 
w.  Indianapolis,  631  W. 

Springwater,  p-t.,  Livingston  co.,  N.  Y.,  16 
E.  Geneseo,  226  w.  Albany,  341  W.  The  surface 
is  hilly  and  rough  ;  soil,  clay  loam,  well  adapted 
to  grass.  Drained  by  the  inlet  of  Hemlock  lake. 
It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $18,300 ;  1  lumber  yard,  cap. 
$1,000;  2  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  21 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $51,736.  17  sch.  888 
scholars.     Pop.  2,832. 

Spring  Wells,  t.,  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.  It 
has  2  sch.  95  scholars.     Pop.  916. 

Sprout  Creek,  p-o.,  La  Grange  t.,  Dutchess 
co.,  N.  Y.,  80  s.  Albany,  307  W. 

Spruce,  p-o.,  Albion  t.,  Oswego  co.,  N.  Y.,  148 
w.  n.  w.  Albany,  382  W. 

Spruce  Head,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  Me.    Pop.  12. 

Squam,  lake  and  r.,  N.  H.  This  lake  lies  be- 
tween Sandwich,  llolderness,  Moultonborough, 
and  Centre  Harbor  townships,  and  is  6  ms.  long 
and  3  wide,  at  its  greatest  width.  It  has  a  num- 
ber of  islands,  and  is  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water, 
surrounded  by  picturesque  scenery.  The  outlet 
is  called  Squam  r.,  and  flows  into  Pemigewasset  r. 

Squam,  bay,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  is  situated  on 
the  N.  of  Cape  Ann,  and  connected  with  Glouces- 
ter harbor,  on  the  s.  side  of  the  cape,  by  a  short 
canal,  which  crosses  the  isthmus  that  joins  the 
cape  with  the  main  land. 

Squam,  v.,  Gloucester  t.,  Essex  co.,  Mass.  Sit- 
uated on  the  N.  side  of  Cape  Ann,  and  is  inhab- 
ited chiefly  by  fishermen.  It  contains  1  Congre- 
gational, 1  Baptist,  and  1  Universalist  church. 
It  has  a  good  harbor,  and  considerable  shipping. 

Squankum,  p-v.,  Howell  t.,  Monmouth  co.,  N. 
J.,  10  s.  e.  Freehold,  43  s.  e.  Trenton,  209  W. 
It  contains  1  Friends  church,  1  store,  1  grist  m. 
and  fulling  m.,  and  about  15  dwellings.  It  is 
surrounded  by  a  pine  forest,  and  a  sandy  soil. 

Square,  p-o.,  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y.,  161  w.  by  n. 
Albany,  326  W. 

Square  Pond,  p-o.,  Tolland  co.,  Ct.,  26  n.  e. 
Hartford,  362  W.  The  pond  is  situated  on  the 
s.  line  of  Stafford,  with  an  outlet  flowing  n.,  in- 
to Willimantic  r. 

Staatsburg,  p-o.,  Hyde  Park  t.,  Dutchess  co., 
N.Y.,  61  s.  Albany,  309  W. 

Stafford,  t.,  Tolland  co.,  Ct.,  6  n.  e.  Tolland, 
24  n.  e.  Hartford,  73  w.  s.  w.  Boston.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  and  mountainous ;  soil,  gravelly 
loam,  adapted  to  grazing.  Watered  by  Furnace 
and  Willimantic  rivers,  which  unite  in  this  t.,  and 
afford  good  water  power.  Bog  iron  ore  of  an 
excellent  quality  is  found,  and  extensively  man- 
ufactured, particularly  into  hollow  ware.  The 
v.  is  on  an  elevated  plain,  with  a  large  open 
square  in  the  centre,  and  contains  a  Congrega- 
tional and  a  Universalist  church.  There  is  also 
a  Methodist  church  in  the  t. — (see  Stafford 
Springs.)  There  are  in  the  t.  8  stores,  cap.  $2 1 .000 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  5  woollen  fac.,4  furnaces,  2  forges,  2 
tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$82,200.     19  sch.  652  scholars.     Pop.  2,469. 

Stafford,  p-t.,  Genesee  co.,  N.  Y.,  243  w.  by 
N.  Albany,  377  W.  The  surface  is  generally 
level ;  soil,  clay  and  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by 
Allen's  and  Black  creeks.  The  v.  contains  3 
churches,  2  stores,  30  dwellings,  and  about  200 
inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  4  stores,  cap. 
$25,500 ;  3  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery, 
1  distillery,  5  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $87,435.  1  acad.  29  students,  18  sch.  773 
scholars.     Pop.  2,561. 

Stafford,  t.,  Monmouth  co.,  N.  J.,  38  s.  Free- 
hold. The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  sand,  grave', 
and  marsh.  Long  Beach  extends  about  11  ms. 
along  the  ocean,  and  is  1  m.  wide  on  an  average, 


separating  Little  Egg  Harbor  bay  from  the  sea 
The  bay  is  from  2  to  3  ms.  wide,  and  back  of  it 
is  a  salt  marsh,  of  equal  width.  Drained  by 
Manahocking,  Gunning,  Cedar,  and  Westecunk 
creeks.  It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $3,212;  1  grist  m., 
4  saw  m.,  7  sch.  215  scholars.     Pop.  2,149. 

Stafford,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  335  sq.  ms.  Rappahan- 
nock r.  runs  on  its  s.  w.  border.  Drained  by  Po- 
tomac and  Aquila  creeks,  small  branches  of  Po- 
tomac r.  Capital,  Falmouth.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  5,357,  sheep  5,195,  swine  9,068 ; 
wheat  30,516  bush,  produced,  rye  4,281,  Ind.  corn 
212,183,  buckwheat  256,  oats  63,166,  potatoes 
11,518,  tobacco,  34,031  pounds,  cotton  760,287  ;  7 
stores,  cap.  $18,000 ;  1  tannery,  16  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,700.  11  sch.  195  scho- 
lars. Pop.  whites  4,489,  slaves  3,596,  free  col'd 
369 ;  total,  8,454. 

Stafford,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  O.,  118  e.  Colum- 
bus, 287  W. 

Stafford,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Stafford  co., 
Va.,  73  n.  Richmond,  46  W.  Situated  on  the  n. 
bank  of  Rappahannock  r.,  opposite  to  Fredericks- 
burg. It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  2  stores, 
and  83  dwellings. 

Stafford  Springs,  p-v.,  Stafford  t.,  Tolland 
co.,  Ct.,  28  N.  E.  Hartford,  364  W.  The  springs 
have  acquired  much  celebrity  for  the  cure  of 
cutaneous  complaints.  There  are  2  springs,  of 
different  qualities.  One  contains  a  solution  of  iron, 
sustained  by  carbonic  acid  gas,  a  portion  of  ma- 
rine salt,  and  what  is  called  natron  or  a  native 
alkali.  This  is  one  of  the  most  efficacious  cha- 
lybeate springs  in  the  United  States.  The  other 
spring  contains  a  large  portion  of  hydrogen  gas, 
of  sulphur,  and  a  small  portion  of  iron.  The  first 
spring  is  on  the  margin  of  a  branch  of  Williman- 
tic r.,  and  the  other  a  few  rods  w.  of  it.  Here  is 
a  spacious  and  elegant  hotel  for  the  accommoda- 
tion of  visiters,  who  are  numerous  in  the  summer 
season,  and  the  country  around  is  peculiarly  ro- 
mantic. 

Staggville,  p-v.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C,  31  n.  w. 
Raleigh,  273  W. 

Stahler's,  p-o.,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  86  e.  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  179  W. 

Stallings  Store,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Ga.,  43 
w.  Milledgeville,  698  W. 

Stamford,  p-t.,  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  9  s.  E. 
Bennington,  143  s.  s.  w.  Montpelier,  404  W. 
The  surface  is  very  uneven,  lying  on  the  w.  bor- 
der of  the  Green  mountain  range,  and  much  of  it 
is  incapable  of  cultivation.  There  are  2  ponds  in 
the  N.  part,  one  of  which  discharges  its  waters 
w.  through  Walloomsac,  into  Hoosic  r.,  and  the 
other  s.  into  Deerfield  r.  Drained  by  branches 
of  Hoosic  r.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $2,500 ;  5  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,600.  4  sch.  99  scholars. 
Pop.  662. 

Stamford,  p-t.,  Fairfield  co.,  Ct.,  77  s.  w. 
Hartford,  263  W.  Long  Island  sound  bounds  it 
on  the  s.,  on  which  is  a  good  harbor,  at  the  mouth 
of  Mill  r.,  for  vessels  requiring  8  feet  of  water. 
The  surface  is  undulating ;  soil,  a  fertile  gravelly 
loam.  Drained  by  Mill  and  Miannus  rivers. 
The  borough,  near  the  mouth  of  Mill  r.,  contains 
4  churches — 1  Congregational,  1  Episcopal,  1 
Baptist,  and  1  Methodist — 12  stores,  a  bank,  1  iron 
foundry,  1  rolling  m.,  1  wire  fac,  and  about  750 
inhabitants.  A  canal  has  been  cut  to  tlie  sound, 
180  rods  long,  30  feet  wide,  and  7  deep,  at  an  ex- 
pense of  $7,000.  It  has  17  stores,  cap.  $32,750; 
2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $5.500 ;  1  furnace,  1  forge, 
1  tannery,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $23,200.  14  sch.  431  scholars. 
Pop.  3,516. 


STA 


633 


STA 


Stamford,  p-t.,  Delaware 
r.  Albany,  357  W.    The  su 


co.,  N.  Y.,  61  w.  s. 
surface  is  uneven  and 
broken  ;  soil,  well  adapted  to  grazing.  Drained 
by  head  branches  of  Delaware  r.  The  v.  con- 
tains 1  Presbyterian  church,  2  stores,  and  15  or 
20  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  11  stores,  cap. 
$4  1,728  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries, 
2  grist  m.,  4  saw  in.  Cap.  in  manufac  $8,100. 
14  sch.  477  scholars.     Pop.  1,686. 

Stampers  Creek,  t.,  Orange  co.,  la.  It  has 
6  s.h.  215  scholars.     Pop.  699. 

Stamping:  Ground,  p-o.,  Scott  co.,  Ky.,  21  n. 
k.  Frankfort,  531  W. 

Stanardsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Greene  co., 
Va.,  95  n.  w.  Richmond,  1 14  W.  Situated  near 
the  Blue  Ridge,  and  contains  a  court  house,  5 
stores,  1  tannery,  25  dwellings,  and  about  150 
inhabitants. 

Standing  Peach  Tree,  p-o.,  Do  Kalb  co., 
Ga.,  101  N.  w.  Milledgeville,  687  W. 

Standing  Rock,  p-o.,  Stewart  co.,  Tenn.,  84 
w.  n.  w.  Nashville,  762  W. 

Standing  Stone,  p-o.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  140 
n.  by  E.  Harrisburg,  250  W. 

Standish,  p-t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  62  s.  s. 
w.  Augusta,  538  W.  Sebago  lake  lies  on  its  n. 
border.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Incorporated  in  1785. 
It  has  8  stores,  cap.  $5,500 ;  1  grist  m.,  6  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,600.  17  sch.  483  scholars. 
Pop.  2,198. 

Stanford,  t.,  Dutchess  co.,  N.  Y.,  16  n.  e. 
Poughkeepsie,  72  s.  by  E.  Albany.  The  surface 
is  hilly  and  mountainous;  soil,  gravelly  and 
sandy  loam,  well  adapted  to  grazing.  Drained 
by  Wappinger's  cr.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $16,000  ; 
2  paper  fac,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. :$27,800.    8  sch.  269  scholars.     Pop.  2,278. 

Stanford,  p-v.,  capital  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ky., 
52  s.  s.  E.  Frankfort,  563  W.  Situated  on  a  small 
branch  of  Dick's  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  a  seminary,  and  263  inhabitants. 

Stanford,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  la.,  59  s.  8.  w. 
Indianapolis,  626  W. 

Stanfordville,  p-v.,  Stanford  t.,  Dutchess 
co.,  N.  Y.,  67  s.  Albany,  318  W.  Situated  on 
the  E.  side  of  Wappinger's  cr.,  and  contains  3 
churches— 1  Christian  and  2  Friends— 2  stores, 
1  woollen  fac,  1  grist  m.,  and  25  or  30  dwellings, 
inhabited  mostly  by  Friends. 

Stanfordville,  p-v.,  Putnam  co.,  Ga.,  21  n. 
w.  Milledgeville,  642  W.  It  contains  75  inhab- 
itants. 

Stanhope,  p-v.,  on  the  s.  boundary  of  Byram 
t,  Sussex  co.,  N.  J.,  60  n.  Trenton,  230  W.  Sit- 
uated on  Musconetcong  r.,  and  on  the  Morris 
canal,  and  contains  2  stores,  3  forges,  and  about 
30  dwellings.  The  r.  here  affords  good  water 
power,  by  a  fall  of  30  feet,  produced  by  leading 
it  from  its  bed ;  and  the  canal,  by  an  inclined 
plain,  overcomes  an  elevation  of  76  feet. 

Stanhope,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  128  N.  E. 
Harrisburg,  222  W. 

Stanhope,  p-v.,  Nash  co.,  N.  C,  32  E.  by  n. 
Raleigh,  266  W. 

Stanly,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  280  sq.  ms.  It  has  the 
Yadkin  r.  on  the  E.  Drained  by  branches  of 
Rocky  r. 

Stantonsburg,  p-v.,  Edgecombe  co.,  N.  C,  71 
E.  Raleigh,  281  W. 

Stantonville,  p-v.,  Anderson  dist.,  S.  C,  118 
w.  N.  w.  Columbia,  522  W. 

Stanwich,  p-o.,  Fairfield  co.,  Ct.,  89  s.  w. 
Hartford,  265  W. 

Staples,  p-o.,  Campbell  co.,  Va. 
Stapleton,  v.,  Ssouthfield  t.,  Richmond  co., 
N.  Y.    Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Staten  Island, 
80 


2  ms.  n.  of  the  "Narrows."  It  contains  1  Meth- 
odist chorea  and  1  Dutch  Reformed  chapel,  at- 
tached to  the  Seamen's  Retreat,  I  More,  1  print- 
ing office,  50  dwellings,  and  about  400  inhabitants. 
Here  is  the  Seamen  s  Retreat,  an  hospital  for  the 
reception  of  sick  or  disabled  seamen,  supported 
by  a  tax,  levied  by  law,  of  $1.50  upon  each  mas- 
ter of  a  vessel,  and  $1  for  each  mariner  on  every 
foreign  voyage,  and  *Jf>  cents  of  each  mariner  for 
each  voyage  coastwise,  which  entitles  each  indi- 
vidual to  the  benefits  of  the  hospiud,  while  sick 
or  disabled.  Founded  in  1830,  opened  Oct.  1st, 
1831.  For  a  period  of  10  years,  '.), .'>.">'.!  patients 
have  been  admitted,  of  whom  9,428  have  been 
cured,  relieved,  or  have  died,  and  131  remained 
in  the  hospital  Dec.  31st,  1840.  The  amount  col- 
lected annually  is  about  $27,000,  in  addition  to 
which  the  Retreat  has  had  a  loan  of  $45,000  from 
the  Marine  Hospital,  arising  from  alien  passengers. 
The  building  is  208  feet  long,  52  wide,  and  3 
stories  high,  with  wings  32  feet  deep  and  2  stories 
high,  and  cost  $100,000.  Attached  to  the  build- 
ing are  37  acres  of  land,  which  cost  $10,000. 

Stark,  county,  O.  Situated  toward  the  n. 
e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  650  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  fertile.  Drained  by 
Tuscarawas  r.  and  its  branches.  Iron  ore,  min- 
eral coal,  and  limestone,  are  abundant.  The 
Ohio  canal  passes  through  its  w.  part.  Capital, 
Canton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  25,620, 
sheep  51,119,  swine  32,240;  wheat  753,977  bush, 
produced,  rye  52,751,  Ind.  corn  273,225,  buck- 
wheat 13,196,  barley  5,043,  oats  504,051,  potatoes 
156,672,  sugar  96,688  pounds;  22  commission 
houses,  cap.  $59,500 ;  105  stores,  cap.  $242,715 ; 

3  furnaces,  1  forge,  1 1  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac, 
26  tanneries,  26  distilleries,  11  breweries,  11  pot- 
teries, 5  flouring  m.,  34  grist  m.,  99  saw  m.,  2  oil 
m.,  5  printing  offices,  4  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $314,099.  33  sch.  809  scholars. 
Pop.  34,603. 

Stark,  county,  la.  Situated  toward  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  432  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Kankakee  and  Yellow  rivers.  There  are 
extensive  marshes  on  the  Kankakee.  It  us  un- 
organized. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  107, 
sheep  66,  swine  357 ;  wheat  504  bush,  produced, 
Ind.  corn  1,700,  oats  174,  potatoes  923.     Pop.  149. 

Stark,  county,  111.  Situated  n.  w.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  288  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  undulating ;  soil,  very  iertile. 
Drained  by  Spoon  r.  Capital,  Toulon.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  1,461,  sheep  1,322,  swine 
5,269;  wheat  18,876  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
61,655,  oats  16,850,  potatoes  8,112,  tobacco  590 
pounds,  sugar  3,130 ;  3  stores,  cap.  $5,000 ;  1  tan- 
nery, 3  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$5'.K).    8  sch.  214  scholars.    Pop.  1,573. 

Starks,  p-t.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  40  n.  n.  w. 
Augusta,  633  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Kennebec  r.,  opposite  to  Norridgewock.  Wa- 
tered by  Sandy  r.,  which  here  enters  the  Kenne- 
bec, and  affords  water  power.  The  soil  is  fertile, 
adapted  to  grain.  Incorporated  in  1795.  It  has 
1  store,  cap.  $1,000;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $600.  17  sch.  693  scho- 
'lars.    Pop.  1,559. 

Stark,  p-t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H.,  10  n.  e.  Lancas- 
ter, 1 17  N.  Concord,  578  W.  The  surface  is  very 
uneven  and  broken.  First  settled  in  1788,  and 
named  Piercy.  It  has  1  grist  ra.,  1  saw  ra.,  5  sch. 
75  scholars.    Pop.  349. 

Stark,  t.,  Herkimer  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  s.  E.  Her- 
kimer, 69  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  sod, 
sandy  and  calcareous  loam.  Drained  by  Ots- 
quaga  cr.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $44,150;  2  full- 
ing m.,  1  cotton  fac.  2,424  sp.,  1  fumace»  2  tan- 


STA 


634  STE 


neries,  2  grist  m.,  8  saw  ra.    Cap.  in  manufac. 
$61,828.    8  sch.  3S5  scholars.     Pop.  1,766. 

Starkey,  p-t.,  Yates  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  n.  e.  Penn 
Yan,  188  w.  Albany,  315  W.  The  surface  is 
hilly ;  soil,  clay  loam.  Drained  by  small  streams 
flowing  into  Seneca  lake,  which  bounds  it  on  the 
E.  It  has  12  stores,  cap.  $34,500 ;  4  fulling  m., 
1  woollen  fac,  1  furnace,  2  tanneries,  2  flouring 
m.,  4  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$80,000.     14  sch.  1,832  scholars.     Pop.  2,426. 

Starksborough,  p-t.,  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  42  w. 
by  s.  Montpelier,  498  W.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous and  rough  ;  soil,  loam,  and  in  some  parts 
fertile,  but  much  of  it  is  unfit  for  cultivation. 
Drained  by  Huntington  r.  and  Lewis  cr.,  which 
afford  water  power.  Chartered  in  1780.  First 
settled  in  1788.  The  religious  denominations  are 
Congregationalists,  Methodists,  Friends,  and  Free- 
will Baptists.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,700 ;  1  full- 
ing m.,  1  forge,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,800.  14  sch.  488  scholars. 
Pop.  1,263. 

Starkville,  p-v.,  Stark  t.,  Herkimer  co.,  N. 
Y.,  62  n.  w.  Albany,  385  W.  It  contains  2 
churches,  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  about 
30  dwellings. 

Starksville,  v.,  Hoosick  t.,  Rensselaer  co., 
N.  Y.  Situated  on  Walloomsack  cr.,  and  con- 
tains 1  store,  1  cotton  fac,  1  grist  m.,  and  about 
25  dwellings. 

Starkville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Lee  co.,  Ga.,  133 
s.  w.  Milledgeville,  778  W.  Situated  on  a  branch 
of  Flint  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and  a 
number  of  dwellings. 

Starkville,  p-v.,  Oktibbeha  co.,  Miss.,  143 
N.  E.  Jackson,  912  W. 

Starlington,  p-o.,  Butler  co.,  Ala.,  161  s.  s. 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  903  W. 

Starr,  p-t.,  Hocking  co.,  O.,  59  s.  E.  Colum- 
bus, 377  W.  Watered  by  head  branches  of 
Racoon  cr.  It  has  1  school,  35  scholars.  Pop. 
622. 

Starsville,  p-v.,  Newton  co.,  Ga.,  55  n.  n. 
w.  Milledgeville,  654  W. 

Starucca,  p-v.,  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  191  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  285  W. 

State  Bridge,  p-o.,  Lenox  t,  Madison  co., 
N.  Y.,  119  w.  by  n.  Albany,  376  W. 

State  Line,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  61  w.  s. 
w.  Harrisburg,  74  W. 

State  Line,  p-o.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  197  n.  e. 
Columbus,  306  W. 

State  Line,  p-o.,  Allen  co.,  Ky.,  157  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  680  W. 

State  Line,  p-o.,  Floyd  co.,  Ga.,  184  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  693  W. 

Staten  Island,  N.  Y.,  lies  at  its  centre,  11 
s.  w.  of  the  city  of  New  York,  and  forms  the 
county  of  Richmond.  It  is  14  ms.  long  and  from 
4  to  8  wide,  und  is  divided  into  4  townships. 
The  surface  toward  the  n.  is  hilly,  but  more 
level  to  the  s.  Richmond  hill  is  elevated  307  feet 
above  the  ocean,  and  the  view  from  its  summit  is 
extensive  and  beautiful,  including  the  city  of  N. 
York  with  its  harbor,  islands  and  fortifications, 
and  a  pleasant  surrounding  country  on  Long  Is- 
land and  New  Jersey,  together  with  the  lower 
bay,  and  a  wide  expanse  of  the  Atlantic,  con- 
tinually enlivened  by  numerous  vessels  and 
steamboats.  The  island  contains  several  pleas- 
ant villages,  and  is  crowned  with  numerous 
country  seats.  Several  steam  ferry-boats  are 
continually  plying  between  the  island  and  the  city 
of  New  York  ;  and  the  steamboats  which  ply  to 
Newark,  stop  at  several  landing  places  on  its 
side.  The  fisheries,  both  for  scale  and  shell 
fish,  on  its  borders,  are  productive. 


State  Rights,  p-o.,  Oglethorpe  co.,  Ga.,  70 
N.  Milledgeville,  539  W. 

Statesborough,  p-v.,  capital  of  Bullock  co., 
Ga.,  133  s.  e.  by  e.  Milledgeville,  671  W.  Situ- 
ated 8  ms.  s.  of  Great  Ogeechee  r.,  and  contains 
a  court  house,  jail,  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Statesburgh,  p-v.,  Sumter  dist.,  S.  C,  53  e. 
by  s.  Columbia,  493  W. 

Statesville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Iredell  co.,  N. 
C,  145  w.  Raleigh,  382  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  several  stores,  and  220  inhabitants. 

Statesville,  p-v.,  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  39  e. 
Nashville  642  W. 

Station  Camp,  p-o.,  Estill  co.,  Ky.,  79  s.  e. 
Frankfort,  545  W. 

Stauton,  p-v.,  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  51  n. 
Dover,  106  W. 

Stauton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Augusta  co.,  Va., 
116  w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  156  W.  Situated  on 
Lewis  cr.,  one  of  the  head  branches  of  Shenan- 
doah r.,  and  is  one  of  the  oldest  towns  in  the 
state.  The  land  rises  from  the  creek,  and  the 
streets,  though  narrow,  are  regularly  laid  out. 
It  contains  an  elegant  court  house,  a  jail,  3 
churches,  an  academy,  several  stores,  250  dwell- 
ings, and  about  2,500  inhabitants.  The  Western 
Lunatic  Asylum  is  located  here,  and  has  a  beau- 
tiful and  commodious  building. 

Staunton,  p-v.,  Granville  co.,  N.  C. 

Staunton,  t.,  Miami  co.,  O.  It  has  1  distil- 
lery, 4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,750.  4 
sch.  184  scholars.    Pop.  1,220. 

Staunton,  p-v.,  Macoupin  co.,  111.,  69  s.  s.  w. 
Springfield,  789  W.  Situated  on  the  head 
branches  of  Silver  cr.,  and  contains  1  store,  and 
about  40  inhabitants.  It  is  surrounded  by  a 
very  fertile  and  healthy  region. 

Steam  Mills,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Ark.,  196 
n.  w.  Little  Rock,  1,205  W. 

Stearnsville,  p-v.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  134 
w.  Boston,  379  W. 

Steel  Creek,  p-o.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.  C, 
170  w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  409  W. 

Steele's,  p-o.,  Anderson  dist.,  S.  C,  135  w. 
n.  w.  Columbia,  538  W. 

Steele's,  p-o.,  Rush  co.,  la.,  48  e.s.  e.  Indian- 
apolis, 520  W. 

Steele's  Mills,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  111.,  159 
s.  Springfield,  851  W. 

Steele's  Tavern,  p-o.,  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  129 
w.  N.  w.  Richmond,  171  W. 

Steelville,  p-v.,  Chester  co.,  Pa. 

Steelville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Crawford  co., 
Mo.,  75  s.  s.  e.  Jefferson  City,  923  W.  Situated 
on  the  s.  side  of  Maramecr.,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  and  several  dwellings.  The  country 
around  abounds  with  iron  ore. 

Stell's  Mills,  p-o.,  Conway  co.,  Ark.,  60  n. 
w.  Little  Rock,  1,125  W. 

Stephensport,  p-v.,  Breckenridge  co.,  Ky., 
125  w.  s.  w.  Franklbrt,  667  W. 

Stephenson,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  500  sq.  ms.  Wa- 
tered by  Pekatonica  r.  and  branches.  Capital, 
Freeport.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,108, 
sheep  741,  swine  9,623;  wheat  46,203  bush, 
produced,  Ind.  corn  96,974,  buckwheat  1,101, 
barley  3,714,  oats  52,218,  potatoes  45,137,  tobac- 
co 2,021  pounds,  sugar  6,543 ;  7  stores,  cap. 
$10,500 ;  1  tannery,  5  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $2,415.  10  sch.  177  scholars.  Pop. 
2,800. 

Stephentown,  p-t.,  Rensselaer  co.,  N.  Y., 
28  e.  s.  e.  Albany,  376  W.  The  surface  is  hilly 
and  mountainous,  with  a  valley  extending  through 
the  centre  from  n.  to  s.,  through  which  flows 
Kinderhook  r.,  by  which  it  is  watered.    The  soil 


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is  fertile,  well  adapted  to  grazing.  It  has  6 
stores,  cap.  $13,500;  1  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fee, 
1  cotton  fee.  1.619sp.,  4  mat  in.,  10  saw  in.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $26,500.  13  sell.  915  scholars.  Pop. 
2,753. 

Stepney,  p-v.,  Monroe  t.,  Fairfield  co.,  Ct.,  11 
N.  Bridgeport,  53  s.  w.  llartfonl,  886  W.  Situa- 
ted in  the  w.  part  of  the  t.,  and  the  llousatonic 
railroad  passes  through  it. 

Sterling,  t.,  Lamoille  co.,  Vt.,  24  n.  e.  Bur- 
lington,  84  n.  w.  Montpelier.  The  surface  is 
elevated  and  mountainous,  and  contains  one  of 
the  highest  peaks  of  the  Green  mountains.  Wa- 
tered by  small  branches  of  Lamoille  and  Onion 
rivers.  Chartered  in  1732,  first  settled  in  1799. 
It  has  2  saw  m.,  3  sch.  42  scholars.     Pop.  193. 

Sterling,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  4 1  w.  Bos- 
ton, 411  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil,  mode- 
rately fertile,  with  but  little  waste  land.  Wa- 
tered by  Still  r.  It  contains  a  pleasant  v.  with  2 
churches,  and  about  20  dwellings.  First  settled 
in  1720.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  §7,500 ;  2  tanne- 
ries, 3  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$8,900.     11  sch.  485  scholars.    Pop.  1,617. 

Sterling,  p-t.,  Windham  co.,  Ct.,  49  e  by  s. 
Hartford,  376  W.  Taken  from  the  N.  part  of 
Voluntown  in  1794.  The  surface  is  uneven  ; 
soil,  a  light  gravelly  and  sandy  loam.  Watered 
by  branches  of  Moosup  r.,  which  afford  water 
power.  It  contains  a  Baptist  church.  Here  is  a 
curious  cavern,  called  the  Devil's  Den,  which 
has  a  room  100  feet  in  diameter.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  37,800;  4  cotton  fac.  5,400  sp.,  1  tannery,  4 
grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$103,775.    7  sch.  259  scholars.     Pop.  1,099. 

Sterling,  p-t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y.,  179  w. 
Albany,  362  W.  The  surface  is  level  or  undu- 
lating; soil,  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Sodus  cr., 
flowing  into  Lake  Ontario,  which  bounds  it  on 
the  n.  Little  Sodus  Bay  of  Lake  Ontario  lies 
in  its  n.  w.  part.  The  v.  is  situated  on  Sodus 
cr.,  and  contains  2  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m., 

1  iron  foundry,  1  tannery,  30  dwellings,  and 
about  200  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  2 
stores,  cap.  $7,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  3 
grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,410.  13 
sch.  773  scholars.     Pop.  2,533. 

Sterling,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  146  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  240  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil, 
gravel  and  loam.  Drained  by  Waullenpaupack 
cr.  and  its  branches,  and  by  Lehigh  r.,  which 
rises  in  this  t.  It  has  6  sch.  130  scholars.  Pop.  808. 

Sterling,  t.,  Brown  co.,  O.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  co.  It  has  1  sch.  20  scholars.  Pop.  609. 

Sterling,  p-o.,  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  56  w. 
Detroit,  542  W. 

Sterling,  t.,  Macomb  co.,  Mich.  It  has  2 
distilleries,  2  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,000. 

2  sch.  43  scholars.    Pop.  677. 

Sterling  Grovb,  p-o.,  Greenville  dist.,  S. 
C,  104  n.  w.  Columbia,  514  W. 

Sterlingville,  p-v.,  Philadelphia  t.,  Jeffer- 
son co.,  N.  Y.  Situated  on  a  tributary  of  Indian 
r.  It  contains  1  Roman  Catholic  church,  1 
store,  an  extensive  furnace,  20  dwellings,  and 
about  125  inhabitants.  Excellent  iron  ore  abounds 
in  the  vicinity. 

Sterlingville,  p-o.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  164 
N.  E.  Harrisburg,  269  W. 

Sterritts  Gap,  p-o.,  Middletown  t.,  Cumber- 
land co.,  Pa.,  22  w.  s.  w.  Harrisburg,  110  W 
Here  is  a  remarkable  gap  in  Blue  mountain 
presenting  highly  picturesque  scenery. 

Stetson,  p-t.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  18  w.  N.  w 
Bangor,  71  N.  E.  Augusta,  666  W.  The  surface 
is  undulating;  soil,  fertile,  adaoted  to  grain. 
Watered  by  branches  of  Sebasticook  and  Sowa- 


dabscook  rivers,  and  of  kciiduskcag  stream. 
Incorporated  in  1S31.  It  has  3  stores,  cap 
$l.H»t);  1  grist  in.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
..M-h.  818  icliofera.  Pop.616. 
Steuben,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  in  the  s. 
toward  the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains 
1,400  sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
hills  and  fertile  valleys  ;  soil,  adapted  to  grazing. 
Live  stock  and  lumber  are  extensively  exported. 
The  Corning  and  Blossburg  railroad  meets  the 
New  York  and  Erie  railroad  in  this  co.  Drained 
by  Conhocton  and  Tioga  rivers,  and  their  branch- 
es. Crooked  and  Seneca  lakes  lie  on  its  n. 
k.  part.  Iron  ore  and  some  mineral  springs 
are  found.  Capital,  Bath.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  43,476,  sheep  149,133,  swine  34,309  ; 
wheat  390,275  bush,  produced,  rye  13,929,  Ind. 
corn  102,974,  buckwheat  80,311,  barley  23,543, 
oats  397,980,  potatoes  590,959,  sugar  341,948 
pounds  ;  101  stores,  cap.  $313,100  ;  19  fulling  m., 

3  woollen  fac,  31  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  4 
flouring  m.,  38  grist  m.,  267  saw  m.,  3  oil  m.,  1 
paper  fac,  3  printing  offices,  3  weekly  news- 
papers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $337,790.  4  acad. 
384  students,  339  sch.  15,318  scholars.  Pop. 
46,138. 

Steuben,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  N.  E. 
corner  of  the  state,  and  contains  225  sq.ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Pigeon  r.,  and  Crooked  and  Fish  creeks. 
Organized  in  1837.  Capital,  Angola.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,031,  sheep  873,  swine 
2,762;  wheat  22,149  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
31,906,  oats  26,940,  potatoes  15,866,  tobacco 
1,177  pounds,  sugar  16,043 ;  6  stores,  cap.  $1,700  ; 

4  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  pottery,  3  grist  m.,  8 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $31,034.  17  sch. 
429  scholars.     Pop.  2,578. 

Steuben,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  119  E. 
Augusta,  701  W.  Bounded  by  Narraguagus  bay 
on  the  s.  E.,  and  Goldsborough  Harbor  bay  on 
the  s.  w.  Dyer's  bay  and  Pigeon  Hill  bay  set 
up  from  the  Atlantic,  which  bounds  it  on  the  s. 
Narraguagus  r.  runs  on  its  e.  border.  It  has  sev- 
eral good  harbors,  considerable  navigation  en- 
gaged in  the  coasting  trade  and  fisheries,  and 
some  ship  building.  Incorporated  in  1795.  It 
has  4  stores,  cap.  $1,425;  1  fulling  m.,  9  sch.  217 
scholars.    Pop.  884. 

Steuben,  p-t.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  101  w.  N.  w. 
Albany,  407  W.  The  surface  is  hilly;  soil, 
moist  clay  loam,  adapted  to  grass.  Drained  by 
Cincinnati  cr.,  and  by  tributaries  of  Mohawk  r. 
Butter  and  cheese  are  extensively  exported.  It 
has  1  store,  cap.  $3,000 ;  2  tanneries,  5  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,900.  20  sch.  639  scholars. 
Pop.  1,993. 

Steuben,  p-v.,  Greenfield  t.,  Huron  co.,  O.,  87 
n.  by  e.  Columbus,  399  W.  It  contains  3  stores 
and  about  125  inhabitants. 

Steuben,  t.,  Steuben  co.,  la.  It  has  1  sch.  26 
scholars.    Pop.  148. 

Steubenville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jefferson  co., 
O.,  141  e.  n.  E.  Columbus,  264  W.  Situated  on 
the  w.  bank  of  Ohio  r.  Laid  out  in  1798,  with 
streets  crossing  each  other  at  right  angles.  In- 
corporated in  1905,  and  contains  6  churches,  an 
elegant  town  house,  with  a  market  in  the  lower 
story,  a  bank,  an  academy,  30  stores,  1  steam 
paper  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  3  carpet  fac,  2  cotton 
fac,  3  iron  foundries,  3  steam  engine  fac,  1  brass 
foundry,  3  machine  shops,  3  steam  flouring  m.,  1 
silver  plating  fac,  1  steam  saw  m.,  2  breweries, 
3  copperas  Fac,  1  comb  fac,  1  chemical  fee,  1 
ropewalk,  1  boat  yard,  2  printing  offices,  each  is- 
suing a  weekly  newspaper,  and  about  700  dwell- 
ings. There  are  in  the  t.  29  stores,  cap.  $55,600 ; 
1  furnace,  1  woollen  fee,  2  tanneries,  2  brew- 


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636 


STO 


eries,  1  paper  fac,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly- 
newspapers,  4  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $221,050.  1  college,  208  students,  1 
acad.  30  students,  5  sch.  591  scholars.    Pop.  5,203. 

Steubenville,  p-v.,  Steuben  co.,  la.,  170  n. 
n.  E.  Indianapolis,  545  W. 

Stevensburg,  p-v.,  Culpepper  co.,  Va.,  91  n. 
n.  w.  Richmond,  82  W. 

Stevensburg,  p-v.,  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  91  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  633  W. 

Stevens'  Plains,  p-o.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me., 
53  s.  vv.  Augusta,  548  W. 

Stevensville,  p-v.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  159  n. 
by  e.  Harrisburg,  269  W. 

Stevensville,  p-v.,  King  and  Queen  co.,  Va., 
48  n.  e.  Richmond,  136  W. 

Stewart,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  n. 
toward  the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  575 
sq.  ms.  Tennessee  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border,  and 
Cumberland  r.  passes  through  it,  by  numerous 
small  branches  of  both  of  which  it  is  drained.  The 
2  large  rivers  give  it  a  ready  access  to  market. 
Capital,  Dover.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
9,285,  sheep  6,999,  swine  32,731 ;  wheat  27,274 
bush,  produced,  Indian  corn  443,470,  oats  60,631, 
potatoes  7,352,  tobacco  993,495  pounds ;  3  fur- 
naces, 3  forges,  4  tanneries.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$9,500.  8  sch.  215  scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,317, 
slaves  2,117,  free  col'd  153;  total,  8,587. 

Stewart,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  w. 
toward  the  s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  682 
sq.  ms.  Chattahoochee  r.  bounds  it  on  the  w., 
by  branches  of  which,  and  by  Kitchafoona  r. 
and  its  branches,  which  flow  into  Flint  r.,  it  is 
drained.  Capital,  Lumpkin.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  20,766,  sheep  2,596,  swine  34,422 ; 
wheat  13,114  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  393,640, 
oats  21,265,  potatoes  46,340,  cotton  4,931,937 
pounds  ;  1  tannery.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $500.  2 
acad.  162  students,  10  sch.  315  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  8,174,  slaves  4,741,  free  col'd  18;  total, 
12,933. 

Stewart's,  p-o.,  Choctaw  co.,  Miss.,  92  n.  n. 
e.  Jackson,  963  W. 

Stewartsboro',  p-v.,  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn., 
20  s.  e.  Nashville,  679  W.  Situated  on  Stone  r., 
a  branch  of  Cumberland  r.,  and  contains  about 
100  inhabitants. 

Stewart's  Creek,  p-o.,  Lewis  co.,  Va.,  321 
w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  289  W. 

Stewart's  Draft,  p-o.,  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  115 
w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  157  W. 

Stewart's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Davidson  co.,  Tenn., 
10  Nashville,  674  W. 

Stewartstown,  p-t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H.,  148  n. 
Concord,  609  W.  Bounded  n.  w.  and  w.  by 
Connecticut  r.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  fer- 
tile, particularly  on  the  borders  of  Connecticut,  r. 
Great  and  Little  Diamond  ponds,  in  the  e.  part, 
flow  e.  into  a  branch  of  Androscoggin  r.  Drained 
by  Bishop's  brook  and  its  branches,  which  flow 
into  Connecticut,  r.  The  Connecticut,  opposite 
to  this  t.,  is  about  15  rods  wide.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $2,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,050.  5  sch.  185  scholars. 
Pop.  630. 

Stewartstown,  p-o.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  44  s.  by 
E.  Harrisburg,  82  W. 

Stewartstown,  p-v.,  Richmond  co.,  N.  C, 
137  s.  w.  Raleigh,  422  W. 

Stewartsville,  p-v.,  Greenwich  t.,  Warren 
co.,  N.  J.,  56  n.  n.  w.  Trenton,  207  W.  Situated 
on  Merritt's  branch  of  Pohatcong  creek,  about  1 
mile  s.  of  the  Morris  canal.  It  contains  a  store 
and  about  12  dwellings. 

Stewartsvilee,  p-v.,  Richmond  co.,  N.  C, 
107  s.  w.  Raleigh,  403  W. 


Stilesville,  p-v.,  Hendricks  co.,  la.,  28  w. 
Indianapolis,  599  W.  Situated  on  the  national 
road,  and  contains  1  store  and  about  75  inhabit- 
ants. 

Still  Valley,  p-v.,  Greenwich  t.,  Warren 
co.,  N.  J.,  48  n.  N.  w.  Trenton,  204  W. 

Stillwater,  p-t.,  Saratoga  co.,  N.  Y.,  20  n. 
Albany,  392  W.  The  surface  is  level  or  undu- 
lating ;  soil,  clay  loam  on  the  E.,  sandy  loam  on 
the  w.  Drained  by  Anthony's  kill  and  other 
small  streams,  flowing  into  Hudson  r.,  which 
bounds  it  on  the  E.  In  the  n.  part  of  the  t.  is  the 
battle  ground  where  Burgoyne  was  captured  by 
the  Americans,  under  Gen.  Gates,  Oct.  7th,  1777. 
The  traveller  often  surveys  its  localities  with 
deep  interest,  as  this  great  event  nearly  decided 
the  question  of  American  independence.     It  has 

11  stores,  cap.  $24,150;  1  cotton  fac.  $2,028  sp., 

3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $57,600. 
2  acad.  173  students,  8  sch.  339  scholars.  Pop. 
2,733. 

Stillwater,  p-t.,  Sussex  co.,  N.  J.,  77  n. 
Trenton,  234  W.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  on 
the  n.  w.  mountainous  ;  soil,  calcareous  loam 
and  slate,  and  fertile.  Drained  by  Paulinskill 
cr.  and  a  tributary  of  it,  flowing  from  Swartout's 
pond.     It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $12,000;  2  tanneries, 

4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $32,675. 

12  sch.  300  scholars.     Pop.  1,476.     . 
Stillwater,  p-o.,  Tuscarawas  co.,  O.,  103  E. 

n.  E.  Columbus,  302  W.  The  stream  which  gives 
to  it  its  name  is  a  branch  of  Tuscarawas  r.,  af- 
fording extensive  water  power,  and  having  salt 
springs  on  its  banks,  and  entering  the  r.  a  few 
ms.  below  New  Philadelphia. 

Stillwell,  p-o.,  Hanover  t.,  Butler  co.,  O., 
Ill  w.  s.  w.  Columbus,  501  W. 

Stinnett's,  p-o.,  Pope  co.,  Ark.,  89  n.  w.  Lit- 
tle Rock,  1,154  W. 

Stipp's  Hill,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  la.,  64  e.  s. 
e.  Indianapolis,  530  W. 

Stockbridge,  p-t.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  42  s.  by 
w.  Montpelier,  475  W.  The  surface  is  elevated 
and  uneven ;  soil,  well  adapted  to  grazing. 
White  r.  passes  through  its  n.  part,  and  in  one 
place  is  compressed  into  a  channel  only  a  few 
feet  wide,  where  it  affords  good  water  power. 
Watered  by  a  branch  of  Tweed  r.  Steatite  or 
soapstone  is  found  in  considerable  quantities. 
Chartered  in  1761  ;  first  settled  in  1785  ;  organ- 
ized in  1792.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $16,000;  2 
fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  7 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $30,500.  10  sch.  437 
scholars.     Pop.  1,418. 

Stockbridge,  p-t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  133 
w.  Boston,  363  W.  The  surface  is  moderately 
uneven,  with  extensive  alluvial  meadows  ;  soil, 
generally  fertile,  especially  on  the  streams.  Wa- 
tered by  Housatonic  r.  Marble  and  limestone 
are  extensively  found.  The  v.  is  pleasantly  sit- 
uated on  a  plain,  on  the  n.  side  of  Housatonic  r., 
and  contains  1  Congregational  and  1  Baptist 
church,  a  bank,  an  academy,  and  about  40  dwell- 
ings, many  of  them  handsome.  There  is  another 
Congregational  church  n.  w.  of  the  v.  A  tribe 
of  Indians  resided  here  from  1735,  until  their  re- 
moval to  Oneida,  N.  Y.,  in  1788,  on  a  reservation 
of  6  miles  square.  There  are  in  the  t.  8  stores, 
cap.  $25,200 ;  2  cotton  fac.  3,800  sp.,  1  furnace,  2 
tanneries,  1  grist  m..  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$196,375.     12  sch.  322  scholars.     Pop.  1,992. 

Stockbridge,  p-t.,  Madison  co.,  N.  Y.,  5  n.  e. 
Morrisville,  113  w.  by  n.  Albany,  366  W.  The 
surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  fertile,  generally  well 
cultivated.  Drained  by  Oneida  creek.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $26,000  ;  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries 
1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.    Cap.  in  man- 


STO 


637 


STO 


Stock  C  rkkk,  p-o. 
w.  Richmond,  423  W 


ufac.  $17,900.     1  acad.  33  students,  13  sell.  717 
scholars.     Pop.  2,3 10. 

Stockbridge,  p-t.,  Ingham  co.,  Mich.  Fop. 
385. 

Stockbridce.  p-v.,  Calumet  co.,  Wis.,  121  n. 
e.  Madison,  963  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of 
Winnebago  lake. 

Scott  co.,  Va.,  300  w.  s. 
The   creek   here   flows 
through  a  remarkable  natural  tunnel. 

Stockholm,  p  t..  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.  Y.,223 
N.  N.  w.  Albany,  507  W.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  somewhat  stony;  soil,  a  fertile  mold,  and 
heavily  timbered.  Drained  by  St.  Regis  r.  and 
its  tributaries.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $20,000;  2 
fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  pottery,  2 
grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,050. 
11  sch.  799  scholars.     Pop.  2,995. 

Stockholm,  p-v.,  Passaic  co.,  N.  J.,  95  n.  n. 
e.  Trenton,  263  W.  Situated  on  Pequannock 
cr.,  at  the  foot  of  Wallkill  mountains. 

Stock  land,  p-o.,  St.  Cha  es  co.,  Mo.,  98  e. 
by  n.  Jefferson  City,  840  W. 

Stockport,  p-t.,  Columbia  co.,  N.  Y.,  5  n. 
Hudson,  24  s.  Albany,  346  W.  The  surface  is 
uneven  ;  soil,  clay  and  sandy  loam,  well  adapted 
to  grass,  with  a  fertile  alluvion  in  the  valleys. 
Drained  by  Kinderhook  cr.,  which  affords  water 
power,  and  flows  into  Hudson  r.,  which  bounds 
ft  on  the  w.  Columbiaville  is  the  name  of  a 
manufacturing  v.  There  are  in  the  t.  1 1  stores, 
cap.  $17,400  ;  3  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  3  cot- 
ton fac.  7,263  sp.,  1  tannery,  1  paper  fac,  1  flour- 
ing m.,  1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $314,700.  1 
acad.  22  students,  5  sch.  356  scholars.  Pop 
1,815. 

Stockport,  p-v.,  Buckingham  t,  Wayne  co., 
Pa.,  150  n.  Philadelphia,  191  N.  e.  Harrisburg,  287 
W.     Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Delaware  r. 

Stockport,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  O.,  82  e.  by  s 
Columbus,  326  W.  • 

Stockton,  p-t.,  Chautauque  co.,  N.  Y.,  7  e. 
Mayville,  331  w.  by  s.  Albany,  338  W.  The 
surface  is  undulating ;  soil,  moist  clay  on  the  up- 
lands, and  a  fertile  alluvion  in  the  valleys. 
Drained  by  Bear  cr.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $6,000 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  7  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $20,465.  14  sch.  761  scholars. 
Pop.  2,078. 

Stockton,  p-o.,  Baldwin  co.,  Ala.,  192  s. Tus- 
caloosa, 934  W 

Stock  Township,  p-t.,  Harrison  co.,  O.,  113 
E."  n.  e.  Columbus,  296  W.  The  name  of  the  t. 
is  Stock,  but  the  above  is  the  name  of  the  post- 
office,  situated  toward  the  N.  w.  part  of  the  co. 
It  has  5  sch.  177  scholars.  Pop.  935. 
Stockville,  p-v.,  Buncombe  co.,  N.  C. 
Stoddard,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the  s.  E. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  900  square  miles. 
White  Water  r.  runs  on  its  e.  border,  and  St. 
Francis  r.  bounds  it  on  the  w.  The  surface  in  the 
N.  part  is  broken,  level  on  the  s.  It  has  exten- 
sive prairies  and  swamps.  Capital,  Bloomfield. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,930,  sheep 
1,294,  swine  20,356 ;  wheat  7,506  bushels  pro- 
duced, Indian  corn  255,973,  oats  7,005,  potatoes 
6,589,  cotton  8,135  pounds;  12  stores,  capital 
$12  480  ;  2  distilleries,  7  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $1,555.  3  sch.  80  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
3,081,  slaves  71,  free  col'd  1 ;  total,  3,153. 

Stoddard, p-t,  Cheshire  co.,  N.  H.,  44  s.  w 
Concord,  448  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous 
and  rocky,  occupying  the  height  of  land  between 
Connecticut  and  Merrimac  rivers,  its  streams 
flowing  into  both.  The  soil  is  well  adapted  to 
grazing.  Incorporated  in  1774.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $2,800 ;   2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 


(  ap.  in  manufac.  $25,655.     13  sch.  295  scholar!. 

Pro.  1,006. 

Stoddartsvii.i  k.  |i  v..  Covington  t., Mount 
co..  Pa.,  188  n.  k.  by  k.  Harrisburg.  MS  W.  It 
has  1  store,  1  mill,  and  5  or  6  dwelling*. 

Stokes,  county,  N.  C.  situated  in  the  n., 
toward  the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  836 
sq.  ms.  Drained  by  Yadkin  r.  and  a  branch  of 
Dan  r.  The  surface  is  hilly;  soil,  fertile.  Capi- 
tal, Germanton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  < 
1 1,588,  sheep  11,963,  swine  31,017  ;  wheat  7  I 
bush,  prod.,  rye  8,347,  Indian  corn  423,970,  oats 
107,756,  potatoes  16,129,  tobacco  596,103  lbs. ;  cot- 
ton 56,481  ;  23  stores,  cap.  $81,000 ;  1  furnace,  6 
forges,  1  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  2,000  sp.,  8 
tanneries,  140  distilleries,  3  potteries,  5  flouring 
m.,  40  grist  m.,  26  saw  m.,  10  oil  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $196,979.  2  acad.  228  students,  13  sch. 
317  scholars.  Pop.  whites  13,418,  slaves  2,682, 
free  col'd  165 ;  total,  16,265. 

Stokes,  t.,  Madison  co.,  O.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $1,000  ;  6  sch.  305  scholars.     Pop.  770. 

Stokes,  p-o.,  Lee  t.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  115  w. 
N.  w.  Albany,  399  W. 

Stone  Arabia,  p-v.,  Palatine  t,  Montgomery 
co.,  N.  Y.,  57  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  400  W.  It  con- 
tains a  Dutch  Reformed  church,  erected  in  1788, 
and  a  Lutheran  church,  built  in  1791,  and  about 
15  dwellings.  It  is  one  of  the  oldest  settlements 
in  the  county. 

Stone,  t.,  Hamilton  co.,  O.  It  has  1  sch.  30 
scholars.     Pop.  740. 

Stone  Church,  p-o.,  Bergen  t.,  Genesee  co., 
N.  Y.,  240  w.  Albany,  375  W. 

Stone  Church,  p-o.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa., 
121  E.  N.  e.  Harrisburg,  214  W. 

Stoneham,  t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.  It  has  5  sch. 
146  scholars.    Pop.  313. 

Stoneham,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  10  s. 
Boston,  450  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  and 
rocky ;  soil,  fertile,  and  extensively  covered  with 
wood.  Spotpond,  in  the  s.  part  of  the  t.,  covers 
283  acres.  The  v.,  in  the  centre,  contains  a  Con- 
gregational church,  and  about  40  dwellings. 
More  than  half  the  inhabitants  of  the  t.  are  em- 
ployed in  the  manufacture  of  shoes.  It  has  5 
stores,  cap.  $6,600;  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $29,110.  6  sch. 
251  scholars.     Pop.  1,017. 

Stonelick,  t.,  Clermont  co.,  O.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $1,800;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,250.  4  sch.  160  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,477. 

Stone  Mills,  p-o.,  Orleans  t.,  Jefferson  co., 
N.  Y.,  176  n.  w.  Albany,  426  W. 

Stone  Mountain,  p-o.,  De  Kalb  co.,  Ga.,  94 
N.  w.  Milledgeville,  668  W. 

Stone  Ridge,  p-v.,  Marbletown  t.,  Ulster  co., 
N.  Y.,  97  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  315  W.  It  contains  1 
church,  4  stores,  1  tannery,  and  about  25  dwell- 
ings. 

Stoner's  Store,  p-o.,  Roanoke  co.,  Va.,  157 
w.  by  s.  Richmond,  236  W. 

Stonerstown,  p-v.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  100  w. 
by  s.  Harrisburg,  126  W. 

Stonesville,  p-v.,  Greenville  dist.,  S.  C,  97 
N.  w.  Columbia,  493  W. 

Stone  Wall  Mills,  p-o.,  Buckingham  co., 
Va.,  110  w.  Richmond,  196  W.  Situated  on 
James  r.,  15  miles  below  Lynchburg,  and  con- 
tains 2  stores,  and  about  30  inhabitants. 

Stonington.  p-t.,  New  London  co.,  Ct.,  12  e. 
New  London,  60  s.  E.  Hartford,  355  W.  The 
surface  is  uneven  and  rocky  ;  soil,  fertile,  adapt- 
ed to  grazing.  Watered  by  Mystic  and  Pawca- 
tuck  rivers,  which  afford  water  power.  It  con- 
tains 3  villages,  and  has  3  churcnes— 2  Congre- 


STO 


638 


STO 


gational  and  1  Baptist.  At  the  head  of  the  Mys- 
tic is  a  v.  which  contains  about  20  dwellings. 
The  borough,  or  principal  v.,  is  on  a  rocky  point 
of  land,  which  projects  half  a  mile  into  the  E.end 
of  Long  Island  sound,  and  has  a  good   harbor, 

Erotected  by  a  breakwater,  constructed  by  the 
United  States  at  an  expense  of  $50,000.  It  con- 
tains 2  churches,  2  academies,  a  bank,  150  dwell- 
ings, and  about  1,000  inhabitants.  It  has  con- 
siderable navigation,  employed  chiefly  in  the 
whaling  and  sealing  business.  A  railroad  con- 
nects this  place  with  Providence,  which,  with 
the  Long  Island  railroad,  not  yet  completed,  will 
form  the  most  direct  route  from  New  York  to 
Boston.  There  are  in  the  t.  18  stores,  cap. 
$49,300  ;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $11,500 ;  1  fulling 
m.,  4  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  4  grist  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $36,025.  2  acad.  103  students,  15  sch. 
807  scholars.     Pop.  3,893. 

Stony  Brook,  p-v.,  Brookhaven  t.,  Suffolk 
co.,  N.  Y.,  197  s.  s.  e.  Albany,  277  W.  Situated 
on  the  N.  side  of  Long  Island,  and  has  a  good 
harbor,  accessible  at  all  seasons  of  the  year.  It 
contains  1  Methodist  church,  several  stores,  1 
grist  m.,  1  fulling  m.  and  cloth-dressing  works, 
a  piano-forte  fac,  60  dwellings,  and  400  in- 
habitants. Ship-building  is  extensively  carried 
on. 

Stony  Creek,  p-t.,  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  12  n.  e. 
Somerset.  The  Alleghany  mountain  is  on  its  E. 
border.  Drained  by  Stony  cr.  and  its  branches. 
Iron  ore  is  abundant.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$2,000 ;  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  2  distilleries, 
6  grist  m.,  15  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,930. 
3  sch.  77  scholars.    Pop.  1,218. 

Stony  Creek,  p-o.,  Shenandoah  co.,  Va.,  154 
N.  w.  by  n.  Richmond,  109  W. 

Stony  Creek,  p-o.,  Caswell  co.,  N.  C,  79  n. 
w.  Raleigh,  231  W. 

Stony  Creek,  t.,  Henry  co.,  la.  It  has  1 
sch.  30  scholars.    Pop.  1,242. 

Stony  Creek,  t.,  Randolph  co.,  la.  It  has  4 
sch.  95  scholars.     Pop.  951. 

Stony  Creek  Warehouse,  p-o.,  Sussex  co., 
Va.,  42  s.  s.  e.  Richmond,  161  W. 

Stony  Gap,  p-o.,  Stanly  co.,  N.  C,  124  w.  s. 
w.  Raleigh,  398  W. 

Stony  Hill,  p-o.,  Albany  co.,  N.  Y.,  9  Al- 
bany, 379  W. 

Stony  Hill,  p-o.,  Richmond  co.,  Va.,  71  n.  e. 


Brunswick  co.,  Va.,  72  s. 


Richmond,  118 

Stony  Mount,  p-o. 
s.  w.  Richmond,  191  W. 

Stony  Point,  Orange  co.,  N.  Y.,  is  a  high 
rocky  promontory,  at  the  head  of  Haverstraw 
bay,  in  Hudson  r.,  on  which  was  a  fort,  in  the 
revolutionary  war,  bravely  taken  by  storm  from 
the  British,  in  1779,  by  the  Americans,  under 
Gen.  Wayne.  A  light-house  has  been  erected 
on  the  site  of  the  old  fort. 

Stony  Point,  p-o.,  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  81  w. 
N.  w.Richmond,  111  W. 

Stony  Point,  p-o.,  Iredell  co.,  N  C,  159  w. 
Raleigh,  396  W. 

Stony  Point,  p-o.,  Abbeville  dist.,  S.  C,  82 
w.  Columbia,  512  W. 

Stony  Point,  p-o.,  Wilkes  co.,  Ga.,  96  n.  e. 
Milledgeville,  584  W. 

Stony  Point,  p-o.,  East  Baton  Rouge  par.,  La., 
100  n.  w.  New  Orleans,  1,142  W. 

Stony  Point  Mills,  p-o.,  Cumberland  co., 
Va.,  53  w.  Richmond,  148  W. 

Stony  Ridge,  p-o.,  Surry  co.,  N.  C. 

Stony  Ridge,  p-o.,  Wood  co.,  O.,  128  n.  n. 
w.  Columbus,  445  W. 

Stony  Run,  p-o.,  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  49  n.  w. 
Detroit,  573  W. 


Storeville,  p-v.,  Anderson  dist.,  S.  C,  117 
w.  n.  w.  Columbia,  514  W. 

Stormville,  p-o.,  Fishkill  t.,  Dutchess  co., 
N.  Y.,  90s.  Albany,  301  W. 

Stouchhurg,  p-o.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  34  e.  Har- 
risburg,  147  W. 

Stoughtstown,  p-v.,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa., 
29  w.  s.  w.  Harrisburg,  108  W.  It  contains  a 
store  and  12  dwellings. 

Stoughton,  p-t.,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  20  s. 
Boston,  428  W.  Drained  by  head  waters  of  Ne- 
ponset  r.  The  v.  contains  4  churches — 1  Con- 
gregational, 1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Univer- 
salis!— 1  woollen  fac.  and  2  cotton  fac.  Boots 
and  shoes  are  extensively  manufactured.  There 
was  formerly  a  v.  of  Christian  Indians  in  the  t. 
There  are  in  the  1. 11  stores,  cap.  $15,600;  1  full- 
ing m.,  1  woollen  fac,  3  cotton  fac  530  sp.,  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $105,210.  10  sch. 
622  scholars.    Pop.  2,142. 

Stout's,  p-o.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  102  e.  n. 
e.  Harrisburg,  191  W. 

Stout's,  p-o.,  Blount  co.,  Ala.,  93  n.  e.  Tus- 
caloosa, 750  W. 

Stout's,  p-o.,  Adams  co.,  O.,  118  s.  by  w. 
Columbus,  456  W. 

Stow,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  74  w.  Augusta, 
531  W.  Bounded  w.  by  N.  H.  It  contains  sev- 
eral ponds,  the  outlets  of  which  flow  into  Saco 
r.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  6  sch.  156  scholars. 
Pop.  376. 

Stow,  p-t.,  Lamoille  county,  Vt.,  22  n.  n.  w. 
Montpelier,  535  W.  The  surface  is  level,  between 
2  mountains;  soil,  fertile.  Drained  by  Water- 
bury  r.  and  its  branches,  which  flow  s.into  Onion 
r.,  and  afford  water  power.  First  settled  in  1793, 
organized  in  1797.  The  religious  denominations 
are  Congregationalists,  Baptists,  Christians,  and 
Universalists.  The  central  v.  contains  a  hand- 
some church,  and  a  number  of  dwellings.  There 
are  in  the  t.  4  stores,  cap.  $14,500;  2  fulling  m., 
1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  6  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $24,735.  12  sch.  447  scholars. 
Pop.  1,371. 

Stow,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  25  w.  by  n. 
Boston,  427  W.  Watered  by  Assabet  r.,  which 
affords  water  power.  The  soil  is  light  and  sandy. 
Hops  are  extensively  cultivated.  It  contains  a 
Congregational  church.  Chartered  in  1683.  It 
has  5  stores,  cap.  $9,600 ;  2  woollen  fac,  1  tan- 
nery, 4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$101,200.  2  acad.  50  students,  5  sch.  300  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,230. 

Stow,  p-t.,  Summit  co.,  O.,  131  n.  e.  Colum- 
bus, 329  W.  Drained  by  Cuyahoga  r.,  which  af- 
fords water  power.  The  soil  is  a  sandy  loam, 
and  fertile,  and  well  cultivated.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $16,000;  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $52,650.  1  acad.  37  students, 
13  sch.  337  scholars.    Pop.  1,533. 

Stow  Creek,  t.,  Cumberland  co.,  N.  J.,  7  n. 
w.  Bridgeton.  The  surface  is  level  or  rolling ; 
soil,  clay,  loam,  sand,  and  gravel.  Drained  by 
Newport  cr.,  on  its  s.  border.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$3,000 ;  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$32,220.     4  sch.  100  scholars.     Pop.  846. 

Stowsville,  p-v.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.  C,  180  w. 
by  s.  Raleigh,  419  W. 

Stow's  Square,  p-o.,  Lowville  t.,  Lewis  co., 
N.  Y.,  140  n.  w.  Albany,  439  W. 

Stoystown,  p-b.,  Quemahoning  t.,  Somerset 
co.,  Pa.,  131  w.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  157  W.  Situa- 
ted on  Stony  creek,  and  contains  1  German  Re- 
formed church,  3  stores,  cap.  $13,000  ;  2  tanner- 
ies, 2  distilleries,  6  grist  m.,  15  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufactures  $12,980.  1  sch.  100  scholars.  Pop. 
357. 


STR 


639 


STR 


Strabane,  t.,  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  6  n.  k.  Gettys- 
burg.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  slate.  Drained 
by  Conewago  creek  and  its  branches.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $6,500;  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1 
flouring  m.,  1  grist  in.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $7,500.     Pop.  1,376. 

Strabane,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  ;  soil,  loam.  Drained  by  Charter's 
and  Little  Chartier's  crs.,  which  unite  on  Us  N. 
w.  boundary.  It  has  2  stores,  capital  $1,500;  1 
grist  m  ,  2  H«  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,300.  7 
KCh.  HO  scholars.     Pop.  1,075. 

S  ikahank,  p-v.,  Lenoir  co.,  N.  C,  73  s.  E.  Ra- 
leigh, 308  W. 

8  i  it  afford,  county,  N.  H.  Situated  in  the  s. 
B.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  500  sq.  miles. 
Salmon  Falls,  or  Piscataqua  r.,  bounds  it  on  the 
E.,  separating  it  from  Maine.  Drained  by  Lam- 
prey, Cocheco,  and  Isinglass  rs.  The  surface  is 
various  ;  soil,  generally  productive.  Capital, 
Dover.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  57.593, 
sheep  85,854,  swine  26,717  ;  wheat  99,698  bush, 
produced,  rye  38,525,  Indian  corn  250,427,  buck- 
wheat 2,020,  barley  22,620,  oats  101,578,  potatoes 
1,288.409,  sugar  18J,150  pounds;  247  stores,  cap. 
8482,131 ;  37  fulling  m.,  10  woollen  fac,  17  cot- 
ton fac.  93,961  sp.,  3  furnaces,  46  tanneries,  1  dis- 
tillery. 1  pottery,  5  printing  offices,  4  binderies,  3 
weekly  newspapers,  1  periodical,  86  grist  m.,  115 
saw  m.,  4  oil  m.     Capital  in  manufac.  $2,674,874. 

1  college  26  students,  12  acad.  1,339  students,  483 
sch.  19,836  scholars.     Pop.  61,127. 

Strafford,  p-t.,  Strafford  co.,  N.  H.,  25  e.  n. 
e.  Concord,  506  W.  Blue  hill  crosses  its  n.  part. 
The  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Bow  pond,  in  its 
s.  w.  part,  650  rods  long  and  400  wide,  gives  rise 
to  Isinglass  r.,  which  waters  its  s.  part.  Drained 
in  its  n.  part  by  branches  of  Suncook  r.  Incor- 
porated in  1820.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $7,800;  1 
saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac.  $1,200.  1  acad.  85 
students,  18  sch.  776  scholars.     Pop.  2,021. 

Strafford,  p-t.,  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  34  s.  s.  e. 
Montpelier,  502  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ; 
soil,  fertile,  adapted  to  grazing.  Watered  by  a 
branch  of  Ompompanoosuc  r..  which  affords  wa- 
ter power.  In  the  s.  e.  corner  is  a  bed  of  sul- 
phuret  of  iron,  from  which  large  quantities  of  cop- 

{)eras  are  manufactured.  The  bed  is  half  a  mile 
ong  and  3  rods  wide,  and  of  an  unknown  depth. 
Several  hundred  tons  are  produced  annually.  It 
has  3  stores,  cap.  $1,200 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery, 

2  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,850. 
13  sch.  620  scholars.     Pop.  1,762. 

Strafford  Corners,  p-o.,  Strafford  co.,  N.  H. 

Strait  Creek,  p-o.,  Brown  co.,  O.,  Ill  s.  w. 
by  s.  Columbus,  470  W. 

Strait's  Lake,  p-o.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  33 
N.  w.  Detroit,  557  W. 

Straitsville,  p-o.,  New  Haven  co.,  Ct,  50 
s.  Hartford,  314  W. 

Strasburg,  p-t.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  46  e.  s.  e. 
Harrisburg,  120  W.  The  surface  is  rolling  and 
hilly  ;  soil,  calcareous  loam.  Pecquea  cr.  runs  on 
its  n.  and  w.  boundary,  and  affords  water  power. 
Drained  by  Little  Beaver  cr.  The  v.  is  8  m.  e. 
Lancaster,  and  contains  1  church,  an  academy,  6 
stores,  and  about  145  dwellings.  The  t  has  10 
stores,  cap.  $64,000 ;  4  tanneries,  8  distilleries,  10 
flouring  m.,  8  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $21 1,800.    8  sch.  320  scholars.    Pop.  4,155. 

Strasburg,  p-v.,  Shenandoah  co.,  Va.,  153  n. 
w.  Richmond,  92  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  branch 
of  Shenandoah  r.,  and  contains  3  churches — 1 
Presbyterian,  1  Lutheran,  and  1  free  to  all  de- 
nominations—4  stores,  1  stoneware  fac,  numer- 
ous mechanic  shops,  and  about  500  inhabitants, 
who  are  chiefly  Germans. 


S'ik Asiunu;,  p-v.,  Wayne  t.,  Tuscarawas  co., 
O.,  115  k.  n.  k.  Columbus,  321  II 

Stratford,  p-t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  II.,  116  n.  Con- 
cord, 577  W.  Connecticut  r.  bounds  it  on  the 
w.,  along  which  is  fertile  intervals.  Drained  by 
Bog  brook,  and  other  small  streams  flowing  into 
Connecticut  r.,  and  Nash's  stream,  a  branch  of 
Upper  Ammonoosuc  r.  The  surface  is  uneven 
and  rough ;  soil,  gravelly  and  cold.  It  has  1  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.  C  ap.  in  manufac.  $2,200.  7  sch. 
200scholurs.    Pop.  411. 

Stratford,  p-t.,  Fairfield  co.,  CW,  50  s.  w. 
Hartford,  237  W.  The  surface  is  generally  level ; 
soil,  fertile,  particularly  on  the  Housatonic  river, 
which  bounds  it  on  the  e.  The  v.  is  pleasantly 
situated  at  the  mouth  of  the  Housatonic,  chiefly 
on  1  street  a  mile  long,  parallel  to  the  river,  and 
contains  5  churches — 1  Congregational,  1  Episco- 
pal, 1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Universalist — 
an  academy,  and  about  200  dwellings,  many  of 
them  neat,  and  ornamented  with  shade  trees. 
The  Episcopal  church  was  founded  in  1723,  and 
is  the  oldest  of  the  denomination  in  the  state.  It 
has  12  stores,  cap.  $23,700 ;  1  lumber  yard,  cap. 
$2,500 ;  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw 
ra.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,000.  1  acad.  36  stu- 
dents, 9  sch.  323  scholars.     Pop.  1,808. 

Stratford,  t.,  Fulton  co.,  N.  Y.,  15  n.  w. 
Johnstown,  60  n.  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is 
hilly  and  mountainous ;  soil,  indifferent,  but 
adapted  to  grazing.  Drained  by  East  Canada 
cr.  and  its  tributaries.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,000 ; 
1  tannery,  1  grist  in.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $18,180.    3  sch.  109  scholars.    Pop.  500. 

Stratham,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.,  41  s. 
e.  by  e.  Concord,  484  W.  The  surface  is  level ; 
soil,  generally  fertile.  It  contains  a  peat  swamp 
in  its  e.  part.  Exeter  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border, 
and  is  navigable.  Incorporated  in  1716.  It  has 
1  store,  cap.  $100;  2  tanneries,  7  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.     3  sch.  142  scholars.     Pop.  875. 

Stratton,  p-t..  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  22  N.  w. 
Brattleboro',  109  s.  by  w.  Montpelier,  436  W. 
The  surface  is  mountainous,  bordering  on  the 
Green  mountain  range ;  soil,  cold,  and  adapted 
chiefly  to  grazing.  A  pond  of  100  acres,  in  the 
s.  part,  discharges  its  waters  into  Deerfield  river, 
which  rises  in  this  t.,  and  another  in  the  N.  w., 
of  the  same  extent,  flows  N.  into  Windhall  r.  It 
contains  a  church,  common  to  Congregationalists 
and  Baptists.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  5  sch. 
132  scholars.     Pop.  311. 

Stratton's  Fall,  p-o.,  Delaware  co.,  N.  Y., 
68  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  349  W. 

Strattonsville,  p-v.,  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  180 
w.  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  269  W.  It  contains  1  store, 
and  about  15  dwellings. 

Strawberry,  t.,  Lawrence  co.,  Ark.  It  has 
1  bcIi.  15  scholars.    Pop.  553. 

Strawberry  Grove,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,  111.,  142 
N.  N.  w.  Springfield,  855  W. 

Strawberry  Island,  N.  Y.  Situated  in  Ni- 
agara river,  about  1  mile  below  Black  Rock.  It 
abounds  with  wild  ducks,  and  affords  fine  fishing 
ground. 

Strawberry  Plains,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co., 
Tenn.,  199  e.  Nashville,  483  W. 

Strawbridge,  p-o.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  49  s.  s.  e. 
Harrisburg,  87  W. 

Strawntown,  p-v.,  Haycock  t.,  Bucks  co., 
Pa.,  108  e.  Harrisburg,  177  W.  It  contains  a 
store,  and  about  14  dwellings. 

Straw  town,  p-v.,  Hamilton  co.,  la.,  27  n.  In- 
dianapolis, 565  W.  Situated  on  While  river.  It 
contains  2  stores,  several  mechanics,  and  a  few 
dwellings. 

Streetsborough,  p-t.,  Portage  co.,  O.,  139  n. 


STU 


640 


SUF 


Pop. 


E.  Columbus,  330  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapt- 
ed to  grazing.  Watered  by  Cuyahoga  river  and 
Tinker's  cr.  It  contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1 
Methodist  church.  It  has  8  sch.  189  scholars. 
983. 

Streets  Run,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  204 
w.  Harrisburg,  203  W. 

Strickersville,  p-v.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  78  e. 
Harrisburg,  230  W. 

Strickland's  Depot,  p-o.,  Duplin  co.,  N.  C. 

Strode's  Mills,  p-o.,  Mifflin  co.,  Pa.,  63  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  154  W. 

Strong,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  43  n.  w.  Au- 
gusta, 632  W.  Sandy  r.  passes  through  it  near 
the  w.  side,  from  n.  to  s.,  and  on  it  is  a  fine  tract 
of  fertile  intervale.  The  surface  is  uneven  on 
the  s. ;  soil,  generally  strong  and  productive.  A 
pond  in  its  E.  part  has  an  outlet  flowing  n.  into 
Seven  Mile  r.,  a  branch  of  Kennebec  r.  It  con- 
tains a  pleasant  v.  Incorporated  in  1801.  It  has 
2  tanneries,  6  sch.  478  scholars.    Pop.  1,109. 

Strongtown,  p-v.,  Wheatley  t.,  Indiana  co., 
Pa.,  141  w.  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  194  W.  It  has  a  store, 
and  6  or  8  dwellings. 

Strongsville,  p-t.,  Cuyahoga  co.,  O.,  131  n. 
n.  e.  Columbus,  361  W.  Watered  by  the  e. 
branch  of  Rocky  r.  The  v.  is  situated  on  a 
branch  of  Rocky  r.,  and  contains  3  churches,  7 
stores,  6  mills,  and  1  wool-carding  and  cloth- 
dressing  works.  The  Congregational  church  is  a 
spacious  and  elegant  building.  There  are  in  the 
t.  7  stores,  cap.  $8,800 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $8,200.  11  sch.  363  scholars.  Pop. 
1,151. 

Strongville,  p-v.,  Breathitt  co.,  Ky.,  133  s. 
E.  Frankfort,  518  W. 

Stroud,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is 
partly  hilly,  partly  level;  soil,  gravel  and  calca- 
reous loam.  Watered  by  Smithfield  cr.,  and  its 
tributaries,  and  by  Cherry  cr.    It  has  1  grist  m., 

4  saw  m.    Pop.  1,206. 

Stroudsburg,  p-b.,  Stroud  t.,  capital  of  Monroe 
co.,  Pa.,  3  n.  w.  Delaware  Water  Gap,  124  n.  e. 
by  E.  Harrisburg,  217  W.  Situated  on  the  n. 
bank  of  Smithfield  cr.  It  is  built  on  one  street, 
and  contains  2  churches — 1  Methodist  and  1 
Friends— 6  stores,  cap.  $26,000 ;  2  printing  offices, 
2  weekly  newspapers,  1  flouring  m.,  2  acad.,  10 
sch.  Pop.  407.  Incorporated  in  1815.  The  sur- 
rounding scenery  is  highly  picturesque. 

Strykersville,  p-v.,  Sheldon  t.,  Wyoming 
co.,  N.  Y.,  270  w.  Albany,  358  W.  Situated  on 
Buffalo  cr.,  and  contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1 
Baptist  church,  2  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m., 
1  tannery,  30  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhab- 
itants. 

Sturbridge,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  61  w. 
s.  w.  Boston,  379  W.  The  surface  is  uneven ; 
soil,  hard  but  fertile.  On  Quinnebaug  r.  there 
are  fine  intervals.  This  r.  rises  in  this  t.,  and 
after  a  circuitous  course  into  several  other  towns, 
returns  to  it  again,  affording  water  power.  The 
v.,  at  the  centre,  contains  1  Congregational  and 
1  Baptist  church,  and  about  30  dwellings.     It  has 

5  stores,  cap.  $14,000;  1  fulling  m.,  5  cotton  fac. 
11,412  sp.,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  8  sawm.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $138,300.  13  sch.  567  scholars.  Pop. 
2,005. 

Sturgeonsville,  p-v.,  Brunswick  co.,  Va.,  83 
e.  s.  w.  Richmond,  199  W. 

Stuyvesant,  p-t.,  Columbia  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  n. 
Hudson,  17  s.  Albany,  351  W.  The  surface  is 
hilly;  soil,  clay,  gravel,  and  loam,  and  fertile. 
Hudson  r.  bounds  it  on  the  w.  The  v.  is  situated 
on  the  e.  side  of  Hudson  r.,  and  was  formerly 
called  Kinderhook  Landing.  It  contains  1  church, 


12  stores  and  storehouses,  and  about  50  dwellings. 
A  steamboat,  barges,  and  several  sloops  ply  be- 
tween this  place  and  New  York.  There  are  in 
the  t.  7  stores,  cap.  $41,450;  2  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$5,500  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac. 
1,600  sp.,  1  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $38,600. 

5  sch.  389  scholars.  Pop.  1,779. 
Stuyvesant  Falls,  p-v.,  Stuyvesant  t.,  Co- 
lumbia co.,  N.  Y.,  27  s.  Albany,  350  W.  Situa- 
ted on  Kinderhook  cr.,  which  here  affords  good 
water  power,  and  contains  3  stores,  1  woollen  fac, 
1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  paper  m.,  and  about  40 
dwellings. 

Stublett's  Tavern,  p-o.,  Powhatan  co.,  Va., 
22  w.  Richmond,  139  W. 

Success,  t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H.,  143  n.  by  E.  Con- 
cord. The  surface  is  uneven.  Drained  by  small 
streams  which  flow  w.  into  Androscoggin  r.,which 
runs  a  little  w.  of  its  w.  border.  One  of  these 
streams  flows  from  a  pond  in  its  e.  part.  Incor- 
porated in  1773. 

Success,  p-o.,  Riverhead  t.,  Suffolk  co.,  N.  Y. 

Suckasunny,  p-v.,  Morris  co.,  N.  J.,  59  n. 
Trenton,  229  W.  It  contains  a  Presbyterian 
church,  a  store,  and  about  15  dwellings. 

Sudbury,  p-t.,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  75  s.  s.  w. 
Montpelier,  465  W.  The  surface  is  elevated  and 
uneven ;  soil,  a  fertile  loam.  Otter  Creek  r.  runs 
on  its  N.  E.  boundary,  by  small  branches  of  which 
it  is  drained.  It  has  several  ponds,  one  of  which 
is  the  source  of  Hubbardton  r.  A  little  w.  of  the 
centre  is  a  small  v.,  which  contains  a  neat  Con- 
gregational church.  Chartered  in  1761.  There 
are  in  the  t.  1  store,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,400.  7  sch.  269  scholars. 
Pop.  796. 

Sudbury,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  20  w.  by 
n.  Boston,  421  W.  Watered  by  Sudbury  r.,  a 
branch  of  Concord  r.  The  land  on  its  borders  is 
low,  and,  to  a  considerable  extent,  is  annually 
overflowed.  It  contains  3  churches — 2  Congre- 
gational and  1  Methodist.  A  v.,  near  the  centre, 
contains  a  Congregational  church,  and  about  30 
dwellings.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $16,500 ;  1  paper 
fac,  4  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,900 ; 

6  sch.  367  scholars.     Pop.  1,422. 
Sudlersville,  p-v.,  Queen  Anne  co.,  Md., 

45  e.  by  s.  Baltimore,  55  e.  by  n.  Annapolis,  95 
W. 

Suffield,  p-t.,  Hartford  co.,  Ct.,  17  n.  Hart- 
ford, 352  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Con- 
necticut r.,  opposite  to  Enfield.  The  surface  is 
diversified  ;  soil,  a  strong,  deep  loam.  The  banks 
of  the  r.  are  elevated,  and  furnish  no  alluvial 
meadows.  It  contains  4  churches — 2  Congrega- 
tional and  2  Baptist.  The  v.  is  situated  on  one 
street,  over  a  m.  long,  on  elevated  ground,  and 
has  a  Congregational  and  a  Baptist  church,  sev- 
eral stores,  and  many  fine  dwellings,  with  a  very 
commanding  prospect.  It  contains  the  "  Con- 
necticut Literary  Institution,"  founded  by  the 
Baptists,  in  1835.  The  edifice  is  of  brick,  72  feet 
long,  and  34  wide,  4  stories  high,  containing  24 
rooms  for  students.  Connected  with  it  are  16 
acres  of  land,  and  a  dwelling  for  the  steward.  It 
has  about  60  or  70  students.  The  t.  was  char- 
tered in  1670,  and  until  1752,  was  under  the  juris- 
diction of  Mass.  It  has  8  stores,  cap.  $32,300;  1 
tannery,  2  paper  fac,  2  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $111,337.  1  acad.  144  students,  11 
sch.  611  scholars.    Pop.  2,669. 

Suffield,  p-t.,  portage  co.,  O.,  13  s.  by  w.  Ra- 
venna, 134  n.  E.  Columbus,  320  W.  It  has  6  sch. 
140  scholars.    Pop.  1,212. 

Suffolk,  county,  Mass.  Situated  in  the  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  consists  of  Boston  and  Chel- 
sea, with  several  islands.     Organized  in  1643, 


SUG 


641 


SUL 


when  it  contained  the  present  counties  of  Suffolk 
and  Norfolk,  with  the  towns  of  Hingham  and 
Hull,  in  Plymouth  eo.  It  now  contains  110  sq. 
in>„  being  the  smallest  county  in  extent  in  the 
state,  but  the  city  of  Boston  renders  it  the  most 
important.  Capital,  Boston.  There  were  in  1840, 
Beat  cattle  70"2,  sheep  87,  swine  738  :  wheat  130 
bush,  produced,  rye  1,23*},  Ind.  com  2,988,  barley 
1,124,  oats  279,  potatoes  21,340;  232  houses  in 
foreign  trade,  cap.  SI  1,696,000 ;  533  stores,  cap. 
$4,213,220;  31  lumber  yards,  cap.  $334,010;  in- 
vested  in  fisheries,  $35,100;  6  furnaces,  1  cotton 
the.  1,100  sp.,  3  tanneries,  17  distilleries,  2  brew- 
cries,  3  glass  fac,  1  pottery,  4  grist  in.,  25  print- 
ing offices,  28  binderies,  7  periodicals,  7  daily,  11 
weekly,  7  semi- weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  §2,825,600.  16  acad.  2,649  students, 
]  !f>  seh.  11,577  scholars.     Pop.  95,773. 

Suffolk,  county,  N.  V.  it  comprehends  the 
k.  part  of  Long  Island,  with  several  considerable 
islands,  the  largest  of  which  are  Shelter,  Gardi- 
ner's, and  Fisher's  islands.  It  contains  973  sq.  ms. 
Peconic  r.  and  some  small  streams  drain  the  co. 
The  surface  is  broken  and  hilly  ;  soil,  sand  and 
sandy  loam.  There  are  extensive  salt  meadows. 
The  Long  Island  railroad  is  designed  to  extend  to 
Greenport,  in  the  w.  E.  part  of  the  co.,  and  is  pro- 
gressing. Salt  is  manufactured,  by  the  evapora- 
tion of  sea- water.  Capital,  Riverhead.  1  here 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  22,236,  sheep  46,751, 
swine  23.534  ;  wheat  105,77.3  bush,  produced,  rye 
79,023,  Ind.  corn  355,314,  buckwheat  12,707,  bar- 
ley 9,460,  oats  258,218,  potatoes  170,236,  hops 
1,834  pounds  ;  188  stores,  cap.  §506,590  ;  23  lum- 
ber yards,  cap.  $53,850 ;  cap.  invested  in  fisheries, 
§444,300 ;  5  fulling  m.,  8  woollen  fac,  2  cotton 
fac.  1,032  sp.,  16  tanneries,  2  potteries,  1  flouring 
m.,  51  grist  m.,  17  saw  m.,  3  paper  fac,  3  printing 
offices,  3  weekly,  1  semi-weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $388,035.  6  acad.  333  students, 
164  sch.  7,872  scholars.     Pop.  32,469. 

Suffolk,  p-v.,  capital  of  Nansemond  co.,  Va., 
28  n.  w.  by  w.  Norfolk,  85  s.  e.  Richmond,  218 
W.  Situated  on  the  E.  side  of  Nansemond  r., 
and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  4  churches — 1 
Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  and  2  Methodist— 20  stores, 
300  dwellings,  and  about  1,500  inhabitants. 

Suffolk,  C.  H.,  Suffolk  co.,  N.  V.,  226  s.  s.  E. 
Albany,  306  W.    (See  Riverhead.) 

Sugar  Creek,  t.  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $5,500;  1  tannery,  4  distilleries,  6 
grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,283.  1 
sch.  26  scholars.    Pop.  1,852. 

Sugar,  cr.,  Sangamon  co.,  III.,  is  a  8.  branch 
of  Sangamon  r. 

Sugar,  cr.,  111.,  rises  in  McDonough  co.,  and 
enters  Illinois  r.  in  Schuyler  co.  There  are  sever- 
al other  small  creeks  of  this  name  in  111. 

Sugar  Creek,  t.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  8  n.  w. 
Franklin.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  a  fertile 
loam.  Bounded  n.  e.  and  e.  by  Sugar  cr.  Coal 
is  abundant.  It  has  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $5,750.  2  sch.  68  scholars.  Pop.  1,093. 
Sugar  Creek,  p-o.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  222  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  296  W. 

Sugar  Creek,  p-o.,  Lawrence  co.,  Tenn.,  91 
s.s.  w.Nashville,  751  W.  '         ^  J 

Sugar  Creek,  t.,  Greene  co.,  O.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $16,000;  1  tannery,  6  distilleries,  9 
flouring  m.,  5  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac $104,000.     Pop.  2,369. 

Sugar  Creek,  t.,  Putnam  co.,  O.,  3d  s.  e.  De- 
fiance.   Pop.  500.  U."  — 

Sugar  Creek,  t.,  Stark  co.,  O.  The  surface 
is  rolling,  and  somewhat  hilly.  It  has  2  sch.  44 
scholars.    Pop.  1,862.  * 

Sugar  Creek,  t.,Wavne  co.,  O.  It  has  7  stores, 
81 


cap.  sf>,875;  1  tannery,  3  flouring  in.,  9  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  nianufac.  $11,630.     Pop.  2 

Sugar  Creek,  p-o.,  Haneoek  eo.,  la.,  15  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 563  W.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,5'X).     Pop.  610. 

Sugar  Creek,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  la.  Pop.  650. 

Sugar  Creek,  t.,  Tuscarawas  co.,  O.  It  has 
2  stores,  cap.  $4,000 ;  3  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  4 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $3,200.  7  sch.  600 
scholars.     Pop.  1,450. 

Sugar  Creek,  p-o.,  Walworth  co.,  Wis.,  65  s. 
E.  Madison,  811  W. 

Sugar  Grove,  p-v.,  Sugar  Grove  t.t  Warren 
co.,  Pa.,  23 J  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  328  W.  Situated 
on  Stillwater  cr.,  H  s.  N.  Y.  state  line.  It  con- 
tains 1  store,  1  saw  m.,  1  grist  in.,  and  18  or  20 
dwellings.  It  is  surrounded  with  groves  of  sugar 
maples.  There  are  in  the  t.  2  stores,  cap.  $2,250 ; 
2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac s.,,200.     9  sch.  220  scholars.     Pop.  1,062. 

Sugar  Grove,  p-o.,  Fairfield  co.,  O.,  37  s.  K. 
Columbus,  375  W. 

Sugar  Grove,  p-o.,  Ashe  co.,  N.  C,  232  w.  N. 
w.  Raleigh,  393  W. 

Sugar  Grove,  p-o.,  Kane  co.,  III.,  182  n.  n.  e. 
Springfield,  759  W. 

Sugar  Grove,  p-o.,  Ralls  co.,  Mo.,  104  N.  N.  E. 
Jefferson  City,  909  W. 

Sugar  Hill,  p-o.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  78  N. 
Concord,  533  W. 

Sugar  Hill,  p-o.,  Orange  t.,  Steuben  co.,  N. 
Y.,  193  w.  by  s.  Albany,  310  W. 

Sugar  Lake,  p-o.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  243  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  31o  W.  It  receives  its  name  from 
Sugar  lake,  a  handsome  sheet  of  water,  from 
which  flows  a  branch  of  Sugar  cr. 

Sugar  Loaf,  p-v.,  Goshen  and  Warwick  ts., 
Orange  co.,  N.  Y.,  105'  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  374  W. 
It  has  1  church,  3  stores,  25  dwellings,  and  about 
140  inhabitants. 

Sugar  Loaf,  p-t.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  112  n.  n. 
e.  Harrisburg,  221  W.  The  surface  is  diversi- 
fied, in  the  n.  mountainous  ;  soil,  sand  and  grav- 
el. Drained  by  Fishing  cr.  and  its  tributaries. 
It  has  1  distillery,  3  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  <-'«P- "» 
manufac.  $20,600.     3  sch.  80  scholars.     Pop.  937. 

Sugar  Loaf,  t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.  The  surface 
is  mountainous  ;  soil,  in  the  valleys,  fertile. 
Drained  by  Nescopeck  and  Black  creeks.  It  is 
named  from  a  conical  mountain  in  the  vicinity, 
of  the  same  name.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $15,500 ; 
1  tannery,  4  flouring  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  rnan- 
ufac.  $18,000.    6  sch.  280  scholars.     Pop.  1,306 

Sugar  Loaf,  t.,  Carroll  co.,  Ark.  It  has  2 
grist  m.     Pop.  140. 

Sugar  Loaf,  t.,  Marion  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1 
tannery,  2  distilleries.    Pop.  143. 

Sugar  Run,  pa.,  Sullivan  co.,  la. 

Sugartown,  p-v.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  79  E.  8.  E. 
Harrisburg,  124  W. 

Sugar  Tree,  p-o.,  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  183 
w  s.  w.  Richmond,  266  W. 

Sugar  Tree  Ridge,  p-o.,  Highland  co.,  O.,  86 
s.  w.  Columbus,  453  W. 

Sugar  Valley,  p-o.,  Clinton  co.,  Pa. 

Sugar  Valley,  p-o.,  Preble  co.,  O.,  100  w. 
by  s.  Columbus,  493  W 

Suggs  Bridge,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  N.  C,  97 
w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  371  W.  -•  , 

Suggsville,  p-v.,  Clarke  co.,  Ala.,  152  s.  Tus- 
caloosa, 944  W.  Situated  on  e.  side  of  Bassets 
cr.,  a  branch  of  Tombigbee  r.,  and  contains  about 
150  inhabitants.  . 

Sullivan,  county,  N.  H.  Situated  m  the  w. 
toward  the  s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  530 
sq  ms.  Connecticut  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border 
Surface  elevated  but  not  mountainous ;  soil  near 


SUL 


642 


SUM 


the  streams  rich.  Watered  by  Sugar  r.  and  its 
branches.  Sunapee  lake  lies  on  its  E.  border. 
Organized  in  1827.  Capital,  Newport.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  22,828,  sheep  88,296, 
swine  10,917 ;  wheat  26,572  bush,  produced,  rye 
29  033,  Ind.  corn  76,686,  buckwheat  16,304,  bar- 
ley 9,086,  oats  156,438,  potatoes  505,376,  sugar 
142,541  pounds;  44  stores,  cap.  $190,300;  1  fur- 
nace, 11  fulling  m.,  6  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac. 
350  sp.,  18  tanneries,  27  grist  m.,  80  saw  m.,  2 
paper  fac,  3  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspa- 
pers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $31,096.  2  acad.  376 
students,  97  sch.  7,053  scholars.    Pop.  20,340. 

Sullivan,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  in  the  s. 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  919  sq.  ms. 
Delaware  r.  runs  on  its  s.  w.  border.  Drained 
by  Neversink  and  Mongoup  rivers,  branches  of 
the  Delaware.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  moun- 
tainous. The  soil  is  various,  fertile  in  the  val- 
leys, and  in  the  elevated  parts  adapted  to  graz- 
ing. The  Delaware  and  Hudson  canal  and  the 
New  York  and  Erie  railroad  passes  through  it. 
Lead  ore  is  found  near  Wartzboro,  on  the  line  of 
the  Delaware  and  Hudson  canal.  Capital,  Mon- 
ticello.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  18,057, 
sheep  19,476,  swine  10,047 ;  wheat  8,793  bush, 
produced,  rye  66,090,  Ind.  corn  50,425,  buckwheat 
51,942,  oats  126,232,  potatoes  236,335,  sugar 
45,359  pounds  ;  65  stores,  cap.  $152,910 ;  10  lum- 
ber yards,  cap.  $4,960;  1  furnace;  4  smelting 
houses  produced  100,000  pounds  of  lead ;  3  full- 
ing m.,  19  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  29  grist  m.,  174 
saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $669,009.  1  acad.  36  students, 
101  sch.  3,894  scholars.    Pop.  15,629. 

Sullivan,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  n. 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  520  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Holston  r.  and  its  branches.  The 
surface  is  mountainous.  Capital,  Blountville. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  12,368,  sheep 
14,057,  swine  41,087;  wheat  99,061  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  5,662,  Ind.  corn  390,025,  barley  1,272, 
oats  179,896,  potatoes  23,016,  tobacco  5,360  lbs. ; 
13  stores,  cap.  $71,250;  1  furnace,  4  forges,  1 
cotton  fac.  512  sp.,  8  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  1 
powder  m.,  18  flouring  m.,  6  grist  m.,  21  saw  m., 
1  paper  fac.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $66,537.  3  acad. 
120  students,  23  sch.  700  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
9,504,  slaves  1,037,  free  col'd  195 ;  total,  10,736. 

Sullivan,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  w., 
toward  the  s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  430 
sq.  ms.  Bounded  w.  by  Wabash  r.  Drained 
by  Busseron,  Furman's,  and  Turtle  creeks.  Cap- 
ital, Benton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
12,442,  sheep  11,8S6,  swine  33,915 ;  wheat  44,458 
bush,  produced,  rye  2,614,  Ind.  corn  538,543,  oats 
86,700,  potatoes  17,907,  tobacco  20,446  pounds, 
sugar  85,625  ;  15  stores,  cap.  $50,900  ;  4  tanner- 
ies, 4  distilleries,  1  pottery,  23  grist  m.,  22  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $93,860.  1  acad.  45  stu- 
dents, 20  sch.  620  scholars.    Pop.  8,315. 

Sullivan,  p-t.,  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  101  e.  Au- 
gusta, 683  W.  It  has  Frenchman's  and  Taunton 
bay  on  the  s.  w.  A  bridge,  1,400  feet  Ion* 
crosses  Taunton  bay  to  Hancock.  The  outlet 
of  a  considerable  pond  in  its  n.  e;  part  flows  into 
Frenchman's  bay.  It  is  well  situated  for  navi- 
gation, and  has  some  ship  building.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $3,100;  2  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac, 
2  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac $37,900.    7  sch.  175  sch.     Pop.  649. 

Sullivan,  t.,  Cheshire  co.,  N.  H.,  52  w.  s.  w. 
Concord,  440  W.  A  branch  of  Ashuelot  r.  runs 
on  its  s.  e.  border.  Incorporated  in  1787.  It  has 
1  store,  cap.  $1,500;  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac  $2,220.  8  sch.  159  scholars.  Pop. 
496.  * 


Sullivan,  p-t.,  Madison  co.,  N.  Y.,  122  w.  by 
n.  Albany,  315  W.  The  surface  is  level  n.,  un- 
dulating s. ;  soil,  generally  fertile.  Drained  by 
Canaseraga  and  Chittenango  creeks,  flowing  into 
Oneida  lake,  which  bounds  it  on  the  n.  The  v. 
is  situated  on  Canaseraga  cr.  Incorporated  in 
1823,  and  contains  1  Free  church,  1  store,  1  grist 
m.,  25  dwellings,  and  about  150  inhabitants. 
There  are  in  the  t.  16  stores,  cap.  $53,700;  2 
fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  furnace,  2  tanneries, 
1  distillery,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspa- 
per, 1  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  18  saw  m.,  1  oil  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $109,300.  1  acad.  40  students, 
22  sch.  1,245  scholars.     Pop.  4,390. 

Sullivan,  p-t.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  146  n.  by  w. 
Harrisburg,  256  W.  The  surface  is  hilly;  soil, 
gravelly,  and  well  timbered.  Drained  by  head 
branches  of  Tioga  r.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $3,500 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $13,350.  1  sch.  45  scholars.  Pop. 
1,378. 

Sullivan,  p-t.,  Lorain  co.,  O.,  91  n.  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 386  W.  Watered  by  branches  of  Black 
r.  The  soil  is  generally  fertile.  The  v.,  at  the 
centre,  contains  1  church,  2  stores,  1  steam  saw 
and  grist  m.,  about  20  dwellings,  and  120  inhab- 
itants.    The  t.  has  1  sch.  25  scholars.     Pop.  781. 

Sulphur  Hill,  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,  la.,  67  s.  e. 
Indianapolis,  570  W. 

Sulphur  Springs,  p-o.,  Buncombe  co.,  N.  C, 
4£  w.  Ashville,  260  w.  Raleigh,  490  W.  It  is  a 
celebrated  watering  place. 

Sulphur  Springs,  p-o.,  Rhea  co.,  Tenn.,  144 
E.  s.  e.  Nashville,  563  W. 

Sulphur  Springs,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Mo.,  151 
e.  by  s.  Jefferson  City,  831  W. 

Sulphur  Spring,  t.,  Hot  Springs  co.,  Ark. 
It  has  1  grist  m.    Pop.  334. 

Summerfield,  p-v.,  Guilford  co.,  N.  C,  99  w. 
n.  w.  Raleigh,  294  W. 

Summerfield,  p-v.,  Stewart  co.,  Ga.,  145  s. 
w.  Milledgeville,  801  W. 

Summerfield,  p-o.,  Seneca  t.,  Monroe  co.,  O., 
112  e.  Columbus,  325  W.  It  contains  1  church, 
1  store,  20  dwellings,  and  about  125  inhabitants. 

Summerfield,  p-t.,  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  60  s. 
w.  Detroit,  500  W.  Watered  by  Raisin  r.  The 
v.  is  situated  on  the  r.,  16  ms.  from  Lake  Erie, 
and  contains  a  saw  m.  and  several  dwellings. 
There  are  in  the  t.  1  saw  m.,  3  sch.  70  scholars 
Pop.  395. 

Summerfield,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  O. 

Summer  Grove,  p-o.,  Caddo  par.,  La. 

Summer  Hill,  p-t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y.,  24  s 
E.  Auburn,  149  w.  Albany,  325  W.  The  surface 
is  hilly  ;  soil,  clay  loam,  moderately  fertile. 
Drained  by  head  branches  of  Fall  cr.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $2,000 ;  1  tannery,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $7,942.  7  sch.  354  scholars.  Pop. 
1,446. 

Summer  Hill,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $3,300;  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  1 

5;rist  m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,230. 
'op.  1,638. 

Summer  Hill,  p-v.,  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  150  w. 
by  n.  Harrisburg,  187  W.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$6,000  ;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $1,S75.  4  sch.  180  scholars.  Pop. 
1,005. 

Summersville,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.,  171  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  260  W. 

Summerville,  p-v.,  Charleston  dist.,  S.  C. 

Summersville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Nicholas  co., 
Va.,  268  s.  w.  by  w.  Richmond,  310  W.  Sit- 
uated on  a  branch  of  Gauley  r.,  and  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  clerk's  office,  2  stores,  20  dwell- 
ings, and  about  125  inhabitants. 


SUM 


043 


SUN 


Summerville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Chatooga  co., 
Ga.,  181  N.  w.  Milledgeville,  652  W.  Situated 
on  the  w.  side  of  Challooga  r.,  a  branch  of  Coosa 
r.    It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and  about  175 


inhabitants. 

Summerville,  p-v.,  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  177  W.  by 
s.  Detroit,  629  W.  Situated  on  Dowagiake  r.,  and 
contains  1  store  and  1  saw  m. 

Scmmersville,  p-v.,  Greene  co.,  Ky.,  5  n.  w. 
Greensburg,  95  s.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  629  W. 

Summit,  county,  O.  Situated  toward  the  N. 
k.  part  of' the  state,  and  contains  422  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  moderately  uneven ;  soil,  gener- 
ally fertile.  Drained  by  Cuyahoga  r.  and  Little 
Cuyahoga  r.,  which  afford  extensive  water  power, 
and  the  head  waters  of  Tuscarawas  r.  The  Ohio 
canal  passes  through  its  centre  from  n.  to  s.,  and 
affords  great  conveniences  for  transportation. 
Capital,  Akron.  There  were  in  1810,  neat  cattle 
21  762  sheep  41,054,  swine  25,501  ;  wheat  317,462 
bush  'produced,  rye  23,070,  Ind.  corn  209,600, 
buckwheat  9,054,  barley  5,175,  oats  183,463,  po- 
tatoes 157,455,  sugar  107,993  pounds;  6  commis- 
sion houses,  cap.  $39,500 ;  83  stores,  capital 
$239,194;  6  furnaces,  1  forge,  19  fulling  m.,  11 
woollen  fac,  16  tanneries,  8  distilleries,  1  brew- 
ery, 1  powder  m.,  5  potteries,  8  flouring  m.,  26 
grist  m.,  59  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.,  2  paper  fac,  4  print- 
ing offices,  1  bindery,  5  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  8543,019.  1  college,  112  stu- 
dents, 6  acad.  217  students,  114  sch.  3,860  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  22,560.  ■ 

Summit,  p-t.,  Schoharie  co.,  N.  Y.,  16  s.  w. 
Schoharie,  52  w.  Albany,  378  W.  The  surface 
is  elevated  and  hilly;  soil,  sandy  loam,  well 
adapted  to  grass.  Drained  by  Charlotte  r.,  and 
by  tributaries  of  Schoharie  cr.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $9,000 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  3  grist  m., 
6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,000.  18  sch.  892 
scholars.     Pop.  2,010. 

Summit,  p-v.,  Washington  t.,  Cambria  co.,  Pa., 
129  w.  by  n.  Harrisburg,  172  W.  Situated  on  a 
head  branch  of  Kiskiminetas  r.,  and  contains  about 
200  inhabitants. 

Summit,  p-o.,  Northampton  co.,  N.  C. 

Summit,  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,  O.,  90  w.  N.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 434  W. 

Summit,  p-o.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  34  N.  w. 
Detroit,  540  W. 

Summit,  p-t.,  Milwaukie  co.,Wis.,  50  e.  by  s. 
Madison,  835  W.    It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,500;  1 

frist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,050. 
'op.  335.  „    . 

Summit,  p-v.,  Cook  co.,  111.,  191  n.  e.  Spring- 
field, 730  W.  Situated  at  the  "  Point  of  Oaks," 
on  the  canal,  13  ms.  s.  w.  from  Chicago. 

Summit  Bridge,  p-v.,  Newcastle  co.,  Del.,  41 
N.  Dover,  117  W.  It  contains  about  75  inhabi- 
tants. 

Summit  Hill,  p-v.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  84 
N.  e.  by  e.  Harrisburg,  194  W. 

Summit  Point,  p^-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Va.,  161 
N.  by  w.  Richmond,  71  W. 

Summitsville,  p-v.,  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  185  N.  E. 
Harrisburg,  279  W. 

Summum,  p-o.,  Fulton  co.,  111.,  67  n.  w.  Spring- 
field, 845  W. 

Sumner,  county,  Tenn.     Situated  in  the  n. 

Eart  of  the  state,  and  contains  640  sq.  ms.  Cum- 
erland  r.  runs  on  its  s.  border,  by  branches  of 
which  it  is  drained,  and  by  branches  of  Big  Bar- 
ren r.  The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  very  fertile. 
Capital,  Gallatin.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 18,865,  sheep  28,801,  swine  71,356;  wheat 
124,482  bush,  produced,  rye  12,780,  Ind.  corn 
1,800,955,  oats  498,248,  potatoes  351,083 ;  tobacco 
2,615,100  pounds,  cotton  161,379,  sugar  1,500 ;  30 


stores,  cap.  $273,350  ;  9  tanneries,  18  distilleries, 
1  brewery,  62  grist  in.,  27  saw  m.,  2  printing  of- 
fices. 2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
|259,735.  5  aead.  336  students,  15  sch.  473 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  14,891,  slaves  7,2S6,  free 
cofd263;  total,  22,445. 

Stmner,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  8  n.  Paris,  40 
w.  Augusta,  606  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to 
grain.  Incorporated  in  1798.  Drained  by  branches 
of  Androscoggin  r.  It  has  a  pond  in  its  w.  part, 
flowing  into  one  of  these  branches.  It  has  8  tan- 
neries," 3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$2,440.    9  sch.  43  scholars.    Pop.  1,269. 

Sumneytown,  p-v.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  20 
If.  e.  Norristown,  182  e.  Harrisburg,  173  W. 
Situated  on  the  line  of  Upper  Salford  and  Marl- 
borough townships,  and  contains  2  stores,  and 
about  15  dwellings.  There  are  3  powder  m.  in 
the  vicinity. 

Sumpter,  district,  S.  C.  Situated  a  little  s.  E. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,240  sq. 
ms.  Santee  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border,  and  Lynch' s 
cr.  on  its  n.  e.  boundary.  Drained  by  Black  r. 
and  its  branches,  and  by  branches  of  Santee 
r.  Capital,  Sumpterville.  There  were  in  1810, 
neat,  cattle  32,961,  sheep  8,655,  swine  47,260; 
wheat  7,125  bush,  produced,  rye  1,533,  Ind.  corn 
631,977,  oats  54,230,  potatoes  263,711,  rice  363,505 
pounds,  cotton  2,298,712 ;  35  stores,  cap.  $66,500; 
5  tanneries,  50  grist  m.,  30  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $143,295.  7  acad.  145  students,  40  sch.  693 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  8,614,  slaves  18,875,  free 
col'd373;  total,  27,892. 

Sumpter,  county,  Ala.  Situated  in  the  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,200  sq.  ms. 
Bounded  on  the  n.  e.  and  e.  by  Tombigbee  r., 
by  the  w.  fork  of  which,  and  smaller  branches, 
it  is  drained.  It  has  3  acad.  159  students,  16  sch. 
332  scholars.  Pop.  29,937.  Capital,  Livingston. 
Sumpter,  county,  Ga.  Situated  toward  the 
s.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  675  sq.  ms. 
Flint  r.  bounds  it  on  the  e.,  by  branches  of  which 
it  is  drained.    Capital,  Americus.    There  were 


ipv 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  19,218,  sheep  2,352,  swine 
23,472  ;  wheat  10,864  bush,  produced,  rye  1,800, 
Ind.  corn  231,870,  oats  6,240,  potatoes  23,400, 
tobacco  740  pounds,  cotton  980,000;  13  stores, 
cap.  $24,000  ;  1  distillery,  7  grist  m.,  10  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $32,500.  8  sch.  231  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  4,115,  slaves  1,643,  free  cold  1; 
total,  5,759.  . 

Sumpter,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  Mich.  Drained  by 
Huron  r.    It  has  2  sch.  58  scholars.    Pop.  193. 

Sumpterville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Sumpterville 
dist.,  S.  C,  63  E.  Columbia,  499  W  Situated 
between  the  branches  of  Black  r.,  and  contains 
a  court  house,  jail,  3  churches,  10  stores,  and  about 
400  inhabitants. 

Sumpterville,  p-v.,  Lee  co.,  Ga. 

Sumpterville,  p-v.,  Sumpter  co.,  Ala.,  64  s. 
w.  Tuscaloosa,  832  W.  Situated  on  w.  side  of 
Tombigbee  r.,  and  contains  several  large  ware- 
houses, and  about  300  inhabitants. 

Sunapee    lake,  Sullivan  and  Mernmac  cos., 
H   is  9  ms.  long,  and  about  1  and  a  half  wide. 
■    elevated  820  feet  above  the  level 


The  surface  is 


Its  outlet 


of  Connecticut  and  Merrimac  rivers, 
flows  into  Sugar  r. 

Sunbury,  p-b,  Augusta  t.,  capital  of  Northum- 
berland co.  Pa.,  58  N.  by  E.  Harrisburg  163  W. 
Beautifully  situated  on  the  E  side  of  Susque- 
hanna r.,  2  ms.  below  the  confluence  of  the  n. 
and  w.  branches,  at  Northumberland,  below  the 
Shamokin  dam,  which  is  2,783  feet  long,  erected 
for  the  passage  of  the  Pennsylvania  canal.  It 
contains  a  court  house  and  county  offices  of  brick, 
a  jail  of  stone,  3  churches— 1  Presbyterian,  1 


SUN 


644 


SUR 


German  Reformed,  and  1  Methodist — 15  stores, 
and  about  300  dwellings.  A  mile  above  the  t., 
a  bridge  was  erected  in  1814,  across  the  n.  branch 
of  the  Susquehanna,  connecting  the  t.  with  Nor- 
thumberland. It  is  in  2  parts,  crossing  Shamokin 
island,  and  cost  $90,000.  It  is  1,325  feet  long. 
32  feet  wide.  41  feet  above  ordinary  water  in  the 
r.,  resting  on  8  stone  piers.  The  arches  are  of 
wood,  protected  by  a  roof.  It  has  9  stores,  cap. 
$23,900;  3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  pottery,  1 
printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $20,760.  4  sch.  257  scholars.  Pop. 
1,108. 

Sun-bury,  p-v.,  Gates  co.,  N.  C.,  224  e.  n.  e. 
Raleigh,  243  W.  It  contains  about  75  inhabi- 
tants. 

Sunbury,  p-v.,  Berkshire  t.,  Delaware  co.,  O., 
25  n.  Columbus,  395  W.  It  has  2  stores,  several 
mechanic  shops,  and  a  number  of  dwellings. 

Sunbury,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  O.  It  has  5  sch.  135 
scholars.     Pop.  1,157. 

Sunbury,  p-v.,  Livingston  co.,  111.,  121  h.  e. 
Springfield,  748  W. 

Sunbury,  p-v.,  port  of  entry,  Liberty  co.,  Ga., 
40  s.  by  w.  Savannah,  212  s.  s.  e.  Milledgeville, 
702  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of  Med  way  r., 
at  the  head  of  St.  Catharine's  sound.  It  contains 
an  academy,  1  Baptist  church,  2  or  3  stores,  30 
dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants.  It  has  an 
elevated  sandy  situation,  and  was  built  in  1753  ; 
and  for  several  years  was  a  formidable  rival  of 
Savannah,  but  its  prosperity  was  broken  by  the 
revolutionary  war.  It  is  resorted  to  for  health 
during  the  sickly  season. 

Suncook,  r.,  N.  H.,  rises  in  a  pond  near  the 
top  of  one  of  the  Suncook  mountains,  900  feet 
above  tidewater,  and  passing  through  several 
ponds,  and  receiving  tributaries  from  others,  it 
enters  the  3Ierrimac  r.,  between  Allenstown 
and  Pembroke. 

Suncook,  p-o.,  Merrimac  co.,  N.  H.,  7  E.  Con- 
cord, 478  W. 

Sunday  Creek  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Perry  co., 
O.,  62  e.  by  s.  Columbus,  361  W. 

Sunderland,  p-t.,  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  15  if, 
E.  Bennington,  98  s.  s.  w.  Montpelier,  425  W. 
The  surface  is  uneven,  with  fine  alluvial  flats  ; 
soil,  alluvion,  loam,  and  marl.  Drained  by  Bat- 
tenkill  r.,  and  by  Roaring  brook,  which  issues 
from  pond  8  in  the  e.  part,  and  affords  water 
power.  Chartered  in  1761 ;  first  settled  in  1765, 
organized  in  1769.  It  contains  a  Congregational 
and  a  Methodist  church.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$4,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1 
grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,250.  4 
sch.  136  scholars.    Pop.  433. 

Sunderland,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  9  s.  by 
E.  Greenfield,  80  w.  Boston,  392  W.  Connecti- 
cut r.  bounds  it  on  the  w.,  on  which  are  fine  allu- 
vial meadows,  but  in  other  parts  the  surface  is 
mountainous.  The  central  v.  is  built  chiefly  on 
one  street,  three  fourths  of  a  m.  long,  parallel  with 
the  r.,  and  contains  a  Congregational  church,  and 
about  50  dwellings,  many  of  them  handsome. 
A  bridge  here  crosses  Connecticut  r.,  858  feet 
long,  built  in  1832,  at  an  expense  of  $20,000.  It 
contains  2  other  small  villages.  There  are  in 
the  t.  2  stores,  cap.  $3,500  ;  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $3,602.    6  sch.  436  scholars.     Pop.  719. 

Sunderland,  p-v.,  Calvert  co.,  Md.,  37  s.  s.  w. 
Annapolis,  67  W. 

Sunfish,  p-o.,  Clarington  v.,  Salem  t.,  Mon- 
roe co.,  O.,  131  e.  Columbus,  281  W. 

Sunfish,  t.,  Pike  co.,  O.  It  has  1  saw  m.,  2 
sch.  63  scholars.     Pop.  318. 

Sunflower,  p-o.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  52  e.  s. 
e.  Harriaburg,  116  W. 


Sunkiiaze.  p-o.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  85  e.  Au- 
gusta. 630  W. 

Sunman.  p-o.,  Ripley  co.,  la.,  73  s.  e.  Indiana- 
polis, 533  W. 

Sunset,  p-o.,  Walker  co.,  Ga.,  192  n.  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville, 677  W. 

Superior,  t.,  Williams  co.,  O.  It  has  1  sch. 
17  scholars.     Pop.  166. 

Slpf.rior.  p-t..  Washtenaw  co..  Mich..  31  w. 
Detroit,  523  W.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $1,400;  2 
grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,300. 
Pop.  1,393. 

Superior,  lake,  the  largest  in  North  America, 
and  supposed  to  be  the  largest  body  of  fresh  wa- 
ter in  the  world.  It  is  about  330  ms.  long  and 
130  wide,  and  about  1.200  or  1.500  in  circumfer- 
ence. The  boundary  line  between  the  United 
States  and  Canada  passes  through  its  central 
part.  It  is  surrounded  mostly  by  a  rocky  and 
uneven  coast,  and  contains  many  considerable 
islands,  one  of  the  largest  of  which,  Isle  Royal,  is 
about  100  ms.  long  and  40  ms.  broad.  It  abounds 
with  fish,  particularly  trout,  sturgeon,  and  white- 
fish,  written  are  caught  at  all  seasons,  and  in  large 
:  quantities.  Of  these  the  trout,  weighing  from  12 
I  to  50  pounds,  and  the  whitefish,  weighing  often 
'■  over  SO  pounds,  are.  perhaps,  the  most  important. 
j  The  storms  on  this  lake  are  equal  to  those  on  the 
;  Atlantic ;  the  waves  run  as  high,  and  its  naviga- 
!  tion  is  as  difficult.  Its  surface  is  elevated  625  feet 
!  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  its  mean  depth  is 
!  900  feet.  Its  waters  are  remarkably  clear  and 
transparent.  It  receives  more  than  30  rivers,  and 
|  discharges  its  waters  into  Lake  Huron,  by  the 
1  straits  or  r.  of  St.  Mary.  The  rapids  or  falls  here 
i  prevent  vessels  from  passing  into  it,  from  Lake 
|  Huron.  The  pictured  rocks  on  its  s.  shore,  to- 
ward its  E.  end,  are  a  great  curiosity.  They 
form  a  perpendicular  wall,  300  feet  high,  extend- 
ing about  12  ms.  They  have  caves  which  re- 
ceive the  waves  with  a  tremendous  roar.  At 
one  place  a  considerable  stream  is  thrown  from 
them  into  the  lake,  by  a  single  leap,  from  the 
height  of  70  feet,  and  boats  can  pass  dry  between 
it  and  the  rocky  shore.  At  another  place  4  rocky 
pillars  support  a  stratum  or  entablature  of  stone, 
covered  with  soil,  on  which  trees  of  spruce  and 
pine  grow,  some  of  which  are  50  or  60  feet  high. 
This  is  called  the  Doric  Rock  or  Arch,  and  ap- 
I  pears  like  a  work  of  art,  though  it  is  the  work  of 
!  nature. 

i     Surgeon's  Hall,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa., 
201  w.  by  n.  Harrisburg,  228  W. 

Surrencv,  p  o.,  Tatnall  co.,  Ga.,  162  s.  e 
Milledgeville,  773  W. 

Surry,  county,  Va.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  324  square  ms. 
James  r.  runs  on  its  n.  e.  border,  and  Blackwater 
r.  on  its  s.  w.,  by  small  branches  of  which  it  is 
drained.  Capital,  Surry  C.  H.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  4,136,  sheep  3,676,  swine  12,595 ; 
w  heat  9,317  bush,  produced,  Indian  corn  185,040, 
oats  35,900,  potatoes  33,659,  tobacco  4,692  pounds, 
cotton  63,954 ;  12  stores,  cap.  $47,300 ;  1  cotton 
fac.  240  sp.,  166  distilleries,  1  flouring  m.,  21  grist 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,850.  8  sch.  186  schol- 
ars. Pop.  whites  2,557,  slaves  2,853,  free  cold 
1,070 ;  total,  6,480. 

Surry,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the  n.  to- 
ward the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  726 
sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  mountainous  and  broken  ; 
soil,  fertile.  Drained  by  Yadkin  river  and  its 
branches.  Capital,  Rockford.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  12,609,  sheep  12,123,  swine 
33,163 ;  wheat  43,804  bush,  produced,  rye  20.542, 
Indian  com  434,976.  oats  115,018,  potatoes  23,866, 
tobacco  83,070  pounds,  cotton  67,228 ;  19  stores, 


sus 


645 


SUT 


cap.  $63,61)0;  10  forges,  1  cotton  fac.  400  sp.,  15 
tanneries,  225  distilleries,  1  powder  m.,  3  potter- 
ies, 52  grist  m..  27  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufae. 
$74,012f  It  schools  335  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
13,093,  slaves  1,778,  free  col'd  208;  total,  15,079. 

Surry,  p-t.,  Hancock  eo.,  Me.,  83  e.  by  n. 
Ausrusta,  677  W.  Bounded  by  Union  r.  and  bay 
on  the  e.  It  contains  several  large  ponds,  and 
has  inexhaustible  beds  of  shell  marl,  by  the  use 
of  which  the  fertility  of  the  soil  is  increased.  In- 
corporated in  1803.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,000  ; 
1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,2  saw  m.  Cap* 
in  manufae.  $4,000.  7  sen.  312  scholars.  Pop. 
857. 

Surry,  p-t.,  Cheshire  co.,  N.  H.,  55  s.  w.  Con- 
cord, 441  W.  Watered  by  Ashuelot  r.,  on  the 
margin  of  which  is  a  fine  intervale.  The  surface 
is  in  some  parts  uneven.  On  the  summit  of  a 
mountain  is  a  pond  of  3  acres,  25  feet  deep.  In- 
corporated in  1769  ;  first  settled  in  1764.     It  has 

1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufae. 
S3. 127.     6  sch.  171  scholars.     Pop.  481. 

Surry,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Surry  co.,  Va., 
55  s.  E.  Richmond,  178  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  2  stores,  an  arsenal,  and  about  50  in- 
habitants. 

Susquehanna,  r.,  the  largest  river  in  Pa., 
and  one  of  the  largest  in  the  U.  S.,  is  formed  by 

2  main  branches,  the  Eastern  and  the  Western. 
The  Eastern  branch  rises  in  Otsego  eo.,  N.  Y., 
and  one  of  its  sources  in  Otsego  lake.  It  receives 
the  Chenango,  a  considerable  river  from  the  n., 
at  Binghamton,  and  proceeding  w.  and  turning 
s.,  it  crosses  into  Pa.,  soon  after  which  it  is  joined 
by  the  Western  branch,  called  the  Tioga  or  Che- 
mung river,  3  ms.  below  the  Pennsylvania  line. 
It  then  flows  s.  e.,  and  then  s.  w.,  until  it  re- 
ceives the  Western  branch,  its  largest  tributary, 
at  Northumberland,  after  which  its  course  is  first 
s.,  40  ms.,  until  it  receives  the  Juniata  from  the 
w.,  and  then  s.  e.  until  it  falls  into  the  Chesa- 
peake bay,  near  the  n.  e.  corner  of  Maryland.  It 
is  navigable  for  sloops  5  miles  from  its  mouth  to 
Port  Deposit,  at  the  head  of  the  tide.  Above 
that,  for  nearly  50  miles,  the  river  is  obstructed 
by  a  continued  succession  of  rapids,  which  ren- 
der navigation  in  boats  up  the  stream  impossible  ; 
but  in  high  water,  a  vast  amount  of  lumber  and 
produce  comes  down  the  river,  in  rafts,  arks,  &c. 
In  the  upper  parts  of  the  river  the  obstructions  to 
boat  navigation  are  not  great,  and  might  be  easily 
overcome.  The  importance  of  a  river  depends 
much  upon  its  capacity  for  navigation.  In  this 
view,  the  Susquehanna  has  less  importance 
than  many  others  in  the  U.  S.,  which  drain  a  less 
extent  of  surface,  and  carry  a  less  volume  of 
water.  It  is  a  mile  and  a  quarter  wide  at  its 
entrance  into  Chesapeake  bay.  Canals  are  ex- 
tensively constructed  along  its  banks,  for  which 
it  affords  great  facilities.  Its  whole  length  is 
about  450  miles. 

Susquehanna,  county,  Pa.  Situated  in  the 
N.  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  875  sq.  miles. 
The  surface  is  hilly  and  broken;  soil,  fertile. 
Susquehanna  r.  passes  into  the  N.  part  of  the 
co.,  and  returns  into  N.  Y.  Drained  by  branches 
of  Susquehanna  r.  Capital,  Montrose.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  29,275,  sheep  72,157, 
swine  16,840 ;  wheat  60,828  bush,  produced,  rye 
17,332,  Ind.  com  83,659,  buckwheat  44,222,  bar- 
ley 1,830,  oats  237,185,  potatoes  362,218,  sugar 
252,137  pounds ;  53  stores,  cap.  $227,600 ;  8  full- 
ing ra.,  3  woollen  fac,  18  tanneries,  1  distillery, 
1  paper  fac,  3  printing  offices,  1  bindery,  1  week- 
ly newspaper,  24  grist  m.,  90  saw  m.,  1  oil  m. 
Cap.  in  manufae.  S174.705.  5  acad.  104  students, 
173  sch.  5,074  scholars.    Pop.  21,195. 


Sisqikhanw.  p  -(...  Colesville  t..  Broom  co., 
N.  Y.,  122  w.  s.  w.  Albany.  KM  W. 
[  Susquehanna,  t.,  Dauphin  co..  Pa.  The  sur- 
i  face  generally  is  moderately  uneven  ;  soil,  allu- 
vion and  gravel.  Blue  mountain  crosses  its  n. 
part.  Watered  by  Paxton  cr.  Harrisburg  lies 
j  partly  in  this  t.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $800;  1  f  idl- 
ing m.,  1  distillery,  1  frarina  m.,  1  irri-t  m..  'J 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufae  $1,750.  2  schools  33 
scholars.     Pop.  1,452. 

Susquehanna,  t.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.  It  has  3 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufae  $1,200.  1  school  40 
scholars.     Pop.  271. 

Susquehanna,  t.,  Cambria  co.,  Pa.  The  sur- 
face is  rolling ;  soil,  clay  and  loam.  It  has  4  grist 
m.,  11  saw  m.  Can.  in  manufae  $900.  3  sch. 
60  scholars.     Pop.  361. 

Sussex,  county,  N.  J.  Situated  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  415  sq.  ms.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  and  mountainous  ;  soil,  well  adapted 
to  grazing.  Drained  by  Wallkill,  Pequannock, 
Pequest,  and  Paulenskill  crs.  Hopatcong  pond, 
which  supplies  the  summit  level  of  Morris  canal, 
lies  on  its  s.  e.  border.  Capital,  Newton.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  26,346,  sheep  23,983, 
swine  30,236 ;  wheat  64,400  bush,  produced,  rye 
228,316,  Indian  corn  319,618,  buckwheat  147,067, 
oats  217,196,  potatoes  201,090;  56  stores,  capital 
$258,220 ;  4  lumber  yards,  cap.  $3,770 ;  5  furnaces, 
13  forges,  5  fulling  m.,  15  tanneries,  24  distiller- 
ies, 47  grist  m.,  57  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2 
weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufae  $4 16,825. 
5  acad.  172  students,  121  schools  3,369  scholars. 
Pop.  21,770. 

Sussex,  county,  Del.  Situated  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  860  sq.  ms.  The  sur- 
face is  level,  and  partly  marshy.  It  is  bounded 
e.  by  Delaware  bay  and  the  Atlantic.  Drained 
by  Nanticoke  r.  and  its  branches,  and  by  Marshy 
Hope  r.,  which  flow  into  Chesapeake  bay,  and 
by  Indian  r.,  and  Mispillion,  Jones,  and  other 
small  creeks,  flowing  into  Delaware  bay.  Capi- 
tal, Georgetown.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 18,956,  sheep  17,996,  swine  33,054;  wheat 
38,099  bushels  produced,  rye  8,644,  Indian  com 
372,817,  potatoes  48,189  ;  111  stores,  capital 
$252,560 ;  10  tanneries,  2  printing  offices,  54  grist 
m.,  78  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufae  $98,455.  6 
acad.  $220  students,  46  sch.  1,309  scholars.  Pop 
25,093. 

Sussex,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  s.  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  465  sq.  mile|.  Drained 
by  Nottoway  r.  and  its  branches.  Capital,  Sus- 
sex C.  H.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  8,831, 
sheep  8,030,  swine  23,957 ;  wheat  18,777  bushels 
produced,  Ind.  com  404,793,  oats  103,916,  tobac- 
co 175,672  pounds,  cotton  477,043 ;  18  stores,  cap. 
$36,250 ;  1  tannery,  21  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fae $6,300.  7  acad.  165  students,  10  schools  198 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,584,  slaves  6,384,  free 
col'd  811;  total,  11,229. 

Sussex,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Sussex  co.,  Va., 
48  8.  s.  e.  Richmond,  167  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house  and  jail,  and  about  75  inhabitants. 

Sutton,  p-t.,  Merrimac  co.,  N.  H.,  26  w.  n.  w. 
Concord,  480  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  and 
|  rough.  Kearsarge  mountain  lies  on  its  e.  bor- 
der. Soil,  various,  and  fertile  on  the  streams. 
Drained  by  branches  of  Warner  r.,  which  afford 
water  power.  Chartered  in  1749 ;  first  settled  in 
1 1767.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $8,700 ;  2  tanneries, 
1  grist  m  .  5  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufae  $7,300. 
13  sch.  337  scholars.    Pop.  1,362. 

Sutton,  p-t.,  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  53  N.  N.  e. 
Montpelier,  564  W.  The  surface  is  level,  and 
some  of  it  so  low  and  wet  as  to  be  incapable  of 
cultivation.    Watered  by  branches  of  Pasumpsic 


SWA 


646 


SWE 


r.  A  pond  in  the  n.  w.  corner  covers  200  acres, 
and  flows  N.  into  Barton  r.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$7,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  raanufac.  $5,400.  11  sch.  379  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,068. 

Sutton,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  46  w.  by 
s.  Boston,  400  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil, 
productive.  Watered  by  Blackstone  r.,  along 
which  passes  Blackstone  canal,  in  its  n.  part. 
Soapstone  and  granite  are  found.  It  contains  5 
churches — 2  Congregational,  2  Baptist,  and  1 
Episcopal.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $10,800  ;  1  full- 
ing m.,  1  woollen  fac,  4  cotton  fac.  6,923  sp.,  12 
sch.  762  scholars.     Pop.  2,370. 

Sutton,  t.,  Meisrs  co.,  O.  It  has  6  schools  253 
scholars.    Pop.  1,099. 

Suwannee,  r.,  Fl.,  rises  in  Okefinokee  swamp, 
in  Ga.,  and  receives  the  Allapahaw  from  the  n., 
and  the  Withlacoochee  from  the  n.  w.,  and  flows 
into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Its  bed  is  rocky,  and  it 
empties  its  waters  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  through 
numerous  shallow  channels.  The  bar  at  its 
mouth  has  not  more  than  5  feet  water,  but  above 
that  it  has  15  feet  for  55  miles.  The  banks  in 
some  places  are  100  feet  high,  perpendicular,  and 
of  beautiful  granite  rock. 

Suwannee,  p-o.,  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga.,  90  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  654  W. 

Swainsboro',  p-v.,  capital  of  Emanuel  co.,  Ga., 
98  n.  w.  Savannah,  96  s.  e.  by  e.  Milledgeville, 
668  W.  Situated  near  Cannouchee  r.  It  contains 
a  court  house,  jail,  and  12  or  15  dwellings. 

Swan,  p-o.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  57  E.  s.  e.  Harris- 
burg,  117  W. 

Swan  Creek,  t.,  Lucas  co.,  O.  It  has  4  sch. 
168  scholars.    Pop.  494. 

Swan,  t.,  Hocking  co.,  O.  It  has  2  schools  39 
scholars.     Pop.  759. 

Swan,  p-t.,  Noble  co.,  la.,  156  N.  N.  E.  Indian 
apolis,  573  W.    Pop.  207. 

Swan,  p-t.,  Taney  co.,  Mo.  Pop,  669. 

Swan  Creek,  p-o.,  Gallia  co.,  O.,  27  s.  s.  e 
Columbus,  385  W. 

Swan  Creek,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  111.,  102  n.  w. 
Springfield,  868  W. 

Swangstown,  p-v.,  Cleveland  co.,  N.  C,  197 
w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  434  W. 

Swannano,  p-o.,  Buncombe  co.,  N.  C,  244  w. 
Raleigh,  474  W. 

Swan  Quarter,  p-o.,  Hyde  co.,  N.  C,  203  e. 
by  s.  Raleigh,  400  W. 

Swansborough,  p-v.,  Onslow  CO.,  N.  C,  160 
s.  E.  Raleigh,  400  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side 
of  the  estuary  of  Whittock  r.,  opposite  to  Bogue 
inlet,  and  contains  about  50  inhabitants. 

Swan's  Island,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  Me.  It  has  1 
grist  m.,  2  sch.  134  scholars.     Pop.  283. 

Swanton,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  71  N.  w. 
Montpelier,  545  W.  Bounded  w.  by  Lake  Cham- 
plain.  Watered  by  Missisque  r.,  on  which  are 
fine  intervales.  Six  miles  from  its  mouth  is  a  fine 
fall  of  20  feet,  affording  extensive  water  power. 
Excellent  variegated  marble  is  found  here,  and 
extensively  exported.  The  quarry  covers  over 
300  acres,  and  extends  to  an  unknown  depth.  It 
is  generally  obtained  from  2  to  8  feet  below  the 
surface,  and  conveyed  half  a  mile  to  the  falls  to 
be  sawed.  The  v.  at  the  falls  contains  a  church, 
several  stores,  various  mills,  and  about  80  dwell- 
ings. Canal  boats  come  up  the  r.  6  miles  to  the 
place.  It  is  only  one  mile  from  the  lake  at  the 
nearest  point.  There  are  in  the  t.  8  stores,  cap. 
$8,920 ;  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $34,800.  16  sch.  945  scholars.  Pop. 
2,312. 

Swanton,  p-v.,  Lucas  co.,  O.,  139  n.  w.  by  n. 
Columbus,  470  W. 


Swanton  Centre,  p-o.,  Swanton  t.,  franklin 
co.,  Vt.,  67  n.  Montpelier,  511  W. 

Swanville,  p-t.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  53  e.  by  N. 
Augusta,  644  W.  The  surface  is  diversified  ; 
soil,  fertile.  Drained  by  a  small  stream  rising  in 
a  pond  in  its  N.  part,  and  flowing  into  Belfast  bay. 
It  has  1  store,  cap.  $2,000;  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
8  sch.  300  scholars.     Pop.  919. 

Swanzey,  p-t.,  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  48  s.  by  w. 
Boston,  414  W.  An  arm  of  Mount  Hope  bay 
sets  up  into  the  t.,  on  which  stands  a  small  v., 
containing  1  church  and  about  12  or  14  dwell- 
ings, and  it  has  some  navigation  and  ship  build- 
ing. The  t.  contains  3  Baptist  churches.  Incor- 
porated in  1667.  King  Philip's  Indian  war  com- 
menced in  this  t.  June  20th,  1675.  It  has  9  stores, 
cap.  $18,400;  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  2  tanneries,  2 
paper  fac.  Capital  in  manufac.  $44,750.  7  sch. 
137  scholars.    Pop.  1,434. 

Swanzey,  p-t.,  Cheshire  co.,  N.  H.,  53  s.  w. 
Concord,  429  W.  The  surface  is  partly  level 
and  partly  uneven  ;  soil,  various.  Watered  by 
Ashuelot  r.,  which  is  navigable  for  boats  to  Keene, 
N.  of  this  place,  excepting  a  short  carrying  place 
around  rapids  in  Winchester.  Iron  ore  is  found. 
Chartered  by  Mass.  in  1733,  by  N.  H.  in  1753. 
It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $7,000;  1  fulling  m.,  1  wool- 
len fac,  1  cotton  fac.  680  sp.,  1  tannery,  4  grist 
m.,  14  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $55,835.  12  sch. 
577  scholars.     Pop.  1,755. 

Swatara,  river,  Pa.,  rises  in  Schuylkill  co., 
on  the  s.  side  of  Broad  mountain,  and  after  a 
course  of  about  50  ms.,  flows  into  Susquehanna 
r.,  8  miles  below  Harrisburg.  The  Union  canal 
passes  along  this  r. 

Swatara,  t.,  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.,  9  n.  Lancaster. 
The  surface  is  hilly  n.  and  s.,  level  in  the  cen- 
tre ;  soil,  gravelly.  Drained  by  Swatara  cr.  and 
its  branches.  It  has  6  stores,  capital  $16,800;  2 
lumber  yards,  cap.  $5,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanner- 
ies, 1  distillery,  1  pottery,  4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Capital  in  manufac.  $18,635.  2  sch.  60  scholars. 
Pop.  1,506. 

Sweden,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  59  w.  s.  w.  Au- 
gusta, 582  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to 
grain.  It  has  a  considerable  pond,  the  outlet  of 
which  affords  water  power,  and  flows  into  Long 
pond,  which  is  connected  to  Portland  by  a  canal. 
It  has  7  sch.  163  scholars.     Pop.  670. 

Sweden,  p-t.,  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y.,  237  w.  by  n. 
Albany,  336  W.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  soil, 
moist,  argillaceous  loam,  and  fertile.  Drained  by 
Salmon  cr.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $4,000 ;  2  saw 
m.,  10  sch.  604  scholars.     Pop.  1,884. 

Sweden,  p-b.,  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  171  n.  n.  w.  Har- 
risburg, 281  W.  It  mostly  remains  in  a  wild  and 
uncultivated  state.     Pop.  153. 

Sweedsborough,  p-v.,  Woolwich  t.,  Glouces- 
ter co.,  N.  J.,  47  s.  s.  w.  Trenton,  158  W.  Situ- 
ated at  the  head  of  sloop  navigation  on  Racoon 
cr.,  about  5  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  contains  1 
Episcopal  and  1  Methodist  church,  an  academy, 
4  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  and  about  100  dwellings. 

Sweet  Gum  Tree,  p-o.,  Elbert  co.,  Ga.,  102 
N.  n.  e.  Milledgeville,  574  W. 

Sweet  Home,  p-o.,  Mecklenberg  co.,  N.  C, 
190  w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  427  W. 

Sweet  Home,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Ark.,  86 
N.  w.  Little  Rock,  1,195  W. 

Sweet  Springs,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Va.,  209  w. 
Richmond,  256  W.  This  is  one  of  the  oldest 
watering  places  in  Virginia.  The  water  resem- 
bles the  Bristol  Hot  Wells,  England.  It  has  ac- 
commodations for  300  persons,  and  the  waters 
are  efficacious  in  many  complaints.  The  spring 
is  so  copious  as  to  turn  a  mill  at  the  distance  of 
200  yards  from  its  source. 


TAG 


647 


TAL 


Sweet  Water,  p-o.,  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga.,  90  n. 
w.  BfilledgeviUe,  66]  W. 

Swei.t  Watee,  p-o.,  St.  Tammany  par.,  La., 
58  n.  xNew  Orleans,  1,160  W. 

Sweet  Water,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Tenn.,  165 
B.  s.  k.  Nashville,  i>'38  VV. 

Swift  Creek,  p-o.,  Hamilton  co.,  Flor. 

Swift  Creek  Bridge,  p-o.,  Craven  co.,  N.  C, 
137  e.  a.  E.  Raleigh,  331  W. 

Switzerland,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  s. 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  216  square  ms. 
Bounded  e.  and  s.  by  Ohio  r.  Drained  by  Log 
Lick,  Indian,  Plum,  fowl's,  and  Grant's  creeks, 
which  How  into  Ohio  r.  The  surface  is  various, 
the  bottom  lands  level  and  very  fertile,  the  table 
land  rolling.  The  vine  is  cultivated.  Capital, 
Vevay.  There  were  in  1810,  neat  cattle  6,737, 
sheep  9,672,  swine  11,254;  wheat  76,889  bushels 
produced,  Ind.  corn  262,385,  oats  7lJ,531,  potatoes 
35,375,  tobacco  55,167  pounds,  sugar  3,148;  29 
stores,  cap.  $47,450  ;  5  tanneries,  1  flouring  m.,  8 
grist  m.,  15  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,751.  22  8ch. 
210  scholars.     Pop.  9,920. 

Switzerland,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  O.  It  has  3 
sch.  122  scholars.     Pop.  982. 

Sycamore,  p-t.,  Crawford  co.,  O.,  75  n.  Co- 
lumbus, 423  W.  It  has  8  sch.  508  scholars.  Pop. 
960. 

Sycamore,  t.,  Hamilton  co.,  O.  Watered  by 
Mill  creek  and  its  branches.  It  has  several  vil- 
lages. Pop.  3,207 

Sycamore,  p-o.,  Putnam  co.,  O. 

Sycamore,  p-o.,  Claiborne  co.,  Tenn.,  226  E. 
by  n.  Nashville,  468  W. 

Sycamore,  p  o.,  De  Kalb  co.,  111.,  208  n.  n.  e. 
Springfield,  779  W. 

Sycamore  Alley,  p-o.,  Halifax  co.,  N.  C,  85 
N.  E.  Raleigh,  231  W. 

Sydnorsville,  p-v.,  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  183  w. 
by  s.  Richmond,  25i  W. 

Sykesville,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  61  N.  N.  w. 
Annapolis,  56  W. 


SYLACAOOA,  p-o.,  Talladega  co.,  Ala.,  97  e. 
Tusculooxi,  730  W. 

Syi.va,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Ark. 

Sylvan,  p  <>.,  Washtenaw  eo..  Mich.,  59  w. 
Detroit,  517  W. 

Sylvan  Grove,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Ga.,  67  e. 
Milledgeville,  625  W. 

Sylvania,  po.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  150  n.  by  e. 
Harrisburg,  260  W. 

Sylvania,  t.,  Lucas  co.,  O.  It  has  1  sch.  25 
scholars.     Pop.  426. 

Sylvanus,  p-o.,  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  97  w.  s. 
w.  Detroit,  545  W. 

Sylvian,  p-o ,  Jackson  co.,  la. 

Symmes,  t.,  Hamilton  co.,  O.     Situated  on  the 
w.  side  of  Little  Miami  r.     Organized  in  I 
Pop.  1,031. 

Symmes,  t.,  Lawrence  co.,  O.  Symmes  creek 
runs  within  its  e.  border,  and  near  the  bound- 
ary.    It  has  3  sch.  57  scholars.     Pop.  472. 

Syracuse,  p-v.,  Salina  t.,  capital  of  Onondaga 
co.,  N.  Y.,  131  w.  by  n.  Albany,  343  W.  Situa- 
ted on  the  Erie  canal,  at  the  junction  of  the  Os- 
wego canal.  Incorporated  in  1825,  and  contains 
a  court  house,  clerk  s  office,  jail,  an  academy,  2 
banking  houses,  6  churches — Presbyterian,  Epis- 
copal, Baptist,  Methodist,  &c. — 130  stores  of  dif- 
ferent kinds,  2  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  plaster  m., 
3  machine  shops,  3  iron  foundries,  1  tannery,  800 
dwellings,  and  6,500  inhabitants.  This  v.  and  t. 
are  celebrated  lor  the  great  amount  of  fine  salt 
manufactured  from  brine  springs,  which  abound 
here.  Coarse  salt  is  also  produced  by  solar  evap- 
oration. The  total  amount  of  salt  of  all  kinds  in 
1840,  was  524,461  bushels.  A  new  spring  was 
discovered  in  1810,  of  great  strength,  of  which  30 
gallons  of  water  produced  1  bushel  of  fine  salt. 
The  location  of  this  place,  on  the  line  of  the 
western  railroad,  and  at  the  junction  of  2  impor- 
tant canals,  gives  it  great  facilities  for  trade,  and 
its  growth  has  been  rapid. 

Syracuse,  p-v.,  Kosciusko  co.,  la.,  141  n.  by 
E.  Indianapolis,  596  W. 


T. 


Taberg,  p-v.,  Annsville  t.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y^ 
118  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  402  W.  Situated  on  Fish 
cr.,  and  contains  1  church,  1  store,  2  grist  m., 
several  saw  m.,  1  blast  furnace,  and  from  20  to 
25  dwellings. 

Table  Grove,  p-o.,  Fulton  co.,  111.,  71  n.  w. 
Springfield,  849  W.  The  grove  from  whicli  it  is 
named,  is  a  beautiful  tract  of  timber,  of  from  150 
to  200  acres,  elevated  and  commanding  a  delight- 
ful prospect. 

Tabor  Church,  p-o.,  Iredell  co.,  N.  C,  159  w. 
Raleigh,  372  W.  Situated  in  the  w.  part  of  the  co. 

Tacoah,  p-o.,  Gilmer  co.,  Ga.,  194  n.  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  622  W. 

Tacketts  3Iill,  p-o.,  Shafford  co.,  Va. 

Tafton,  p-v.,  Pike  to.,  Pa.,  175  n.  e.  Harris- 
burg, 26J  W. 

Taftsville,  p-v.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  54  s. 
Montpelier,  488  W. 

Taghkanic,  p-t.,  Columbia  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  e. 
Hudson,  41  s.  Albany,  317  W.  The  surface  is 
hilly  and  mountainous ;  soil,  clay,  loam,  and 
gravel,  and  very  fertile  in  the  valleys.  Drained 
bv  Copake  cr.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $1,500 ;  2 
fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  flouring  m.,  2  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,900.  6  sch. 
403  scholars.     Pop.  1,674. 

Taghkanic,  mts.,  N.  Y.,  a  range  in  the  e.  part 
of  the  state,  50  ms.  long,  near  the  state  line,  com- 
mencing in  Rensselaer  co.,  and  entering  Mass., 
and  extending  through  Columbia  and  Dutchess 


counties.  Its  highest  summits  are  in  Sheffield, 
in  the  s.  w.  corner  of  Mass.,  about  3,000  feet 
above  tidewater.  They  are  a  branch  of  the 
Green  mountains,  and  divide  the  waters  which 
flow  into  Hudson  r.  from  those  which  enter  Long 
Island  sound. 

Talking  Rock,  p-o.,  Gilmer  co.,  Ga.,  176  n. 
w.  Milledgeville,  627  W. 

Talbot,  county,  Md.  Situated  toward  the  e. 
part  of  the  state,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Chesapeake 
Day,  and  contains  250  sq.  ms.  Choptank  river 
bounds  it  on  the  e.  Several  bays  set  up  from  the 
Chesapeake,  the  chief  of  which  are  Treadhaven 
and  St.  Michaels.  Wye  r.  bounds  it  on  the  N. 
w.  Capital,  Easton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  8,850,  sheep  9,640,  swine  14,298;  wheat 
222,822  bush,  produced,  rye  4,494,  Ind.  corn 
517,239,  buckwheat  34,  oats  40,151,  potatoes 
20,221,  tobacco  225 ;  1  commission  house,  cap. 
$4,000 ;  29  stores,  cap.  $85,550 ;  2  tanneries,  1 
distillery,  6  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices, 
1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $19,000. 
4  acad.  78  students,  21  sch.  870  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  6,063,  slaves  3,687,  free  col'd  2,340  ;  total, 
12,090. 

Talbot,  county,  Ga.  Situated  s.  E.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  400  square 
miles.  Flint  river  bounds  it  on  the  N.  E., 
by  branches  of  which  it  is  drained.  In  the  w. 
part  some  small  streams  flow  to  Cliattahoochee 
r.    Capital,  Talbotton.     There  were    in   1840, 


TAL 


648 


TAM 


neat  cattle  15,822,  sheep  6,342,  swine  46,025; 
wheat  71,743  bush,  produced,  rye  1,705,  Indian 
corn  671,430,  oats  33,350,  potatoes  16,755,  cotton 
6,772,393  pounds;  34  stores,  cap.  $199,000;  5 
tanneries,  4  flouring  m.,  38  grist  m.,  34  saw  rn. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $99,500.  2  acad.  101  students, 
17  sch.  610  scholars.  Pop.  whites  8,861,  slaves 
6,746,  free  col'd  20  ;  total,  15,627. 

Talbotton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Talbot  co.,  Ga.,  92 
w.  s.  w.  Milledgeville,  726  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  several  stores,  2  churches — 1 
Baptist  and  1  Methodist — 2  academies,  and  about 
800  inhabitants. 

Talladega,  county,  Ala.  Situated  toward 
the  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,230  sq.  ms. 
Coosa  r.  forms  its  w.  boundary,  by  branches  of 
which  and  of  Tallapoosa  r.  it  is  drained.  Capi- 
tal, Talladega.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
16,826,  sheep  3,825,  swine  39,803  ;  wheat  41,106 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  610,357,  oats  26,218, 
potatoes  24,005,  rice  2,495  pounds,  tobacco  6,028, 
cotton  2,610,121 ;  17  stores,  cap.  $107,925;  3  tan- 
neries, 1  distillery,  15  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.,  1  print- 
ing office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $50,632.  6  acad.  182  students,  15  sch.  358 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  7,663,  slaves  4,898,  free 
col'd  26 ;  total,  12,587. 

Talladega,  p-v.,  capital  of  Talladega  co., 
Ala.,  116  e.  Tuscaloosa,  757  W.  Situated  on  a 
branch  of  Coosa  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  and  about  600  inhabitants. 

Taliaferro,  county,  Ga.  Situated  n.  e.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  130  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  branches  of  Little  r.  which  flows  in- 
to Savannah  r.,  and  by  branches  of  Ogeechee  r. 
Capital,  Crawfordsville.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  5,487,  sheep  3,527,  swine  12,215 ; 
wheat  16,627  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  165,411, 
oats  21,336,  potatoes  5,136,  tobacco  410  pounds, 
cotton  1,486,406 ;  10  stores,  cap.  $34,000 ;  1  tan- 
nery, 9  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures, 
$6,000.  6  sch.  201  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,295, 
slaves  2,856,  free  col'd  39  ;  total,  5,190. 

Tallahassee,  cky,  and  capital  of  Leon  co., 
and  of  the  Territory  of  Florida,  20  n.  St.  Marks, 
292  w.  St.  Augustine,  896  W.  It  is  situated  on  a 
commanding  eminence.  A  fine  mill  stream  flow- 
ing from  several  springs,  runs  on  its  e.  border, 
falls  15  or  16  feet  into  a  pool  scooped  out  by  its 
own  current,  and  after  running  a  short  distance, 
sinks  into  a  cleft  of  limestone  rock.  The  city 
contains  a  state  house,  court  house,  jail,  a  market 
house,  a  U.  S.  land  office,  an  academy,  masonic 
hall,  3  churches — 1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist,  and  1 
Presbyterian— a  bank,  3  printing  offices,  3  week- 
ly newspapers,  a. tannery,  about  30  stores,  400 
dwellings,  and  1,616  inhabitants.  In  the  winter 
of  1842  it  contained  about  2,500  inhabitants.  It 
is  regularly  laid  out,  and  has  several  public 
squares. 

Tallahatciiee,  county,  Miss.  Situated  to- 
ward the  n.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains 
1,188  sq.  ms.  Drained  by  Tallahatchee  r.  and  its 
branches.  Capital,  Charleston.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  4,737,  sheep  890,  swine  10,259 ; 
wheat  1,887  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  136,760, 
oats  7,046,  potatoes  11,930,  cotton  1,596,965 
pounds  ;  5  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  3  sch.  48  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  1,392,  slaves  1,591,  free  col'd  2 ;  total, 
2,985. 

Tallapoosa,  r.,  Ga.  and  Ala.,  rises  in  Carroll 
co.,  Ga.,  and  flows  s.  w.  into  Ala.,  where,  by  a 
various  course,  it  receives  numerous  small  tribu- 
taries, and  becomes  a  large  r.,  and  joining  with 
the  Coosa  r.,  between  Montgomery  and  Autauga 
counties,  the  united  stream  forms  the  Alabama 
river* 


Tallapoosa,  county,  Ala.  Situated  toward 
the  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  910  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Tallapoosa  r.  and  its  branches.  Cap- 
ital, Dadeville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
11,991,  sheep  1,025,  swine  13,738;  wheat  11,683 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  159,580,  oats  2,803,  po- 
tatoes 10,484,  tobacco  1,550  pounds,  cotton 
217,609 ;  12  stores,  cap.  $41,550 ;  3  tanneries,  3 
distilleries,  8  flouring  m.,  19  grist  m.,  13  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $60,740.  1  acad.,  10  sch.  248 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,424,  slaves  2,013,  free 
col'd  7  ;  total,  6,444. 

Tallapoosa,  do.,  Carroll  co.,  Ga.,  153  w.  N. 
w.  Milledgeville,  741  W. 

Tallassee,  p-v.,  Tallapoosa  co.,  Ala.,  134  e. 
s.  E.  Tuscaloosa,  814  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side 
of  Tallapoosa  r.  It  contains  several  stores  and 
about  100  inhabitants. 

Tallmadge,  p-t.,  Summit  co.,  O.,  128  n.  e. 
Columbus,  332  W.  Watered  by  Cuyahoga  r. 
The  soil  is  fertile  and  well  cultivated.  The 
Pennsylvania  and  Ohio'  canal  passes  through  it. 
In  the  n.  w.  part  is  an  extensive  bed  of  bitumin- 
ous coal,  which  is  wrought  and  exported.  The 
v.  at  the  centre  is  pleasantly  situated  around  a 
public  square,  from  which  the  roads  diverge  to 
the  different  parts  of  the  t.,  and  contains  a  Con- 
gregational church,  a  store,  a  large  carriage  fac, 
an  academy,  and  a  number  of  dwellings.  The  t. 
also  contains  the  flourishing  v.  of  Middlebury, 
and  a  part  of  the  large  v.  of  Cuyahoga  Falls, 
which  see.  It  has  8  stores,  cap.  $62,500  ;  2  fur- 
naces, 1  forge,  2  tanneries,  1  brewery,  2  paper  fac, 
1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  2  flouring 
m.,  3  saw  m.,  1  oil  rn.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$123,890.  1  acad.  35  students,  9  sch.  273  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  2,134. 

Tallmadge,  p-t.,  Ottowa  co.,  Mich.,  181  w. 
n.  w.  Detroit,  662  W.  It  has  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $15,000.    Pop.  139. 

Tallmadge,  t,  Oceana  co.,  Mich.  Popula- 
tion 139. 

Tallmansville,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  195  n. 
e.  Harrisburg,  289  W. 

Talleyville,  p-o.,  New  Castle  co.,  Del. 

Tally  Ho,  p-o.,  Granville  co.,  N.  C,  43  n. 
Raleigh,  266  W. 

Talofa,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  Flor. 

Tamaqua,  p-b.,  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  79  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  189  W.  Situated  on  Tamaqua  or 
Little  Schuylkill  r.,  at  the  n.  termination  of  the 
railroad  communication  with  Port  Clinton.  It 
was  founded  in  1829,  and  contains  3  stores,  and 
about  35  dwellings.  It  is  surrounded  by  abun- 
dance of  excellent  anthracite  coal,  in  a  wild, 
mountainous,  and  sterile  country.  It  is  chiefly 
dependent  on  the  coal  trade.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $18,000  ;  1  brewery.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$1,720.     Pop.  465. 

Tamarwa,  p-v.,  St.  Clair  co.,  111.,  114  s.  by 
w.  Springfield,  823  W.  Pleasantly  situated  in 
an  elevated  situation  on  the  w.  side  of  Kaskas- 
kia  r.,  at  the  lower  end  of  Twelve  Mile  prairie. 

Tampa,  bay,  Flor.,  called  by  the  Spaniards, 
Espiritu  Santo,  is  the  largest  bay  in  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico.  It  is  40  ms.  long,  and  in  one  place  35 
wide,  with  from  15  to  20  feet  of  water  on  the  bar. 
It  is  easy  of  access,  and  affords  a  safe  anchorage 
for  any  number  of  vessels.  It  receives  Hills- 
boro  r.,  and  at  its  mouth  is  Brock  Cantonment, 
beautifully  situated.  14  ms.  s.  E.  from  this, 
Manate  r.  enters,  about  1  mile  wide  at  its  mouth, 
and  in  some  places  10  feet  deep.  Between  these 
rivers,  Indian  and  Alafia  rivers  enter  the  bay. 
Oyster  r.  enters  20  ms.  below  Manate  r.  Little 
Tampa  bay,  in  its  n.  part,  is  an  elliptical  basin, 
10  ms.  in  diameter,  but  very  shallow.    There  are 


TAR 


649 


TAU 


numerous  islands  at  the  mouth  of  Tampa  bay, 
and  it  abounds  with  fish  and  water  fowls. 

Tampa,  p-v.,  and  capital  of  Hillsboro'  co.,  Flor. 
Situated  at  the  head  of  Tampa  bay. 

Tamworth,  p-t.,  Carroll  co.,  N.  H.,  55  n.  Ton- 
cord,  539  W.  The  surface  consists  of  ridges  and 
valley*,  and  is  uneven  and  rough  ;  soil,  generally 
fertile.  Watered  by  Bearcamp  r.,  which  flows 
into  Ossipee  lake,  and  Conway  r.,  its  branch,  and 
by  headwaters  of  Swift  r.  These  streams  afford 
good  water  power.  Chartered  in  1766,  first  set- 
tled in  1771.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $3,7(W  ;  1  full- 
ing m..  7  saw  in.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,070.  19 
sch.  07-2  scholar*     Pop.  1,717. 

Taney,  county,  ."Mo.  Situated  in  the  s.,  to- 
ward the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,426 
sq.  ms.  Drained  by  White  r.  and  its  branches. 
(  apital,  Forsyth.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle S,133,  sheep  2,424,  swine  11,496;  wheat  6,896 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  182,102,  oats  5,577,  po- 
tatoes 3,844,  tobacco  17,205  pounds,  cotton  10,650, 
sugar  5,900  ;  3  stores,  cap.  $2,600  ;  3  distilleries, 
12  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Pop.  whites  2,212,  slaves  40, 
free  col'd  12  ;  total,  2,264. 

Taneytown,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  22  n.  n. 
e.  Frederick,  71  N.  n.  w.  Annapolis,  68  W.  It  con- 
tains a  number  of  mills,  and  some  iron  works, 
and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Tangipaiiao,  r.,  Miss,  and  La.,  rises  in  Pike 
and  Amite  counties  of  the  former,  and  flows  s. 
into  the  latter,  and  pursues  a  course  s.  by  e.  to 
its  entrance  into  Lake  Pontehartrain,  between 
St.  Tammany  and  Livingston  parishes.  It  is 
about  80  miles  long. 

Tangier  Islands,  Va.,  in  Chesapeake  bay,  in 
the  n.  part  of  the  mouth  of  Pocomoke  bay. 
Taneyville,  p-v.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa. 
Tanner's  Creek,  p-o.,  Dearborn  co.,  la. 
Tanner's  Store,  p  o.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va., 
89  s.  w.  Richmond,  205  W. 

Tannersville,  p-v.,  Hunter  t.,  Greene  co., 
N.  Y.,  50  s.  w.  Albany,  352  W. 

Tannersville,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  124  n. 
e.  Harrisburg,  218  W. 

Tappahannoc,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of 
Essex  county,  Va.,  50  N.  e.  by  e.  Richmond,  112 
W.  Situated  on  the  s.  w.  side  of  Rappahannock 
r.,  50  miles  from  its  mouth  in  Chesapeake  bay. 
The  situation  is  low  and  unhealthy.  It  contains 
a  court  house,  jail,  1  church,  free  to  all  denomi- 
nations, a  female  seminary,  4  stores,  39  dwell- 
ings, and  about  300  inhabitants.  It  has  a  good 
harbor.  All  the  shipping  belonging  to  the  towns 
on  the  r.  is  entered  at  the  custom  house  at  this 
place.    Tonnage  1840,  4,591. 

Tappan,  p-o.,  Harrison,  O.,  110  e.  n.  e.  Colum- 
bus, 299  W.  .  ■[ 

Tappan,  bay,  N.  Y.,  is  an  expansion  of  Hudson 
r.,  22  miles  n.  of  New  York  City,  10  or  12  miles 
long,  and  from  2  to  3  miles  wide.  The  country 
on  its  borders  is  highly  picturesque.  At  the  ter- 
mination of  the  New  York  and  Erie  railroad,  on 
its  w.  side,  a  wharf  has  been  extended  into  it  one 
mile  long,  to  which  steamboats  of  the  largest 
class  can  come. 

Tappantown,  p-v.,  Orangetown  t.,  Rockland 
co.,  N.  Y.,  134  s.  by  w.  Albany,  256  W.  Situ- 
ated 3  miles  w.  of  Hudson  river.  It  contains  2 
churches,  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  20  dwellings,  and 
about  125  inhabitants.  It  is  surrounded  by  a 
fertile  and  highly  cultivated  country.  Here 
Major  Andre  was  executed  as  a  spy,  Oct.  2d, 
1780.  His  remains  have  since  been  removed  to 
England,  and  interred  in  Westminster  Abbey. 

Tarboro',  p-v.,  capital  of  Edgecombe  co.,  N. 
C,  76  E.  by  n.  Raleigh,  262  W.    Situated  on  the 
w.  side  of  Tar  r.,  at  the  head  of  steamboat  navi- 
82 


nation,  86  miles  above  its  mouth,  in  Pamlico 
sound.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a  bank,  an 
academy,  and  about  600  inhabitant*. 

Tar,  r.,  N.  C,  rises  in  Person  co.,  and  flowing, 
in  a  general  course,  s.  k.  by  k.,  it  receives  in 
Bdgeeombe  co.  Fishing  cr.,  a  large  branch  bom 
the  n.,  and  below  Washington  it  expands  into  a 
wide  estuary,  which  is  denominated  Pamlico  r., 
until  it  enters  Pamlico  sound.  Its  entire  length 
is  about  180  miles.  Vessels  drawing  9  feet  of 
water  navigate  it  to  Washington,  and  small 
steamboats  to  Tarborongh. 

Tarentum,  p-v.,  Deer  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa., 
204  w.  by  N.  Harrisburg.  23.')  W.  Situated  on 
the  n.  w.  side  of  Alleghany  r.,  and  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania canal,  18  or  20  miles  above  Pittsburg, 
and  contains  about  40  dwellings. 

Tariff,  p-o.,  Butler  co.,  O.,  117  w.  s.  w.  Co; 
lumbus,  505  W. 

Tariffville,  p-v.,  Simsbury  t.,  Hartford  co., 
Ct.,  12  n.  Hartford,  318  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
bank  of  Farmington  r.  It  contains  an  Episcopal 
church,  and  a  large  carpet  fac,  employ  inn  IW 
laborers,  and  producing,  annually,  about  1 32,000 
yds.  of  ingrain  carpeting. 

Tarlton,  p-v.,  Salt  Creek  t.,  Pickawav  co., 
O.,  10  n.  Circleville,  46  s.  Columbus,  391  W.  It 
contains  1  Methodist,  1  German  Lutheran,  and  1 
Presbyterian  church,  5  stores,  numerous  me- 
chanic shops,  2  tanneries,  60  dwellings,  and  about 
360  inhabitants. 

Tarpaulin  Cove,  Mass.,  9  w.  n.  w.  Holmes 
Hole,  on  the  s.  e.  side  of  Nashawn  island.  It  is 
a  good  harbor. 

Tarrytown,  p-v.,  Greenburg  t.,  Westches- 
ter co.,  N.  Y.,  122  s.  Albany,  252  W.  Situated 
on  the  E.  bank  of  Hudson  r.,  and  contains  3 
churches,  7  stores,  a  female  academy,  the  Irving 
Institute,  100  dwellings,  and  about  1,000  inhabit- 
ants. Here  Major  Andre  was  captured  in  the 
revolutionary  war.  North  of  the  v.  is  "Sleepy 
Hollow,"  rendered  famous  by  the  legend  of 
Washington  Irving.  Steamboats  run  daily  to 
New  York,  and  several  sloops  are  owned  here, 
employed  in  the  river  trade. 

Tarvkrsvili.e,  p-v.,  Twiggs  co.,  Ga.,  53  s.  s. 
w.  Milledgeville,  6.(8  W.  It  contains  an  acade- 
my, 2  stores  and  several  dwellings. 

Tassinong,  p-o..  Porter  co.,  la.,  126  n.  n.  w. 
Indianapolis,  635  W. 

Tate,  t.,  Clermont  co.,  O.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $8,300 ;  3  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  I 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,325.  7  sch.  358 
scholars.     Pop.  2,361. 

Tatnall,  county,  Ga.  Situated  toward  the 
s.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,000  sq.  ms. 
Altamaha  r.  bounds  it  on  the  s.  w.,  and  Cannou- 
chee  r.  on  the  n.  e.  Drained  by  the  Great  Ohoo- 
pee  r.  and  Little  Cannouchee  r.,  and  Pendleton's 
and  Beard's  creeks.  Capital,  Reidsville.  There 
were  in  1340,  neat  cattle  2,677,  sheep  443,  swine 
2,107;  wheat  526  bushels  produced,  Indian  corn 
9,259,  potatoes  4,201,  cotton  9,537  pounds,  sugar 
1,865 ;  1  store,  4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Pop.  whites 
1,873,  slaves  841,  free  col'd  5 ;  total,  2,721. 

Taunton,  r.,  Mass.,  rises  in  Plymouth  county, 
and  running  s.  w.  falls  into  Mount  Hope  bay,  a 
branch  of  Narraganset  bay.  It  is  navigable  for 
sloops  of  50  tons,  twenty  miles,  to  Taunton. 
It  affords  extensive  water  power.  Alewives  are 
abundantly  taken  in  it. 

Taunton,  p-t.,  and  semi-capital  of  Bristol  co., 
Mass..  is  situated  on  Taunton  r.,  which  is  navi- 
gable to  this  place  for  small  vessels,  20  e.  by  N. 
Providence,  32*  s.  Boston,  420  W.  Pop.  1830, 
6,042 ;  1840,  7,645.  First  settled  in  1637.  Canoe 
and  Rumford  rivers  join  Taunton  r.  in  this  town, 


TAZ 


650 


TED 


and  furnish  extensive  water  power,  which  has 
been  well  improved  in  manufacturing.  The 
town  contains  some  good  land,  which  is  well 
cultivated  ;  but  the  inhabitants  depend  chiefly 
upon  manufactures.  The  village  contains  a 
court  house,  a  jail,  a  town  house,  3  banks,  and  8 
churches — 4  Congregational,  2  Baptist,  1  Episco- 
pal, 1  Methodist,  and  1  Roman  Catholic.  Iron 
works  were  established  here  as  early  as  1652,  and 
among  its  manufactures  that  of  nails  is  particu- 
larly distinguished.  A  railroad  connects  this 
place  with  Boston,  and  also  with  New  Bedford. 
There  are  in  the  t.  62  stores,  cap.  $139,800 ;  4 
lumber  yards,  cap.  $19,000 ;  2  furnaces  and  2 
forges;  hardware  and  cutlery  manufactured  to 
the  value  of  $50,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  6  cotton  fac. 
19,956  sp.,  1  dyeing  and  printing  estab.,  1  tan- 
nery, 1  pottery,  12  saw  m.,  1  paper  fac,  3  print- 
ing offices,  2  binderies,  2  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $622,950.  2  acad.  179  students, 
43  sch.  1,900  scholars. 

Taxahaw,  p-o.,  Lancaster  dist.,  S.  C,  89  N. 
by  e.  Columbia,  451  W. 

Taycheida,  p-v.,  Fond  du  Lac  co.,  Wis.,  92  n. 
e.  Madison,  949  W. 

Taylors  Bridge,  p-o.,  Sampson  co.,  N.  C, 
106  s.  s.  e.  Raleigh,  336  W. 

Taylors  Creek,  t.,  Hardin  co.,  O.  It  has  1 
saw  m.,  2  sch.  36  scholars.     Pop.  400. 

Taylors  Mills,  p-o.,  Marion  co.,  Mo.,  119  n. 
n.  e.  Jefferson  City,  933  W. 

Taylors  Stand,  p-o.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  249 
N.  w.  Harrisburg,  326  W. 

Taylors  Store,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  169 
w.  by  s.  Richmond,  244  W. 

Taylorstown,  p-v.,  Buffalo  t.,  Washington 
co.,  Pa.,  216  w.  Harrisburg,  244  W.  It  contains 
several  stores,  and  about  40  dwellings. 

Taylorsville,  p-v.,  Upper  Makefield  t., 
Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  116  e.  Harrisburg,  166  W.  Situ- 
ated on  the  s.  w.  side  of  Delaware  r.,  and  con- 
tains a  store  and  about  10  dwellings.  Here  is  a 
ferry  across  the  Delaware  r.,  and  an  act  of  the 
assembly  was  passed  in  1831  for  the  erection  of  a 
bridge. 

Taylorsville,  p-v.,  Hanover  co.,  Va.,  22  n. 
Richmond,  95  W.  Situated  at  the  junction  of 
Newfound  and  South  Anna  rivers,  and  at  the 
junction  of  the  Richmond,  Fredericksburg,  and 
Louisa  railroads.  It  contains  about  100  inhabit- 
ants. 

Taylorsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Patrick  co., 
Va.  Situated  on  Mayo  r.,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  2  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  2  tobacco  fac, 
1  tannery,  40  dwellings,  and  about  300  inhabit- 
ants.    (See  Patrick  C.  H.) 

Taylorsville,  p-o.,  Fairfield  dist,  S.  C,  18 
N.  Columbia,  487  W. 

Taylorsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Johnson  co., 
Tenn.,  332  e.  by  n.  Nashville,  392  W.  Situated 
N.  of  Roan's  cr.,  a  branch  of  Wataga  r.,  and  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  and  about  75  inhabit- 
ants. 

Taylorsville,  p-t,  capital  of  Spencer  co., 
Ky.,  35  s.  E.  Louisville,  39  w.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  531 
W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of  Salt  r.,  at  the 
junction  of  Brashear's  cr.,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  a  church,  and  398  inhabitants. 

Taylorsville,  t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.  It  has 
3  sch.  122  scholars.    Pop.  785. 

Taylorsville,  p-v.,  Christian  co.,  111.,  26  s. 
e.  Springfield,  754  W. 

Taz  e well,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  s.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,600  square  miles. 
Drained  by  Tug  fork  of  Sandy  r.  and  its  branch- 
es, and  by  head  waters  of  Holston  and  Clinch 
rivers,  and  tributaries  of  Great  Kanawha  river. 


The  surface  is  elevated,  and  in  some  parts  moun- 
tainous. Capital,  Jeffersonville.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,460,  sheep  11,170,  swine 
14,656 ;  wheat  33,688  bushels  produced,  rye 
12,965,  Ind.  corn  149,973,  buckwheat  2,103,  oats 
126,432,  potatoes  15,598,  sugar  43,664  pounds ; 
6  stores,  cap.  $41,000;  4  tanneries,  32  distille- 
ries, 14  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$11,130.  Pop.  whites  5,466,  slaves  786,  free 
col'd  38  ;  total,  6,290. 

Tazewell,  county,  111.  Situated  a  little  n. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,130  sq. 
miles.  Organized  in  1827,  from  Peoria  co.  Illi- 
nois r.  runs  on  its  N.  w.  border.  Drained  by 
Mackinaw  r.,  and  by  branches  of  Sangamon  r. 
The  surface  is  level,  or  slightly  undulating ;  soil, 
partly  sandy  prairie,  and  partly  timbered  with 
oak,  and  fertile.  There  are  some  swamps. 
Capital,  Tremont.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  7,785,  sheep  5,422,  swine  19,973;  wheat 
154,263  bushels  produced,  rye  1,844,  Indian  corn 
423,751,  buckwheat  1,203,  barley  4,553,  oats 
73,630,  potatoes  40,272,  sugar  4,247  pounds ;  14 
stores,  cap.  $29,450 ;  1  tannery,  3  distilleries,  2 
potteries,  2  flouring  m.,  5  grist  m.,  12  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $48,000.  4  acad.  191  students, 
10  sch.  220  scholars.    Pop.  7,221 . 

Tazewell,  p-v.,  capital  of  Marion  co.,  Ga.,  1 10 
s.  w.  Milledgeville,  764  W.  Situated  on  the  e. 
side  of  S.  Whitewater  cr.,  a  branch  of  Flint  r. 
It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  an  academy,  a 
church,  several  stores,  and  25  dwellings. 

Tazewell,  p-v.,  capital  of  Claiborne  co.,  Tenn., 
221  e.  by  n.  Nashville,  473  W.  Situated  near 
the  source  of  Russell's  cr.,  a  tributary  of  Pow- 
ell's r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and  about 
100  dwellings. 

Tazewell,  C.H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Tazewell  co., 
Va.,  234  w.  by  s.  Richmond,  339  W.  It  has  re- 
ceived the  name  of  Jeffersonville.  Situated  on  the 
s.  side  of  the  n.  fork  of  Clinch  r.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  1  church,  free  to  all  denomina- 
tions, 4  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  tannery,  25  dwell- 
ings, and  about  175  inhabitants. 

Tchocunna,  r.,  Ga.,  rises  in  Monroe  co.,  runs 
s.  e.  and  enters  Ocmulgee  r.,  between  Houston 
and  Bibb  counties.     It  is  about  40  ms.  long. 

Tchula,  p-v.,  Holmes  co.,  Miss.,  77  n.  Jack- 
son, 1,012  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Yazoo 
r.,  near  the  s.  point  of  a  s.  bend  in  the  r.,  and 
contains  about  200  inhabitants. 

Teachy's,  p-o.,  and  depot,  Duplin  co.,  N.  C, 
93  s.  s.  E.  Raleigh,  328  W. 

Teaze's  Valley,  p-o.,  Kanawha  co.,  Va., 
334  w.  N.  w.  Richmond,  371  W. 

Teavo,  t.,  Rives  co.,  Mo.  It  has  5  sch.  93 
scholars.    Pop.  852. 

Teche,  r.,  La.,  rises  in  Rapides  parish,  near 
Red  r.,  and  flowing  by  a  winding  course, 
generally  s.  s.  E.,  it  enters  the  outlet  of  Cheti- 
maches  lake  in  St.  Mary's  par.  Its  channel  is 
deep,  and  the  tide  flows  up  it,  over  100  ms.  Like 
the  Mississippi,  the  r.  is  higher  than  the  adjoin- 
ing country,  excepting  its  immediate  banks.  It 
has  8  feet  of  water  on  its  bar,  and  20  feet  within, 
and  is  navigable  100  ms.  to  New  Iberia.  It  is 
about  180  ms.  long,  and  is  200  yds.  wide  at  its 
mouth. 

TEcuMSEH,p-t.,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  57  s.  w. 
Detroit,  511  W.  Watered  by  Raisin  r.  It  has 
3  com.  houses,  cap.  $7,000 ;  12  stores,  cap. 
$70,350 ;  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  1  printing  office, 
1  weekly  newspaper,  2  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $160,000.  1  college, 
20  students,  12  sch.  803  scholars.    Pop.  2,503. 

Tedrow,  p-o.,  Lucas  co.,  O.,  153  tf.w.  Colum- 
bus, 489  W. 


TEN 


651 


TEN 


Tee,  t.,  Carroll  co.,  O.  It  has  4  sch.  116  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,372. 

TXKONSHA,  p-t.,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  105  w. 
Detroit,  566  W  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to 
grain.  The  v.  is  situated  on  St.  Joseph's  r.,  and 
contains  2  stores,  1  saw  m.,  and  about  200  in- 
habitants. There  are  in  the  t.  1  store,  cap. 
$2,300  ;  1  saw  in.  Cap.  in  inanulac.  $2,100.  4 
sch.  125  scholars.     Pop.  375. 

Telfair,  county,  Ga.  Centrally  situated  to- 
ward the  s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  950 
ml  nis.  Drained  by  Ocmulgee  r.,  which  bounds 
it  on  the  s.  w.  and  crosses  it,  and  its  branches, 
the  principal  of  which  are  Turnpike,  Horse  and 
White  creeks,  and  by  the  head  waters  of  Santilla 
r.  Capital,  Jacksonville.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  12,939,  sheep  2,578,  swine  1,015; 
wheat  3,321  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  43,192, 
oats  1,13^,  potatoes  18,939,  rice  3,450  pounds, 
tobacco  100,  cotton  80,780,  sugar  22,510  ;  8  stores, 
cap.  $13,600;  1  tannery,  7  grist  m.,  13  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $104,450.  7  sch.  165  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  2,001,  slaves  757,  free  col'd  5  ;  total, 
2,763. 

Tellico  Plains,  p-o.,  Monroe  co.,  Tenn.,  178 
E.  s.  e.  Nashville,  555  W. 

Teloga  Springs,  p-o.,  Chatooga  co.,  Ga.,  191 
N.  w.  Milledgeville,  645  W. 

Temperance  Village,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa. 

Temperance,  p-o.,  Amherst  co.,  Va.,  118  w. 
Richmond,  170  W. 

Temperance,  p-o.,  Telfair  co.,  Ga.,  104  s.  by 
E.  Milledgeville,  751  W. 

Temperance  Hill,  p-o.,  Moore  co.,  N.  C,  73 
s.  w.  Raleigh,  361  W. 

Tempest  Vallev,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Tenn. 

Temple,  p-t.,  Hillsboro'  co.,  N.  H.,  44  s.  s.  w. 
Concord,  455  W.  Drained  by  branches  of 
Souhegan  r.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $2,500 ;  1  tan- 
nery, 5  sch.  133  scholars.    Pop.  576. 

Temple,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  40  n.  n.  w. 
Augusta.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain. 
It  has  no  considerable  streams.  Sandy  cr.  runs 
near  its  E.  border.  It  has  3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,425.  2  sch.  79  scholars. 
Pop.  955. 

Temple  Mills,  p-o.,  Temple  t.,  Franklin  co., 
Me.,  38  n.  n.  w.  Augusta,  619  W. 

Temple  of  Health,  p-o.,  Abbeville  dist.,  S. 
C,  107  w.  Columbia,  530  W. 

Templeton,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  61  w. 
N.  w.  Boston,  41 1 W.  The  surface  is  moderately 
uneven  ;  soil,  adapted  to  grazing  in  its  more  ele- 
vated parts,  and  to  grain  in  the  valleys.  Wa- 
tered by  branches  of  Miller's  and  Chicapee 
rivers.  The  v.  contains  2  churches — 1  Congre- 
gational and  1  Unitarian — and  about  30  dwell- 
ings. Incorporated  in  1762.  There  are  in  the  t. 
4  stores,  cap.  $30,000 ;  8  fulling  m.,  2  woollen 


fai-.,  l  furnace,  l  tanneries,  2  nisi  m  .  l'">  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $153^800.  lo  sch.  ISO  scholars. 
Poj).  1,776. 

Ti.mim.k ton,  p-v.,  Prince  George  co.,  Va.,  36 
s.  je.  Richmond,  156  W. 

Ten  Islands,  p-o.,  Benton  co.,  Ala.,  114  K.  N. 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  737  W. 

Ten  Mile,  p-o.,  Washington  <-....  Pa  .  288  w. 
Harrisburg,  239  W.  The  cr.  which  gives  it  its 
name,  is  a  considerable  branch  ofMonongahelar. 

Ten  Mile  Kivek.  n •<>.,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  ^  , 
137  s.  w.  Albany,  287  W. 

Ten  Mile  Spring,  p-o.,  Cattaraugus  co., 
N.  Y. 

Ten  Mile  Stand,  p-o.,  Meigs  co.,  Tenn.,  152 
E.  s.  E.  Nashville,  556  W. 

Tennessee  river  runs  chiefly  in  the  state  of 
the  same  name,  and  is  the  largest  tributary  of  the 
Ohio.  Its  most  remote  sources  are  Clinch  r. 
and  Holston  r.,  which  rises  in  the  Alleghany 
mountains  in  Virginia.  Its  other  head  branches 
are  Nolachucky,  French  Broad,  Tellico  and 
Richland.  The  Holston  and  Clinch,  of  which 
the  others  are  branches,  unite  about  45  miles  s. 
of  w.  from  Knoxville,  forming  the  Tennessee 
proper,  which  then  pursues  a  s.  w.  direction 
across  the  state,  and  enters  the  state  of  Alabama, 
in  which  it  pursues  a  westerly  course  for  159  or 
200  miles,  and  then  turns  n.,  and  crosses  the  state 
of  Tennessee,  and  the  western  part  of  Kentucky, 
and  enters  the  Ohio  Hi  ms.  below  the  mouth  of 
Cumberland  river,  and  47i  miles  above  the 
entrance  of  the  Ohio  into  the  Mississippi,  by  the 
course  of  the  river.  It  receives,  through  its 
whole  course,  many  tributaries,  none  of  which 
are  of  very  great  extent.  The  whole  descent  of 
the  river  from  its  most  remote  source  to  its  mouth, 
is  about  1,700  feet ;  its  whole  length  by  the  course 
of  the  river  is  nearly  1,200  miles,  being  longer 
than  the  Ohio  below  Pittsburg.  It  drains  a  sur- 
face of  41,000  square  miles.  There  are  no  per- 
pendicular falls,  and  few  rapids  which  obstruct 
navigation,    through    its    whole    course.     The 

freatest  obstruction  is  the  Muscle  shoals  in  Ala- 
ama.  Florence,  at  the  foot  of  these  rapids  on 
the  n.  side,  is  259  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  to 
this  distance  steamboats  come,  during  high  wa- 
ter. A  canal  has  been  made  around  these  shoals 
36  miles  in  length,  but  is  designed  to  be  extend- 
ed further ;  and  above,  the  navigation  for  boats  is 
unobstructed  for  250  miles.  At  that  distance 
occurs  the  suck  or  whirl,  in  which  the  river 
passes  a  large  projecting  rock  on  the  n.  side, 
causing  a  sudden  bend  in  the  river,  which  pro- 
duces the  whirl.  The  whirl  is  at  the  entrance 
into  the  Cumberland  mountains,  above  which  the 
country  is  rough,  and  the  navigation  is  more  dif- 
ficult. The  river  being  rapid,  is  chiefly  favora- 
ble to  navigation  down  the  stream. 


TENNESSEE. 

Tennessee,  one  of  the  western  United  States,  is  bounded  n.  by  Kentucky ;  e.  by  North  Caro- 
lina ;  s.  by  Georgia,  Alabama,  and  Mississippi ;  and  w.  by  the  Mississippi  river,  which  separates  it 
from  Arkansas  and  Missouri.  It  lies  between  35°  and  36°  3C  n.  lat.,  and  between  81°  307  and  90° 
W  w.  Ion.,  and  between  4°  39'  and  13°  14'  w.  from  W.  It  is  at  its  mean  length  400  miles,  and  its 
mean  breadth  114  miles ;  containing  45,600  square  miles,  or  29,184,000  acres.  The  population  in 
1790,  was  35,691 ;  in  1800,  105,602 ;  in  1810,  261,727;  in  1820,  422,813;  in  1830,  681,904;  in  1840, 
829,210,  of  which  183,059  were  slaves.  Of  the  free  population  325,43-1  were  white  males ;  315,193 
do.  females ;  2,796  free  colored  males ;  2,728  do.  females.  Employed  in  agriculture,  227,739 ;  in 
commerce,  2,217;  in  manufactures  and  trades,  17,815;  navigating  the  ocean,  rivers,  &c,  357; 
learned  professions,  2,042. 

This  state  is  divided  into  72  counties,  which,  with  their  population  in  1840,  and  their  capitals, 
were  as  follows :  Eastern  District— Anderson,  5,658,  Clinton ;  Bledsoe,  5,676,  Pikeville ;  Blount, 


TEN 652 TEN 

11,745,  Marysville  ;  Bradley,  7,385,  Cleveland  ;  Campbell,  6,149,  Jacksborough ;  Carter,  5,372, 
Elizabethtown ;  Claiborne,  9,474,  Tazewell ;  Cocke,  6,992,  Newport ;  Granger,  10,572,  Rut- 
ledge  ;  Greene,  16,076,  Greeneville  ;  Hamilton,  8,175,  Dallas;  Hawkins,  15,035,  Rogersville 
Jefferson,  12,076,  Dandridge  ;  Johnson,  2,658,  Taylorsville  ;  Knox,  15,485,  Knoxville ;  Marion 
6,070,  Jasper  ;  McMinn,  12,719,  Athens  ;  Meigs,  4,794,  Decatur ;  Monroe,  12,056,  Madisonville  ; 
Morgan,  2,660,  Montgomery;  Polk,  3,570,  Bentonville ;  Rhea,  3,985,  Washington;  Roane, 
10,948,  Kingston ;  Sevier,  6,442,  Sevierville ;  Sullivan,  10,736,  Blountville ;  Washington, 
11,751,  Jonesborough.  Middle  District— Bedford,  20,546,  Shelbyville  ;  Cannon,  7,193,  Wood- 
bury;  Coffee,  8,184,  Manchester;  Davidson,  30,509,  Nashville;  De  Kalb,  5,868,  Smithville ; 
Dickson,  7,074,  Charlotte  ;  Fentress,  3,550,  Jamestown  ;  Franklin,  12,033, Winchester;  Giles, 
21,494,  Pulaski ;  Hickman,  8,618,  Centreville ;  Humphreys,  5,195,  Reynoldsburg ;  Jackson, 
12,872,  Gainesborougb  ;  Lawrence,  7,121,  Lawrenceburg  ;  Lincoln,  21,493,  Fayetteville  ;  Mar- 
shal, 14,555,  Lewisburg  ;  Maury,  28,186,  Columbia  ;  Montgomery,  16,927,  Clarksville  ;  Over- 
ton, 9,279,  Monroe ;  Robertson,  13,801,  Springfield  ;  Rutherford,  24,280,  Murfreesborough ; 
Smith,  21,179,  Carthage;  Sumner,  22,445,  Gallatin  ;  Stewart,  8,587,  Dover;  Warren,  10,803, 
McMinnville  ;  Wayne,  7,705,  Waynesborough ;  White,  10,747,  Sparta ;  Williamson,  27,006, 
Franklin ;  Wilson,  24,460,  Lebanon.  Western  District — Benton,  4,772,  Camden ;  Carroll, 
12,362,  Huntingdon ;  Dyer,  4,484,  Dyersburg ;  Fayette,  21,501,  Somerville  ;  Gibson,  13,689, 
Trenton ;  Hardeman,  14,563,  Bolivar ;  Hardin,  8,245,  Savannah ;  Haywood,  13,870,  Browns- 
ville ;  Henderson,  11,875,  Lexington ;  Henry,  14,906,  Paris ;  Lauderdale,  3,435,  Ripley ; 
Madison,  16,530,  Jackson  ;  McNairy,  9,385,  Purdy  ;  Obion,  4,814,  Troy ;  Perry,  7,419,  Perry- 
ville;  Shelby,  14,721,  Raleigh;  Tipton,  6,800,  Covington  ;  Weakley,  9,870,  Dresden. 

Nashville,  on  the  s.  bank  of  Cumberland  river,  is  the  seat  of  government. 

Cumberland  mountains  run  through  the  middle  of  the  state,  in  the  direction  of  N.  E.  and  s.  w., 
dividing  it  into  two  parts,  denominated  East  Tennessee  and  West  Tennessee.  The  western  part  of 
Tennessee  is  level,  or  gently  undulating  ;  in  the  middle  it  is  hilly.  East  Tennessee  abounds  in 
mountains,  many  of  them  elevated,  presenting  much  grand  and  picturesque  scenery.  Of  the 
mountains,  Cumberland,  or  Great  Laurel  ridge,  is  the  most  remarkable.  It  nowhere  has  an  eleva- 
tion of  more  than  1,000  feet.  The  names  of  the  other  mountains  are  Stone,  Yellow,  Iron,  Bald, 
Smoky,  and  Unika,  which  form  a  chain  in  a  N.  e.  and  s.  w.  direction,  and  constitute  the  eastern 
boundary  of  the  state.  Northwest  of  these  are  Bay's  mountain,  Copper  ridge,  Clinch  mountain, 
Powell's  mountain,  and  Welling's  ridge,  with  valleys  between  them  from  5  to  10  miles  wide. 
These  valleys  open  passages  for  rivers  and  roads.  Caves  of  great  depth  and  extent  are  found 
throughout  the  state. 

The  soil  is  various,  but  generally  fertile.  The  western  part  has  a  black,  rich  soil ;  in  the  middle 
are  great  quantities  of  excellent  land ;  in  the  eastern  part  the  mountains  are  poor,  but  the  valleys 
are  very  fertile.  The  country  has  a  great  profusion  of  native  timber,  poplar,  hickory,  walnut,  oak, 
beach,  sycamore,  locust,  cherry,  sugar-maple,  &c,  and  in  some  parts  are  great  quantities  of  cane, 
very  thick  and  strong.  There  are  many  medicinal  plants,  such  as  snakeroot,  ginseng,  Carolina 
pink,  angelica,  senna,  anise,  and  spikenard.  The  soil  produces  abundantly  cotton  and  tobacco, 
the  staple  commodities  of  the  state ;  also  grain,  grass,  and  fruit.  Cattle  are  extensively  exported 
from  East  Tennessee. 

In  1840  there  were  in  this  state,  341,409  horses  and  mules  ;  822,851  neat  cattle ;  741,593  sheep; 
2,926,607  swine  ;  poultry  valued  at  $606,969.  There  were  produced  4,569,692  bushels  of  wheat ; 
4,809  of  barley  ;  7,035,678  of  oats ;  304,320  of  rye  ;  17,118  of  buckwheat ;  44,986,188  of  Ind.  corn  ; 
1,060,332  pounds  of  wool ;  850  of  hops ;  50,907  of  wax  ;  1,904,370  bushels  of  potatoes ;  31,233  tons 
of  hay  ;  3,344  of  hemp  and  flax ;  29,550,432  pounds  of  tobacco  ;  7,977  of  rice ;  27,701,277  of  cotton  ; 
1,217  of  silk  cocoons  ;  258,073  of  sugar.  The  products  of  the  dairy  were  valued  at  $472,141 ;  and 
of  the  orchard  at  $367,105 ;  value  of  lumber  produced,  $217,606  ;  3,336  barrels  of  tar,  pitch,  &c, 
were  made. 

A  considerable  portion  of  this  state  rests  on  a  bed  of  limestone.  Gypsum  in  large  quantities  has 
been  discovered.  Copperas,  alum,  nitre,  and  lead,  are  among  the  minerals,  and  some  silver  has 
been  found.  Saltpetre  forms  a  considerable  article  of  commerce.  Many  salt  springs,  and  some 
valuable  mineral  springs,  have  been  found. 

The  climate  is  mild  and  generally  healthy.  The  winter  in  Tennessee  resembles  the  spring  in 
New  England.  Snow  seldom  falls  to  a  greater  depth  than  10  inches,  or  lies  longer  than  10  days. 
Cumberland  river  has  been  frozen  over  but  three  or  four  times  since  the  country  was  settled.  Cat- 
tle are  rarely  sheltered  in  winter.  Some  low  grounds  in  the  western  part  of  the  state  are  subject 
to  bilious  fevers  and  fever  and  ague,  but  they  constitute  but  a  very  small  portion  of  the  state. 

The  usual  route  to  a  market  is  down  the  Cumberland  and  Tennessee  rivers  to  the  Ohio,  and 
thence  to  New  Orleans.  Foreign  goods  come  extensively  from  the  east  through  Pittsburgh.  Cat- 
tle, in  considerable  numbers,  are  driven  from  Last  Tennessee  to  an  eastern  market. 

Tennessee  river,  though  it  has  not  its  rise  nor  its  entrance,  has  its  chief  course  in  this  state.    It 


TEN C53 TEN 

is  1,200  miles  long,  and  is  navigable  for  steamboats  to  Florence  in  Alabama,  259  miles  above  its 
entrance  into  the  Ohio,  and  for  boats  250  miles  further.  Cumberland  river  rises  in  Kentucky,  but 
runs  mainly  in  Tennessee.  It  is  navigable  for  steamboats  200  miles  to  Nashville,  and  for  boats 
300  miles  further.  It  enters  the  Ohio  in  Kentucky,  60  miles  from  the  Mississippi.  The  Holston, 
Clinch,  French  Broad,  and  Iliwassee,  are  branches  of  the  Tennessee.  Obion,  Forked  Deer,  and 
Wolf  rivers,  in  the  western  part  of  the  state,  flow  into  the  Mississippi,  and  are  navigable  for  boats. 
Nashville  is  the  largest  and  most  commercial  place  in  the  state.  Knoxville,  on  the  Holston 
river,  is  the  principal  town  in  East  Tennessee,  and  was  formerly  the  seat  of  government.  Mur- 
freesborough,  in  West  Tennessee,  was  formerly  the  seat  of  government,  and  is  in  the  midst  of  a 
fertile  country.  Memphis,  on  the  Mississippi,  is  a  place  of  considerable  business.  Clarksville, 
Franklin,  Jonesboro',  Winchester,  and  Columbia,  are  considerable  places. 

There  were  in  1840,  13  commercial  and  52  commission  houses  engaged  in  foreign  trade,  with  a 
capital  of  $1,495,100;  1,032  retail  drygoods  and  other  stores,  with  a  capital  of  $7,357,300;  1,126 
persons  employed  in  the  lumber  trade,  with  a  capital  of  $6,700;  31  persons  employed  in  internal 
transportation,  who,  with  5  butchers  and  packers,  employed  a  capital  of  $93,811. 

The  amount  of  home-made  or  family  goods  was  $2,886,661.  There  were  26  woollen  manufac- 
tories and  4  fulling  mills,  employing  45  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $14,290,  with 
a  capital  of  $25,600  ;  38  cotton  manufactories  with  16,813  spindles,  employing  1,542  persons,  pro- 
ducing articles  to  the  amount  of  $325,719,  with  a  capital  employed  of  $463,240;  34  furnaces,  pro- 
ducing 16,128  tons  of  cast  iron,  and  99  forges,  &c,  producing  9,673  tons  of  bar  iron,  employing 
2,266  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $1,514,736 ;  4  persons  produced  gold  to  the  amount  of  $1,500,  with 
a  capital  of  $400 ;  2  smelting  houses  for  lead  ;  21  persons  produced  13,942  bushels  of  bituminous 
coal ;  5  paper  manufactories  produced  articles  to  the  amount  of  $46,000 ;  other  manufactories  of 
paper  produced  articles  to  the  amount  of  $14,000,  the  whole  employing  87  persons,  and  a  capital 
of  $93,000;  177  persons  produced  hats  and  caps  to  the  amount  of  $104,949;  454  tanneries 
employed  909  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $481,114;  374  other  leather  manufactories,  as  saddleries, 
&c,  produced  articles  to  the  amount  of  $359,050,  with  a  capital  of  $154,540  ;  29  potteries  employed 
50  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $51,600,  with  a  capital  of  $7,300 ;  266  persons  pro- 
duced machinery  to  the  amount  of  $257,704  ;  142  persons  manufactured  hardware  and  cutlery  to 
the  amount  of  $57,170;  34  persons  manufactured  564  small-arms;  11  persons  manufactured  the 
precious  metals  to  the  amount  of  $28,460 ;  10  persons  manufactured  granite  and  marble  to  the 
amount  of  $5,400 ;  417  persons  produced  brick  and  lime  to  the  amount  of  $119,371 ;  1,426  distiller- 
ies produced  1,109,107  gallons,  and  6  breweries  produced  1,835  gallons,  the  whole  employing  1,341 
persons,  and  a  capital  of  $218,182;  518  persons  manufactured  carriages  and  wagons  to  the  amount 
of  $219,897,  employing  a  capital  of  $80,878;  28  ropewalks  employed  258  persons,  producing  arti- 
cles to  the  amount  of  $132,630,  and  employing  a  capital  of  $84,230;  255  flouring  mills  produced 
67,831  barrels  of  flour,  and,  with  other  mills,  employed  2,100  persons,  producing  articles  to  the 
amount  of  $1,020,664,  and  employing  a  capital  of  $1,310,195;  203  persons  manufactured  furniture 
to  the  amount  of  $79,580,  with  a  capital  of  $30,650  ;  193  brick  or  stone  houses,  and  1,098  wooden 
houses,  were  built  by  1,467  persons,  at  a  cost  of  $427,402 ;  41  printing  offices,  5  binderies,  2  daily, 
6  semi-weekly,  and  38  weekly  newspapers,  and  10  periodicals,  employed  191  persons,  and  a  capi- 
tal of  $112,500.    The  whole  amount  of  capital  employed  in  manufactures  was  $3,73l,5SQ. 

Greenville  College,  at  Greenville,  in  East  Tennessee,  was  founded  in  1794  ;  Washington  Col- 
lege, in  Washington  county,  was  founded  in  1794  ;  the  University  of  Nashville,  in  Nashville,  the 
most  important  literary  institution  in  the  state,  was  founded  in  1806 ;  East  Tennessee  College,  at 
Knoxville,  was  founded  in  1807 ;  Jackson  College,  near  Columbia,  was  founded  in  1830.  The 
Southwestern  Theological  Seminary,  at  Marysville,  was  founded  in  1821.  The  number  of  stu- 
dents in  all  these  institutions  in  1840,  was  369.  There  were  in  the  state  152  academies,  with  5,539 
students  ;  and  983  common  and  primary  schools,  with  25,099  scholars.  There  were  58,531  white 
persons,  over  20  years  of  age,  who  could  neither  read  nor  write. 

In  1836  the  Methodists  had  127  travelling  preachers,  and  34,266  communicants ;  the  Baptists 
had  413  churches,  219  ministers,  and  20,472  communicants  ;  the  Presbyterians  had  120  churches, 
90  ministers,  and  10,000  communicants  ;  the  Episcopalians  had  1  bishop  and  8  ministers.  There 
were  besides  many  Cumberland  Presbyterians,  and  some  Lutherans,  Friends,  Christians,  and 
Catholics. 

At  the  commencement  of  1839  there  were  in  the  state  1  bank  and  7  branches,  with  an  aggregate 
capital  of  $2,292,757,  and  a  circulation  of  $742,542.  The  state  debt  at  the  close  of  1840,  was 
$1,789,166. 

The  constitution  of  this  state  was  formed  in  1796,  at  Knoxville.  This  constitution  was  revised 
and  amended,  and  ratified  by  the  people,  in  March,  1835.  The  governor  is  elected  by  the  people 
for  2  years,  but  is  not  eligible  more  than  6  years  in  8.  The  representatives  are  chosen  biennially, 
and  their  number  cannot  exceed  75  until  the  population  is  500,000,  and  never  afterwards  exceed  99, 
apportioned  among  the  different  counties  according  to  the  number  of  qualified  voters.    The  sena- 


TER 


654 


TEX 


tors  are  chosen  and  apportioned  in  like  manner,  and  can  never  exceed  one  third  the  number  of 
representatives.  The  legislature  meets  biennially,  at  Nashville,  in  October  following  the  election. 
It  can  be  called  together  at  other  times,  by  the  governor,  if  necessary.  The  judges  of  the  supreme 
court  are  chosen  by  the  joint  ballot  of  both  houses  of  the  legislature,  and  hold  their  offices  during 
12  years.  Every  white  person  over  21  years  of  age,  who  is  a  freeholder  in  the  county  where 
he  offers  his  vote,  or  who  has  resided  in  the  county  6  months  immediately  preceding  the  election, 
enjoys  the  right  of  suffrage. 

The  internal  improvements  of  Tennessee  consist  of  several  railroads.  Lagrange  and  Memphis  rail- 
road extends  from  Memphis,  on  the  Mississippi,  50  ms.  to  Lagrange,  in  Lafayette  county.  Somerville 
branch  extends  from  the  main  road  at  Moscow,  16  miles,  to  Somerville.  The  Hiwassee  railroad 
extends  from  Knoxville,  98£  miles,  to  the  Georgia  line,  where  it  unites  with  the  Western  and  Atlantic 
railroad  of  Georgia.  The  New  Orleans  and  Nashville  railroad  is  designed  to  pass  through  this 
state. 

This  state  was  originally  included  in  the  charter  of  North  Carolina  given  by  Charles  II.,  in  1664 ; 
but  no  settlement  had  been  made  beyond  the  Alleghany  mountains  until  1757,  when  a  few  hardy 
pioneers  established  themselves  at  Fort  Loudon,  on  Watauga  river.  This  fort  was  attacked  by  the 
Indians  in  1760,  when  more  than  200  men,  women,  and  children,  were  massacred.  But  the  sav- 
ages were  chastised  and  subdued  by  Col.  Grant  and  his  troops  the  following  year,  and  a  favorable 
treaty  was  made  by  the  natives.  In  1765  settlements  began  on  the  Holston  river.  During  the 
earlier  parts  of  the  revolutionary  war  the  people  of  this  territory  had  frequent  contests  with  the 
Indians,  and,  in  the  latter  part  of  it,  with  the  combined  forces  of  the  British  and  Indians.  In  1784 
North  Carolina  ceded  this  territory  to  the  United  States,  but  soon  repealed  the  act,  and  the  people 
set  up  an  independent  government,  calling  it  the  State  of  Frankland,  which  brought  them  into  col- 
lision with  North  Carolina.  The  territory  was  finally  ceded  to  the  United  States  in  1790,  and  a 
territorial  government  was  established  under  the  name  of  the  Territory  Southwest  of  the  Ohio 
river.  In  1796,  Tennessee  was  admitted  into  the  Union.  The  citizens  of  this  state  bore  an 
important  part  in  the  last  war,  and  particularly  in  the  defence  of  New  Orleans. 


Tennessee  Iron  Works,  p-o.,  Montgomery 
co.,  Tenn. 

Tennessee  River,  p-o.,  Macon  co.,  N.  C,  341 
w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  571  W. 

Tennille,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Ga. 

Tensaw,  r.,  Ala.  It  is  the  eastern  outlet  of 
Mobile  r.,  8  ms.  below  the  union  of  Tombigbee 
and  Alabama  rivers,  which  form  the  Mobile  r. 
It  flows  s.  by  Blakeley,  and  enters  Mobile  bay 
by  several  mouths.  A  little  below,  where  it 
leaves  Mobile  r.,  it  contains  a  considerable  island. 

Tensaw,  r.,  La.,  rises  in  Chicot  co.,  Ark.,  and 
flowing  s.  by  w.  nearly  parallel  with  the  Missis- 
sippi, falls  into  the  Washita  r.  It  flows  through 
the  parishes  of  Carroll  and  Madison,  and  forms 
the  boundary  between  Concordia  and  Cattahoula 
parishes. 

Tensaw,  p-o.,  Baldwin  co.,  Ala.,  117  s.  Tus- 
caloosa, 969  W. 

Terre  Bonne,  parish,  La.    Situated  in  the  s. 

girt  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,850  sq.  ms. 
ounded  s.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  The  surface 
is  low  and  level.  Drained  by  Terre  Bonne,  Pe- 
tite, and  Grand  Bayou  Cailloux,  and  Bayou  de 
Large  rivers.  Much  of  the  soil  is  too  low  for 
cultivation,  but  on  the  banks  of  the  streams  it  is 
very  fertile,  well  adapted  to  the  sugar  cane. 
Capital,  Williamsburg.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  4,764,  sheep  1,013,  swine  5,473;  Ind. 
corn  115,002  bush,  produced,  potatoes  28,283,  rice 
17,880  pounds,  cotton  1,003,850,  sugar  6,875,600; 
1  store,  cap.  $10,000.  2  sch.  40  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  2,075,  slaves  2,300,  free  col'd  35;  total, 
4,410. 

Terre  Coupee,  p-v.,  St.  Joseph  co.,  la.,  163  n. 
Indianapolis,  645  W. 

Terre  Haute,  p-v.,  capital  of  Vigo  co.,  la.,  73 
w.  Indianapolis,  644  W.  Pleasantly  situated  on 
elevated  ground,  on  the  e.  bank  of  Wabash  r. 
The  national  road  crosses  the  r.  here  on  a  fine 
bridge.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  2  churches 
— 1  Congregational  and  1  Methodist — a  bank,  a 
fine  market  house,  a  seminary,  2  steam  mills,  a 


brewery,  5  commission  houses,  50  stores,  and 
about  2,000  inhabitants. 

Terrapin  Creek,  p-o.,  Cherokee  co.,  Ala., 
194  n.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  691  W. 

Terre  Salis,  p-o.,  and  Salt  Works,  Clay  co., 

Terrysville,  p-v.,  Plymouth  t.,  Litchfield 
co.,  Ct.,  21  w.  s.  w.  Hartford,  341  W.  It  is  cel- 
ebrated for  its  extensive  manufacture  of  wooden 
clocks. 

Terrysville,  p-v.,  Abbeville  dist.,  S.  C,  104 
w.  Columbia,  551  W. 

Terrytown,  p-v.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  149  n.  by 
E.  Harrisburg,  260  W. 

Tete  des  Mort,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Iowa. 

Tewksbury,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  21  n. 
w.  Boston,  449  W.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil, 
light  and  sandy.  Merrimac  r.  bounds  it  on  the 
N.  w.,  and  Concord  r.  on  the  w.  Shawsheen  r. 
passes  through  it.  The  v.  contains  a  Unitarian 
church.  The  Boston  and  Lowell  railroad  passes 
through  a  corner  of  the  t.  on  the  w.  Incorporated 
in  1734.  There  are  in  the  t.  2  stores,  cap.  $2,600 ; 
2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $3,200.     6  sch.  440  scholars.     Pop.  906. 

Tewksbury,  t.,  Hunterdon  co.,  N.  J.,  14  n.  e. 
Flemington.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  clay  and 
loam,  fertile  and  well  cultivated.  Drained  by 
Rockaway  cr.  and  its  branches,  and  by  Laming- 
ton  r.  It  contains  the  villages  of  New  German- 
town  and  Pottersville.  There  are  in  the  t.  9 
stores,  cap.  $22,200;  2  tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  5 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,450.  8  sch.  274 
scholars.    Pop.  1,944. 

Texas,  p-o.,  Mexico  t.,  Oswego  co.,  N.  Y.,  165 
w.  n.  w.  Albany,  387  W. 

Texas,  t,  Wayne  co.,  Pa.  Drained  by  Sax- 
awaxen  cr.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,000 ;  2  tan- 
neries, 1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,250.  7  sch. 
172  scholars.    Pop.  1,094. 

Texas,  t.,  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000.  3  sch.  59  scholars. 
Pop.  249. 


TIIO 


655 


TITO 


Tkxas,  p-o.,  Meriwether  co.,  Ga.,  95  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville, 714  W. 

THAMES,  r.,  Ct.,  formed  bv  the  union  of  She- 
tucket  and  Yantic  riven,  al  Norwich  City, 
whence  it  Hows  s.  14  ms.  to  Long  Island  sound, 
at  New  London.  It  is  navigable  for  sloops  and 
steamlxMit?  to  Norwich  City.  The  harbor  at  its 
mouth  at  New  London  is  the  bee!  in  the  state, 
nnd  one «.f'ih.'  beat  in  the  United  States,  defended 
by  Fort  Trumbull  in  New  London,  and  Fort 
Griswold  in  Groton,  opposite. 

Tiik  Corner,  p-o.,  Ulster  co.,  N.  Y.,  77  s.  s. 
w.  Albany,  SW  W. 

Tiik  EXCHANGE,  p-o.,  McCracken  co.,  Ky., 
281  w.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  806  W. 

Thk  Forks,  p-o.,  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  84  n.  n. 
w.  Augusta,  679  W. 

THE  Forks,  p-o.,  Fauquier  co.,  Va. 

The  Meadows,  p-o.,  Bedford  co.,  Va. 

Thk  Plains,  p-o.,  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  119  n.  w. 
Richmond,  55  W. 

The  Purchase,  p-o.,  Harrison  t.,  Westchester 
co.,  N.  Y.,  133  s.  by  K.  Albany,  288  W.  It  con- 
tains a  Friends  church  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Theresa,  p-t.,  Jefferson  co.,  N.  Y.,  183  N.  w. 
Albany,  435  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  and 
broken ;  soil,  indiflerent.  Drained  by  Indian  r. 
Organized  in  1841.  The  v.  is  situated  on  Indian 
r.,  and  contains  1  church,  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.,  30  dwellings,  and  about  175  inhabitants. 

Thetford,  p-t.,  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  43  s.  s.  e. 
Montpelier,  498  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  and 
rough ;  soil,  fertile,  well  adapted  to  grazing. 
Connecticut  r.  bounds  it  on  the  e.  Watered  by 
Ompompanoo8uc  r.,  which  here  receives  a  branch, 
both  of  which  afford  good  water  power.  The  v., 
at  the  centre,  contains  a  Congregational  church, 
an  academy,  several  stores,  and  a  number  of 
neat  dwellings.  There  are  2  other  small  villages 
on  Ompompanoosuc  r.  It  has  6  stores,  cap. 
$20,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries, 
4  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$35,180.  2  acad.  176  students,  17  sch.  706  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  2,065. 


The  Village,  p-o.,  Point  Coupee  par.,  La. 
Thibodeauxville,  p-v.,  capital  of  La  Fourche 
par.,  La.,  106  s.  w.  New  Orleans,  1,243  W.  Sit- 
uated on  the  s.  w.  side  of  Bayou  La  Fourche,  and 
contains  a  court  house  and  jail,  and  about  400 
inhabitants. 

Thomas,  county,  Ga.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,089  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Ocklockonee  r.  and  its  branches,  and 
by  branches  of  Withlacoochee  r.  Capital,  Tho- 
masville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  24,699, 
sheep  2,798,  swine  17,960;  wheat  1,040  bush, 
produced,  rye  703,  Indian  corn  149,736,  oats 
3,341,  potatoes  49,169,  rice  23,625  pounds,  cotton 
1,565,262,  sugar  52,445;  17  stores,  cap.  91,650; 
13  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,525. 
2  acad.  36  students,  8  sch.  169  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  3,810,  slaves  2,930,  free  col'd  26 ;  total, 
6,766. 

Thomaston,  p-t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  42  s.  E. 
Augusta,  619  W.  Situated  between  Penobscot 
bay  on  the  e.,  and  St.  George's  r.  on  the  w.  It 
contains  an  abundance  of  limestone,  and  lime  is 
made  to  the  amount  of  300,000  casks  annually. 
Large  ships  come  up  St.  George  r.  to  this  t.,  12 
ms.  from  the  ocean.  The  Maine  state  prison  is 
located  here,  situated  on  the  bank  of  St.  George 
r.,  on  which  is  found  a  blue  granite,  which  the 
prisoners  are  extensively  employed  in  cutting, 
and  preparing  for  exportation.  The  buildings, 
which  are  spacious  and  commodious,  have  at- 
tached to  them  10  acres  of  ground.    Major-ge 


died  here,  in  1807,  and  was  buried  in  the  middle 
of  a  thick  cedar  grore,  on  liis  own  ground,  neex 
his  beautiful  dwelling.  It  ha*  90  ■tore*,  capital 
$131,100;  3  lumber  yards,  cap.  $1,060;  2  fulling 

m.,  1  pottery,  9  printing  Office*.  8  weekly  news- 
papers, 3  grist  in..  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  luanul'ac. 
$211,410.  1  college  15  students,  3  acad  166  stu- 
dents, 27  sch.  2,423  scholars.     |\>p.  6,tST 

Thomaston,  p-v.,  capital  of  Upton  00%,  <m.,  81 
w.  by  s.   MtlledgeyiUe,  703  W.    It  contains  a 
court  house  and  jail,  2  churches— 1    Bapl 
Methodist — an  academy,  6  stores,  and  30  dwell- 
ings. 

Thomastown,  p-v.,  Leake  co.,  Miss.,  52  n.  e. 
Jackson,  994  W. 

Thomasville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Thomas  co.,Ga.f 
231  Milledgeville,  888  W. 

Thomasville,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Tenn., 
291  e.  Nashville,  420  W.  Situated  on  the  s. 
bank  of  Nolachucky  r. 

Thompson,  p-t.,  Windham  co.,  Ct.,  48  E.  N.  E. 
Hartford,  384  W.  The  surface  is  hilly;  soil, 
gravelly  loam,  and  fertile.  Drained  by  Quinne- 
baug,  French,  and  Five  Mile  rivers,  which  afford 
good  water  power.  It  contains  4  churches — 1 
Congregational,  2  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist.  The 
v.,  at  the  centre,  is  on  elevated  ground,  and  con- 
tains a  Congregational  and  a  Baptist  church,  a 
bank,  4  stores,  a  printing  office,  and  about  30 
dwellings,  many  of  them  neat.  There  is  a  man- 
ufacturing v.  in  the  s.  part  of  the  t.  There  are 
in  the  1. 15  stores,  cap.  $26, 100 ;  1  tannery,  7  grist 
m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $424,650.  1 
acad.  30  students,  15  sch.  627  scholars.  Pop. 
3,535. 

Thompson,  t.,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  Y.,  110  s.  w 
Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  sandy  and 
gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  Mongoup  and  Ne- 
versink  rivers.  It  contains  the  v.  of  Monticello, 
the  capital  of  the  co.  It  has  8  stores,  capital 
$30,300;  1  fulling  m.,  4  tanneries,  1  printing 
office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  2  grist  m.,  22  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $126,700.  18  sch.  741 
scholars.     Pop.  2,610. 

Thompson,  p-t.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  184  N. 
N.  E.  Harrisburg,  284  W.  It  has  1  tannery.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $2,300.  5  sch.  125  scholars.  Pop. 
325. 

Thompson,  p-t.,  Geauga  co.,  O.,  190  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 349  W.  It  has  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  4 
saw  m.,  8  sch.  538  scholars.     Pop.  1,028. 

Thompson,  t,  Senoca  co.,  O.    It  has  1  pot>- 
tery,  2  saw  m.,  5  sch.  180  scholars.    Pop.  1,404. 
Thompson,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  O.    Situated  on 
the  w.  side  of  Scioto  r.    It  has  5  sch.  136  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  660. 

Thompson,  p-v.,  Warren  co.,  Ga.,  38  w.  Au- 
gusta, 56  n.  e.  Milledgeville,  615  W.  A  depot 
on  the  Ga.  railroad. 

Thompson,  t.,  Pike  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1  gnst  m., 
1  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,800.     Pop.  390. 

Thompson's,  p-o.,  Fairfield  dist.,  S.  C.,  24  n. 
Columbia,  506  W. 

Thompson's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Louisa  co., 
Va.,  53  n.  w.  Richmond,  102  W.  Situated  on 
the  s.  side  of  S.  Anna  r.,  and  contains  a  Baptist 
church,  2  cabinet  fac,  and  several  dwellings. 
Thompson's  Store,  p-o.,  Guilford  co.,  N.  C. 
Tiiompsontown,  p-v.,  Juniata  co.,  Pa.,  36  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  145  W.  Situated  on  the  Juniata 
r.  and  on  the  Pa.  canal.  It  contains  several 
stores,  55  dwellings,  and  about  350  inhabitants. 

Thompsonville,  p-v.,  Enfield  t.,  Hartford  co., 
Ct.,  20  N.  Hartford,  355  W.  Situated  on  Fresh- 
water r.,  at  its  entrance  into  Connecticut  r.,  about 
1  m.  N.  of  Enfield  bridge.     It  has  a  large  man 


neral  Henry  Knox,  of  the ^revolutionary  anSy, I  ufactory  of  carpets,  with  120  looms,  producing 


THO 


656 


TIC 


800  yards  daily.  The  v.  contains  about  800  in- 
habitants. 

Thompsonville,  p-v.,  Thompson  t.,  Sullivan 
co.,  N.  Y.,  105  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  299  W.  It  con- 
tains 2  stores.  1  grist  ra.,  1  carding  machine  and 
fulling  m.,  3  saw  m.,  2  tanneries,  25  dwellings, 
and  150  inhabitants. 

Thompsonville,  p-o.,  Culpepper  co.,  Va.,  108 
N.  N.  w.  Richmond,  80  W. 

Thornburg,  p-v.,  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va.,  76  n. 
n.  w.  Richmond,  70  W.  Situated  on  both  sides 
of  Ta  r.,  and  contains  1  Baptist  church,  1  store, 
1  flouring  m.,  and  1  tannery. 

Thornbury,  p-t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  20  s.  w. 
Philadelphia,  76  e.  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  1 18  W.  The 
surface  is  level ;  soil,  sandy  loam.  Drained  by 
Chester  cr.  and  Brandywine  r.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $2,000.     Pop.  230. 

Thornbury,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  20  w.  Phil- 
adelphia, 87  E.  by  s.  Harrisburg.  The  surface  is 
hilly ;  soil,  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Chester  cr. 
The  v.,  at  the  centre,  is  called  Thornton.  The 
t.  has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,500 ;  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,800.  4  sch.  104  scholars. 
Pop.  675. 

Thorn,  t.,  Perry  co.,  O.  It  has  8  stores,  cap. 
$16,200 ;  3  tanneries,  10  sch.  270  scholars.  Pop. 
2,007. 

Thornbyville,  p-o.,  Boone  co.,  la.,  19  N.  N. 
w.  Indianapolis,  590  W. 

Thorndike,  p-t.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  42  n.  e.  Au- 
gusta, 637  W.  The  surface  is  agreeably  diver- 
sified ;  soil,  fertile,  adapted  to  grain.  Drained  by 
a  branch  of  Sebasticook  r.  Incorporated  in  1819. 
It  has  1  store,  cap.  $6,000 ;  3  saw  m.,  240  schol- 
ars in  schools.     Pop.  897. 

Thornapple,  t.,  Barry  co.,  Mich.  It  has  2 
sch.  40  scholars.    Pop.  99. 

Thorn  Hill,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  Va.,  71  n.  w. 
Richmond,  103  W. 

Thorn  Hill,  p-o.,  Walker  co.,  Ala.,  74  n. 
Tuscaloosa,  797  W. 

Thorn  Hill,  p-o.,  Grainger  co.,  Tenn.,  229  e. 
Nashville,  461  W. 

Thornton,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  52  n.  by 
w.  Concord,  533  W.  The  surface  is  uneven ; 
soil,  fertile,  particularly  on  the  streams.  Water- 
ed by  Pemigewasset  r.,  and  its  branch,  Mad  r., 
which  crosses  the  s.  e.  corner.  Mill  brook  has  a 
fall  of  42  feet  perpendicular.  Chartered  in  1763 ; 
first  settled  in  1770.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $1,650 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $2,160.    12  sch.  435  scholars.    Pop.  1,045. 

Thornton,  p-v.,  Thornbury  t.,  Delaware  co., 
Pa.,  87  e.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  121  W. 

Thornton,  p-t.,  Cook  co.,  111.,  192  n.  n.  e. 
Springfield,  737  W.  Situated  on  Thorn  cr.,  in 
the  s.  e.  part  of  the  co.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,000 ; 
1  saw  m.,  2  sch.  44  scholars.     Pop.  306. 

Thorntown,  p-v.,  Boone  co.,  la.,  35  n.  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 606  W.  Situated  on  a  branch  of  Su- 
gar cr. 

Thornville,  p-v.,  Thorn  t.,  Perry  co.,  O.,  35 
E.  by  s.  Columbus,  366  W.  It  contains  1  store 
and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Thoroughfare,  p-v.,  Prince  William  co.,  Va., 
118  N.  Richmond,  50  W.  It  has  2  flouring  m.  in 
the  vicinity,  on  Broad  run,  which  affords  good 
water  power,  and  has  12  or  15  dwellings. 

Thousand  Islands,  N.  Y.,  situated  in  the  St. 
Lawrence  r.,  a  little  below  Lake  Ontario.  The 
American  part  of  them  belong  to  Jefferson  co., 
and  the  remainder  lie  in  Canada.  The  St.  Law- 
rence is  here  from  2  to  9  ms.  in  width,  and  filled 
with  innumerable  small  rocky  islets,  generally 
covered  with  cedar  and  hemlock  to  the  water's 
edge.    The  passage  between  them  is  sometimes 


so  narrow  as  scarcely  to  allow  a  canoe  to  go 
through.  The  largest  islands  are  Grand  and 
Howe  islands,  in  Canada,  and  Carlton,  Grind- 
stone, and  Wells  islands,  in  the  United  States. 
Within  the  distance  of  27  miles,  the  number  is 
said  to  exceed  1,500.  It  was  a  matter  of  consid- 
erable labor  to  fix  the  boundary  between  the  two 
countries  at  this  point. 

Three  Forks,  p-o.,  Monongalia  co.,  Va.,  273 
N.  w.  Richmond,  197  W. 

Three  Forks,  p-o.,  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  45  e. 
Nashville,  645  W. 

Three  Forks,  p-o.,  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  122  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  646  W. 

Three  Mile  Bay,  p-o.,  Lyme  t.,  Jefferson  co., 
N.  Y.,  182  Albany,  434  W. 

Three  Rivers,  p-v.,  Palmer  t.,  Hampden  co., 
Mass.,  76  w.  s.  w.  Boston,  376  W.  Situated  on 
Chicapee  r.,  near  the  junction  of  Ware  and  Swift 
rivers,  and  contains  a  Baptist  church,  a  cotton 
fac,  and  about  20  dwellings. 

Three  Rivers,  p-v.,  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich.,  145 
s.  w.  Detroit,  593  W.  Situated  on  St.  Joseph  r., 
between  the  confluence  of  Portage  r.  and  Stony 
cr.,  which  afford  extensive  water  power.  It  con- 
tains 2  stores,  1  large  flouring  m.,  and  1  saw  m. 
Boats  of  30  tons  navigate  St.  Joseph  river  to  this 
place. 

Three  Springs,  p-o.,  Hunterdon  co.,  Pa.,  85 
s.  w.  Harrisburg,  129  W. 

Three  Springs,  p-o.,  Hart  co.,  Ky.,  106  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  629  W. 

Throgs  Point,  Westchester  t.  and  co.,  N.  Y., 
16  n.  e.  of  New  York  city,  projects  from  1  to  2 
ms.  into  the  East  r.  Fort  Schuyler,  a  strong  for- 
tification, is  now  being  erected  here,  to  command 
the  entrance  from  Long  Island  sound  to  the  city 
of  New  York. 

Throopsville,  p-v.,  Mentz  t,  Cavuga  co.,  N. 
Y.,  3  n.  w.  Auburn,  158  w.  Albany,  337  W.  Sit- 
uated on  Owasco  outlet,  and  contains  1  church, 
1  store,  1  woollen  fac,  1  flouring  m.,  1  fulling  m., 
1  distillery,  and  about  30  dwellings. 

Tiara,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  Ala.,  133  s.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  860  W. 

Ticonderoga,  p-t,  Essex  co.,  N.  Y.,  97  n.  Al- 
bany, 469  W.  The  surface  on  the  e.  is  level  or 
rolling ;  on  the  w.  hilly  and  mountainous.  The 
soil  is  clay  loam,  and  fertile,  particularly  adjoin- 
ing Lake  Champlain,  which  bounds  it  on  the  E. 
Drained  by  the  outlet  of  Lake  George,  and  small 
streams  flowing  into  Lake  Champlain.  The 
ruins  of  old  Fort  Ticonderoga  are  in  the  s.  e. 
part,  where  is  a  convenient  steamboat  landing. 
The  v.  is  situated  on  the  outlet  of  Lake  George, 
at  the  lower  falls,  2  ms.  w.  of  Lake  Champlain, 
and  contains  2  churches — 1  Congregational  and 
1  Baptist— 8  stores,  1  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.,  1  planing 
machine,  2  lath  m.,  1  furnace,  1  clothier's  works, 
1  tannery,  80  dwellings,  and  about  500  inhabit- 
ants. The  outlet  here  has  a  descent  of  30  feet, 
affording  great  water  power,  and  it  is  navigable 
for  lake  craft  to  the  lower  part  of  the  v.  The 
ruins  of  old  Fort  Ticonderoga,  so  celebrated  in 
the  French  and  Revolutionary  wars,  are  2  miles 
below  the  v.,  on  a  point  of  land  at  the  entrance 
of  the  outlet  of  Lake  George  into  Lake  Cham- 
plain, and  are  in  full  view  from  Lake  Champlain, 
above  which  they  are  elevated  about  70  feet,  and 
are  an  interesting  relic  of  former  times.  About 
1,800  yards  s.  w.  is  Mount  Defiance,  rising  750 
feet  above  the  lake,  and  commands  the  fort.  The 
view,  from  the  summit,  of  Lake  Champlain  and 
the  surrounding  country,  is  extensive  and  beau- 
tiful. A  ferry  crosses  Lake  Champlain  to  Shore- 
ham,  Vt.  There  are  in  the  t.  8  stores,  capital 
$26,300 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  furnace, 


TIO 


657 


TIP 


1  forge,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  21  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufactures  $35,450.  1  acad.  50  students,  10 
sch.  464  scholars.     Pop.  2,16!). 

Tiffin,  p-v.,  Clinton  t.,  Seneca  co.,  O.,  86  n. 
Columbus,  423  W.  Situated  on  Sandusky  river, 
and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  several  stores, 
a  printing  office,  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper, 
and  about  600  inhabitants. 

Tiffin,  t.,  Adams  co.,  O.  It  contains  West 
Union  v.,  the  capital  of  the  co.  It  has  4  tanner- 
ies, 2  sch.  52  scholars.     Pop.  1,540. 

Tiffin,  t.,  Williams  co.,  O.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$1,000 ;  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
§6,500 ;  2  sch.  50  scholars.     Pop.  322. 

Tiffins,  r.,  rises  in  Mich.,  and  enters  Ohio  in 
Williams  co.,  20  miles  N.  of  Defiance,  and  flows 
into  Maumce  r.,  1  mile  w.  of  that  t.  It  is  fed  by 
lakes  and  springs,  and  affords  permanent  and 
good  water  power.  It  is  navigable  for  small 
craft  for  50  ms. 

Tiller's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Kershaw  dist.,  S.  C, 
53  n.  e.  Columbia,  353  W. 

Timbalier,  bay,  La.,  extends  s.  w.  from  the 
mouth  of  Bayou  La  Fourche,  30  ms.,  and  is  from  3 
to  6  ms.  wide,  bounded  s.  w.  by  a  long  and  low 
peninsula.  It  has  a  sandy  or  muddy  bottom, 
and  no  great  depth  of  water. 

Timberville,  p-v.,  Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  145 
N.  w.  Richmond,  118  W. 

Timber  Ridge,  p-o.,  Rockbridge  co.,  Va.,  140 
w.  Richmond,  182  W. 

Tindallsville,  p-v.,  Anson  co.,  N.  C,  136  s. 
w.  Raleigh,  420  W. 

Tinker  Run,  pa,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  180 
Harrisburg,  206  W. 

Tinmouth,  p-t.,  Rutland  co.,  VtM  76  s.  by  w. 
Montpelier,  443  W.  The  surface  is  elevated  and 
hilly  ;  soil,  adapted  to  grazing,  and  arable  on  the 
streams.  Watered  by  Furnace  brook,  which 
rises  in  a  pond  in  the  s.  part  of  the  t.,  and  flows 
n.  until  it  enters  Otter  cr.,  in  Rutland.  It  affords 
water  power.  Poultney  r.  rises  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  t.  It  contains  a  Congregational  church, 
and  Episcopal  and  Methodist  churches  are  organ- 
ized. Iron  ore  and  marble  are  found.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $5,000 ;  1  tannery,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $2,500.    8  sch.  271  scholars.    Pop.  730. 

Tinicum,  t.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  37  n.  Philadelphia, 
12  n.  e.  Doylestown.  The  surface  is  partly  roll- 
ing, partly  level;  soil,  sandy  loam.  Tohickon 
cr.  bounds  it  on  the  s.  Drained  by  Tinicum  cr., 
which  flows  into  Delaware  r.,  which  bounds  it 
on  the  n.  and  e.  It  contains  2  churches.  The 
Delaware  canal  passes  through  the  t.  It  has  5 
stores,  cap.  $8,100;  3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  5 
grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,370.  4 
sch.  94  scholars.    Pop.  1,770. 

Tinicum,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  9  s.  w.  Phila- 
delphia. It  is  an  island,  formed  by  Delaware  r., 
Darby  cr.,  and  Bow  cr.  The  soil  is  a  rich  allu- 
vion, employed  chiefly  in  grazing.  It  contains  a 
spacious  hospital,  with  a  dwelling  for  the  resident 
physician.  Tinicum  island,  in  the  Delaware  r 
opposite,  belongs  to  the  t.     Pop.  153. 

Tioga,  r.,  rises  in  Pa.,  and  flows  into  Steuben 
co.,  N.  Y.,  and  unites  with  Conhocton  r.  to  form 
Chemung  r.  The  Corning  and  Blossburg  rail 
road  passes  through  the  valley  of  this  r. 

Tioga,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  490  sq.  ms.  Susquehan- 
na r.  runs  through  its  s.  part.  Watered  by  Owe- 
go  cr.  and  its  branches,  affording  water  power 
The  surface  is  diversified  by  hills  and  valleys 
soil,  adapted  to  grazing  on.  the  hills,  and  very  ler- 
tile  in  the  valleys.  Lumber  is  extensively  floated 
down  the  Susquehanna  r.  It  contains  sulphur 
springs  and  a  bed  of  marl  in  Spencer  t.  The 
83 


line  of  the  New  York  and  Erie  railroad  passes 
along  the  valley  of  the  Susquehanna  r.  Capital, 
Owego.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  21,576, 
sheep  43,220,  swine  14,987 ;  wheat  107,002  bush, 
produced,  rye  4,937,  fad.  corn  1 17,449,  buckwheat 
47,181,  barley  1,053,  oats  180,967,  potatoes  363,198, 
hops  6,876  pounds,  sugar  1 16,760  ;  72  stores,  capi- 
tal $339,350 ;  13 fullingm.,  3  woollen fac,  15  tan- 
neries, 2  distilleries,  37  grist  m.,  259  saw  m.,  2 
oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $282,394.  1  acad.  268  students, 
6,814  scholars  in  schools.     Pop.  20,527. 

Tioga,  county,  Pa.  Situated  in  the  n.  part  of 
the  state,  and  contains  1,200  sq.  ms.  The  surface 
consists  of  hills  and  fertile  valleys;  soil,  well 
adapted  to  grazing.  Drained  by  Tioga  r.  on  the 
n.,  and  Pine  cr.  on  the  s.,  a  branch  of  the  w. 
branch  of  the  Susquehanna  r.  Capital,  Wells- 
burg.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  27,443, 
sheep  25,424,  swine  11,205;  wheat  83,823  bush, 
produced,  rye  33,694,  Ind.  corn  66,610,  buckwheat 
22,847,  oats  110,526,  potatoes  239,590,  sugar  181,064 
pounds;  52  stores,  cap.  $111,800;  4  fulling  m., 
2  woollen  fac,  13  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  2  print- 
ing offices,  2  weekly  newspapers,  1  flouring  m., 
26  grist  m.,  145  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $204,593.  1  acad.  75  students,  60  Bch.  2,184 
scholars.     Pop.  15,498. 

Tioga,  p-t,,  Tioga  co.,  N.  Y.,  176  w.  s.  w.  Al- 
bany, 277  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  gravelly 
loam,  and  very  productive  in  the  valleys.  Wa- 
tered by  Susquehanna  r.  and  its  tributaries.  It 
has  4  stores,  cap.  $12,500 ;  3  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  1  tannery,  4  grist  m.,  42  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $28,300.  947  scholars  in  schools.  Pop. 
2,461. 

Tioga,  p-t.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  151  n.  by  w.  Ilar- 
risburg, 261  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  gravel 
and  clay,  and  alluvion.  Drained  by  Tioga  r.  and 
its  branches,  Mill  cr.  and  Crooked  cr.  It  has  5 
stores,  cap.  $21,100;  1  tannery,  1  printing  office, 
1  weekly  newspaper,  17  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $14,900;  4  sch.  130  scholars.     Pop.  791. 

Tioga  Centre,  p-o.,  Tioga  t.  and  co.,  N.  Y., 
167  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  276  W. 

Tionesta,  p-t.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  206  w.  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  295  W.  Susquehanna  r.  runs  on  its 
N.  w.  border,  by  branches  of  which  it  is  watered. 
It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $10,000 ;  1  sch.  17  scholars. 
Pop.  635. 

Tionesta,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  saw 
m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000.    Pop.  27. 

Tiougiinioga,  r.,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Onondaga  co., 
and  flows  s.  through  Cortland  and  Broome  coun- 
ties, and  enters  Chenango  r.  at  Chenango  Forks 
v.     It  affords  extensive  water  power. 

Tippah,  county,  Miss.  Situated  in  the  n.,  to- 
ward the  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,000 
sq.  m.  Drained  by  Hatchie,  Muddy,  Wolf,  and 
Tippah  creeks,  and  by  head  branches  of  Talla- 
hatchee  r.  and  its  tributaries.  Capital,  Ripley. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  15,232,  sheep 
5,034,  swine  36.994;  wheat  15,701  bush,  produ- 
ced, Ind.  corn  395,160,  oats  9,133,  potatoes  19,015, 
cotton  1,061,763  pounds  ;  17  stores,  cap.  $60,609; 
5  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  flouring  m.,  18  grist 
m.,  14  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $50,730.  1  acad. 
40  students,  11  sch.  267  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
7,309,  slaves  2,134,  free  col'd  1 ;  total  9,444. 

Tippecanoe,  r.,  la.,  has  its  sources  in  Noble 
and  Kosciusko  counties,  and  pursuing  a  circui- 
tous course  through  Fulton,  Pulaski,  and  White 
counties,  it  enters  the  Wabash  from  the  n.,  in  the 
n.  part  of  Tippecanoe  co. 

Tippecanoe,  county,  la.  Situated  n.  w.  of  the 
centre,  and  toward  the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and 
contains  504  sq.  ms.    The  surface  is  undulating 


TIT 


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with  extensive  level  tracts,  .and  one  half  of  its 
surface  is  prairie.  Watered  by  Wabash  r.  and 
its  tributary  Tippecanoe  r.,  and  Wild  Cat  cr.  and 
its  tributaries,  which  afford  good  water  power. 
The  Wabash  and  Erie  canal  passes  through  it. 
Capital,  La  Fayette.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  15,361,  sheep  18,127,  swine  44,031 ;  wheat 
137,243  bush,  produced,  rye  7.583,  Ind.  corn 
990,160,  buckwheat  1,843,  oats  156,353,  potatoes 
27,648,  sugar  67,110  pounds;  35  stores,  cap. 
$123,350 ;  2  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  200  sp.,  2 
fulling  m.,  10  tanneries,  14  distilleries,  2  breweries, 
12  flouring  m.,  6  grist  m.,  25  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  2 
printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $97,950.  2  acad.  50  students,  24  sch. 
588  scholars.    Pop.  13,724. 

Tippecanoe,  p-o.,  Harrison  co.,  O. 

Tippecanoe,  p-t.,  Tippecanoe  co.,  la.,  82  n.  w. 
Indianapolis,  640  W.  It  has  3  sch.  79  scholars. 
Pop.  1,374. 

Tippecanoe,  p-o.,  Macon  co.,  Mo. 

Tipton,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  415  sq.  ms.  Mis- 
sissippi r.  bounds  it  on  the  w.  Watered  by  Hatchy 
r.  and  its  branches,  and  Forked  Deer  r.  in  its  n.  w. 
part,  and  branches  of  Loosahatchy  r.  in  its  s.  part. 
Capital,  Covington.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 9,974,  sheep  1,207,  swine  21,851 ;  wheat  12,819 
bush,  produced,  rye  2,493,  Ind.  corn  359,269,  oats 
21,890,  potatoes  26,285,  tobacco  74,110  pounds, 
cotton  1,015,892;  2  commercial  houses  and  2 
commission  houses,  cap.  $15,500 ;  3  stores,  cap. 
$20,300 ;  2  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $2,000.  1  acad.  55  students,  7  sch. 
140  scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,637,  slaves  3,132, 
free  col'd  31 ;  total,  6,800. 

Tipton,  p-o.,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  63  s.  w.  De- 
troit, 518  W. 

Tipton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa.  Sit- 
uated a  little  w.  of  Sugar  cr.,  a  branch  of  Ce- 
dar r.,  on  a  high  rolling  prairie.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  and  about  50  inhabitants. 

Tiptonsport,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  la.,  7  n.  Del- 
phi, 75  n.  n.  w.  Indianapolis,  627  W.  Situated 
on  the  s.  e.  side  of  Wabash  r. 

Tiro,  p-o.,  Auburn  t.,  Richland  co.,  O.,  84  n. 
n.  e.  Columbus,  402  W. 

Tishamingo,  county,  Miss.  Situated  in  the 
N.  E.  corner  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,300  sq.  ms. 
Tennessee  r.  runs  on  its  n.  e.  boundary.  Drain- 
ed by  Yellow  and  Tuscumbia  creeks,  and  head 
branches  of  the  e.  fork  of  Tombigbee  r.  Capital, 
Jacinto.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  11,120, 
sheep  2,324,  swine  22,371  ;  wheat  5,130  bush, 
produced,  Ind.  corn  281,451,  oats  9,223,  potatoes 
9,102,  cotton  175,475  pounds ;  5  stores,  cap. 
$19,400 ;  6  cotton  fac,  3  tanneries,  7  grist  m.,  6 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,225.  14  sch.  301 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  5,852,  slaves  823,  free 
col'd  1 ;  total,  6,681. 

Tisbury,  t.,  Dukes  co.,  Mass.,  85  s.  s.  e.  Bos- 
ton, 23  s.  e.  New  Bedford.  It  occupies  the  cen- 
tral part  of  the  island  of  Martha's  Vineyard.  The 
surface  is  level,  with  some  hills  in  the  n.  part ; 
soil,  generally  fertile.  Holmes  Hole,  in  its  n.  e. 
part,  has  a  good  harbor,  and  a  v.,  which  contains 
a  Baptist  and  a  Methodist  church,  and  about  103 
dwellings.  There  are  also  in  the  t.  1  Congrega- 
tional and  1  Baptist  church,  in  a  v.  in  the  w. 
part  of  the  t.  There  are  in  the  t.  6  stores,  cap. 
$20,100;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  5  grist  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,245.  1  acad.  40  students,  6 
sch.  205  scholars.    Pop.  1,520. 

Titus'  Store,  p-o.,  Cadiz  t.,  Harrison  co.,  O., 
107  e.  by  n.  Columbus,  291  W. 

Titusville,  p-v.,  Mercer  co.,  N.  J.,  8  e.  Tren- 
ton, 167  W. 


Tiverton,  p-t.,  Newport  co.,  R.  I.,  13  n.  e. 
Newport,  24  s.  e.  Providence,  420  W.  The  sur- 
face is  gently  uneven ;  soil,  gravelly  loam,  and 
fertile.  Bounded  on  the  w.  by  the  e.  passage  of 
Narraganset  bay,  and  Mount  Hope  bay.  Its 
navigable  waters  afford  great  facilities  for  navi- 
gation, of  which  it  has  considerable,  employed 
chiefly  in  the  fisheries.  It  has  several  ponds, 
well  stored  with  fish,  the  outlets  of  which  afford 
water  power.  A  stone  bridge,  1,000  feet  long, 
connects  it  with  Rhode  Island.  It  has  14  stores, 
cap.  $10,575 ;  2  woollen  fac,  6  cotton  fac.  1,600 
sp.,  8  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$132,900.     19  sch.  527  scholars.    Pop.  3,183. 

Tiverton,  p-t.,  Coshocton  co.,  O.  Organized 
in  1824,  by  the  name  of  Union,  but  soon  changed 
to  its  present  name.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $2,000 ; 
1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.    Pop.  665. 

Tiverton  Four  Corners,  p-o.,  Newport  co., 
R.  I.,  28  s.  e.  Providence,  424  W. 

Tivoli,  p-v.,  Redhook  t.,  Dutchess  co.,  N.  Y., 
51  s.  Albany,  329  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of 
Hudson  r.,  and  contains  2  churches,  3  stores,  2 
grist  m.,  1  cloth  fac,  2  saw  m.,  50  dwellings,  and 
about  300  inhabitants.  A  steam  ferry-boat  crosses 
Hudson  r.  to  Saugerties.  It  has  been  known  as 
Redhook  Upper  Landing. 

Tobacco  Port,  p-v.,  Caldwell  co.,  Ky.,  227 
w.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  76S  W. 

Tobacco  Port,  p-v.,  Stewart  co.,  Tenn.,  85  w. 
N.  w.  Nashville,  765  W.  It  contains  about  50 
inhabitants. 

Tobacco  Row,  p-o.,  Amherst  co.,  Va. 

Tobacco  Stick,  p-o.,  Dorchester  co.,  Md. 

Tobehanna,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  Pa.  The  surface 
is  hilly;  soil,  gravel  and  barren.  Lehigh  r. 
bounds  it  on  the  n.  w.  Drained  by  Tobehanna 
cr.  and  its  branches.  It  has  26  saw  m.,  3  sch.  20 
scholars.    Pop.  594. 

Tobehanna,  p-o.,  Tyrone  t.,  Steuben  co.,  N. 
Y.,  198  w.  by  s.  Albany,  313  W. 

Tobehanna,  r.,  Pa.,  receives  several  tributa- 
ries, passes  through  a  swampy  country,  and  enters 
the  Lehigh  2  ms.  below  Stoddartsville.  It  is 
capable  of  affording  water  power. 

Toboyne,  t.,  Perry  co.,  Pa.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $11,000;  3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2  flouring 
m.,  2  grist  m.,  1 1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $23,737. 
10  sch.  250  scholars.     Pop.  1,442. 

Toby,  t.,  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  15  jr.  Kittaning,  190 
n.  e.  Harrisburg,  236  W.  The  surface  is  partly 
rolling,  partly  level ;  soil,  loam.  Clarion  r.  bounds 
it  on  the  n.  and  Alleghany  r.  on  the  w.  Drained 
by  Licking,  Cherryrun,  Catfish,  and  Red  Bank 
creeks.  Salt  and  copperas  are  found.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $6,700 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  furnace,  3  tan- 
neries, 1  distillery,  1  pottery,  4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $44,370.  4  sch.  22  scholars. 
Pop.  1,829. 

Todd,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  s.,  toward 
the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  612  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Wolf  Lick  fork  of  Muddy  r.,  and 
other  streams,  flowing  into  Green  r.,  and  by  Elk 
fork  of  Red  r.  and  its  branches,  flowing  into  Cum- 
berland r.  Capital,  Elkton.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  8,359,  sheep  11,557,  swine  33,405 : 
wheat  83,717  bush,  pro.,  rye  2,609,  In.  corn  632,950, 
oats  206,065,  potatoes  12,684,  tobacco  3,123,898 
pounds,  cotton  9,606,  sugar  11,160 ;  18  stores,  cap. 
$72,800 ;  4  tanneries,  18  distilleries,  7  flouring  m., 
25  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.,  1  printing  office.  Cap.  in 
manufac  $43,260.  9  acad.  245  students,  16  sch. 
340  scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,070,  slaves  3,879, 
free  col'd  42;  total  9,991. 

Todd,  t.,  Huntington  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  furnace, 
1  forge,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$5,205.     1  sch.  56  scholars.    Pop.  780. 


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TOM 


Todd's,  p-o.,  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va.,  79  n.  Rich- 
mond, 78  W. 

Toledo,  p-v.,  Port  Lawrence  t.,  capital  of  Lu- 
cas co.,  O.,  134  n.  N.  w.  Columbus,  464  W.  Sit- 
uated on  the  w.  bank  of  Maumee  r.,  near  its  en- 
trance into  Maumee  bay.  It  contains  41  stores, 
6  warehouses,  35  mechanic  shops,  2  steam  saw 
m.,  2  iron  foundries,  and  2  printing  offices,  each 
issuing  a  weekly  newspaper.  The  number  of 
steamboat  arrivals  is  over  400  annually,  and  of 
schooners  about  250.  It  is  2i  ms.  above  Manhat- 
tan v.  Steamboats  continually  ply  between  To- 
ledo and  Detroit.     Pop.  1,222. 

Toler's,  p-o.,  Amite  co.,  Miss.,  110  s.  8.  w. 
Jackson,  1,110  W. 

Tolersville,  p-v.,  Louisa  co.,  Va.,  54  n.  w. 
Richmond,  97  W. 

Tolland,  county,  Ct.  Situated  in  the  n.  to- 
ward the  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  337  sq. 
ms.  Surface  in  the  w.  undulating  or  level,  in 
the  e.  hilly  and  mountainous;  soil,  in  the  w. 
adapted  to  grain,  in  the  K.  to  grazing.  Watered 
by  Willimantic  and  Hop  rivers,  and  their  branch- 
es, in  the  e.,  and  by  Scantic,  Hockanum,  and 
Salmon  rivers  in  the  w.  Its  streams  afford  good 
water  power.  Capital,  Tolland.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  17,435,  sheep  43,654,  swine  7,713 ; 
wheat  7,552  bush,  produced,  rye  50,709,  Ind.  corn 
87,348,  buckwheat  20,105,  oats  83;660,  potatoes 
281,090,  silk  cocoons  10,508  pounds;  53  stores, 
cap.  $153,320 ;  6  furnaces,  2  forges,  17  fulling  m., 
19  woollen  fac,  11  cotton  fac.  8,622  sp.,  15  tan- 
neries, 9  distilleries,  2  glass  fac,  1  pottery,  35 
grist  m.,  74  saw  m.,  3  oil  m.,  3  paper  fac.  Cap. 
in  raanufac.  $931,662.  2  acad.  53  students,  124 
sch.  4,880  scholars.     Pop.  17,980. 

Tolland,  p-t.,  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  118  w. 
Boston,  364  W.    The  surface  is  elevated ;  soil, 


to  grazing.  Farmington  r.  runs  through 
its  N.  w.  part,  and  on  its  s.  w.  border.  Watered 
by  brancnes  of  this  r.,  one  of  which  flows  from  a 
large  pond,  a  little  n.  of  the  centre.  The  y.  con- 
tains a  Congregational  church.  There  are  in  the 
t.  1  tannery,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,200. 
7  sch.  149  scholars.     Pop.  627. 

Tolland,  p-t.,  capital  of  Tolland  co.,  Ct.,  18 
E.  N.  E.  Hartford,  354  W.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous and  rough  ;  soil,  in  the  valleys,  a  warm, 
fertile  loam.  Snipsic  pond,  on  its  N.  w.  border, 
is  2  ms.  long,  and  100  rods  wide,  and  has  its  out- 
let into  Hockanum  r.  A  little  s.  of  the  centre  is 
another  pond,  which  receives  and  discharges  the 
head  waters  of  Hop  r.  The  v.,  situated  on  an 
elevated  plain,  contains  a  court  house,  a  jail,  a 
bank,  3  churches — 1  Congregational,  1  Baptist, 
and  1  Methodist— and  about  40  dwellings,  many 
of  them  neat.  There  are  in  the  t.  6  stores,  cap. 
$13,500 ;  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $8,650.  1  acad.  25  students,  12  sch. 
457  scholars.     Pop.  1,566. 

Toll  Gate,  p-o.,  Marion  co.,  Ala.,  78  N.  N.  w. 
Tuscaloosa,  829  W. 

Tombigbee,  r.,  Miss,  and  Ala.,  rises  in  several 
sources  in  Tishamingo  co.,  Miss.,  and  flowing  s., 
receives  various  branches,  and  passes  Columbus, 
Miss.,  in  Lowndes  co.,  and  in  the  lower  part  of 
the  co.  it  passes  into  Ala. ;  and  60  ms.  below, 
receives  from  the  N.  e.  the  Black  Warrior,  nearly 
as  large  as  itself,  at  Buffport,  and  proceeding  in  a 
winding  course  8.  100  ms.,  it  joins  the  Alabama 
r.  to  form  Mobile  r.,  45  ms.  above  the  head  of 
Mobile  bay,  and  about  70  ms.  from  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico.  Its  whole  course,  including  its  wind- 
ings, is  nearly  500  ms.  It  is  navigable  for 
large  vessels,  nine  months  in  the  year,  to 
St.  Stephen's,  and  for  steamboats  to  Columbus, 


Tomhannock,  p-o.,  Pittstown  t.,  Rensselaer 
co„  N.  Y.,  20  e.  Albany,  WO  W. 

Tompkins,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  a  little  s. 
w.  of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contain  5 
ms.  The  s.  part  of  Cayuga  and  Baaaca  lakes 
extend  into  the  co.,  and  through  them  it  has  ac- 
cess to  the  Erie  canal,  and  through  the  lakes  n 
passage  by  steamboats.  Watered  by  Fall  and 
Six-Mile  creeks,  and  Cayuga  inlet,  which  flow 
into  Cayuga  lake,  have  fine  falls,  and  afford  ex- 
tensive water  power.  The  surface  is  moderately 
uneven ;  soil,  very  fertile,  adapted  to  grain  and 
to  grass.  Capital,  Ithaca.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  28,903,  sheep  86,525,  swine  23,772 ; 
wheat  377,201  bush,  produced,  rye  4,579,  Ind. 
corn  216,515,  buckwheat  71,122,  barley  9,104, 
oats  288,695,  potatoes  339,557,  hops  2,100  pounds, 
silk  cocoons  200,  sugar  88,747;  95  stores,  cap. 
$585,450  ;  11  lumber  yards,  cap.  $169,125 ;  2  fur- 
naces, 19  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac. 
1,572  sp.,  27  tanneries,  5  distilleries,  1  brewery, 

1  rope  fac,  8  flouring  m.,  30  grist  m.,  178  saw  m., 
3  oil  m.,  2  paper  fac,  5  printing  offices,  3  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $680,9.43.  2  acad. 
337  students,  225  sch.  12,678  scholars.  Pop. 
37,948. 

Tompkins,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  N.  Y.,  22  s.  w.  Del- 
hi, 100  s.  s.  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
mountainous.  Drained  by  Mohawk  or  w.  branch 
of  Delaware  r.  and  its  tributaries,  and  by  tributa- 
ries of  Popacton  branch  of  Delaware  r.  The  line 
of  the  New  York  and  Erie  railroad  passes  through 
its  s.  part.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $18,900 ;  2  fulling 
m.,  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  26  saw  m.  Cap.  in  ma- 
nufac. $17,705.    18  sch.  597  scholars.  Pop.  2,035. 

Tompkins,  p-t.,  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  91  w.  De- 
troit, 561  W.  Drained  by  Grand  r.  and  its  branch, 
Sandstone  r.  It  has  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$7,200.     Pop.  209. 

Tompkinsville,  p-v.,  Castleton  t.,  Richmond 
co.,  N.  Y.,  154  s.  by  w.  Albany,  6  s.  New  York, 
234  W.  Pleasantly  situated  on  the  n.  e.  part 
of  Staten  Island,  overlooking  the  Quarantine 
Ground.  Steam  ferry-boats  connect  it  with  New 
Y«ork.  Incorporated  in  1823,  and  contains  3 
churches — 1  Dutch  Reformed,  1  Episcopal,  and  1 
Methodist — 12  stores  and  groceries,  200  dwell- 
ings, and  about  1,400  inhabitants.  It  contains  a 
marine  hospital,  or  lazaretto,  for  the  reception  of 
patients,  arriving  from  foreign  ports,  afflicted 
with  infectious  or  contagious  diseases.  It  opens 
April  1st,  and  closes  November  1st,  annually. 
The  Marine  Hospital  is  177  feet  long,  by  49  deep, 
3  stories  high.  It  has  also  a  yellow-fever  hos- 
pital, 136  by  28  feet,  with  wings,  37  by  28  feet, 

2  stories  high ;  and  a  small-pox  hospital,  80  by 
27  feet,  2  stories  high  ;  and  other  buildings,  with 
30  acres  of  land  attached ;  the  whole  enclosed 
by  a  substantial  brick  wall. 

Tompkinsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Monroe  co., 
Ky.,  153  s.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  648  W.  Situated  on  a 
branch  of  Big  Barren  r.,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  jaU,  and  188  inhabitants. 

Tom's  Brook,  p-o.,  Shenandoah  co.,  Va.,  156 
N.  N.  w.  Richmond,  98  W. 

Tom's  Creek,  p-o.,  Surry  co.,  N.C.,  139  w.  n. 
w.  Raleigh,  332  W. 

Tom's  Creek,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Ga. 

Toms,  r.,  N.  J.,  rises  by  several  branches  in 
Monmouth  co.,  and  flows  into  Barnegat  bay. 

Tom's  River,  p-v.,  Dover  t.,  Monmouth  co., 
N.  J.,  38  s.  e.  Trenton,  199  W.  Situated  on  both 
sides  of  Tom's  r.,  6  ms.  from  its  entrance  into 
Barnegat  bay.  A  bridge  across  the  r.,  200  feet 
long,  connects  the  v.  It  contains  1  Methodist 
church,  6  stores,  and  about  60  dwellings.  Small 
vessels  are  built  here,  and  more  than  $200,000 


TOR 


660 


TOW 


worth  of  timber  and  wood    are  annually  ex- 
ported. 

Tomsville,  p-v.,  Chester  co.,  S.  C,  74  n.  Co- 
lumbia, 455  W. 

Tonawanda,  p-t.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y.,  298  w.  Al- 
bany, 392  W.  The  surface  is  level,  and  includes 
Grand  Island  in  Niagara  r. ;  soil,  fertile.  Drained 
by  Tonawanda  cr.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  E.  side 
of  Niagara  r.,  at  the  junction  of  Tonawanda  cr. 
and  the  Erie  canal.  From  the  dam  here  in  the  cr. 
there  are  outlet  locks  to  Niagara  r.  It  has  a  good 
harbor  for  steamboats  and  other  vessels.  It  con- 
tains 1  church,  6  stores,  125  dwellings,  and  about 
700  inhabitants.  It  has  11  stores,  cap.  $16,540  ; 
1  brewery,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $250,900. 
4  sch.  71  scholars.    Pop.  1,261. 

Tonawanda,  cr.,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  the  s.  part  of 
Wyoming  co.,  and  flowing  n.  to  Batavia,  it  turns 
to  the  n.  w.  and  w.,  dividing  Erie  and  Niagara 
counties,  and  flows  into  Niagara  r.  at  Tonawanda 
v.  For  12  ms.  it  constitutes  a  part  of  the  Erie 
canal. 

Tonnedagana,  county,  Mich.  Situated  in  the 
N.  w.  part  of  the  peninsula,  and  contains  about 
150  sq.  ms.  Bounded  n.  by  the  straits  of  Macki- 
naw, and  w.  by  Lake  Michigan.  Drained  by 
small  streams  flowing  into  the  lake.  It  is  unor- 
ganized. 

Toolsborough,  p-o.,  Louisa  co.,  Iowa. 

Topsfield,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  235  n. 
E.  Augusta,  821  W.  A  considerable  lake,  the  s. 
source  of  Mattawamkeag  r.,  lies  on  its  n.  border. 
Incorporated  in  1838.  It  has  1  sch.  40  scholars. 
Pop.  188. 

Topsfield,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  25  n.  by  e. 
Boston,  465  W.  The  surface  is  moderately  un- 
even ;  soil,  fertile,  particularly  on  the  streams. 
Watered  by  Ipswich  r.  The  v.  contains  an 
academy,  1  Congregational  church,  and  some 
handsome  dwellings.  Boots  and  shoes  are  ex- 
tensively manufactured.  First  settled  in  1639  ; 
incorporated  in  1,650.  There  are  in  the  t.  3 
stores,  cap.  $6,400 ;  2  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$23,500.  1  acad.  104  students,  4  sch.  411  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,059. 

Topsham,  p-t.,  capital,  with  Wiscasset  and  War- 
ren, of  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  29  s.  by  w.  Augusta,  571 
W.  Bounded  s.  and  e.  by  Androscoggin  r.,  which 
affords  great  water  power,  and  furnishes  exten- 
sive facilities  for  navigation  and  ship  building. 
Lumber  is  largely  exported.  Incorporated  in 
1764.  It  contains  a  courthouse.  It,  lies  opposite 
to  Brunswick,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a 
substantial  bridge.  It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $23,000 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  13  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $116,000.  12  sch.  642  scholars. 
Pop.  1,883. 

Topsham,  p-t.,  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  23  s.  e.  Mont- 
pelier,  525  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  and  stony ; 
soil,  adapted  to  grain  and  to  grazing.  Watered 
by  head  branches  of  Wait's  r.  It  has  a  town 
house,  occupied  also  as  a  church  by  several  de- 
nominations. Chartered  in  1761  ;  first  settled  in 
in  1781 ;  organized  in  1790.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$8,000;  2  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  10 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $88,100.  18  sch.  650 
scholars.    Pop.  1,745. 

Torbit's  Store,  p-o.,  Chester  dist.,  S.  C,  65 
N.Columbia,  458  W. 

Toronto,  p-o.,  Vermilion  co.,  la.,  81  w.  Indi- 
anapolis, 652  W. 

Torringford,  p-v.,  Torrington  t,  Litchfield 
co.,  Ct.,  24  w.  by  N.  Hartford,  335  W.  Situated 
in  the  e.  part  of  the  t.,  and  contains  a  Congrega- 
tional church. 

Torrington,  p-t.,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct.,28  w.  by 
n.  Hartford,  335  W.     The  surface  is  uneven; 


soil,  adapted  to  grazing.  Drained  by  Naugatuok 
r.  and  its  branches.  It  contains  5  churches — 3 
Congregational,  1  Baptist,  and  1  3Iethodist.  In 
its  s.  part  is  the  flourishing  manufacturing  v.  of 
Wolcottville,  which  contains  1  Congregational 
church,  an  academy,  3  stories,  of  brick,  used  also 
as  a  church  by  several  denominations,  4  stores, 
a  large  woollen  fac,  and  about  40  dwellings. 
There  are  in  the  t.  3  stores,  cap.  $12,000;  1 
woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  4  grist  m.,  8  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $152,500.  14  sch.  416  scholars. 
Pop.  1,707. 

Tossnot  Depot,  p-o.,  Edgecombe  co.,  N.  C, 
72  e.  Raleigh,  259  W.  It  is  on  the  Wilmington 
and  Raleigh  railroad. 

Tottens  Wells,  p-o.,  Obion  co.,  Tenn.,  140 
w.  by  n.  Nashville,  826  W. 

Toulon,  p-v.,  capital  of  Stark  co.,  111.  It  con- 
tains a  courthouse  and  a  number  of  dwellings. 

Toulon,  p-v.,  Haywood  co.,  Tenn.,  167  w.  s. 
w.  Nashville,  850  W. 

Towamensing,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  20 
Philadelphia,  9  Norristown.  The  surface  is  level ; 
soil,  red  shale.  Drained  by  Skippack  and  Towa- 
mensing creeks.  It  contains  a  church  near  its 
centre.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,500  ;  2  grist  m.,  3 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,820.  4  sch.  153 
scholars.     Pop.  763. 

Towamensing,  t.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  87  e. 
n.  E.  Harrisburg,  194  W.  The  surface  is  a  mass 
of  mountains,  three  fourths  of  which  is  a  desert ; 
soil,  gravel.  Lehigh  r,  on  its  w.  boundary,  seoa- 
ratas  it  from  Mauch  Chunk  and  Lausanne  town- 
ships. Near  its  s.  w.  boundary  is  a  Lutheran 
church.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $15,500;  3  lumber 
yards,  cap.  $6,200;  1  fulling  m.,  2  furnaces,  1 
forge,  1  tannery,  5  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $65,000.  5  sch.  140  scholars.  Pop. 
1,847. 

Towanda,  p-t.,  capital  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  134 
n.  by  e.  Harrisburg,  244  W.  The  surface  is  hil- 
ly ;  soil,  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  Sugar  cr., 
flowing  into  Susquehanna  r.,  which  bounds  it  on 
the  E.  It  contains  bituminous  coal.  The  b.  is 
situated  on  the  w.  bank  of  the  n.  branch  of  Sus- 
quehanna r.,  and  is  the  capital  of  the  co.  Incor- 
porated in  1828,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail ; 
16  stores,  cap.  $64,349  ;  1  furnace,  1  tannery,  1 
distillery,  3  printing  offices,  3  weekly  newspa- 
pers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,700.  1  acad.  80 
students,  1  sch.  63  scholars.  Pop.  912.  There 
are  in  the  t.,  exclusive  of  the  borough,  1  fulling 
m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  grist  m.,  1  furnace,  3  saw  m., 
1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,100.  4  sch.  227 
scholars.     Pop.  1,002. 

Tower  Hill,  p-v.,  S.  Kingston  t,  Washington 
co.,  R.  I.,  37  s.  Providence,  396  W.  It  contains 
an  Episcopal  church. 

Towlesville,  p-o.,  Howard  t.,  Steuben  co., 
N.  Y.,  227  w.  by  s.  Albany,  307  W. 

Town  Creek,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Md. 

Towners,  p-o.,  Patterson  t.,  Putnam  co.,  N.  Y., 
95  s.  by  E.  Albany,  292  W. 

Town  Hill,  p-o.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa. 

Town  Line,  p-o.,  Lancaster  t.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y., 
275  w.  Albany,  382  W 

Townsbury,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  N.  J.,  65  n.  n. 
w.  Trenton,  220  W. 

Townsend,  p-t.,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  117  s. 
Montpelier,  439  W.  The  surface  is  generally 
uneven,  with  elevated  and  steep  hills ;  soil, 
adapted  to  grazing,  and  producing  grain,  fertile, 
especially  along  the  streams.  Watered  by  West 
r.  The  principal  v.  contains  a  Congregational 
and  a  Baptist  church,  3  stores,  and  about  40 
dwellings.  The  Leland  Classical  and  English 
school  here  has  a  brick  building  54  by  36  feet, 


TRK 


061 


TRE 


and  a  large  boarding  house  ibr  its  students. 
There  are  in  the  t.  4  stores,  cap.  $1 3,300 ;  1  full- 
ing m.,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  1  M«  ni.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $3,125.  1  acad.  156  students,  9  sch. 
430  scholars.     Pop.  1,315. 

Townsend,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  41  n.  w. 
Boston,  437  W.  The  surface  is  level  or  undula- 
ting; soil,  light  and  indifferent.  Drained  by 
Squanticook  r.,  and  its  branches,  flowing  into 
Nashua  r.  The  v.,  on  the  N.  side  of  Squanticook 
r.,  contains  1  Congregational  and  1  Unitarian 
church.  There  are  in  the  t.  6  stores,  capital 
$23,500 ;  1  cotton  fac.  256  sp.,  1  furnace,  2  tan- 
neries, 4  grist  ni.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$9,000.  1  acad.  70  students,  11  sch.  655  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,892. 

Townsend,  p-o.,  Dix  t.,  Chemung  co.,  N.  Y., 
194  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  302  W. 

Townsend,  p-t.,  Sandusky  co.,  O.,  102  n.  Co- 
lumbus, 417  W.  It  has  4  sch.  147  scholars.  Pop. 
692. 

Townsend,  t.,  Huron  co.,  O.,  3  E.  Norwalk. 
Drained  by  branches  of  Old  Woman's  cr.,  which 
flows  n.  into  Lake  Erie.  It  has  5  sch.  137  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  863. 

Townsend  Harbor,  p-v.,  Townsend  t.,  Mid- 
dlesex co.,  Mass.,  39  n.  w.  Boston,  435  W.  Sit- 
uated in  the  e.  part  of  the  t.,  and  contains  seve- 
ral stores  and  mills,  and  a  number  of  dwellings. 

Townsendville,  p-o.,  Lodi  t.,  Seneca  co.,  N. 

Townville,  p-o.,  Anderson  dist.,  S.  C,  154 
w.  n.  w.  Columbia,  559  W. 

Towsontown,  p-v.,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  37  n. 
Annapolis,  47  W.  It  contains  about  20  dwell- 
ing8- 

Tracey's  Landing,  p-o.,  Anne  Arundel  co., 
Md.,  24  N.  Annapolis,  44  W. 

Tranquility,  p-o.,  Granville  co.,  N.  C,  29  n. 
Raleigh,  276  W. 

Transylvania,  p-v.,  Sugar  Creek  t.,  Greene 
co.,  O.,  63  w.  s.  w.  Columbus,  461  W.  Situated 
on  Little  Miami  r.,  and  was  laid  out  in  1829. 

Trap  Hills,  p-o.,  Wilkes  co.,  N.  C,  173  w. 
Raleigh,  380  W. 

Trappe,  p-v.,  Upper  Providence  t.,  Mont 
gomery  co.,  Pa.,  81  e.  Harrisburg,  164  W.  It 
contains  1  church,  common  to  Lutherans  and 
German  Reformed,  2  stores,  and  about  20  dwell- 
ings. 

Trappe,  p-v.,  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  54  E.  s.  e.  An- 
napolis, 94  W. 

Travelers  Repose,  p-o.,  Pocahontas  co.,  Va., 
177  w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  204  W. 

Travelers  Rest,  p-o.,  Greenville  dist.,  S.  C, 
117  n.  w.  Columbia,  512  W. 

Travelers  Rest,  p-v.,  Dooly  co.,  Ga.,  87  s. 
s.  w.  Milledgeville,  443  W. 

Travelers  Rest,  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,  Ky.,  53  w. 
N.  w.  Frankfort,  521  W. 


Traylorsville,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,  Va.,  200  w 
about  30  inhabitants. 


s.  w.  Richmond,  275  W.  It  has  1  store,  and 
aout  30  inhabit) 

Treat's  Mills,  p-o.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  107 
Augusta,  700  W. 

Tredypin,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  17  n.  w.  Phila- 
delphia. The  surface  is  a  gentle  declivity ;  soil, 
calcareous  loam.  Watered  by  Valley  cr.  It 
contains  2  churches,  1  acad.  9  students,  8  sch.  396 
scholars.     Pop.  1,715. 

Tremainville,  p-o.,  Lucas  co.,  O.,  137  n.  n. 
w.  Columbus,  467  W. 

Tremont,  p-o.,  Clarke  co.,  O.,  50  w.  Colum- 
bus 443  W. 

Tremont,  p-v.,  capital  of  Tazewell  co.,  111.,  57 
N  Springfield,  771  W.  Situated  on  a  pleasant 
prairie,  and  laid  out  in  1835.    It  contains  a  court 


house,  jail,  3  churclics,  occupied  by  several  do* 
nominations,  11  stores  and  groceries,  60  dwell- 
ings, and  about  350  inhabits 

Tremont,  t.,  Buchanan  co.,  Mo.  Situated  1 
m.  E.  of  Platte  r.  It  has  1  sch.  25  scholars.  Pop. 
539. 

Trenton,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  Me.  It  has  1  tan- 
nery, 2  grist  ra.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,400.  10 
sch.  496  scholars.    Pop.  1,062. 

Trenton,  p-t.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  n.  Utica, 
96  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  101  W.  Tbe  surface  is  hil- 
ly;  soil,  clay  loam,  and  fertile.  Drained  by  Nine 
Mile  and  West  Canada  creeks,  on  the  latter  of 
which,  in  the  e.  part  of  the  t.,  are  Trenton  Falls, 
which  are  the  admiration  of  travellers.  It  has  10 
stores,  cap.  $100,500;  3  fulling  m.,  2  woollen 
fac,  1  furnace,  3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  4  grist  m., 
12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $37,350.  1  acad. 
160  students,  23  sch.  951  scholars.    Pop.  3,178. 

Trenton,  city,  Mercer  co.,  N.  J.,  and  capital 
of  the  state,  is  situated  on  the  e.  side  of  the  Del- 
aware, opposite  the  falls,  and  is  in  40°  13'  n.  lat. 
and  75°  48'  w.  Ion.  from  Greenwich,  and  2°  16' 
E.  Ion.  from  W.  It  is  10  miles  s.  w.  from  Prince- 
ton ;  26  s.  w.  from  New  Brunswick ;  30  n.  E. 
from  Philadelphia ;  60  s.  w.  from  New  York ; 
166  from  W.  The  population  in  1810,  was  3,003; 
in  1820,  3,942  ;  in  1830,  3,925  ;  in  1840,4,035.  Of 
these,  103  were  employed  in  commerce ;  571  in 
manufactures  and  trades ;  41  in  the  learned  pro- 
fessions. The  city  is  at  the  head  of  steamboat 
and  sloop  navigation.  It  is  regularly  laid  out, 
and  has  many  good  houses,  stores,  and  other 
buildings.  The  villages  of  Mill  Hill,  Bloomsbury, 
and  Lamberton,  combined  in  the  borough  of 
South  Trenton,  extending  a  mile  and  a  half  down 
the  Delaware,  are  suburbs  of  the  city,  and  in  a 
general  description,  should  be  considered  as  be- 
longing to  it.  In  the  city  proper,  there  are  a 
state  house,  100  feet  by  60,  built  of  stone  and 
stuccoed  in  imitation  of  granite ;  it  is  beautifully 
situated  on  the  bank  of  the  Delaware,  and  com- 
manding a  fine  view  of  the  river,  and  the  sur- 
rounding scenery ;  a  house  for  the  residence  of 
the  governor  of  the  state  ;  and  3  fire-proof  offices, 
2  banks,  a  public  library,  established  in  1750,  a 
lyceum,  7  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Dutch 
Reformed,  1  Episcopal,  2  Friends,  1  Methodist, 
and  1  African  Methodist ;  and  in  South  Trenton, 
a  court  house,  state  prison,  4  churches — 1  Baptist, 

1  Reformed  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Roman 
Catholic,  and  about  2,000  inhabitants.  There  were 
in  1840,  50  retail  stores,  cap.  $196,300  ;  4  lumber 
yards,  cap.  $49,000 ;  3  tanneries,  1  brewery,  1 
pottery ;  3  paper  fac.  cap.  $30,000 ;  1  rope  walk, 

2  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  3  printing  of- 
fices, 2  binderies,  2  weekly  and  1  semi-weekly 
newspaper.  Total  cap.  in  manufac.  $247,800. 
4  acad.  104  students,  10  sch.  314  scholars. 

At  the  foot  of  the  falls  or  rapids  a  beautiful 
covered  bridge  crosses  the  Delaware,  1,100  feet 
long,  resting  on  five  arches,  supported  on  stone 
piers.  The  Delaware  and  Raritan  canal,  form- 
ing a  sloop  navigation  from  Trenton  to  Bruns- 
wick, passes  through  the  city,  and  is  here  enter- 
ed by  a  feeder  taken  from  the  Delaware,  23  miles 
above  the  city.  The  canal  crosses  the  Assun- 
pink  creek  e.  of  the  town  in  a  fine  stone  aque- 
duct. Above  the  falls  the  Delaware  is  naviga- 
ble for  large  boats  as  far  as  Easton,  which  adds 
much  to  the  commercial  advantages  of  Trenton. 
The  New  Jersey  railroad  passes  through  the 
place.  A  company  has  been  chartered,  with  a 
capital  of  $200,000,  for  the  purpose  of  taking  the 
water  from  the  river  by  means  of  a  dam  and  race- 
way, and  carrying  it  along  and  below  the  city, 
with  outlets  tor  mills,  which  will  create  a  very 


TRE 


662 


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extensive  water  power  for  manufacturing  pur- 
poses. The  Assunpink  creek  also,  which  enters 
the  Delaware  below  the  city,  furnishes  some 
water  power. 

This  town  was  first  settled  about  the  year  1720. 
It  is  memorable  for  the  "  Battle  of  Trenton," 
December  25th,  1776,  when  1,000  Hessians  were 
captured  by  the  Americans  under  General  Wash- 
ington. That  was  a  gloomy  period  of  the  revo- 
lutionary war,  and  this  event  contributed  greatly 
to  revive  the  hopes  of  the  people.  Trenton  was 
incorporated  as  a  city  in  1792. 

Trenton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jones  co.,  N.  C,  21 
w.  by  s.  Newbern,  129  s.  e.  Raleigh,  359  W. 
Situated  on  the  s.  w.  side  of  Trent  r.,  a  branch  of 
Neuse  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and 
about  100  inhabitants. 

Trenton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Dade  co.,  Ga.  Situ- 
ated 1  m.  w.  of  Lookout  cr.,  and  14  s.  Tennessee 
r.,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and  several 
dwellings. 

Trenton,  p-v.,  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  177  N.  E. 
Tuscaloosa,  704  W. 

Trenton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Gibson  co.,  Tenn., 
131  w.  by  s.  Nashville,  814  W.  Situated  on  the 
s.  side  of  the  n.  fork  of  Forked  Deer  r.,  and  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  2  churches,  10  stores, 
and  about  700  inhabitants. 

Trenton,  p-v.,  Todd  co.,  Ky.,  197  s.  w.  Frank- 
fort, 721  W. 

Trenton,  p-v.,  Madison  t.,  Butler  co.,  O.,  94 
w.  s.  w.  Columbus,  484  W.  It  contains  151  in- 
habitants. 

Trenton,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  O.  It  was  for- 
merly called  Sunbury.  It  has  8  sch.  207  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,188. 

Trenton,  p-v.,  Knox  co.,  111.,  105  n.  n.  w. 
Springfield,  819. 

Trenton,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  Iowa. 

Trenton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Grundy  co.,  Mo. 
Situated  on  the  E.  side  of  the  e.  fork  of  Grand  r., 
and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and  several 
dwellings. 

Trenton  Falls,  p-v.,  Trenton  t.,  Oneida  co., 
N.  Y.,  93  n.  w.  by  w.  Albany,  403  W.  Situated 
at  Trenton  falls,  on  West  Canada  cr.,  22  miles 
above  its  junction  with  the  Mohawk  r.  Here  are 
6  separate  falls.  The  first,  called  the  Upper,  20 
feet  perpendicular;  the  2d,  the  Cascades,  18 
feet ;  the  3d,  the  Mill  dam,  14  feet ;  the  4th,  the 
High  falls,  which  have  3  separate  cascades,  of 
48,  11,  and  37  feet;  the  fifth,  Sherman's,  35  feet ; 
6th,  Conrad's,  where  is  a  mill  dam.  The  whole 
descent  of  the  stream  from  the  top  of  the  Upper 
fall  to  the  foot  of  Conrad's  fall  is  312  feet,  and 
the  distance  is  about  2  ms.  The  ravine  through 
which  the  creek  passes  is  often  100  feet  deep, 
with  banks  of  stone  almost  perpendicular,  and 
presents  scenery  wildly  picturesque  and  beauti- 
ful, and  when  the  water  is  high,  of  great  grand- 
eur. 

Trenton  Works,  p-o.,  Trenton  t.,  Delaware 
co.,  O.,  29  n.  Columbus,  391  W. 

Trevillin's  Depot,  Louisa  co.,  Va.,  65  n.  w. 
Richmond,  107  W. 

Trescot,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.  Bounded 
N.  and  n.  w.  by  Cobscook  bay,  and  s.  E.  by  the 
Atlantic.  It  has  good  harbors  on  branches  of 
Cobscook  bay,  and  is  well  situated  for  navigation 
and  the  fisheries.  Incorporated  in  1827.  It  has 
2  stores,  cap.  $1,500;  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $10,833.  8  sch.  282  scholars.  Pop. 
793. 

Trexlertown,  p-v.,  Macungy  t.,  Lehigh  co., 
Pa.,  79  e.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  172  W.  It  contains  a 
Lutheran  church,  a  store,  and  12  or  15  dwell- 
ings. 


Triadelphia,  p-o.,  Ohio  co.,  Va.,  343  n.  w. 
Richmond,  256  W. 

Triadelphia,  p-v.,  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  50 
w.  n.  w.  Annapolis,  29  W.  Situated  on  Patux- 
ent  r.,  contains  a  cotton  fac,  and  is  surrounded 
by  a  beautiful  country. 

Triana,  p-v.,  Madison  co.,  Ala.,  15  s.  w. 
Huntsville,  142  N.  n.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  723  W. 
Situated  on  the  n.  side  of  Tennessee  r.,  at  the 
mouth  of  Indian  cr. 

Triangle,  p-t.,  Broome  co.,  N.  Y.,  126  w.  s. 
w.  Albany,  317  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil, 
adapted  to  grazing.  Drained  by  Ostelic  and 
Toughnioga  rivers,  which  here  unite.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $15,000;  2  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  2 
grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,350. 
13  sch.  371  scholars.     Pop.  1,692. 

Trice's  Store,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C,  35  n. 
w.  Raleigh,  293  W. 

Trigg,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  s.,  to- 
ward the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  510 
sq.  ms.  Tennessee  r.  bounds  it  on  the  w.  Cum- 
berland river  passes  through  it.  Drained  by  Lit- 
tle r.  and  its  branches,  flowing  into  Cumberland 
r.  Capital,  Cadiz.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  7,993,  sheep  8,134,  swine  30,115;  wheat 
37,172  bushels  produced,  rye  4,975,  Indian  corn 
499,255,  oats  93,270,  potatoes  9,387,  tobacco 
1,879,537  pounds,  cotton  21,361,  sugar  4,235; 
13  stores,  cap.  $59,600 ;  4  tanneries,  7  grist  m.,  6 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $74,100.  11  sch.  265 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  5,614,  slaves  2,052,  free 
col'd  50  ;  total  7,716. 

Trimble,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  N.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  150  sq.  ms.  Bounded 
N.  and  w.  by  Ohio  r.  Drained  by  Little  Ken- 
tucky r.,  and  small  streams  flowing  into  the  Ohio 
r.  Capital,  Bedford.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  4,887,  sheep  6,572,  swine  12,054;  wheat 
27,571  bush,  prod.,  Ind.  corn  177,920,  oats  30,557, 
potatoes  6,69*1,  tobacco  385,140  pounds ;  7  stores, 
cap.  $23,300 ;  3  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  2  flour- 
ing m.,  10  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$58,860.  8  sch.  205  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
3,787,  slaves  673,  free  col'd  20;  total,  4,480. 

Trimble,  p-t.,  Athens  co.,  O.,  71  s.  E.  Colum- 
bus, 354  W.  Drained  by  Sunday  cr.,  a  branch 
of  Hoekhocking  r.     It  has  1  grist  m.     Pop.  762. 

Trimbles  Iron  Works,  p-o.,  Greenup  co., 
Ky.,  143  e.  by  n.  Frankfort,  436  W. 

Trires  Hill,  p-v.,  Amsterdam  t.,  Montgom- 
ery co.,  N.  Y.,  37  N.  w.  Albany,  407  W.  It  con- 
tains 1  church,  2  stores,  and  about  20  dwellings. 

Triplet,  p-o.,  Fleming  co.,  Ky.,  97  e.  by  n. 
Frankfort,  475  W. 

Trivoli,  p-o.,  Peoria  co.,  111.,  86  n.  Spring- 
field, 802  W. 

Trollinger's  Bridge,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  N. 
C,  56  w.  n.  w.  Raleigh,  290  W. 

Troublesome,  p-o.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  C, 
104  n.  w.  Raleigh,  281  W.  Situated  on  Trouble- 
some cr.,  where  are  iron  works. 

Trough  Creek,  p-o.,  Union  t.,  Huntingdon 
co.,  Pa.,  93  w.  Harrisburg,  137  W.  The  creek  is 
formed  by  a  n.  and  s.  branch,  which  unite  in  the 
middle  of  the  t.,  and  forcing  a  passage  through 
Terrace  mountain,  it  enters  the  Raystown  branch 
of  Juniata  r.  The  creek  gives  name  to  the  post- 
office. 

Troup,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  430  square  miles. 
Drained  by  Chattahoochee  r.  and  several  small 
branches,  the  principal  of  which  is  Yellow  Jacket 
creek.  Capital,  La  Grange.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  13,730,  sheep  6,525,  swine 
30,996 ;  wheat  68,525  bush,  prod.,  rye  2,857,  Ind. 
corn  469,635,  barley  1,363,  oats  35,655,  potatoes 


TRO 


663 


TRO 


23,369,  tobacco  1,746  pounds,  cotton  2,926,042 ; 
47  stores,  cap.  $1S4,370;  5  tanneries,  11  distille- 
ries, 19  flouring  m.,  25  grist  m.,  15  saw  m.,  1  print- 
ing office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  In  manu- 
fac.  $51,616.  5  acad.  318  students,  20  sch.  520 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  8,682,  slaves  7,023,  free 
col'd28;  total,  15,733. 

Troupsburg,  p-t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  246  w. 
by  s.  Albany,  282  W.  The  surface  is  undula- 
ting ;  soil,  clay,  and  gravelly  loam,  adapted  to 
grass.  Drained  by  Cowanesque  cr.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $1,500  ;  1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$600.     10  sch.  275  scholars.    Pop.  1,171. 

Troupsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ga., 
271  s.  Milledgeville,  886  W.  Situated  on  the  e. 
side  of  Withlacoochee  r.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Trout  Run,  p-o.,  Jackson  t.,  Lycoming  co., 
Pa.,  108  N.  Harrisburg,  218  W. 

Troy,  p-t.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  3)  n.  e.  Augusta, 
634  W.  The  surface  is  undulating;  soil,  fer- 
tile, adapted  to  grain.  Drained  by  branches  of 
Sebasticook  r.,  flowing  into  and  through  a  large 
pond  on  its  w.  border.  Incorporated  in  1812; 
received  its  present  name  in  1827.  It  has  1  full- 
ing m.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $5,675.  13  sch.  609  scholars.  Pop. 
1,375. 

Troy,  p-t.,  Cheshire  co.,  N.  H.,  57  s.  w.  Con- 
cord, 434  W.  Drained  by  branches  of  Ashuelot 
r.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $10,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $25,900.  1  acad.  35  students, 
6  sch.  255  scholars.     Pop.  683. 

Troy,  p-t ,  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  53  n.  by  E.  Mont- 
pelier,  569  W.  The  surface  is  generally  level ; 
soil,  a  strong  loam,  with  fine  intervales  along  the 
streams.  Watered  by  Missisque  r.  and  its  tribu- 
taries, which  afford  good  water  power.  The 
Missisque  has  here  a  fall  of  70  feet,  above  which 
a  rock  projects  120  feet  in  perpendicular  height, 
presenting  an  imposing  spectacle.  Chartered  in 
1792;  first  settled  in  1800.  Iron  ore  is  found. 
It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $11,500  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  fur- 
nace, 1  forge,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,350.  8  sch.  313  scholars. 
Pop.  856. 

Troy,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  store,  2 
saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  §8,000.     Pop.  554. 

Troy,  city,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of  Rens- 
selaer co.,  N.  Y.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  Hudson  r.,  6  n.  Albany,  151  N.  N. 
York,  376  W.  It  is  in  42°  44'  n.  lat.,  73°  40'  w. 
Ion.,  3°  15'  e.  Ion.  from  W.  Pop.  1810,  3,895; 
1820,  5,264  ;  1830,  11,405  ;  1840,  19,334  :  of  these 
796  were  employed  in  commerce,  2,279  in  manu- 
factures and  trades,  208  navigating  the  ocean, 
rivers,  &c,  218  in  the  learned  professions.  Its 
limits  extend  about  3  miles  along  the  river,  and 
its  breadth  is  H  miles.  The  plat  includes  an 
alluvial  flat,  somewhat  raised  above  the  level  of 
the  river,  and  bordered  on  the  E.  by  hills  of  con- 
siderable elevation,  from  which  descend  two 
considerable  streams,  denominated  Poesten  Kill, 
and  Wyant's  Kill,  which  have  romantic  cataracts 
and  cascades,  and  afford  extensive  water  power 
for  mills  and  machinery.  The  city  is  laid  out 
with  great  regularity.  The  main  business  street, 
called  River-street,  follows  the  course  of  the 
river  and  is  curved,  but  the  other  streets  are 
straight  and  cross  each  other  at  right  angles. 
There  are  15  streets  running  N.  and  s.,  numbers 
of  which  fall  successively  into  River-street ;  these 
are  crossed  by  19  others  running  e.  and  w.  The 
streets  are  generally  60  feet  wide,  well  paved 
and  have  good  sidewalks,  and  are  generally  or- 
namented   by    trees    and    well    lighted.     The 


houses  are  mostly  built  of  brick,  and  with  great 
neatness  and  taste,  and  a  number  of  the  public 
and  private  huildings  are  elegant.  The  court 
house  is  a  large  marble  building  with  a  fine 
Grecian  front  of  the  Doric  order.  There  is  a 
brick  jail,  and  a  countypoorhou.se  with  a  farm 
of  200  acres.  The  Rensselaer  Institute  is  de- 
signed to  give  a  scientific  and  practical  educa- 
tion, and  the  Troy  Female  Institute  has  been 
very  celebrated.  There  are  also  several  other 
schools  of  a  high  order.  There  is  a  Lyceum  of 
Natural  History,  with  a  valuable  library,  and  a 
cabinet  of  minerals  and  natural  history  ;  a  Young 
Men's  Association,  with  a  large  library,  cabinet, 
and  reading  room.  There  are  in  the  city  2  ex- 
cellent market- houses.  Some  of  the  churches 
are  elegant  buildings ;  one  of  them,  an  Episcopal, 
is  a  fine  specimen  of  the  Gothic  architecture. 
There  are  18  churches — 7  Presbyterian,  3  Epis- 
copal, 2  Baptist,  2  Methodist,  1  Roman  Catholic, 
1  Universahst,  1  Friends  Meeting  house,  and  1 
African.  There  are  6  banks,  with  an  aggregate 
capital  of  $1,568,000 ;  and  2  insurance  compa- 
nies. 

Troy  is  well  situated  for  commerce.  Being 
at  the  head  of  tidewater  on  the  Hudson,  sloops 
and  steamboats  come  to  its  wharves.  Sixty 
6loops,  3  large  and  2  smaller  steamboats,  5  steam 
tow-boats,  and  22  barges  are  engaged  in  the  trade 
between  this  city  and  New  York.  Troy  has  a 
rich  and  extensive  back  country  to  the  n.  and  n. 
e.,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  fine  roads,  and 
it  also  participates  in  the  advantages  of  the  Erie 
and  the  Champlain  canals.  There  were  in  1840, 
44  commercial  and  13  commission  houses  engaged 
in  foreign  trade,  with  a  cap.  of  $2,274,621  ;  270 
retail  stores,  cap.  $944,963  ;  8  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$206,000 ;  4  furnaces,  8  forges,  cap.  $279,000 ; 
machinery  manufactured,  value  $17,000 ;  hard- 
ware and  cutlery,  $925,400;  3  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  cap.  $50,000 ;  7  cotton  fac.  35,500 
sp.,  cap.  $352,150;  7  tanneries,  cap.  $91,000;  1 
distillery,  3  breweries,  cap.  $110,000;  manufac- 
tures of  leather,  cap.  $489,525  ;  1  pottery,  1  rope- 
walk,  13  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.,  3  paper  fac,  4 
printing  offices,  2  binderies,  2  daily,  3  weekly,  1 
semi-weekly  newspaper,  and  1  periodical ;  41 
brick  and  stone,  and  21  wooden  houses  were 
built,  and  cost  $190,430.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$2,423,135.  11  acad.  446  students,  40  Bch.  1,261 
scholars. 

The  water  power  of  Troy  is  great.  It  is  de- 
rived not  only  from  the  streams  which  flow  from 
the  hills  on  the  e.,  but  a  dam  with  a  lock  across 
the  Hudson,  is  not  only  valuable  for  navigation, 
but  renders  most  of  the  water  of  the  river  avail- 
able for  manufacturing  purposes.  The  city  is 
abundantly  supplied  with  pure  and  wholesome 
water  from  a  reservoir  in  the  n.  part  of  city,  sup- 
plied from  a  creek,  and  is  conveyed  in  iron  pipes 
through  the  city,  supplying  not  only  families,  but 
fountains  and  hydrants,  from  which  the  water  can 
be  thrown,  by  its  pressure  alone,  over  the  highest 
houses.  A  railroad  connects  the  city  with  Ballston 
Spa,  where  it  joins  the  Schenectady  railroad  to  Sa- 
ratoga. Troy  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1816. 
In  1820  a  disastrous  fire  swept  over  and  destroyed 
the  richest  and  most  important  part  of  the  city. 
West  Troy,  Watervliet  t.,  on  the  w.  side  of 
the  Hudson  r.,  though  in  a  different  county,  is 
properly  a  suburb  of  Troy,  with  which  it  is  con- 
nected by  a  bridge  and  two  ferries.  This  grow- 
ing village  was  incorporated  in  1836,  and  con- 
tains 800  dwelling  houses,  and  5,000  inhabitants. 
It  has  8  churches ;  the  Watervliet  bank,  with  a 
capital  of  $150,000;  and  an  extensive  United 
States  Arsenal.    In  the  n.  part  of  the  village,  the 


TRO 


664 


TRU 


s.  branch  of  the  Mohawk  unites  with  the  Hud- 
son, and  here  is  a  lateral  canal,  by  which  the 
Erie  canal  enters  the  river  ;  and  there  is  a  se- 
cond lateral  canal  a  mile  below.  The  waters  of 
this  s.  lateral  canal  pass  through  the  grounds  of 
the  Arsenal,  comprising  about  100  acres,  enclos- 
ed on  3  sides  by  an  iron  fence,  and  in  the  rear 
by  a  stone  wall,  containing  a  large  number  of 
buildings  ;  and  an  extensive  water  power  is  here 
afforded  by  the  waste  water  of  the  canal,  for 
the  use  of  the  establishment.  About  200  officers, 
soldiers  and  workmen,  are  attached  to  the  Arse- 
nal, and  manufacture  arms,  and  munitions  of  war, 
to  the  amount  of  $100,000  annually.  The  value 
on  hand,  Jan.  1st,  1841,  was  $1,662,230.  In  the 
yards  of  the  Arsenal  are  found  cannon  which 
were  captured  at  Saratoga  and  at  Yorktown, 
and  others  cast  in  New  York  and  Philadelphia 
during  the  revolution. 

There  were  in  1840,  in  the  t.  of  Watervliet,  94 
stores,  cap.  $100,853;  4  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$73,000  ;  value  of  machinery  produced,  $35,000  ; 
3  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  cap.  $95,000 ;  2  cot- 
ton fac.  5,160  sp.,  cap.  $225,000 ;  1  brewery, 
cap.  $100,000  ;  1  paper  fac,  2  rope  walks,  2  flour- 
ing m.,  10  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.,  1  printing  office, 
and  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$723,115.     13  sch.  1,600  scholars.     Pop.  10,141. 

Troy,  p-t.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  149  n.  by  e. 
Harrisburg,  256  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil, 
gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  branches  of  Sugar 
r.,  flowing  e.  to  the  Susquehanna  r.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $14,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  furnace,  2 
tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $15,950.  1  acad.  20  students,  1  sch.  474 
scholars.     Pop.  1,664. 

Troy,  p-v.,  capital  of  Pike  co.,  Ala.,  174  s.  E. 
Tuscaloosa,  863  W.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  and  about  100  inhabitants. 

Troy,  p-v.,  Yalabusha  co.,  Miss.,  119  n.  n.  e. 
Jackson,  964  W. 

Troy,  p-v.,  capital  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn.,  164  w. 
by  n.  Nashville,  846  W.  Situated  on  a  branch 
of  Obion  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and 
about  250  inhabitants. 

Troy,  p-t.,  capital  of  Miami  co.,  O.,  68  w.  by 
N.  Columbus,  460  W.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the 
w.  bank  of  Great  Miami  r.  It  contains  a  neat 
brick  court  house,  a  jail,  14  stores,  a  printing 
office,  and  about  200  dwellings.  There  are  in 
the  t.  2  sch.  70  scholars.    Pop.  1,351. 

Troy,  t.,  Athens  co.,  O.  It  has  8  stores,  cap. 
$4,500 ;  1  tannery,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper,  7  sch.  141  scholars.    Pop.  1,056. 

Troy,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  O.  It  has  6  sch.  127 
scholars.     Pop.  838. 

Troy,  t.,  Geauga  co.,  O.  It  has  4  sch.  130 
scholars.    Pop.  1,208. 

Troy,  t.,  Lorain  co.,  O.    Pop.  289. 

Troy,  t.,  Richland  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,939. 

Troy,  t.,  Wood  co.,  O.  It  has  4  sch.  69  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  333. 

Troy,  p-v.,  capital  of  Perry  co.,  la.,  168  s.  s. 
w.  Indianapolis,  687  W.  Situated  on  Ohio  r.,  1 
mile  above  the  mouth  of  Anderson's  cr.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  1  church,  several  stores, 
and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Troy,  t.,  Fountain  co.,  la.  It  has  30  sch.  407 
scholars.    Pop.  1,719. 

Troy,  p-t.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  22  n.  w.  De- 
troit, 546  W.  Watered  by  head  branches  of  Red 
river.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $8,000.  Capital  in 
manufactures  $850.  9  sch.  682  scholars.  Pop. 
1,482. 

Troy,  p-v.,  Milwaukie  co.,  Wis.,  73  E.  Madi- 
son, 806  W. 


Troy,  t.,  Walworth  co.,  Wis.  It  has  1  sch.  25 
scholars.     Pop.  432. 

Troy,  p-v.,  capital  of  Lincoln  co.,  Mo.,  129  e. 
n.  E.  Jefferson  City,  860  W.  Formerly  called 
Wood's  Fort.  It  is  situated  on  the  s.  w.  side  of 
Cuivre  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and 
about  300  inhabitants. 

Troy  Furnace,  p-o.,  Orleans  co.,  Vt. 

Troy  Grove,  p-o.,  La  Salle  co.,  111.  Situated 
on  Little  Vermilion  r.,  12  ms.  above  its  mouth. 

Troy  Mills,  p-o.,  Fulton  co.,  111.,  80  n.  w. 
Springfield,  826  W. 

Troy's  Store,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  N.  C,  67 
w.  Raleigh,  318  W. 

Truago,  p-v.,  Monguagon  t.,  Wayne  co.,  Mich., 
32  s.  Detroit,  511  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank 
of  Detroit  r.,  opposite  Grass  island.  It  contains 
a  wharf,  a  store,  and  about  10  dwellings. 

Truxville,  p-o.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  129  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  236  W. 

Trumansburg,  p-v.,  Ulysses  t,  Tompkins  co., 
N.  Y.,  173  w.  by  s.  Albany,  306  W.  It  contains 
3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  and  1 
Methodist — a  female  seminary,  7  stores,  2  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.,  2  carriage  fac,  1  furnace,  1  carding 
and  cloth  dressing  fac,  125  dwellings,  and  about 
800  inhabitants. 

Trumbaursville,  p-v.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  95  e. 
Harrisburg,  174  W. 

Trumbull,  county,  O.  Situated  toward  the 
N.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  875  sq.  miles. 
Drained  by  Mahoning  r.,  and  Musketoe,  Shenan- 
go,  Meander,  and  Mill  crs.,  and  by  head  branches 
of  Grand  r.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  soil,  fer- 
tile, adapted  to  grazing.  It  exports  cattle,  butter, 
cheese,  and  grain.  It  is  the  oldest  county  on  the 
Connecticut  Reserve,  and  was  named  in  honor 
of  Gov.  Trumbull  of  Connecticut.  The  early 
records  of  the  counties  on  the  Reserve  are  copied 
from  the  records  of  this  county.  The  Pennsyl- 
vania and  Ohio  canal,  here  called  the  Mahoning 
canal,  passes  through  the  county.  Capital,  War- 
ren. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  48,835, 
sheep  77,486,  swine  41,970 ;  wheat  241,563  bush, 
prod.,  rye  24,858,  Ind.  corn  388,421,  buckwheat 
104,557,  oats  221,262,  potatoes  254,284,  sugar 
208,359  pounds ;  8  commission  houses,  capital 
$10,100;  45  stores,  cap.  $231,600;  8  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  23  tanneries,  4  distilleries,  1  brew- 
ery, 44  grist  m.,  120  saw  m.,  3  oil  m.,  2  printing 
offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$13,200.  1  acad.  179  students,  286  sch.  13,572 
scholars.     Pop.  38,107. 

Trumbull,  p-t.,  Fairfield  co.,  Ct.,  5  n.  Bridge- 
port, 59  s.  w.  Hartford.  238  W.  The  surface  is 
uneven ;  soil,  gravelly  loam,  and  generally  fer- 
tile. Incorporated  from  Stratford  in  1798.  Drain- 
ed by  Pequannock  r.,  which  enters  Bridgeport 
harbor.  It  contains  4  churches — 2  Episcopal,  1 
Congregational,  and  1  Methodist.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $5,000 ;  1  woollen  fac,  3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Capital  in  manufac  $2,000.  5  sch.  142  scholars. 
Pop.  1,204. 

Trumbull,  p-t.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.,  186  n.  e. 
Columbus,  337  W.  Organized  in  1825.  It  has  1 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,150.  3 
sch.  100  scholars.    Pop.  433. 

Trumbull  Long  Hill,  p-v.,  Trumbull  t., 
Fairfield  co..  Ct.,  62  s.  w.  Hartford,  291  W.  It  is 
the  first  land  seen  from  the  ocean  in  this  direction. 

Trundle's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Sevier  co.f 
Tenn.,  198  e.  by  s.  Nashville,  509  W. 

Truro,  p-t.,  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  112  s.  E. 
Boston,  513  W.  By  water  it  is  only  65  ras.  from 
Boston.  It  occupies  the  n.  part  of  Cape  Cod.  If 
is  bounded  n.  e.  by  the  Atlantic,  and  bas  Cape 
Cod  bay  on  the  s.  E.  The  soil  is  light  and  sandy 


TUL 


605 


TUN 


with  a  scanty  growth  of  vegetation.  The  inhab- 
itants derive  their  chief  subsistence,  and  a  very 
good  one,  from  the  fisheries.    It  has  1  churches— 

2  Congregational,  1  Unitarian,  and  1  Methodist. 
Salt  us  extensively  manufactured.  First  settled 
in  ]700,  and  incorporated  in  1709.  It  has  an  in- 
let from  (ape  Cod  bay,  called  Pa  met  r.,  3  miles 
long,  antl  from  a  half  to  three  fourths  of  a  mile 
Wide.  It  has  16  stores,  cap.  §15,700;  4  grist  m. 
( lap.  in  manufac.  $4,000.  1.  acad.  52  students, 
12  sch.  567  scholars.     Pop.  1,920. 

Truro,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  O.  The  soil  is  gene- 
rally fertile.  Watered  by  Gahannah  and  Black- 
lick  crs.,  which  afford  water  power.  First  settled 
from  Truro  in  Nova  Scotia.  It  has  1  school  25 
scholars.     Pop.  1,103. 

Truss,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Ala.,  71  n.  e.  Tus- 
caloosa, 717  W. 

Truxton,  p-t.,  Cortland  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  n.  e. 
Cortland,  130  w.  Albany,  327  W.  The  surface 
is  undulating ;  soil,  calcareous  gravel  and  argil- 
laceous loam.  Drained  by  Toughnioga  r.  '1  he 
v.  contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Baptist  church, 
4  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  2  sasn  fac.,  1  fur- 
nace, 1  tannery,  50  dwellings,  and  about  300  in- 
habitants. There  are  in  the  t.  5  stores,  capital 
$15,400 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  furnace, 

3  tanneries,  5  grist  m.,  25  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufactures  $39,530.  31  sch.  1,205  scholars. 
Pop.  3,65S. 

Tkyon,  p-o.,  Rutherford  co.,  N.  C,  237  w.  s. 
w.  Raleigh, -179  \V. 

Tuckahoe,  p-o.,  Jones  co.,  N.  C,  109  s.  E. 
Raleigh,  339  W. 

Tuckahoe,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn.,  203  e. 
Nashville,  493  W. 

Tuckahoe  Bridge,  p-v.,  Cape  May  co.,  N.  J., 
76  s.  Trenton,  186  W.  The  v.  is  situated  on  both 
sides  of  Tuckahoe  cr.,  connected  by  a  bridge,  10 
ins.  from  the  sea.  It  contains  several  stores,  and 
about  20  dwellings.    It  exports  wood  and  lumber. 

Tuckasaga,  p-v.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.  C,  169 
w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  408  W. 

Tuckaseeking,  p-o.,  Effingham  co.,  Ga.,  142 
E.  s.  e.  Milledgeville,  664  W. 

Tucker's  Cabin,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,  Ga.,  79  w. 
N.  w.  Milledgeville,  683  W. 

Tuckerton,  p-v.,  Little  Egg  Harbor  t.,  Bur- 
lington co.,  N.  J.,  69  s.  Trenton,  192  W.  Situa- 
ted on  Shord's  Mill  Branch  cr.,  6  ms.  from  Little 
Egg  Harbor  bay,  from  which  wood-scows  and 
flats  ascend  to  the  v.  It  contains  3  churches — 8 
Methodist  and  1  Friends— 5  stores,  and  about  40 
dwellings.  Timber  and  wood  are  exported,  and 
salt  is  manufactured.  It  is  resorted  to  in  the 
summer  for  sea  bathing. 

Tuftonborough,  p-t.,  Carroll  co.,  N.  H.,  44 
E.  by  n.  Concord,  525  W.  Winnipiseogee  lake 
bounds  it  on  the  s.  w.,  and  presents  a  fine  water 
prospect.  It  has  several  ponds,  one  of  which,  in 
the  n.  e.  part,  discharges  its  waters  into  Ossipee 
lake.  First  settled  in  1780 ;  incorporated  in  1795. 
It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $5,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,550.  10  sch. 
415  scholars.    Pop.  1,281. 

Tully,  p-t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  s.  Syra- 
cuse, 127  w.  by  N.  Albany,  328  W.  The  surface 
is  generally  level ;  soil,  clay  loam,  well  adapted 
to  grazing.  Drained  by  Onondaga  creek  and 
Toughnioga  river.  The  v.  contains  1  church,  2 
stores,  1  grist  m.,  45  dwellings,  and  about  300  in 
habitants.  The  t.  has  3  stores*  cap.  $21,000;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  3  grist  m. 
7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $20,600.  9  sch.  540 
scholars.     Pop.  1,663.      . 

Tully,  p-v.,  Lewis  co.,  Mo.,  136  n.  by  E.  Jef- 
ferson City,  905  W. 

84 


Tully,  t.,  Marion  co.,  o.    It  has  5  sch.  190 

scholars.      Pop.  870. 

Tuli.y.  t..  Van  Wert  <■().,  O.    Pop.  99. 
Tuli.vton,  p-v.,  Greenville  dist.,  S.  C,  107 
w.  N.  w.  Columhia,  tit  W. 

TULLYTOWN,  p-V.,  Falls  t..   Ihieks  ( ■(>.,   l*a..  Ill) 

E.  Harrisburg,  159  W.  situated  |  ooolei  from 
Bristol,  on  the  road  to  Trenton,  and  contains  1 
store,  and  6  or  8  dwellings. 

Tully  Valley,  p-o.,  Tully  t.,  Onondaga  co., 
N.  Y.,  131  w.  by  n.  Albany,  332  W. 

Tumbling  Shoals,  p-o.,  Laurens  dist.,  S.  C, 
82  w.  n.  w.  Columbia,  508  W. 

Tunbridge,  p-t.,  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  32  s.  s.  K. 
Montpelier,  495  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  and 
broken  ;  soil,  a  deep,  rich  loam,  with  some  inter- 
vales along  the  streams.  Watered  by  the  First 
Branch  of  White  r.,  which  affords  water  power. 
It  contains  5  churches,  belonging  to  the  Congre- 

fationalists,  Free-will  Baptists,  Methodists,  and 
Iniversalists.  The  v.  at  the  centre,  on  the  First 
Branch  of  White  r.,  contains  1  church,  2  stores, 
1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  fulling  m.,  and  1  trip-ham- 
mer, works.  There  is  a  sulphur  spring  in  the  w. 
part  of  the  t.  There  are  in  the  t.  2  tanneries,  1 
grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $9,700.  1 
acad.  40  students,  20  sch.  610  scholars.  Pop. 
811. 

Tulpehocken,  t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.  The  sur- 
face is  diversified ;  soil,  calcareous  loam  and 
gravel,  and  very  fertile.  Drained  by  Northkill 
and  Little  Northkill  creeks,  tributaries  of  Tulpe- 
hocken cr.  The  Union  canal  passes  along  its 
s.  border.  It  contains  a  church,  common  to  Pres- 
byterians and  Lutherans.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$6,000;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $4,000  ;  1  fulling  m., 
1  woollen  fac,  2  forges,  4  tanneries,  5  distilleries, 
5  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,220. 
Pop.  1,581. 

Tunkhannock,  r.,  Pa.,  rises  in  Jackson  t.,  Sus- 
quehanna co.,  at  the  foot  of  Ararat  mountain, 
and  flows  s.  w.  through  Wyoming  co.  into  Sus- 
quehanna r.,  on  the  n.  side  of  Tunkhannock 
mountain.    It  is  about  30  ms.  long. 

Tunkhannock,  p-t.,  capital  of  Wyoming  co., 
Pa.,  154  n.  N.  E.  Harrisburg,  259  W.  Bounded 
s.  w.  by  Susquehanna  r.  The  surface  is  uneven  ; 
soil,  fertile  along  the  streams.  Drained  by  Tunk- 
hannock and  ."Meshoppen  creeks.  The  v.  is  situ- 
ated at  the  mouth  of  Punkhannock  cr.,  and  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  several  stores  and  me- 
chanic shops,  and  a  number  of  dwellings.  The 
t.  furnishes  a  large  amount  of  lumber.  Tunk- 
hannock mountain  crosses  it  diagonally,  and  near 
the  s.  boundary  has  an  elevation  of  640  feet. 
There  are  in  the  1. 12  stores,  cap.  $63,150 ;  1  full- 
ing m.,  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  3  grist  m.,  11  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $21,560.  8  sch.  288  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,933. 

Tunica,  county,  Miss.  Situated  in  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state/and  contains  600  sq.  ms.  3Iis- 
sissippi  r.  bounds  it  on  the  w.  Coldwater  r. 
passes  through  its  N.  E.  part,  by  branches  of 
which,  and  by  small  streams  flowing  into  Missis- 
sippi r.,  it  is  drained.  It  contains  several  small 
lakes.  Capital,  Peyton.  There  were  in  18-10, 
neat  cattle  1,86S,  sheep  77,  swine  2,039;  wheat 
436  bush,  produced,  Indian  corn  24,210,  potatoes 
1,146,  cotton  222  pounds;  3  commission  houses, 
cap.  $31,000;  2  breweries,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,900.  1  school  62  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  566,  slaves  251,  free  col'd  4;  total, 
821. 

Tunnell,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  153  w.  N. 
w.  Annapolis,  112  W. 

Tunnell,  p-o.,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  180  w.  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  208  W. 


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666 


TUS 


Tunnell  Hill,  p-o.,  Murray  co.,  Ga.,  200  n. 
w.  Milledgeville,  621  W. 

Tunnell's  Store,  p-o.,  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  74  s. 
Dover,  161  W. 

Tunungwant,  p-o.,  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  214  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  297  W. 

Tunungwant  Mills,  p-o.,  Cattaraugus  co., 
N.Y. 

Tupper's  Lake,  N.  Y.  Situated  in  the  s.  w. 
part  of  Franklin  co.,  is  6  miles  long  and  2  wide, 
abounding  with  excellent  trout  and  other  fish. 

Tupper's  Plains,  p-o.,  Orange  t.,  Meigs  co., 
O.,  103  s.  e.  Columbus,  326  W. 

Turbut,  t,  Northumberland  co.,  Pa.,  14  n. 
Sunbury.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  calcareous 
loam  and  alluvion.  Drained  by  Delaware,  War- 
rior, Muddy,  and  Limestone  runs,  flowing  into 
the  w.  branch  of  Susquehanna  r.,  which  bounds 
it  on  the  w.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $20,500 ;  1  tan- 
nery, 2  distilleries,  3  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$21,550.     8  sch.  415  scholars.     Pop.  3,872. 

Turbutville,  p-o.,  Turbut  t,  Northumber- 
land co.,  Pa.,  78  n.  Harrisburg,  18S  W. 

Turin,  p-t.,  Lewis  co.,  N.  Y.,  126  n.  w.  Alba- 
ny, 435  W.  The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  a  fertile 
loam.  Drained  by  small  tributaries  of  Black  r. 
The  v.  is  situated  on  a  branch  of  Black  r.,  and 
contains  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist  church, 
6  stores,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1 
tannery,  40  dwellings,  and  about  250  inhabitants. 
There  are  in  the  t.  5  stores,  cap.  $19,080 ;  2  tan- 
neries, 1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  9  saw  m ,  1  oil  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,400.  16  sch.  571  scholars. 
Pop.  1,704. 

Turkey,  p-o.,  Monmouth  co.,  N.  J.,  39  e.  Tren- 
ton, 205  W. 

Turkey  Cove,  p-o.,  Lee  co.,  Va. 

Turkey  Cove,  p-o.,  Burke  co.,  N.  C,  230  w. 
Raleigh,  460  W. 

Turkey  Creek,  p-o.,  Buncombe  co.,  N.  C, 
14  w.  Ashville,  271  w.  Raleigh,  501  W. 

Turkey  Foot,  p-t,  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  15  s.  w. 
Bedford,  160  w.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  178  W.  The 
surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  a  fertile  loam.  Laurel 
mountain  is  on  the  w.  and  Negro  mountain  on 
the  e.  boundary.  Drained  by  Castleman's  r. 
and  Laurel  Hill  cr.,  branches  of  Youghiogheny 
r.  The  v.  is  near  the  s.  boundary,  w.  of  Castle- 
man's r.  There  are  in  the  t.  1  fulling  m.,  2  tan- 
neries, 5  distilleries,  5  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $3,600.  2  sch.  46  scholars.  Pop. 
1,422. 

Turkey  Foot,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,  O.,  162  n.  w. 
Columbus,  493  W. 

Turkey  Town,  p-v.,  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  128 
n.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  721  W.  Situated  a  little  w. 
of  Coosa  r.,  and  contains  about  75  inhabitants. 

Turman's  Creek,  p-o.,  Sullivan  co.,  la.,  95  s. 
w.  Indianapolis,  666  W.  The  cr.  rises  in  the  n. 
border  of  Sullivan  co.,  and  flows  s.  w.  into  Wa- 
bash r. 

Turman's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Lawrence  co.,  Ky., 
164  E.  Frankfort,  424  W. 

Turnbull,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Ala.,  127  s.  Tus- 
caloosa, 919  W.     Situated  s.  of  Flat  cr. 

Turner,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  30  w.  s.  w.  Au- 
gusta, 586  W.  Androscoggin  r.  flows  on  its  e. 
border.  Drained  by  a  branch  of  Androscoggin  r. 
The  surface  is  pleasantly  diversified  ;  soil,  gen- 
erally fertile.  Incorporated  in  1786.  It  has  10 
stores,  cap.  $7,500 ;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $900 ; 
2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  5  grist  ra.,  8  saw  m.,  1  oil 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $21,655.  1  acad.  80  stu- 
dents, 17  sch.  1,067  scholars.     Pop.  2,479. 

Turner's  Hill,  p-o.,  Overton  co.,  Tenn.,  109 
K.  by  n.  Nashville,  612  W. 

Turner's  Mills,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C. 


Turner's  Store,  p-o.,  Caroline  co.,  Va.,  37 
n.  Richmond,  88  W. 

Turner's  Store,  p-o.,  Iredell  co.,  N.  C,  156 
w.  Raleigh,  393  W. 

Turnersville,  p-v.,  Robertson  co.,  Tenn.,  36 
n.  n.  w.  Nashville,  718  W.  Situated  on  a  branch 
of  the  Sulphur  fork  of  Red  r. 

Turtle  Creek,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  187 
w.  by  n.  Harrisburg,  213  W.  The  creek,  from 
which  it  is  named,  rises  in  Salem  t.,  Westmore- 
land co.,  and  flows  w.  17  ms.  into  Monongahela 
r.,  in  Alleghany  co.  It  is  navigable  for  canoes 
10  ms. 

Turtle  Creek,  t,  Shelby  co.,  O.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $4,200 ;  1  saw  m.,  4  sch.  84  scholars. 
Pop.  746. 

Turtle  Creek,  t,  Warren  co.,  O.  It  has  15 
sch.  1,090  scholars.    Pop.  4,947. 

Tuscahoma,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Ala.,  112 
s.  s.  w.  Tuscaloosa,  930  W. 

Tuscahoma,  p-v.,  Tallahatchie  co.,  Miss.,  117 
n.  Jackson,  986  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of 
Yallabusha  r.,  and  contains  about  75  inhabitants. 
•Tuscaloosa,  r.,  Ala.,  called  also  the  Black 
Warrior  r.,  which  answers  to  the  Choctaw  Indian 
name,  Tuscaloosa.  It  rises  from  2  branches — 
Locust  fork,  the  E.  branch,  and  Mulberry  r.,  the 
w.  branch.  The  former  rises  in  Blount  co.,  20 
miles  s.  of  Tennessee  r.  Mulberry  r.,  which, 
though  shorter,  is  larger,  rises  in  Lawrence  and 
Walker  counties.  They  unite  on  the  boundary 
of  Jefferson  and  Tuscaloosa  counties,  and  become 
the  Black  Warrior  r.,  which,  flowing  by  Tusca- 
loosa, unites  with  the  Tombigbee  r.  in  the  s.  part 
of  Greene  co.  It  is  navigable  for  steamboats  to 
Tuscaloosa,  400  ms.  above  Mobile,  by  the  course 
of  the  r. 

Tuscaloosa,  county,  Ala.  Situated  a  little  n. 
w.  of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,350 
sq.  miles.  Drained  by  Black  Warrior  r.  and  its 
branches,  and  by  Sipsey  r.,  a  branch  of  Tombig- 
bee r.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Capital,  Tusca- 
loosa. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  11,163, 
sheep  3,159,  swine  21,160  ;  wheat  17,958  bushels 
produced,  rye  1,352,  Indian  corn  348,222,  oats 
16,105,  potatoes  16,863,  cotton  2,576,002  pounds  ; 
31  stores,  cap.  $8,000 ;  4  tanneries,  1  distillery,  5 
potteries,  1  flouring  m.,  24  grist  m.,  20  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,500.  4  acad.  319 
students.  Pop.  whites  9,943,  slaves  6,554,  free 
col'd  86  ;  total,  16,583. 

Tuscaloosa,  city,  capital  of  Tuscaloosa  co., 
Ala.,  and  of  the  state,  160  s.  s.  w.  Huntsville,  355 
N.  Mobile,  by  course  of  river,  818  W.  Situated 
on  the  s.  E.  side  of  Black  Warrior  or  Tuscaloosa 
r.,  at  the  lower  falls,  on  an  elevated  plain,  at  the 
head  of  steamboat  navigation  on  the  r.,  256  miles 
N.  Mobile  by  land.  It  contains  a  handsome  state 
house,  a  court  house,  jail,  a  U.  S.  land  office,  4 
churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist, 
and  1  Methodist — a  masonic  hall,  Washington 
and  La  Fayette  academy,  an  atheneum  for  young 
ladies,  a  lyceum  for  boys,  the  Alabama  Institute, 
a  number  of  stores,  and  1,949  inhabitants.  The 
streets  are  spacious,  crossing  each  other  at  right 
angles,  and  the  state  house  stands  in  the  centre 
of  a  public  square.  About  1  mile  e.  stand  the 
halls  of  the  University  of  Alabama,  which  was 
founded  in  1828,  has  a  president  and  7  professors, 
or  other  instructors,  63  alumni,  4  of  whom  have 
been  ministers  of  the  gospel,  60  students,  and 
6,000  vols,  in  its  libraries.  The  commencement 
is  on  the  Wednesday  after  the  first  Monday  in 
December. 

Tuscarawas,  r.,  O.,  is  the  main  branch  of 
Muskingum  r.  above  Coshocton  v.  It  rises  in 
the  s.  w.  part  of  Portage  co.,  and  flows  s.  and  s. 


TUS 


667 


TYL 


w.  until  it  unites  with  the  Walhonding  at  Coshoc- 
ton v.  to  form  Muskingum  r.  It  is  about  80  ins. 
long  above  the  junction,  and  is  navigable  for 
boats  of  7  or  8  tons,  in  high  water,  to  New  Phil- 
adelphia. 

Tuscarawas,  county,  O.  Situated  centrally 
in  the  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  655  sq. 
ras.  Drained  by  Tuscarawas  river,  and  Sandy, 
Conoton,  Stillwater,  and  Sugar  creek?.  Settled 
in  1803,  or  1804,  principally  by  Germans  from  w. 
Pennsylvania.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Capital,  New 
Philadelphia.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
17,448,  sheep  32,725,  swine  26,535 ;  wheat  332,0-28 
bush,  produced,  rye  29,120,  Indian  corn  265,973, 
buckwheat  36,278,  barley  1,349,  oats  283,285, 
potatoes  108,296,  tobacco  15,000  pounds,  sugar 
100,409 ;  22  commission  houses,  capital  $56,400  ; 
57  stores,  cap.  $105,450;  2  fulling  m.,  17  tanner- 
ies, 6  distilleries,  2  potteries,  7  flouring  m.,  30 
grist  m.,  71  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.,  1  printing  office. 
Cap.  in  raanufac.  $175,250.  143  sch.  9,866  schol- 
ars. Pop.  whites  25,560,  free  colored  71 ;  total, 
25,631. 

Tuscarawas,  p-v.,  Warwick  t,  Tuscarawas 
co.,  O.,  108  e.  Columbus,  315  W.  Situated  on 
Tuscarawas  r.  and  the  Ohio  canal,  and  contains 
several  stores  and  about  100  inhabitants. 

Tuscarawas,  t.,  Coshocton  co.,  O.  It  has  9 
stores,  cap.  $12,700;  1  furnace,  1  flouring  m.,  2 
saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $83,300.     Pop.  455. 

Tuscarawas,  t.,  Stark  co.,  O.  It  has  4  sch. 
95  scholars.     Pop.  1,792. 

Tuscarora,  cr.,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Steuben  co. 
and  flows  e.  into  Canisteo  r. 

Tuscarora,  p-o.,  Sparta  t.,  Livingston  co.,  N. 
Y.,  249  w.  Albany,  346  W. 

Tuscarora,  v.,  Lewiston  t.,  Niagara  co.,  N. 
Y.,  3  E.  Lewiston.  It  is  an  Indian  v.,  and  con- 
tains 1  Presbyterian  and  1  Baptist  church,  and 
about  300  inhabitants,  and  consists  of  the  rem- 
nant of  a  powerful  tribe  who  emigrated  about  70 
years  since  from  N.  C.  and  joined  the  Five  Nations, 
well  known  in  the  early  history  of  the  country, 
constituting  a  sixth  tribe,  afterward  denominated 
the  Six  Nations.  An  English  school  is  attached 
to  the  v. 

Tuscarora,  mts.,  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  lie  on 
the  line  between  Rush  and  West  Penn  town- 
ships, and  constitute  the  w.  continuation  of 
Mauch  Chunk  mt.  They  abound  in  anthracite 
coal,  many  veins  of  which  have  been  recently 
opened.  . 

Tuscarora,  cr.,  Pa.,  commences  in  Tell  t., 
Huntingdon  co.,  and  flows  about  35  ms.  N.  E.,  to 
its  entrance  into  Juniata  r. 

Tuscarora,  t.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.  Watered 
by  Tuscarora  creek.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $6,000 ; 
8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,900.  3  sch.  112 
scholars.     Pop.  1,020. 

Tuscarora,  t.,  Juniata  co.,  Pa.  Population 
1,018. 

Tuscarora,  p-v.,  Rush  t.,  Shuylkill  co..  Pa., 
16  N.  E.  Orwigsburg,  75  N.  E.  Harrisburg,  185  W. 
Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Tuscarora  mt.,  at  the 
head  of  the  main  branch  of  Juniata  r.  It  has  12 
or  15  dwellings,  most  of  them  small,  inhabited 
chiefly  by  miners. 
Tuscarora,  p-o.,  Lee  co.,  Iowa. 
Tuscarora  Valley,  p-o.,  Juniata  co.,  Pa.,  55 
N.  w.  Harrisburg,  139  W.  ... 

Tuscola,  county,  Mich.  Situated  m  the  e. 
part  of  the  peninsula,  and  contains  800  sq.  ms. 
Bounded  n.  w.  by  Saginaw  bay  of  Lake  Huron. 
Drained  by  Cass  r.  and  its  branches.    It  is  un- 

Tuscola,  p-t.,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.  It  has  2 
sch.  44  scholars.    Pop.  247. 


Tuscola,  t.,  Saginaw  co ,  Mich.  It  has  1  saw 
m.     Pop.  55. 

Tuscumbia,  p-v.,  Franklin  co.,  Ala.,  66  w. 
Huntsville,  129  n.  by  w.  Tuscaloosa,  788  \V.  It 
contains  3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  I  Method- 
ist, and  1  Campbellife — 2  male  and  2  female  semi- 
naries, 16  stores  of  different  kinds.  1  iron  foundry 
connected  with  the  railroad,  200  dwellings,  and 
about  2,000  inhabitants.  A  railroad  extends  from 
this  place  to  Decatur,  on  Tennessee  r.,  for  the 
purpose  of  passing  the  Muscle  Shoals  in  that  r. 
A  most  extraordinary  spring  here  flows  from  a 
large  fissure  in  a  limestone  rock,  which  discharges 
20,000  cubic  feet  of  water  per  minute,  and  it 
flows  a  considerable  stream,  2i  ms.  to  Tennes- 
see r.  The  inhabitants  are  supplied  with  water 
from  this  spring,  and  the  depth  of  the  stream  is  8 
feet  where  it  issues  from  the  rock. 

Tuscumbia,  p-v.,  capital  of  Miller  co.,  Mo.,  35 
s.  w.  Jefferson  City,  971  W.  Situated  on  the  N. 
w.  side  of  Osage  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  and  about  50  inhabitants. 

Tuskegee,  p-v.,  capital  of  Macon  co.,  Ala., 
152  e.  s.  E.  Tuscaloosa,  799  W.  Situated  on  a 
branch  of  Tallapoosa  r.,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  and  about  500  inhabitants. 

Tuthill,  p-v.,  Shawangunk  t.,  Ulster  co.,  N. 
Y.,  81  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  305 "W.  It  contains  2 
stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  fulling  in.,  and  a  number  of 
dwellings. 

Twelve  Mile,  p-o.,  Pickens  dist.,  S.  C,  135 
w.  n.  w.  Columbia,  530  W. 

Twelve  Mile,  t.,  Madison  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1 
sch.  24  scholars.     Pop.  412. 

Twelve  Pole,  p-o.,  Cabell  co.,  Va.,  363  w. 
by  n.  Richmond,  406  W. 

Twenty  Mile  Stand,  p-o.,  Deerfield  t.,  War- 
ren co.,  O.,  10  s.  w.  Lebanon,  100  w.  s.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 473  W. 

Twiggs,  county,  Ga.  Situated  near  the  centre 
of  the  state,  and  contains  410  sq.  ms.  Ockmul- 
gee  r.  bounds  it  on  the  s.  w.,  by  small  branches 
of  which  it  is  drained.  Capital,  Marion.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,401,  sheep  2,013, 
swine  22,236  ;  wheat  14,743  bush,  produced,  rye 
2,519,  Ind.  corn  329,528,  oats  14,024,  potatoes 
16,325,  cotton  3,257,359  lbs. ;  1  commercial  house, 
cap.  $150,000 ;  10  stores,  cap.  $25,000 ;  9  grist  m., 
5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $25,750  ;  1  college 
29  students,  3  acad.  249  students.  Pop.  whites 
4,214,  slaves  4,165,  free  col'd  43  ;  total,  8,422. 

Twinsburg,  p-t.,  Summit  co.,  O.,  142  n.  e. 
Columbus,  300  W.  Named  from  twin  brothers, 
who  first  settled  here  in  1827.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Drained  by  Tinker's  cr.,  which  affords  water 
power,  and  flows  into  Cuyahoga  r.  The  v.  con- 
tains 2  churches,  2  stores,  and  several  mills  and 
mechanic  shops.  There  are  in  the  t.  1  acad.  70 
students,  8  sch.  205  scholars.    Pop.  1,039. 

Twin,  t,  Darke  co.,  O.  Situated  in  the  s.  w. 
corner  of  the  co.    Pop.  1,030. 

Twin,  t.,  Ross  co.,  O.    Pop.  2,195. 

Twin,  t.,  Preble  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,675. 

Twitchell's  Mills,  p-o.,  Pope  co.,  El.,  223 
s.  s.  e.  Springfield,  791  W.    Situated  on  Big  cr. 

Two  Taverns,  p-o.,  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  40  s.  w. 
Harrisburg,  80  W. 

Twymans  Store,  p-o.,  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va., 
81  n.  Richmond,  93  W. 

Tye  River  Warehouse,  p-o.,  Nelson  co.,  Va., 
100  w.  Richmond,  166  W. 

Tyler,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  N.  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  855  sq.  ms.  Ohio  r. 
bounds  it  on  the  n.  w.  Drained  by  Fishing  and 
Middle  Island  creeks,  which  flow  w.  into  Ohio  r. 
The  surface  is  very  uneven  and  rough;  soil, 
strong  and  productive.     Capital,  Middlebourn. 


ULS 


G63 


ULS 


There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,265,  sheep 
11,647,  swine  12,854;  wheat  52,730  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  1,375,  Ind.  corn  223,079,  oats  57,535, 
potatoes  34,540,  tobacco  1,116  pounds,  sugar 
46,995;  13  stores,  cap.  $29,100;  3  tanneries,  1 
distillery,  1  pottery,  1  flouring  m.,  14  grist  m.,  18 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $41,530.  13  sch.  416 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,854,  slaves  85,  free  col'd 
5 ;  total,  6,954. 

Tyler,  p-o.,  Winnebago  co.,  111. 

Tyler,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  O. 

Tylersville,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  111. 

Tylersville,  p-o.,  Caddo  par.,  La. 

Tyler,  p-o.,  Eaton  co.,  Mich. 

Tymochtee,  cr.,  O.,  a  considerable  w.  branch 
falling  into  Sandusky  r.,  8  ms.  below  Upper  San- 
dusky. 

Tymochtee,  p-t.,  Crawford  co.,  O.,  73  n.  Co- 
lumbus, 430  W.  Watered  by  tributaries  of  San- 
dusky r.     It  has  8  sch.  642  scholars.     Pop.  1,625. 

Tyngsborough,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  8 
N.  w.  Lowell,  28  n.  w.  Boston,  440  W.  Merri- 
mac  r.  flows  through  it  from  n.  w.  to  s.  E.  The 
v.  is  situated  on  the  s.  w.  side  of  Merrimac  r.,  and 
contains  a  Congregational  church  and  grammar 
school.  Incorporated  in  1789.  Granite  is  quar- 
ried on  the  banks  of  the  r.,  and  exported  from 
this  t.  and  Chelmsford  adjoining.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $2,000 ;  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  7  sch.  277 
scholars.     Pop.  870. 

Tyre,  p-t.,  Seneca  co.,  N.  Y.,  171  w.  Albany, 
347  W.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  sandy  and 
calcareous  loam.  Drained  by  Clyde  r.,  flowing 
into  Seneca  r.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $2,500 ;  1  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,000.  6  sch. 
391  scholars.     Pop.  1,506. 

Tyree  Springs,  p-o.,  Sumner  co.,  Tenn.,  20 
N.  E.  Nashville,  699  W. 

Tyringham,  p-t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  130  w. 
Boston,  369  W.  Watered  by  branches  of  Housa- 
tonic  r.,  one  of  which  flows  from  a  pond  in  its  s. 
E.  part.  It  contains  a  Congregational,  a  Baptist, 
and  a  Methodist  church,  and  a  society  of  Shakers. 
It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $9,400 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tan- 
nery, 1  paper  fac,  2  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $53,750.  15  sch.  407  scholars.  Pop. 
1,477. 

Tyringham  South,  p-o.,  Tyringham  t.,  Berk- 
shire co.,  Mass.,  125  w.  Boston,  364  W. 

Tyrone,  p-t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  202  w.  by  s. 
Albany,  310  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  clay 
and  calcareous  loam,  adapted  to  grain.  Drained 
by  Mud  cr.  The  v.  contains  1  Presbyterian  and 
1  Methodist  church,  6  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  tannery, 


51)  dwellings,  and  about  250  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.  6  stores,  cap.  $21,000;  2  fulling  m., 
3  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $5,300.     12  sch.  680  scholars.     Pop.  2,122. 

Tyrone,  t.,  Fayette  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $6,000 ;  1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,2 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,550.  7  sch.  270 
scholars.     Pop.  1,189. 

Tyrone,  t.,  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  10  n.  e.  Gettys- 
burg. The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  red  shale  and 
gravel.  Bermudian  cr.  runs  on  its  e.,  and  Cone- 
wago  cr.on  its  s.  border.  It  contains  Heidelburg 
v.  There  are  in  the  t.  2  stores,  cap.  $2,200 ;  2 
tanneries,  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $9,950.  6  sch.  210  scholars.  Pop. 
756. 

Tyrone,  t.,  Perry  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is 
mountainous ;  soil,  in  the  valleys,  calcareous 
loam,  with  gravel  and  slate  on  the  hills.  Drain- 
ed by  Sherman's  cr.  and  its  branches.  It  has  9 
stores,  cap.  $33,800 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 

2  furnaces,  5  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  3  potteries, 

3  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac, $44,716.     13  sch.  640  scholars.     Pop.  2,391. 

Tyrone,  t.,  Huntington  co.,  Pa.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $20,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  forges,  3  tanneries, 
1  distillery,  4  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$12,795.     6  sch.  331  scholars.     Pop.  1,226. 

Tyrone,  p-t,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  61  w.  n. 
w.  Detroit,  583  W.  Drained  by  branches  of 
Shiawassee  r.   It  has  3  sch.  87  scholars.  Pop.  394. 

Tyrone,  p-v.,Wilkes  co.,  Ga.,  69  n.  e.  Milledge- 
ville,  579  W. 

Tyson  Furnace,  p-o.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt. 

Tyson's  Store,  p-o.,  Moore  co.,  N.C.,  56  s.  w. 
Raleigh,  344  W. 

Tyrrel,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the  E.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  740  sq.  ms.  Bounded 
on  the  n.  by  Albemarle  sound,  and  e.  by  the  At- 
lantic, along  the  coast  of  which  are  Roanoke  and 
several  other  islands  belonging  to  it.  The  surface 
is  level  and  low,  and  in  some  parts  liable  to  sub- 
mersion. Drained  by  Alligator  r.  and  its  branches, 
which  enters  Albemarle  sound  by  a  broad  estua- 
ry. Capital,  Columbia.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  4,133,  sheep  1,947,  swine  8,540 ;  wheat 
8,083  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  108,641,  oats  2,517, 
potatoes  21,704,  rice  20,335  pounds,  cotton  22,963 ; 
22  stores,  cap.  $42,250 ;  69  tanneries,  16  distiller- 
ies, 6  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,400. 
Pop.  whites  3,160,  slaves  1,411,  free  col'd  86; 
total,  4,675. 

Tywapity,  t.,  Scott  co.,  Mo.  It  has  3  sch.  71 
scholars.    Pop.  1,053. 


u. 


Uchee,  p-v.,  Russell  co.,  Ala.,  194  e.  s.  e.  Tus- 
caloosa, 781  W. 

Uchee  Anna,  p-v.,  capital  of  Walton  co.,  Flor. 
Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  a  branch  of  Choctaw- 
hatchie  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house,  and  about  50 
dwellings.    It  is  surrounded  by  a  fertile  country. 

Udina,  p-o.,  Kane  co.,  111.,  204  n.  n.  e.  Spring- 
field, 757  W. 

Ufaula,  p-v.,  Randolph  co.,  Ga.,  178  s.  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  819  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of 
Chattahoochee  r. 

Uharee,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  N.  C,  112  w.  Ra- 
leigh, 386  W 

Ulricksville,  p-o.,  Mill  t.,  Tuscarawas  co., 
O.,  110  e.  n.  e.  Columbus,  309  W. 

Ulster,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  toward  the 
s.  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,096  sq.  ms. 
The  Shawangunk  and  Cattskill  mountains  cover 
a  considerable  portion  of  its  surface;  soil,  adapted 
to  grazing.    The  valleys  along  its  streams  are 


extensive,  and  very  fertile.  Watered  by  Ron- 
dout,  Wallkill,  Esopus,  and  Shawangunk  creeks, 
which  afford  good  water  power.  Limestone  is 
extensively  found.  The  Delaware  and  Hudson 
canal  terminates  at  Eddyville,  on  Rondout  cr.,  3 
ms.  from  Hudson  r.,  after  having  passed  in  a  n. 
e.  direction  through  the  s.  part  of  the  co.  Capi- 
tal, Kingston.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
38,459,  sheep  50,840,  swine  46,223 ;  wheat  57,877 
bush,  produced,  rye  168,809,  Ind.  corn  161,805, 
buckwheat  108,087,  oats  223,133,  potatoes  264,698, 
sugar  28,945  pounds ;  4  commission  houses,  cap. 
$21,000;  146  stores,  cap.  $463,500 ;  21  lumber 
yards,  cap.  $22.900 ;  1  furnace,  12  forges,  8  full- 
ing m.,  11  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  2,136  sp.,  33 
tanneries,  1  powder  m.,  2  glass  fac,  2  potteries,  2 
flouring  m.,  42  grist  m.,  130  saw  m.,  2  paper  fac, 
3  printing  offices,  3  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $644,519.  1  acad.  35  students,  165  sch. 
8,880  scholars.    Pop.  45,822. 


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I  \I 


Ulster,  p-t.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  US  n.  I>y  c. 
Harrisburg,  252  \V.  The  Susquehanna  r.  hounds 
it  on  the  e.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $10,000 ;  1  grist 
m,6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  nianut'ac.  x9,725.  5  sch. 
205  scholars.     Pop.  1,053. 

Ulster,  v.,  Ulster  co.,  N.  Y.  (See  Saugerties.) 
Ulsterville,p-o.,  Shawangunk  t.,  Ulster  co., 
N.  YM  94  s.  s.  w.  Alhany,  292  W. 

Ultima  Tiiim.k,  p-o.,  Sevier  co.,  Ark.,  1G7  w. 
s.  w.  Little  Rock,  1,232  W.  Situated  on  a  branch 
of  Little  r. 

Ulysses,  t.,  Tompkins  co.,  N.  Y.,  8  w.  w.  Ithaca. 
The  surface  u  undulating  ;  soil,  a  fertile  gravelly 
loam.  Drained  by  small  streams  flowing  into 
Cayuga  lake,  which  bounds  it  on  the  e.  It  has 
15  stores,  cap.  $144,300 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries, 
1  distillery,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $18,993. 
14  sch.  895  scholars.     Pop.  2,976. 

(  i.vsses,  p-t.,  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  183  n.  n.  W.  Har- 
risburg, 293  W.  Pop.  371 

I  mbagog,  lake,  N.  H.  and  Me.  This  lake  lies 
on  the  boundary  between  N.  H.  and  Me.,  and  is 
about  18  ms.  long  and  10  wide,  at  its  greatest 
width.  Its  outlet  constitutes  a  considerable 
branch  of  Androscoggin  r.,  which  it  enters  in 
Errol  t.  It  is  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water,  surround- 
ed by  picturesque  scenery. 

Unadilla,  r.,  rises  in  Oneida  co.,  and  flowing  in 
a  s.  direction,  it  enters  Susquehanna  r.  It  is  about 
50  ms.  long,  and  affords  extensive  water  power. 
Unadilla,  p-t.,  Otsego  co.,  N.  Y.,  94  w.  by  s. 
Albany,  334  W.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  to  a 
degree  broken,  but  has  rich  alluvial  flats.  The 
soil  is  generally  a  fertile  loam,  adapted  to  grass. 
Drained  by  Unadilla  and  Susquehanna  rivers. 
The  v.  is  situated  on  the  N.  side  of  Susquehanna 
r.,  and  contains  an  Episcopal  church,  8  stores,  1 
woollen  fac,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  tobacco  fac, 
100  dwellings,  and  about  500  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.  6  stores,  cap.  $36,000  ;  1  fulling  m., 
1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$18,676.     11  sch.  426  scholars.    Pop.  2,272. 

Unadilla,  p-t.,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  95  w.  N. 
w.  Detroit,  551  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted 
to  grain.  The  v.  is  situated  on  portage  r.,  and 
contains  a  store  and  2  saw  m.  There  in  the  t. 
1  store,  cap.  2,000  ;  2  grist  ra.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $7,000.  4  sch.  135  scholars.  Pop.  643. 
Unadilla  Centre,  p-o.,  Unadilla  t.,  Otsego 
co.,  N.  Y.,  100  w.  by  s.  Albany,  337  W. 

Unadilla  Forks,  p-v.,  Plainfield  t.,  Otsego 
co.,  N.  Y.,  84  w.  by  s.  Albany,  369  VV.  Situated 
at  the  junction  of  the  e.  and  w.  branches  of  Una- 
dilla r.  It  contains  2  churches,  2  stores,  1  flour- 
ing m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  saw  m.,  2  fulling  m.,  a  machine 
shop,  40  dwellings,  and  about  250  inhabitants. 

Uncasville,  p-v.,  Montville  t.,  New  London 
co.,  Ct.,  45  s.  e.  Hartford,  359  W.  Situated  on 
the  Reservation  of  the  Mohegan  Indians,  on  the 
road  from  Norwich  to  New  London,  of  both  of 
which  it  commands  a  view.  It  contains  a  chapel, 
a  school  house,  and  a  house  for  a  teacher.  The 
United  States  contributed  $500  toward  the  erec- 
tion of  the  house,  and  have  allowed  $400  annu- 
ally for  the  support  of  a  teacher.  The  school 
consists  of  about  20  scholars. 

Underhill,  p-t.,  Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  15  n.  e. 
Burlington,  56  n.  w.  Montpelier,  532  W.  The 
surface  is  very  uneven ;  soil,  adapted  to  grazing. 
Drained  by  head  branches  of  Brown  r.  Char- 
tered in  1763,  first  settled  in  1786.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $6,000 ;  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$4,000.    8  sch.  370  scholars.     Pop.  1,441. 

Unika,  mts.,  a  name  given  to  that  portion  of 

the  Alleghany  range  which  separates  Tennessee 

from  N.  C,  and  which  lies  a.  w.  of  Tennessee  r. 

Union,  county,  Pa.    Situated  near  the  centre 


of  the  slate,  and  contains  990  Sq.  ins.     The 
face  ii  hilly  and  mountainous  ;  j-oil,  very  fertile 
Susquehanna  r.  ami  its  w.  branch  bounds  it  on 
the  k.     Drained  by  Buffalo,  Penn'i.  Middle  and 
W.  Mahantaimo  creeks.     Capital,    New    Herlin. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle    14, fi 
18,196,  swine  16,578,  wheal  310,010  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  135,387,  Ind.corn  172,191,  bockwbeal 
24,461,  barley  965,  oats  263,501,  potatoei  103 
tobacco 8,000  pounds  ;  51  stores,  cap.  $232,200  ;  13 
fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  Ewnaoes,  1  bloemaffj, 
21  tanneries,  18  distilleries,  2  brew. tics,  fe   pot- 
teries, 13  flouring  m.,  32  grist  in.,  7f>  saw  in.,  6 
oil  in.,   6  printing  offices,  1  weekly  newspaper. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $224,910.     2  aead.  45  stu<!. 
49  sch.  2,540  scholars.     Pop.  22,787. 

Union,  district,  S.  C.  Situated  in  the  n.,  to- 
ward the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  650 
sq.  ms.  Broad  r.  bounds  it  on  the  e.,  and  Bav 
norec  r.  runs  on  its  s.  w.  border.  Drained  by 
Tyger  and  Pacolet  rivers  and  their  branches. 
Capital,  Unionville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  17,063,  sheep  7,535,  swine  32,215 ;  wheat 
61,661  bush,  produced,  rye  1,578,  Intl.  corn 
757,319,  oats  63,405,  potatoes  23,930,  cotton 
1,612,524  pounds;  25  stores,  cap.  $129,750;  2 
smelting  houses,  producing  gold  to  the  value  of 
$9,375  ;  7  tanneries,  15  distilleries,  5  flouring  ra., 
20  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $22,800. 
6  acad.  240  students,  32  sch.  738  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  10,485,  slaves  8,354,  free  col'd  97  ;  total, 
18,936. 

Union,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  about  600  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Hiawassee  r.  and  its  branches.  The 
surface  is  uneven.  Capital,  Blairsville.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattlo  3,051,  sheep  2,523, 
swine  11,235;  wheat  7,343  bush,  produced,  rye 
2,071,  Ind.  corn  129,340,  oats  8,005,  potatoes 
8,788,  tobacco  6,022;  2  stores,  cap.  $3,750;  1 
tannery,  9  distilleries,  15  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Pop. 
whites  3,065,  slaves  87  ;  total,  3,152. 

Union,  parish,  La.  Situated  in  the  n.  part  of 
the  state,  and  contains  1,200  sq.  ms.  Washita  r. 
bounds  it  on  the  e.  Watered  by  De  Arbonne  r. 
and  its  branches,  and  other  branches  of  Washita  r. 
Capital,  Farmersville.  It  had  in  1840,  6  sch. 
100  scholars.  Pop.  whites  1,273,  slaves  563,  free 
col'd  2  ;  total,  1,838. 

Union,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  450  sq.  ms. 
Bounded  N.  and  w.  by  Ohio  r.,  and  s.  E.  by 
Trade  water  cr.  Drained  by  Highland  cr.  and 
its  branches,  and  by  branches  of  I'radewater  cr. 
Capital,  Morganfield.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  7,059,  sheep  6,302,  swine  26,209 ;  wheat 
33,624  bush,  produced,  rye  2,004,  Ind.  com 
495,595,  oats  58,441,  potatoes  8,388,  tobacco 
612,158  pounds,  cotton  6,156;  28  stores,  cap. 
$115,850 ;  1  woollen  fac,  8  tanneries,  1  distillery, 
2  flouring  m.,  27  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  1  oil  ra. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $30,750.  1  acad.  60  students, 
5  sch.  117  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,90J,  slaves 
1,728,  free  col'd  36  ;  total,  6,673. 

Union,  county,  O.  Situated  a  little  n.  w.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  450  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
!  ed  by  Darby's  cr.,  and  other  small  branches  of 
j  Scioto  r.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  very  fertile. 
Capital,  Marysville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  9,677,  sheep  9,349,  swine  14,844 ;  wheat 
57,972  bush,  produced,  rye  2,911,  Ind.  corn 
289,607,  buckwheat  2,366,  oats  79,680,  potatoes 
18,932,  tobacco  6,361  pounds,  sugar  759,130  ;  20 
stores,  cap.  $31,700 ;  1  fulling  m.,  4  tanneries,  2 
distilleries,  1  flouring  m.,  5  grist  m.,  6  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $19,250.  55  «ch,  1,738  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  8,422. 


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Union,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  e.  toward 
the  s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  16S  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  gently  rolling ;  soil,  fertile.  Drain- 
ed by  the  e.  fork  of  Whitewater  r.  and  its  tribu- 
taries, which  afford  water  power.  Capital,  Lib- 
erty. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,945, 
sheep  14,169,  swine  23,271  ;  wheat  80,890  bush, 
produced,  rye  3,052,  Ind.  corn  512,340,  oats 
136,027,  potatoes  9,312,  sugar  61,364  pounds  ;  20 
stores,  cap.  $43,350  ;  5  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac, 
1  cotton  fac.  125  sp.,  6  tanneries,  10  distilleries, 
6  flouring  m.,  12  grist  m.,  21  saw  m.,  3  oil  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $77,285.  19  sch.  646  scholars. 
Pop.  8,017. 

Union,  county,  111.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  380  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  fertile,  particularly  on  the 
Mississippi,  wThich  runs  on  its  w.  boundary. 
Drained  by  Cash  r.  and  Clear  cr.  Capital, 
Jonesboro'.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
6,620,  sheep  4,769,  swine  22,268;  wheat  26,898 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  310,559,  oats  52,913, 
potatoes  13,708,  tobacco  3,002  pounds,  sugar  7,464 ; 
15  stores,  cap.  $53,400 ;  3  tanneries,  15  distille- 
ries, 1  pottery,  1  flouring  m.,  20  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,509.  1  acad.  30  stu- 
dents, 12  sch.  337  scholars.    Pop.  5,524. 

Union,  county,  Ark.  Situated  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  2,600  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Washita  r.  and  its  branches.  Capital,  Union 
C.  H.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,295, 
sheep  789,  swine  9,099 ;  wheat  1,098  bush,  pro- 
duced, Ind.  corn  111,365,  oats  1,765,  potatoes 
10,021,  cotton  404,599  lbs. ;  6  stores,  cap.  $38,600  ; 
20  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  4  sch.  64  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  1,981,  slaves  906,  free  col'd  2;  total, 
2,839. 

Union,  p-t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  31  s.  E.  Augusta, 
616  W.  The  surface  is  gently  uneven;  soil, 
fertile,  adapted  to  grain.  Drained  by  St.  George 
and  Muscongus  rivers.  Incorporated  in  1786. 
It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $16,300;  3  fulling  m.,  1  paper 
fac,  4  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  m  manufac. 
$23,337.     13  sch.  722  scholars.    Pop.  1,784. 

Union,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  N.  H.,  41  n.  e.  Con- 
cord, 522  W. 

Union,  p-t.,  Tolland  co.,  Ct,  35  n.  e.  Hartford, 
371  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  broken ;  soil, 
loam  and  gravel,  moderately  productive.  Quin- 
nebaug  r.  rises  in  2  ponds  in  this  t.,  and  Masha- 
paug.  one  of  them,  contains  800  acres.  Drained 
by  head  branches  of  Willimantic  r.  It  contains 
1  Congregational  and  1  Methodist  church.  It  has 
3  stores,  cap.  $5,000 ;  2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $8,000.  6  sch.  163  scholars.  Pop. 
669. 

Union,  p-t.,  Broome  co.,  N.  Y.,  146  w.  s.  w.  Al- 
bany, 288  W.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  soil,  a  fer- 
tile gravelly  loam,  adapted  to  grass.  Drained  by 
Nanticoke,  and  other  tributaries  of  Susquehanna 
r.,  which  bounds  it  on  the  s.  The  v.  is  situated 
on  the  n.  side  of  Susquehanna  r.,  and  contains  1 
Presbyterian  church,  7  stores,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.,  1  clothier's  works,  60  dwellings,  and  about 
400 inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  6  stores,  cap. 
$20,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  28 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,000.  1  acad.  65 
students,  23  sch.  981  scholars.    Pop.  3,165. 

Union,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  N.  J.,  6  s.  w.  Newark, 
48  n.  e.  Trenton,  214  W.  The  surface  is  rolling ; 
soil,  red  shale,  well  cultivated.  Watered  by 
Elizabeth  and  Rahway  rivers.  It  contains  the 
v.  of  Union,  or  Connecticut  Farms,  which  has  1 
Presbyterian  church,  2  stores,  and  about  30  dwell- 
ings. 'There  are  in  the  t.  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1 
acad.  18  students,  5  sch.  183  scholars.  Pop. 
1,482. 


Union,  t.,  Gloucester  co.,  N.  J.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $2,300.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $600.  3  sch. 
105  scholars.     Pop.  1,074. 

Union,  t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is  very 
hilly  ;  soil,  sterile  gravel.  Schuylkill  r.  runs  on 
its  N.  boundary.  Drained  by  Mill,  French,  and 
Sixpence  creeks.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $7,568 ;  1 
furnace,  2  forges,  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  2  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,200.  Pop. 
1,272. 

Union,  t,  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  22  s.  e.  Erie.  The 
surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  gravelly  loam,  adapted  to 
grazing.  Drained  by  the  s.  branch  of  French 
cr.  It  has  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $9,000.  6  sch.  140  scholars.  Pop. 
593. 

Union,  t.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  15  s.  Hunting- 
don. It  is  surrounded  by  mountains,  with  Plank 
Cabin  valley  intervening.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$7,800 ;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $3,440.     1  sch.  27  scholars.     Pop.  817. 

Union,  t.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$1,500;  1  fulling  m.,  1  furnace,  1  tannery,  1  dis- 
tillery, 1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$6,975.    2  sch.  60  scholars.    Pop.  1,029. 

Union,  t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is 
very  uneven ;  but  much  of  it  is  capable  of  culti- 
vation. Drained  by  Hemlock,  Shickshinny,  and 
Huntington  creeks.  The  North  Branch  canal 
passes  through  the  t.     It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,000 ; 

2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,750 
8  sch.  235  scholars.      Pop.  1,242. 

Union,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  dis- 
tillery, 2  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  1  sch. 
100  scholars.     Pop.  858. 

Union,  t.,  Mifflin  co.,  Pa.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$11,500;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery, 

3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,405. 
8  sch.  260  scholars.     Pop.  1,221. 

Union,  t.,  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.  It  has  3  flouring 
m.,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $25,000. 
Pop.  906. 

Union,  t.,  Fayette  co.,  Pa.  Drained  by  Red- 
stone cr.  and  its  branches.  Iron  ore  is  abundant. 
It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $8,000 ;  1  furnace,  2  tanneries, 
1  distillery,  7  grist  m.,  14  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $12,782.     9  sch.  405  scholars.     Pop.  2,723. 

Union,  t.,  Union  co.,  Pa.  Bounded  by  Sus- 
quehanna r.  and  its  w.  branch.  The  surface  is 
mountainous ;  soil,  calcareous  loam.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $2,000  ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  dis- 
tilleries, 1  pottery,  4  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  2  oil  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,200.     Pop.  1,630. 

Union,  p-v.,  capital  of  Monroe  co.,  Va.,  229 
w.  Richmond,  266  W.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  1  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist  church,  4 
stores,  2  tanneries,  and  about  600  inhabitants. 

Union,  p-v.,  Randolph  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  O., 
12  n.  w.  Dayton,  75  w.  by  s.  Columbus.  It  con- 
tains 2  stores,  several  mechanic  shops,  35  dwell- 
ings, and  about  200  inhabitants.  Within  half  a 
m.  are  4  grist  m.,  1  carding  machine,  and  3  gun- 
smiths' shops. 

Union,  t.,  Allen  co.,  O.  It  has  2  sch.  35  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  669. 

Union,  t.,  Belmont  co.,  O.  The  soil  is  very 
fertile.  Drained  by  Stillwater  cr.,  which  affords 
water  power.  The  national  road  runs  e.  and  w. 
through  this  t.  It  has  5  sch.  134  scholars.  Pop. 
2,126. 

Union,  t.,  Brown  co.,  O.  It  contains  Ripley 
and  Levana  villages.  Bounded  s.  w.  by  Ohio  r. 
Watered  by  Red  Oak  and  Eagle  creeks.  It  has 
1  college,  22  students,  1  acad.  45  students,  4  sch. 
190  scholars.    Pop.  3,316. 

Union,  t.,  Butler  co.,  O.  It  has  3  sch.  98  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  1,828. 


UNI 


671 


[JNI 


Union,  t.,  Carroll  co.,  Q.     Pop.  8fJ. 

Union,  t.,  Champaign  co.,  O.  It  has  2  si-h.  49 
scholars.     Pop.  1,249. 

Union,  t.,  Clermont  co.,  O.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $4,800 ;  1  disiillery,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  rnanufac.  §9,575.  3  sch.  115  scholars. 
Pop.  1,123. 

Union,  t.,  Clinton  co.,  O.  It  has  8  stores,  cap. 
$14,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  3  tanneries, 

1  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  G  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  2 
printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
niaimi'ac.  $23,250.  15  sch.  1,218  scholars.  Pop. 
3,281. 

Union,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  O.  It  has  7  sch.  216 
scholars.     Pop.  637. 

Union,  t.,  Highland  co.,  O.  It  has  5  sch.  128 
scholars.     Pop.  1,089. 

Union,  t.,  Knox  co.,  O.  Mohiccan  river  runs 
through  its  e.  part.  It  has  5  sch.  337  scholars. 
Pop.  1,098. 

Union,  t.,  La  Fayette  co.,  O.  It  has  11  stores, 
cap.  $33,845 ;  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  1  weekly  news- 
paper. Cap.  in  manufae.  $6,300.  13  sch.  400 
scholars.    Pop.  1,945. 

Union,  t.,  Lawrence  co.,  O.  It  has  6  sch.  182 
scholars.    Pop.  1,034. 

Union,  t.,  Licking  co.,  O.  It  has  10  sch.  485 
scholars.     Pop.  1,637. 

Union,  t.,  Logan  co.,  O.  It  has  3  sch.  182 
scholars.     Pop.  832. 

Union,  t.,  Madison  co.,  O.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $11,900.   1  fulling  m.,  2  potteries,  2  grist  m., 

2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufae.  $2,725.  12  sch.  245 
scholars.    Pop.  1,350. 

Union,  t,  Mercer  co.,  O.  It  has  1  sch.  25 
scholars.     Pop.  566. 

Union,  t.,  Miami  co.,  O.  It  has  7  sch.  397 
scholars.    Pop.  1,967. 

Union,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,356. 

Union,  t.,  Morgan  co.,  O.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$2,500;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufae.  $4,300.  9  sch.  290  scholars  Pop. 
1,328. 

Union,  t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.  It  has  4  church- 
es. The  v.  contains  an  academy  and  151  inhab- 
itants. There  are  in  the  t.  1  college,  40  students, 
2  sch.  58  scholars.     Pop.  1,625. 

Union,  t.,  Putnam  co.,  O.    Pop.  401. 

Union,  t.,  Scioto  co.,  O.  The  surface  is  hilly ; 
soil,  generally  fertile.  Drained  by  Little  Scioto 
r.,  flowing  into  Ohio  r.  It  has  2  sch.  52  scholars. 
Pop.  575. 

Union,  t.,  Tuscarawas  co.,  O.  It  contains 
Rockford  v.,  and  has  5  sch.  411  scholars.  Pop. 
945. 

Union,  t.,  Ross  co.,  O.    Pop.  2,632. 

Union,  t.,  Union  co.,  O.  It  contains  Milford 
v.,  and  has  1  Unitarian  and  1  Presbyterian 
church.  It  has  5  sch.  152  scholars.  Population 
694. 

Union,  t.,  Warren  co.,  O.  It  contains  Deer- 
field  v.,  and  several  others.  It  has  7  sch.  435 
scholars.     Pop.  1,617. 

Union, _p-v.,  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  73  n.  by  E.  Frank 
fort,  507  W.     It  contains  about  50  inhabitants. 

Union,  p-v.,  Talbot  co.,  Ga.,  68  w.  s.  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  724  W. 

Union,  t,  Branch  co.,  Mich.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile, adapted  to  grain.  It  has  2  stores,  capital 
$12,000 ;  2  flouring  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fae. $50,100.  5  sch.  80  scholars.  Population 
507.  _ 

Union,  p-v.,  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  160  w.  s.  w.  De- 
troit, 605  W.  M 

Union,  p-o.,  Rock  co.,  Wis.,  20  8.  E.  Madison, 
827  W. 


Union,  p-v.,  (ircene  <  <>.,  Ala.,  33  s.  |.  w.  Tus- 
caloosa, 851  W. 

Union,  p-v.,  Newton  co.,  Miss.,  75  e.  Jackson, 
942  W. 

I  mon,  p-o.,  Gibson  co.,  la. 

Union,  t.,  Grant  co.,  la.  It  has  1  sch.  15  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  593. 

Union,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  la  It  has  1  sch.  25 
scholars.    Pop.  476. 

Union,  t.,  Miami  co.,  la.  It  has  2  stores,  rap. 
$30,600  j  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  3  sch.  58  scholars. 
Pop.  584. 

Union,  t.,  Rush  co.,  la.  It  has  7  sch.  165 
scholars.    Pop.  1,480. 

Union,  t.,  Shelby  co.,  la.  It  has  6  distillories, 
4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufae.  $1,550. 

Union,  t:,  Montgomery  co.,  la.  It  has  4  sch. 
90  scholars.     Pop.  2.913. 

Union,  p-v.,  capital  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  73  e. 
Jefferson  City,  863  W.  Situated  on  Bourbeuse 
cr.,  a  branch  of  Maramec  r.,  7  s.  Missouri  r.  It 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  4  stores,  and  200  in- 
habitants. 

Union,  p-v.,  capital  of  Union  co.,  Ark.,  206  s. 
Little  Rock,  1,251  W.  Situated  on  the  8.  w. 
side  of  Wachita  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
several  stores,  and  about  100  dwellings. 

Union,  t.,  Johnson  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $2,000;  1  grist  m.    Pop.  114. 

Union,  t.,  Greene  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $1,300.    Pop.  526. 

Union,  t.,  Lawrence  co.,  Ark.  It  has  3  sch. 
75  scholars.     Pop.  259. 

Union,  t.,  Marion  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1  store, 
can.  $1,200  ;  1  grist  m.     Pop.  287. 

Union,  t.,  Pope  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1  distillery,  1 
sch.  16  scholars.     Pop.  291. 

Union,  t.,  St.  Francis  co.,  Ark.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $3,500 ;  1  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufae.  $12,000.     Pop.  613. 

Union,  t.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Ark.  Population 
207. 

Union  Bridge,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  67  N.  w. 
Annapolis,  68  W. 

Union  City,  p-v.,  Sherwood  t.,  Branch  co., 
Mich.,  116  w.  s.  w.  Detroit,  572  W.  Situated  on 
St.  Joseph's  r.,  at  the  junction  of  Coldwater  r.,  at 
the  head  of  navigation,  on  the  St.  Joseph.  It  has 
1  store,  several  mechanic  shops,  and  a  number 
of  dwellings,  and  possesses  great  water  power. 

Union  Church,  p-o.,  Jefferson  co.,  Miss. 

Union  Corners,  p-o.,  Sparta  t.,  Livingston 
co.,  N.  Y.,  251  w.  Albany,  343  W. 

Union  Corners,  p-o.,  Northumberland  co., 
Pa.,  76  n.  by  e.  Harrisburg,  186  W. 

Union  District,  p-o.,  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich., 
44  W.Detroit,  520  W. 

Union  Ellery,  p-o.,  Ellery  t.,  Chautauque 
co.,  N.  Y.,  341  w.  by  s.  Albany,  328  W. 

Union  Falls,  p-v.,  Black  Brook  t.,  Clinton 
co.,  N.  Y.,  168  n.  Albany,  543  W.  Situated  on 
the  w.  side  of  Saranac  r.,  which  here  affords 
great  water  power.  It  has  1  store,  2  saw  m.,  1 
extensive  forge,  and  about  20  dwellings. 

Union  Furnace,  p-o.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa. 

Union  Grove,  p-o.,  Prince  George  co.,  Va.,  36 
s.  B.Richmond,  155  W. 

Union  Grove,  p-o.,  Whitesides  co.,  Bl.,  191 
n.  by  w.  Springfield,  854  W. 

Union  Grove,  p-o.,  Newton  co.,  Mo. 

Union  Hall,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  164  w.  8. 
w.  Richmond,  239  W.  It  contains  1  Methodist 
church,  and  on  Pig  r.,  in  the  vicinity,  1  flouring 
m.,  and  a  woollen  and  cotton  fac.  It  has  about 
15  dwellings. 

Union  Hill,  p-o.,  Upson  co.,  Ga.,  71  w.  by  s. 
Milledgeville,  693  W. 


UNI 


672 


UNI 


Union  Iron  Works,  p-o.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  78 
E.  by  n.  Harrisburg,  171  W. 

Union  Level,  p-o.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va.,  103 
s.  w.  Richmond,  217  W. 

Union  Meeting  House,  p-o.,  Baltimore  co., 
Md.,  61  N.  n.  w.  Annapolis,  71  W. 

Union  Mills,  p-v.,  Broadalbin  t.,  Fulton  co., 
N.  Y.,  46  n.  w.  Albany,  420  W.  It  contains  I 
store,  1  paper  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  about  15  dwell- 
ings. 

Union  Mills,  p-v.,  Union  t.,  Erie  co..  Pa., 
249  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  330  W.  Situated  on  a 
branch  of  French  cr. 

Union  Mills,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  65  n.  n. 
w.  Annapolis,  75  W. 

Union  Mills,  p-v.,  Fluvanna  co.,  Va.,  73  w. 
N.  w.  Richmond,  126  W.  Situated  on  the  s. 
side  of  Rivanna  r.,  and  contains  1  Methodist 
church,  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  large 
cotton  fac  1,500  sp.,  and  20  dwellings. 

Union  Point,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Ga. 

Union  Society,  p-o.,  Windham  t.,  Greene  co., 
N.  Y.,  51  s.  w.  Albany,  358  W. 

Union  Springs,  p-v.,  Springport  t.,  Cayuga 
co.,  N.  Y.,  168  w.  by  n.  Albany,  329  W.  Situ- 
ated on  the  E.  side  of  Cayuga  lake,  and  contains 
3  churches,  5  stores,  1  woollen  fac,  1  flouring  m., 
1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  and  about  600  inhabitants. 
It  contains  a  mineral  spring  of  some  celebrity. 

Union  Springs,  p-v.,  Macon  co.,  Ala.,  153  s. 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  824  W.  It  contains  about  75  in- 
habitants. 

Union  Square,  p-o.,  Mexico  t.,  Oswego  co., 
N.  Y.,  152  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  377  W. 

Union  Square,  p-v.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa., 
92  e.  Harrisburg,  162  W. 

UNiontown,  p-b.,  Union  t.,  capital  of  Fayette 
co.,  Pa.,  179  w.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  195  W.  Situ- 
ated on  Redstone  cr.     It  contains  6  churches — 

1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  1  Metho- 
dist Episcopal,  1  Methodist  Protestant,  and  1 
African  Methodist.  It  contains  Madison  College, 
founded  by  the  Methodists  in  1825.  Chartered 
in  1827.  It  has  23  stores,  cap.  $131,200  ;  1  fur- 
nace, 3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  pottery,  3  print- 
ing offices,  3  weekly  newspapers,  2  periodicals, 

2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $63,705. 

1  col.  119  students,  5  sch.  350  scholars.  Pop.  1,710. 

Uniontovvn,  v.,  Lake  t.,  Stark  co.,  O.,  12  n. 
Canton,  128  n.  e.  Columbus.  It  contains  3 
churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Lutheran,  and  1 
Methodist — 3  stores,  various  mechanic  shops,  2 
tanneries,  50  dwellings,  and  about  300  inhabitants. 

Uniontown,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  35  n.  w. 
Baltimore,  65  n.  n.  w.  Annapolis,  72  W.  It  con- 
tains about  100  inhabitants. 

Uniontown,  p-v.,  Perry  co.,  Ala.,  60  s.  s.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  872  W.  Situated  on  the  head  wa- 
ters of  Chilalohee  creek,  and  contains  about  450 
inhabitants. 

Uniontown,  p-v.,  Wheeling  t.,  Belmont  co., 
O.,  6  n.  w.  St.  Clairsville,  114  e.  Columbus,  284 
W.  It  contains  3  stores,  and  a  number  of  me- 
chanic shops. 

Uniontown,  p-o.,  Union  co.,  Ky. 

Union  Vale,  t.,  Dutchess  co.,  N.  Y.  The  sur- 
face is  rolling  and  hilly ;  soil,  clay  loam  and 
gravel.  Drained  by  Fishkill  cr.  It  has  6  stores, 
cap.  $10,050 ;  1  cotton  fac.  544  sp.,  1  flouring  m., 

2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $40,650. 
7  sch.  259  scholars.    Pop.  1,498. 

Union  Vale,  p-o.,  Harrison  co.,  O.,  118  e.  n. 
e.  Columbus,  281  W. 

Union  Village,  p-v.,  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  46  s.  e. 
Montpelier,  496  W. 

Union  Village,  v.,  Warren  co.,  O.,  4  w.  Le- 
banon.   It  is  inhabited  by  Shakers,  who  have  a 


large  church  in  the  centre.  There  are  six  large 
families,  each  with  an  extensive  house,  and  sur- 
rounding out-houses  and  workshops,  delightful  gar- 
dens, and  fine  domestic  animals.  The  entire  v. 
contains  about  500  inhabitants. 

Union  Village,  p-o.,  Lisle  t.,  Broome  co.,  N. 
Y,  137  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  314  W. 

Union  Village,  v.,  Greenwich  t.,  Washington 
co.,  N.  Y.  Pleasantly  situated  on  both  sides  of 
Battenkill  r.,  and  contains  4  churches — 1  Congre- 
gational, 1  Dutch  Reformed,  1  Baptist,  and  1 
Methodist — an  academy,  1  bank,  11  stores,  1  cot- 
ton fac,  1  woollen  fac,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1 
furnace,  1  carriage  fac,  160  dwellings,  and  about 
1,300  inhabitants. 

Union  Village,  p-v.,  Northumberland  co.,Va., 
88  e.  n.  e.  Richmond,  147  W. 

Unionville,  p-v.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  25  w. 
Boston,  420  W.  Situated  on  Concord  river,  and 
contains  a  Congregational  church,  1  cotton  fac, 
and  2  paper  mills. 

Unionville,  p-v.,  Hartford  co.,  Ct.,  10  w. 
Hartford,  334- W. 

Unionville,  p-v.,  Minisinkt.,  Orange  co.,  N.Y., 
1 19  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  264  W.  It  contains  1  church, 
3  stores,  30  dwellings,  and  about  150  inhabitants. 

Unionville,  p-v.,  East  Marlborough  t.,  Ches- 
ter co.,  Pa.,  74  E.  s.  E.  Harrisburg,  118  W.  It 
contains  2  stores,  and  about  20  dwellings. 

Unionville,  p-v.,  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  67  n.  w. 
Annapolis,  58  W. 

Unionville,  p-v.,  Union  dist.,  S.  C,  70  n.  w. 
Columbia,  464  W.  Situated  on  a  small  branch 
of  Tyger  r. 

Unionville,  p-v.,  Monroe  co.,  Ga.,  63  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  670  W. 

Unionville,  p-v.,  Bedford  co.,  Tenn.,  46  s.  s. 
E.  Nashville,  695  W. 

Unionville,  p-v.,  Madison  t.,  Lake  co.,  O.,  192 
N.  e.  Columbus,  347  W.  It  contains  1  Presbyte- 
rian and  1  Methodist  church,  and  6  stores.  It 
has  large  iron-works  in  the  vicinity. 

Unionville,  p-v.,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  75  s. 
w.  Detroit,  504  W. 

Unison,  p-v.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  133  n.  e.  Har- 
risburg, 242  W. 

Unison,  p-v.,  Loudon  co.,  Va.,  137  n.  Rich- 
mond, 52  W. 

Unison,  p-o.,  Delaware  co.,  O.,  34  n.  Colum- 
bus, 418  W. 

Unitia,  p-o.,  Blount  co.,  Tenn.,  178  E.  s.  e. 
Nashville,  523  W. 

Unity,  p-t.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  34  n.  e.  Augusta, 
629  W.  Drained  by  a  branch  of  Sebasticook  r. 
The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain.  Incorporated 
in  1804.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $5,700 ;  2  fulling  m., 
2  tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $29,750.     13  sch.  584  scholars.     Pop.  1,457. 

Unity,  p-t.,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  H.,  45  w.  by  n. 
Concord,  471  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil, 
well  adapted  to  grazing.  Drained  by  Little  Su- 
gar and  Beaver  Meadow  rivers.  Cold  pond,  on 
its  s.  border,  gives  rise  to  Cold  river,  first  set- 
tled in  1769.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $5,000 ;  1  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.  1  acad.  85  students,  11  sch.  452 
scholars.    Pop.  1,238. 

Unity,  t.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  7  e.  Greens- 
burg.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  calcareous 
loam  and  gravel.  Drained  by  Crabtree  and  Big 
Sewickly  crs.,  and  Nine  Mile  run.  It  has  3  tan- 
neries, 4  distilleries,  4  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $17,000.  11  sch.  425  scholars.  Pop. 
3,003. 

Unity,  p-o.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  254  n.  w.  Har- 
risburg, 320  W. 

Unity,  p-v.,  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  58  w.  n. 
w.  Annapolis,  27  W. 


UPP 


073 


UPP 


Unity,  {>-v.,  Cabarrus  co.,  N.  C,  153  w.  i.  w, 
Raleigh,  393  W. 

Unity,  p-t,  Columbiana  co.,  ().,  ICt  n.  k.  by 
k.  Columbus,  2"7  W.  It  contains  the  villages 
of  Sprucevale,  Palestine,  and  Unity.  The  last 
contains  204  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  3 
sch.  175  scholars.     Pop.  1,8%. 

Unity,  p-v.,  capital  of  Alexander  co.,  111.,  219 
s.  by  B.  Springfield.  853  W.  Situated  on  the  E. 
side  of  Cash  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house,  and 
about  75  inhabitants. 

I  m  i  vvii.i.K.  p-v.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa. 

I M\  kk.sity,  p-o.,  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  87  w.  N. 
w.  Richmond,  122  W.  Situated  1  mile  w.  Char- 
lottesville, at  the  seat  of  the  University  of  Vir- 
ginia.   (See  Charlottesville.) 

Unwattin,  county,  Mich.  Situated  N.  w.  of 
the  centre  of  the  peninsula,  and  contains  576  sq. 
miles.  Drained  by  Maskegon  r.  and  its  branches, 
and  by  branches  of  Manistee  river.  It  is  unor- 
ganized. 

Upatoie,  p-v.,  Muscogee  co.,  Ga.,  133  w.  s.  w. 
Milledgeville,  774  W.  The  creek,  from  which  it 
is  named,  falls  into  Chattahoochee  r.  The  v.  con- 
tains about  100  inhabitants. 

Updegraff's,  p-o.,  Smithfield  t.,  Jefferson  co., 
().,  131  e.  n.  e.  Columbus,  278  W. 

Uphaupe,  p-o.,  Macon  CO.,  Ala.,  139  s.  E.  Tus- 
caloosa, 869  W. 

Upper,  t.,  Cape  May  co.,  N.  J.,  13  n.  e.  Cape 
May  C.  II.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  sand  and 
clay,  timbered  with  oak  and  cedar.  Drained  by 
Tuckahoe  and  Cedar  Swamp  crs.  The  Atlantic 
bounds  it  on  the  s.  E.,  along  which  is  Peck's  and 
Ludlam's  beaches.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $5,500 ; 
1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  5  sch.  219  scholars.  Pop. 
1  217. 

'  Upper,  t.,  Lawrence  co.,  O.  It  lias  8  sch.  255 
scholars.     Pop.  1,180. 

Upper,  t.,  Carroll  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1  distillery, 
1  grist  m.,  1  saw  in.,  1  school  25  scholars.  Pop. 
478. 

Upper,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  1,144. 

Upper  Alton,  p-v.,  Madison  co.,  111.,  79  s.  by 
w.  Springfield,  806  W.  Situated  on  elevated 
ground,  2i  ms.  back  from  Mississippi  river,  and  e. 
of  Alton.  It  contains  3  churches— 1  Presbyterian, 
1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist ;  5  stores,  cap.  $9,000 ; 
1  steam  saw  and  flouring  mill,  320  dwellings,  and 
1,002  inhabitants.  It  was  laid  out  in  1816,  and, 
since  1827,  its  growth  has  been  rapid.     (See 

Upper  Aouebouge.  p-v.,  Riverhead  t.,  Suffolk 
co.,  N.  Y.,  226  s.  s.  e.  Albany,  306  W.  It  con- 
tains a  church,  and  about  20  dwellings. 

Upper  Black  Eddy,  p-o.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  121 
E.  Harrisburg,  186  W 

Upper  Alloways  Creek,  t.,  Salem  co.,  N.  J., 
7  s.  e.  Salem.  The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  in 
the  n.  E.,  stiff  clay  and  loam,  in  the  a.  e.,  sand 
and  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  Alloways  and 
Stow  crs.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $6,050 ;  1  woollen 
fac,  6  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
S29.800.    8  sch.  400  scholars.    Pop.  2,235. 

Upper  Bern,  t,  Berks  co.,  Pa.  Blue  moun- 
tain bounds  it  on  the  n.  and  Schuylkill  r.  on  the 
E.,  by  which,  and  a  branch  of  it,  it  is  drained.  It 
has  a  church  near  the  centre,  common  to  Luther- 
ans and  Presbyterians.  It  has  2  stores,  capital 
$6  500;  3  tanneries,  4  distilleries.  Capital  in 
manufac.  $5,000.    Pop.  2,906. 

Upper  Chichester,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  Fa. 
Watered  by  Hook  and  Naaman's  creeks.  1  he 
surface  is  level ;  soil,  loam.  It  has  a  church  near 
its  s.  boundary.  It  has  1  store,  capital  $1,»00 ;  1 
woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  1  grist  m.  Capital  in 
manufac  $52,250.  Pop.  475. 
85 


I  PPUtco,  p-o.,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  51  n.  by 
w.  Annapous,  6]  w. 

I  'it i-:;:  D\kbv,  t.,  Delaware  do.,  I*n  .  h  w.  Phil- 
adelphia, 1  is  hilly  ;  soil,  : 
Drained  by  Darby  and  Cobb's  creeks,  which 
afford  water  power.  It  lias  2  stores,  cap.  $5,100 ; 
1  woollen  fac,  2  cotton  fac.  6,000  sp.,  1  tannery, 
4  paper  fac,  1  flourinc  nv,  3  urist  in.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac  $71,600.  I  .-■  li.  395  scholars. 
"op.  1,48<J. 

Upper  Dublin,  p-t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  106 
.  Harrishuri.',  152  W.  The  surface  is  rolling; 
soil,  calcareous  loam.  Drained  by  tributaries  of 
Wissahiccon  cr.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $12,800 ;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $24,250.    Pop.  1,388. 

Upper  1'ukkhoi.d,  t.,  Monmouth  co.,  N.  J.,  15 
8.  w.  Freehold  C.  H.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil, 
clay,  sandy  loam,  and  sand.  In  the  n.  w.  part 
is  fertile  land  ;  the  s.  E.  part  is  covered  with  pine 
forest.  Drained  by  Millstone  r.,  and  by  Toin'B 
and  Crosswick's  creeks,  and  tributaries  of  As- 
sunpink  and  Rancocus  creeks.  It  has  23  stores, 
cap.  $34,250;  7  tanneries,  9  distilleries,  2  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,620.  18  sch. 
1,200  scholars.     Pop.  5,026. 

Upper  Gilmanton,  p-o.,  Gilmanton  t.,  Bel- 
knap co.,  N.  H.,  88  n.  n.  e.  Concord,  503  W. 

Upper  Gloucester,  p-o.,  New  Gloucester  t., 
Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  3'J  s.  w.  Augusta,  569  W. 

Upper  Hanover,  p-t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa., 
35  n.  w.  Philadelphia,  82  E.  Harrisburg,  178  W. 
The  surface  is  very  hilly ;  soil,  red  shale.  Wa- 
tered by  Perkiomen  cr.  and  its  branches.  The 
v.,  called  New  Goshonhoppen,  is  situated  in  the 
forks  of  Perkiomen  cr.  It  has  4  stores,  capital 
$13,500 ;  1  tannery,  7  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  4  oil 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,000.  4  sch.  181  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,467. 

Upper  Hunting  Creek,  p-v.,  Caroline  co., 
Md.,  57  E.  Annapolis,  97  W. 

Upper  Lisle,  p-o.,  Lisle  t.,  Broome  co.,  N.  Y., 
133  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  316  W. 

Upper  Macungy,  t,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.  Drained 
principally  by  Lehigh  cr.  It  has  4  stores,  capital 
$25,900 ;  3  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $14,000.  1  sch.  30  scholars.  Pop. 
1,769. 

Upper  Mahantango,  p-t.,  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa., 
65  N.  E.  Harrisburg,  175  W.  The  surface  is  a 
collection  of  hills;  soil,  red  shale  and  white 
gravel,  and  sterile.  Drained  by  2  branches  of 
Mahantango  cr.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $7,100;  1 
distillery,  8  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.     Pop.  1,291. 

Upper  Mahany,  t,  Northumberland  co.,  Pa. 
It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $7,600 ;  2  tanneries,  2  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $6,575.  4  sch. 
112  scholars.     Pop.  1,131. 

Upper  Makkfielo,  t.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  25  n. 
n.  E.  Philadelphia.  The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil, 
clay  and  sandy  loam.  Pidcock's  cr.  runs  on  its 
N.  boundary.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $8,000 ;  1  flour- 
ing m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$8,050.    4  sch.  238  scholars.    Pop.  1,490. 

Upper  Marlboro',  p-v.,  capital  of  Prince 
George's  co.,  Md.,  23  s.  w.  AnnapoUs,  17  W. 
Situated  a  little  w.  of  Patuxent  r.,  and  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  a  church,  and  about  800  inhabit- 
ants. 

Upper  Middletown,  p-v.,  Middletown  t, 
Middlesex  co.,  Ct.,  12  s.  Hartford,  388  W.  Sit- 
uated on  a  rising  ground,  on  the  w.  side  of  Con- 
necticut'r.,  li  n.  of  Middletown  city,  and  con- 
tains 1  Congregational  and  1  Baptist  church,  and 
*  number  of  dwellings.  . 

Upper  Miihh  ktown,  p-v.,  Manallen  t.,  Fay- 

te  co.,  Pa.,  184  w.  bv  a.  Harrisburg,-  200  W. 


UPP 


674 


UPT 


Situated  in  a  bend  of  Redstone  cr.,  5  n.  Union- 
town.  * 

Upper  Mount  Bethel,  t,  Northampton  co., 
Pa.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $31,500;  1  fulling  m., 
2  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  flouring  m.,  5  grist  m., 
6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $20,970.  1  sch.  22 
scholars.    Pop.  2,643. 

Upper  Merion,  t,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.  The 
surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  calcareous  loam.  Drained 
by  Valley  and  Gulf  creeks,  which  afford  water 
power.  Three  taverns,  on  the  3  points  of  a  tri- 
angle, 3  miles  distant  from  each  other,  called 
Swedesford,  Bird  in  Hand,  and  King  of  Prussia, 
have  existed  here  for  100  years.  It  has  10  stores, 
cap.  $19,800 ;  4  woollen  fac.,'7  flouring  m.,  2  grist 
m.,  6  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac.  $124,120.  1 
acad.  3  students,  6  sch.  506  scholars.    Pop.  2,804. 

Upper  Milford,  t.,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.  The  sur- 
face is  generally  hilly ;  soil,  gravel  and  red  shale, 
moderately  productive.  Drained  by  the  n.  branch 
of  Perkiomen  cr.  and  the  head  waters  of  Upper 
Saucon  cr.  It  contains  1  Lutheran  and  1  Ger- 
man Presbyterian  church,  7  stores,  cap.  $24,300 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  4  distilleries,  2  powder 
m.,  7  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $40,600.     3  sch.  120  scholars.     Pop.  3,081. 

Upper  Nazareth,  t.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa. 
The  surface  is  rolling;  soil,  fertile  gravel  and 
slate.  Drained  by  2  branches  of  Manookisy  cr. 
It  contains  Nazareth  v.  It  has  4  stores,  capital 
$18,000 ;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $3,500 ;  1  fulling 
m.,  1  tannery,  1  brewery,  1  grist  m.  Capital  in 
manufac.  $8,000.  1  acad.  86  students,  3  sch.  95 
scholars.     Pop.  1,118. 

Upper  Oxford,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $4,000 ;  1  woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac. 
1,080  sp.,  1  pottery,  2  paper  fac,  1  flouring  m.,  3 
grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac.  $17,400. 
6  sch.  157  scholars.    Pop.  1,277. 

Upper  Paxton,  t.,  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  22  n. 
Harrisburg.    The  surface  is  partly  mountainous, 

Eartly  gently  uneven  ;  soil,  red  shale.  Drained 
y  Mahantango,  and  Great  and  Little  Wiconisco 
creeks.  Susquehanna  r.  runs  on  its  w.  border. 
It  has  6  stores,  capital  $18,000 ;  2  woollen  fac,  1 
tannery,  1  distillery,  1  pottery,  4  flouring  m.,  1 
grist  m.,  10  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$8,336.    9  sch.  800  scholars.    Pop.  1,814. 

Upper  Penns  Neck,  t,  Salem  co.,  N.  J. 
Bounded  w.  by  Delaware  r.  The  surface  is 
level ;  soil,  light  sandy  loam.  It  contains  1 
Friends  and  1  Methodist  church.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $14,000 ;  2  sch.  95  scholars.    Pop.  1,854. 

Upper  Providence,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  13 
w.  Philadelphia.  The  surface  is  rolling;  soil, 
loam.  Crum  cr.  runs  on  its  e.  and  Ridley  cr.  on 
its  w.  boundary.  It  has  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  2 
sch.  75  scholars.     Pop.  780. 

Upper  Providence,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa. 
The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  red  shale  and  gravelly 
loam.  Schuylkill  r.  runs  on  its  s.  w.  boundary. 
Drained  by  Perkiomen  and  Mingo  creeks.  It 
has  6  stores,  cap.  $11,300  ;  1  tannery,  2  flouring 
m.,  5  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufactures 
$28,398.     1  academy.     Pop.  2,244. 

Upper  Red  Hook,  p-v.,  Redhook  t.,  Dutchess 
co.,  N.  Y.,  46  s.  Albany,  324  W.  It  is  called 
Tivoli.  Situated  on  the  e.  bank  of  Hudson  r., 
and  contains  2  churches.,  3  stores,  2  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.)  1  cloth  fac,  50  dwellings,  and  about  300 
inhabitants.  A  steam  ferry  boat  here  crosses 
Hudson  r.to  Saugerties. 

Upper  Sandusky,  p-v.,  Crawford  co.,  O.,  63  n. 
Columbus,  426  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Sandusky  r.,  60  ms.  from  its  mouth.  It  is  the  seat 
of  an  Indian  agency. 

Upper  Salford,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  10 


N.  n.  w.  Norristown.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil, 
red  shale  and  loam.  Drained  by  Perkiomen  and 
Rich  Valley  creeks.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,500 ; 
1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  potteries,  6  grist  m.,  7 
saw  m.,  7  oil  m.  Capital  in  manufac.  $3,600 ;  6 
sch.  275  scholars.    Pop.  1,301. 

Upper  Saucon,  t.,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  6  s.  e. 
Northampton.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
mountains  and  valleys ;  soil,  in  the  valleys,  cal- 
careous loam.  Drained  by  Saucon  cr.,  a  branch 
of  Lehigh  r.  A  v.  near  the  s.  E.  boundary  con- 
tains a  church,  and  there  is  another  church  in  the 
N.  e.  part.  Iron  ore  is  found  in  South  mountain, 
which  occupies  its  n.  part.  It  has  7  stores,  cap. 
$24,500 ;  2  tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.,  1  oil 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,650.  4  sch.  130  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  2,072. 

Upper  St.  Clair,  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.  The 
surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  loam.  Drained  by  Char- 
tier's  cr.  It  has  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2 
tanneries,  1  distillery,  4  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  5 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $23,700.  1  acad.  12 
students,  11  sch.  360  scholars.    Pop.  2,302. 

UrpER  Stillwater,  p-v.,  Orono  t.,  Penob- 
scot co.,  Me.  The  falls  in  the  Penobscot  r.  here 
afford  great  water  power. 

Upper  Strasburgh,  p-v.,  Letterkenny  t., 
Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  10  n.  w.  Chambersburg,  51  w. 
s.  w.  Harrisburg,  99  W.  Situated  in  a  fork  oS 
Hevren's  branch  of  Conedogwinit  cr. 

Upper  Swatara,  t.,  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.  The 
surface  is  various ;  soil,  gravelly.  Drained  by 
Swatara  cr.  It  has  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1 
distillery,  1  brewery,  1  pottery,  3  flouring  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,725.    Pop.  1,205. 

Upper  Tract,  p-o.,  Pendleton  co.,  Va.,  182 
N.  w.  by  w.  Richmond,  182  W. 

Upfer  Tulpehocken,  t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.  The 
surface  is  diversified ;  soil,  a  productive  calcare- 
ous loam  and  gravel.  Drained  by  Northkill  and 
Little  Northkill  creeks,  tributaries  of  Tulpehock- 
en creek.  The  Union  canal  follows  the  latter 
stream  along  the  s.  boundary  of  the  t.  It  con- 
tains a  church,  common  to  Presbyterians  and 
Lutherans.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $22,000 ;  1  wool- 
len fac,  1  forge,  2  tanneries,  1  pottery,  5  flour- 
ing m.,  6  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac 
$6,820.     Pop.  2,941. 

Upper  Tygart,  p-o.,  Carter  co.,  Ky.  109  e. 
Frankfort,  451  W. 

Upperville,  p-v.,  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  129  n. 
by  w.  Richmond,  55  W.  It  contains  4  churches 
— 1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  1  Episcopal,  and  1  free 
to  all  denominations — an  academy,  3  stores,  64 
dwellings,  and  about  350  inhabitants. 

Upper  Yarmouth,  p-\.,  North  Yarmouth  t., 
Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  47  s.  w.  Augusta,  562  W. 

Upson,  county,  Ga.  Situated  a  little  s.  w.  of 
the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  225  sq.  ms. 
Flint  r.  runs  on  its  s.  w.  border,  by  branches  of 
which  it  is  drained.  Capital,  Thomaston.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,595,  sheep  1,791, 
swine  17,846  ;  wheat  29,333  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  221,340,  oats  10,058,  potatoes  8,139,  cotton 
6,477,334  pounds  ;  12  stores,  cap.  $62,170  ;  2  cot- 
ton fac.  1,720  sp.,  7  distilleries,  4  flouring  m.,  12 
grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $101,635. 
6  acad.  303  students,  7  sch.  171  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  5,536,  slaves  3,868,  free  col'd  4;  total, 
9,408. 

Upsonville,  p-v.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  180 
n.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  293  W. 

Upton,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  35  w.  s.  w. 
Boston,  410  W.  The  surface  is  various;  soil, 
generally  fertile.  Drained  by  West  r.,  a  tribu- 
tary of  Blackstone  r.  Incorporated  in  1735.  The 
v.  contains  a  Congregational  church,  and  about 


VAL 


r>7.ri 


VAL 


50  dwellings.  Tlio  t.  contains  also  a  Baptist 
and  an  Episcopal  church.  It  has  3  stores,  cup. 
$12,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  lac,  3  erist  m., 
6  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  137,900.  Top.  1,466. 

Upton,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  60  w.  s  w. 
Harrisburg,  83  W. 

Urbanna,  p-t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  211  w.  by 
8.  Albany,  307  VV.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil, 
clay  loam,  and  generally  fertile.  Watered  l>\ 
the  s.  portion  of  Crooked  lake,  and  by  smail 
streams  flowing  into  it.  It  contains  a  convenient 
landing  place,  at  the  s.  end  of  the  lake.  It  has 
9  stores,  cap.  $32,500 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
far.,  2  tanneries,  1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  7  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $12,450.  2  acad.  60  stu- 
dents, 13  sch.  650  scholars.    Pop.  1,884. 

Urbanna,  p-v.  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  76  n.  w. 
Annapolis,  36  W. 

Ik  banna,  p-v.,  capital  of  Middlesex  co.,  Va., 
84  E.  by  n.  Richmond,  146  VV.  Situated  on  the 
s.  w.  side  of  Rappahannock  r.,  near  the  mouth  of 
Urbanna  cr.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  4 
stores,  10  dwellings,  and  about  175  inhabitants. 

Urbanna,  p-t.,  capital  of  Champaign  co.,  O., 
46  w.  bv  n.  Columbus,  439  W.  The  v.  contains 
a  court  house,  jail,  a  market  house,  a  Methodist 
church,  9  stores,  and  1,070.  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.  10  stores,  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
2  tanneries,  1  printing  office.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$1,000.    Pop.  1,336. 

Urbanna,  p-v.,  capital  of  Champaign  co.,  111., 
92  e.  n.  e.  Springfield,  691  W.  Situated  on  the 
s.  side  of  the  Salt  ibrk  of  Vermilion  r.,  and  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  and  about  30  dwellings. 

Ursa,  p-o.,  Adams  co.,  111.,  10  n.  Quincy,  114 
w.  Springfield,  894  VV.  Situated  in  Bear  Creek 
settlement. 

Utica,  city,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  is  on  the  s.  side 
of  the  Mohawk  r.,  in  43°  10'  n.  lat.,  74°  13'  w.  Ion., 
92  w.  by  N.  Albanv,  140  Rochester,  202  Buffalo, 
76  Oswego,  3H8  W.  Pop.  1820,  2,972;  1830, 
8,323 ;  1840,  12,782.  The  city  stands  on  a  beau- 
tifully inclined  plane,  rising  s.  from  the  Mohawk, 
the  highest  parts  of  which  present  fine  prospects. 
The  buildings,  most  of  which  are  of  brick,  are 
good,  and  many  of  them  splendid.  The  streets 
are  neat  and  spacious,  many  of  them  100  feet 
wide.  It  has  18  churches— 3  Presbyterian,  1 
Dutch  Reformed,  2  Episcopal,  4  Baptist,  3  Meth- 
odist, 2  Roman  Catholic,  1  Universalist,  1  Afri- 
can, and  1  Friends  meeting  house.  There  is  also 
an  Exchange  building.  Besides  numerous  chari- 
table institutions,  there  are  in  the  city  the  County 
Medical  Society,  2  incorporated  academies,  one 
for  males  and  the  other  for  females,  a  museum, 
the  Utica  Library,  the  Mechanics'  Association, 
which  supports  popular  lectures,  and  the  Ap- 
prentices' Library.  There  are  4  banks,  with  an 
aggregate  capital  of  $900,000,  besides  a  bank  for 
savings,  and  an  insurance  company,  with  a  cap- 
ital of  $200,000,  and  a  mutual  insurance  compa- 
ny. The  State  Lunatic  Asylum  is  located  here, 
about  a  mile  w.  of  the  centre  of  the  city.  The 
Erie  canal,  here  widened  to  70  feet,  and  7  feet 
deep,  passes  through  the  central  part  of  the  city, 
and  is  crossed  by  a  number  of  elevated  and  ele- 
gant bridges.  The  Chenango  canal  connects  this 
place  with  Binghamton,  in   Broome  co.    The 


great    Western    railroad    from    Albany    passes 

through  it.  There  an-  also  lint-  roads  in  \arious 
directions,  n.  and  s.,  on  which  numerous  ttacea 
run.  Utica  is  in  the  midst  of  a  rich  and  higldy 
cultivated  country,  and  as  nricht  be  expected, 
possesses  an  extensive  trade.  A  culvert  Ims  been 
completed  within  the  city  fron  tin-  canal  to  the 
river,  at  an  expense  of  $KX>.ooo.  In  IT'.M  there 
were  here  only  3  or  4  poor  houses.  Utica  was 
incorporated  as  a  village  in  17'JM,  and  as  a  <  ity  in 
1830.  There  were  in  1810.  in  the  < -ity  '2 commer- 
cial and  3  commission  houses  in  foreign  trade, 
cap.  $58,000 ;  188  retail  stores,  cap.  $1,678^95  \  3 
lumber  yards,  cap.  $41,000;  5  furnaces,  cap. 
$59,000;  value  of  machinery  manufactured 
$166,555  ;  6  tanneries,  cap.  $103,000  ;  2  brew- 
eries, 1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  paper 
fac.,  6  printing  offices,  6  weekly  newspapers,  61 
brick  and  stone,  and  30  wooden  houses,  cost 
$'253,000.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $496,130.  10  acad. 
670  students,  36  sch.  981  scholars. 

Utica,  p-o.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  218  w.  N.  w. 
Harrisburg,  292  VV. 

Utica,  p-v.,  Washington  t.,  Licking  co.,  O.,  51 
K.  by  n.  Columbus,  372  VV.  It  contains  3  stores, 
50  dwellings,  and  about  300  inhabitants. 

Utica,  p-v.,  Shelby  t.,  Macomb  eo.,  Mich.,  22 
N.  N.  E.  Detroit,  546  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  bank 
of  Clinton  r.,  and  contains  2  churches — 1  Presby- 
terian and  1  Methodist — an  academy,  4  stores,  1 
flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  1  iron  foundry. 

Utica,  p-v.,  Clarke  co.,  la.,  109  s.  by  E.  In- 
dianapolis, 597  VV.  Situated  on  the  n.  w.  bank 
of  Ohio  r.,  and  contains  3  stores,  and  about  300 
inhabitants. 

Utica,  p-v.,  Hinds  co.,  Miss.,  38  w.  Jackson, 
1,048  VV. 

Utica,  p-v.,  Livingston  co.,  Mo.,  167  n.  w. 
Jefferson  City,  1,059  VV.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Grand  r.,  1  m.  from  the  junction  of  the  E. 
and  w.  forks,  at  the  head  of  steamboat  navigation, 
and  contains  about  100  inhabitants. 

Utica  Mills,  p-o.,  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  84  N. 
w.  Annapolis,  51  W. 

Utoy,  p-o.,  De  Kalb  co.,  Ga.,  103  n.  w.  by  w. 
Milledgeville,  689  VV. 

Uwchland,  p-t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  30  s.  s.  w. 
Philadelphia,  69  e.  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  129  W.  The 
surface  is  a  gentle  declivity ;  soil,  sandy  loam. 
Drained  by  Brandy  wine  cr.,  which  affords  water 
power.  It  has  a  church  near  the  centre ;  3  stores, 
cap.  $16,200;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  forge, 

2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  pottery,  2  paper  fac, 

1  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $27,857.    7  sch.  210  scholars.     Pop.  1,565. 

Uxbridge,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  38  8. 
w.  Boston,  403  W.  Watered  by  Mumford  and 
West  rivers,  which  afford  water  power.  Black- 
stone  r.  and  canal  pass  through  it.  Chartered  in 
1727.  The  v.  at  the  centre  contains  1  Congre- 
gational and  1  Unitarian  church,  and  a  number 
of  dwellings.  The  t.  contains  iron  ore,  and  a  fine 
stone  quarry ;  4  stores,  cap.  $7,200;  12  fulling  m., 
5  woollen  fac,  3  cotton  fac  5,500  sp.,  1  tannery, 

3  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $163,300. 

2  acad.  42  students,  13  sch.  549  scholars.  Pop 
2,004. 

Uxbridge,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  N.  Y. 


V. 


Valatie,  p-v.,  Kinderhook  t.,  Columbia  co., 
N  Y.  20  s.  Albany,  352  W.  Situated  at  the 
junction  of  Valatie  and  Kinderhook  creeks,  2  rns. 
E.  Kinderhook  v.  It  contains  3  churches,  12 
stores,  4  cotton  fac,  employing  400  persons,  1 
machine  shop,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  fulling  m., 


1  plaster  m.,  200  dwellings,  and  about  1,600  in- 
habitants. ,     „V 

Valcour,  Isl.,  N.  Y.  Situated  in  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  a  few  ms.  s.  of  Pittsburgh,  near  the  New 
York  shore,  and  is  2i  ms.  long,  and  half  a  mile 
wide. 


VAN 


670 


VAN 


Vallene,  p-v.,  Orange  co.,  la.,  104  s.  by  w. 
Indianapolis,  635  W. 

Valley,  p-o.,  Mifflin  co.,  Pa.,  66  n.  w.  Harris- 
burg,  158  W. 

Valley  Creek,  p-o.,  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  80  s. 
by  e.  Tuscaloosa,  856  W. 

Valley,  t.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  tannery, 
1  distillery,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $2,940;  3  sch.  93  scholars.  Population, 
633. 

Valley  Forge,  p-v.,  Schuylkill  t.,  Chester 
co.,  Pa.,  20  n.  w.  Philadelphia,  81  E.  by  s.  Har- 
risburg,  159  W.  Situated  at  the  junction  of  Val- 
ley cr.  with  Schuylkill  r.  It  contains  2  stores,  1 
cotton  fac.  2,000  sp.,  1  rolling  m.,  1  gun  fac,  1 
flouring  m.,  30  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabit- 
ants. 

Valley  Head,  p-o.,  De  Kalb  co.,  Ala.,  161  n. 
e.  Tuscaloosa,  656  W. 

Vallonia,  p-v.,  Jackson  co.,  la.,  3  s.  w. 
Brownstown,  75  s.  Indianapolis,  600  W.  It  con- 
tains about  50  inhabitants. 

Vallonia  Springs,  p-o.,  Colesville  t.,  Broome 
co.,  N.  Y.,  114  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  310  W. 

Valparaiso,  p-v.,  capital  of  Porter  co.,  la.,  138 
N.  N.  w.  Indianapolis,  682  W.  Situated  on  Salt 
cr.,  which  flows  into  Lake  Michigan.  It  contains 
a  court  house,  jail,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Valverde,  p-o.,  Macon  co.,  Ala.,  143  s.  E. 
Tuscaloosa,  834  W. 

Van,  p-o.,  Jay  co.,  la.,  94  n.  e.  Indianapolis, 
517  W. 

Van  Buren,  county,  Mich.  Situated  toward 
the  s.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  633  sq. 
ms.  Drained  by  Pawpaw  r.  and  its  branches,  s. 
branch  of  Black  r.,  Dowagiake,  and  Brush  crs. 
The  streams  afford  good  water  power,  and  Paw- 
paw r.  is  boatable  70  ms.  from  its  mouth.  The 
surface  is  level ;  soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Pawpaw. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,125,  sheen  538, 
swine  3,422  ;  wheat  15,640  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  28,587,  oats  16,176,  potatoes  20,832,  sugar 
25,365  pounds ;  4  stores,  cap.  $19,200;  1  tannery, 
2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $36,900. 
23  sch.  516  scholars.     Pop.  1,910. 

Van  Buren,  county,  Iowa.  Situated  in  the 
s.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  504  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Des  Moines  r.  and  its  branches.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Copper,  iron,  and  tin  ore,  and  a 
fine  marble  are  found.  Capital,  Keosauke.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,364,  sheep  2,667, 
swine  15,821;  wheat  8,757  bush,  produced,  Ind. 
corn  151,481,  buckwheat  1,046,  oats  12,174,  po- 
tatoes 18,150,  sugar  6,869  pounds  ;  16  stores,  cap. 
$24,200 ;  1  tannery,  2  potteries,  10  grist  m.,  12 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $31,295.  6  sch.  123 
scholars.     Pop.  6,146. 

Van  Buren,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  648  square  miles. 
Drained  by  Grand  r.  and  Big  creek.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating,  and  two  thirds  of  it  is  prairie  ; 
soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Harrisonville.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  1,726,  sheep  3,332,  swine 
19,573 ;  wheat  1,644  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn 
222,541,  oats  11,000,  potatoes  9,112,  tobacco  8,875 
pounds,  cotton  2,590;  11  stores,  cap.  $39,800 ;  4 
tanneries,  1  flouring  m.,  6  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,310.  13  sch.  298  scholars. 
Pop.  4,693. 

Van  Buren,  county,  Ark.  Situated  a  little  n. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,350  sq. 
ms.  Drained  by  Little  Red  r.  and  its  branches. 
Capital,  Clinton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 2,868,  sheep  520,  swine  9,213 ;  wheat  1,545 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  79,800,  oats  3,257,  po- 
tatoes 2,615,  tobacco  1,220  pounds,  cotton  8,051 ; 
5  stores,  cap.  $4,104 ;  3  distilleries,  7  grist  m.,  4 


sch.  95  scholars.  Pop.  whites  1,459,  slaves  59 ; 
total,  1,518. 

Van  Buren,  p-t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  n. 
w.  Syracuse,  141  w.  by  n.  Albany,  358  W.  The 
surface  is  rolling;  soil,  clay  and  sandy  loam. 
Drained  by  Camp  brook,  flowing  into  Seneca  r., 
which  bounds  it  on  the  N.  It  has  8  stores,  cap 
$30,600 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  1 
flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $115,305.  1  acad.  61  students,  9  sch.  436 
scholars.     Pop.  3,021. 

Van  Buren,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  216  w. 
Harrisburg,  243  W. 

Van  Buren,  p-t.,  Hancock  co.,  O.,  96  n.  n.  w. 
Columbus,  452  W.  The  v.  contains  74  inhabit- 
ants. There  are  in  the  t.  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000.  3  sch.  127  scholars. 
Pop.  402. 

Van  Buren,  t.,  Darke  co.,  O.  It  has  2  sch.  60 
scholars.     Pop.  421. 

Van  Buren,  t.,  Shelby  co.,  O.    Pop.  596. 

Van  Buren,  p-o.,  Callaway  co.,  Ky.,  264  w. 
s.  w.  Frankfort,  791  W. 

Van  Buren,  t,  Wayne  co.,  Mich.  Watered 
by  Huron  r.    It  has  6  sch.  114  scholars.    Pop.  940. 

Van  Buren,  t.,  Brown  co.,  la.     Pop.  417. 

Van  Buren,  t.,  La  Grange  co.,  la.  It  has  2 
distilleries,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $4,375.    2  sch.  75  scholars.     Pop.  284. 

Van  Buren,  p-t.,  Clay  co.,  la.,  61  w.  s.  w.  In- 
dianapolis, 632  W.  It  has  1  distillery.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $900.     1  sch.  18  scholars.     Pop.  538. 

Van  Buren,  p-v.,  Hardiman  co.,  Tenn.,  172  w. 
s.  w.  Nashville,  857  W. 

Van  Buren,  p-v.,  De  Kalb  co.,  Ala.,  135  n.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  682  W. 

Van  Buren,  p-v.,  Itawamba  co.,  Miss.  Sit- 
uated on  the  w.  side  of  Tombigbee  r.,  and  con- 
tains about  100  inhabitants. 

Van  Buren,  p-v.,  capital  of  Ripley  co.,  Mo. 
Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Current  r.  It  contains 
a  court  house,  1  store,  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Van  Buren,  p-v.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa. 

Van  Buren,  p-v.,  capital  of  Crawford  co.,  Ark. 
Situated  on  the  n.  side  of  Arkansas  r.,  and  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  several  stores,  and  about 
500  inhabitants. 

Van  Buren,  t,  Carroll  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1 
grist  m. 

Van  Buren  Centre,  p-o.,  Van  Buren  t.,  Onon- 
daga co.,  N.  Y.,  144  w.  by  n.  Albany,  351  W. 

Van  Buren  Harbor,  p-v.,  Pomfret  t.,  Chau- 
tauque  Co.,  N.  Y.,  5  s.  e.  Dunkirk,  334  w.  by  s. 
Albany,  354  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of  Lake 
Erie,  where  is  a  convenient  steamboat  landing, 
and  a  few  dwellings.  It  is  extensively  and  re- 
gularly laid  out. 

Van  Burenville,  p-o.,  Wallkill  t,  Orange 
co.,  N.  Y.,  107  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  278  W. 

Vanceborougii,  p-v.,  Winnebago  co.,  111. 

Vanceburg,  p-v.,  Lewis  co.,  Ky.,  110  e.  n.  e. 
Frankfort,  466  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  w.  side  of 
Ohio  r.,  at  the  junction  of  Salt  cr.  It  contains 
about  50  inhabitants. 

Vances  Ferry,  p-o.,  Orangeburg  dist.,  S.  C, 
97  s.  Columbia,  535  W. 

Vandalia,  p-v.,  capital  of  Fayette  co.,  111.,  and 
formerly  capital  of  the  state,  is  situated  on  the  w. 
bank  of  Kaskaskia  r.  It  is  regularly  laid  out, 
with  streets  crossing  each  other  at  right  angles. 
There  is  a  public  square  in  the  centre,  and  the 
streets  are  80  feet  wide.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  a  U.  S.  land  office,  2  churches — 1 
Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist — 11  stores,  2  print- 
ing offices,  each  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper,  1 
steam  saw  m.,  1  water  saw  m.,  and  about  800  in- 
habitants. The  national  road  extends  to  this  place. 


VAR 


077 


VRR 


Vandkrburq,  county,  la.    Situated  in  the  s. 

w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  985  iq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  generally  hilly,  with  an  inferior 
soil,  but  near  the  Ohio  r.  the  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Ohio  r.  hounds  it  on  the  b.,  affording  great  com- 
mercial facilities.  Drained  hy  Bit  Pigeon,  Blue 
Grass.  Little,  and  Locust  creeks.  Capita!,  Evana- 
ville.  There  were  in  18-10,  neat  cattle  3,021, 
sheep.  713,  swine  7,330;  wheat  4,225  bush,  pro- 
duced, lnd.  com  105,720,  oats  4,315,  potatoes 
3,541,  sugar  335  pounds ;  1  commission  house, 
cap.  $5,000  ;  40  stores,  cap.  $49,954 ;  1  tannery, 
1  distillery,  1  brewery,  2  flouring  m.,  7  saw  m.,  2 
printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $57,180.  7  sch.  212  scholars.  Pop. 
G,250. 

Vanpermark,  p-o.,  Alfred  t.,  Alleghany  co., 
\.  ,»  ..  258  w.  by  s.  Albany,  328  W. 

Van  Deusenville,  p-v.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass., 
137  w.  Boston,  35  S  W. 

Van  Ettenville,  p-o.,  Cayuta  t.,  Chemung 
co.,  M.  Y.,  183  w.  by  s.  Albany,  284  W. 

Van  Hill,  p-o.,  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn.,  261  e. 
Nashville,  451  W. 

Van  Hooks  Store,  p-o.,  Person  co.,  N.  C,  52 
N.  n.  w.  Raleigh,  255  W. 

Van  Hornsville,  p-o.,  Starks  t,  Herkimer 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  64  n.  w.  Albany,  382  W. 

Vannoy's  Mill,  p-o.,  Pike  co.,  Mo. 

Vanns  Valley,  p-o.,  Floyd  co.,  Ga.,  173  n.  w. 
by  w.  Milledgeville,  6S4  W. 

Van  Rensselaer,  t.,  Ottowa  co.,  O.  It  com- 
prehends the  Bass  islands  in  Lake  Erie,  one  of 
which  has  the  fine  harbor  of  Put  in  Bay.    Pop.  27. 

Van  Sickle's  Store,  p-o.,  Hunterdon  co.,  N. 
J.,  38  N.  N.  w.  Trenton,  198  W.  Situated  on  the 
s.  e.  foot  of  MusconetQong  mountain. 

Van  Wert,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  w. 
toward  the  N.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  432 
sq.  ms.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  varies  from 
rich  bottom  to  a  light  sandy  loam,  and  is  produc- 
tive.    It  is  mostly  covered  with  a  dense  forest 


navvanda  cr.,  and  contains  1  Baptist  and  1  Meth- 
odist church,  1  stores,  1  woollen  lac,  1  -zrist  in., 
2  saw  m.,  1  tannery,  30  dwellings,  and  about  225 
inhabitants. 

Vass.vlborough,  p-t.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  11 
N.  by  k.  Augusta,  606  W.  Bounded  w.  by  Ken- 
nebec r.  The  surface  is  various;  soil,  fertile. 
The  outlets  of  2  large  ponds,  on  its  k.  bolder,  af- 
ford water  power.  There  are  several  other  ponds 
in  the  t.  By  means  of  the  dam  across  Kennebec 
r.  at  Augusta,  and  the  lock  at  that  place,  vessels 
from  the  ocean  come  to  this  place.  Incorporated 
in  1771.  It  has  9  stores,  cap.  $9,200;  2  fulling 
m.,  1  woollen  fac,  6  tanneries,  1  paper  factory,  7 
grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac.  $51,335. 
1  acad.  100  students,  22  sch.  1,164  scholars.  Pop. 
2,952. 

Vauclause,  p-o.,  Wood  co.,  Va. 
Vaugine,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  Ark.   It  has  7  stores, 
cap.  $49,100 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $20,100.     Pop.  1,339. 

Venice,  p-t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y.,  15  s.  Auburn, 
164  w.  Albany,  325  W.  The  surface  is  undula- 
ting ;  soil,  clay  and  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by 
Salmon  cr.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $34,000 ;  1  full- 
ing m.,  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $13,200.  21  sch.  1,089  scholars.  Pop. 
2,105. 
Venice,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Pa. 
Venice,  p-v.,  Erie  co.,  O.,  103  n.  Columbus, 
417  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of  Sandusky  bay 
on  Cold  cr.,  which  rises  in  the  centre  of  Marga- 
retta  t.,  and  has  its  source  from  springs,  some  60 
feet  below  the  surface  of  the  earth,  affording  ex- 
tensive water  power,  not  influenced  by  rain  or 
drought.  It  contains  3  stores,  3  warehouses,  100 
rods  of  wharf,  1  flouring  m.  capable  of  grinding 
1,000  bush,  wheat  daily,  1  saw  m.,  1  lath  fac,  1 
shingle  fac,  50  dwellings,  and  about  400  inhab- 
itants. 

Venice,  t.,  Seneca  co.,  O.    The  soil  is  fertile. 
It  contains  Attica  and  Caroline  villages.    It  has 


Drained  by  St.  Mary's  and  Little  Auglaize  rivers.  5  sch.  255  scholars.  Pop.  1,222 
The  3Iiami  canal  passes  near  its  e.  border,  with- 
out entering  it.  Capital,  Van  Wert.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  1,724,  sheep  335,  swine  3,800 ; 
wheat  3.090  bush,  produced,  lnd.  corn  33,306, 
oats  3,267,  potatoes  5,671,  sugar  3,070  pounds  ;  4 
stores,  cap.  $4,100 ;  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac  $2,100.     Pop.  1,577. 

Van  Wert,  p-v.,  capital  of  Paulding  co.,  Ga., 

133  w.  N.  w.  Milledgeville,  681  W.  It  contains 
a  court  house,  jail,  an  academy,  1  church,  and 
about  125  inhabitants. 

Van  Wert,  p-v.,  capital  of  Van  Wert  co.,  O., 

130  .v.  w.  by  w.  Columbus,  510  W.     Situated  on 

a  branch  of  Little  Auglaize  r.,  and  contains  a 

court  house,  jail,  and  a  number  of  dwellings. 
Varrenes,  p-v.,  Anderson  dist.,  S.  C,  122  w. 

n.  w.  Columbia,  549  W. 

Varick,  p-t.,  Seneca  co.,  N.  Y.,  8  s.  Waterloo, 

186  w.  Albany,  332  W.     It  extends  from  Cayuga 

lake  on  the  e.,  to  Seneca  lake  on  the  w.,  and  the 

surface  is  moderately  elevated  in  the  middle,  and 

declines  to  each  lake.     The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted 

to  grain.     It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $11,000;  11  sch. 

615  scholars.     Pop.  1,971. 

Variety  Mills,  p-o.,  Nelson  co.,  Va.,  103  w. 

by  n.  Richmond,  165  W.    It  contains  1  store,  1 

grist  m.,  1  flouring  m.,  1  tannery,  4  dwellings, 

and  25  inhabitants. 

Varna,  p-v.,  Dryden  t.,  Tompkins  co.,  N.  Y., 

161  w.  by  s.  Albany,  299  W.    Situated  on  Fall 

cr.,  and  contains  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  sash  fac, 

30  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Varysburg,  p-v.,  Sheldon  t.,  Wyoming  co., 

N.  Y.,  264  w.  Albany,  369  W.    Situated  on  To- 


Venice,  p-o.,  Caroline  co.,  Va. 

Venango,  county,  Pa.  Situated  toward  the 
N.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,120  square 
ms.  Drained  by  Alleghany  r.  and  its  branches, 
and  by  Toby's  cr.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil, 
well  adapted  to  grazing.  Organized  in  1805. 
Capital,  Franklin.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 16,070,  sheep  28,775,  swine  24,512;  wheat 
128,486  bush,  produced,  rye  72,068,  Indian  corn 
59,730,  buckwheat  52,114,  oats  214,157,  potatoes 
118,719,  sugar  17,561  lbs.;  43  stores,  cap.  $120,000 ; 
7  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  16  furnaces,  1  forge, 
17  tanneries,  4  distilleries,  3  potteries,  49  grist  m., 
59  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac  $134,755.  1  acad. 
20  students,  35  sch.  949  scholars.    Pop.  17,900. 

Venango,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $4,100;  1  tannery,  1  pottery,  1  flouring  m., 
6  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac  $9,870.    Pop.  1,299. 

Venango,  t,  Erie  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  woollen 
fac,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$3,600.    9  sch.  250  scholars.    Pop.  812. 

Venango,  t.,  Butler  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  store, 
capital  $1,600 ;  1  tannery,  2  grist  ra.,  1  saw  m. 
Capital  in  manufac.  $3,945.  7  sch.  121  scholars 
Pop.  822. 

Verbank,  p-o.,  Union  Vale  t.,  Dutchess  co., 
N.  Y.,  82  s.  by  e.  Albany,  309  W. 

Verdiersville,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  Va.,  88  n. 
w.  Richmond,  82  W. 

Verdon,  p-o.,  Hanover  co.,  Va.,  28  N.  Rich- 
mond, 97  W. 

Vergennes,  city,  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  66  w.  by 
s.  Montpelier,  489  W.    This  is  the  only  city  in 


VER 


678 


VER 


the  state,  and  lies  at  the  head  of  navigation  on 
Otter  Creek  r.,  7  miles  from  its  mouth.  Vessels 
of  300  tons  may  come  to  its  wharf,  and  McDon- 
ough's  squadron,  by  which  the  victory  of  Platts- 
burgh  was  gained,  Sept.  11th,  1814,  was  fitted 
out  here.  Incorporated  as  a  city  in  1788.  Otter 
creek  is  here  500  feet  wide,  and  is  divided  by  an 
island  into  2  channels,  with  a  fall  of  37  feet,  crea- 
ting probably  the  best  water  power  in  the  state. 
The  iron  works  here  are  very  extensive.  Ore  is 
obtained  from  Monkton,  in  the  vicinity.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches — 1  Congregational,  1  Episcopal, 
and  1  Methodist ;  13  stores,  cap.  $110,000  j  2  full- 
ing m.,  1  woollen  fac,  3  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m ,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper. 
Capital  in  manufac.  $3,800.  3  sch.  230  scholars. 
Pop.  1,017.  It  contains  many  neat  dwellings, 
and  has  a  romantic  appearance. 

Vermilion,  bay,  La.  Situated  at  the  mouth 
of  Vermilion  r.,  and  connected  with  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  by  a  strait  called  Grand  Pass.  It  is  con- 
nected on  the  k.  with  Cote  Blanche  bay.  Ver- 
milion bay  has  10  or  12  feet  water,  but  the  bar  at 
its  entrance  has  only  5  feet. 

Vermilion,  river,  La.,  rises  in  the  n.  e.  part 
of  Lafayette  parish,  and  flowing  s.  through  its  e. 
part,  it  enters  Vermilion  bay. 

Vermilion,  river,  O.,  rises  in  the  N.  part  of 
Richland  co.,  and  flows  n.  into  Lake  Erie,  9  ms. 
E.  Huron.  The  United  States  government  has 
improved  the  harbor  at  its  mouth. 

Vermilion,  river,  111.,  rises  in  Livingston  co., 
and  enters  Illinois  r.  in  La  Salle  co.,  at  the  foot 
of  the  rapids.  It  has  rapids  and  falls  in  its  lower 
part,  and  affords  good  water  power.  Bituminous 
coal,  lime,  sand,  and  freestone,  are  found  on  its 
banks. 

Vermilion,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  w. 
part  of  the  state,  is  long  and  narrow,  and  contains 
280  sq.  miles.  Wabash  r.  flows  on  its  E.  border. 
Watered  by  Vermilion  and  Little  Vermilion  rs., 
and  other  small  branches  of  Wabash  river.  The 
surface  is  elevated  and  gently  rolling ;  soil,  fer- 


tile. Capital,  Newport.  There  were  in  1810, 
neat  cattle  7,632,  sheep  6,498,  swine  23,085; 
wheat  51,185  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  508,297, 
oats  83,027,  potatoes  18,629,  rice  29,051  pounds, 
tobacco  890;  22  stores,  cap.  $124,100;  2  tanner- 
ies, 5  distilleries,  4  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  6  saw 
m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $40,825.  13  sch.  426  scholars.  Pop. 
8,274. 

Vermilion,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,000  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  undulating ;  soil,  fertile.  Drained  by 
Big  and  Little  Vermilion  rs.  and  their  branches. 
Capital,  Danville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 13,725,  sheep  16,966,  swine  35,984;  wheat 
69,708  bushels  produced,  rye  6,392,  Indian  corn 
941,810,  potatoes  20,602,  tobacco  5,481  pounds, 
sugar  101,807;  24  stores,  cap.  $89,800;  3  tanner- 
ies, 3  distilleries,  3  potteries,  4  flouring  m.,  15  grist 
m.,  27  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$63,110.     26  sch.  691  scholars.     Pop.  9,303. 

Vermilion,  p-t.,  Erie  co.,  O.,  119  N.Columbus, 
389  W.  Lake  Erie  bounds  it  on  the  n.,  and  Ver- 
milion r.  flows  through  its  n.  e.  part  into  the  lake. 
It  abounds  in  iron  ore,  which  is  extensively 
wrought.  It  has  a  v.  of  the  same  name  at  the 
mouth  of  the  r.  It  has  12  sch.  575  scholars.  Pop. 
1,334. 

Vermilion,  t.,  Richland  co.,  O.  It  contains 
Haysville  v.  It  has  648  scholars  in  schools.  Pop. 
2,402. 

Vermilion,  t.,  Vermilion  co.,  la.  It  has  1  dis- 
tillery. Capital  in  manufac.  $1,050.  2  sch.  55 
scholars.    Pop.  1,540. 

Vermilionville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Lafayette 
par.,  La.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Vermilion  r., 
11  m.  from  it,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  on  a  beau- 
tiful plain.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and 
250  inhabitants. 

Vermilionville,  p-v.,  La  Salle  co.,  111.  Sit- 
uated a  little  n.  e.  of  Vermilion  r.  On  the  r.  is 
abundant  water  power,  and  bituminous  coal  exists 
in  great  quantities  in  the  vicinity. 


VERMONT. 

Vermont,  one  of  the  northern  United  States,  is  bounded  n.  by  Lower  Canada ;  e.  by  New 
Hampshire  ;  s.  by  Massachusetts ;  and  w.  by  New  York,  from  which  it  is  chiefly  separated  by 
Lake  Champlain.  It  lies  between  42°  44'  and.  45°  N.lat.,and  between  71°  38'  and  73°  26'  w.  Ion. 
It  is  157  miles  long  from  N.  to  s.,  and  90  miles  broad  on  the  northern  boundary,  and  40  on  the 
southern,  and  contains  10,212  square  miles,  or  6,535,680  acres.  The  population  in  1790,  was 
85,589;  in  1800,  154,465;  in  1810,217,895;  in  1820,235,764;  in  1830,  280,679;  in  1840,  291,948. 
Of  these  146,378  are  white  males ;  144,840  do.  females ;  364  colored  males ;  366  do.  females. 
Employed  in  agriculture,  73,150;  in  commerce,  1,303;  in  manufactures  and  trades,  13,174;  navi- 
gating the  ocean,  rivers,  &c,  187;  learned  professions,  &c,  1,563. 

The  state  is  divided  into  14  counties,  which,  with  their  population  in  1840,  and  their  capitals, 
were  as  follows :  Addison,  23,583,  Middlebury ;  Bennington,  16,872,  Bennington  and  Manchester; 
Caledonia,  21,891,  Danville ;  Chittenden,  22,977,  Burlington ;  Essex,  4,226,  Guildhall ;  Frank- 
lin, 24,531,  St.  Albans ;  Grand  Isle,  3,883,  North  Hero ;  Lamoille,  10,475,  Hydepark ;  Orange, 
27,873,  Chelsea;  Orleans,  13,634,  Irasburg;  Rutland,  30,699,  Rutland;  Washington,  23,506, 
Montpelier ;  Windham,  27,442,  Newfane ;  Windsor,  40,356,  Windsor  and  Woodstock. 

Montpelier,  on  Winooski  river,  38  miles  e.  s.  e.  from  Burlington,  is  the  capital. 

Vermont  is  a  hilly  or  mountainous  country.  To  the  distance  of  from  5  to  10  miles  e.  of  Lake 
Champlain  the  country  is  moderately  uneven,  and  generally  very  fertile.  A  chain  of  mountains, 
called  the  Green  mountains,  from  which  the  state  takes  its  name,  runs  almost  the  whole  length  of 
the  state,  being  in  the  south  part  from  10  to  15  miles  wide,  with  some  intervening  valleys.  Near 
the  centre  of  the  state  the  range  divides  into  two  parts ;  the  western  continues  n.,  and,  though 
broken,  has  the  highest  summits ;  while  the  eastern  passes  in  a  n.  e.  direction,  in  an  unbroken 
chain.  It  is  a  curious  fact  that  this  immense  barrier  has  a  passage  through  it,  without  even  any 
high  hills.  The  southern  branch  of  Onion  river,  which  flows  into  Lake  Champlain,  has  its  source 
very  near  to  if  not  in  the  same  swamp  with  the  head  of  White  river,  which  flows  into  the  Connec- 


VER 679 VER 

ticut.  The  road  passes  along  these  streams  from  Burlington  through  BfontpeliflS  to  Hartfurd,  Vt., 
without  any  considerable  elevations  or  depressions,  and  is  called  the  valley  road,  presenting  much 
grand  and  beautiful  scenery.  It  passes  near  the  base  of  Camel's  Rump,  one  of  the  highest  peaks 
of  the  Green  mountains.  Before  the  mountain  divides,  Killington  Peak,  3,675  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea,  is  the  highest  summit,  but  there  are  two  higher  summits  after  it  divides,  which  are  in 
the  western  range.  These  are  Camel's  Rump,  on  the  s.  side  of  Onion  river,  which  is  4,188  feet 
high,  and  Mansfield  mountain,  the  highest  of  all,  on  the  n.  side  of  Onion  river,  which  is  4,279  feet 
high.  The  land  in  the  part  of  the  state  e.  of  the  mountain  ridge,  is  more  hilly  than  that  on  the 
western  side. 

The  soil  of  the  state  may  be  regarded  as  fertile,  but  is  generally  better  fitted  for  grazing  than  for 
grain.  Excellent  land  for  wheat  is  found  throughout  the  western  border  of  the  state  near  Lake 
Champlain,  and  summer  wheat  succeeds  well  in  most  parts  of  the  state.  Corn  produces  the  best 
on  the  margin  of  the  streams,  though  it  does  well  in  other  parts.  Even  among  the  Green  moun- 
tains are  fine  grazing  farms.  The  productions  of  the  state  are  wheat,  rye,  Indian  com,  oats,  buck- 
wheat, peas,  and  flax.  The  natural  growth  of  the  soil,  on  the  E.  of  the  mountains,  is  birch,  beech, 
maple,  ash,  elm,  and  butternut ;  and  on  the  w.  the  growth  of  hard  wood  is  intermixed  with  pine 
and  other  evergreens. 

In  1840  there  were  in  this  state,  62,402  horses  and  mules  ;  384,341  neat  cattle  ;  1,681,819  sheep ; 
203,800  swine ;  poultry  to  the  value  of  $131,578.  There  were  produced  495,800  bushels  of  wheat ; 
54,781  of  barley;  2,222,584  of  oats;  230,993  of  rye  ;  228,416  of  buckwheat ;  8,869,751  of  potatoes; 
1,119,678  of  Indian  corn ;  836,739  tons  of  hay ;  29  of  hemp  and  flax ;  4,286  pounds  of  silk  cocoons ; 
3,699,235  of  wool ;  4,647,934  of  sugar;  48,137  of  hops ;  4,660  of  wax.  The  products  of  the  dairy 
amounted  to  $2,008,737 ;  of  the  orchard  to  $213,944 ;  of  lumber  to  $349,939 ;  718  tons  of  pot  and 
pearl  ashes. 

The  exports  consist  of  pot  and  pearl  ashes,  beef,  pork,  butter,  cheese,  flax,  live  cattle,  &c.  The 
trade  e.  of  the  mountains  is  chiefly  to  Boston  and  Hartford ;  and  w.  of  the  mountains  to  New  York 
and  Montreal,  to  wliich  it  has  an  easy  access  through  Lake  Champlain  and  the  Champlain  canal 
to  the  Hudson  river. 

The  climate  is  healthy,  though  the  winters  are  cold.  The  snow  generally  lies  from  December 
to  March,  and  is  often  4  feet  deep  on  the  mountains.  It  is  on  an  average  several  degrees  colder 
on  the  eastern  than  on  the  western  side  of  the  mountains.  Lake  Champlain  is  not  wholly  frozen 
over  until  about  the  1st  of  February. 

The  most  important  rivers  are  on  the  w.  side  of  the  state,  and  flow  into  Lake  Champlain.  They  are 
the  Otter  Creek,  85  miles  long,  and  navigable  for  sloops  6  miles  to  Vergennes ;  Onion  river,  wliich 
is  80  miles  long,  and  enters  the  lake  4  miles  n.  of  the  village  of  Burlington ;  Lamoille,  which  is  70 
miles  long,  and  Missisque,  which  has  about  the  same  length.  Small  boats  may  penetrate  these 
rivers  to  their  lower  falls,  and  they  all  have  sets  of  fine  falls,  which  furnish  excellent  mill  scats. 
The  principal  rivers  on  the  E.  side  of  the  mountains,  which  flow  into  the  Connecticut,  are  Deerfield, 
White,  Black,  and  Pasumsic  rivers. 

Lake  Champlain,  more  than  two  thirds  of  which  is  in  this  state,  is  estimated  to  contain  600 
square  miles.  Lake  Memphremagog  lies  partly  in  this  state  and  partly  in  Canada,  and  is  40 
ms.  long,  and  7  or  8  wide.  Lake  Bombazine  in  Castleton,  and  Salisbury  Pond  in  Salisbury,  are 
considerable  bodies  of  water.  The  islands  of  Lake  Champlain  are  considerably  numerous,  and 
some  of  them  are  large,  fertile,  and  populous,  and,  with  the  peninsula  of  Alburgh,  constitute  Grand 
Isle  county.  The  principal  are  North  Hero,  South  Hero,  and  La  Motte.  There  are  various  har- 
bors on  Lake  Champlain,  the  principal  of  which  are  those  of  St.  Albans,  Burlington,  and  Vergennes. 
Burlington  is  the  largest  and  most  commercial  town  in  the  state.  The  other  principal  towns  are 
Middlebury,  St.  Albans,  Rutland,  and  Bennington  on  the  w.,  Montpelier  in  the  centre,  and  Wind- 
sor, Woodstock,  Danville,  and  Newbury  on  the  e.  side  of  the  mountains. 
The  exports  of  this  state  in  1840,  amounted  to  $305,150 ;  and  the  imports  to  $404,617. 
Vermont  is  an  agricultural,  rather  than  a  commercial  or  manufacturing  state.  There  were  in  the 
state  in  1840, 747  retail  stores,  groceries,  &c,  which  employed  a  capital  of  $2,964,060.  There  was 
employed  in  the  lumber  trade  a  capital  of  $45,506.  The  home-made  or  domestic  manufactures 
amounted  to  $674,548.  There  were  in  the  state  95  woollen  manufactories,  and  239  fulling  mills, 
which  employed  1,450  persons,  and  produced  articles  to  the  amount  of  $1,331,953,  with  a  capital 
of  $1,406,950 ;  there  were  7  cotton  manufactories  with  7,254  spindles,  which  manufactured  articles 
to  the  amount  of  $113,000,  and  employed  a  capital  of  $118,100 ;  26  furnaces  produced  6,743  tons  of 
cast  iron,  and  14  forges  produced  655  tons  of  bar  iron,  employing  788  persons,  and  a  capital  of 
$664,150;  hats  and  caps  were  manufactured  to  the  amount  of  $62,432,  and  straw  bonnets  to  the 
amount  of  $2,819,  employing  126  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $32,875 ;  17  paper  manufactories  pro- 
duced articles  to  the  amount  of  $179,720 ;  all  other  manufactories  of  paper  produced  $35,000,  the 
whole  employing  195  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $216,500  ;  2  glass  houses  employed  70  persons,  pro- 
ducing articles  to  the  amount  of  $55,000,  with  a  capital  of  $35,000 ;  8  potteries  produced  articles  to 


VER 680 VER 

the  amounl  of  $23,000,  with  a  capital  of  $10,350  ;  261  tanneries  employed  509  persons,  with  a  capi- 
tal of  $403,093 ;  399  other  leather  manufactories,  as  saddleries,  &c,  manufactured  articles  to  the 
amount  of  $361,468,  with  a  capital  of  $168,090  ;  granite  and  marble  were  manufactured  to  the 
amount  of  $62,515  ;  bricks  and  lime  were  made  to  the  amount  of  $402,218;  2  distilleries  and  1 
brewery  employed  5  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $8,850 ;  87  persons  produced  machinery  to  the 
amount  of  $101,354  j  33  persons  produced  hardware  and  cutlery  to  the  amount  of  $16,650 ;  437  per- 
sons produced  carriages  and  wagons  to  the  amount  of  $162,097,  with  a  capital  of  $101,570 ;  190 
persons  manufactured  furniture  to  the  amount  of  $83,275,  with  a  capital  of  $49,850  ;  72  stone  or 
brick  houses,  and  468  wooden  houses  were  built  by  912  persons,  and  cost  $344,896  ;  42  persons 
manufactured  1,158  small-arms  ;  vessels  were  built  to  the  amount  of  $72,000;  29  printing  offices, 
14  binderies,  2  daily  newspapers,  26  weekly  do.,  2  semi-weekly  do.,  and  3  periodicals,  employed 
156  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $194,200.  The  total  amount  of  capital  employed  in  manufactures  in 
the  state  was  $4,326,440. 

There  are  three  colleges  in  Vermont.  The  University  of  Vermont,  in  Burlington,  was  founded 
in  1791 ;  Middlebury  College  in  1800 ;  and  Norwich  University  in  1834.  In  these  institutions, 
there  were  in  1840,  233  students.  There  were  in  the  state  46  academies,  with  4,113  students  ; 
and  2,402  primary  and  common  schools,  with  82,817  scholars  ;  and  2,270  persons  over  20  years  of 
age  who  could  neither  read  nor  write. 

The  principal  religious  denominations  are  the  Congregationalists,  the  Baptists,  and  the  Metho- 
dists. In  1836,  the  Congregationalists  had  186  churches,  114  ministers,  and  20,575  communicants  ; 
the  Baptists,  125  churches,  78  ministers,  and  10,525  communicants  ;  the  Methodists  had  75  itiner- 
ant preachers  ;  the  Episcopalians,  1  bishop  and  18  ministers.  Besides  these  there  is  a  considerable 
number  of  Universalists  and  Christians,  and  a  few  Unitarians  and  Roman  Catholics. 

In  September,  1839,  there  were  19  banks,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $1,325,530,  and  a  circula- 
tion of  $1,966,812.    Vermont  has  no  state  debt. 

There  is  a  Penitentiary  located  at  Windsor. 

The  first  constitution  of  this  state  was  formed  in  1777.  JThe  present  constitution  was  adopted 
July  4th,  1793.  The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  the  house  of  representatives,  elected  annually, 
and  every  town  is  entitled  to  one  representative.  The  "  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Ver- 
mont" meet  annually  at  Montpelier  in  October.  The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor, 
lieutenant-govemor,  and  a  council  of  12  persons  chosen  annually  by  the  people.  They  commission 
all  officers,  sit  as  judges  to  consider  and  determine  on  impeachments,  prepare  and  lay  before  the 
general  assembly  such  business  as  appears  to  them  necessary,  and  have  power  to  revise  and  pro- 
pose amendments  to  the  laws  passed  by  the  house  of  representatives.  The  judiciary  power  is 
vested  in  a  supreme  court,  consisting  of  5  judges ;  and  one  judge  of  the  supreme  court,  with  two 
assistant  judges  in  each  county,  constitute  a  county  court.  The  judges  of  the  supreme  and  county 
courts,  judges  of  probate  courts,  sheriffs  and  justices  of  the  peace,  are  elected  annually  by  the 
general  assembly.  A  council  of  censors,  consisting  of  13  persons,  are  chosen  every  7  years, 
who  meet  at  Montpelier  in  June,  to  inquire  whether  the  constitution  has  been  preserved  inviolate, 
whether  the  executive  and  legislative  branches  of  the  government  have  performed  their  duty  as 
guardians  of  the  people,  whether  taxes  have  been  justly  laid  and  collected,  in  what  manner  the 
public  moneys  have  been  disposed  of,  and  whether  the  laws  have  been  duly  executed. 

Every  person  of  21  years  of  age,  who  has  resided  in  the  state  one  year  immediately  previous  to 
the  election  of  representatives,  and  is  of  quiet  and  peaceable  behavior,  has  the  right  of  suffrage. 
The  pay  of  the  councillors  and  representatives  is  $1.50  a  day,  during  the  session,  and  6  cents  a 
mile  for  travel,  going  and  returning.  The  lieutenant-governor  and  speaker  of  the  house  receive 
$2.50  a  day.    The  salary  of  the  governor  is  $750  a  year. 

Several  charters  have  been  granted  by  the  legislature  for  works  of  internal  improvement,  but  it 
is  doubtful  whether  any  of  them  will  soon  be  undertaken.  Several  short  canals  have  been  con- 
structed for  the  improvement  of  the  navigation  of  Connecticut  river. 

The  first  settlement  of  the  state  was  at  Fort  Dummer,  in  the  s.  e.  part  of  the  state,  by  settlers 
from  Massachusetts.  New  Hampshire  claimed  the  territory  from  1741  to  1764,  and  granted 
many  townships  in  the  state  to  proprietors.  New  York  also  claimed  the  territory,  and  obtained 
a  grant  of  it  from  the  British  Parliament  in  1764.  These  conflicting  claims  produced  great  diffi- 
culties. When  the  revolutionary  war  commenced,  Congress  dared  not  admit  Vermont  to  the  con- 
federacy, for  fear  of  offending  New  Hampshire  and  New  York.  But  the  inhabitants  were  de- 
termined to  be  independent,  and  the  British  hoped  to  be  able  to  detach  them  from  the  American 
cause.  Vermont  had  a  difficult  part  to  act.  But  her  wise  leaders  outwitted  the  British,  by 
cherishing  their  hopes,  and  thus  saving  themselves  from  attack ;  and  gave  the  most  demonstrative 
proof  of  their  exalted  courage,  and  their  devoted  patriotism. 

In  1790,  New  York  was  induced,  by  the  payment  of  $30,000,  to  withdraw  its  claims ;  and  in 
1791,  Vermont  was  admitted  into  the  Union. 


VER 


681 


VER 


Vermont,  p-o.,  Gerry  t.,  Chautauque  co.,  N. 
Y.,  335  w.  by  s.  Albany,  325  W. 
Vkrmont,  p-v.,  Fulton  co.,  111. 
Vermont,  p-v.,  Cooper  co.,  Mo. 
Vermontvillk,  p-v.,  Eaton  co.,  Mich.    Situ- 
ated on  the  N.  side  of  Thorn  Apple  r.     It  consists 
of  a  colony  of  about  40  families  of  Vermonters, 
who  have  taken  up  about  10,000  acres  of  land, 
and  are  making  improvements,  with  a  prospect 
of  raising  up  a  flourishing  v.  Pop  of  1. 182. 

Vernal,  p-o.,  Attica  t.,  Wyoming  co.,  N.  Y., 
252  w.  Albany,  370  W. 

Vernon,  p-t.,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  128  s.  Mont- 
pelier,  418  W.  Bounded  e.  by  Connecticut  r., 
by  small  tributaries  of  which  it  is  watered.  The 
surface  is  mountainous  and  rough  ;  soil,  general- 
ly indifferent,  but  in  some  parts  fertile.  White 
Lilly,  a  pond,  covers  100  acres.  Slate  is  found 
in  its  w.  parts.  It  was  one  of  the  earliest  settled 
places  in  the  state,  and  called  Hinsdale,  until 
1802.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $4,000 ;  2  grist  m.,  4 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $3,200.  8  sch.  231 
scholars.     Pop.  705. 

Vernon,  p-t.,  Tolland  co.,  Ct.,  12  e.  n.  e.  Hart- 
ford, 348  W.  The  surface  is  uneven;  soil, 
fravelly  loam,  and  moderately  fertile.  Watered 
y  Hockanum  r.,  flowing  from  Snipsick  pond  at 
its  n.  e.  comer,  which  affords  water  power.  The 
v.  contains  1  Congregational  and  1  Baptist 
church.  There  are  in  the  t.  4  stores,  cap. 
$15,500;  10  fulling  m.,  10  woollen  fac,  4  cotton 
fac  5,104  sp.,  1  tannery,  1  paper  fac,  2  grist  m., 
3  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $368,165.  8 
sch.  322  scholars.    Pop.  1,430- 

Vernon,  p-t.,  Oneida  co.,  N .  Y.,  16  w.  Utica,  108 
w.  n.  w.  Albanv,  371  W.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating ;  soil,  sandy  loam  and  fertile  clay.  Drain- 
ed by  Oneida  and  Skenandoa  creeks.  The  v. 
was  incorporated  in  1827,  and  contains  3  churches 
— 1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Unitarian — an 
academy,  4  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  tannery, 
100  dwellings,  and  about  700  inhabitants.  In 
the  vicinity,  on  Skenandoa  cr.,  is  a  large  glass 
fac.  There  are  in  the  t.  13  stores,  cap.  $66,500  ; 
3  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  1  distil- 
lery, 2  glass  houses,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper,  4  grist  m.,  13  saw  in.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac $93,300.    2  acad.  17  schools.  Pop.  3,043. 

Vernon,  p-t.,  Sussex  co.,  N.  J.,  92  n.  by  e. 
Trenton,  260  W.  The  surface  is  covered  with 
mountains,  rising  in  the  e.  to  the  height  of  1,000 
feet.  Drained  by  Warwick  cr.  and  its  tributa- 
ries, Pacack  cr.  a  branch  of  Pequannock  cr.,  and 
small  branches  of  Wallkill  r.  The  v.  is  situated 
in  a  valley  between  2  mountain  ridges,  and  con 
tains  1  store,  and  12  or  15  dwellings.  Hamburg 
v.  is  in  its  s.  w.  angle.  There  are  in  the  t.  2 
stores,  cap.  $7,000  ;  2  forges,  4  distilleries,  3  grist 
m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,210.  12 
sch.  371  scholars.     Pop.  2,395. 

Vernon,  t,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  ful- 
ling m.,  1  distillery,  3  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $11,070.    Pop.  1,240. 

Vernon,  p-v.,  Kent  co.,  Del.,  32  s.  s.  w.  Dover, 
116  W. 

Vernon,  p-v.,  Troup  co.,  Ga.,  129  w.  Milledge- 
ville,  747  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Chatta- 
hoochee r.  It  contains  a  Baptist  church,  an 
academy,  and  about  25  dwellings. 

Vernon,  p-v.,  Autauga  co.,  Ala.,  112  s.  E. 
Tuscaloosa,  852  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of 
Alabama  r.,  on  the  E.  side  of  Swift  cr.,  at  its  en- 
trance into  the  r.     It  has  about  200  inhabitants. 

Vernon,  p-v.,  Hickman  co.,  Tenn.,  62  s.  w. 
Nashville,  746  W.    Situated  on  Pine  cr.,  and 
contains  a  church  and  several  dwellings. 
Vernon,  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.,  Ohio,  189  n.  e. 
86 


Columbus,  301  W.    It  has  7  sch.  257  scholars 
Pop.  7,v.». 

Vernon,  t.,  Scioto  co.,  O.  Mineral  coal  and 
iron  ore  are  abundant.  It  has  1  sch.  32  scholars. 
Pop.  902. 

Vernon,  t.,  Clinton  co.,  O.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $8,500 ;  2  tanneries,  3  flouring  in.,  3  grist  m., 
4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,562.  8  sch.  590 
scholars.    Pop.  1,434. 

Vernon,  p-v.,  Allen  co.,  Ky.,  53  s.  w.  Frank- 
fort, 674  W. 

Vernon,  p-v.,  capital  of  Jennings  co.,  la.,  65 
s.  E.  Indianapolis,  569  W.  Situated  on  the  E. 
side  of  Vernon  fork  of  Muscatatack  r.  It  con- 
tains an  elegant  brick  court  house,  a  jail,  clerk's 
office,  with  a  valuable  library,  contributed  by  the 
proprietors  of  the  place,  1  church,  common  to 
Baptists,  Methodists,  and  Presbyterians,  2  stores, 
and  about  250  inhabitants. 

Vernon,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  la.    Pop.  492. 

Vernon,  t.,  Washington  co.,  la.  It  has  6 
stores,  cap.  $9,000  ;  1  cotton  fac,  1  sch.  20  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,936. 

Vernon,  p-t.,  Milwaukie  co.,  Wis.  It  has  1 
sch.  17  scholars.    Pop.  187. 

Vernon,  p-v.,  Maduon  co.,  Miss.  Situated  on 
the  s.  e.  side  of  Big  Black  r.  Steamboats  ascend 
to  this  place  a  part  of  the  year.  It  contains 
about  200  inhabitants. 

Vernon  Centre,  p-v.,  Vernon  t.,  Oneida  co., 
N.  Y.,  105  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  375  W. 

Verona,  t.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  20  w.  Utica, 
116  w.  n.  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  level, 
with  some  swamps;  soil,  rich  mold,  blended 
with  sand.  Oneida  lake  lies  on  its  n.  w.  bor- 
der. Drained  by  Wood  cr.,  which  bounds  it  on 
the  If.,  receiving  small  tributaries  from  the  t. 
The  Erie  canal  passes  through  the  t.,  from  which 
the  Oneida  Lake  canal  here  branches  off.  It  has 
17  stores,  cap.  $26,600;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  4  tanneries,  1  glass  fac,  2  grist  m.,  20  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $73,000.  24  sch.  1,218 
scholars.     Pop.  4,504. 

Verona,  p-o.,  Calhoun  co.,Mich. 

Verona,  p-v.,  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  53  N.  Frank- 
fort, 516  W. 

Verona,  p-v.,  Vanderburg  co.,  la.,  182  s.  w. 
Indianapolis,  737  W. 

Verplank,  p-v.,  Cortland  t.,  Westchester  co., 
N.  Y.,  4  s.  Peekskill.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of 
Hudson  r.,  and  has  a  convenient  steamboat 
landing.  It  contains  2  stores,  and  15  or  20 
dwellings. 

Versailles,  p-o.,  Perrysburgh  t.,  Cattaraugus 
co.,  N.  Y.,  308  w.  by  s.  Albany,  361 W. 

Versailles,  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  12  s.  e. 
Pittsburg.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  loam. 
Youghiogheny  r.  runs  on  its  s.  border,  and  Mo- 
nongahela  r.  on  is  w.  boundary.  Drained  by 
Turtle  creek  and  Long  run.  It  contains  McKees- 
portand  Perritsport  villages.  It  has  2  sch.  113 
.scholars.     Pop.  1,456. 

Versailles,  p-v.,  Williamson  co.,  Tenn.,  38 
s.  Nashville,  701  W. 

Versailles,  p-v.,  capital  of  Woodford  co., 
Ky.,  12  s.  s.  e.  Frankfort,  534  W.  Situated  a 
little  s.  of  the  railroad  from  Lexington  to  Frank- 
fort, to  which  it  is  connected  by  a  short  branch. 
It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and  several  stores, 
and  1,044  inhabitants. 

Versailles,  p-v.,  capital  of  Ripley  co.,  la.,  69 
s.  e.  Indianapolis,  545  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Laughery  cr.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  and  about  400  inhabitants.  The  surround- 
ing country  is  well  cultivated. 

Versailles,  p-v.,  Brown  to.,  111.  Situated 
a  little  n.  of  McKeee  cr. 


VIC 


682 


VIE 


Versailles,  p-v.,  capital  of  Morgan  co.,  Mo., 
36  w.  by  s.  of  Jefferson  City,  1,020  W.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  and  about  200  inhabit- 
ants. 

Vershire,  p-t.,  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  31  s.  E.  Mont- 
pelier,  510  W.    The  surface  is  uneven,  and  in 

Eart  stony  ;  soil,  adapted  to  grazing.  Watered 
y  Ompompanoosuc  r.  Chartered  in  1781 ;  first 
settled  in  1780.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,100 ;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $5,300.  16  sch.  436  scholars.  Pop. 
1,198. 

VEsrER,  p-o.,  Tully  t.,  Onondaga  co.,  N.  Y., 
135  w.  by  n.  Albany,  332  W. 

Vestal,  p-t.,  Broome  co.,  N.  Y.,  147  w.  s.  w. 
Albany,  289  W.  The  surface  is  ridgy  and 
broken  ;  soil,  fertile  on  the  flats,  otherwise  hea- 
vily timbered.  Drained  by  Choconut  cr.,  and 
other  streams  flowing  into  Susquehanna  r.,  which 
bounds  it  on  the  n.  The  v.  contains  a  few  dwell- 
ings. It  has  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  21  saw  m.,  8 
sch.  371  scholars.    Pop.  1,253. 

Vesuvius  Furnace,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.  C, 
162  w.  Nashville,  399  W. 

Veteran,  p-t.,  Chemung  co.,  N.  Y.,  11  n.  El- 
mira,  190  w.  s.  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly ; 
soil,  a  fertile  gravelly  and  clay  loam.  Drained  by 
the  inlet  of  Seneca  lake,  which  affords  good  wa- 
ter power.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $32,075  ;  3  tan- 
neries. Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,000.  7  sch.  408 
scholars.    Pop.  2,279. 

Vevay,  p-v.,  capital  of  Switzerland  co.,  la.,  94 
s.  E.  Indianapolis,  544  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  e. 
bank  of  Ohio  r.  Settled  by  emigrants  from 
Switzerland,  and  contains  a  court  house  of  brick, 
a  jail,  7  stores,  a  printing  office,  200  dwellings, 
many  of  them  of  brick,  and  about  1,200  inhabit- 
ants. The  site  is  one  of  the  most  pleasant  on 
Ohio  r.  The  vine  has  been  extensively  and 
successfully  cultivated  in  this  place  and  the  vi- 
cinity. 

Vevay,  p-t.,  Ingham  co.,  Mich.  The  court 
house  of  the  co.  is  in  the  n.  e.  part  of  the  t.  It 
has  4  sch.  82  scholars.    Pop.  223. 

Vicarage,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  N.  C,  61  w. 
Raleigh,  347  W. 

Vicksburg,  city,  and  capital  of  Warren  co., 
Miss.,  41  w.  by  n.  Jackson,  1,051  W.  Situated 
on  the  e.  side  of  Mississippi  r.,  400  miles  above 
New  Orleans,  and  though  of  recent  origin,  it  has 
become  a  large  and  flourishing  place.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  4  churches — 1  Presby- 
terian, 1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Roman 
Catholic — 3  academies,  2  male  and  1  female,  50 
wholesale  grocery  and  commission  stores,  50  re- 
tail dry  goods  stores,  a  printing  office,  and  3,104 
inhabitants.  A  number  of  boats  are  always  ly- 
ing in  the  harbor,  and  a  great  quantity  of  cotton 
is  shipped  here.  The  town  is  situated  on  the 
shelving  declivity  of  high  hills,  and  the  houses 
are  scattered  in  groups  on  the  terraces.  It  is  just 
below  the  Walnut  Hills.  The  country  around  is 
very  fertile.  Steamboats  regularly  ply  between 
this  place  and  New  Orleans.  A  railroad  extends 
from  Vicksburg  to  Brandon,  through  Jackson. 

Vicksville,  p-o.,  Southampton  co.,  Va.,  64  s. 
by  e.  Richmond,  183  W. 

Vicksville,  p-o.,  Nash  co.,  N.  C. 
Victor,  p-t.,  Ontario  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  n.w.  Can- 
andaigua,  21)3  Albany.  The  surface  is  uneven; 
soil,  sandy  and  clay  loam.  Drained  by  Mud  cr. 
The  v.  is  situated  near  the  line  of  the  Auburn 
and  Rochester  railroad,  and  contains  3  churches 
— 1  Presbyterian,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Universal- 
ist— 3  stores,  40  dwellings,  and  about  300  in- 
habitants. It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $15,000;  2  lull- 
ing m.,  2  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  3 


flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $140,940.  1  acad.  25  students,  12  sch.  671 
scholars.    Pop.  2,393. 

Victoria,  p-o.,  Knox  co.,  111. 

Victoria,  p-v.,  Bolivar  co.,  Miss.,  125  n.  Jack- 
son.     Situated  on  the  E.  bank  of  Mississippi  r. 

Victory, t,  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  10  N.w. Guildhall. 
Watered  by  Moose  r.  Chartered  in  1781,  but 
has  been  but  little  settled.  It  has  1  saw  m.,  2 
sch.  30  scholars.    Pop.  140. 

Victory,  p-t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y.,  20  n.  Au- 
burn, 169  w.  by  n.  Albany,  352  W.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating;  soil,  sandy  and  gravelly 
loam.  Drained  by  Sodus  cr.  The  v.  contains 
2  stores,  40  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 
There  are  in  the  t.  4  stores,  cap.  $14,200 ;  1  full- 
ing m.,  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $1,550.  1  acad.  30  students.  18  sch. 
856  scholars.    Pop.  2,371. 

Vidalia,  v.,  capital  of  Concordia,  par.,  La. 
Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  the  Mississippi  r.,  im- 
mediately opposite  to  Natchez.  It  contains  a 
court  house  and  a  few  dwellings,  built  on  a  street 
parallel  with  the  r. 

Vienna,  p-t.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  23  n.  w. 
Augusta,  618  W.  A  branch  of  Sandy  r.  bounds 
it  on  the  w.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain. 
Incorporated  in  1802.  It  has  1  saw  m»,  7  sch. 
377  scholars.    Pop.  891. 

Vienna,  p-t.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  3  n.  w.  Utica, 
125  w.  by  s.  Albany.  The  surface  is  undula- 
ting; soil,  generally  fertile.  Drained  by  Fish 
cr.,  and  other  streams  flowing  into  Oneida  lake, 
which  bounds  it  in  part  on  the  s.  The  v.  is  situ- 
ated near  the  n.  e.  comer  of  Oneida  lake. 
There  are  in  the  t.  7  stores,  cap.  $30,000  ;  1  lum- 
ber yard,  cap.  $14,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $17,950.  22  sch.  822  scholars.  Pop. 
2,530. 

Vienna,  v.,  Phelps  t.,  Ontario  co.,  N.  Y.  Situ- 
ated on  the  outlet  of  Canandaigua  lake,  at  the 
junction  of  Flint  cr.,  and  contains  3  churches — 
2  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist — 1  female  semi- 
nary, 9  stores,  6  flouring  m.,  4  plaster  m.,  3  saw 
m.,  2  edge  tool  fac,  2  clothiers'  works,  1  furnace, 
2  distilleries,  200  dwellings,  and  about  1,400  in- 
habitants. The  Auburn  and  Rochester  railroad 
passes  through  the  place. 

Vienna,  p-v.,  Dorchester  co.,  Md.,  79  s.  E. 
Annapolis.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Nanti- 
coke  r.,  which  is  navigable  to  this  place  for  sea 
vessels.  It  contains  1  Episcopal  and  1  Metho- 
dist church,  and  20  or  30  dwellings.  It  has  con- 
siderable navigation,  and  is  a  port  of  entry. 
Tonnage  1840,  15,534. 

Vienna,  p-v.,  Stokes  co.,  N.  C,  123  w.  by  N. 
Raleigh,  331  W. 

Vienna,  p-v.,  Pickens  co.,  Ala.,  50  Tus- 
caloosa, 868  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Tom- 
bigbee  r.,  just  above  the  entrance  ef  Sipsey  r., 
and  contains  1  store  and  about  150  inhabitants. 

Vienna,  p-v.,  capital  of  Dooly  co.,  Ga.,  85  s.  s. 
w.  Milledgeville,  742  W.  Situated  on  Indian  cr., 
and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and  about  10 
dwellings. 

Vienna,  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  178  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 298  W.  It  has  12  sch.  640  scholars. 
Pop.  969. 

Vienna,  p-v.,  Macomb  co.,  Mich. 

Vienna,  t.,  Genesee  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  212. 

Vienna,  p-v.,  Scott  co.,  la.,  85  s.  Indianapolis, 
585  W.  It  contains  a  store  and  about  60  in- 
habitants. 

Vienna,  p-v.,  capital  of  Johnson  co.,  111.  Sit- 
uated on  the  e.  fork  of  Cash  r.,  and  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  3  stores,  and  about  30  dwellings. 


VIR 


683 


VIR 


Viknna  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Harmony  t.,  Clarke 
co.,  O. 

Vigo,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  w.  toward 
the  s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  400  sq.  ms. 
The  surface  is  level  or  gently  undulating,  with 
a  due  proportion  of  forest  and  prairie  ;  soil,  very 
fertile.  Drained  by  Wabash  r.,  which  is  navi- 
gable, and  by  Spring,  Coal,  Otter,  L>st,  Sugar, 
Clear,  and  Honey  ereeks.  The  Wabash  and 
Erie  canal  terminates  at  Terre  Haute.  Capital, 
Terre  Haute.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
12,0S6,  sheep  8,541,  swine  31,730 ;  wheat  17,654 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  718,485,  buckwheat 
2,263,  oats  104,683,  potatoes  33,706,  sugar  10,117 
pounds ;  5  commission  houses,  cap.  $42,400 ;  54 
stores,  cap.  8214,675;  1  furnace,  4  tanneries,  4 
distilleries,  1  brewery,  2  flouring  m.,  9  grist  m., 
18  saw  in.,  1  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $70,444.  29 
sch.  1,307  scholars.     Pop.  12,076. 

Village  Green,  p-v.,  Ashton  t.,  Delaware 
co.,  Pa.,  89  e.  Harrisburg,  123  W.  It  contains  a 
Methodist  church  and  6  or  8  dwellings. 

Village  Springs,  p-o.,  Blount  co.,  Ala.,  81  n. 
K.  Tuscaloosa. 

Villanova,  p-t,  Chautauque  co.,  N.  Y.,  22  n. 
k.  Mayville,  323  w.  by  s.  Albany,  346  W.  The 
surface  is  hilly  and  broken  ;  soil,  clay  and  loam, 
well  adapted  to  grass.  Drained  by  Connewango 
cr.  and  its  tributaries.  It  has  2  stores,  capital 
$2,000 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,253.  13  sch.  585  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  1,655. 

Villa  Rica,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  Ga.,  178  n.  w. 
by  w.  Milledgeville. 

Vinalhavkn,  p-t.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  12  s.  E. 
Camden.  The  t.  consists  of  the  Fox  islands,  at 
the  mouth  of  Penobscot  bay.  There  are  3  prin- 
cipal islands,  besides  several  small  islands  near 
them.  They  contain  good  harbors,  and  are  well 
situated  for  navigation,  and  particularly  the  fish- 
eries. The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain  and 
to  grazing.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $16,000;  1  tan- 
nery, 2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$2,800.     13  sch.  766  scholars.     Pop.  1,950. 

Vincennes,  p-v.,  capital  of  Knox  co.,  la.,  118 
Indianapolis,  688  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  bank 
of  Wabash  r.,  100  ms.  above  its  entrance  into  the 
Ohio,  with  a  fine  prairie  of  several  thousand  acres, 
on  the  N.  E.  and  s.  It  is  the  oldest  town  in  the 
state,  having  been  established  by  the  French  in 
1730  as  a  trading  post.  It  contains  a  brick  court 
house,  a  county  jail,  a  seminary,  a  female  semi- 
nary, a  library  of  over  1,500  vols.,  a  U.  S.  land 
office,  3  churches  of  brick,  22  stores,  numerous 
mechanic  shops,  1  wind  m.,  2  cotton  fac,  2  print- 
ing offices,  issuing  2  weekly  newspapers,  350 


dwellings,  and  about  SLUU0  inhabitanta,  one  fifth 

of  whom  are  French.  The  \.  extendi  over  half 
a  m.  along  tin-  mer  hank,  and  lias  wide  streets, 
crossing  each  other  at  right  angles.  The  r.  is 
navigable  to  this  place  ti>r  steamboats.  The  r., 
opposite  the  v.,  is  230  yards  w  ide. 

Vincent,  p-t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  30  n.  w.  Phil- 
adelphia, 73  s.  E.  Harrisburg,  lf>3  W.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly;  soil,  sandy  loam.  Drained  by 
Stony,  French,  and  Riding  creeks.  Schuylkill 
r.  runs  on  its  n.  e.  border.  Pop.  2,426.  (See  E. 
and  W.  Vincent.) 

Vincenton,  p-v.,  Northampton  t.,  Hnrlintrton 
co.,  N.  J.,  26  s.  Trenton,  160  W.  Situated  on  the 
s.  branch  of  Rancocus  cr.,  at  the  junction  of  Stop- 
the-Jade  cr.,  and  contains  2  churches — 1  free  to 
all  denominations  and  1  Friends — 4  storeB,  1  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  about  40  dwellings. 

Vineyard,  p-t.,  Grand  Isle  co.,  vt.,  78  n.  w. 
Montpelier,  551  W.  It  consists  of  Isle  La  Motte 
or  Vineyard,  in  Lake  Champlain.  It  was  char- 
tered by  the  former  name  in  1799,  and  received 
its  present  name  in  1802.  First  settled  in  1785. 
It  contains  4,620  acres.  The  soil  is  generally 
fertile,  and  a  marsh  across  the  island  affords  ex- 
cellent cedar.  Good  building  and  lime  stone  are 
found.    It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,500.     Pop.  435. 

Vineyard,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $3,000  ;  1  tannery,  1  printing  office,  2 
flouring  m.,  6  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $29,160.  1  acad.  40  students,  1  sch.  33  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  837. 

Vineyard  Mills,  p-o.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa., 
87  w.  Harrisburg,  135  W. 

Viney  Fork,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  Ky.,  56  s.  E. 
Frankfort,  546  W. 

Vinton,  p-v.,  Huntingdon  t.,  Gallia  co.,  O.,  92 
s.  by  e.  Columbus,  367  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Big  Racoon  cr.,  20  ms.  from  its  entranco 
into  Ohio  r.,  and  contains  an  academy,  3  stores, 
2  grist  and  saw  m.,  and  about  75  inhabitants. 
Mineral  coal  and  iron  ore  are  abundant  in  the 
vicinity. 

Vinton,  t.,  Athens  co.,  O.  Drained  by  Ra- 
coon cr.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $10,700.     1  sch.  28  scholars.    Pop.  227. 

Violet,  t.,  Fairfield  co.,  O.    Pop.  2,378. 

Virgil,  p-t.,  Cortland  co.,  N.  Y.,  149  Albany, 
308  W.  The  surface  is  uneven;  soil,  fertile 
sandy  and  clay  loam.  Drained  by  East  Owego 
cr.  and  Toughnioga  r.  The  v.  contains  3  churches 
—1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist — 3 
stores,  1  tannery,  40  dwellings,  and  about  200 
inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  4  stores,  cap. 
$19,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  forge,  2  tanneries,  2  grist 
m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $23,730;  35 
sch.  1,515  scholars.    Pop.  4,502. 


VIRGINIA. 

Virginia,  the  northernmost  of  the  southern  United  States,  is  bounded  n.  by  Pennsylvania  and 
Maryland,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Potomac ;  E.  by  the  Atlantic ;  s.  by  North  Carolina 
and  Tennessee ;  w.  by  Kentucky ;  and  if.  w.  by  Ohio.  It  lies  between  36°  33'  and  40°  43'  N.  Iat., 
and  between  75°  25'  and  83°  40'  w.  long. ;  and  between  6°  34'  w.,  and  1°  20>  e.  long,  from  W.   It  is 

370  miles  long,  and  200  broad  at  its  greatest  width,  containing  64,000  sq.  miles,  or  40,960,000  acres. 
The  population  in  1790,  was  747,610;  in  1800,  886,149;  in  1810,  974,622;  in  1820,  1,065,366;  m 
1830  1  211  272;  in  1840,  1,239,797,  of  which  448,987  were  slaves.    Of  the  free  white  population 

371  223  we're  white  males;  369,745  do.  females;  23,814  were  colored  males;  26,020  do  females. 
Employed  in  agriculture,  318,771 ;  in  commerce,  6,361 ;  in  manufactures  and  trades,  54,147 ;  navi- 
gating the  ocean,  582 ;  do.  canals,  rivers,  and  lakes,  2,952 ;  learned  professions,  &c,  3£66. 

This  state  is  divided  into  119  counties,  and  two  districts,  Eastern  and  Western.  The  following 
are  the  counties  of  the  Eastern  District,  with  their  population  in  1840,  and  their  capitals.  Acco- 
mac,  17,096,  Accomac  C.  H.;  Albemarle,  22,924,  Charlottesville;  Amelia,  10,320,  Amelia 


VIR 684 VIR 

C.  H. ;  Amherst,  12,576,  Amherst  C.  H. ;  Bedford,  20,203,  liberty ;  Brunswick,  14,346,  Law- 
renceville  ;  Buckingham,  18,786,  Buckingham  C.  H. ;  Campbell,  21,030,  Campbell  C.  H. ;  Car- 
oline, 17,813,  Bowling  Green ;  Charles  City,  4,774,  Charles  City  C.  H. ;  Charlotte,  14,595, 
Charlotte  C.  H. ;  Chesterfield,  17,148,  Chesterfield  C.  II.;  Culpepper,  11,393,  Culpepper  C. 
H.;  Cumberland,  10,399,  Cumberland  C.  H. ;  Dinwiddie,  22,558,  Dinwiddie  C.  H. ;  Elizabeth 
City,  3,706,  Hampton ;  Essex,  11,309,  Tappahannock ;  Fairfax,  9,370,  Fairfax  C.  H. ;  Fauquier, 
21,897,  Warrenton ;  Fluvanna,  8,812,  Palmyra ;  Franklin,  15,832,  Rocky  Mount ;  Gloucester, 
10,715,  Gloucester  C.  H. ;  Goochland,  9,760,  Goochland  C.  II. ;  Greensville,  6,366,  Hicksford; 
Greene,  4,232,  Stannardsville ;  Halifax,  25,936,  Halifax  C.  H. ;  Hanover,  14,968,  Hanover  C. 
H. ;  Henrico,  33,076,  Richmond ;  Henry,  7,335,  Martinsville ;  Isle  of  Wight,  9,972,  Smith- 
field  ;  James  City,  3,779,  Williamsburg ;  King  George,  5,927,  King  George  C.  H. ;  King  Wil- 
liam, 9,258,  King  William  C.  H. ;  King  and  Queen,  10,862,  King  and  Queen  C.  H. ;  Lancas- 
ter, 4,623,  Lancaster  C.  H. ;  Loudoun,  20,431,  Leesburg ;  Louisa,  15,433,  Louisa  C.  H. ;  Lunen- 
burg, 11,055,  Lunenburg  C.  H.;  Madison,  8,107,  Madison  ;  Matthews,  7,442,  Matthews  C.  H. ; 
Mecklenburg,  20,724,  Boydton ;  Middlesex,  4,392,  Urbanna;  Nansemond,  10,795,  Suffolk; 
Nelson,  12,287,  Livingston;  New  Kent,  6,230,  New  Kent  C.  H.;  Norfolk,  27,569,  Norfolk; 
Northampton,  7,715,  Eastville ;  Northumberland,  7,924,  Northumberland  C.  H. ;  Nottoway, 
9,719,  Nottoway  C.  H. ;  Orange,  9,125,  Orange  C.  H. ;  Patrick,  8,032,  Patrick  C.  H. ;  Pittsyl- 
vania, 26,398,  Pittsylvania  C.  H. ;  Powhatan,  7,924,  Scottsville ;  Princess  Anne,  7,285,  Prin- 
cess Anne  C.  H. ;  Prince  Edward,  14,069,  Prince  Edward  C.  H. ;  Prince  George,  7,175,  City 
Point;  Prince  William,  8,144,  Brentsville;  Rappahannock,  9,257,  Washington;  Richmond, 
5,965,  Richmond  C.  H. ;  Southampton,  14,525,  Jerusalem;  Spotsylvania,  15,161,  Spotsylvania 
C.  H.;  Stafford,  8,454,  Falmouth;  Surry,  6,480,  Surry  C.  H.;  Sussex,  11,229,  Sussex  C.  H.; 
Warwick,  1,456,  Warwick  C.  H. ;  Westmoreland,  8,019,  Westmoreland  C.  H. ;  York,  4,720, 
Yorktown  :— 369,398  whites,  42,294  free  colored,  395,250  slaves  ;  total,  806,942.  Western  District— 
Alleghany,  2,749,  Covington ;  Augusta,  19,628,  Staunton ;  Bath,  4,300,  Bath;  Berkley,  10,972, 
Martinsburg;  Botetourt,  11,679,  Fin  castle ;  Braxton,  2,575,  Braxton  C.  H. ;  Brooke,  7,948, 
Welisburg ;  Cabell,  8,163,  Cabell  C.  H. ;  Clarke,  6,353,  Berryville ;  Fayette,  3,924,  Fayette- 
ville ;  Floyd,  4,453,  Floyd  C.  H. ;  Frederick,  14,242,  Winchester ;  Giles,  5,307,  Giles  C.  H. ; 
Grayson,  9,087,  Greensville;  Greenbrier,  8,695,  Lewisburg;  Hampshire,  12,295  Romney; 
Hardy,  7,622,  Moorefield ;  Harrison,  17,669,  Clarksburg  ;  Jackson,  4,890,  Ripley ;  Jefferson, 
14,082,  Charlestown  ;  Kanawha,  13,567,  Charleston ;  Lee,  8,441,  Jonesville ;  Lewis,  8,151,  Wes- 
ton ;  Logan,  4,309,  Logan  C.  H. ;  Marshall,  6,937,  Elizabethtown ;  Mason,  6,777,  Point  Plea- 
sant; Mercer,  2,233,  Princeton;  Monongalia,  17,368,  Morgantown;  Monroe,  8,422,  Union; 
Montgomery,  7,405,  Christiansburg ;  Morgan,  4,253,  Berkley  Springs ;  Nicholas,  2,515,  Sum- 
mersville;  Ohio,  13,357,  Wheeling;  Page,  6,194,  Surry;  Pendleton,  6,940,  Franklin;  Poca- 
hontas, 2,922,  Huntersville ;  Preston,  6,866,  Kingwood  ;  Pulaski,  3,739,  Newbern ;  Randolph, 
6,208,  Beverly  ;  Roanoke,  5,499,  Salem;  Rockbridge,  14,284,  Lexington  ;  Rockingham,  17,344, 
Harrisonburg;  Russell,  7,878,  Lebanon;  Scott, 7,303,  Estiuville;  Shenandoah,  11,618,  Wood- 
stock; Sm y the,  6,522,  Marion ;  Tazewell,  6,290,  Jeffersonville ;  Tyler,  6,954,  Middlebourne ; 
Warren,  5,627,  Front  Royal;  Washington,  13,001,  Abingdon;  Wood,  7,923,  Parkersburg; 
Wythe,  9,375,  Wytheville.  Western  District,  whites  371,570,  free  colored  7,548,  slaves  53,737 ; 
total,  432,855. 

Richmond  is  the  capital  of  the  state,  situated  on  the  n.  side  of  James  river,  at  the  head  of  tide- 
water, and  just  below  its  lower  falls. 

This  state  has  a  great  variety  of  surface  and  soil.  From  the  Atlantic  to  the  lower  falls  on  the 
rivers,  which  includes  a  tract  of  from  110  to  130  miles  in  width,  the  country  is  low  and  flat,  in 
some  places  marshy,  but  extensively  sandy,  covered  with  the  pitch  pine.  On  the  margin  of  the 
rivers,  the  soil  is  often  rich.  This  is  denominated  the  low  country,  and  is  unhealthy  from  August 
to  October.  Between  the  head  of  tidewater  and  the  Blue  Ridge,  the  country  becomes  uneven 
and  hilly,  and  more  so  as  it  approaches  the  mountains.  The  soil  in  this  region  is  some  of  it  sandy 
and  poor ;  some  of  it  is  fertile,  particularly  on  the  margins  of  the  rivers.  Toward  the  mountains  the 
country  is  stony  and  broken,  though  the  soil  is  often  rich.  The  first  ridge  of  mountains  in  this 
state  is  generally  about  150  miles  from  the  ocean.  Beyond  this  the  country  is  mountainous,  trav- 
ersed by  successive  ridges  of  the  Alleghany,  which  occupies  a  greater  breadth  of  country  in  Vir- 
ginia than  in  any  other  state.  Between  the  various  ridges,  however,  there  are  long  valleys  or  table 
land,  parallel  with  them,  often  of  considerable  breadth,  and  containing  some  of  the  best  and  most 
pleasant  land  in  Virginia.  The  farms  are  here  smaller  than  in  other  parts  of  the  state,  better  culti- 
vated, and  there  are  fewer  slaves.    The  climate  in  this  region  is  very  healthy. 

The  soil  in  the  tidewater  country  is  generally  poor,  producing  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  peas. 
Wheat  is  raised  in  some  parts  of  it,  and  a  little  rice  in  the  swamps  in  its  southern  part.  Between 
tidewater  and  the  mountains  is  the  tobacco  country  ;  but  in  the  northern  upland  counties  wheat 
has  extensively  superseded  tobacco ;  and  south  of  James  river,  sufficient  cotton  is  raised  for  home 


VI R  685 VIR 

consumption.  The  southeastern  counties  produce  apples  and  peaehet  in  great  abundance.  &0NM 
the  mountains,  the  farmers  raise  large  numbers  of  cattle  and  boge.  lndinn  oon  is  culti\:itcd 
throughout  the  state.  The  country  west  of  the  mountains  toward  the  Ohio,  is  rough  and  wild— 
sometimes,  but  not  generally  fertile ;  but  very  rich  as  a  mineral  region. 

There  were  in  this  state  in  1810,  326,438  horses  and  mules;  1,021,148  neat  cattle ;  1,293,772 
sheep;  1,992,155  swine  ;  poultry  to  the  value  of  $754,698.  There  were  produced  10,109,710  hush- 
els  of  wheat';  87,430  of  barley;  13,451,062  of  oats ;  1,482,799  of  rye;  213,822  of  buckwheat ; 
34  577  591  of  Indian  corn  ;  2,538,374  pounds  of  wool;  10,597  of  hops;  65,020  of  wax  ;  2,911,060 
bushels  of  potatoes  ;  364,708  tons  of  hay ;  25,594  of  hemp  and  flax  ;  75,347,106  pounds  of  tobacco  ; 
2  956  of  rice  ;  3,494,483  of  cotton  ;  3,191  of  silk  cocoons  ;  1,541,833  of  sugar.  The  products  of  the 
dairy  were  valued  at  $1,480,488 ;  of  the  orchard  $705,765 ;  value  of  lumber  produced  $538,092 ; 
13,911  gallons  of  wine  were  made. 

The  mineral  wealth  of  Virginia  is  very  great.  Gold,  copper,  lead,  iron,  coal,  salt,  limestone, 
and  marble  are  found,  together  with  a  number  of  valuable  mineral  springs.  An  attention  to  tho 
business  of  mining  has  recently  been  excited,  and  in  1840,  2,000  persons  were  employed  in  it. 
The  belt  of  country  in  which  gold  is  found,  extends  through  Spotsylvania  county  and  the  adjacent 
country,  and  in  a  s.  w.  direction,  passes  into  North  and  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  and  Alabama. 
The  gold  in  this  state  is  not  sufficiently  concentrated  to  render  it  profitable,  excepting  in  a  few 
places,  to  engage  in  mining  it.  The  coal  fields  in  Virginia  are  very  extensive,  and  afford  both  die 
bituminous  and  the  anthracite.  Large  quantities  have  been  obtained  and  exported  from  the 
vicinity  of  Richmond.  Salt  springs  have  been  found  in  various  places,  and  salt  has  been  exten- 
sively manufactured  on  the  Great  Kanawha  river,  near  Charleston.  The  warm  springs,  at  Bath, 
the  hot  springs,  a  few  miles  distant,  the  sulphur  springs,  in  Greenbrier  and  Montgomery  counties, 
and  the  sweet  springs,  of  Botetourt  county,  are  much  resorted  to  by  those  in  pursuit  of  health  and 
of  pleasure. 

The  natural  bridge,  in  Rockbridge  county,  and  Weyer's  cave,  in  Augusta  county,  are  great 
curiosities. 
The  staple  productions  of  the  state  are  wheat  and  tobacco 

The  Potomac  river  separates  this  state  from  Maryland.  James  river  is  the  largest  which  belongs 
to  this  state.  It  is  500  miles  in  length,  and  flows  from  the  mountains  in  the  interior,  behind  the 
Blue  Ridge,  through  which  it  passes.  It  is  navigable  for  sloops  120  miles,  and  lor  boats  much  fur- 
ther, and  enters  into  Chesapeake  bay.  The  Appomattox  is  130  miles  long,  and  enters  James  river 
100  miles  above  Hampton  roads,  and  is  navigable  12  miles,  to  Petersburg.  The  Rappahannock 
rises  in  the  Blue  Ridge,  is  130  miles  long,  is  navigable  110  miles  for  sloops,  and  enters  into  the 
Chesapeake.  York  river  enters  the  Chesapeake  30  miles  below  the  Rappahannock,  and  is  naviga- 
ble 40  miles  for  ships.  The  Shenandoah  enters  the  Potomac  just  before  its  passage  through  the 
Blue  Ridge.  Of  the  rivers  w.  of  the  mountains,  the  Great  Kanawha  rises  in  North  Carolina,  passes 
through  this  state  and  enters  the  Ohio.  The  Little  Kanawha  also  enters  into  the  Ohio.  The  Mo- 
nongahela  rises  in  this  state,  though  it  runs  chiefly  in  Pennsylvania. 

The  lower  part  of  Chesapeake  bay  lies  wholly  in  this  state,  is  15  miles  wide  at  its  mouth,  and 
enters  the  Atlantic  between  Cape  Charles  and  Cape  Henry.  Norfolk,  8  miles  from  Hampton 
roads  has  a  fine  harbor,  much  the  best  in  the  stale,  spacious,  safe,  and  well  defended;  and  it  is 
the  most  commercial  place  in  Virginia :  but  Richmond  and  Petersburg  are  more  populous,  and 
have  an  extensive  trade.  Besides  these,  Wheeling,  Lynchburg,  Fredericksburg,  and  Winchester, 
are  principal  places. 

The  exports  of  this  state  in  1840,  amounted  to  $4,778,220 ;  and  the  imports  to  $54;>,68o.  There 
were  31  commercial  and  64  commission  houses  engaged  in  foreign  trade,  with  a  capital  of  $4,299,500; 
2  736  retail  drygoods  and  other  stores,  with  a  capital  of  $16,684,413;  1,454  persons  employed  m 
the  lumber  trade,  with  a  capital  of  $113,210 ;  931  persons  engaged  in  internal  transportation,  who, 
with  103  butchers,  packers,  &c,  employed  a  capital  of  $100,680 ;  556  persons  employed  in  the  fish- 
eries, with  a  capital  of  $28,383.  ... 
The  manufactures  of  Virginia  are  not  so  extensive  as  those  of  some  states  inferior  to  it  in  terri- 
tory and  population.  There  were  in  1840,  domestic  or  family  manufactures  to  the  amount  of 
$2  441,672  ;  41  woollen  manufactories  and  47  fulling  mills,  employing  222  persons,  producing  arti- 
cles to  the  amount  of  $147,792,  with  a  capital  of  $112,350;  22  cotton  manufactories,  with  42,262 
spindles,  employing  1,816  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $446,063,  with  a  capital  of 
$1  293  020  •  42  furnaces  producing  18,810  tons  of  cast-iron,  and  52  forges,  &c,  producing  5,886  tons 
of  bar-iron!  the  whole  employing  1,742  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $1,246,650;  11  smelting  houses 
employed  131  persons,  and  produced  gold  to  the  amount  of  $51,758,  employing  a  capital  of  $103,650 ; 
5  smelting  houses  employed  73  persons,  and  produced  878,648  pounds  of  lead,  employing  a  capital 
of  $21 500 ;  12  paper  manufactories,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $216,245,  and  other  paper 
manufactories  producing  $1,260,  the  whole  employing  181  persons,  and  a  capital  ^^,750; 
3  342  persons  manufactured  tobacco  to  the  amount  of  $2,406,671,  employing  a  capital  of  *l,52b,080 ; 


VIR 686 VIR 

hats  and  caps  were  manufactured  to  the  amount  of  $155,778,  and  straw  bonnets  to  the  amount  of 
$14,700,  the  whole  employing  340  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $85,640 ;  660  tanneries  employed  1,422 
persons,  and  a  capital  of  $838,141 ;  982  other  leather  manufactories,  as  saddleries,  &c,  produced 
articles  to  the  amount  of  $826,597,  and  employed  a  capital  of  $341,957 ;  4  glass-houses,  and  2  glass- 
cutting  establishments  employed  164  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  value  of  $146,500,  with  a 
capital  of  $132,000 ;  33  potteries  employed  64  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $31,380, 
with  a  capital  of  $10,225 ;  36  persons  produced  drugs,  paints,  &c,  to  the  amount  of  $66,633,  with 
a  capital  of  $61,727;  445  persons  produced  machinery  to  the  amount  of  $429,858;  150  persons 
produced  hardware  and  cutlery  to  the  amount  of  $50,504  ;  262  persons  manufactured  9,330  small- 
arms  ;  40  persons  manufactured  granite  and  marble  to  the  amount  of  $16,652 ;  1,004  persons  pro- 
duced bricks  and  lime  to  the  amount  of  $393,253  ;  carriages  and  wagons  were  manufactured  to  the 
amount  of  $647,815,  employing  1,592  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $311,625 ;  1,454  distilleries  produced 
865,725  gallons,  and  5  breweries  produced  32,960  gallons,  employing  1,631  persons,  and  a  capital 
of  $187,212;  764  flouring  mills  produced  1,041,526  barrels  of  flour,  and  with  other  mills  employed 
3,964  persons,  producing  articles  to  the  amount  of  $7,855,499,  with  a  capital  of  $5,184,669  ;  ships 
were  built  to  the  amount  of  $136,807;  675  persons  manufactured  furniture  to  the  amount  of 
$289,391 ;  402  brick  or  stone,  and  2,604  wooden  houses  were  built,  employing  4,694  persons,  and 
cost  $1,367,393;  50  printing  offices,  and  13  binderies,  4  daily,  12  semi-weekly,  and  35  weekly 
newspapers,  and  5  periodicals,  employed  310  persons,  and  a  capital  of  $168,850.  The  whole 
amount  of  capital  employed  in  manufactures  in  the  state  was  $11,360,861. 

William  and  Mary  College,  at  Williamsburg,  is  the  oldest  in  the  state,  and  one  of  the  oldest  in  the 
country,  and  was  founded  in  1691.  Hampden  Sidney  College,  in  Prince  Edward  county,  was  founded 
in  1783,  and  is  flourishing.  Washington  College,  at  Lexington,  was  founded  in  1812.  Randolph 
Macon  College,  was  founded  at  Boydton  in  1832.  There  are  theological  schools  at  Richmond, 
in  Prince  Edward  county,  and  in  Fairfax  county.  But  the  most  important  literary  institution  in 
the  state,  is  the  University  of  Virginia,  at  Charlottesville,  founded  in  1819.  Its  plan  is  extensive, 
its  endowment  has  been  munificent,  and  it  is  a  prosperous  institution.  In  all  these,  with  a  few 
smaller  institutions,  there  were  in  1840,  1,097  students ;  there  were  in  the  state,  also,  382  acade- 
mies, with  11,083  students  ;  1,561  common  and  primary  schools,  with  35,331  scholars;  and  58,787 
white  persons  over  20  years  of  age  who  could  neither  read  nor  write. 

The  Baptists,  the  most  numerous  religious  denomination,  have  about  437  churches  ;  the  Presby- 
terians 120 ;  the  Episcopalians,  65  ministers ;  the  Methodists  170.  There  are  also  a  few  Luther- 
ans, Catholics,  Unitarians,  Friends,  and  Jews. 

In  January,  1840,  there  were  in  this  state  8  banks  and  branches,  with  a  capital  of  $3,637,400, 
and  a  circulation  of  $2,513,412.  At  the  close  of  the  same  year  the  public  debt  amounted  to 
$6,857,161. 

There  is  a  state  penitentiary  located  at  Richmond. 

The  first  constitution  of  Virginia  was  formed  in  1776.  This  was  altered  and  amended  by  a  con- 
vention assembled  for  that  purpose,  in  1830.  The  executive  power  is  vested  in  a  governor,  elected 
by  the  joint  vote  of  the  two  houses  of  the  general  assembly.  He  is  chosen  for  three  years,  but  is 
ineligible  for  the  next  three.  There  is  a  council  of  state,  elected  in  like  manner  for  three  years, 
the  seat  of  one  being  vacated  every  year.  The  senior  councillor  is  lieutenant-governor.  The 
senators  can  never  be  more  than  36,  and  the  delegates  than  150 ;  and  both  are  apportioned  anew 
among  the  counties  every  10  years,  commencing  with  1841.  The  senators  are  elected  for  4  years, 
and  the  seats  of  one  fourth  of  them  are  vacated  every  year.  The  delegates  are  chosen  annually. 
All  appointments  to  any  office  of  trust,  honor,  or  profit,  by  the  legislature,  are  given  openly,  or 
viva  voce,  and  not  by  ballot.  The  judges  of  the  supreme  court  of  appeals,  and  of  the  superior 
courts,  are  elected  by  the  joint  vote  of  both  houses  of  the  general  assembly,  and  hold  their  offices 
during  good  behavior,  or  until  removed  by  a  joint  vote  of  two  thirds  of  the  legislature. 

The  right  of  suffrage  is  extended  to  every  resident  white  male  citizen  of  21  years  of  age,  enti- 
tled to  vote  by  the  former  constitution  ;  or  who  owns  a  freehold  valued  at  $25  ;  or  a  joint  interest 
in  a  freehold  to  that  amount ;  or  who  has  a  life  estate,  or  a  reversionary  title  to  land  valued  at  $50, 
having  been  so  possessed  for  6  months ;  or  who  shall  own,  or  be  in  occupation  of,  a  leasehold 
estate,  having  been  recorded  2  months,  for  a  term  not  less  than  5  years,  to  the  annual  value  or  rent 
of  $200 ;  or  who  for  12  months  shall  have  been  a  housekeeper  and  head  of  a  family,  and  paid  the 
taxes  assessed  by  the  commonwealth. 

Virginia  has  undertaken  several  important  works  of  internal  improvement,  by  chartering  private 
companies,  several  of  which  have  been  liberally  aided  by  the  state.  The  Dismal  Swamp  canal 
connects  Chesapeake  bay  with  Albemarle  sound,  extending  from  Deep  creek  to  Joyce's  creek,  23 
miles,  at  a  cost  of  $879,864.  It  has  branches  of  11  miles.  The  Alexandria  canal  extends  Ik  ms., 
from  Georgetown  to  Alexandria.  The  James  River  and  Kanawha  canal  extends  175  miles,  from 
Richmond  to  Buchanan.  The  Richmond,  Fredericksburg,  and  Potomac  railroad  extends  75  miles, 
to  Aquia  creek.    Louisa  branch,  25  miles  from  Richmond,  proceeds  49  miles,  to  Gordonsville. 


WAB 


687 


WAB 


Richmond  and  Petersburg  railroad,  from  Richmond,  extends  23  miles,  to  Petersburg.  Petersburg 
and  Roanoke  railroad  extendB  from  Petersburg,  59  miles,  to  Weldon.  (ircciisvillc  railroad  extendi 
from  near  Hicks,  for  18  miles,  to  Gaston,  N.  C.  City  Point  railroad  extends  from  Petersburg,  12 
miles,  to  City  Point.  Chesterfield  railroad  extends  from  Coal  Mines,  13i  miles,  to  Richmond. 
Portsmouth  and  Roanoke  railroad  extends  from  Portsmouth,  8  miles,  to  Weldon,  N.  C.  Winchester 
and  Potomac  railroad  extends  from  Harper's  Ferry,  32  miles,  to  Winchester. 

Virginia  is  sometimes  denominated  the  Ancient  Dominion,  having  been  settled  in  April,  1G07,  at 
Jamestown,  on  James  river,  which  was  the  first  white  settlement  in  the  I'nitcd  States.  It  was 
named  Virginia,  in  honor  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  by  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  to  whom  she  granted  the 
country.  He  attempted  a  settlement  of  it,  which  failed.  The  grant  was  vacated  by  the  execution 
and  attainder  of  that  nobleman,  under  James  I.  The  country  was  then  granted  to  two  companies, 
the  London  company  and  the  Plymouth  company,  and  called  South  and  North  Virginia.  By  the 
former  the  country  was  settled,  and  Jamestown  was  named  in  honor  of  their  royal  patron.  This 
country  suffered  many  disasters  arising  from  the  turbulence  of  its  citizens,  the  wars  with  the  In- 
dians, and  the  tyranny  of  the  royal  governors.  Virginia  was  a  very  loyal  province,  and  was  at- 
tached to  the  royal  party  in  the  revolution  of  1688  ;  and  was  among  the  first  to  proclaim  Charles 
II.,  at  the  restoration.  The  Church  of  England  was  established  by  law,  in  1662.  Virginia  had 
the  high  honor,  in  1732,  of  being  the  birth-place  of  George  Washington,  and  it  was  as  an  officer 
of  her  colonial  militia  that  he  commenced  his  career  of  military  glory.  This  state  was  among  the 
first  to  resist  the  aggressions  of  the  mother  country,  and  her  sages  and  her  yeomen  bore  a  distin- 
guished part  in  the  struggles  of  the  revolution.  Her  Patrick  Henry,  as  a  revolutionary  orator,  her 
Washington,  as  the  greatest  and  the  best  in  the  field  and  in  the  cabinet,  and  her  Jefferson,  Mad- 
ison, and  Monroe,  as  presidents  of  the  United  States,  and  her  Marshall,  as  chief-justice,  have  con- 
ferred distinguished  honor  on  their  country.  In  convention,  June  25th,  1788,  the  constitution  of  the 
United  States  was  adopted— yeas  89,  nays  79 ;  majority,  10.  It  will  be  found  that  the  constitution 
was  adopted  with  most  difficulty  where  the  spirit  of  freedom  was  the  most  jealous. 


Virginia,  p-v 
Springfield,  800  W 


capital  of  Cass  co.,  111.,  36  w. 
r.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  2~sch.  73  scholars,  and  254  inhabitants. 

Virginia,  t.,  Coshocton  co.,  O.  It  has  2  grist 
m.,  4  saw  m.    Pop.  1,105. 

Virginia  Mills,  p-o.,  Buckingham  co.,  Va.,  69 
Richmond,  143  WT. 

Virginia  Mines,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Mo. 

Virginsville,  p-v.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  68  E.  Har- 
risburg,  160  W. 

Vischers  Ferry,  p-o.,  Clifton  Park  t.,  Sara- 
toga co.,  N.  Y.,  17  Albany,  337  W. 

vista,  p-o.,  Lewisborough  t,  Westchester  co., 
N.  Y.,  119  s.  Albany,  276  W. 

Volinia,  p-t.,  Cass  co.,  Mich.  The  soil  is 
very  fertile,  well  adapted  to  grain,  having  pro- 
duced in  a  year  over  40  bushels  of  wheat  and 
Indian  corn  to  each  man,  woman,  and  child  in 
the  t.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $2,000 ;  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,000.  3  sch.  88  scholars.  Pop. 
411. 

Volney,  p-t.,  Oswego  co.,  N.  Y.,  152  Albany, 


375  W.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  soil,  sandy 
loam,  well  adapted  to  grass.  Drained  by  Big 
Black  cr.,  flowing  into  Oswego  r.,  which  bounds 
it  on  the  w.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $1 1,200 ;  1  tan- 
nery, 1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$23,000 ;  1  acad.  147  students,  18  sch.  939  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  3,155. 

Voluntown,  p-t.,  Windham  co.,  Ct.,  56  Hart- 
ford, 374  W.  The  surface  is  uneven,  with  some 
Elains ;  soil,  a  light  sandy  and  gravelly  loam, 
►rained  by  Pachaug  r.  and  a  branch  of  Wood  r 
It  contains  1  Congregational  and  1  Baptist  church. 
It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $5,500;  2  cotton  fac.  2,760 
sp.  9  sch.  378  scholars.    Pop.  1,185. 

Volusia,  p-o.,  Westfield  t.,  Chautauque  co., 
N.  Y.,  348  w.  by  s.  Albany,  351  W. 

Volusia,  v.,  Leigh  Read  co.,  Flor.  Situated 
on  the  N.  E.  side  of  St.  John's  r.,  6  ms.  above 
Lake  George.  It  is  a  military  post,  and  has  long 
been  occupied  as  a  plantation.  The  soil  is  fertile 
shell  loam,  rising  into  considerable  eminences. 
A  road  is  open  from  this  place  to  Tampa  Bay. 


w. 


Wabash,  r.,  la.,  rises  in  Darke  co.,  O.,  and 
flowing  into  la.,  pursues  a  n.  w.  course  to  Hun- 
tington co.,  where  it  approaches  the  junction  of 
St.  Joseph's  r.  with  the  St.  Mary's  to  form  Mau- 
mee  r.,  receiving  Little  r.  from  the  N.  e.  at  this 
point.  It  then  crosses  the  state  in  a  w.  and  s. 
w.  direction,  receiving  on  the  s.  side  Salamanic 
and  Missisinewa  rivers,  and  on  the  N.  side  Eel 
and  Tippecanoe  rivers ;  and  a  little  below  Terre 
Haute  it  becomes  the  boundary  between  la.  and 
111.  to  its  entrance  into  the  Ohio,  127  miles  above 
the  Mississippi,  and  68  miles  above  the  mouth  of 
Cumberland  r.  It  is  the  largest  tributary  of  the 
Ohio  on  the  n.  side,  and  probably  the  second  in 
its  whole  course.  It  is  navigable  for  steamboats 
to  La  Fayette,  and,  by  means  of  the  Wabash  and 
Erie  canal,  connects  Lake  Erie  with  the  Ohio  r. 
Wabash,  county,  la.  Situated  centrally  in 
the  n.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  415  sq.  ms. 


Watered  by  Wabash,  Eel,  and  Salamanic  rivers. 
The  surface  and  the  soil  are  various.  Organized 
in  1832.  Capital,  Wabash.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  2,775,  sheep  1,065,  swine  9,468 ;  wheat 
8,705  bushels  produced,  Indian  corn  75,644,  oats 
9,556,  potatoes  14,397,  sugar  20,190;  11  stores, 
capital  $26,190 ;  4  tanneries,  6  grist  m.,  9  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,300.  2  schools  45  scholars. 
Pop.  2,756. 

Wabash,  county,  III.  Situated  toward  the  8. 
e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  180  square  ms. 
Wabash  r.  runs  on  its  e.  and  s.  border,  and  Bon 
Pas  cr.  on  its  w.  border.  Drained  by  Crawfish, 
Jordan,  and  Coffee  creeks.  The  soil  is  generally 
fertile.  Organized  from  Edwards  co.,  in  1824. 
Capital,  Mount  Carrael.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  5,570,  sheep  3,602,  swine  10,392; 
wheat  19,156  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  166,659, 
barley  1,394,  oats  51,002,  potatoes  12,533,  tobacco 


WAG 


688 


WAL 


9,978  pounds,  sugar  2,295 ;  11  stores,  cap.  $50,900 ; 
6  tanneries,  4  distilleries,  1  flouring  m.,  5  grist  m., 
8  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  rnanufac.  $55,200.  2  acad. 
32  students,  2  sch.  60  scholars.     Pop.  4,240. 

Wabash,  p-v.,  capital  of  Wabash  co.,  la.,  93  n. 
by  E.  Indianapolis,  582  W.  Situated  on  the  n. 
side  of  Wabash  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
and  about  125  inhabitants. 

Wabash,  t.,  Adams  co.,  la.    Pop.  206. 

Wabash,  t.,  Fountain  co.,  la.  It  has  170  schol- 
ars in  schools.     Pop.  1,135. 

Wabash,  t.,  Gibson  co.,  la.    Pop.  331. 

Wabash,  t.,  Tippecanoe  co.,  la.  It  has  3  sch. 
85  scholars.    Pop.  1,009. 

Wabash,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  111.,  155  s.  E.  Spring- 
field, 741  W. 

Wabassee,  county,  Mich.  Situated  toward  the 
N.  w.  part  of  the  peninsula,  and  contains  576  sq. 
ms.  Drained  by  Manistee  and  Grand  Traverse 
rivers.    (It  is  unorganized.) 

Wableau,  t.,  Henry  co.,  Mo.  It  has  2  sch.  53 
scholars.     Pop.  886. 

Waccamaw,  p-o.,  Brunswick  co.,  N.  C.,  151  s. 
Raleigh,  436  W. 

Wachusett,  mt.,  Princeton  t.,  Worcester  co., 
Mass.,  is  an  isolated  peak  in  the  n.  part  of  the  t., 
rising  3,000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and 
is  the  highest  land  in  the  state  e.  of  Connecticut 
r.    The  view  from  its  summit  is  extensive,  beau 


tiful,  and  grand,  and  it  is  frequently  visited. 

p-v.,  Russell  co.,  A 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  774  W. 


Wacoochee,  p-v ._,_  Russell  co.,  Ala.,  187  e.  s. 
Situated  n.  of  Wacoo- 
chee r. 

Waconda  Creek,  t,  Carroll  co.,  Mo.  It  has 
1  sch.  26  scholars.    Pop.  1,041. 

Wacousta,  p-v.,  Clinton  co.,  Mich.,  101  n.  w. 
Detroit,  604  W. 

Waddam's  Grove,  p-t.,  Stephenson  co.,  111., 
212  n.  Springfield,  844  W.  It  has  2  sch.  34  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  347. 

Waddington,  p-v.,  Madrid  t.,  St.  Lawrence 
co.,  N.  Y.,  228  n.  n.  w.  Albany,  495  W.  Situa- 
ted on  the  s.  e.  side  of  St.  Lawrence  r.,  opposite 
to  Ogden's  island,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
a  bridge.  Incorporated  in  1839,  and  contains  an 
Episcopal  church,  12  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  paper  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  fur- 
nace, 1  tannery,  90  dwellings,  and  about  600  in- 
habitants. 

Wade's,  p-o.,  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  137  w.  Rich- 
mond, 212  W. 

Wadesborough,  p-v.,  capital  of  Anson  co.,  N. 
C,  143  s.  e.  Raleigh,  412  W.  Situated  on  the  n. 
side  of  Neuse  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
several  stores,  and  about  600  inhabitants. 

Wadesborough,  p-v.,  capital  of  Callaway  co., 
Ky.,  255  s.  w.  Frankfort,  782  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  and  165  inhabitants. 

Wadeville,  p-v.,  Owen  co.,  la.,  47  s.  w.  In- 
dianapolis, 617  W. 

Wadham's  Mills,  p-o.,  Westport  t.,  Essex  co., 
N.  Y.,  131  n.  Albany,  502  W. 

Wading  River,  p-v.,  Riverhead  t.,  Suffolk  co., 
N.  Y.,  215  s.  s.  e.  Albany,  295  W.  Situated  on 
a  small  inlet  of  the  same  name,  about  1  mile  from 
Long  Island  sound.  It  contains  a  church,  a  grist 
m.,  and  about  30  dwellings. 

Wadley's  Falls,  p-v.,  Strafford  co.,  N.  H.,  3( 
e.  Concord,  483  W. 

Wadsworth,  p-t.,  Medina  co.,  O.,  127  n.  n 
e.  Columbus,  342  W.  It  has  3  stores,  capital 
$11,000;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  rnanufac.  $11,085.  1  acad.  73  stu- 
dents, 8  sch.  252  scholars.    Pop.  1,481. 

Wagontown,  p-v.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  62  e.  s.  e 
Harrisburg,  132  W. 


Wahorlock,  p-o.,  Kemper  co.,  Miss.,  130  e. 
n.  E.  Jackson,  891  W. 

Waite,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  229  e.  Au- 
gusta, 815  W. 

Waitsfield,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  19  s. 
vv.  Montpelier,  506  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ; 
soil,  fertile,  particularly  along  the  streams,  where 
are  fine  intervales.  Watered  by  Mad  r.,  and  its 
tributaries,  which  afford  water  power.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches — 1  Congregational,  1  Baptist, 
and  1  Union.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $8,600 ;  2  full- 
ing m.,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
rnanufac.  $8,475.   9  sch.  396  scholars.    Pop.  1,048. 

Wakatomika,  p-o.,  Washington  t.,  Coshocton 
co.,  O.,  75  n.  E.Columbus,  351  W. 

Wake,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the  centre 
of  the  state,  and  contains  1,140  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Neuse  r.  and  its  branches.  Capital,  Raleigh. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  15,248,  sheep 
11,574,  swine  38,883;  wheat  38,379  bushels  pro- 
duced, rye  79,011,  Ind.  corn  535,274,  oats  79,011, 
potatoes  55,965,  rice  550  pounds,  tobacco  54,247, 
cotton  2,391,996 ;  53  stores,  capital  $223,320 ;  67 
distilleries,  2  flouring  m.,  32  grist  m.,  16  saw  m., 
1  paper  fac,  4  printing  offices,  5  weekly  and  1 
semi-weekly  newspapers.  Capital  in  rnanufac. 
$1,514.  1  college  77  students,  13  acad.  283  stu- 
dents, 10  sch.  169  scholars.  Pop.  whites  12,113, 
slaves  7,996,  free  col'd  1,009  ;  total,  21,118. 

Wakefield,  p-t.,  Carroll  co.,  N.  H.,  46  n.  e. 
Concord,  527  W.  Province  pond  is  in  its  n.  ex- 
tremity, and  discharges  its  waters  into  Saco  r. 
Lovell's  pond,  in  the  s.  part  of  the  t.,  is  celebra- 
ted for  a  memorable  battle  with  the  Indians,  in 
1725,  in  which  Capt.  Lovell  and  his  party  were 
destroyed.  The  pond  has  received  the  name  of 
the  unfortunate  commander.  Incorporated  in 
1774.  Salmon  Falls  r.  rises  in  several  ponds  in 
the  t.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $5,500  ;  2  fulling  m., 
1  cotton  fac.  500  sp.,  1  tannery,  4  grist  m.,  5  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  rnanufac.  $8,600.  9  sch.  361  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,396. 

Wakefield,  p-v.,  Kingston  t.,  Washington  co., 
R.  I.,  37  s.  Providence,  393  W.  It  contains  a 
church  and  about  30  inhabitants. 

Wakefield,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  63  n.  n.  w. 
Annapolis,  69  W. 

Wakefield,  p-v.,  Wake  co.,  N.  C,  20  n.  Ra- 
leigh, 278  W. 

Wake  Forest,  p-o.,  Wake  co.,  N.  C,  15  n. 
Raleigh,  273  W. 

Wakeman,  p-t.,  Huron  co.,  O.,  12  e.  Norwalk, 
107  n.  n.  e.  Columbus,  385  W.  It  was  formerly 
called  Jessup,  and  has  6  stores,  cap.  $45,000 ;  5 
commission  houses,  cap.  $23,000 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  2  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  rnanufac  $42,350.  5  sch.  155  scholars. 
Pop.  702. 

Walden,  p-t.,  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  29  n.  e.  Mont- 
pelier, 544  W.  The  head  branches  of  Onion  and 
Lamoille  rivers  rise  here.  Joe's  pond,  in  the  s. 
part,  discharges  its  waters  into  Pasumpsic  river. 
The  surface  is  elevated  and  uneven  ;  soil,  fertile, 
particularly  in  the  N.  w.  part.  It  contains  a 
church,  common  to  several  denominations.  Char- 
tered in  1780;  first  settled  in  1789.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $5,300 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
1  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  rnanufac  $3,050. 
10  sell.  266  scholars.     Pop.  913. 

Walden,  p-v.,  Montgomery  t.,  Orange  co.,  N. 
Y,  90  s.  by  w.  Albany,  292  W.  Situated  on  the 
E.  bank  of  Wallkill  r.,  and  contains  1  church,  3 
stores,  1  woollen  fac,  1  satinet  fac,  1  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.,  70  dwellings,  and  about  400  inhabitants. 

Waldensville,  p-o.,  Schoharie  co.,  N.  Y.,  27 
w.  Albany,  391  W. 

Waldo,  county,  Me.    Centrally  situated  in 


WAL 


689 


WAL 


the  s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  812  sq.  ms 
Bounded  K.  by  Penobscot  r.  and  bay.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  ;  soil,  fertile.  Watered  by  St. 
George  and  Marsh  rivers,  and  branches  of  Sebas- 
ticook  r.  Penobscot  bay  and  river  afford  great 
facilities  for  navigation.  Capital,  Belfast.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  27,826,  sheep  55,318, 
swine  10,451 ;  wheat  78,304  bush,  produced,  rye 
6,740,  Ind.  corn  53,784,  barley  30,103,  oats  84,088, 
potatoes  1,066,424,  >Ugar  4,675  pounds;  196  stores, 
cap.  $368,895;  18  lumber  yards,  cap.  $54,400; 
cap.  invested  in  fisheries,  $72,373 ;  13  fulling  m., 
26  tanneries,  41  grist  m.,  117  saw  m.,  2  printing 
offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$398,437.  4  acad.  1,946  students,  267  sch.  14,740 
scholars.    Pop.  41,509. 

Waldo,  p-t.,  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  7  w.  n.  w.  Bel- 
fast, 47  e.  n.  e.  Augusta,  641  W.  Drained  by 
streams  flowing  into  Belfast  bay,  and  which  af- 
ford water  power.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to 
grain.   It  has  8  saw  m.,  4  sch.  329  scholars.   Pop. 

Waldo,  p-v.,  Moore  co.,  N.  C,  62  s.  w.  Nash- 
ville, 350  W. 

Waldoborough,  p-t.,  and  port  of  entry,  Lin- 
coln co.,  Me.,  30  s.  e.  Augusta,  606  W.  Watered 
by  Muscongus  r.,  which  enters  Muscongus  bay. 
The  bay  bounds  it  on  the  s.  w.  The  surface  is 
gently  uneven ;  soil,  fertile.  Incorporated  in 
1773.  It  has  considerable  navigation  and  ship- 
building, and  contains  22  stores,  cap.  $29,900  ;  3 
fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper,  4  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $113,421.  1  acad.  45  students,  22  sch.  1,168 
scholars.    Pop.  3,661. 

Waldren's  Creek,  p-o.,  Sevier  co.,  Tenn., 
221  e.  Nashville,  502  W. 

Waleasborough,  p-o.,  Emanuel  co.,  Ga.,  84 
s.  e.  Milledgeville,  646  W. 

Wales,  p-t.,  Lincoln  co..  Me.,  23  s.  w.  Augus- 
ta, 582  W.  The  surface  is  level;  soil,  fertile, 
adapted  to  grain.  Drained  by  a  branch  of  An- 
droscoggin r.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,000  ;  1  saw 
m.,  7  sch.  258  scholars.     Pop.  658. 

Wales,  p-t.,  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  74  w.  s.  w. 
Boston,  374  W.  Formerly  called  South  Brim- 
field.  A  branch  of  Quinnebaug  r.  issues  from  a 
considerable  pond  near  its  centre,  and  affords 
water  power.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil, 
adapted  to  grazing.  The  v.  at  the  N.  extremity 
of  the  above  pond,  at  its  outlet,  contains  1  Baptist 
and  one  Methodist  church,  a  woollen  fac,  and 
about  30  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  1  store, 
cap.  $2,000.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,500.  5  sch. 
195  scholars.    Pop.  686. 

Wales,  p-t.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y.,  18  s.  e.  Buffalo, 
272  w.  Albany,  369  W.  The  surface  is  undula- 
ting ;  soil,  gravelly  and  sandy  loam,  with  some 
clay.  Drained  by  Seneca  cr.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $12,000;  1  fulling  ra.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tan- 
nery, 1  pottery,  3  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $17,750.  16  sch.  678  scholars.  Pop. 
1,987. 

Walesville,  v.,  White8town  t.,  Oneida  co., 
N.  Y.  It  contains  1  church,  1  store,  1  woollen 
fac,  2  paper  m.,  1  clothier's  works,  1  grist  m., 
and  a  few  dwellings. 

Walhonding,  r.,  O.,  one  of  the  main  branches 
of  Muskingum  r.,  formed  by  the  junction  of  Mo- 
hiccan  and  Vernon  rivers.  It  receives  Kilbuck 
cr.  from  the  n.,  and  joins  Tuscarawas  r.,  opposite 
to  Coshocton.  It  was  formerly  called  White 
Woman  r. 

Waliionding,  p-o.,  Coshocton  co.,  O.,  76  n.  e. 
Columbus.  355  W. 

Walker,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  ft.  w. 
nart  of  the  state,  and  contains  700  square  miles. 
F  87 


Drained  by  Chattooga  r.,llowing  s.  w.  into  Coosa 
r.,  and  Chickamungn  r.,  Sowing  n.  into  Tennes- 
see r.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  tho  soil,  in 
the  valleys,  fertile.  Crawfish  spring,  12  ms.  n. 
of  the  C.  H.,  affords  water  sufficient,  where  it 
issues  from  the  hill,  to  float  a  small  vessel,  and 
50  yards  from  this  would  float  a  lam  steamboat. 
It  contains  a  large  eavern.  Capital,  La  Fayette. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,896,  thee* 
2,087,  swine  15,012;  wheat  17,363  bush,  pro- 
faced,  rye  1,014,  Ind.  corn  236,494,  oats  16,650, 
Potatoes  6,985,  tobacco  14,468  pounds,  cotton 
/6,307 ;  7  stores,  cap.  $47,000;  2  tanneries,  8  dis- 
lilleries,  8  grist  m.,  14  saw  m.  Cap.  in  rnamrfac. 
SI 3,620.  1  college,  15  students, 9  sch.  172  schol- 
ars. Pop.  whites  5,583,  slaves  946,  free  cold 
43;  total,  6,572. 

Walker,  county,  Ala.  Situated  centrally  to- 
ward the  n.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains 
1,500  sq.  miles.  Drained  by  Sipsey  r.  and  its 
numerous  branches,  a  branch  of  Black  Warrior 
r.  Capital,  Jasper.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  5,943,  sheep  1,493,  swine  12,360 ;  wheat 
5,587  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  128,030,  oats 
7,584,  potatoes  4,767,  rice  1,210  pounds,  tobacco 
4,588,  cotton  110,917;  1  store,  cap.  $3,000 ;  1  tan- 
nery, 1  distillery,  6  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $2,100.  Ill  scholars  in  schools.  Pop. 
whites  3,820,  slaves  211,  free  col'd  1;  total, 
4,032. 

Walker,  p-t.,  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  94  n.  w.  Har- 
risburg,  186  W.  The  surface  is  diversified  ;  soil, 
in  the  valleys,  calcareous  loam.  Drained  by 
Little  Fishing  cr.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $10,500 ; 
1  furnace,  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $6,900.  4  sch.  160  scholars.  Pop. 
1,180. 

Walker's,  p-o.,  Livingston  co.,  Ky.,  257  w. 
s.  w.  Frankfort,  789  W. 

Walker's  Church,  p-o.,  Prince  Edward  co., 
Va.,  86  s.  w.  by  w.  Richmond,  176  W. 

Walker's  Grove,  p-o.,  Mason  co.,  III.,  7  s. 
Macomb. 

Walker's  Mills,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pn., 
208  w.  Harrisburg,  253  W. 

Walkersvillk,  n-v.,  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  81 
N.  w.  Annapolis,  49  W. 

Walkersville,  p-v.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.  C, 
194  s.  w.  by  vv.  Raleigh,  431  W. 

Walkkrtown,  p-v.,  King  and  Queen  co.,  Va., 
40  n.  e.  Riehmond,  128  W.  Situated  on  the  n. 
e.  side  of  Mattapony  r. 

Walkerville,  p-o.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  103 
N.  Harrisburg,  213  W. 

Wallabout,  bay,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Situated 
in  the  n.  e.  part  of  the  city  of  Brooklyn.  The 
United  States  Navy  Yard  is  on  the  s.  side  of  it. 
(See  Brooklyn.)  Here  the  British  prison-ship,  the 
Jersey,  was  moored,  in  the  revolutionary  war, 
on  board  of  which  11,500  American  prisoners 
died,  and  were  buried  on  the  adjoining  beach. 

Wallace,  p-v.,  Jones  co.,  Ga.,  13  s.  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville, 661  W.  Situated  on  the  road  from 
Milledgeville  to  Macon. 

Wallace,  p-v.,  Fountain  co.,  la.,  70  n.  w.  In- 
dianapolis, 63s  W. 

Walled  Lake,  p-o.,  Novi  t.,  Oakland  co.t 
Mich.,  38  ft.  w.  Detroit,  554  W.  The  lake  lies 
on  the  n.  border  of  the  t.,  and  its  outlet  forms  the 
w.  branch  of  Rouge  r. 

Wallingford,  p-t.,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  71  8.  8. 
w.  Montpelier,  452  W.  The  surface  is  uneven, 
and  on  the  e.  part  mountainous  ;  soil,  fertile,  par- 
tieularly  on  the  streams.  Drained  by  Otter 
(  reek  r.,  and  its  branch,  Mill  r.  It  has  several 
ponds,  one  of  which,  in  its  s.  K.  part,  covers  350 
acres.    There  are  4  churches  in  the  t    The  v.  is 


WAL 


690 


WAL 


on  Otter  Creek  in  the  n.  part,  and  contains  sever- 
al stores,  mechanic  shops,  and  dwellings.  There 
are  in  the  t.  6  stores,  cap.  $22,150;  2  tanneries, 
2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,220. 
12  sch.  583  scholars.    Pop.  1,608. 

Wallingford,  p-t.,  New  Haven  co.,  Ct.,  24 
s.  by  w.  Hartford,  313  W.  The  surface  is  un- 
even ;  soil,  generally  fertile.  Drained  by  Quin- 
nipiac  r.,  which  affords  water  power.  The  v.  at 
the  centre  contains  3  churches — 1  Congregation- 
al, 1  Episcopal,  and  1  Baptist.  There  are  two 
other  small  manufacturing  villages,  where  bri- 
tannia,  tin  ware,  and  wood  screws  are  extensive- 
ly manufactured.  The  railroad  from  New  Haven 
to  Hartford  passes  through  the  t.  There  are  in 
the  t.  2  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $43,050.  10  sch.  289 
scholars.    Pop.  2,204. 

Walling's  Creek,  p-o.,  Lee  co.,  Va.,  370  w. 
by  s.  Richmond,  438  W. 

Walker,  t.,  Huntingdon  to.,  Pa.  The  surface 
is  hilly;  soil,  in  the  valleys,  calcareous  loam. 
Bounded  s.  and  e.  by  Raystown  branch  of  Ju- 
niata r.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $13,000 ;  2  tanner- 
ies, 1  distillery,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $5,008.  6  sch.  225  scholars.  Pop. 
1,055. 

Walker,  t.,  Cole  co.,  Mo.  It  has  3  sch.  67 
scholars.    Pop.  1,354. 

Wallkill,  r.,  rises  in  Sussex  co.,  N.  J.,  and 
flowing  n.  n.  e.  into  New  York,  and  passing 
through  Orange  and  Ulster  counties,  after  receiv- 
ing Shawangunk  cr.  on  the  w.  side,  it  unites  with 
Rondout  kill,  on  the  w.  border  of  Esopus.  It  af- 
fords extensive  water  power. 

Wallkill,  t.,  Orange  co.,  N.  Y.,  22  w.  New- 
burgh.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  hilly ; 
soil,  gravelly  and  clay  loam.  Drained  by  Shaw- 
angunk cr.  and  Wallkill  r.  It  contains  Middle- 
town  and  Mechanicsville  villages.  It  has  17 
stores,  cap.  $41,050;  3  lumber  yards,  4  fulling 
m.,  3  woollen  fac,  5  tanneries,  6  distilleries,  1 
pottery,  4  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$80,220.  1  acad.  30  students,  22  sch.  1,01 1  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  4,268. 

Wallonia,  p-v.,  Trigg  co.,  Ky.,  234  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  761  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of 
Muddy  fork  of  Little  r. 

Walloomsack,  r.,  Vt.,  is  formed  by  the  union 
of  several  streams  in  Bennington,  and  flowing  w. 
unites  with  Hoosic  r.,  in  Hoosic  t.,  Rensselaer 
co.,  N.  Y.    It  affords  good  water  power. 

Wallsville,  p-o.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  154  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  260  W. 

Walnut,  creek,  O.,  rises  on  the  borders  of 
Licking  and  Fairfield  counties,  and  flowing  30 
ms.  s.  w.  falls  into  Scioto  r.,  6  ms.  above  Circle- 
ville. 

Walnut,  p-o.,  Juniata  co.,  Pa.,  51  n.  w.  Har- 
risburg, 142  W. 

Walnut,  t.,  Fairfield  co.,  O.  The  Ohio  canal 
passes  through  it.  It  contains  the  villages  of 
New  Salem  and  Millersport.     Pop.  2,096. 

Walnut,  t.,  Gallia  co.,  O.  Organized  in  1819. 
The  natural  growth  was  extensively  walnut.  It 
has  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.    Pop.  636. 

Walnut,  t.,  Holmes  co.,  O.  Watered  by  a 
branch  of  Sugar  cr.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,500; 
1  distillery,  1  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $1,856.    Pop.  1,099. 

Walnut,  t,  Pickaway  co.,  O.  Scioto  river 
bounds  it  on  the  n.  w.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $250 ;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  3  distilleries,  4  grist  m., 
8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,678.  6  sch.  158 
scholars.     Pop.  1,798. 

Walnut,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  la.  It  has  4 
sch.  85  scholars.    Pop.  813. 


Walnut,  t.,  Phillips  co.,  Ark.  It  has  4  grist 
m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,100.    Pop.  510. 

Walnut  Branch,  p-o.,  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  112 
N.  by  w.  Richmond,  56  W. 

Walnut  Camp,  p-o.,  St.  Francis  co.,  Ark.,  130 
E.  Little  Rock,  975  W. 

Walnut  Creek,  p-o.,  Stark  co.,  111.,  Ill  n. 
Springfield,  825  W. 

Walnut  Flat,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  Ky.,  58  s.  s. 
E.  Frankfort,  571  W. 

Walnut  Forest,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Mo.,  150 
s.  s.  w.  Jefferson  City,  1,065  W. 

Walnut  Fork,  p-o.,  Jones  co.,Iowa. 

Walnut  Grove,  p-o.,  Morris  co.,  N.  J.,  58  n. 
Trenton,  230  W. 

Walnut  Grove,  p-o.,  Kanawha  co.,  Va.,  333 
w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  370  W. 

:,  p-o 
n.  w.  Raleigh,  266  W. 

Walnut  Grove,  p-o.,  Spartanburg  dist.,  S. 
C,  106  n.  w.  Columbia,  481  W. 

Walnut  Grove,  p-o.,  Caldwell  co.,  Ky. 

Walnut  Grove,  p-o.,  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn. 

Walnut  Hill,  p-o.,  Lee  co.,  Va..  410  w.  by 
s.  Richmond,  478  W. 

Walnut  Hill,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Ga. 

Walnut  Hill,  p-o.,  Hamilton  co.,  O.,  117  s. 
w.  Columbus,  490  W. 

Walnut  Hill,  p-o.,  Bradley  co.,  Tenn.,  276 
s.  E.  Nashville,  421  W. 

Walnut  Hill,  p-o.,  Lafayette  co.,  Ark. 

Walnut  Hill,  p-o.,  Marion  co.,  111.,  114  s.  s. 
E.  Springfield,  775  W. 

Walnut  Lane,  p-o.,  Surry  co.,  N.  C,  154  w. 
s.  w.  Raleigh,  360  W. 

Walnut  Ridge,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  la.,  86 
s.  Indianapolis,  607  W. 

Walnut  Valley,  p-o.,  Warren  co.,  N.  J.,  70 
n.  Trenton,  225  W. 

Walnut  Valley,  p-o.,  Madison  co.,  Ky. 

Walpack,  p-t.,  Sussex  co.,  N.  J.,  91  N.  N.  w. 
Trenton,  248  W.  One  half  the  surface  is  cover- 
ed by  Blue  mountain,  between  which  and  Dela- 
ware r.  on  its  w.  border,  the  soil  is  a  fertile  cal- 
careous loam  and  alluvion.  Drained  by  Flatkill 
cr.,  which  flows  into  Delaware  r.  It  contains  a 
German  Reformed  church,  and  has  1  store,  cap. 
$3,000 ;  1  tannery,  2  grist  rn.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufactures  $10,075.  4  sch.  120  scholars.  Pop. 
723. 

Walpole,  p-t.,  Cheshire  co.,  N.  H.,  63  s.  w. 
by  w.  Concord,  444  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ; 
soil,  fertile,  particularly  along  Connecticut  river, 
which  bounds  it  on  the  w.  Watered  by  Cold  r. 
Fall  mountain,  towards  its  s.  E.  part,  is  elevated 
750  feet  above  the  level  of  Connecticut  r.  The 
v.  is  pleasantly  situated  at  the  foot  of  this  hill  or 
mountain,  on  an  elevated  plain,  and  contains  a 
Congregational  church,  and  a  considerable  num- 
ber of  dwellings,  many  of  them  large  and  hand- 
some. On  Coldwater  r.,  3  ms.  n.  e.,  is  a  flourish- 
ing manufacturing  v.  Bellows  falls  in  Connecti- 
cut r.,  in  the  n.  w.  part  of  the  t.,  are  a  curiosity. 
(See  Bellows  Falls.)  The  river  is  very  much 
compressed,  and  without  much  perpendicular 
fall,  it  rushes  impetuously  through  a  chasm,  de- 
scending 42  feet  in  the  course  of  half  a  mile.  A 
bridge  here  crosses  the  r.  to  Rockingham,  Vt.,  in 
which  t.  is  the  canal  around  the  falls.  At  the  falls 
in  Walpole  is  a  small  v.,  called  Drewsville.  An- 
other bridge  crosses  from  the  principal  village  to 
Westminster,  Vt.  There  are  in  the  t.  7  stores, 
cap.  $19,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  2  tan- 
neries, 3  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac. 
$80,400.  1  acad.  52  students,  14  sch.  558  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  2,015. 

Walpole,  p-t,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  21  s.  w. 


WAL 


691 


WAR 


•  Boston,  427  W.  The  surface  is  rough ;  soil,  fer- 
tile with  good  cultivation.  Drained  by  Ncponsot 
r.  and  its  branches,  which  afford  water  power. 
Incorporated  in  1721.  It  contains  3  churches— 
2  Congregational  and  1  Methodist  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $12,800;  3  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  the,  3  cot- 
ton fac.  1,138  spindles,  5  sch.  395  scholars.  Pop. 
1,491. 

Walpole  East,  p-o.,  Walpole  t.,  Norfolk  co., 
Mass.,  19  s.  w.  Boston,  426  W. 

Wai.tkiuio rough,  p-v.,  capital  of  Colleton 
dist.,  S.  C,  99  Columbia,  605  W.  Situated  on  a 
branch  of  Ashepoo  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  and  about  500  inhabitants. 

Waltuam,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  Me.  The  soil  is 
fertile,  adapted  to  grain.  It  has  2  saw  m.,  2  sch. 
82  scholars.    Pop.  231. 

Waltuam,  t.,  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  24  s.  Burling- 
ton, 9  n.  w.  Middlebury.  The  surface  is  eleva- 
ted and  uneven ;  soil,  fertile,  particularly  along 
Otter  Creek  r.,  which  bounds  it  on  the  w.  Buck 
mountain,  near  its  centre,  commands  an  extensive 
prospect.    It  has  4  sch.  190  scholars.     Pop.  283. 

Waltuam,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  10  w. 
by  n.  Boston,  430  W.  The  surface  is  level,  or 
moderately  uneven ;  soil,  indifferent,  but  well 
cultivated  and  made  productive.  Drained  by 
Charles  r.,  which  affords  water  power.  It  con- 
tains 6  churches — 2  Congregational,  1  Unitarian, 
1  Methodist,  1  Universalist,  and  1  Roman  Cath- 
olic. The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated  on  a  plain,  on 
1  street  a  mile  long,  and  contains  150  dwellings, 
many  of  them  elegant,  and  beautifully  ornament- 
ed with  trees,  shrubbery,  and  gardens.  Cotton 
and  woollen  manufactures  are  extensive.  There 
are  in  the  t.  11  stores,  cap.  $29,000  ;  3  cotton  fac. 
11,000  sp.,  1  paper  fac,  1  printing  office,  1  week- 
ly newspaper,  2  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$463,500.  2  acad.  36  students,  9  sch.  500  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  2,504. 

Walthamsville,  p-v.,  Liberty  co.,  Ga.,  204 
s.  E.  Milledgeville,  708  VV.  It  contains  a  church, 
an  academy,  and  250  inhabitants,  and  double 
that  number  in  the  summer  season. 

Walton,  county,  Ga.  Situated  n.  of  the  cen- 
tre of  the  state,  and  contains  320  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  the  head  waters  of  Ocmulgee  and  Oconee 
rs.  Capital,  Monroe.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  3,599,  sheep  1,579,  swine  11,703;  wheat 
18,658  bush,  produced,  Indian  corn  171,495,  oats 
18,560,  potatoes  2,900,  cotton  627,750  pounds  ;  8 
stores,  cap.  $3,250 ;  3  tanneries,  7  distilleries,  12 
grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Pop.  whiles  6,583,  slaves 
3,625,  free  col'd  1 ;  total,  10,209. 

Walton,  county,  Flor.  Situated  in  the  w. 
part  of  the  territory,  and  contains  1,584  sq.  miles. 
Choctawhatchee  river  bounds  it  on  the  e.,  and 
Choctawhatchee  bay  on  the  s.  Drained  by  Yel- 
low Water  r.,  and  Shoal  r.  and  its  branches,  and 
White,  Alequa,  and  other  crs.  The  last  is  navi- 
gable 15  ms.  from  the  bay.  It  has  fertile  land, 
particularly  in  the  N.  part.  Capital,  Euchee 
Anna.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,952, 
sheep  386,  swine  3,959 ;  Ind.  corn  25,048  bush. 
produced,  potatoes  6,902,  cotton  52, 122  pounds ;  4 
store8,cap.  $7,000;  6  grist  m.,7sch.  131  scholars. 
Pop  whites  1,189,  slaves  231,  free  col'd  41 ;  total, 
1,401 

Walton,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.,  N.  Y.,  97  s.  w. 
Albany,  321  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  moun- 
tainous ;  soil,  adapted  to  grazing.  Drained  by 
the  w.  branch  of  Delaware  r.  and  its  tributaries. 
The  v.  is  situated  on  Delaware  r.,  and  contains  1 
Presbyterian  and  1  Episcopal  church,  6  stores,  1 
grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  clothier's  works,  1  tannery, 
60  dwellings,  and  about  350  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.  4  stores,  cap.  $13,119 ;  1  fulling  ra., 


1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $5,600.     17  sch.  80S  scholars.     Pop.  1,816. 

Walton,  p-o.,  Boone  co.,  Kv. 

Walton,  p-t.,  Baton  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  116. 

Waltonham,  p-v.,  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  9  n.  w. 
St.  Louis,  121  e.  by  n.  Jefferson  City,  817  W. 
It  contains  about  50  inhabitants. 

Walworth,  county,  Wis.  Situated  in  the  a. 
E.  part  of  tho  territory,  and  contains  67.')  sq.  miles. 
The  surface  is  level,  consisting  of  Umbered  and 
prairie  land;  soil,  very  fertile.  Drained  by  Tur- 
tle r.  and  its  branches,  and  by  branches  of  Fox  r., 
one  of  which  issues  from  (Geneva  lake  in  its  s. 
part.  Capital,  Delavan.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  2,861,  sheep  410,  swine  6,380  ;  wheat 
59,560  bush,  produced,  barley  1,499,  oats  35,155, 
potatoes,  14,410,  sugar  13,050  pounds ;  1  store, 
capital  $2,500 ;  1  distillery,  3  grist  m.,  7  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $33,005.  4  sch.  107  scholars. 
Pop.  2,611. 

Walworth,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  N.  Y.,  18  n.  w. 
Lyons,  205  w.  Albany,  362  W.  The  surface  is 
rolling ;  soil,  a  fertile  gravelly  loam.  Drained  in 
the  n.  part  by  streams  flowing  into  Lake  Ontario, 
and  in  the  s.  by  tributaries  of  Mud  cr.,  a  branch 
of  Clyde  river.  The  v.  contains  1  Baptist  and  1 
Methodist  church,  3  stores,  1  tannery,  25  dwell- 
ings, and  about  150  inhabitants.  There  are  in 
the  t.  3  stores,  cap.  $14,500;  2  tanneries,  2  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,853.  9  sch.  336  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,734. 

Walworth,  p-t.,  Walworth  co.,  Wis.,  69  s.  E. 
Madison,  778  W.     Pop.  226. 

Wamp8ville,  p-v.,  Lenox  t.,  Madison  co.,  N. 
Y.,  117  w.  Albany,  362  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Cowasalon  cr.,  and  contains  1  Presbyte- 
rian church,  4  stores,  and  about  40  dwellings. 

Wantage,  t.,  Sussex  co.,  N.  J.  Bounded  n. 
by  the  state  of  New  York.  The  surface  is  roll- 
ing on  the  e.,  mountainous  and  hilly  on  the  w. ; 
soil,  a  fertile  calcareous  loam.  Drained  by  Deep 
Clove  river  and  Papakating  cr.,  which  unite  and 
flow  into  Wallkill  river.  Along  the  Wallkill  is  a 
margin  of  swamp,  known  as  the  Drowned  Lands. 
It  has  11  stores,  capital  $44,270;  1  lumber  yard, 
cap.  $2,200 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  5  distiller- 
ies, 10  grist  m.,  8*aw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$73,925.  1  acad.  26  students,  22  sch.  573  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  3,908. 

Wapahkonetta,  p-v.,  Allen  co.,  O.,  101  n.  w. 
Columbus,  484  W.  It  was  formerly  near  the  cen- 
tre of  a  large  Indian  reservation  of  the  Shawnee 
tribe,  but  their  title  has  been  extinguished,  and 
they  have  removed.  It  is  now  settled  entirely 
by  the  whites,  and  contains  alxmt  110  inhab- 
itants. 

Wappelo,  p-v.,  capital  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa. 
Handsomely  located  on  the  site  of  Wappelo  Vil- 
lage. A  chief  of  the  Fox  Indians,  of  that  name, 
resided  here  until  the  summer  of  1836.  It  is  re- 
gularly laid  out  with  streets  and  squares,  and 
contains  a  court  house,  and  a  number  of  neat 
dwellings. 

Wappingers,  creek,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Dutchess 
co.,  and  enters  Hudson  r.  below  the  v.  of  New 
Hamburgh.    It  affords  good  water  power. 

Wappingers  Creek,  p-o.,  Fishkiil  t.,  Dutchess 
co.,  N.  Y.,  78  s.  Albany,  294  W. 

Ward,  t.,  Athens  co.,  O.  It  has  5  saw  mills. 
Capital  in  manufac.  $2,600.  1  sch.  17  scholars. 
Poo.  345. 

Ward,  t.,  Randolph  co.,  la.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $5,300 ;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  4 
sch.  110  scholars.    Pop.  1,138. 

Wardensville,  p-o.,  Hardy  co.,  Va.,  177  n. 
w.  Richmond,  105  W. 

Wardsborough,  p-t,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  15  h 


WAR 


692 


WAR 


w.  Brattleboro',  120  s.  by  w.  Montpelier,  447  W. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  and  in  some  parts  rough ; 
soil,  adapted  to  grazing.  Drained  by  a  branch 
of  West  r.,  which  affords  water  power.  Char- 
tered in  1780.  It  contains  a  Congregational  and 
a  Baptist  church.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $8,000 ;  1 
fulling  m.,  1  cotton  fac.  60  sp.,  3  tanneries,  3  grist 
m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,750.  7  sch. 
386  scholars.     Pop.  1,102. 

Ward's  Bridge,  p-o.,  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  142 
s.  w.  Richmond,  220  W. 

Ware,  river,  Mass.,  rises  in  Worcester  co.,  and 
enters  Chickapee  r.  on  the  line  of  Hampshire  and 
Hampden  counties.    It  affords  good  water  power. 

War  Eagle,  t.,  Madison  co.,  Ark.  It  has  2 
tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$15,130.     1  sch.  23  scholars.     Pop.  758. 

Ware,  county,  Ga.  Situated  m  the  s.  toward 
the  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  3,440  square 
miles.  Drained  by  Santilla  r.  and  its  branches, 
in  the  n.,  and  by  the  head  waters  of  Suwanne  r. 
in  the  s.  part.  Okefinoke  swamp  occupies  its  s. 
E.  part.  This  great  marshy  lake  is  about  280  ms. 
in  circumference,  and  extends  into  Florida.  In 
wet  seasons  it  appears  like  an  inland  sea,  with 
several  fertile  islands.  St.  Mary's  r.  rises  in  this 
swamp.  The  surface  of  the  county  is  level ; 
soil,  fertile,  but  much  of  it  is  exposed  to  inunda- 
tion. Capital,  Waresboro'.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  20,918,  sheep  392,  swine  12,269; 
wheat  893  bush,  produced,  oats  18,658,  potatoes 
2,900,  cotton  627,750  pounds,  sugar  11,935 ;  9  grist 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,700.  1  college,  13  sch. 
478  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,189,  slaves  132,  free 
col'd  2 ;  total,  2,323. 

Ware,  p-t.,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  22  e.  by  s. 
Northampton,  68  w.  by  s.  Boston,  385  W.  The 
surface  is  hilly  and  rough ;  soil,  well  adapted  to 
grazing.  Swift  r.  bounds  it  on  the  w.  Watered 
by  Ware  r.,  which  affords  good  water  power. 
It  contains  2  Congregational  churches.  The  v. 
is  pleasantly  situated  in  the  e.  part  of  the  t.,  on 
Ware  r.,  at  the  falls,  and  contains  a  Congrega- 
tional church,  a  bank,  various  manufacturing 
establishments,  and  about  1,500  inhabitants. 
There  are  in  the  t.  6  stores,  cap.  $8,000  ;  1  cot- 
ton lac.  350  sp.,  2  grist  m.,  4.  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $147,300.  14  sch.  611  scholars.  Pop. 
1,890. 

Wareham,  p-t.,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  53  s.  s. 
E.  Boston,  446  W.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil, 
light  and  sandy.  Bounded  s.  by  the  head  of 
Buzzard's  bay.  Watered  by  Agawon  r.,  and 
fine  mill  streams  which  flow  into  the  bay.  The 
v.  at  the  head  of  the  bay  contains  a  Congrega- 
tional and  a  Methodist  church,  a  bank,  and  a 
considerable  number  of  dwellings.  Vessels  of 
150  or  200  tons  come  to  its  wharves.  There 
are  in  the  t.  8  stores,  cap.  $28,000 ;  1  lumber 
yard,  cap.  $1,000;  1  cotton  fac.  600  sp.,  1  tan- 
nery, 1  paper  fac,  4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $212,600;  5  sch.  138  scholars.  Pop. 
2,002. 

Warehouse  Point,  p-v.,  East  Windsor  t., 
Hartford  co.,  Ct.,  14  n.  by  e.  Hartford,  349  W. 
It  lies  in  the  N.  w.  part  of  the  t.,  on  the  e.  side  of 
Connecticut  r.,  and  has  2  churches — 1  Episcopal 
and  1  Methodist. 

Waresborough,p-v.,  capital  of  Ware  co.,  Ga., 
75  n.  w.  St.  Mary's,  212  s.  s.  e.  Milledgeville, 
811  W.  Situated  a  little  s.  of  Santilla  r.,  and 
contains  a  court  house  and  about  50  inhabitants. 

Warfieldburg,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  56  n. 
n.  w.  Annapolis,  61  W.  Situated  a  few  miles 
s.  w.  of  Westminster,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Warfordsburg,  p-v.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  85  s. 
w.  Harrisburg,  100  W. 


Warlick's  Store,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.  C.» 
185  w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  422  W. 

Warminster,  t.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  17  n.  Phila- 
delphia, 8  s.  e.  Doylestown.  The  surface  is 
hilly ;  soil,  gravel  and  sandy  loam.  Drained  by 
branches  of  Pennypack  cr.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$13,000:  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,300. 
4  sch.  88  scholars.    Pop.  934. 

Warminster,  p-v.,  Nelson  co.,  Va.  Situated 
on  the  n.  side  of  James  r.  It  contains  2  stores,  a 
masonic  hall,  used  as  a  church,  and  about  30  in- 
habitants, nearly  half  of  whom  are  colored.  It 
was  formerly  more  flourishing  than  at  present. 

Warm  Springs,  p-v.,  Buncombe  co.,  N.  C,  34 
N.  N.  w.  Ashville,  291  w.  Raleigh,  462  W.  Situ- 
ated near  French  Broad  r.  The  springs  contain 
valuable  medicinal  properties. 

Warm  Springs,  p-v.,  Meriwether  co.,  Ga., 
110  w.  by  s.  Milledgeville,  732  W.  Situated 
near  the  head  of  a  branch  of  Flint  r. 

Warner,  p-t.,  Merrimac  co.,  N.  H.,  17  w.  N. 
w.  Concord,  481  W.  Drained  by  Warner  river, 
which  flows  into  Contoocook  r.  The  surface  is 
uneven  and  broken;  soil,  generally  fertile, 
adapted  to  grazing.  Incorporated  in  1774.  It 
has  5  stores,  cap.  $8,500;  2  tanneries,  1  paper 
fac,  3  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$38,650.  23  schools  561  scholars.  Population 
2,139. 

Warren,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  in  the  e., 
toward  the  N.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  912 
sq.  ms.  Lake  George  lies  on  its  e.,  and  extends 
into  its  s.  E.  part.  There  are  several  other  lakes. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  mountainous,  and  broken. 
Drained  by  Hudson  r.  and  Schroon  branch, 
which  here  unite.  Iron  ore  is  abundant,  and 
marl  has  been  found  in  Queen  sbury  t.  The  coun- 
try is  in  a  great  measure  a  wilderness.  Capital, 
Caldwell.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
9,826,  sheep  22,775,  swine  8,053 ;  wheat  12,961 
bushels  produced,  rye  17,567,  Indian  corn  63,476, 
buckwheat  24,647,  barley  1,201,  oats  103,733, 
potatoes  221,134,  sugar  43,821  pounds;  48  stores, 
cap.  $110,000;  7  fulling  m„  1  woollen  fac,  9 
tanneries,  2  powder  m.,  14  grist  m.,  99  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $121,960.  104  sch.  4,119  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  13,422. 

Warren,  county,  N.  J.  Situated  in  the  w. 
toward  the  n.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  350 
sq.  ms.  Bounded  w.  by  Delaware  r.  Drained 
by  Paulinskill,  Pequest,  and  Pohatcong  rivers. 
Organized  in  1824.  The  surface  is  uneven. 
Musconetcong  or  Schooley's  mountain  bounds  it 
on  the  s.  e.  Capital,  Belvidere.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  12,718,  sheep  19,599,  swine 
22,517;  wheat  124,726  bushels  produced,  rye 
184,877,  Indian  corn  311,955,  buckwheat  108,300, 
oats  173,602,  potatoes  142,662 ;  53  stores,  cap. 
$207,900 ;  1  furnace,  1  cotton  fac.  216  sp.,  9  tan- 
neries, 2  distilleries,  1  brewery,  21  flouring  m., 
35  grist  m.,  24  saw  m.,  4  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac $470,160.  92  sch.  5,533  scholars.  Pop. 
20,366. 

Warren,  county,  Pa.  Situated  in  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  832  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  undulating ;  soil,  moderately  fertile 
Drained  by  Alleghany  r.  and  its  tributaries,  Cone- 
wango,  Broken  Straw,  and  other  creeks.  The 
surface  is  broken;  soil,  in  some  parts,  fertile. 
Capital,  Warren.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 8,340,  sheep  13,081,  swine  6,334;  wheat 
30,280  bush,  produced,  rye  6,247,  Indian  corn 
37,228,  buckwheat  13,570,  barley  1,341,  oats 
64,890,  potatoes  147,274,  sugar  91,318  pounds; 
23  stores,  cap.  $65,750 ;  5  fulling  m.,  3  furnaces, 
6  tanneries,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspa- 
pers, 2  flouring  m.,  16  grist  m.,  123  saw  m.    Cap. 


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693 


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in  manufac.  $313,172.  1  acad.  50  students,  82 
sen.  2,074  scholars.     Pop.  9,278. 

Warrkn,  county,  Va.  Situated  m  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  200  sq.  ms.  The  She- 
nandoah  r.  passes  centrally  through  it.  Capital, 
Front  Royal.  There  wen-  in  1810,  neat  cattle 
5,421,  sheep  7,289,  swine  12,969;  wlieat  148,372 
bush,  produced,  rye  17,390,  Ind.  corn  219,320, 
buckwheat  4,881,  oats  57,644,  potatoes  16,325: 
ll  stores,  cap.  $83,000;  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries, 
8  distilleries,  13  flouring  m.,  20  grist  m.,  12  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  mamd'ao.  §115,020.  1  aea.l.  14  stu- 
dents, 6  sch.  220  scholars.  Top.  whites  3,851, 
slaves  1,434,  free  eol'd  342  ;  total,  5,627. 

Warren,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  391  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  elevated;  soil,  fertile.  Drained  by 
Roanoke  r.  and  its  branches  in  the  N.  part,  and 
Fishing  cr.  and  its  branches  in  the  s.  part.  Capi- 
tal Warrenton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
11,100,  sheep  7,860,  swine  30,856  ;  wheat  25,551 
bush,  produced,  rye  888,  Ind.  corn  3i)5,351,  oats 


Capital,  Bowling  Green.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  34JW3,  sheep  21,729,  awine  52,329; 

wheat  80,180  hush,  produced,  rye  1.976,  Indian 
corn  715,566,  oats  183,210,  potatoes  1&576,  tobac- 
co 1,029,890  pounds;  1  commission  houso,  cap. 
$15,000;  20  stores,  cap.  $316,200;  12  tanneries, 
23  distilleries,  7  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1  printing 
office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufce. 
$37,665.  1  acad.  30  students,  4  tch.  125  s<  li<>- 
lars.  Pop.  whites  11,078,  slaves  4,207,  free  col'd 
161 ;  total,  15,4  16. 

Warren,  county,  O.  Situated  toward  the  a. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  400  sq.  ms. 
Great  Miami  r.  crosses  its  n.  w.  corner.  Drained 
by  Little  Miami  r.  and  its  branches.  The  Miamis 
afford  water  power,  and  are  beatable  in  high  wa- 
ter. It  contains  some  remarkable  ancient  mounds. 
The  land  is  some  of  the  most  fertile  portion  of  the 
Miami  valley.  Capital,  Lebanon.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  21,368,  sheep  33,031,  swine 
56,847 ;  wheat  248,665  bush,  produced,  rye  7,750, 
Ind.  com  1,231,321,  barley  7,754,  oats  327,314, 


80  113  potatoes  24,730,  tobacco  3,574,296  pounds,  potatoes  44,912,  sugar  187,295  pounds  ;  80  stores, 
cotton  380,954:  10  stores,  cap.  $49,800;  4  flour- 1  cap.  $170,600;  4  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  13 
ing  m  26  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  j  tanneries,  1  distillery,  4  potteries,  5  flouring  m., 
weeklv  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $49,150. 1 22  grist  m.,  19  saw  m.,  2  paper  fac.  Cap.  in 
3  acad  71  students,  10  sch.  182  scholars.  Pop.  j  manufac.  $236,461.  69  sch.  5,356  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  4,400,  slaves  8,200,  free  col'd  329;  total,  23,141 
12,919. 

Warren,  county,  Ga.  Situated  toward  the  E. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  560  sq.  ms.  Ogee- 
chee  r.  bounds  it  on  the  s.  w.,  and  Little  r.  on  the 
N.,  by  branches  of  which  and  of  Brier  cr.  it  is 
drained.  The  Ga.  raiiroad  passes  through  it. 
Capital,  Warrenton.  There  were  in  1810,  neat 
cattle  6,319,  sheep  4,505,  swine  17,254;  wheat 
13,351  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  268,320,  oats 
6,860,  potatoes  5,892,  cotton  262,555  pounds ;  If 


Warren,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  350  sq.  ms.  Organ- 
ized in  1828.  Watered  by  Wabash  r.  and  its 
branches.  The  surface  is  level,  one  third  of  it 
prairie ;  soil,  fertile.  The  Wabash  is  navigable 
for  steamboats,  and  its  tributaries  afford  good 
water  power.  Capital,  Williamsport.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,963,  sheep  9,515, 
swine  15,851 ;  wheat  32,198  bush,  produced,  rye 
1,447,  Ind.  corn  414,046,  oats  89,955,  potatoes 


cap.  $100,050;  2  cotton  fac.   1,123  sp.,  4 ;  15,543,  tobacco  830  pounds,  sugar  8,200 ;  8  stores, 
\z  m,  5  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  1  acad.  75  stu-  cap.  $25,000;  6  tannenes,  1  distillery,  1  flouring 


in  manufactures 


stores 

flouring  m.,  5  grist  m.,  . 

dents  5  sch.  147  scholars.    Pop.  whites  5,176, ;  ra.,  4  grist  m.,  19  saw  m.    Cap 

slaves  4,536,  free  col'd  77 ;  total,  9,789.  ;  $30,193.    8  sch.  185  scholars      Pop.  5,6o6. 

Warrev,  county,  Miss.  Situated  in  the  w.  Warren,  county,  I  I.  Situated  in  the  wto- 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  6(H)  sq.  ms.  Big  ward  the  n.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  900 
Black  r.  bounds  it  on  the  s.  E.,  and  Mississippi  r.  sq.  ms.  Formed  in  1825,  organized  in ,1830 
on  the  w.  Watered  by  Yazoo  r.,  and  by  branches '  Mississippi  r.  bounds  it  on  the  w.  Drained  by 
of  Bi«r  Black  r  The  surface  on  the  e.  is  hilly  Henderson  r.  and  its  branches,  and  by  L  hson, 
and  broken,  on  the  bottoms  of  the  Mississippi, ;  Honey,  and  Camp  creeks  The  surface  is  level ; 
liable  to  submersion;  soil,  extensively  very  fer-!  soil,  very  fertile,  particularly  on  the  streams, 
tile  The  Vicksburg  and  Brandon  railroad  passes  On  the  Mississippi  it  is  liable  to  «" Emersion 
through  it.  Capital,  Vicksburg.  There  were  in  Cap  tal  Monmouth.  There  were  in  1840 ^ neat 
1840  neat  cat  le  22.648,  sheep  3,812,  swine  cattle  9,769,  sheep  7  141,  swine  23,682;  wheat 
25  890  Ind  corn  543  140  bush  produced,  oats '  75,243  bush,  produced,  rye  4,120,  Indian  corn 
32J19  pomtoe ^62,320,'cotton  16,049,200  pounds ;  293,843,  barley  1,394,  oats  97,400,  potatoes  21,884, 
^co4S8^hoMeWcap.$167>00;  112  stores,  sugar  22,619  pounds;  3  communon  houses  cap. 
10  saw  m.    Cap  :"  ™.™A*tm2 '  <" (M) :  10  stores,  can.  $29,501     I  tannery,  1  dis- 


$188,310.  ¥acad.  184'studente,  7  sch.  176  scho- 1  tillery,  3 1  flouringjn.,  4  grist  m.,  20  saw  ra.    Cap. 


cap.  $167,350 

l^rf  Top.  IE  STEAMS  fre"e  cofd  fn'^anufac.  $79;37o;    ft  sch.  569  scholars.   Pop 

104;  total,  15,820.  * 

Warren,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  near  the 
middle  of  the  state,  and  contains  960  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Collins  r.  and  its  branches,  which 
flow  into  the  Caney  Fork  of  Cumberland  r.  Cap- 


ital, McMinnville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  11,107,  sheep  9,722,  swine  10,141;  wheat 
53  347  bush,  produced,  rye  3,835,  Indian  corn 
468,085,  oats  108,117,  potatoes  12,012,  cotton  4,384 
pounds;  5  stores,  cap.  $24,500;  5  tanneries,  6 
distilleries,  1  powder  ra.,  10  grist  m.,  4  saw  m., 
1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in 
mnufac  $12,065.    28  sch.  1,161  scholars.    Pop 


,349,  free  col'd  88 ;  total, 


manufac.  $12 
whites  9,366,  slaves 
10  803 

Warren,  county,  Ky.  Situated  s.  w.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  612  sq.  ms 
Drained  by  Big  Barren  r.  and  its  branches,  which 
flow  into  Green  r.,  which  bounds  it  on  the  n. 


6,739. 

Warren,  county,  Mo.  Situated  toward  the 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  350  sq.  ms. 
Bounded  a.  w.  by  Missouri  r.,  by  small  branches 
of  which  it  is  drained.  The  surface  is  various ; 
soil,  on  the  bottoms,  very  fertile.  Capital,  War- 
renton. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  4,626, 
sheep  3,983,  swine  10,950;  wheat  13,693  bush, 
produced,  Ind.  corn  132,345,  oats  21,185,  potatoes 
6,526,  tobacco  33S,4O0  pounds,  sugar  4,562;  27 
stores,  cap.  $41,200;  1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  5 
grist  m.,  6  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$12,575.  5  sch.  104  scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,555, 
slaves  696,  free  col'd  2;  total,  4,253. 

Warren,  p-t.,  one  of  the  capitals  of  Lincoln 
co.,  Me.,  37  s.  e.  Augusta,  613  W.  Watered  by 
St.  George  r.,  which  affords  water  power,  and 
is  navigable  for  sloops.  It  contains  several  ponds. 
Incorporated  in  1776.    The  v.  contains  a  court 


WAR 


694 


WAR 


house,  an  academy,  and  a  number  of  neat  dwell- 
ings. There  are  in  the  t.  14  stores,  cap.  $23,000 ; 
2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $3,675.  1  acad.  80  students,  19  sch.  853 
scholars.     Pop.  2,228. 

Warren,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  60  n.  n.  w. 
Concord,  522  W.  Watered  by  Bakers  r.,  which 
affords  water  power.  A  pond  in  its  n.  e.  part 
flows  into  Pemigewasset  r.  Carr's  mountain  is 
in  its  s.  E.  part.  Chartered  in  1763.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $1,500;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist 
m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,330.  8  sch. 
277  scholars.     Pop.  939. 

Warren,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  31  s.  e. 
Burlington,  25  s.  w.  Montpelier,  500  W.  Drained 
by  Mud  r.,  a  branch  of  Onion  or  Winooski  r., 
which  affords  water  power.  The  surface  is  not 
very  uneven,  but  it  lies  between  2  ranges  of  the 
Green  mountains.  Chartered  in  1789,  first  settled 
in  1797.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $5,000 ;  2  fulling 
m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,750.  8  sch.  253  scholars. 
Pop.  943. 

Warren,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  66  w.  s. 
w.  Boston,  385  W.  Incorporated  by  the  name 
of  Western  in  1741,  received  the  name  of  War- 
ren in  1834.  Drained  by  Chickapee  r.,  which 
affords  good  water  power.  The  surface  is  hilly  ! 
and  rough ;  soil,  productive,  adapted  to  grain  and  j 
to  grazing.  The  v.  is  on  Chickapee  r.,  and  con- 1 
tains  a  Congregational  and  a  Universalist  church,  j 
several  manufactories,  and  a  number  of  dwell-  i 
ings.  The  Worcester  and  Springfield  railroad 
passes  through  it  across  the  t.  along  the  r.  Iron 
ore  is  found.  There  are  in  the  t.  6  stores,  cap. 
$14,400 ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  3  cotton 
fac.  5,500  sp.,  1  forge,  3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $22,700.  10  sch.  373  scholars.  Pop. 
1,290. 

Warren,  p-t.,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct.,  8  w.  Litch- 1 
field,  48  w.  Hartford,  321  W.  Watered  by  | 
Shepaug  r.,  a  branch  of  Housatonic  r.  Raumaug ; 
pond  lies  on  its  s.  border.  The  surface  is  hilly  j 
and  mountainous ;  soil,  gravelly  loam,  adapted  I 
to  grazing.  It  contains  a  Congregational  and  a 
Baptist  church.  Incorporated  in  1786.  It  has  j 
2  stores,  cap.  $6,000  ;  2  forges,  1  tannery,  2  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.,  1  acad.  17  students,  7  sch.  257 
scholars.    Pop.  872. 

Warren,  p-t.,  Bristol  co.,  R.  I.,  14  s.  e.  Pro- 
vidence, 414  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of 
INarraganset  bay.  The  surface  is  undulating ; 
soil,  a  fertile  mold.  The  v.  is  pleasantly  situa- 
ted in  the  s.  e.  part  of  the  t.  on  elevated  ground, 
and  has  a  good  harbor,  ad  nutting  vessels  of  300 
tons.  There  are  13  wharves  with  convenient 
storehouses.  It  contains  2  churches — 1  Baptist 
and  1  Methodist — an  academy,  a  bank,  and 
about  200  dwellings.  It  has  considerable  ship- 
building. Incorporated  in  1746.  There  are  in 
the  t.  7  commercial  and  com.  houses,  cap. 
$184,000;  22  stores,  cap.  $60,500;  4  acad.  270 
students,  7  sch.  195  scholars.    Pop.  2,437. 

Warren,  p-t.,  Herkimer  co.,  N.  Y.,  64  n.  w. 
Albany,  375  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  sandy 
and  clay  loam,  well  adapted  to  grazing  and  to 
grain.  Drained  by  Nowadaga  cr.,  flowing  into 
Mohawk  r.  Little  Lake  v.  is  in  its  s.  part.  It 
has  7  stores,  cap.  $18,400 ;  3  fulling  m.,  2  woollen 
fac.  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $31,395.  10  sch.  495  scholars.  Pop. 
2,003. 

Warren,  t.,  Somerset  co.,  N.  J.,  6  n.  e.  Somer- 
ville.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  mountainous ; 
soil,  stiff  clay  and  sandy  loam.  Watered  by 
Middle  Brook.  It  contains  copper  ore,  and  some 
gold  has  been  found.    It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $3,000 ; 


4  distilleries,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu 
fac.  $17,000.     4  sch.  85  scholars.     Pop.  1,601. 

Warren,  p-b.,  capital  of  Warren  co.,  Pa.,  205 
N.  w.  Harrisburg,  297  W.  Situated  on  the  N. 
side  of  Alleghany  r.,  at  the  junction  of  Conewan- 
go  cr.  The  streets  cross  each  other  at  right 
angles,  dividing  the  whole  into  16  blocks,  with 
500  lots,  one  third  of  an  acre  each.  Near  the 
centre,  at  the  intersection  of  2  streets  100  feet 
wide  each,  is  a  public  ground  of  4  lots,  each  con- 
taining 1  acre  for  public  buildings.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  fire-proof  county  offices  of  stone, 
an  academy,  5  stores,  a  bank,  3  churches,  2 
tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  and  about  100 
dwellings.  The  bank  of  the  r.  is  here  35  feet 
high,  commanding  a  fine  view  of  the  stream 
above  and  below  the  v.  It  has  14  stores,  cap. 
$12,500;  1  fulling  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
newspapers,  1  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $24,000.  1  acad.  50  students, 
3  sch.  90  scholars.     Pop.  737. 

Warren,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  21  s.  w.  Cham- 
bersburg.  The  surface  is  mountainous ;  soil, 
calcareous  loam  and  slate.  Drained  by  Little 
Cove  cr.,  a  branch  of  Licking  cr.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $1,600  ;  1  furnace,  1  forge,  1  tannery.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $1,000.  2  sch.  85  scholars.  Pop. 
662. 

Warren,  t.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  17  n.  e.  To- 
wanda.  The  surface  is  hilly;  soil,  gravelly 
loam.  Drained  by  Wepasening  cr.  and  its 
branches,  flowing  into  Susquehanna  r.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $5,000  ;  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac  $2,350.  10  sch.  415  scholars.  Pop. 
1,308. 

Warren,  p-v.,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  45  n.  An- 
napolis, 55  W. 

Warren,  p-v.,  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  79  n.  w. 
by  w.  Richmond,  145  W.  Situated  on  the  n. 
bank  of  James  r.,  at  the  mouth  of  Ballenger's  cr. 
It  contains  1  free  church,  2  stores,  and  about  60 
inhabitants. 

Warren,  p-t.,  capital  of  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  163 
N.  E.  Columbus,  303  W.  Situated  on  Mahoning 
r.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio  canal.  The 
town  plat  is  1  m.  square,  with  streets  crossing 
each  other  at  right  angles,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  county  offices,  3  churches,  16  stores, 
various  mechanic  shops,  2  printing  offices,  200 
dwellings,  and  about  1,500  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.  12  sch.  640  scholars.     Pop.  1,996. 

Warren,  t.,  Belmont  co.,  O.  The  surface  is 
rolling ;  soil,  fertile,  adapted  to  wheat,  Indian 
corn,  and  tobacco.  Drained  by  head  branches 
Captina  and  Stillwater  creeks,  which  afford  wa- 
ter power.  It  contains  Barnsville  v.,  2  ms.  w. 
of  which  is  a  remarkable  ancient  fortification, 
enclosing  4  or  5  acres,  in  a  circular  form,  with 
walls  at  present  not  more  than  from  3  to  6  feet 
high,  and  15  broad  at  the  base,  on  and  within 
which  are  trees,  as  large  as  those  of  the  neigh- 
boring forest.  There  are  2  gate-ways  exactly 
opposite  to  each  other  on  opposite  sides  of  the 
fort.  There  are  in  the  t.  1  acad.  14  students,  4 
sch.  112  scholars.    Pop.  2,408. 

Warren,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  O.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $18,000;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $3,000  ;  1  tan- 
nery, 4  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1  oil  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac  $17,600.  5  sch.  250  scholars. 
Pop.  1,945. 

Warren,  t.,  Tuscarawas  co.,  O.  It  has  5 
stores,  cap.  $2,600  ;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,700.  10  sch.  402  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,173. 

Warren,  t.,  Washington  co.,  O.  Situated  on 
Ohio  r.,  4  ms.  below  Marietta.  It  has  fine  farms, 
and  produces  good  fruit.    It  contains  sandstone, 


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from  which  grindstones  are  manufactured 
has  8  ech.  245  scholars.     Pop.  931. 

Warren,  t.,  Macomb  co.,  Mich.  It  1ms  2  sch. 
41  scholars.     Pop.  337. 

Warren,  p-v.,  Bibb  co.,  Ga.,  43  s.  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  699  W. 

Warren,  p-v.,  Huntington  co.,  la.,  123  n.  n. 
e.  Indianapolis,  598  W.  It  contains  about  50  in- 
habitants. 

Warren,  t.,  Marion  co.,  la.  It  has  9  stores, 
cap.  $14,800  ;  1  cotton  fac.  500  sp.,  2  tanneries,  1 
brewery,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$36,250.    2  sch.  69  scholars.     Pop.  1,374. 

Wakren,  t.,  Putnam  co.,  la.  It  has  9  stores, 
cap.  $21,550  ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  distil- 
lery, 1  pottery,  1  flouring  m.,  5  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,205.  6  sch.  486  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  2,201. 

Warren,  p-v.,  Marion  co.,  Mo.,  105  n.  n.  e. 
Jefferson  City,  940  W. 

Warren,  t.,  Marion  co.,  Mo.  It  has  4  sch. 
95  scholars.     Pop.  1,514. 

Warren  Perry,  p-o.,  Buckingham  co.,  Va., 
80  w.  Richmond,  146  W. 

Warrenham,  p-o.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  195  n. 
by  e.  Harrisburg,  285  W. 

Warrensburg,  p-t.,  Warren  co.,  N.  Y.,  6  N. 
w.  Caldwell,  69  n.  Albany,  444  W.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  and  mountainous.  Hudson  r.  and 
Schroon  branch  here  unite,  on  which  is  very  fer 
tile  land.  The  v.  is  situated  on  Schroon  branch, 
and  contains  2  churches,  4  stores,  1  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.,  1  clothier's  works,  1  extensive  tannery, 
60  dwellings,  and  about  400  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.  5  stores,  cap.  $18,000  ;  1  fulling  m., 
2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $75,000.  10  sch.  405  scholars.  Pop.  1,468. 
Warrensburg,  p-v.,  Greene  co.,  Tcnn.,  242 
e.  Nashville,  454  W.  It  contains  about  78  in- 
habitants. 

Warrensburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Johnson  co., 
Mo.,  98  w.  Jefferson  City,  1,034  W.  Situated 
on  Blackwater  r.,  above  Post  Oak  fork.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  and  about  250  inhabit- 
ants. The  t.  has  5  sch.  108  scholars.  Pop.  1,228. 
Warren  Tavern,  p-o.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  76 
E.  s.  E.  Harrisburg,  130  W. 

Warrensville,  p-v.,  Du  Page  co.,  III.,  180  n. 
n.  e.  Springfield,  748  W. 

Warrington,  p-v.,  capital  of  Fauquier  co., 
Va.,  102  n.  by  w.  Richmond,  51  W.  It  contains 
a  court  house,  jail,  a  town  hall,  3  churches— 1 
Episcopal,  1  Presbyterian,  and  1  Methodist- 
several  stores,  a  printing  office,  issuing  a  weekly 
newspaper,  200  dwellings,  and  about  1,300  in- 
habitants. 

Warrentox,  p-v.,  capital  of  Warren  co.,  IN 
C,  62  n.  N.  E.  Raleigh,  224  W.  Situated  on  the 
head  waters  of  Fishing  cr.,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  a  church,  several  stores,  and  about 
675  inhabitants. 

Warrenton,  p-v.,  Abbeville  dist.,  S.  C,  10J 
w.  Columbia,  535  W. 

Warrenton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Warren  co.,  Ga., 
44  e.  N.  e.  Milledgeville,  626  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  7  stores,  1  Methodist  church, 
and  25  dwellings. 

Warrenton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Marshall  co., 
Ala.,  135  n.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  707  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  a  branch  of  Tennessee  r.,  and  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  and  about  100  mhabit- 

Warrenton,  p-v.,  Warren  t,  Jefferson  co., 
O.,  136  e.  by  n.  Columbus,  267  W.  Situated  on 
Ohio  r.  above  the  mouth  of  Indian  Short  cr. 

Warrenton,  p-v.,  Gibson  co.,  la. 

Warrenton,  p-v.,  Warren  co.,  Miss.,  M  w 


It  |  Jackson,  1,060  W.  Situated  on  tha  e.  bank  of 
Mississippi  r.,  and  contains  soveral  stores,  and 
about  30i)  inhabitants. 

Warrenton,  p-v.,  capita]  <»i  Warren  co.,  Mo., 
71  E.  N.  E.  Jefferson  City,  868  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  and  about  100  inhabitants. 

Warrenton  Springs,  p-o.,  Fauquier  co.,  Va., 
107  n.  by  w.  Richmond,  56  W. 

WARRENVILLE,  p-t.,  Cuyahoga  co.,  O.,  1'>I  n 
n.  e.  Columbus,  351  W.  Drained  by  a  branch 
of  Cuyahoga  r.,  and  small  streams  (lowing  into 
Lake  Erie.  It  has  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,000.  9  sch. 
278  scholars.    Pop.  1,082. 

Warrick,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  s.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  360  sq.  ms.  Ohio 
r.  bounds  it  off  the  s.  Drained  by  Big  and  Little 
Pigeon  creeks.  The  surface  is  rolling  ;  soil,  fer- 
tile. Capital,  Booneville.  There  were  in  1840, 
neai  cattle  5,400,  sheep  5,400,  swine  1,820 ;  wheat 
20,500  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  250,800,  oats 
32,500,  potatoes  20,000,  tobacco  516,000  pounds  ; 
20  stores,  cap.  $20,000 ;  6  tanneries,  6  distilleries, 
2  flouring  ra.,  10  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $3,000.  22  sch.  710  scholars.  Pop. 
6,321. 

Warrington,  p-t.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  104  e. 
Harrisburg,  158  W.  It  has  1  grist  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $1,950.    3  sch.  88  scholars.    Pop.  637. 

Warrington,  t.,  York  co.,  Pa.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $4,800 ;  3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1 
pottery,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$12,500. 

Warrior  Bridge,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Ala., 
138  s.  s.  w.  Tuscaloosa,  950  W. 

Warrior  Mark,  p-t.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa., 
108  w.  Harrisburg,  171  W.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous ;  soil,  in  the  valleys,  calcareous  loam. 
In  the  w.  part  are  Alleghany  mountain  and 
Bald  Eagle  ridge.  Drained  by  Juniata  and 
Bald  Eagle  cr.  The  v.  near  the  n.  line,  contains 
2  stores,  and  about  25  dwellings.  There  are  in 
the  t.  3  stores,  cap.  $27,150 ;  1  furnace,  2  tan- 
neries, 2  distilleries,  2  grist  m..  5  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $21,100.  9  sch.  500  scholars.  Pop. 
1,689. 

Warrior  Run,  p-o.,  Northumberland  co.,  Pa. 

Warsaw,  p-t.,  capital  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.  Y., 
251  w.  Albany,  363  W.  The  surface  is  partly 
hilly,  with  a  fertile  valley,  through  which  flows 
Allen's  cr.;  soil,  clay  loam  and  very  fertile. 
The  v.  is  situated  on  Allen's  cr.,  and  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  county  clerk's  office,  4  churches 
—2  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist— 6 
stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  furnaces,  1 
machine  shop,  1  tannery,  100  dwellings,  and 
about  800  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t  9 
stores,  cap.  $35,000 ;  3  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
1  furnace,  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  ra.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $43,100.  2  acad.  80  students,  25 
sch.  1,068  scholars.    Pop.  2,841. 

Warsaw,  p-t.,  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.,  168  N.  w. 
Harrisburg,  260  W.  Drained  by  a  branch  of 
Bank  cr.,  which  flows  into  Alleghany  r. 

Warsaw,  p-v.,  capital  of  Richmond  co.,  Va., 
58  n.  E.  Richmond,  117  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  county  clerk's  office,  1  female  semi- 
nary, 1  Episcopal  church,  2  stores,  and  about  125 
inhabitants.  It  is  3  ms.  from  the  navigable  wa- 
ters of  Rappahannock  r. 

Warsaw,  p-v.,  Duplin  co.,  N.  C,  80  s.  s.  E. 
Raleigh,  310  W. 

Warsaw,  p-v.,  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga.,  97  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  668  W.  Situated  on  the  E.  side 
of  C  lhattahooehee  r. 

Warsaw,  po.,  Coshocton  co.,  O.,  83  n.  e.  by 

e.  Columbus,  340  W. 


WAR 


690 


WAS 


Warsaw,  p-v.,  capital  of  Gallatin  co.,  Ky.,  51 
N.  N.  w.  Frankfort,  535  W.  Situated  on  the  s. 
side  of  Ohio  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
county  clerk's  office,  2  steam  m.  and  fac,  and 
600  inhabitants. 

Warsaw,  p-v.,  capital  of  Kosciusko  co.,  la., 
126  n.  by  e.  Indianapolis,  603  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  Tippecanoe  r.,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  and  100  inhabitants. 

Warsaw,  p-v.,  Hancock  co.,  III.,  114  w.  N.  w. 
Springfield,  892  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of 
Mississippi  r.,  at  the  foot  of  the  Des  Moines  rapids. 
It  contains  several  stores,  a  steam  m.,  and  about 
800  inhabitants.  It  is  near  the  site  of  old  Fort 
Edwards. 

Warsaw,  p-v.,  capital  of  Bento^n  co.,  Mo.,  80 
s.  w.  by  w.  Jefferson  City,  1,016  W.  Situated 
on  the  n.  side  of  Osage  r.,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  10  stores,  2  tanneries,  and  about  400 
inhabitants. 

Warthen's  Store,  p-o.,  Washington  co.,  Ga., 
37  s.  e.  Milledgeville,  665  W. 

War  Traceville,  p-o.,  Bedford  co.,  Tenn., 
51  s.  s.  e.  Nashville,  682  W. 

Warwick,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  s.  E. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  95  sq.  ms.  James 
r.  bounds  it  on  the  s.  w.  It  occupies  the  s.  w. 
part  of  the  peninsula  between  James  and  York 
rivers.  Capital,  Warwick  C.  H.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  1,573,  sheep  973,  swine  3,926 ; 
wheat  10,901  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  45,975, 
oats  8,698,  potatoes  1,705,  cotton  938  pounds;  7 
commission  houses ;  25  stores,  cap.  $63,000 ;  1 
cotton  fac.  1,664  sp.,  1  tannery,  2  flouring  m.,  11 
grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $218,300. 
2  sch.  52  scholars.  Pop.  whites  604,  slaves  831, 
free  col'd  21 ;  total,  1,456. 

Warwick,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  79  w.  n. 
w.  Boston,  420  W.  The  surface  is  elevated  and 
uneven,  containing  an  elevated  summit  denom- 
inated Grace  mountain  ;  soil,  strong  and  fertile, 
well  adapted  to  grazing.  It  contains  a  Unitarian 
and  a  Congregational  church.  It  has  no  consid- 
erable streams.  A  small  branch  of  Miller's  r. 
rises  in  its  s.  e.  part.  Incorporated  in  1763.  It 
has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanner- 
ies, 2  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$6,600.  1  acad.  42  students,  11  sch.  371  scholars. 
Pop.  1,071. 

Warwick,  p-t.,  Kent  co.,  R.  I.,  11  s.  w.  Provi- 
dence, 401  W.  The  surface  is  level  on  the  e., 
elevated  and  hilly  on  the  w. ;  soil,  gravelly  loam, 
strong  and  productive.  Watered  by  Pawtuxet 
r.,  which  affords  good  water  power.  It  has  sev- 
eral good  harbors,  the  principal  of  which  is  Ap- 
ponaug,  on  a  branch  of  Narraganset  bay  in  its  s. 
part,  which  admits  vessels  of  from  20  to  50  tons. 
fhe  v.  contains  a  Baptist  church,  an  academy,  a 
bank,  and  about  60  dwellings.  The  fisheries  of 
Narraganset  bay  are  valuable.  Pawtuxet  v.,  at 
the  mouth  of  Pawtuxet  r.,  lies  partly  in  Cranston 
t.,  Providence  co.,  and  contains  a  Congregational 
and  a  Baptist  church,  the  latter  in  Cranston,  and 
is  a  large  manufacturing  v.  Within  a  m.  of  the 
v.  of  Apponaug  is  a  huge  rock,  so  balanced  upon 
another  rock,  that  a  boy  of  14  years  of  age  can 
move  it,  making  a  noise  like  a  drum,  and  hence 
called  Drum  rock.  It  is  a  great  natural  curiosity. 
There  are  in  t.  68  stores,  cap.  $152,000;  3  lum- 
ber yards,  cap.  $9,000 ;  2  woollen  fac,  28  cotton 
fac.  73,041  sp.,  2  tanneries,  8  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,252,200.  5  acad.  186  stu- 
dents, 36  sch.  1,320  scholars.     Pop.  6,726. 

Warwick,  p-t.,  Orange  co.,  N.  Y.,  24  s.  w. 
Newburg,  1 1 1  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  268  W.  The  sur- 
face is  uneven  and  mountainous ;  soil,  generally 
fertile.    On  the  w.  is  a  portion  of  the  "Drowned 


Lands."  Drained  by  Wallkill  r.,  and  on  the  s. 
by  tributaries  of  Passaic  r.  The  v.  contains  1 
Reformed  Dutch  and  1  Baptist  church,  6  stores, 
1  tannery,  70  dwellings,  and  about  450  inhabit- 
ants. There  are  in  the  1. 16  stores,  cap.  $29,700 ; 
4  lumber  yards,  cap.  $12,000;  1  fulling  m.,  1 
woollen  fac,  4  tanneries,  15  distilleries,  8  grist 
m.,  14  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $44,650.  1 
acad.  147  students,  20  sch.  1,034  scholars.  Pop. 
5,113. 

Warwick,  t.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  5  s.  e.  Doyles- 
town,  21  n.  Philadelphia.  The  surface  is  hilly  ; 
soil,  sandy  loam  and  gravel.  Drained  by  Nisha- 
miny  cr.  It  contains  a  church  in  the  s.  w.  part, 
and  several  small  villages.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$4,500 ;  1  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  2  oil 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $7,775.  2  sch.  58  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  1,259. 

Warwick,  t.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  9  n.  Lancas- 
ter. The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  calcareous  loam, 
clay,  and  gravel.  Drained  by  Great  Chiques, 
Hanmer,  Cocalico,  and  Marovia  creeks.  It  has 
12  stores,  cap.  $5,000 ;  4  tanneries,  6  distilleries, 
1  brewery,  1  pottery,  2  flouring  m.,  10  grist  m., 
7  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $33,346. 
1  acad.  104  students,  1  sch.  35  scholars.  Pop. 
3,725. 

Warwick,  p-v.,  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  15  s.  Elkton, 
73  n.  n.  e.  Annapolis,  107  W. 

Warwick,  t.,  Tuscarawas  co.,  O.,  7  south- 
wardly New  Philadelphia,  and  contains  Trenton 
v.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $6,000;  1  tannery,  1 
flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac  $14,400.  7  sch.  320  scholars.  Pop. 
864. 

Warwick,  p-v.,  capital  of  Warwick  co.,  Va., 
79  e.  s.  e.  Richmond,  194  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  1  store,  and  a  few  dwellings,  and 
about  25  inhabitants. 

Washbourn  Prairie,  p-o.,  Barry  co.,  Mo., 
220  s.  w.  Jefferson  City,  1,135  W. 

Washburnville,  p-o.,  Macomb  t.,  St.  Law- 
rence co.,  N.  Y.,  188  n.  n.  w.  Albany,  457  W. 

Washington,  county,  Me.  Situated  in  the 
s.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  3,500  sq.  ms. 
St.  Croix  r.  separates  it  from  New  Brunswick  on 
the  E.,  and  the  Atlantic  bounds  it  on  the  s. 
Drained  by  Machias,  Pleasant,  and  Narraquagus 
rivers.  It  abounds  with  lakes  and  ponds.  The 
Schoodic  lakes  are  a  collection  of  several  which 
are  extensive.  The  Atlantic  shore  is  indented 
with  numerous  bays,  affording  many  fine  harbors. 
Capital,  Machias.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 12,021,  sheep  20,561,  swine  4,827;  wheat 
20,871  bush,  produced,  rye  2,624,  Ind.  corn  394, 
buckwheat  3,218,  barley  5,914,  oats  22,111,  pota- 
toes 410,868,  sugar  1,338  pounds ;  3  commercial 
houses,  cap.  $370,000 ;  168  stores,  cap.  $460,165 ; 
16  lumber  yards,  cap.  $98,300;  50,000  bush,  do- 
mestic salt  produced  ;  3  fulling  m.,  1  furnace,  14 
tanneries,  36  grist  m.,  159  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $726,214.  2  acad.  191  students,  211  sch 
9,273  scholars.     Pop.  28,327. 

Washington,  county,  R.  I.  Situated  in  the 
s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  367  sq.  ms. 
The  Atlantic  bounds  it  on  the  s.,  and  Narragan- 
set bay  on  the  e.  Drained  by  Pawcatuck  r.  and 
its  branches,  the  principal  of  which  are  Wood 
and  Charles  rivers,  which  afford  good  water 
power.  The  surface  is  moderately  uneven  ;  soil, 
a  strong  gravelly  loam,  well  adapted  to  grazing. 
It  has  several  good  harbors.  Capital,  North 
Kingston.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
10,741,  sheep  35,136,  swine  8,399;  wheat  1,428 
bush,  produced,  rye  6,267,  Ind.  corn  113,591, 
buckwheat  446,  barley  12,590,  oats  69,317,  pota- 
toes 257,731 ;  80  stores,  cap.  $114,250;  6  lumber 


WAS 


697 


WAS 


yards,  cap  $14,300;  16  fulling  m.,  25  woollen 
lac,  23  cotton  fac.  23,666  sp.,  10  tanneries,  28 
grist  m.,  21  saw  m.,  1  printing  office.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  §771,610.  tj  acad,  870  students,  10  sch. 
742  scholars.    Pop.  14,324. 

Washington,  county,  Vt.  Situated  near  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  425  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  very  uneven ;  soil,  generally  fertile. 
Drained  by  Onion,  or  Winooski  r.,  and  numerous 
branches.  Organized  in  1810,  by  the  name  of 
Jefferson  county,  which  was  changed  to  Wash- 
ington in  181 1.  The  road  from  Lake  Champlain 
through  Montpelier  to  Connecticut  river,  though 
passing  through  the  Green  mountains,  has  few 
heavy  hills,  though  the  mountains  tower  on  its 
sides.  Capital,  .Montpelier.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  25,415,  sheep  110,872,  swine  12,150; 
wheat  44,110  bush,  produced,  rye  5,763,  Indian 
corn  63,108,  buckwheat  23,066,  barley  4,028,  oats 
200,294,  potatoes  698,745,  hops  7,859  pounds,  su- 
gar 451,318;  lf>  stores,  cap.  $216,750;  1  furnace, 
'6'Z  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  10  tanneries,  6  flour- 
ing m.,  36  grist  m.,  85  saw  m.,  5  oil  m.,  1  paper 
fac,  6  printing  offices,  1  periodical,  2  daily,  6 
weekly  newspapers.  (Jap.  in  manufac.  $464,252. 
2  acad.  231  students,  196  schools  6,866  scholars. 
Pop.  23,506. 

Washington,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  in  the 
K.  toward  the  n.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains 
807  sq.  miles.  Hudson  r.  bounds  it  on  the  w., 
Lake  George  on  the  N.  w.,  and  the  s.  part  of 
Lake  Champlain  partly  on  the  E.  The  surface 
is  hilly  on  the  p.,  undulating  on  the  s. ;  soil,  gene- 
rally warm  and  productive.  Watered  by  Hoo- 
sick  and  Battenkill  rs.,  flowing  into  Hudson  r., 
and  Pawlet  and  Poultney  rs.  and  Wood  cr.,  flow- 
ing into  Lake  Champlain.  The  Champlain  canal 
passes  through  the  county,  terminating  n.  at 
Whitehall  on  the  lake.  Capitals,  Sandy  Hill 
and  Salem.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
39,159,  sheep  210,610,  swine  27,663  ;  wheat 
49,189  bush,  produced,  rye  136,510,  Indian  corn 
297,405,  buckwheat  32,612,  barley  9,569,  oats 
448,064,  potatoes  851,545,  sugar  4,246  pounds ; 
140  stores,  cap.  $427,900;  1  furnace,  3  forges,  15 
fulling  m.,  13  woollen  fac,  2  cotton  fac.  3,144  sp., 
19  tanneries,  1  powder  m.,  2  potteries,  2  flouring 
m.,  31  grist  m.,  93  saw  m.,  4  printing  offices,  4 
weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $;$57,7i8. 
10  acad.  482  students,  205  schools  7,526  scholars. 
Pop.  41,080. 

Washington,  county,  Pa.  Situated  in  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,001)  sq.  miles. 
Monongahela  r.  bounds  it  on  the  e.,  by  branches 
of  which,  and  by  Racoon  and  Buffalo  and  other 
creeks,  it  is  drained.  The  surface  is  elevated, 
uneven,  and  broken;  soil,  fertile.  Bituminous 
coal  is  abundant.  Capital,  Washington.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  35,344,  sheep  222,631, 
swine  54,285 ;  wheat  666,200  bushels  produced, 
rye  38,157,  Ind.  corn  653,692,  buckwheat  29,368, 
barley  11,913,  oats  1,862,528,  potatoes  531,569, 
sugar  56,032  pounds;  120  stores,  cap.  $481,b00 ; 
3  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  30  tanneries,  18  dis- 
tilleries, 2  glass  fac,  2  potteries,  2  printing  offices, 
2  weekly  newspapers,  25  flouring  m.,  66  grist  m., 
72  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $279,005.  2  col- 
leges, 349  students,  6  acad.  175  students,  170  sch. 
6,490  scholars.     Pop.  41,279. 

Washington,  county,  Md.  Situated  toward 
the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  440  sq.  ms. 
Potomac  r.  bounds  it  on  the  s.  and  s.  w.  Drained 
by  Antictam,  Conecocheague,  and  other  creeks, 
flowing  into  the  Potomac  The  surface  is  partly 
mountainous  and  broken ;  soil,  fertile,  particular- 
ly in  the  valleys  and  on  the  streams.  Capital, 
Hagerstown.    There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 


15,841,  sheep  15,798,  swine  36,4 18;  wheat  668,787 
bush,  produced,  rye   111,829,   Ind.  corn  655,041, 

backwheal  1,864,  barley  268,  oats  436,864,  | 
toes  75,783;  2  commission  houses,  cap.  $4,000; 
96  stores,  cap.  $360,250.  1  furnace.  1  tegaa,  7 

fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  20  tanneries,  16  distil- 
leries, 3  breweries,  3  potteries,  1  rope  factory,  52 
flouring  m.,  9  grist  m.,  43  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  6 
printing  offices,  5  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $421,188.  I  acad.  '.).'>  students,  53  sch. 
1,823  scholars.  Pop.  whites  24,724,  slaves  2,536, 
freecol'd  1,530;  total,  28,850. 

Washington,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  764  sq.  miles. 
Drained  by  New  r.,  and  branches  of  Great  Ka- 
nawha r.,  and  by  branches  of  Clinch  r.  The 
Blue  Ridge  runs  on  its  n.  w.  border.  The  surface 
is  mostly  valleys  between  mountain  ridges  ;  soil, 
fertile  in  the  valleys.  Capital,  Abingdon.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  13,810,  sheep  18,530, 
swine  32,450 ;  wheat  106,750  bushels  produced, 
rye  8,116,  Indian  corn  397,476,  buckwheat  4,236, 
barley  1,168,  oats  295,770,  potatoes  60,180,  sugar 
62,740  pounds ;  9  stores,  cap.  $304,000 ;  9  tanner- 
ies, 103  distilleries,  2  powder  m.,  40  grist  m.,  36 
saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,381.  1  college  150  students, 
18  sch.  551  scholars.  Pop.  whites  11,731,  slaves 
2,053,  free  col'd  212;  total,  13,001. 

Washington,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  360  sq.  ms.  Rd- 
anoke  r.  and  Albemarle  sound  bound  it  on  the  n. 
The  surface  is  level,  low,  and  in  part  swampy. 
Phelps  lake  lies  in  its  e.  part.  Capital,  Plymouth. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,928,  sheep  2,125, 
swine  0,319 ;  wheat  8,707  bush,  produced,  rye 
165,  Ind.  corn  155,023,  oats  4,349,  potatoes  19,672, 
rice  6,050  pounds,  cotton  79,925;  1  commercial 
and  2  commission  houses,  cap.  $32,000 ;  13  stores, 
cap.  $62,000 ;  13  distilleries,  3  flouring  m.,  4  grist 
m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $33,700.  2  sch. 
33  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,639,  slaves  1,727,  free 
col'd  159 ;  total,  4,525. 

Washington,  County,  Ga.  Situated  e.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  760  square  ms. 
Ogcechee  r.  bounds  it  on  the  n.  e.,  and  Oconee 
r.  on  the  s.  w.,  by  branches  of  which  it  is  drain- 
ed. The  soil  is  various,  but  generally  indifferent. 
Capital,  Sandersville.  There  were  in  18-10,  neat 
cattle  10,806,  sheep  4,439,  swine  26,426;  wheat 
20,0(56  bushels  produced,  rye  1,274,  Indian  com 
298,747,  oats  2,639,  potatoes  15,677,  cotton 
1,190,770  pounds;  17  stores,  cap.  $43,000 ;  29 dis- 
tilleries, 2  flouring  m.,  18  grist  m.,  1 1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac  $18,600.  5  acad.  153  students,  8  sen. 
108  scholars.  Pop.  whites  5,962,  slaves  4,566,  free 
col'd  37 ;  total,  10,565. 

Washington,  county,  Flor.  Situated  toward 
the  w.  part  of  the  territory,  and  contains  1,500 
sq.  ms.  The  Gulf  of  Mexico  bounds  it  on  the  8, 
w.,  and  Choctawhatchee  r.  on  the  w.,  by  branch- 
es of  which,  and  by  Econfina  r.,  it  is  drained.  It 
contains  the  fine  bay  of  St.  Andrews,  on  the 
banks  of  which  is  a  large  amount  of  live  oak. 
The  soil  along  the  seashore  is  generally  poor,  but 
there  is  some  good  land  in  the  county.  <  api- 
tal,  Roche's  Bluff'.  There  were  in  1340,  neat 
cattle  4,601,  sheep  52,  swine  2,637 ;  Indian  corn 
24,965  bush,  produced,  potatoes  5,365,  rice  2,100 
pounds,  cotton  176,120,  sugar  4,170;  5  grist  m., 
3  acad.  52  students,  5  schools  108  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  504,  slaves  353,  free  col'd  2  ;  total,  859. 

Washington,  county,  Ala.  Situated  toward 
the  s.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  840  sq. 
miles.  Tombigbee  river  bounds  it  on  the  e.,  by 
branches  of  wnich,  and  by  Escatawpa  creek,  it 
is  drained.    Capital,  Barry  ton.    There  were  in 


WAS 


699 


WAS 


1840,  neat  cattle  20,361,  sheep  2,221,  swine 
14,083  ;  wheat  386  bush,  produced,  rye  360,  Ind. 
corn  152,049,  barley  28,  oats  2,383,  potatoes 
23,934,  cotton  355,748  pounds ;  8  stores,  capital 
$14,900 ;  2  tanneries,  2  potteries,  10  grist  m.,  4 
saw  m.,  14  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $33,500.  12 
schools  201  scholars.  Pop.  whites  2,843,  slaves 
2,434,  free  col'd  23  ;  total,  5,300. 

Washington,  county,  Miss.  Situated  in  the 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  2,420  sq.  miles. 
Mississippi  r.  bounds  it  on  the  w.,  and  Yazoo  r. 
partly  on  the  e.  Drained  by  Sunflower  r.  and 
its  branches.  Capital,  Princeton.  There  were 
produced  in  1840,  cotton  15,100,400  pounds.  Pop. 
whites  654,  slaves  6,627,  free  colored  6;  total, 
7,287. 

Washington,  parish,  La.  Situated  in  the  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  792  sq.  ms.  Pearl 
r.  bounds  it  on  the  e.,  and  Tangiapao  r.  runs  on 
its  w.  border.  Drained  by  Boguechitto  and  Chi- 
funete  rs.  The  soil  is  generally  sterile,  covered 
with  pine.  Cotton  is  produced.  Capital,  Frank- 
linton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,000, 
sheep  1,050,  swine  14,250 ;  Ind.  corn  98,790  bush, 
produced,  oats  59,000,  potatoes  9,850,  rice  251,250 
pounds,  cotton  375,200 ;  8  stores,  cap.  $40,000 ; 
1  cotton  fac.  6  sp.,  1  tannery,  11  grist  m.,  13  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $245,575.  2  acad.  70  stu- 
dents, 2  schools  50  scholars.  Pop.  whites  1,856, 
slaves  791,  free  col'd  2 ;  total,  2,649. 

Washington,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  590  square  ms. 
Drained  by  Nolachucky  r.  and  its  branches.  A 
branch  of  Holston  river  runs  on  its  n.  e.  border. 
Capital,  Jonesboro'.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  9,663,  sheep  12,032,  swine  70,526 ;  wheat 
121,424  bushels  produced,  rye  3,082,  Indian  corn 
330,599,  oats  165,758,  potatoes  13,936,  tobacco 
15,162  pounds;  18  stores,  cap.  $130,500;  2  fur- 
naces, 8  forges,  11  tanneries,  56  distilleries,  6 
flouring  m.,  27  grist  m.,  28  saw  m.,  3  oil  m.,  2 
printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $18,595.  1  college  10  students,  1  acad. 
34  students,  18  sch.  380  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
10,600,  slaves  915,  free  col'd  236  ;  total,  11,751. 

Washington,  county,  Ky.  Situated  a  little 
N.  of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  475  sq. 
ms.  Chaplin's  fork  of  Salt  r.  runs  on  its  n.  bor- 
der, by  branches  of  which  it  is  drained.  Capital, 
Springfield.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
5,955,  sheep  9,966,  swine  28,200 ;  wheat  27,350 
bush,  produced,  rye  21,433,  Indian  corn  281,730, 
oats  28,720,  potatoes  7,088,  tobacco  72,000  pounds ; 
16  stores,  cap.  $37,900 ;  6  tanneries,  29  distiller- 
ies, 11  breweries,  2  flouring  m.,  30  grist  m.,  7  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,012.  1  acad.  80  stu- 
dents, 22  sch.  636  scholars.  Pop.  whites  7,900, 
slaves  2,658,  free  col'd  38;  total,  10,596. 

Washington,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  s. 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  713  square  miles. 
Ohio  r.  runs  on  its  whole  s.  e.  border.  Drained 
by  Muskingum  and  Little  Muskingum  rivers,  and 
Duck,  Wolf,  Little  Hockhocking,  Cat's,  and  Bear 
creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  broken,  except- 
ing alluvial  tracts  on  the  Ohio  and  Muskingum 
rivers  ;  soil,  adapted  to  grazing  and  to  fruit.  Salt 
and  iron  ore  have  been  found.  Bituminous  coal 
is  abundant  on  the  Big  and  Little  Muskingum  rs., 
and  on  the  latter  carburetted  hydrogen  gas  issues 
in  many  places,  which  is  easily  ignited,  and  burns 
for  several  successive  days.  It  was  the  first  or- 
ganized county  in  the  state.  Capital,  Marietta. 
There  were  in  1810,  neat  cattle  12,122,  sheep 
34,790,  swine  17,399 ;  wheat  160,650  bush,  pro- 
duced, Ind.  corn  320,471,  buckwheat  1,454,  oats 
147,210,  potatoes  98,362,  tobacco  11,390  pounds, 
sugar  11,996;  58  stores,  cap.  $99,587;  2  fulling 


m.,  10  tanneries,  4  distilleries,  1  flouring  m.,  41 
grist  m.,  60  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  3  printing  offices,  3 
weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $148,055. 
1  college  100  students,  1  acad.  53  students,  107 
sch.  4,476  scholars.     Pop.  20,823. 

Washington,  county,  la.  Situated  toward  the 
s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  540  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  diversified ;  soil,  fertile,  and  easy  of 
cultivation.  Muscatatack  r.  runs  on  its  n.  bound- 
ary. Drained  by  Blue  r.,  and  Rush,  Twin,  De- 
lany,  and  Elk  crs.  The  macadamized  road  from 
New  Albany  to  Crawfordsville,  is  located  through 
the  county.  Organized  in  1813.  Capital,  Salem. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  10,434,  sheep, 
17,247,  swine  21,621 ;  wheat  52,508  bushels  pro- 
duced, rye  1,830,  Ind.  corn  164,401,  oats  50,047, 
potatoes  10,751,  tobacco  71,161  pounds  ;  30  stores, 
cap.  $61,000  ;  2  cotton  fac.  564  sp.,  22  tanneries, 
8  flouring  m.,  32  grist  m.,  37  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  2 
printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $105,575.  2  acad.  96  students,  19  sch. 
519  scholars.  Pop.  whites  15,076,  colored  193; 
total,  15,269. 

Washington,  county,  111.  Situated  toward 
the  s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  656  sq.  ms. 
Kaskaskia  r.  runs  on  its  n.  w.  boundary.  Drain- 
ed by  Elkhorn,  Beaucoup,  and  Muddy  creeks. 
The  surface  is  level  and  wet ;  soil,  indifferent. 
It  has  considerable  prairie  in  its  s.  part.  Capital, 
Nashville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
10,360,  sheep  5,300,  swine  18,990  ;  wheat  28,540 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  272,990,  oats  61,080, 
potatoes  7,175;  5  stores,  cap.  $56,000.  Cap.  in 
manufactures  $930.  14  sch.  299  scholars.  Pop. 
4,810. 

Washington,  county,  Wis.  Situated  in  the 
e.  part  of  the  territory,  and  contains  675  sq.  ms. 
Michigan  lake  bounds  it  on  the  e.  Drained  by 
Milwaukie  and  Menomonee  rs.  Capital,  Wash- 
ington. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  277, 
sheep  1,  swine  283 ;  wheat  182  bush,  produced, 
Indian  corn  553,  oats  165,  potatoes  2,150,  sugar 
4,659  pounds  ;  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$2,500.     1  sch.  7  scholars.    Pop.  343. 

Washington,  county,  Iowa.  Situated  in  the 
w.  toward  the  s.  part  of  the  territory,  and  eon- 
tains  648  sq.  ms.  Drained  by  Iowa  r.,  and  Long 
and  Crooked  crs.,  and  by  a  branch  of  Checauque 
or  Skunk  r.  The  climate  is  healthy ;  soil,  fer- 
tile. Capital,  Washington.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  600,  sheep  39,  swine  864 ;  wheat 
2,210  bush,  produced,  Indian  corn  100,055,  oats 
2,155,  potatoes  1,357;  5  stores,  capital  $3,900  ;  2 
saw  m.    Pop.  1,594. 

Washington,  county,  Mo.  Situated  toward 
the  s.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  820  sq. 
miles.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  broken ;  soil,  in 
some  parts,  fertile.  Watered  by  Big  river  and  its 
tributaries,  which  afford  water  power,  and  by 
head  branches  of  Big  Black  and  St.  Francis  rs, 
It  contains  the  celebrated  "Iron  mountain," 
which  is  a  mass  of  magnetic  iron  ore,  so  pure  in 
quality  as  to  yield  from  70  to  80  per  cent,  under 
the  ordinary  process  of  converting  ore  into  mal- 
leable iron.  Capital,  Potosi.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  9,573,  sheep  5,618,  swine  19,420 ; 
wheat  34,933  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  263,285, 
buckwheat  3,860,  oats  50,344,  potatoes  4,743,  to- 
bacco 5,448  pounds,  sugar  10,227 ;  16  stores,  cap. 
$76,100;  1  furnace,  1  forge,  3  tanneries,  1  distil- 
lery, 1  pottery,  5  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Capital  in 
manufac.  $28,650.  1  acad.  83  students,  15  sch. 
339  scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,248,  slaves  923,  free 
col'd  42;  total,  7,231. 

Washington,  county,  Ark.  Situated  in  the 
n.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  900  sq.  ms. 
Ozark  mountains  lie  on  its  n.  border.    Drained 


WAS 


699 


WAS 


bv  a  head  branch  of  White  r.  Capital,  Fayette- 
vi'lle.  There  were  in  1810,  neat  cattle  11,734, 
sheep  7,947,  swine  35,829  ;  wheat  16,384  bushels 
produced,  Ind.  corn  380,490,  oats  47,368,  potatoes 
24,26 1,  tobacco  6,070  pounds,  cotton  18,685 ;  32 
stores,  cap.  $273,200 ;  1  cotton  fac.  84  sp.,  9  tan- 
neries, 7  distilleries,  4  flouring  m.,  12  grist  m.,  8 
saw  ra.,  1  printing  office.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$63,610.  2  acad.  75  students,  13  sch.  358  schol- 
ars. Pop.  whites  6,216,  slaves  883,  free  colored 
19  ;  total,  7,148. 

Washington,  p-t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  31  e.  Au- 
gusta, 619  W.  Drained  by  branches  of  Dama- 
riscotta  and  Muscongus  rivers.  It  contains  a 
number  of  ponds.  Incorporated  in  1811,  by  the 
name  of  Putnam.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,000 ;  1 
tannery,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$2,350.     12  sch.  615  scholars.     Pop.  1,600. 

Washington,  p-t.,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  H.,  33  w. 
Concord,  473  W.  Sunapee  mountain  lies  in  its 
N.  part.  Drained  by  head  branches  of  Ashuelot 
and  Contoocook  rivers,  issuing  from  ponds.  Long 
pond,  in  its  s.  part,  is  a  considerable  body  of  wa- 
ter. Incorporated  in  1766.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$8,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,557.  4  sch.  363  scholars. 
Pop.  1,103. 

Washington,  p-t.,  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  15  s.  E. 
Montpelier,  512  W.  Watered  by  jail  branch  of 
Winooski  or  Onion  r.,  and  by  branches  of  Wait's 
and  White  rivers.  The  soil  is  generally  fertile, 
and  adapted  to  grain  and  to  grazing.  It  contains 
2  churches,  and  has  a  small  v.  on  Jail  branch. 
Chartered  by  New  York,  in  1780,  by  the  name  of 
Kingland.  There  are  in  the  t.,  3  stores,  capital 
$6,500  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  5  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $5,750.  20  sch.  517  scholars.  Pop. 
1,359. 

Washington,  p-t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  128  w. 
Boston,  392  W.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil, 
well  adapted  to  grazing.  Watered  by  branches  of 
We8tfield  and  Housatonic  rivers.  It  contains  a 
Methodist  church  in  its  e.  part.  The  Springfield 
and  Albany  railroad  passes  through  it.  It  has  1 
grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,900.  8 
sch.  184  scholars.     Pop.  991. 

Washington,  p-t.,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct.,  47  w.  s. 
w.  Hartford,  320  W.  The  surface  is  elevated  ; 
soil,  adapted  to  grazing.  Watered  by  Shepaug 
r.,  a  branch  of  Housatonic  r.  The  principal  v., 
on  Shepaug  r.,  contains  a  Congregational,  an 
Episcopal,  and  a  Methodist  church.  Marble,  iron, 
ore,  and  limestone  are  found.  Incorporated  in 
1779.  There  are  in  the  t.  6  stores,  cap.  $21,500; 
2  fulling  m.,  1  cotton  fac.  1,664  sp.,  1  furnace,  3 
forges,  1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  3  grist  m.,  7  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $25,050.  1  acad.,  20  stu- 
dents, 10  sch.  418  scholars.    Pop.  1,622. 

Washington,  p-t.,  Dutchess  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  e. 
Poughkeepsie,  79  s.  by  E.  Albany,  314  W.  The 
surface  is  rolling  and  hilly ;  soil,  gravel,  clay, 
and  calcareous  loam,  well  cultivated  and  pro- 
ductive. Drained  by  Wappinger's  cr.,  and  a 
branch  of  Ten  Mile  cr.  Matteawan  mountains 
lie  in  its  E.  part.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $17,500  ;  3 
cotton  fac.  1,843  sp.,  2  tanneries,  2  flouring  m.,  3 
grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $157,400. 
§  sch.  326  scholars.    Pop.  2,833. 

Washington,  t.,  Bergen  co.,  N.  J.  It  has 
Hackensack  r.  on  the  e..  and  Saddle  r.  on  the  w. 
boundary  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $7,900 ;  3  tan- 
neries, 1  distillery,  6  grist  ra.,  14  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $5,200.  4  sch.  135  scholars.  Pop. 
1,833. 

Washington,  t.,  Burlington  co.,  N.  J.,  22  8. 
Woodbury.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  sandy. 
Drained  by  Little  Egg  Harbor  r.  and  its  branches. 


It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $10,000;  2  furnaces,  1  paper 
fac,  5  grist  m.,  8  saw.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
S7f»,(Kh).    8  sch.  470  scholars.    Pop.  1,630. 

Washington,  t.  (Gloucester  co.,  N.  J.,  12  w. 
Woodbury.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  sandy, 
mixed  with  some  loam,  and  light.  Drained  by 
Pensauken  and  CoopeVs  creeks,  and  several 
branches  of  Atsion  r.  Shell  marl  is  found  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Long-a-coming  v.  It  contains 
an  Episcopal  church.  It  has  6  stores,  capital 
$4,800;  1  woollen  fac,  1  glass  house,  1  grist  in., 
8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $104,250.  4  sch. 
131  scholars.    Pop.  l.'»l>. 

Washington,  t.,  Morris  co.,  N.  J.,  18  w.  Mnr- 
ristown.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  bavin-; 
Schooley's  mountain  in  its  w.  part,  near  tin 
border  it  is  hilly;  soil,  fertile,  with  good  cultiva- 
tion. Drained  by  the  s.  branch  of  Raritan  r.  The 
mineral  springs  and  hotels  on  Schooley's  moun- 
tain are  a  favorite  summer  resort.  The  v.  is  sit- 
uated on  the  s.  branch  of  Raritan  r.,  and  contains 
1  Presbyterian  and  1  Lutheran  church,  1  store, 
and  about  20  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  17 
stores,  cap.  $77,300 ;  3  lumber  yards,  cap.  $20,000; 

1  forge,  1  tannery,  1  brewery,  4  flouring  m.,  6 
grist  m.,  8  saw  m.,  4  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$127,900.     15  sch.  753  scholars.    Pop.  2,451. 

Washington,  p-b.,  capital  of  Washington  co., 
Pa.,  209  w.  Harnsburg,  236  W.  It  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  4  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1 
Associate  Reformed,  1  Methodist  Episcopal,  and  I 
Cumberland  Presbyterian — a  female  seminary,  a 
number  of  stores,  a  steam  woollen  fac,  and  2,062 
inhabitants.  It  is  the  seat  of  Washington  Col- 
lege, founded  as  an  academy  in  1787,  chartered 
as  a  college  in  1806,  has  a  president  and  5  pro- 
fessors or  other  instructors,  224  alumni,  59  stu- 
dents, and  3,300  vols,  in  its  libraries.  The  com- 
mencement is  on  the  last  Wednesday  in  Sep- 
tember. It  has  23  stores,  cap.  $73,400 ;  1  tan- 
nery, 1  pottery,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  news- 
papers, 1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $42,450.  1 
college,  159  students,  1  acad.  100  students,  7  sch. 
300  scholars.     Pop.  2,062. 

Washington,  t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $5,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,400.  4  sch.  128  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,255. 

Washington,  t.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $9,000 ;  1  forge,  1  tannery,  4  grist  ra.,  3  oil 
m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,000.    Pop.  1,210. 

Washington,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  11  s.  w. 
Charabersburg.  South  Mountain  covers  the  E. 
boundary.  Drained  by  2  branches  of  Antictam 
cr.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $48,500 ;  2  fulling  m.,  2 
woollen  fac,  3  tanneries,  7  distilleries,  1  brewery, 

2  potteries,  6  flouring  m.,  1  grist  ra.,  14  saw  ra. 
Cap.  in  manufac  $3:1,800.  10  sch.  310  scholars. 
Pop.  2,404. 

Washington,  t.,  York  co.,  Pa.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $6,000 ;  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  pottery, 
4  grist  ra.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $22,550. 
Pop.  1,226. 

Washington,  t.,  Fayette  co.,  Pa.  It  has  9 
stores,  cap.  $25,500 ;  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries, 
1  paper  fac,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  ra.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $12,285.    4  sch.  160  scholars.    Pop.  1,515. 

Washington,  t,  Cambria  co.,  Pa.  Drained 
by  a  branch  of  Kiskiminotas  cr.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $15,000 ;  1  grist  m.,  8  saw  ra.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac $4,100.    6  sch.  210  scholars.    Pop.  1,266. 

Washington,  t.,  Erie  co.,  Pa.  Drained  by 
head  branches  of  French  cr.  It  has  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,500.  15  sch.  700  scholars. 
Pop.  1,551. 

Washington,  t.,  Greene  co.,  Pa.  Drained  by 
branches  of  Ten  Mile  cr.    It  has  3  distilleries,  2 


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700 


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grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,180.  7 
sen.  155  scholars.     Pop.  936. 

Washington,  t.,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly ;  soil,  clay.  Drained  by  Crooked 
cr.  and  its  branches,  and  by  Plum  cr.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $3,700 ;  2  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  5 
grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,375.  1 
sch.  50  scholars.     Pop.  1,893. 

Washington,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1 
grist  m.,  1  saw  m.    Pop.  367. 

Washington,  t.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  16  n. 
Greensburg.  The  surface  is  mountainous  ;  soil, 
calcareous  loam  and  clay,  and  some  of  it  fertile. 
Drained  by  White  Deer  Hole  and  Black  Hole 
creeks.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $3,000 ;  5  grist  m., 
7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,500.  10  sch. 
300  scholars.    Pop.  2,004. 

Washington  City,  Dist.  of  Columbia,  the 
capital  of  the  United  States,  is  situated  on  the  e. 
side  of  the  Potomac,  295  miles  from  the  ocean, 
by  the  course  of  the  river  and  bay,  and  is  in  3S° 
32'  54"  n.  lat.  and  77°  1'  48"  w.  Ion.  from  Green- 
wich. It  is  38  miles  s.  w.  from  Baltimore  ;  136 
from  Philadelphia;  225  from  New  York;  432 
from  Boston ;  856  from  St.  Louis ;  544  from 
Charleston,  S.  C. ;  662  from  Savannah,  Ga. ; 
1,203  from  New  Orleans.  The  population  in 
1800,  was  3.210;  in  1810,  8,208;  in  1820,  13,247; 
in  1830,  18,827 ;  in  1840,  23,364.  Employed  in 
commerce,  103 ;  in  manufactures  and  trades,  836 ; 
navigating  the  ocean,  45 ;  do.  rivers  and  canals, 
25  ;  learned  professions,  83. 

The  city  stands  on  a  point  of  land  between  the 
Potomac  and  the  Anacostia  or  Eastern  branch. 
The  city  contains  a  little  over  8  square  miles, 
and  upwards  of  5,000  acres.  The  ground  is  in 
general  about  40  feet  above  the  level  of  the  river, 
and  there  are  some  moderate  elevations,  on  two  of 
which  stand  the  Capitol  and  the  President's  house. 
The  city  is  regularly  laid  out  in  streets  running 
north  and  south,  and  crossed  by  others  at  right 
angles,  running  east  and  west.  But  the  differ- 
ent parts  of  the  city  are  connected  by  broad  ave- 
nues, which  traverse  the  rectangular  divisions, 
diagonally.  Where  the  intersection  of  these 
avenues  with  each  other  and  with  the  streets 
would  form  many  acute  angles,  considerable 
rectangular  or  circular  open  grounds  are  left, 
which,  when  the  city  shall  be  built  up,  will  give 
it  an  open  appearance.  The  avenues  and  streets 
leading  to  public  places  are  from  120  to  160  feet 
wide,  and  the  other  streets  are  from  70  to  1 10 
feet  wide.  The  avenues  are  named  after  the 
states  of  the  Union,  and  the  other  streets,  begin- 
ning at  the  Capitol,  are  denoted  by  the  letters  of 
the  alphabet,  as  A.  north  and  A.  south,  B.  north 
and  B.  south,  &c;  and  east  and  west,  they  are 
designated  by  numbers,  as  1st  east,  1st  west,  &c. 
Pennsylvania  avenue,  between  the  Capitol  and 
the  President's  house,  contains  the  most  dense 
population,  and  is  much  the  finest  street  in  the 
city.  Five  of  the  avenues  radiate  from  the  Capi- 
tol, and  five  others  from  the  President's  house, 
giving  these  prominent  places  the  most  ready 
communication  with  all  parts  of  the  city.  The 
buildings  of  Washington  consist  of  scattered 
clusters  ;  nor  is  it  probable  that  the  magnificent 
plan  of  the  city  will  soon  be  built  up.  Three 
things  are  requisite  to  sustain  a  large  city,  one  of 
which,  it  is  to  be  hoped,  will  never  be  found  in 
the  United  States.  There  must  be  extensive 
commerce,  or  manufactures,  or  an  expensive  and 
luxurious  court,  with  the  multitudes  which  a  lux- 
urious court  draws  around  it,  to  expend  their 
money.  This  last  constitutes  a  great  item  in  the 
support  of  some  European  cities.  Washington 
cannot  be  expected  to  become  a  very  great  com- 


mercial or  manufacturing  place  ;  and  though  the 
chief  men  of  the  government,  and  the  national 
legislature,  and  the  multitudes  whom  they  draw 
around  them,  do  much  toward  the  prosperity  of 
Washington,  the  money  thus  expended  is  too 
small  in  amount  to  constitute  a  main  reliance  of 
a  large  city.  Baltimore,  in  the  vicinity,  will  be 
likely  to  surpass  Washington  in  commerce  and 
manufactures,  for  a  long  time  to  come.  The 
growth  of  Washington,  however,  has  been  con- 
siderably extensive,  and  it  is  continually  increas- 
ing; and  probably  the  bustle  of  a  large  city 
would  not  much  improve  it  as  a  seat  for  the  na- 
tional congress.  It  enjoys  the  two  important 
requisites  for  health,  pure  air  and  good  water, 
and  there  is  much  elegant  and  refined  society, 
rendering  it  a  pleasant  place  of  residence. 

The  public  buildings  of  Washington  have  a 
splendor  becoming  a  great  nation.  The  Capitol 
is  probably  the  finest  senate  house  in  the  world, 
and  it  is  fit  that  the  most  august  legislative  as- 
sembly on  earth  should  be  thus  accommodated. 
The  ground  on  which  the  Capitol  stands  is  ele- 
vated 73  feet  above  the  level  of  the  tide,  and  af- 
fords a  commanding  view  of  the  different  parts  of 
the  city,  and  of  the  surrounding  country.  The 
building,  which  is  of  freestone,  covers  an  area 
of  more  than  an  acre  and  a  half;  the  length  of 
the  front  is  352  feet,  including  the  wings ;  the 
depth  of  the  wings  is  121  feet.  The  centre  build- 
ing is  surmounted  by  a  lofty  dome  ;  and  there  are 
2  less  elevated  domes,  one  toward  each  end.  A 
projection  on  the  east  or  main  front,  including  the 
steps,  is  65  feet  wide ;  and  another  on  the  west 
front,  with  the  steps,  is  83  feet  wide.  In  the  pro- 
jection on  the  east  front,  there  is  a  noble  portico 
of  22  lofty  Corinthian  columns  ;  and  in  the  west 
front  there  is  a  portico  of  10  Corinthian  columns. 
The  height  of  the  building  to  the  top  of  the  dome 
is  120  feet.  Under  the  dome  in  the  middle  of  the 
building  is  the  Rotundo,  a  circular  room  95  feet  in 
diameter,  and  of  the  same  height,  adorned  with 
sculptures  representing  in  relief  Smith  delivered 
by  Pocahontas,  the  Pilgrims  landing  at  Plymouth, 
Penn  treating  with  the  natives,  and  a  fight  of 
Boone  with  the  Indians  ;  and  4  magnificent  paint- 
ings by  Trumbull,  with  figures  as  large  as  life, 
representing  the  presentation  to  Congress  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  the  capture  of  Bur- 
goyne,  the  surrender  of  Cornwallis,  and  Wash- 
ington resigning  his  commission  to  Congress. 
Another  painting,  the  baptism  of  Pocahontas,  by 
Chapman,  has  recently  been  added.  The  Ro- 
tundo has  recently  received  a  splendid  additional 
ornament  in  Greenough's  statue  of  Washington, 
a  colossal  figure  in  a  sitting  posture,  twice  as 
large  as  life.  On  the  west  of  the  Rotundo  is  the 
Library  room  of  Congress,  92  feet  by  34,  and  is 
36  feet  in  height,  containing,  in  arched  alcoves, 
20,000  volumes.  In  the  second  story  of  the  south 
wing  of  the  Capitol  is  the  Hall  of  the  House  of 
Representatives,  of  a  semi-circular  form,  96  feet 
long  and  60  high,  with  a  dome  supported  by  24 
beautiful  columns  of  variegated  marble  from  the 
Potomac,  with  capitals  of  Italian  marble,  of  the 
Corinthian  order.  The  circular  wall  is  surround- 
ed by  a  gallery  for  men,  and  the  chord  of  the 
arc,  back  of  the  Speaker's  chair,  has  a  gallery  for 
the  ladies.  The  room  is  ornamented  with  some 
fine  statuary  and  paintings,  and  the  whole  furni- 
ture of  it  is  elegant.  The  Senate  Chamber  is  in 
the  second  story  of  the  north  wing  of  the  Capitol, 
and  is  semi-circular  like  that  of  the  Representa- 
tives, but  smaller,  being  75  feet  long  and  45  feet 
high.  The  Vice-president's  chair  is  canopied  by 
a  rich  crimson  drapery,  held  by  the  talons  of  a 
hovering  eagle.    A  gallery  of  light  bronze  run- 


WAS 


701 


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ning  round  the  arc  in  front  of  the  Vice-president's 
chair,  is  mainly  appropriated  to  ladies.  There  is 
another  gallery  above  and  behind  the  chair,  sup- 
ported by  fine  Ionic  columns  of  variegated  mar- 
ble. A  magnificent  chandelier  hangs  in  the  cen- 
tre of  the  room,  and  the  whole  appearance  ami 
furniture  of  the  room  are  splendid.  Below  the 
Senate  Chamber,  and  of  nearly  the  same  form 
and  dimensions,  but  much  less  elegant,  is  the 
room  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States ; 
and  there  are  in  the  building  70  rooms  for  the  ac- 
commodation of  committees  and  officers  of  Con- 
gress. The  grounds  around  the  Capitol  are  spa- 
cious, containing  22  acres,  highly  ornamented 
with  gravelled  walks,  shrubbery,  and  trees,  a 
naval  monument  ornamented  with  statuary,  and 
fountains,  and  the  whole  is  enclosed  by  a  hand- 
some iron  railing.  The  whole  cost  of  the  build- 
ing has  exceeded  £2,000,000. 

The  President's  house,  a  mile  and  a  half  N.  w. 
from  the  Capitol,  is  an  elegant  edifice  of  freestone, 
2  stories  high,  with  a  lofty  basement,  and  is  170 
feet  long  and  86  wide,  the  N.  front  of  which  is 
ornamented  with  a  fine  portico  of  4  lofty  Ionic 
columns,  projecting  with  3  columns.    The  outer 
intercolumniation  is  for  carriages  to  drive  under, 
to  place  company  under  shelter.     It  stands  in  the 
centre  of  a  plat  of  ground  of  20  acres,  beautifully 
laid  out  and  highly  ornamented.     It  is  elevated 
44  feet  above  tide-water,  and  the  southern  front 
presents  a  grand  and  beautiful  prospect.    The 
apartments  within  are  admirably  fitted  to  their 
purpose,  and  splendidly  furnished.     On  the  E. 
side  of  the  President's  house  are  two  large  build- 
ings, and  on  the  w.  side  two  large  buildings  for 
the  departments  of  State,  of  the  Treasury,  of 
War,  and  of  the  Navy.     The  General  Post-Office 
and  the  Patent-Office  are  also  extensive  build- 
ings.    These,  with  the  new  Treasury  building, 
have  been  recently  erected,  to  supply  the  place 
of  those  which  were  burned  a  few  years  since. 
The  new  Treasury  building  contains  150  rooms, 
and  when  completed,  will  contain  250.     It  has  a 
splendid  colonnade,  457  feet  in  length.  The  Gen- 
eral Post-Oifice  contains  about  80  rooms,  and  is 
of  the  Corinthian  order,  with  columns  and  pilas- 
ters, on  a  rustic  base.    The  Patent-Office,  in  ad 
dition  to  other  spacious  apartments,  has  one  room 
in  the  upper  story  275  feet  by  65,  and  when  com- 
pleted by  w  ings,  according  to  the  original  design, 
will  be  upwards  of  400  feet  in  length.     It  is  con 
sidered  one  of  the  most  splendid  rooms  in  Ameri 
ca,  and  is  devoted  to  the  grand  and  increasing 
collections  of  the  national  institution.   The  porti- 
co of  this  building  is  of  the  same  extent  as  that 
of  the   Parthenon,   at  Athens,  consisting  of  1G 
columns,  in  double  rows,  50  feet  high.     In  the 
war-office  was  formerly  kept  the  fine  collection 
of  Indian  portraits,  painted  from  the  original  heads 
by  King.     These  valuable  pictures  are  now  in 
the  custody,  and  adorn  the  collections   of  the 
National  Institution,  in  the  patent-office. 

The  Navy  Yard  is  on  the  Eastern  branch, 
about  three  fourths  of  a  mile  s.  E.  of  the  Capitol, 
and  contains  27  acres.  It  has  houses  for  the 
officers,  and  shops  and  warehouses,  and  2  large 
ship  houses,  a  neat  armory,  and  every  kind  of 
naval  stores.  Several  ships  of  war,  some  of 
which  were  of  the  largest  class,  have  been  built 
at  this  yard.  There  are  also  in  the  city  an  Ar- 
senal, a  City  Hall,  an  Hospital,  a  Penitentiary,  a 
Theatre  &c. 

Washington  is  separated  from  Georgetown  by 
Rock  creek,  over  which  are  2  bridges.  A  sub- 
stantial pile  bridge,  over  a  mile  in  length,  crosses 
tne  Potomac,  and  leads  to  Alexandria.  There  is 
a  bridge,  also,  over  the  Anacostia,  or  Eastern 


branch.  This  river  has  water  of  sufficient  depth 
for  frigates  to  ascend  to  the  navy  yard,  without 
being  lightened.  Vessels  requiring  14  feet  of 
water  can  come  up  to  the  Potomac  bridge  By 
means  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  canal,  a  com- 
munication is  opened  with  a  rich  back  country  ; 
and  it  may  be  expected  that  the  commence  of 
Washington  will  increase.  The  Washington 
canal  is  a  continuation  of  this  canal  through  tho 
city.  It  extends  from  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio 
canal,  at  17th-street,  west,  to  whicli  it  is  connected 
by  a  lock  at  that  street,  to  the  Eastern  branch. 
The  canal  and  all  the  basins  are  walled  with 
stone  on  both  sides.  From  17th  to  14th  street,  is 
a  spacious  basin,  500  feet  wide  ;  from  14th  to  6th 
street,  where  there  is  another  ample  basin,  its 
width  is  150  feet ;  and  from  6th  street  to  its  ter- 
mination in  the  Eastern  branch,  its  width  varies 
from  45  to  80  feet ;  and  its  depth  is  4  feet  below 
tide  throughout.  At  its  eastern  termination  is 
another  spacious  basin  and  wharf,  which  extends 
to  the  channel.  This  canal  has  been  greatly 
neglected,  and  is  much  out  of  repair.  The  ex- 
pense of  this  canal  has  been  over  $230,000. 

There  were  in  the  city  in  1840, 106  stores,  cap. 
$926,040;  6  lumber  yards,  cap.  $57,000 ;  precious 
metals  manufactured  to  the  amount  of  $13,000; 
various  other  metals  $17,300 ;  2  tanneries,  cap. 
$2,000 ;  1  brewery,  cap.  $63,000 ;  2  potteries, 
cap.  $3,250;  1  rope- walk,  1  grist  m.,  11  printing 
offices,  9  binderies,  3  daily,  5  weekly,  5  semi- 
weekly  newspapers,  and  3  periodicals,  cap. 
$149,500;  30  brick  and  stone,  and  23  wooden 
houses  built,  cost  $86,910.  Total  cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $336,275. 

The  Columbian  College  was  incorporated  by 
an  act  of  Congress,  in  1821.  It  is  delightfully 
situated  on  elevated  ground  n.  of  the  President's 
house,  about  2i  miles  from  the  Capitol.  The 
buildings  are  a  college  edifice,  5  stories  high,  in- 
cluding the  basement  and  the  attic,  having  48 
rooms  for  students,  with  2  dormitories  attached  to 
each,  2  dwelling-houses,  for  professors,  and  a 
philosophical  hall,  all  of  brick.  It  has  a  medical 
department  attached.  The  Medical  College  is 
situated  at  the  corner  of  10th  and  E  streets,  at 
equal  distances  from  the  Capitol  and  the  Presi- 
dent's house.  In  the  several  departments  are  a 
president,  10  professors,  and  in  the  college  pro- 
per, about  25  students.  There  are  about  4,200 
books  in  its  libraries.  The  commencement  is  on 
the  first  Wednesday  of  October.  The  whole 
number  of  alumni  is  97.  It  is  under  the  direction 
of  the  Baptists. 

There  were  in  the  city  in  1840,  12  academies, 
with  609  students,  9  primary  and  common  schools, 
with  330  scholars. 

The  National  Institution  for  the  Promotion  of 
Science,  was  organized  in  May,  1840.  The  Pres- 
ident of  the  United  States  is  patron ;  the  heads 
of  departments  constitute  6  directors  on  the  part 
of  the  government,  and  6  literary  and  scientific 
gentlemen  are  directors  on  the  part  of  the  institu- 
tion. Its  stated  monthly  meetings  are  held  in  the 
patent-office  building.  Its  collections  are  deposi- 
ted in  the  grand  hallof  this  building, 275 feet  long 
and  65  feet  wide,  and  constitute  a  rapidly  in- 
creasing scientific  museum.  The  United  States 
exploring  expedition  has  added  largely  to  its  cu- 
riosities. The  Historical  Society  and  the  Colum- 
bian Institute  have  united  with  it,  with  their 
libraries  and  collections.  They  have  a  valuable 
mineralogical  cabinet  It  is  proposed  to  bring 
out  regularly  volumes  of  transactions.  If  proper- 
ly fostered,  it  may  become  an  honor  to  the  nation. 
The  Union  Literary  Society  has  been  in  existence 
for  many  years,  and  holds  a  weekly  discussion 


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702 


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in  the  lecture  room  of  the  medical  college,  and 
is  well  attended.  Sectarian  religion  and  party 
politics  are  excluded  from  its  discussions.  The 
City  Library  contains  about  6,000  volumes. 

The  city  contains  21  places  of  worship,  of  which 
the  Presbyterians  have  4,  the  Episcopalians  3, 
the  Baptists  3,  the  Methodists  3,  Protestant  do. 
],  Roman  Catholics  3,  the  Africans  2,  and  the 
Unitarians  and  Friends  1  each. 

There  are  2  orphan  asylums.  There  are  3 
banks,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $1,500,000  ; 
and  2  insurance  companies,  with  an  aggregate 
capital  of  $450,000. 

The  congressional  burial  ground  is  in  the  east- 
ern section  of  Washington,  about  a  mile  and  a 
half  from  the  Capitol,  and  contains  about  10  acres 
of  ground,  near  the  Eastern  branch.  The  grounds 
are  tastefully  laid  out  and  neatly  kept.  It  has 
already  received  a  number  of  distinguished  men, 
and  has  some  fine  monuments,  and  a  vault  in 
which  bodies  are  placed  that  are  awaiting  a  re- 
moval. 

This  city  was  fixed  on  as  the  future  seat  of  the 
government  in  accordance  with  the  suggestion 
of  the  great  man  whose  name  it  bears,  and  the 
ground  on  which  it  stands  was  ceded  to  the  Uni- 
ted States  in  December,  1788.  The  owners  of 
the  land  gave  one  half  of  it,  after  deducting  streets 
and  public  squares,  to  the  United  States  to  defray 
the  expenses  of  the  public  buildings.  Such 
grounds  as  should  be  wanted  by  the  United  States 
was  to  be  paid  for  at  the  rate  of  $66  66  cents  per 
acre.  It  was  laid  out  by  3  commissioners,  in 
1791,  and  surveyed  under  the  direction  of  Andrew 
Ellicot.  The  seatofthe  federal  government  was 
removed  to  this  place  in  1800.  The  north  wing 
of  the  Capitol  was  commenced  in  1793,  and  finish- 
ed in  1800,  at  an  expense  of  $480,202.  The  south 
wing  was  commenced  in  1803,  and  finished  in 
1808,  at  an  expense  of  $308,808.  The  centre 
building  was  commenced  in  1818,  and  finished  in 
1827,  at  an  expense  of  $957,647.  In  August,  18 14, 
Washington  was  captured  by  the  British,  under 
Gen.  Ross,  who  set  fire  to  the  Capitol,  the  Presi- 
dent's house,  and  the  public  offices,  with  the 
exception  of  the  patent-office,  which  was  saved 
by  the  solicitation  of  its  superintendent.  The 
library  of  Congress  was  burned,  and  was  after- 
wards replaced  by  the  purchase  of  that  of  Mr. 
Jefferson,  consisting  of  7,000  volumes,  for  $23,000, 
in  1815. 

Washington,  p-v.,  Rappahannock  co.,  Va.,  123 
N.  N.  w.  Richmond,  75  W.  Situated  at  the  s.  E. 
foot  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  an  academy,  1  church,  free  to  all  denomina- 
tions, 4  stores,  various  mechanic  shops,  50  dwell- 
ings, and  about  375  inhabitants.  In  the  vicinity 
are  two  extensive  flouring  m. 

Washington,  p-v.,  capital  of  Beaufort  co.,  N. 
C,  127  e.  by  s.  Raleigh,  313  W.  Situated  on  the  N. 
side  of  Tar  r.,  at  its  entrance  into  Pamlico  river, 
a  branch  of  Pamlico  sound,  at  the  head  of  ship 
navigation.  Its  exports  and  its  shipping  are  ex- 
tensive. Tonnage,  1840,  5,401.  It  has  a  court 
house,  jail,  a  church,  several  stores,  and  about 
1,200  inhabitants. 

Washington,  p-v.,  capital  of  Wilkes  co.,  Ga., 
50  w.  n.  w.  Augusta,  78  n.  e.  Milledgeville,  570 
W.  Situated  on  Kettle  cr.,  a  branch  of  Little  r. 
It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  a  bank,  an  academy, 
a  masonic  hall,  all  of  brick,  3  churches — 1  Pres- 
byterian, 1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist — 33  stores,  a 
printing  office,  75  dwellings,  chiefly  of  wood,  and 
about  800  inhabitants. 

Washington,  p-v.,  Autauga  co.,  Ala.,  102  s.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  842  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of 
Alabama  r.,  10  ms.  below  Montgomery/  It  was 


laid  out  in  1820,  and  contains  a  court  house,  of 
brick,  having  been  formerly  capital  of  the  co., 
and  a  Baptist  church,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 
It  was  formerly  the  site  of  a  large  Indian  v.  called 
Autauga. 

Washington,  p-v.,  Adams  co.,  Miss.,  6  n.  e. 
Natchez,  84  s.  w.  Jackson,  1,104  W.  Incorpora- 
ted 1  m.  square,  and  contains  an  hospital  and  poor- 
house,  of  brick,  1  Baptist  and  1  Methodist  church, 
a  female  seminary,  a  United  States  land  office, 
and  about  400  inhabitants.  It  is  the  seat  of  Jeffer- 
son college,  founded  in  1802.  It  has  a  large  brick 
edifice,  handsomely  located,  capable  of  accom- 
modating 100  students,  a  fund  of  nearly  $200,000, 
and  an  annual  income  of  about  $8,000.  The  li- 
brary contains  1,522  vols. 

Washington,  p-v.,  St.  Landry  par.,  La.,  223 
w.  N.  w.  New  Orleans,  1,236  W.  Situated  on 
the  s.  w.  side  of  bayou  Teche,  and  contains  about 
125  inhabitants. 

Washington,  p-v.,  capital  of  Rhea  co.,  Tenn., 
134  e.  s.  E.  Nashville,  566  W.  Situated  on  the 
w.  side  of  Tennessee  r.,  and  contains  a  court 
house  and  jail,  and  110  inhabitants. 

Washington,  p-v.,  capital  of  Mason  co.,  Ky., 
77  e.  s.  e.  Frankfort,  465  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  an  academy,  4  churches,  and  about 
550  inhabitants. 

Washington,  p-v.,  Wills  t.,  Guernsey  co.,  O., 
85  e.  Columbus,  308  W.  Situated  on  the  nation- 
al road.  It  contains  4  churches,  4  stores,  80 
dwellings,  and  about  500  inhabitants. 

Washington,  t.,  Allen  co.,  O.    Pop.  457. 

Washington,  t.,  Belmont  co.,  O.  Drained  by 
Captina  cr.,  which  affords  water  power.  It  has 
5  sch.  142  scholars.     Pop.  1,387. 

Washington,  t.,  Brown  co.,  O.,  12  n.  e.  George- 
town.    It  has  1  sch.  20  scholars.     Pop.  848. 

Washington,  t.,  Carroll  co.,  O.  Situated  im- 
mediately N.  of  Carrollton.  It  has  1  sch.  25  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  1,024. 

Washington,  t.,  Clermont  co.,  O.  Bounded 
s.  by  Ohio  r.,  and  contains  the  villages  of  Neville 
and  Moscow.  It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $14,050 ;  2 
tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $9,000.  10  sch.  510  scholars.  Pop.  2,100. 

Washington,  t.,  Clinton  co.,  O.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $640 ;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  8  sch. 
494  scholars.    Pop.  1,170. 

Washington,  t.,  Coshocton  co.,  O.,  12  s.  E. 
Coshocton  C.  H.  It  has  1  saw  m.,  1  sch.  20  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  1,029. 

Washington,  t.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.  It  has  4 
sch.  145  scholars.     Pop.  812. 

Washington,  t.,  Darke  co.,  O.  Bounded  w. 
by  la.     Pop.  889. 

Washington,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  O.  Scioto  r. 
bounds  it  on  the  e.  Situated  in  the  Virginia  Mil- 
itary district.     It  has  3  sch.  57  scholars.    Pop.  843. 

Washington,  t.,  Guernsey  co.,  O.  It  has  3 
sch.  105  scholars.     Pop.  1,353. 

Washington,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  O.  It  has  1 
tannery,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,200.  7 
sch.  252  scholars.     Pop.  809. 

Washington,  t.,  Hardin  co.,  O.    Pop.  203. 

Washington,  t.,  Harrison  co.,  O.  It  contains 
Williamsport  v.  It  has  5  sch.  211  scholars.  Pop. 
1,022. 

Washington,  t.,  Hocking  co.,  O.  It  has  1  sch. 
25  scholars.     Pop.  1,124. 

Washington,  t.,  Holmes  co.,  O.  It  contains 
Nashville  v.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $1,425  ;  1  tan- 
nery, 3  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $21,185.  4  sch.  215  scholars.  Pop.  1,461. 

Washington,  t.,  Jackson  co.,  O.  It  has  1  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  sch.  20  scholars.    Pop.  481. 

Washington,  t.,  Licking  co.,  O..,  13  n.  New- 


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703 


\\   US 


ark.  It  contains  Utica  v.,  and  has  3  sell.  73  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,318. 

Washington,  t.,  Marion  co.,  O.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $1,100;  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  I  flooring  in.. 
3  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  maimfac.  |7,0 
BCh.  200  scholars.     Pop.  880. 

Washington,  t.,  Merest  co.,  O.    Pop.  214. 

Washington,!.,  Montgomery  co.,  O.  It  has 
12  sch.  915  scholars.     Pop.  2,210. 

Washington,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  O.    Pop.  533. 

Washington,  t.,  Pickaway  co.,  O.  (Formerly 
included  in  Circle  ville.)  It  has  1  pottery,  1  saw 
m.,  3  sell.  17-J  scholars.     Pop.  1,194. 

Washington,  t,  Sandusky  co.,  O.   Pop.  1,074. 

Washington,  t-.  Shelby  co.,  O.  It  was  for- 
merly called  Grayson.  Watered  by  a  branch  of 
Miami  r.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $1,575  ;  1  tannery, 
2  flooring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $7,090.    5  sch.  118  scholars.    Pop.  1,688. 

Washington,  t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.  It  con- 
tains Jackson  v.,  has  several  salt  fac.,  and  con- 
tains an  ancient  fortification  and  several  mounds. 
It  has  1  sch.  20  scholars.     Pop.  1,488. 

Washington,  t.,  Preble  co.,  O.  Organized  in 
1809.  The  soil  is  fertile  and  well  watered.  It 
contains  Eaton  v.,  the  capital  of  the  co.,  4  flour- 
ing m.,  4  saw  m.,  and  2  carding  machines.  Pop. 
2,459. 

Washington,  t.,  Richland  co.,  O.  Situated 
immediately  s.  of  Mansfield,  the  capital  of  the 
co.    Pop.  1,914. 

Washington,  t,  Scioto  co.,  O.  Bounded  s. 
by  Ohio  r.,  and  e.  by  Scioto  r.  The  surface  is 
uneven  and  rough,  excepting  on  the  rivers,  where 
are  extensive  and  very  fertile  alluvial  tracts.  It 
has  extensive  quarries  of  fine  freestone.  It  con- 
tains Alexandria  v.  The  Ohio  canal  passes 
through  it,  and  by  its  waste  water  affords  water 
power.     It  has  2  sch.  50  scholars.     Pop.  653. 

Washington,  t.,  Tuscarawas  co.,  O.  Organ- 
ized in  1827.  It  has  1  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  4 
saw  m.,  6  sch.  430  scholars.     Pop.  978. 

Washington,  t.,  Miami  co.,  O.  It  contains 
Piqua  v.  It  has  3  commission  houses,  capital 
$3,500;  22  stores,  cap.  $122,000;  1  distillery,  2 
fulling  m.,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $14,300.     Pop.  1,161. 

Washington,  t.,  Starke  co.,  O.  The  surface 
is  level ;  timber,  beech  and  sugar  maple.  It  has 
600  scholars  in  schools.     Pop.  1,389. 

Washington,  t.,  Union  co.,  O.  It  has  1  sch. 
35  scholars.    Pop.  151. 

Washington,  t.,  Van  Wert  co.,  O.    Pop.  47. 

Washington,  t.,  Wood  co.,  O.  It  has  1  sch. 
26  scholars.     Pop.  196. 

Washington,  t.,  Williams  co.,  O.    Pop.  98. 

Washington,  t.,  Adams  co.,  la.    Pop.  262. 

Washington,  t.,  Allen  co.,  la.  It  has  3  sch. 
60  scholars.     Pop.  595. 

Washington,  t.,  Blackford  co.,  la.    Pop.  143. 

Washington,  t.,  Brown  co.,  la.    Pop.  384. 

Washington,  t..  Clay  co.,  la.  It  has  1  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac.  1,450.  Pop. 
1,046. 

Washington,  t.,  Gibson  co.,  la.  It  has  2  sch. 
64  scholars.    Pop.  640. 

Washington,  t.,  Grant  co.,  la.    Pop.  539. 

Washington,  t.,  Hamilton  co.,  la.  It  has  1 
sch.  16  scholars.    Pop.  1,2S5. 

Washington,  t.,  Harrison  co.,  la.  It  has  1 
tannery,  1  distillery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.   Pop.  721. 

Washington,  t.,  Marion  co.,  la.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $3,000 ;  2  tanneries,  4  distilleries,  5 
grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,505  ;  8 
sch.  335  scholars.     Pop.  1,859. 

Washington,  t.,  Noble  co.,  la.  It  lias  1  saw 
m.    Pop.  259 


Washington,  t..  Putnam  co.,  la.  It  has  5 
stores,  capii  tannery,  1  distillery,  1 

pottery,  1  flouring  in..  5  griSI  in.,"  1  saw  in.  Tap. 
in  manufac.  $5,100.  5  sch.  385  scholars.  Pop. 
1,872. 

Washington,  t.,  Randolph  <-<>.,  la.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $3,6(H) ;  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  3  sch. 
55  scholars.     Pop.  1,219. 

Washington,  t.,  Rush  co.,  la.  It  has  4  sch. 
98  scholars.    Pop.  1,163. 

Washington,  t.,  Tippecanoe  co.,  la.  Pop. 809. 

Washington,  t..  Wayne  co.,  |;i.  it  bat  l  scad. 
45  students,  3  sch.  126  scholars.     Pop    I 

Washington,  t.,  Washington  ooH  la.    It  has 
11  stores,  cap.  $22,000;  2  cotton  hi 
tanneries,  2  printing  offices,  2  wc<lly  rjewipe* 
pers,  4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.    Cap.  in  inau- 
ufac.  $52,075.     1  sch.  27  scholars.    Pop.  1 

Washington,  p-t.,  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  29  n. 
e.  Detroit,  553  W.  Watered  by  Stony  cr.  and 
head  waters  of  Middle  branch  of  Clinton  r.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile,  adapted  to  grain.  It  has  5 
stores,  cap.  $11,500;  3  sch.  67  scholars.  Pop. 
1,314. 

Washington,  p-v.,  capital  of  Daviess  co.,  la., 
106  s.  w.  Indianapolis,  668  W.  Situated  4  miles 
E.  of  the  w.  fork  of  White  r.,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  2  churches,  9  stores,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw 
m.,  1  carding  machine,  1  linseed  and  castor  oil 
fac,  and  about  650  inhabitants. 

Washington,  p-v.,  Tazewell  co.,  HI.,  71  N 
Springfield,  785  W.  It  contains  7  stores,  1  steam 
saw  m.,  and  about  350  inhabitants.  Situated  on 
the  s.  side  of  Holland's  Grove,  on  the  border  of 
a  delightful  prairie. 

Washington,  p  v.,  capital  of  Washington  co., 
Iowa.  Situated  near  a  branch  of  Crooked  creek, 
and  contains  the  county  buildings,  and  about  100 
inhabitants. 

Washington,  p-v.,  Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  76  e, 
Jefferson  City,  871  W. 

Washington,  t.,  Buchanan  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  481 

Washington,  t.,  Clarke  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch. 
14  scholars.     Pop.  314. 

Washington,  t.,  Johnson  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1 
sch.  25  scholars.     Pop.  476. 

Washington,  t.,  Lafayette  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  458. 

Washington,  t.,  Livingston  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  167. 

Washington,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  Mo.  It  has  3 
sch.  75  scholars.     Pop.  1,367. 

Washington,  t.,  Polk  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  417. 

Washington,  t.,  Taney  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  275. 

Washington,  p-v.,  capital  of  Hempstead  co., 
Ark.,  Ill  s.  w.  Little  Rock,  1,176  W.  Situated 
on  a  small  branch  of  Red  r.,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  a  U.  S.  land  office,  and  about  400  in- 
habitants. 

Washington,  t.,  Sevier  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1 
sch.  24  scholars.    Pop.  516. 

Washington,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  Washington  co., 
Ala.,  146  s.  s.  w.  Tuscaloosa,  960  W.  (Now  Bar- 
ryton,  which  see.) 

Washington,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Fayette 
co.,  O.,  50  s.  w.  Columbus,  423  W.  It  contains 
a  court  house,  jail,  1  church,  9  stores,  a  printing 
office,  and  about  80  dwellings.  Letters  should 
be  directed  to  Washington  C.  H.,  to  distingoish 
it  from  Washington  p-o.,  Goernsey  co.,  O. 

Washington  Depot,  p-o.,  New  Hanover  co., 
N.C. 

Washington  Hollow,  p-o.,  Washington  t., 
Dutchess  co.,  N.  Y.,  82  s.  by  e.  Albany,  311  W. 

Washingtonville,  v.,  Sandy  Creek  t.,  Oswe- 
go co.,  N.  Y.  It  contains  3  churches— 1  Presby- 
terian, 1  Methodist,  and  1  Universalist ;  3  stores, 
1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  clothier's  works,  1  fur- 
nace, 1  tannery,  and  about  250  inhabitants. 


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Washingtonville,  v.,  Blooming  Grove  t., 
Orange  co.,  N.  Y.  ,10  w.  Newburgh.  It  contains 
an  academy,  4  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  plaster  m., 
1  tannery,  30  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabit- 
ants. 

Washingtonville,  p-v.,  Derry  t.,  Columbia 
co.,  Pa.,  79  n.  n.  E.  Harrisburg,  189  W.  It  con- 
tains 2  stores  and  about  35  dwellings. 

Washingtonville,  p-v.,  Greene  t.,  Columbi- 
ana co.,  O.,  162  e.  n.  E.  Columbus,  294  W.  It 
contains  4  stores,  2  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  and  about 
35  dwellings.  It  has  1  sch.  13  scholars.  Pop. 
107. 

Washita,  r.,  Ark.  and  La.,  rises  in  Sevier 
co.,  Ark.,  and  receives  Little  Missouri  on  the  w. 
side  on  the  s.  border  of  Clarke  co.,  and  Saline  r. 
from  the  n.  on  the  s.  extremity  of  Bradley  co., 
enters  La.,  and  receiving  Bayou  Bartholomew 
and  Bayou  Boeuf,  it  flows  s.  by  E.  to  its  junction 
with  Tensas  r.  to  form  Black  r.,  which  flows  into 
Red  r. 

Washita,  parish,  La.  Situated  toward  the 
N.  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  2,090  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Washita  r.  and  its  branches,  and  by 
head  branches  of  Little  r.  The  surface  is  exten- 
sively covered  by  pine  forest,  but  in  some  parts, 
on  the  streams,  the  land  is  liable  to  be  overflowed. 
Cotton  is  the  chief  production.  Capital,  Monroe. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,642,  sheep  350, 
swine  4,128  ;  Indian  corn  32,898  bush,  produced, 
oats  2,240,  potatoes  5,360,  cotton  1,724,658  pounds ; 
3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,000. 
1  acad.  30  students,  5  sch.  115  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  2,18S,  slaves  2,438,  free  colored  14;  total, 
4,640. 

Washtenaw,  county,  Mich.  Situated  toward 
the  s.  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  720  sq. 
ms.  Organized  in  1826.  Drained  by  Huron, 
Raisin,  Macon,  and  Saline  rivers,  and  Mullet's, 
Honey,  Mill,  and  Paint  creeks.  It  contains  sev- 
eral lakes.  The  surface  is  gently  undulating; 
soil,  a  deep  and  fertile  black  loam  and  clay. 
Prairie  and  timber  land  are  interspersed.  Raisin 
r.,  and  Huron  r.  and  its  branches,  afford  water 
power.  It  is  among  the  best  counties  of  the 
state.  Capital,  Ann  Arbor.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  22,208,  sheep  19,273,  swine  30,141  ; 
wheat  216,597  bush,  produced,  rye  2,941,  Indian 
corn  220,096,  buckwheat  22,600,  barley  31,050, 
oats  284,181,  potatoes  210,224,  sugar  108,047 
pounds ;  65  stores,  cap.  $249,325 ;  2  furnaces,  3 
fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  4  tanneries,  4  distiller- 
ies, 11  flouring  m.,  7  grist  m.,  41  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $314,555.     Pop.  23,571. 

Watauga,  r.,  N.  C.  and  Tenn.,  rises  in  Ashe 
co.,  N.  C,  and  flowing  n.  w.  into  Tenn.,  it  unites 
with  the  s.  fork  of  Holston  r.,  on  the  s.  border  of 
Sullivan  co. 

Waterborough,  p-t.,  York  co.,  Me.,  25  n. 
York,  76  s.  w.  Augusta,  521  W.  Little  Ossipee 
r.  separates  it  from  Limerick  on  the  n.  A  pond 
in  its  w.  part  flows  into  Mousum  r.,  which  enters 
the  Atlantic  in  Kennebunk  t.  The  surface  is 
pleasantly  diversified  ;  soil,  fertile.  Incorporated 
in  1787.  It  has  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  3  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,425.  16  sch. 
691  scholars.    Pop.  1,944. 

Waterborough,  p-v.,  Poland  t,  Chautauque 
co.,  N.  Y.,  318  w.  by  s.  Albany,  331  W.  Situa- 
ted on  Conewango  creek,  and  contains  1  store,  1 
saw  m.,  25  dwellings,  and  about  150  inhabit- 
ants. 

Waterborough  Centre,  p-o.,  Waterborough 
t.,  York  co.,  Me.,  75  s.  w.  Augusta,  525  W. 

Waterburg,  p-o.,  Tompkins  co.,  N.  Y.,  173 

w.  by  s.  Albany,  306  W. 

Waterburg,  p-v.,  Sheridan  t,  Calhoun  co., 


Mich.,  92  w.  Detroit,  569  W.  Situated  on  the  N 
side  of  Kalamazoo  r. 

Waterbury,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  12  n. 
w.  Montpelier,  525  W.  The  surface  is  level  or 
gently  uneven ;  soil,  fertile,  particularly  on  the 
streams.  Watered  by  Onion  or  Winooski  and 
Waterbury  rivers,  the  latter  of  which,  with  its 
branches,  affords  water  power.  The  principal 
v.,  in  the  s.  part,  near  Onion  r.,  contains  I  Con- 
gregational and  1  Methodist  church,  3  stores,  va- 
rious mechanic  shops,  and  a  number  of  neat 
dwellings.  In  the  s.  w.  corner  Onion  r.  has  a 
curious  passage  through  the  rocks,  which  have 
fallen  into  the  chasm,  forming  a  natural  bridge, 
and  being  near  the  road  it  is  deserving  the  attention 
of  the  curious  traveller.  There  are  in  the  t.  2 
stores,  cap.  $11,000;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac.  $19,500. 
19  sch.  595  scholars.     Pop.  1,992. 

Waterbury,  p-t.,  New  Haven  co.,  Ct.,  52  s.  s. 
w.  Hartford,  310  W.  The  surface  is  rough.  Wa- 
tered by  Naugatuck  r.,  which  affords  good  water 
power.  The  v.,  at  the  centre,  contains  4  church- 
hs — 1  Congregational,  1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  and 

1  Methodist — and  about  1,500  inhabitants.  It 
contains  several  extensive  manufactories.  The  t. 
has  17  stores,  cap.  $88,370 ;  5  fulling  m.,  3  wool- 
len fac,  3  cotton  fac.  570  sp.,  2  tanneries,  3  dis- 
tilleries, 5  grist  m.,  16  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$718,309.  2  acad.  75  students,  23  sch.  735  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  3,668. 

Waterbury  Centre,  p-v.,  Waterbury  t, 
Washington  co.,  Vt.,  15  n.  w.  Montpelier,  5-18  W. 
It  contains  2  churches,  of  brick — 1  Baptist  and  1 
Methodist — 1  store,  and  a  number  of  dwellings. 

Wateree,  r.,  N.  C.  and  S.  O,  rises  in  N.  O, 
and  is  called  the  Catawba  until  it  enters  S.  C, 
where  it  is  called  the  Wateree  to  its  union  with 
the  Congaree  to  form  Santee  r. 

Waterford,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  53  w.  Au- 
gusta, 583  W.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  fertile, 
adapted  to  grain.  It  has  a  large  pond  toward  its 
E.  part,  which  flows  into  Crooked  r.,  by  which  it, 
is  drained,  and  which  flows  into  Sebago  pond. 
Incorporated  in  1797.   It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $5,500 ; 

2  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,290.  12  schools  527 
scholars.    Pop.  1,381. 

Waterford,  p-t.,  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  49  e.  n. 
e.  Montpelier,  547  W.  Bounded  on  the  s.  e.  by 
Connecticut  r.,  in  which,  opposite  to  the  t.,  is  a 
portion  of  the  15  mile  falls.  The  surface  is  rough ; 
soil,  on  the  streams,  fertile,  otherwise  adapted  to 
grazing.  Watered  by  Pasumpsic  r.,  and  Moose 
r.  runs  through  its  N.  E.  corner.  It  contains  3 
churches — 1  Congregational,  1  Free-will  Baptist, 
and  1  Methodist.  Stiles's  pond,  in  the  s.  E.  part, 
covers  100  acres.     Incorporated  in  1797.     It  has 

3  stores,  cap.  $15,000;  1  tannery,  8  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,150.  1  acad.  41 
students,  15  sch.  501  scholars     Pop.  1,338. 

Waterford,  p-v.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  42  w. 
Boston,  415  W. 

Waterford,  p-t.,  New  London  co.,  Ct.,  46  s. 
E.  Hartford,  451  W.  Bounded  by  Thames  r.  on 
the  E.,  and  by  Long  Island  sound  on  the  s.  The 
surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  gravelly  loam,  adapted 
to  grazing.  Watered  by  Niantic  and  Jordan  riv- 
ers. The  former  flows  into  a  bay  of  the  same 
name,  which  sets  up  from  the  sound  3  or  4  ms.,  and 
is  navigable  for  sloops  of  20  tons.  It  contains  3 
Baptist  churches,  one  of  which  is  a  Seventh-day 
Baptist.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $4,000  ;  1  tannery, 
3  grist  m.,  1  oil  m.  Capital  in  manufac.  $11,500. 
10  sch.  532  scholars.     Pop.  2,329. 

Waterford,  p-t.,  Saratoga  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  n. 
Albany,  380  W.    The  surface  is  undulating ;  soil, 


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ftand  and  alluvion.  Watered  by  Mohawk  and 
Hudson  rivers,  which  here  unite.  The  v.  is  sit- 
uated on  the  w.  hank  of  Hudson  r.,  at  the  head 
of  sloop  navigation.  It  contains  4  churches — 1 
Presbyterian,  1  Dutch  Reformed,  1  Episcopal,  and 
1  Methodist — an  academy,  a  female  seminary,  a 
hank,  20  stores  and  groceries,  1  cotton  fac,  4 
flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  2  machine  shops,  1  twine 
iac,  1  furnace,  1  lire  engine  fac,  1  button  fac,  1 
plaster  ddl,  2  saw  m.,  1  tannery,  2(X)  dwellings, 
and  about  1,400  inhabitants.  Six  sloops  and 
schooners  and  several  canal  boats  are  owned 
here.  The  Champlain  canal  passes  through  the 
place,  and  also  the  Troy  and  Saratoga  railroad. 
The  canal  here  enters  Hudson  r.  A  bridge  con- 
nects the  place  with  Lansingburgh.  It  has  28 
stores,  cap.  $17,535  ;  3  lumber  yards,  cap.  $1,000 ; 

1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $92,115.    5  sch.  375  scholars.     Pop.  1,824. 

Watkrford,  t.,  Gloucester  co.,  N.  J.,  (post- 
office  called  VVaterford  Works,)  12  w.  Woodbury, 
51  s.  s.  w.  Trenton,  161 W.  The  surface  is  level ; 
soil,  sand  and  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Pensau- 
ken  cr.,  Cooper's  cr.,  and  branches  of  Atsion  r. 
It  contains  an  Episcopal  church,  and  has  10  stores, 
cap.  $7,310  ;  4  distilleries,  2  glass-houses,  2  grist 
m.,  10  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Capital  in  manufactures 
$82,987,     8  sch.  425  scholars.     Pop.  3,467. 

Waterford,  p-t.,  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  13  s.  e.  Erie, 
256  n.  w.  by  w.  Harrisburg,  329  W.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  ;  soil,  gravelly  loam.  Watered  by 
Le  Boeuf  cr.,  flowing  into  Le  Bceuf  lake,  which 
has  an  outlet  into  French  cr.  The  b.  contains  4 
stores,  cap.  $7,700 ;  1  flouring  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac.  $1,000.  1  acad.  60  students,  1  sch.  30  schol- 
ars. Pop.  403.  There  are  in  the  t.  1  tannery,  3 
grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,710.  9 
sch.  272  scholars.    Pop.  1,144. 

Waterford,  p-v.,  Loudon  co.,  Va.,  159  n. 
Richmond,  40  W.  Situated  on  Kittoctan  cr.,  and 
contains  2  churches — 1  free  to  all  denominations, 
and  1  Friends ;  6  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw, 
grist,  and  plaster  m.,  and  2  cotton  fac,  (in  the 
vicinity,)  70  dwellings,  and  about  425  inhabit- 
ants. 

Waterford,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  O.,  24  n. 
w.  Marietta,  89  e.  s.  e.  Columbus,  321  W.  Situ- 
ated on  both  sides  of  Muskingum  r.  The  surface 
is  undulating  and  broken ;  soil,  on  the  r.,  fertile. 
The  v.  is  situated  on  Muskingum  r.,  and  contains 

2  churches,  2  stores,  and,  in  the  vicinity,  3  flour- 
ing m.,  3  saw  m.,  2  carding  machines,  2  fulling 
m.,  40  dwellings,  and  about  250  inhabitants.  Pop. 
of  the  t.  1,166. 

Waterford,  p-t.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  32  n. 
w.  Detroit,  556  W.  Watered  by  numerous  6mall 
lakes  and  their  outlets.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,000 ; 
1  distillery,  2  flouring  m.t  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $7,500.     Pop.  946. 

Waterford,  p-v.,  Gibson  co.,  Tenn.,  121  w. 
bys.  Nashville,  804  W. 

Waterford,  p-v.,  Fulton  co.,  111.,  50  n.  w. 
Springfield,  830  W.    It  contains  105  inhabitants. 

Waterford,  p-v.,  Marshall  co.,  Miss.,  184  R. 
by  E.  Jackson,  902  W. 

Waterford  Centre,  p-o.,  Waterford  t.,  Oak- 
land co.,  Mich. 

Waterloo,  p-t.,  and  semi-capital,  with  Ovid, 
of  Seneca  co.,  N.  Y.,  17  w.  by  n.  Albany,  346 
W.  The  surface,  is  generally  level ;  soil,  calca- 
reous loam.  Watered  by  Seneca  r.,  along  which 
the  Seneca  and  "Cayuga  canal  passes.  The  v. 
is  handsomely  situated  on  both  sides  of  the  outlet 
of  Seneca  lake,  which  is  used  as  a  part  of  the 
Cayuga  and  Seneca  canal.  Incorporated  in  1824, 
and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  4  churches— 1 
Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Meth- 


odist— an  academy,  ii  hank,  85  stores,  1  woollen 
fac,  conaumine  100,000  pound*  of  wool  annually, 
5  tlotiring  m.,  5  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.,  2  pail  and  tub 
fac,  2  m.  for  cleaning  clover  seed,  1  plaster  ni.,  1 
clothier's  works,  1  furnace,  1  inarhine  shop,  1 
soap  and  candle  fac,  1  carriage  fac,  2  tanm 
2  clisttllerics,  1  boat-yard,  350  dwellings,  and 
2,600  inhabitants.  Here  is  an  extensive  water 
power.  The  Cayuga  and  Seneca  canal  and  the 
Auburn  and  Rochester  railroad  pass  through  the 
place.  There  are  in  the  t.  10  stores,  cap.  $5,000; 
1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $1,000;  1  fulling  in..  1  wool- 
len fac,  1  furnace,  1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  1 
printing  office,  1  semi-weekly  newspaper,  1  llour- 
mg  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$71,500.  1  acad.  66  students,  6  sch.  278  scholars. 
Pop.  3,036. 

Waterloo,  p-v.,  Lock  t.,  Juniata  co.,  Pa.,  69 
N.  w.  Harrisburg,  125  W.  Situated  on  Tusca- 
rora  cr. 

Waterloo,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  59  n.  n.  w. 
Annapolis,  66  W. 

Waterloo,  t.,  Athens  co.,  O.  Watered  by 
Racoon  cr.  It  has  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$4,700.     3  sch.  39  scholars.     Pop.  741. 

Waterloo,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Mich. 

Waterloo,  p-v.,  Granville  co.,  N.  C,  50  n. 
Raleigh,  266  W. 

Waterloo,  p-v.,  Laurens  dist.,  S.  C,  79  w. 
by  n.  Columbia,  507  W.  It  contains  about  75  in- 
habitants. 

Waterloo,  p-v.,  Lauderdale  co.,  Ala.,  160  n. 
Tuscaloosa,  805  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of 
Tennessee  r.  It  contains  about  80  inhabit- 
ants. 

Waterloo,  p-v.,  Point  Coupee  par.,  La.  Sit- 
uated on  Mississippi  r.,  at  the  outlet  of  False  r. 

Waterloo,  p-t.,  Fayette  co.,  la.,  5  s.  e.  Con- 
ners ville,  61  e.  by  s.  Indianapolis,  524  W.  It  lias 
1  sch.  40  scholars.     Pop.  92b. 

Waterloo,  p-v.,  capital  of  Monroe  co.,  111., 
115  s.  by  w.  Springfield,  828  W.  Situated  on 
elevated  ground,  and  contains  a  brick  court 
house,  2  stores,  and  about  25  dwellings. 

Waterloo,  p-v.,  capital  of  Clark  co.,Mo.,  186 
N.  by  E.  Jefferson  City,  911  W.  Situated  a  little 
w.  of  Mississippi  r.,  w.  of  the  mouth  of  Des 
Moines  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and 
about  75  inhabitants. 

Water  Street,  p-v.,  Morris  t.,  Huntingdon 
co.,  Pa.,  100  w.  Harrisburg,  159  W.  Situated 
on  Juniata  r.,  a  little  above  Alexandria,  and  con- 
tains 12  or  14  dwellings. 

Watertown,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  7  w. 
Boston,  433  W.  The  surface  is  moderately 
uneven  ;  soil,  mostly  fertile,  and  under  high  cul- 
tivation. Drained  by  Charles  r.,  which  affords 
water  power,  and  is  navigable  to  this  place  for 
vessels  requiring  6  or  7  feet  of  water.  It  has  a 
pleasant  v.,  and  contains  1  Unitarian,  1  Baptist, 
and  1  Universalist  church,  a  U.  States  arsenal 
containing  40  acres  of  ground,  with  several 
large  brick  buildings  enclosed  by  a  high  fence, 
on  the  N.  bank  of  Charles  r.  The  provincial 
congress  held  its  sessions  here  in  1775.  First 
settled  in  163'J.  There  are  in  the  t.  11  stores, 
cap.  $37,800;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $9,000;  7 
tanneries,  1  paper  fac,  1  acad.  30  students,  7  sch. 
402  scholars.     Pop.  1,810. 

Watertown,  p-t.,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct.,  42  s.  s. 
u.  Hartford,  320  W.  The  surface  is  uneven, 
and  in  some  parts  level ;  soil,  dry  gravelly  loam, 
adapted  to  grazing.  Watered  by  Steel's  brook. 
The  v.  contains  a  Congregational  and  an  Epis- 
copal church.  John  Trumbull,  the  celebrated 
author  of  McFingal,  was  born  here.  There  are 
in  the  t.  4  stores,  cap.  $21,000 ;  2  fulling  in.,  2 


WAT 


706 


WAT 


tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $10,300.     9  sch.  354  scholars.    Pop.  1,442. 

Watertown,  p-t,  capital  of  Jefferson  co.,  N. 
IT.,  164  N.  w.  Albany,  416  W.  The  surface  is 
moderately  uneven ;  soil,  a  fertile  sandy  loam 
and  clay.  Drained  by  Stony  and  Sandy  creeks. 
Black  r.  runs  on  its  n.  boundary,  affording  an 
immense  water  power.  The  v.  is  situated  on 
the  s.  side  of  Black  r.,  and  is  connected  by 
covered  bridges  with  Williamstown  and  Juhel- 
ville  villages  on  the  opposite  side.  Incorporated 
in  1831,  and  contains  a  court  house  and  jail  of 
stone,  a  state  arsenal  of  brick,  a  bank,  7  churches 
— 2  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  1  Me- 
thodist, 1  Universalist,  and  1  Roman  Catholic — 
26  stores  of  different  kinds,  various  mechanic 
shops,  700  dwellings,  and  about  4,000  inhabit- 
ants. The  Black  River  Literary  and  Religious 
Institute  has  about  180  students,  and  is  flourish- 
ing. An  association  of  young  men  for  literary 
and  scientific  improvement,  have  a  library  which 
is  increasing.  The  r.  here  has  a  fall  of  88  feet 
in  1  m.,  with  7  dams  and  5  natural  cascades. 
Here  are  1  flannel  fac,  1  broadcloth  and  satinet 
fac,  1  cotton  fac,  2  negro  cloth  fac,  3  carding 
and  clothiers'  m.,  5  flouring  m.  and  grist  m.,  1 
paper  m.,  2  iron  furnaces,  3  machine  shops,  4 
saw  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  morocco  dressing  fac,  4 
wagon  and  carriage  fac,  and  various  other  me- 
chanical establishments,  1  brewery,  and  1  distil- 
lery. There  are  in  the  t.  45  stores,  cap.  $200,000 ; 
3  lumber  yards,  cap.  $5,000 ;  5  woollen  fac,  1 
cotton  fac.  1,000  sp.,  4  tanneries,  1  brewery,  1 
paper  fac,  3  printing  offices,  3  weekly  newspa- 
pers, 4  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $259,500.  19 
sch.  1,192  scholars.     Pop.  5,027. 

Watertown,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  O.,  14  n. 
w.  Marietta,  92  e.  s.  e.  Columbus,  312  W. 
Wolf  cr.  passes  through  the  t.,  and  affords  wa- 
ter power.  The  soil  is  fertile  and  well  cultiva- 
ted. The  v.  contains  a  neat  church,  2  stores,  1 
oil  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  carding  machine,  and  126  in- 
habitants. There  are  in  the  t.  10  sch.  489  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  1,127. 

Watertown,  p-v.,  Clinton  co.,  Mich.,  112  w. 
N.  w.  Detroit,  600  W. 

Watertown,  p-t.,  Jefferson  co.,  Wis.,  39  e. 
Madison,  853  W.  Watered  by  Rock  r.,  on  the 
e.  side  of  which  the  v.  is  situated.  It  has  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $6,000.  1  sch.  28  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  218. 

Watervale,  p-v.,  Pompey  t.,  Onondaga  co., 
N.  Y.,  125  w.  by  n.  Albany,  342  W.  It  contains 
1  store,  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  tannery,  30 
dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Water  Valley,  p-o.,  Hamburg  t.,  Erie  co., 
N.  Y.,  303  w.  Albany,  373  W. 

Water  Village,  p-v.,  Carroll  co.,  N.  H.,  48 
N.  E.  Concord,  529  W. 

Waterville,  p-t.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  18  n. 
Augusta,  613  W.  Kennebec  r.  bounds  it  on  the 
E.  The  soil  is  fertile  and  well  cultivated.  In- 
corporated in  1802.  The  v.  is  situated  at  Te- 
conic  falls  on  the  Kennebec,  which  are  18  feet 
in  height,  where  is  a  bridge  across  the  r.  The 
v.  contains  4  churches,  an  academy,  and  various 
mills  and  manufactories.  The  Kennebec  is  nav- 
igable to  this  place  from  Augusta,  for  boats  of 
40  tons.  Emerson's  stream,  a  tributary  of  the 
Kennebec,  has  a  very  high  fall,  and  affords  good 
water  power,  where  is  a  flourishing  manufactur- 
ing v.  Waterville  College,  under  the  direction 
of  the  Baptists,  is  located  in  this  t.,  was  founded 
in  1820,  has  a  president,  and  5  professors  or  other 
instructors,  145  alumni,  of  whom  30  have  been 
ministers  of  the  gospel,  65  students,  and  7,000 
vols,  in  its  libraries.    The  commencement  is  on 


the  1st  Wednesday  in  August.  It  has  2  edifices 
containing  rooms  for  students,  a  chapel,  and  a 
commons  hall.  There  are  in  the  t.  39  stores, 
cap.  $129,800  ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  college,  94  students, 
2  acad.  262  students,  19  sch.  1,274  scholars. 
Pop.  2,971. 

Waterville,  p-t.,  Lamoille  co.,  Vt.,  43  n.  w. 
Montpelier,  553  W.  Chartered  by  the  name  of 
Coit's  Gore  in  1788,  by  its  present  name  in  1824, 
first  settled  in  1789.  The  surface  is  mountainous 
and  broken  ;  soil,  adapted  to  grazing.  Watered 
by  the  n.  branch  of  Lamoille  r.,  which  affords 
water  power,  and  along  which  is  fertile  land. 
It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $4,000  ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  wool- 
len fac,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$9,750.     6  sch.  200  scholars.     Pop.  610. 

Waterville,  p-v.,  Sangerfield  t.,  Oneida  co., 
N.  Y,  90  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  372  W.  Situated  on 
a  branch  of  Oriskany  cr.,  and  contains  1  Pres- 
byterian, and  1  Baptist  church,  an  academy  and 
female  seminary,  a  bank,  10  stores,  1  woollen 
fac,  1  starch  fac,  3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  2  furna- 
ces, and  a  machine  shop,  where  carriage  springs 
are  made,  1  organ  fac,  3  distilleries,  120  dwell- 
ings, and  about  1,000  inhabitants. 

Waterville,  p-t.,  Lucas  co.,  O.,  130  n.  w. 
by  n.  Columbus,  461  W.  Watered  by  a  branch 
of  Maumee  r.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  N.  side 
of  this  r.,  6  ms.  w.  of  Perrysburg,  and  contains  1 
store,  1  grist  m.,  1  carding  machine,  and  190  in- 
habitants.   Pop.  of  the  t.,  565. 

Waterville  Corners,  p-o.,  Concord  t.,  Erie 
co.,  N.  Y.,  290  w.  Albany,  360  W. 

Watervliet,  p-t.,  Albany  co.,  N.  Y.,  5  N. 
Albany,  375  W.  The  surface  is  level  or  undu- 
lating ;  soil,  sandy  ridges  and  swamps,  excepting 
on  Hudson  r.,  where  are  extensive  and  fertile 
flats.  Mohawk  r.  runs  on  its  n.,  and  Hudson  r. 
on  its  e.  border.  It  contains  several  islands 
formed  by  the  mouths  of  the  Mohawk.  It  has  a 
Shaker  settlement,  called  Niskayuna.  The  Erie 
and  Champlain  canals  separate  here,  and  in  the 
former  are  many  locks,  to  overcome  the  falls  of 
the  Cahoes.  At  West  Troy  v.  is  the  Watervliet 
United  States  Arsenal.  There  are  in  the  t.  94 
stores,  cap.  $100,853 ;  4  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$73,000 ;  3  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  2  cotton 
fac.  5,160  sp.,  1  brewery,  4  potteries,  1  paper  fac, 
1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  2  flouring 
m.,  10  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manurac 
$723,115.  13  sch.  1,600  scholars.  Pop.  10,141. 
(See  Troy.) 

Watervliet  Centre,  p-o.,  Watervliet  t, 
Albany  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  n.  Albany,  382  W. 

Watkins,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  Mo.  It  has  3  sch. 
46  scholars.     Pop.  739. 

Watkinsville,  p-v.,  Goochland  co.,  Va.,  29 
w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  162  W. 

Watkinsville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Clarke  co., 
Ga.,  68  n.  by  w.  Milledgeville,  617  W.  Situated 
at  the  head  of  Beaverdam  cr.,  and  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  an  academy,  4  stores,  and  25 
dwellings. 

Watson,  p-t.,  Lewis  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  n.  e.  Mar- 
tinsburgh,  140  n.  w.  Albany,  439  W.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  and  mountainous ;  soil,  sandy  loam. 
Drained  by  Independence  cr.,  Beaver  r.,  and 
other  tributaries  of  Black  r.,  which  bounds  it  on 
the  w.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $300;  12  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,000.  17  sch.  354  scholars. 
Pop.  1,707. 

Watson's,  p-o.,  Coweta  co.,  Ga.,  113  w.  by  n. 
Milledgeville,  717  W. 

Watsontown,  p-v.,  Northumberland  co.,  Pa., 
77  n.  by  e.  Harrisburg,  187  W. 

Watsons  Ferry,  p-o.,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  187 
w.  N.  w.  Harrisburg,  241  W. 


WAY 


707 


WAY 


Va., 


Wattsborough,  p-v.,   Lunenburg    co 
116  s.  w.  Richmond,  232  W. 

Wattsburg,  p-b.,  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  263  n.  w.  by 
w.  Harrieburg,  314  W.  Situated  on  French  cr., 
and  contains  2  tanneries,  1  saw  in.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac.  $1,950.    6  sch.  140  scholars.     Pop.  131. 

Waugh's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  134 
W.  by  s.  Richmond,  197  W. 

Waugiiatchie,  p-o.,  Dade  co.,  Ga.,  113  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  717  W. 

Waupun,  p-v.,  Fond  du  Lac  co.,  Wis.,  80  n.  e. 
Madison,  927  W. 

Waushara,  p-v.,  Dane  co.,  Wis. 

Waverland,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  la.,  65  w. 
N.  w.  Indianapolis,  630  W. 

Waverly,  p-o.,  Pee  Pee  t.,  Pike  co.,  O.,  60  s. 
Columbus,  407  W.  Situated  on  the  Ohio  canal, 
and  contains  about  250  inhabitants. 

Waverly,  p-v.,  Humphreys  co.,  Tenn.,  60  w. 
by  s.  Nashville,  744  W. 

Waverly,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,  Mo. 

Waverly,  p-o.,  Lowndes  co.,  Miss.,  147  N.  e. 
Jackson,  892  W. 

Waverly,  t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch. 
40  scholars.     Pop.  1,133. 

Waverly  Hall,  p-o.,  Harris  co.,  Ga.,  Ill  w. 
s.  w.  Milledgeville,  733  W. 

Wawarsing,  p-t.,  Ulster  co.,  N.  Y.,  22  s.  w. 
Kingston,  82  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  297  W.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  and  mountainous ;  soil,  gravelly 
loam  and  clay,  and  fertile.     Drained  by  Rondout 


surface  is  billy  and  mountainous ;  MiU,  generally 
fertile.  Bounded  n.  k.  by  Delaware  r.  Drain- 
ed by  Leekawaxen  creek  and  its  branches,  and 
by  small  streams  flowing  info  Delaware  r.  Capi- 
tal, Honesdale.  There  were  in  1840.  petj  cat- 
tie  17,412,  sheep  31,371,  swine  3,122;  wheat 
15,210  bush,  produced,  rye  11,011,  Ind.  corn 
10,323,  buckwheat  36,555,  barley  3,740,  oats 
102,140,  potatoes  156,702,  sugar  9,940  pounds; 
28  stores,  cap.  $86,900  ;  3  fulling  m.,  6  tanneries, 
1  glass  fac,  1  flouring  m.,  14  grist  m.,  68  saw  in., 
1  oil  ra.,  2  priming  office*,  2  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $312,700.  ;{  acad.  96  students, 
97  sch.  2,424  scholars.     Top.  1 1,848. 

Wayne,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  s.  e.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  720  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Neuse  r.  and  its  branches.  Capital, 
Waynesboro'.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
8,492,  sheep  6,269,  swine  46,594 ;  wheat  12,74-4 
bush,  produced,  rye  1,443,  Ind.  corn  461,165, 
oats  8,855,  potatoes  90,006,  cotton  402,175  pounds  ; 
12  stores,  cap.  §61,900  ;  49  grist  m.,  25  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $300.  4  acad.  129  students,  6 
sch.  213  scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,754,  slaves 
3,673,  free  col'd  464;  total,  10,891. 

Wayne,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  s.  K. 
part,  of  the  state,  and  contains  900  sq.  ms.  Alta- 
maha  r.  bounds  it  on  the  n.  e.  Drained  by  San- 
tilla  r.,  Little  Santilla  r.,  and  Turtle  cr.  The  sur- 
face is  low,  and  in  some  places  marshy.  Capital 
Wayne  C.  H.    There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 


cr.,  and  its  tributaries,  which  afford  good  water  7,854,  sheep  404,  swine  3,933 ;  Ind.  corn  16,281 

power.     Iron  ore,  plumbago,  and  lead  are  found  bush,  produced,  potatoes  15,125,   cotton   1J,1W 

icinity.     It  has  17  stores,  cap.  $33,600;  pounds,  sugar  3,465;  3  stores,  cap.  311,500;  1 


in  the  vicinity 

5  lumber  yards,  cap.  $2,400;  8  fulling  m.,  11 
woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac.  2,136  sp.,6  tanneries, 
1  glass  house,  1  pottery,  3  grist  m.,  45  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $169,750.  20  sch.  924  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  4,044. 

Waxahatchee,  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,  Ala.,  83  E. 
Tuscaloosa,  791  W. 

Wayland,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  17  w. 
Boston,  423  W.  The  surface  is  pleasantly  diver- 
sified ;  soil,  generally  fertile  and  well  cultivated. 
Chartered  in  1835.  Sudbury  r.  bounds  it  on  the 
w.  It  contains  1  Congregational  and  1  Unita- 
rian church.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $3,400 ;  1 
grist  ra.,  6  sch.  253  scholars.     Pop.  998. 

Waylandsbdrg,  p-v.,  Culpepper  co.,  Va.,  104 
N.  N.  E.  Richmond,  90  W. 

Waymart,  p-v.,  Clinton  t.,  Wayne  co.,  Pa., 
166  n.  E.  Harrisburg,  260  W.  Situated  on  a 
branch  of  Laxawaxen  cr.,  and  contains  about  75 
inhabitants. 

Wayne,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  572  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  undulating ;  soil,  clay,  sand  and  gravel, 
with  vegetable  mold.  Lake  Ontario  bounds  it 
on  the  n.  Mud  cr.  and  Canandaigua  outlet 
form  Clyde  r.,  which  flows  e.  to  Seneca  r.  Iron 
ore,  gypsum,  marl,  and  water  lime  are  found. 
Sulphur  springs  are  abundant,  and  some  weak 
brine  springs  have  been  found.  Capital,  Lyons 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  33,298,  sheep 
100,986,  swine  44,130  ;  wheat  571,083  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  4,460,  Ind.  corn  338,356,  buckwheat 
33,002,  barley  25,087,  oats  482,900,  potatoes 
512,710,  hops  239  pounds,  sugar  159,554;  115 
stores,  cap.  $544,250;  4  furnaces,  1  forge,  11  ful- 
ling m.,  25  tanneries,  1  rope  fac,  6  distilleries,  1 
brewery,  2  glass  fac,  1  pottery,  12  flouring  m., 
25  grist  m.,  118  saw  m.,  4  printing  offices,  4 
weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $437,913. 
8  acad.  475  students,  182  sch.  9,637  scholars. 
Pop.  42,057. 

Wayne,  county,  Pa.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  648  sq.  ms.    The 


t  m.,  1  acad.  12  students.  Pop.  whites  877, 
slaves  367,  free  col'd  14  ;  total,  1,253. 

Wayne,  county,  Miss.  Situated  in  the  e.  to- 
ward the  s.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  790 
sq.  ras.  Drained  by  Chickasawha  r.  and  its 
branches,  and  by  branches  of  Leaf  r.  The  sur- 
face is  moderately  uneven  ;  soil,  sterile.  Capi- 
tal, Winchester.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 10,297,  sheep  927,  swine  7,671;  Ind.  corn 
5,323  bush,  produced,  potatoes  9,134,  cotton 
334,689  pounds ;  2  stores,  cap.  $1,500  ;  1  tannery. 
Pop.  whites  1,141,  slaves  979  ;  total,  2,120. 

Wayne,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  s. 
toward  the  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains 
504  sq.  ms.  Drained  by  Buffalo  r.,  Shoal  cr., 
and  their  branches,  and  other  branches  of 
Tennessee  r.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  fertile. 
Capital,  Waynesboro'.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  8,490,  sheep  5,004,  swine  34,351; 
wheat  27,406  bush,  produced,  rye  1,722,  Ind. 
corn  426,560,  buckwheat  1,722,  oats  32,718,  po- 
tatoes 6,982,  tobacco  17,518  pounds,  cotton 
39,382,  sugar  6,754;  9  stores,  cap.  $43,800;  1 
furnace,  1  forge,  1  tannery,  19  distilleries,  17 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  pottery.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$10,575.  1  sch.  29  scholars.  Pop.  whites  7,151, 
slaves  529,  free  col'd  25 ;  total,  7,705. 

Wayne,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  s.  to- 
ward the  E,  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  570 
sq.  ms.  Cumberland  r.  bounds  it  on  the  n.,  by 
the  s.  fork  of  which  and  its  branches,  and  by 
Beaver  cr.,  it  is  drained.  Capital,  Monticello. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  18,022,  sheep 
15,382,  swine  46,016;  wheat  48,888  bush,  produ- 
ced, rye  7,408,  Ind.  corn  752,904,  oats  86,405, 
potatoes  12,270,  tobacco  5,060  pounds,  cotton 
3,000,  sugar  3,550 ;  18  stores,  cap.  $44,000 ;  2  tan- 
neries, 11  distilleries,  3  flouring  m.,  16  grist  ra., 
3  saw  m.,  1  oil  ra.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,265. 
7  sch.  172  scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,754,  slaves 
630  free  col'd  15  ;  total,  7,399. 

Wayne,  county,  O.  Situated  n.  e.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  660  sq.  ms. 


WAY 


708 


WAY 


Organized  in  1808.  The  surface  is  rolling,  and 
in  some  places  level ;  soil,  fertile,  especially  on 
the  streams.  Watered  by  Killbuck  r.,  and 
Chippewa  and  Sugar  creeks,  and  Lake  fork  of 
Mohicean  cr.  Capital,  Wooster.  There  were 
in  1840,  neat  cattle  20,614,  sheep  48,568,  swine 
55,899;  wheat  753,621  bush,  produced,  rye 
49,668,  Ind.  corn  395,030,  barley  2,104,  oats 
542,965,  potatoes  132,003,  sugar  177,092  pounds  ; 
68  stores,  cap.  $128,925  ;  4  fulling  m.,  2  woollen 
fac,  27  tanneries,  7  distilleries,  3  breweries,  1 
pottery,  23  flouring  m.,  17  grist  m.,  81  saw  m.,  6 
oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $110,280.  1  acad.  25  students, 
10  sch.  278  scholars.     Pop.  35,808. 

Wayne,  county,  Mich.  Situated  in  the  s.  E. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  600  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Rouge  and  Huron  rivers  and  their  branch- 
es, flowing  into  Detroit  r.,  which  bounds  it  on 
the  s.  E.  The  surface  is  level  or  undulating; 
soil,  clay,  with  some  sandy  loam.  Rouge  r.  and  its 
branches  afford  water  power.  Limestone,  iron 
ore,  and  sulphur  springs  are  found.  Capital, 
Detroit.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  14,574, 
sheep  10,181,  swine  17,092 ;  wheat  89,769  bush, 
produced,  rye  5,575,  Ind.  corn  138,739,  barley 
4,975,  oats  94,9S1,  potatoes  204,313,  sugar 
122,667  pounds  ;  11  «om.  houses,  cap.  $123,000  ; 
141  stores,  cap.  $453,000;  5  furnaces,  3  tanneries, 
1  distillery,  2  breweries,  3  potteries,  8  flouring 
m.,  3  grist  m.,  28  saw  m.,  3  printing  offices,  3 
daily,  and  4  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $275,810.  1  college,  30  students,  1  acad. 
40  students,  72  sch.  3,097  scholars.    Pop.  24,173. 

Wayne,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  420  sq.  ms.  Organized 
in  1810.  The  surface  is  moderately  uneven ; 
soil,  very  fertile.  Drained  by  branches  of  White- 
water r.,  which  afford  good  water  power.  Capi- 
tal, Centreville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  13,768,  sheep  28,173,  swine  35,413;  wheat 
124,705  bush,  produced,  rye  2,938,  Ind.  com 
882,477,  barley  4,115,  oats  284,437,  potatoes 
21,412,  sugar  66,116  pounds;  63  stores,  cap. 
$231,150;  3  furnaces,  4  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac, 
14  tanneries,  14  distilleries,  1  brewery,  3  pot- 
teries, 10  flouring  m.,  37  grist  m.,  41  saw  m.,  3  oil 
m.,  1  paper  fac,  3  printing  offices,  3  weekly  news- 
papers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $188,599.  6  acad.  315 
students,  51  sch.  2,079  scholars.    Pop.  23,292. 

Wayne,  county,  111.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
E.  part  of  state,  and  contains  720  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Little  Wabash  r.,  and  Skillet  fork  of  the 
same,  and  by  Elm  cr.  The  surface  is  inter- 
spersed with  prairie  and  woodland  ;  soil,  mode- 
rately good.  Flat-boats  go  down  the  Little  Wa- 
bash to  New  Orleans.  Capital,  Fairfield.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  7,801,  sheep  5,163, 
swine  19,713  ;  wheat  17,515  bush,  produced,  rye 
1,443,  Ind.  corn  247,880,  oats  60,471,  potatoes 
10,997,  tobacco  60,610  pounds,  cotton  7,784,  sugar 
1,345 ;  10  stores,  cap.  $75,500 ;  4  tanneries,  5 
flouring  m.,  7  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $13,718.  15  sch.  372  scholars.  Pop.  5,133. 

Wayne,  county,  Mo.  Situated  in  the  s.  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  1,200  sq.  ms.  St.  Fran- 
cis r.  runs  on  its  e.  border,  and  passes  through 
its  n.  part.  Drained  by  Big  Black  r.,  a  branch  of 
White  r.  Capital,  Greenville.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  5,849,  sheep  3,084,  swine  25,871 ; 
wheat  12,949  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  160,165, 
oats  20,980,  potatoes  3,478,  tobacco  22,434  pounds, 
cotton  6,849,  sugar  23,224 ;  17  stores,  cap.  $22,340 ; 
1  tannery,  8  distilleries,  15  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac  $10,330.  13  sch.  234  scholars. 
Pop.  whites  3,069,  slaves  223,  free  eol'd  12:  to- 
tal,  3,403. 


Wayne,  p-t.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  15  w.  Au- 
gusta, 595  W.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  soil, 
fertile,  adapted  to  grain.  Androscoggin  Great 
Pond  lies  in  its  s.  w.  part,  and  flows  into  Andros- 
coggin r.  Incorporated  in  1798.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $13,200 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  furnace,  1  tannery, 
2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,575. 
1  acad.  13  students,  9  sch.  415  scholars.  Pop. 
1,201. 

Wayne,  p-t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  198  w.  by  s. 
Albany,  316  W.  The  surface  is  generally  level, 
but  moderately  hilly  in  the  n.  part;  soil,  clay 
and  loam,  adapted  to  grain.  Watered  by  Crooked 
lake  on  the  w.,  and  Little  and  Mud  lake  in  the 
centre.  The  v.  contains  1  Methodist  church,  2 
stores,  1  furnace,  20  dwellings,  and  about  150  in- 
habitants. There  are  in  the  t.  3  stores,  capital 
$8,000;  1  tannery,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$5,750.     10  sch.  522  scholars.     Pop.  1,377. 

Wayne,  t,  Clinton  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  saw  m 
Pop.  307. 

Wayne,  p-t.,  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  250  n.  w.  Harris- 
burg,  335  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  grav- 
elly loam.  Drained  by  French  cr.  and  a  branch 
of  Broken  Straw  cr.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $300 ; 
1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu 
fac.  $10,050.    5  sch.  225  scholars.     Pop.  738. 

Wayne,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.  Watered  by 
Sugar  r.  flowing  from  Sugar  lake,  which  is  about 
1  m.  in  circumference.    It  has  2  stores,  1  tannery, 

1  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,075.     4  sch.  74 
scholars.     Pop.  723. 

Wayne,  t.,  Greene  co.,  Pa.,  15  s.  w.  Waynes- 
burg.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  loam.  Drained 
by  Dunkards  cr.  and  its  tributaries.  It  has  1  tan- 
nery, 1  flouring  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,100.  7 
sch.  168  scholars.     Pop.  933. 

Wayne,  t.,  Mifflin  co.,  Pa.  Watered  by  Ju- 
niata r.  Blue  Ridge  runs  on  its  e.  boundary. 
It  contains  Waynesburg  v.  on  the  Pa.  canal,  and 
Hamiltonville  v.  in  its  s.  part.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $20,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  furnace,  1  tannery, 

2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,005. 
8  sch.  227  scholars.     Pop.  1,350. 

Wayne,  t.,  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.  It  has  2  tan- 
neries, 2  grist  m.,  24  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$3,900.     Pop.  1,621. 

Wayne,  p-t.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.,  197  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 320  W.  Drained  by  branches  of  Ve- 
nango and  Musquito  creeks.  It  has  5  sch.  191 
scholars.    Pop.  767. 

Wayne,  t.,  Adams  co.,  O.  Drained  by  branches 
of  w.  fork  of  Brush  cr.  It  has  3  stores,  capital 
$3,550 ;  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.     Pop.  854. 

Wayne,  t.,  Allen  co.,  O.  Drained  by  a  head 
branch  of  Scioto  r.  It  has  1  sch.  23  scholars. 
Pop.  404. 

Wayne,  t.,  Belmont  co.,  O.  Watered  by  Cap- 
tina  cr.,  which  affords  water  power.  The  surface 
is  hilly ;  soil,  generally  productive  in  wheat,  In- 
dian corn,  and  tobacco.     Pop.  1,734. 

Wayne,  t.,  Butler  co.,  O.  Watered  by  Elk  cr. 
and  its  branches,  and  by  branches  of  St.  Clair  cr. 
It  has  3  sch.  93  scholars.     Pop.  1,426. 

Wayne,  t.,  Champaign  co.,  O.  Drained  e.  by 
branches  of  Little  Darby  cr.,  and  w.  by  branches 
of  Mad  r.  It  has  1  store,  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  1  tannery,  2  saw  m.,  4  sch.  98  scholars. 
Pop.  1,300. 

Wayne,  t.,  Clermont  co.,  O.  Drained  by  Stone 
Lick  fork  of  Little  Miami  r.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$1,350 ;  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  4  sch.  160  scholars. 
Pop.  976. 

Wayne,  t.,  Clinton  co.,  O.  Watered  by  Paint 
cr.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $845  ;  3  grist  m.,  6  sch, 
523  scholars.    Pop.  1,366. 

Wayne,  t,  Columbiana  co.,  O.    Drained  by 


WAY 


700 


WE  A 


branches  of  Little  Beaver  cr.  It  has  6  sch.  230 
scholars.     Pop.  812. 

Way nk,  t.,  Darke  co.,  O.  Drained  by  a  branch 
of  Loramie  cr.     Pop.  7.J2. 

Wayne,  t.,  La  Fayette  co.,  O.  Drained  by 
Paint  cr.     It  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,000  ;  1  tannery, 

1  distillery,  2  ixrist  m..  8  saw  m.    Cap.  in  menu- 

.  100.     1 1  «ch.  350  scholars.    Pop.  1,540. 
Wayne,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  O.    Drained  by  Cross 
cr.,  which  flows  into  the  Ohio  r.     It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $3,900 ;  2  tanneries,  2  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m., 

3  saw  in.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,900.  6  sch.  320 
scholars.     Pop.  1,711). 

Waynk,  t.,  Knox  co.,  O.  Drained  by  Vernon 
r.  and  its  branches.  It  has  8  sch.  255  scholars. 
Pop.  1. 

Wayne,  t.,  Mercer  co.,  O.    Pop.  377. 

Waynesfield,  t.,  Lucas  co.,  O.  It  has  2  sch. 
31  scholars.     Pop.  450. 

Wayne,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  O.  Miami  r. 
bounds  it  on  the  w.,  by  branches  of  which  and 
of  Mad  r.  it  is  drained.  It  has  5  sch.  178  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  1,045. 

Wayne,  t...  Monroe  co.,  O.  Drained  by  head 
branches  of  Little  Muskingum  r.  It  has  1  sch. 
25  scholars.     Pop.  684. 

Wayne,  t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,276. 

Wayne,  t.,  Warren  co.,  O.  Watered  by  Little 
Miami  r.  and  its  branches.  It  has  8  sch.  636 
scholars.    Pop.  3,392. 

Wayne,  t.,  Pickaway  co.,  O.  Watered  by 
Scioto  r.  The  Ohio  canal  passes  through  it,  on 
which  is  Montgomery  v.  It  has  1  flouring  m.,  1 
saw  m.  Cap/ in  manufac.  $2,500.  1  sch.  95 
scholars.    Pop.  779. 

Wayne,  t.,  Tuscarawas  co.,  O.  Organized  in 
1810.    It  has  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery',  2  distilleries, 

4  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $12,100. 
13  sch.  814  scholars.     Pop.  2,142. 

Wayne,  t.,  Cass  co.,  Mich.    It  has  1  tannery, 

2  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,190.    Pop.  335. 
Wayne,  t.,  Allen  co.,  la.    It  has  5  sch.  210 

scholars.    Pop.  2,080. 

Wayne,  t.,  Bartholomew  co.,  la.  It  has  1  sch. 
80  scholars.    Pop.  954. 

Wayne,  t.,  Hamilton  co.,  la.    Pop.  798. 

Wayne,  t.,  Henry  co.,  la.  It  has  4  sch.  92 
scholars.     Pop.  1,768. 

Wayne,  t,  Marion  co.,  la.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$3,000 ;  1  tannery,  3  distilleries,  6  grist  m.,  9  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,800.  9  sch.  227  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  1,959. 

Wayne,  t.,  .Montgomery  co.,  la.  It  has  1  sch. 
20  scholars.     Pop.  603. 

Wayne,  t.,  Noble  co.,  la.  It  has  1  saw  m.,  1 
sch.  10  scholars.     Pop.  148. 

Wayne,  t.,  Owen  co.,  la.  It  has  3  sch.  90 
scholars.     Pop.  834. 

Wayne,  t.,  Randolph  co.,  la.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $500 ;  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  2  sch.  30  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  661. 

Wayne,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  la.    It  has  4  sch.  21 
scholars.     Pop.  2,412. 

Waynesborough,  p-b.,  Washington  t.,  Frank- 
lin co.,  Pa.,  55  w.  s.  w.  Harrisburg,  80  W.  It 
contains  2  churches — 1  common  to  Presbyterians 
and  Lutherans,  and  1  German  Reformed — 1  acad. 
24  students,  1  sch.  42  scholars,  150  dwellings, 
and  about  799  inhabitants.  The  country  around 
it  is  productive. 

Waynesborough,  p-v.,  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  s) 
w.  by  n.  Charlottesville,  105  w.  n.  w.  Richmond 
147  W.  Situated  at  the  w.  foot  of  the  Blue 
Ridije,  on  South  r.,  and  contains  2  churches,  an 
academy,  a  public  library,  several  mills,  exten- 
sive manufacturing  establishments,  and  about  80 
dwellings. 


Waynksborohoh,  p-v.,  eapil  co., 

N.  C.,  51  8.  ».  Raleigh,  281  \'\      Situated  on  tfet 

n.  side  of  Noise  r,  immediately  below  the  mouth 

of  Little  r..  and  contain  a  court  house,  jail,  and 

about  325  inhabitant*. 

Waynesborough,  p-v.,  capital  of  Hnrke  co., 
Ga.,  82  e.  MilledgeviBe,  609  W.    Situated  on  a 
branch  of  Brier  cr..  and  contains  a  rourt  t 
jail,  an  academy,  2    churches — 1    Presbyterian 
and  1  Methodist— 6  stores,  and  30  dwelling*. 
Waynesborough,  p-v.,  capital  of  Wayw 
Tenn.,  99  s.  w.  Nashville,  776  W.    Situated  on 
the  w.  side  of  Green  r.,  a  branch  of  Buffalo  r., 
and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and  about  75  in- 
habitants. 

Waynesburq,  p-b.,  Franklin  t.,  Greene  m., 
Pa.,  222  w.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  229  W.  Situated 
near  the  n.  bank  of  Ten  Mile  cr.,  12  ms.  from  its 
mouth.  Incorporated  in  1816,  and  contains  a 
court  house  of  brick,  a  jail  of  stone,  an  academy, 
3  churches — one  of  brick,  1  of  stone,  and  1  of 
wood— 9  stores,  4  tanneries,  1  brewery,  and  al>out 
90  dwellings,  many  of  them  of  brick  or  hewn 
stone. 

Waynesburg,  p-v.,  Sandy  t,  Starke  co.,  O., 
131  n.  E.  Columbus,  308  W.  Situated  on  Sandy 
cr.  and  on  the  line  of  the  Sandy  and  Beaver 
canal,  and  contains  1  church,  9  stores,  4  ware- 
houses, 20  mechanic  shops,  2  tanneries,  1  brew- 
ery, 75  dwellings,  and  about  450  inhabitants.  In 
the  vicinity  are  1  flouring  m.  and  2  saw  m.,  and 
other  manufacturing  establishments. 

Waynesburg,  p-v.,  Lincoln  co.,  Ky.,  67  s.  s. 
e.  Frankfort,  578  W.  Situated  on  a  branch  of 
Buck  cr.,  and  contains  about  30  inhabitants. 

Waynesville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Haywood  co., 
N.  C,  29  w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  524  W.  Situated  on 
a  branch  of  Big  Pigeon  r.,  which  flows  into  French 
Broad  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and  100 
inhabitants. 

Waynesville,  p-v.,  Wayne  co.,  Ga.,  247  s.  E. 
Milledgeviile,  756  W.  It  contains  an  academy 
and  about  150  inhabitants. 

Waynesville,  p-v.,  Warren  co.,  O.,  10  N.  K. 
Lebanon.  Situated  on  little  Miami  r.,  and  con- 
tains a  large  Friends  church,  90  dwellings,  and 
about  550  inhabitants.  Inhabited  chiefly  by 
Friends. 

Waynesville,  p-v.,  McLean  co.,  111.,  55  n.  e. 
Springfield,  751  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of 
Kickapoo  cr.,  and  contains  1  Presbyterian  and  I 
Methodist  church,  8  stores,  and  about  200  in- 
habitants. 

Waynesville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Pulaski  co., 
Mo.,  70  s.  Jefferson  City,  985  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  Gasconade  r.,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  and  about  125  inhabitants. 

Waynetown,  p-v.,  Montgomery  co.,  la.,  55  w. 
N.  w.  Indianapolis,  626  W.  Situated  on  the  s. 
side  of  Coal  cr.,  a  branch  of  Wabash  r. 

Wea,  p-v.,  Tippecanoe  co.,  la.,  60  n.  w.  In- 
dianapolis, 631  W. 

Weakly,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  n. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  680  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  numerous  branches  of  Obion  r., 
which  flows  into  Mississippi  r.  Capital,  Dresden. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,931,  sheep 
5,882,  swine  24,085;  wheat  44,229  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  1,240,  Indian  corn  454,248,  oats  64,421, 
potatoes  22,849,  tobacco  462,986  pounds,  cotton 
24,167;  11  stores,  cap.  $77,000;  2  tanneries,  6 
distilleries,  2  flouring  m.,  10  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.,  1 
printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $32,950.  4  acad.  117  students,  14  sch. 
295  scholars.  Pop.  whites  8,072,  slaves  1,796, 
freecol'd2;  total,  9,870. 

Weake,  p-t.,  Hillsboro'  co.,  N.  H.,  14  s.  w: 


WEE 


710 


WEL 


Concord,  475  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  and 
rough ;  soil,  well  cultivated.  Drained  by  a 
branch  of  Piscataquog  r.,  which  affords  water 
power.  Incorporated  in  1764.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $8,200 ;  4  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  cotton 
fac.  764  sp.,  4  tanneries,  7  grist  m.,  12  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $48,593.  1  acad.  50  students, 
26  sch.  734  scholars.    Fop.  2,375. 

Weare's  Bridge,  p-v.,  Belknap  co.,  N.  H.,  34 
N.  E.  Concord,  515  W. 

Wear's  Cove,  p-o.,  Sevier  co.,  Tenn.,  217  e. 
by  s.  Nashville,  509  W. 

Weathersfield,  p-t.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  74  s. 
Montpelier,  464  W.  Bounded  e.  by  Connecti- 
cut r.  Watered  by  Black  r.,  which  affords  wa- 
ter power.  The  surface  is  moderately  uneven  ; 
soil,  fertile,  adapted  to  grazing.  It  has  fine  mea- 
dows on  Connecticut  r.  and  on  Black  r.  Char- 
tered in  1761.  Organized  in  1778.  It  contains 
3  churches — 2  Congregational  and  1  Methodist. 
Perkinsville  is  a  flourishing  manufacturing  v., 
situated  in  the  s.  w.  part  of  the  t.,  and  contains  2 
churches  and  a  woollen  fac.  There  are  in  the  t. 
6  stores,  cap.  $19,200 ;  3  fulling  m.,  3  woollen 
fac,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $48,383.  12  sch.  703  scholars.  Pop. 
2,081. 

Weathersfield,  t,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  7  s.  e. 
Warren.  Watered  by  Mahoning  r.,  along  which 
passes  the  Pa.  and  O.  canal.  It  contains  2  stores, 
1  forge,  1  furnace,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  9  sch. 
500  scholars.    Pop.  1,447. 

Weaversville,  p-v.,  Allen  t.,  Northampton 
co.,  Pa.,  100  e.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  193  W.  It  con- 
tains 1  store,  1  mill,  1  tannery,  and  8  or  10  dwell- 
ings. 

Webbs,  p-o.,  Newton  co.,  Ga.,  71  n.  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  658  W. 

Webb's  Farm,  p-o.,  Marion  co.,  la.,  10  In- 
dianapolis, 579  W. 

Webb's  Ford,  p-o.,  Rutherford  co.,  N.  C,  215 
w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  452  W. 

Webb's  Mills,  p-o.,  Wood  co.,  Va.,  214  w.  n. 
w.  Richmond,  283  W. 

Webster,  p-t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  31  s.  Augusta, 
574  W.  It  has  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  3  grist  m., 
3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,625.  12  sch.  405 
scholars.    Pop.  1,134. 

Webster,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  56  w.  s. 
w.  Boston,  394  W.  French  r.,  a  branch  of  Quin- 
nebaug  r.,  runs  on  its  w.  border,  and  affords  wa- 
ter power.  It  has  a  large  pond  in  its  s.  part,  3 
ms.  long,  the  outlet  of  which  flows  n.  w.  into 
French  r.,  and  affords  water  power.  The  v.  con- 
tains 1  Baptist  and  1  Methodist  church,  and  seve- 
ral manufactories.  A  remnant  of  the  Nipmuck 
Indians  reside  here.  There  are  in  the  t.  4  stores, 
cap.  $8,000 ;  1  woollen  fac,  5  cotton  fac.  9,100 
sp.,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $198,600.    4  sch.  278  scholars.    Pop.  1,403. 

Webster,  p-t.,  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y.,  214  w.  by 
N.  Albany,  371  W.  The  surface  is  generally 
level  or  slightly  undulating;  soil,  sand  and 
gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  small  creeks  flow- 
ing into  Lake  Ontario,  which  bounds  it  on  the  n. 
It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $9,000 ;  15  sch.  747  scholars. 
Pop.  2,235. 

Webster,  p-t.,  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  49  w. 
by  s.  Detroit,  542  W.  The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted 
to  grain.  Portage  lake  lies  in  its  n.  w.  part. 
Drained  by  Huron  r.    It  has  several  ponds. 

Weedsport,  p-v.,  Brutus  t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N. 
Y.,  7  n.  Auburn,  155  w.  Albany,  341  W.  Situ- 
ated on  the  Erie  canal.  Incorporated  in  1831, 
and  contains  2  churches,  8  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.,  120  dwellings,  and  about  800  inhabit- 
ants. 


Weehadlee,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  Ala.,  185  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  755  W. 

Week's  Mills,  p-o.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  13 
Augusta,  608  W. 

Weewakaville,  p-v.,  Talladega  co.,  Ala., 
107  E.  Tuscaloosa,  770  W. 

Weissenburg,  t.,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  72  e.  by  N. 
Harrisburg,  180  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
broken  ;  soil,  gravelly.  Watered  by  Jordan  cr. 
and  its  tributaries,  Willow  run  and  Linn  run.  It 
contains  2  churches,  and  has  2  stores,  capital 
$8,500;  4  tanneries,  15  distilleries,  6  grist  m.,  3 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,700.  4  sch.  Ill 
scholars.    Pop.  1,427. 

Weisesburg,  p-v.,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  55  n. 
Annapolis,  65  W. 

Welborn,  t.,  Conway  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1 
acad.  22  students.     Pop.  683. 

Welche's  Mills,  p-o.,  Cabarrus  co.,  N.  C, 
151  w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  388  W. 

Weld,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  47  w.  n.  w.  Au- 
gusta, 624  W.  It  contains  a  large  pond  near  its 
centre,  into  which  several  streams  flow,  and  the 
outlet  of  which  forms  a  considerable  r.,  flowing 
into  Androscoggin  r.  The  surface  is  diversified ; 
soil,  fertile,  adapted  to  grain.  It  has  1  store,  cap, 
$2,000 ;  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  4  saw.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $6,425.  11  sch.  425  scholars.  Pop. 
1,045. 

Weldon,  p-v.,  Halifax  co.,  N.  C,  95  n.  e.  Ra- 
leigh, 204  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  w.  side  of  Ro- 
anoke r.,  at  the  great  falls,  12  ms.  above  Halifax. 
It  contains  about  150  inhabitants.  Below  the 
falls  the  r.  is  navigable  to  Albemarle  sound. 
There  is  a  canal  above  this  place  around  the 
falls,  12  ms.  long,  with  a  lockage  of  100  feet. 
Above  the  falls,  the  Roanoke  is  made  boatable 
to  Stanton  r.,  over  200  ms. 

Wellborn's  Mills,  p-o.,  Hanston  co.,  Ga.,  52 
s.  w.  Milledgeville,  700  W. 

Wellersburg,  p-v.,  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  128  w. 
by  s.  Harrisburg,  145  W. 

Wellfleet,  p-t.,  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  105 
s.  E.  Boston,  506  W.  Situated  on  Cape  Cod,  ex- 
tending across  it,  about  halfway  from  the  elbow 
to  the  n.  point.  Bounded  e.  by  the  Atlantic  and 
w.  by  Cape  Cod  bay.  The  soil  is  sandy  and  un- 
productive. The  v.  is  on  the  w.  side  of  the  Cape, 
and  has  a  good  harbor  on  a  bay  which  sets  up 
from  Cape  Cod  bay,  protected  by  several  islands 
at  its  mouth.  It  is  surrounded  by  sand  hills,  and 
contains  2  Congregational  churches.  It  has  con- 
siderable shipping  employed  in  the  coasting  trade 
and  the  cod  and  mackerel  fisheries,  which  em- 
ploy most  of  the  inhabitants.  Salt  is  extensively 
manufactured.  It  has  15  stores,  cap.  $19,400  ;  2 
lumber  yards,  cap.  $2,200  ;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,150.  10  sch.  640  scholars. 
Pop.  2,377. 

Wellington,  p-t.,  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.,  62  n. 
by  e.  Augusta,  657  W.  A  branch  of  Sebasticook 
r.  crosses  its  s.  w.  corner.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating ;  soil,  productive.  Pop.  722. 

Wellington,  p-o.,  Camillus  t.,  Onondaga 
co.,  N.  Y.,  144  w.  by  n.  Albany,  352  W. 

Wellington,  p-t.,  Lorain  co.,  O.,  101  n.  n.  e. 
Columbus,  370  W.  Drained  by  branches  of 
Black  r.    It  has  3  sch.  90  scholars.    Pop.  781. 

Wellington,  p-o.,  Desha  co.,  Ark.,  133  s.  e. 
Little  Rock,  1,071  W. 

Wellington,  p-v.,  La  Fayette  co.,  Mo.,  144 
w.  n.  w.  Jefferson  City,  1,058  W.  Situated  on 
the  s.  bank  of  the  Missouri  r. 

Wells,  county,  la.  Situated  in  the  e.  toward 
the  n.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  372  sq.  ms. 
Organized  in  1837.  Wabash  r.  runs  centrally 
through  it,  and  affords  good  water  power.    There 


WEL 


711 


WES 


were  in  1810,  neat  cattle  1,551,  sheep  531,  swine 
3,406;  wheat  4,7-16  bush,  produced,  lud.  corn 
48,381,  oats  3,911,  potatoes  6,827,  sugar  7,519 
pounds  ;  4  stores,  cap.  $5,650  ;  1  tannery,  1  saw 
in.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,520.  1  sen.  25  scholars. 
Pop.  1,822. 

Wells,  r.,  Vt.,  rises  in  a  pond  in  the  N.  w. 
part  of  Groton,  and  running  about  2  ma.,  enters 
Long  Pond,  which  is  about  2  ms.  long  and  100 
rods  wide,  and  thence  pursues  a  s.  K.  course,  un- 
til its  enters  Connecticut  r.,  in  the  n.  e.  part  of 
Newbury.  It  is  a  rapid  stream  and  affords  good 
water  power.  Connecticut  r.  is  navigable  to  the 
mouth  of  this  r.,  where  is  a  v. 

Wells,  p-t.,  York  co.,  Me.,  30  s.  w.  by  s.  Port- 
land, 79  s.  w.  by  s.  Augusta,  513  W.  Bounded 
s.  e.  by  the  Atlantic,  into  which  several  small 
streams  flow,  affording  water  power.  The  soil  is 
indifferent,  containing  extensive  salt  marsh.  It 
has  a  harbor,  which  admits  small  vessels,  at  the 
mouth  of  a  r.  It  has  some  vessels  employed  in 
the  coasting  and  West  India  trade,  and  some  ship 
building.  It  has  13  stores,  cap.  $7,650 ;  1  fulling 
m.,  3  tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  16  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $600.  21  sch.  1,215  scholars.  Pop. 
2,978. 

Wells,  p-t.,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  83  s.  s.  w.  Mont- 
pelier,  438  W.  It  contains  Lake  Austin,  a  large 
pond  partly  in  Poultney,  5  ms.  long,  and  in  some 
places  li  ms.  wide,  covering  2,000  acres.  The 
outlet  affords  water  power,  and  flows  into  Pawlet 
r.  First  settled  in  1771,  organized  in  1773.  It 
contains  3  churches — 1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist, 
and  1  Union.  There  is  a  small  v.  at  the  outlet 
of  the  pond,  which  contains  a  church,  a  store, 
and  several  mechanic  shops  and  dwellings. 
There  are  in  the  t.  1  store,  cap.  $2,000 ;  1  fulling 
*iv,  1  woollen  fac,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $7,700.    8  sch.  221  scholars.    Pop.  740. 

Wells,  p-t.,  Hamilton  co.,  N.  Y.,  69  n.  n.  w. 
Albany,  438  W.  The  surface  is  various  ;  soil, 
adapted  to  grazing  and  summer  crops.  Drained 
by  Sacondaga  r.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $1,000;  1 
grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,700.  3 
sch.  90  scholars.     Pop.  365. 

Wells,  t.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.  The  surface  is 
hilly;  soil,  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  South 
cr.  and  its  tributaries,  and  by  a  branch  of  Seely 
cr.  flowing  into  Tioga  r.  in  N.  Y.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $2,000  ;  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,250. 
8  sch.  355  scholars.    Pop.  873. 

Wells,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  O.  Ohio  r.  runs  on 
its  s.  e.  border.  Drained  by  a  branch  of  Cross 
cr.,  and  by  small  streams  flowing  into  the  Ohio. 
It  has  1  store,  cap.  $700;  1  lumber  yard,  cap. 
$2,000 ;  2  distilleries,  6  fulling  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $19,400.  7  sch.  450  scholars.  Pop. 
1,492. 

Wells,  t.,  Macon  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  680. 

Wellsborough,  p-v.,  capital  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa., 
145  N.  by  w.  Harrisburg,  259  W.  Situated  on 
Crooked  cr.,  3  ms.  from  the  navigable  waters  of 
Pine  cr.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  an  acad- 
emy, 4  stores,  several  mechanic  shops,  2  tanner- 
ies, 1  distillery,  1  printing  office,  and  about  50 
dwellings. 

Wellsburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Brooke  co.,  Va., 
16  n.  by  E.  Wheeling,  344  n.  w.  Richmond,  205 
W.  Situated  on  the  E.  side  of  Ohio  r.,  at  the 
mouth  of  Buffalo  cr.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  county  offices,  a  market  house,  a  bank,  an 
academy,  the  Jefferson  seminary,  a  female  semi- 
nary, 4  churches— 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1 
Methodist,  and  1  Disciples— 250  dwellings,  and 
about  2,000  inhabitants.  It  has  various  mills  and 
manufactories,  and  is  surrounded  by  inexhausti- 
Ki^  t>«ds  of  bituminous  coal. 


\\  ki.i.s  Cornku,  p-o.,  Miiiisink  t.,  Orange  co., 

N.  Y.,  115  s.  s.  w.  Alt.;m\.-j;.>  W  . 

\v  ELLA  IvivKii.  p-o.,  Orange  r<>.,  Vt.,  38  e.  s.  e. 
Montpelier,  524  YV.  Situated  at  the  v.,  at  the 
mouth  of  Wells  r. 

Wellsville,  p-v.,  Scio  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N. 
Y.,  270  w.  by  s.  Albany,  316  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  Genesee  r.,  and  contains  :S  stores,  1 
grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  35  dwellings,  and  about  250 
inhabitants. 

Wellsville,  p-v.,  Yellow  Creek  t.,  Colum- 
biana co.,  O.,  51  e.  N.  E.  Columbus,  272  W.  Sit- 
uated on  the  n.  bank  of  Ohio  r.,  at  the  mouth  of 
Little  Yellow  cr.,  and  contains  3  forwarding  and 
commission  houses,  1  wholesale  grocery,  several 
stores,  1  steam  saw  m.,  1  steam  flouring  m.,  1  air 
furnace,  and  a  boat-yard.  Two  steam-packets 
ply  daily  to  Pittsburg,  and  a  mail  steamboat  plies 
daily  to  Wheeling.  The  annual  exportation  of 
flour  exceeds  30,000  barrels,  and  the  trade  witii 
the  interior  is  extensive.  Pop.  759. 

Wellwood,  p-v.,  Haywood  co.,  Tenn.,  154 
w.  s.  w.  Nashville,  839  W. 

Welshfield,  p-o.,  Geauga  co.,  O.,  160  n.  e. 
Columbus,  326  W. 

Welsh  Rui\,  p-o.,  Montgomery  t.,  Franklin  co., 
Pa.,  67  w.  s.  w.  Harrisburg,  80  W.  This  stream 
is  a  tributary  of  the  vv.  branch  of  Conecocheague 
creek. 

Welsh's  Creek,  p-o.,  Butler  co.,  Ky.,  131  s. 
w.  Frankfort,  673  W. 

Wendell,  p-t.,  Sullivan  co.,  N.  H.,  44  n.  w. 
Concord,  479  W.  More  than  one  half  of  Sunapeo 
lake,  which  contains  4,095  acres,  lies  in  this  t. 
It  forms  the  principal  source  of  Sugar  r.  Incor- 
porated in  1781.  It  has  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  6 
sch.  300  scholars.    Pop.  795. 

Wendell,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  78  w.  by 
n.  Boston,  408  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  and 
hilly ;  soil,  fertile.  Bounded  N.  by  Miller's  r., 
which  affords  water  power.  It  contains  a  Con- 
gregational and  a  Baptist  church.  Incorporated 
in  1781.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $4,100  ;  1  grist  m. 
9  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,525.  Pop.  875. 

Wenham,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  20  n.  by  E. 
Boston,  460  W.  Wenham  pond,  a  beautiful  sheet 
of  water,  lies  on  its  s.  border,  from  which  flows 
a  branch  of  Ipswich  r.  It  contains  1  Congrega- 
tional and  1  Baptist  church.  Incorporated  in 
1643,  when  it  was  called  Enon,  from  its  vicinity 
to  Salem,  and  the  fine  water  of  its  pond.  It  has 
1  store,  cap.  $850.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,800.  4 
sch.  120  scholars.    Pop.  689. 

Wenlock,  t.,  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  53  n.  e.  Montpe- 
lier. Chartered  in  1761,  but  is  unorganized,  and 
contains  but  a  few  families.  Watered  by  a 
branch  of  Nulhegan  r.  1,200  pounds  of  sugar 
were  manufactured  in  1840.  The  surface  is 
elevated  and  mountainous.    Pop.  28. 

Wentworth,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  56  n.  n. 
w.  Concord,  517  W.  Watered  by  Baker's  r. 
The  surface  is  hilly  and  mountainous  ;  soil,  fer- 
tile, especially  on  the  streams.  Limestone  and 
iron  ore  are  found.  Chartered  in  1766.  It  has 
3  stores,  cap.  $8,000 ;  1  fulling  m  ,  1  woollen  fac, 
1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $11,380.    10  sch.  306  scholars.    Pop.  1,119. 

Wentworth,  p-v.,  capital  of  Rockingham  co., 
N.  C,  116  n.  w.  Raleigh,  285  W.  Situated  on 
a  branch  of  Dan  r.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  and  about  100  inhabitants. 

Wert's  Grove,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  O.,  12  Co- 
lumbus, 397  W. 

Wesaw,  t.,  Berrien  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,000.  2  sch.  45  scholars. 
Pop.  142. 

Wesley,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  169  k. 


WES 


712 


WES 


Augusta,  751  W.  It  has  1  grist  ra.,  1  saw  m.,  2 
sch.  119  scholars.     Pop.  255. 

Wesley,  p-o.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  220  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  271  W. 

Wesley,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  O.,  94  e.  s.  e. 
Columbus,  315  W.  The  surface  is  moderately 
uneven  ;  soil,  fertile,  and  generally  well  cultiva- 
ted.   Pop.  1,132. 

Wesley,  p-v.,  Haywood  co.,  Tenn.,  174  w. 
s.  w.  Nashville,  859  W. 

Wesley,  p-v.,  Fulton  co.,  la.,  107  n.  Indian- 
apolis, 610  W. 

Wesleyville,  p-v.,  Mill  Creek  t.,  Erie  co., 
Pa.,  274  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  347  W. 

Wessex,  p-o.,  Essex  t.  and  co.,  N.  Y.,  135  n. 
Albany,  510  W. 

West,  t.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  8  n.  Hunting- 
ton b.  The  surface  is  mountainous  ;  soil,  in  the 
valleys,  calcareous  loam.  Watered  by  the 
Frankstown  branch  of  Juniata  r.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $17,500;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2 
forges,  1  distillery,  1  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  7 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,595.  4  sch.  144 
scholars.    Pop.  1,629. 

West,  t.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.  Situated  on 
the  line  of  the  Sandy  and  Beaver  canal.  Drain- 
ed by  branches  of  Sandy  cr.  It  has  7  sch.  205 
scholars.     Pop.  1,915. 

West  Addison,  p-o.,  Addison  t.,  Steuben  co., 
N.  Y.,  233  w.  by  s.  Albany,  298  W. 

West  Alburg,  p-o.,  Alburg  t.,  Grand  Isle  co., 
Vt.,  91  n.  w.  Montpelier,  565  W. 

West  Alexandria,  p-v.,  Donegal  t.,  Wash- 
ington co.,  Pa.,  225  w.  Harrisburg,  253  W.  Situ- 
ated on  the  national  road,  and  contains  1  Pres- 
byterian church,  3  stores,  and  about  50  dwell- 
ings. 

West  Alexandria,  p-v.,  Preble  co.,  O.,  188 
w.  by  s.  Columbus,  481  W.  It  is  situated  on  the 
w.  bank  of  Twin  cr.,  on  the  line  of  2  townships, 
Twin  and  Lanier.  It  contains  1  Lutheran  church, 
3  stores,  40  dwellings,  and  about  250  inhabit- 
ants. 

West  Almond,  p-t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y.,  6 
E.  Angelica,  255  w.  by  s.  Albany,  330  W.  The 
surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  a  fertile  clay  loam.  Drain- 
ed by  Angelica  cr.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $2,500 ; 
2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,000.  12  sch.  330 
scholars.     Pop.  808. 

West  Alton,  p-v.,  Alton  t.,  Belknap  co.,  N. 
II.,  36  n.  E.  Concord,  517  W. 

West  Amesbury,  p-o.,  Amesbury  t.,  Essex 
co.,  Mass.,  41  n.  E.  Boston,  471  W. 

West  Argyle,  p-o.,  Argyle  t.,  Penobscot  co., 
Me.,  87  n.  e.  Augusta,  683  W. 

West  Arlington,  p-v.,  Arlington  t.,  Ben- 
nington co.,  Vt.,  106  s.  w.  Montpelier,  416  W. 

West  Auburn,  p-o.,  Auburn  t.,  Susquehanna 
CO.,  Pa.,  165  n.  n.  E.  Harrisburg,  276  W. 

West  Baldwin,  p-o.,  Baldwin  t.,  Cumberland 
co.,  Me.,  76  s.  w.  Augusta,  552  W. 

West  Barnstable,  p-v.,  Barnstable  t.  and 
co.,  Mass.,  68  s.  s.  e.  Boston,  469  W. 

West  Barre,  p-o.,  Barre  t.,  Huntingdon  co., 
Pa.,  88  w.  Harrisburg,  166  W. 

West  Beaver  Dam,  p-o.,  Beaver  Dam  t., 
Erie  co.,  Pa.,  271  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  352  W. 

West  Becket,  p-o.,  Becket  t.,  Berkshire  co., 
Mass.,  121  w.  Boston,  373  W. 

West  Bedford,  p-v.,  Bedford  t.,  Coshocton 
co.,  O.,  73  n.  e.  Columbus,  350  W.  It  contains 
3  stores,  1  tannery,  25  dwellings,  and  about  150 
inhabitants. 

West  Bedford,  p-v.,  White  co.,  la.,  81  n.  w. 
Indianapolis,  640  W.  Situated  on  w.  side  of 
Tippecanoe  r.,  and  contains  about  25  inhabit- 
tants. 


West  Berkshire,  p-o.,  Berkshire  t.,  Frank- 
lin co.,  Vt.,  71  n.  n.  w.  Montpelier,  556  W. 

West  Bergen,  p-o.,  Bergen  t.,  Genesee  co., 
N.  Y. 

West  Bethel,  p-o.,  Bethel  t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me., 
67  w.  Augusta,  606  W. 

West  Bethlehem,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Pa., 
12  s.  E.  Washington  b.  The  surface  is  hilly  ; 
soil,  loam.  Coal  is  abundant.  The  national  road 
passes  through  it.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $8,000  ;  3 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,300. 
Pop.  1,743. 

West  Bloomfield,  p-t.,  Ontario  co.,  N.  Y., 
219  w.  Albany,  355  W.  The  surface  is  uneven ; 
soil,  clay.  Drained  by  Honeoye  cr.  The  v. 
has  an  elevated  situation,  and  contains  3  churches 
— 2  Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist — 4  stores,  1 
furnace,  75  dwellings,  and  about  400  inhabitants. 
There  are  in  the  t.  9  stores,  cap.  $20,400 ;  2  ful- 
ling m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  tannery,  1  distillery,  3 
potteries,  4  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$140,940.  1  acad.  95  students,  17  sch.  646  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  2,094. 

West  Bloomfield,  p-v.,  Bloomfield  t.,  Essex 
co.,  N.  J.,  56  n.  e.  Trenton,  226  W.  Bloomfield 
v.  and  W.  Bloomfield  may  be  considered  as  one 
settlement,  which  extends  about  3  ms.  in  a  n.  w. 
direction,  the  whole  containing  300  dwellings, 
and  about  1,800  inhabitants.  The  leather  trade 
and  shoemaking  are  extensive,  and  there  aro 
several  mills  and  factories. 

West  Bloomfield,  p-t.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich., 
32  n.  w.  Detroit,  554  W.  It  has  several  small 
lakes  which  discharge  their  waters  into  Clinton 
r.  It  has  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $2,000.    Pop.  938. 

Westborough,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  30 
w.  Boston,  412  W.  The  surface  is  pleasantly 
diversified  ;  soil,  fertile.  Watered  by  branches 
of  Concord  and  Sudbury  rivers,  which  afford  wa- 
ter power.  It  contains  1  Congregational,  1  Uni- 
tarian, and  1  Baptist  church.  The  v.  at  the  cen- 
tre contains  about  50  dwellings.  There  are  in 
the  t.  3  stores,  cap.  $17,000;  2  lumber  yards,  cap. 
$7,000  ;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $27,900.  8  sch.  453  scholars.  Pop. 
1,658. 

West  Boscawen,  p-o.,  Boscawen  t.,  Merri- 
mac  co.,  N.  H.,  19  n.  w.  Concord,  484  W. 

West  Boxford,  p-o.,  Boxford  t.,  Essex  co., 
Mass.,  27  n.  Boston,  460  W. 

West  Boyleston,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
42  w.  Boston,  405  W.  It  has  2  cotton  fac.  3,500 
sp.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,000.  5  sch.  309  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,187. 

West  Bradford,  p-o.,  Bradford  t.,  Essex  co., 
Mass.,  32  n.  Boston,  463  W. 

West  Bradford,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  lis.  w. 
Chester,  33  w.  Philadelphia.  The  surface  is 
hilly  ;  soil,  calcareous  loam.  Brandywine  r.  runs 
on  its  s.  w.  boundary,  by  branches  of  which  it  is 
drained,  and  which  afford  water  power.  It  has 
5  stores,  cap.  $18,000;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $10,180.  6  sch.  220  scholars.  Pop. 
1,562. 

West  Braintree,  p-o.,  Braintree  t.,  Orange 
co.,  Vt.,  32  s.  s.  w.  Montpelier,  495  W. 

West  Branch,  p-o.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  44  n. 
Concord,  525  W. 

West  Branch,  p-o.,  Western  t.,  Oneida  co., 
N.  Y.,  120  w.  N.  w.  Albany,  404  W. 

West  Brattleboro',  p  v.,  Brattleboro'  t, 
Windham  co.,  Vt.,  123  s.  Montpelier,  424  W. 

West  Brewster,  p-o.,  Brewster  t.,  Barnsta- 
ble co.,  Mass.,  87  s.  e.  Boston,  188  W. 

West  Bridge  water,  p-t.,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass., 


WES 


713 


WES 


25  s.  Boston.  Surface,  level ;  soil,  fertile.  Drain- 
ed by  a  branch  of  Taunton  r.,  which  affords  wa- 
ter power.  Chartered  in  1822,  first  settled  in 
1641.  It  contains  3  churches — 1  Unitarian,  1 
Baptist,  and  1  Now  Jerusalem.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $3,300 ;  3  furnaces,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $21,525.  7  sch.  285  scholars.  Pop. 
1,201. 

West  Brook,  t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  52  s. 
s.  w.  Augusta.  Presompscot  r.  passes  through  it 
from  w.  to  E.,  affording  good  water  power.  It 
contains  the  manufacturing  v.  of  Sacarappa,  and 
another  called  St roiul water,  which  has  some 
navigation,  employed  in  the  coasting  trade  ami 
the  fisheries.  The  Cumberland  and  Oxford  ca- 
nal passes  through  the  t.  There  are  in  the  t.  24 
stores,  cap.  $13,850;  2  fulling  m.,  2  furnaces,  8 
tanneries,  10  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
|236,460.  2  aead.  80  students,  15  sch.  1,439 
scholars.     Pop.  4,110. 

West  Biiook,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Ct.,  47  s.  by 
E.  1  tartford,  329  W.  The  v.  is  situated  at  the 
entrance  of  Pochaug  r.  inU>  a  small  cove,  which 
sets  up  from  Long  Island  sound.  It  contains  a 
Congregational  and  a  Methodist  church.  Ship 
building  is  carried  on,  and  15  vessels  arc  owned, 
employed  chiefly  in  the  coasting  trade.  First 
settled  in  1664.  "There  are  in  the  t.  3  stores,  cap. 
$6,000;  2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$7,100.     6  sch.  190  scholars.     Pop.  1,182. 

West  Brook,  p-o.,  Bladen  co.,  N.  C,  117  s. 
Raleigh,  396  W. 

West  Brookfield,  p-o.,  Brookfield  t.,  Wor- 
cester co.,  Mass.,  62  w.  Boston,  391  W. 

West  Brookville,  p-o.,  Mamakating  t.,  Sul- 
livan co.,  N.  Y.,  118  s.  w.  Albany,  274  W. 

West  Brooksville,  p-o.,  Brooksville  t.,  Han- 
cock co.,  Me.,  80  e.  Augusta. 

West  Brunswick,  t.,  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1,701. 

West  Buckfield,  p-o.,  Buckfield  t.,  Oxford 
co.,  Me.,  35  w.  by  s.  Augusta,  594  W. 

West  Buffalo,  t.,  Union  co.,  Pa.,  8  n.  w.  New 
Berlin.  The  surface  is  diversified;  soil,  calca- 
reous loam.  Drained  by  White  Deer,  Buffalo, 
and  Penn's  creeks.  It  has  2  tanneries,  2  distil- 
leries, 4  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
§8,150.    7  sch.  380  scholars.    Pop.  1,460. 

West  Buffalo,  p-o.,  Scott  co.,  Iowa. 

Westburg,  p-o.,  Williams  co.,  O.,  160  n.  w. 
Columbus,  512  W. 

West  Burlington,  p-o.,  Burlington  t.,  Otsego 
co.,  N.  Y.,  86  w.  Albany,  358  W. 

West  Burlington,  p-o.,  Burlington  t.,  Brad 
ford  co.,  Pa.,  148  n.  by  E.  Harrisburg,  258  W. 

West  Cambridge,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass., 
6  N.  w.  Boston,  446  W.  The  surface  in  the  s 
part  is  low  and  swampy,  in  the  N.  broken  and 
rocky,  the  middle  is  dry  and  healthy ;  soil,  fer- 
tile and  well  cultivated.  The  v.  is  on  a  single 
street,  1  m.  long,  and  contains  3  churches — 1 
Congregational,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Universalis}. 
Incorporated  in  1807.  Alewnfe  brook  separates  it 
from  Cambridge,  and  affords  water  power.  It 
contains  Spy  pond.  There  are  in  the  1. 16  stores, 
cap.  $40,000;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $155,600.  1  acad.  9  students, 
3  sch.  277  scholars.    Pop.  1,363. 

West  Camden,  p-o.,  Camden  t.,  Waldi  co., 
Me.,  48  E.  s.  E.  Augusta,  625  W. 

West  Camden,  p-o.,  Camden  t.,  Oneida  co., 
N.  Y.,  133  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  394  W. 

West  Camp,  p-v.,  Saugerties  t.,  Ulster  co., 
N.  Y.,  42  s.  by  w.  Albany,  334  W.    Situated  on 
the  w.  side  of  Hudson  r.,  with  a  convenient  land- 
ing, 4  ms.  above  Ulster  v. 
West  Caln,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  44  w.  by  N. 
90 


rapid  stream,  and  affords 
The   celebrated  Trenton 


Philadelphia.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  gravel, 
fertile,  and  well  cultivated.  The  w.  branch  of 
Hrandywino  r.  (lows  on  its  e.  boundary,  and  af- 
fords water  power.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $10,600 ; 
2  woollen  fac,  2  cotton  fac.  1,084  sp.,  1  tannery, 
2  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac '314,730.  6  sch.  220  scholars.  Pop.  1,383. 
w  iST  Canaan,  p-v.,  Canaan  t.,  Madison  co., 
O.,  22  w.  by  n.  Columbus,  415  W.  Situated  in 
Amity  v.,  on  the  w.  side  of  Big  Darby  cr.  It 
contains  1  brick  church,  2  stores,  1  woollen  fac, 

I  saw  m.,  and  about  25  dwellings. 

West  Canada  Creek,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Hamil- 
ton co.,  and  flows  into  Mohawk  r.,  1  m.  above 
Herkimer  v.  It  is  a 
great  water  power, 
falls  are  on  this  stream,  20  ms.  above  its  mouth, 
where  is  a  succession  of  cataracts,  within  4  ms., 
of  over  300  feet  descent. 

West  Candor,  p-o.,  Candor  t.,  Tioga  co.,  N. 
Y.,  175  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  284  W. 

West  Carlisle,  p-v.,  Pike  t.,  Coshocton  co., 
O.,  72  n.  e.  Columbus,  354  W.  Situated  on  the 
Ohio  canal,  and  contains  2  churches,  3  stores,  20 
mechanic  shops^  40  dwellings,  and  about  250  in- 
habitants. 

West  Carlton,  p-o.,  Carlton  t.,  Orleans  co., 
N.  Y.,  262  w.  by  n.  Albany,  405  W. 

West  Carrollton,  p-v.,  Green  t.,  Fairfield 
co.,  O.,  25  s.  e.  Columbus,  3S5  W. 

West  Catlin,  p-o.,  Catlin  t.,  Chemung  co., 
N.  Y.,  197  w.  by  s.  Albany,  299  W. 

West  Cayuta,  p-o.,  Cayuta  t.,  Chemung  co., 
N.  Y.,  195  w.  by  s.  Albany,  296  W. 

West  Charleston,  p-v.,  Charleston  t.,  Pe- 
nobscot co.,  Me.,  93  n.  n.  E.  Augusta,  688  W. 

West  Charleston,  p-v.,  Charleston  t.,  Or- 
leans co.,  Vt.,  64  n.  n.  e.  Montpelier,  580  W. 
Situated  on  Clyde  r. 

West  Charleston,  p-v.,  Bethel  t,  Miami  co., 
O.,  78  w.  Columbus,  471  W.  It  contains  1 
church,  3  stores,  25  dwellings,  and  about  150  in- 
habitants. 

West  Charlton,  p-v.,  Charlton  L,  Saratoga 
co.,  N.  Y.,  33  n.  N.  w.  Albany,  401  W.  It  con- 
tains 1  church,  1  store,  and  about  25  dwellings, 
and  is  an  agricultural  settlement. 

West  Chateaugay,  p-o.,  Chateaugay  t.,  Frank- 
lin co.,  N.  Y.,  207  n.  by  w.  Albany,  546  W. 

West  Chazy,  p-v.,  Chazy  t.,  Clinton  co.,  N. 
Y.,  173  n.  Albany,  547  W.  Situated  on  Little 
Chazy  r.,  and  contains  1  Presbyterian  church,  7 
stores,  1  woollen  fac,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and 
about  35  dwellings. 

West  Chemung,  p-o.,  Chemung  co.,  N.  Y., 
188  w.  by  s.  Albany,  274  W. 

Westchester,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  in  the 
s.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  470  so.  ms. 
Hudson  r.  bounds  it  on  the  w.,  and  Long  Island 
sound  on  the  s.  e.  The  surface  is  uneven  and 
hilly ;  soil,  in  many  parts,  fertile  and  highly  cul- 
tivated. Drained  by  Bronx,  Sawmill,  and  Cro- 
ton  rivers.  Marble  is  abundant  at  Sing  Sing  and 
the  vicinity,  and  some  copper  ore  has  been  found. 
Capital,  White  Plains.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  26,131,  sheep  20,043,  swine  155,187 ;  wheat 
35.267  bush,  produced,  rye  99,574,  Indian  corn 
318,028,  buckwheat  57,226,  barley  1,181,  oats 
449,090,  potatoes  620,920;  198  stores,  capital 
$525,900 ;  6  furnaces,  7  fulling  m.,  5  woollen  fan., 

I I  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2  potteries,  5  flouring 
m.,  49  grist  ra.,  56  saw  m.,  1  paper  fac.,  5  printing 
offices,  5  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$616,055.  24  acad.  703  students,  121  sch.  3,922 
scholars.     Pop.  48,686. 

West  Chester,  p-o.,  Chester  t.,  Rockingham 
co.,  N.  H.,  21  s.  s.  e.  Concord,  469  W. 


WES 


714 


WES 


West  Chester,  p-v.,  Colchester  t.,  New  Lon- 
don co.,  Ct.,  29  s.  s.  E.  Hartford,  343  W.  It  has 
a  Congregational  church,  and  a  grammar  school 
sustained  by  a  fund,  and  is  a  pleasant  agricultural 
settlement. 

Westchester,  p-t.,  Westchester  co.,  N.  Y., 
146  s.  Albany,  237  W.  The  surface  is  rolling  or 
hilly ;  soil,  clay  loam,  fertile  and  well  cultivated. 
Drained  by  Bronx  r.  Harlem  and  East  rivers 
are  on  the  s.  It  contains  the  villages  of  Morri- 
siana  and  Fordham.  The  Harlem  rail-cars  pass 
many  times  daily  from  the  City  Hall,  N.  Y.,  to 
the  latter.  Westchester  v.  is  situated  on  West- 
chester cr.,  and  contains  3  churches — 1  Episco- 
pal, 1  Methodist,  and  1  Friends — 4  stores,  1  grist 
m.,  50  dwellings,  and  about  400  inhabitants.  It 
has  a  convenient  landing,  and  3  sloops  ply  to 
New  York.  There  are  in  the  t.  4  sch.  142  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  4,154. 

West  Chester,  p-b.,  capital  of  Chester  co., 
Pa.,  73  e.  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  118  W.  Situated  2 
ms.  w.  of  Brandywine  r.  Incorporated  in  1799 
as  a  borough.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  with  streets 
crossing  each  other  at  right  angles,  and  contains 
a  court  house,  jail,  county  offices,  an  academy, 
a  bank,  2  market  houses,  5  churches — 1  Presby- 
terian, 1  Methodist,  2  Friends,  and  1  Roman 
Catholic — an  atheneum  with  a  reading  room,  a 
cabinet  of  natural  science,  which  supports  lec- 
tures, a  library ;  32  stores,  cap.  $111,600 ;  1  brew- 
ery, 1  pottery,  4  printing  offices,  4  weekly  news- 
papers. Cap.  in  manufac.  $73,450.  5  acad.  364 
students,  6  sch.  142  scholars.     Pop.  2,152. 

West  Chester,  p-v.,  Union  t.,  Butler  co.,  O., 
106  w.  s.  w.  Columbus,  490  W. 

West  Claremont,  p-o.,  Claremont  t.,  Sulli- 
van co.,  N.  H.,  53  w.  n.  w.  Concord,  460  W. 

West  Clarksville,  p-o.,  Clarksville  t.,  Al- 
leghany co.,  N.  Y.,  239  w.  by  s.  Albany,  308  W. 

West  Conesus,  p-o.,  Conesus  t.,  Livingston 
co.,  N.  Y.,  234  w.  Albany,  343  W. 

West  Cornwall,  p-o.,  Cornwall  t.,  Litch- 
field co.,  Ct.,  41  w.  by  n.  Hartford,  331  W.  Sit- 
uated on  the  e.  side  of  Housatonic  r.,  and  con- 
tains a  Baptist  church,  a  satinet  fac,  and  a  few 
dwellings. 

West  Cocalico,  t,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.  The 
surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  red  shale  and  loam.  Drain- 
ed by  Cocalico  cr.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $26,000  ; 
2  tanneries,  4  flouring  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $25,900.    Pop.  1,229. 

West  Constable,  p-o.,  Westville  t.,  Franklin 
co.,  N.  Y.,  221  n.  by  w.  Albany,  550  W. 

West  Creek,  p-o.,  Monmouth  co.,  N.  J.,  66  E. 
Trenton,  195  W. 

West  Creek,  p-o.,  Lake  co.,  la.,  170  n.  n.  w. 
Indianapolis,  714  W. 

West  Davenport,  p-o.,  Davenport  t,  Del- 
aware co.,  N.  Y.,  77  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  354  W. 

West  Day,  p-o.,  Day  t.,  Saratoga  co.,  N.  Y., 

60  n.  Albany,  428  W.     ' 

West  Dedham,  p-v.,  Dedham  t.,  Norfolk  co., 
Mass.,  16  s.  w.  Boston,  430  W.  It  contains  a 
Baptist  and  a  Unitarian  church. 

West  Deer,  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  16  n.  e. 
Pittsburg.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  loam. 
Drained  by  Deer  cr.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $3, 100 ; 
4  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,250. 
1  acad.  40  students,  6  sch.  402  scholars.  Pop.  1,414. 

West  Deerfield,  p-o.,  Deerfield  t.,  Rocking- 
ham co.,  N.  H.,  14  E.  s.  e.  Concord,  476  W. 

West  Deering,  p-o.,  Deering  t.,  Hillsboro' 
co.,  N.  H.,  24  s.  w.  Concord,  464  W. 

West  Dennis,  p-o.,  Dennis  t.,  Barnstable  co., 
Mass.,  83  s.  e.  Boston,  484  W. 

West  Derby,  p-o.,  Derby  t.,  Orleans  co.,  Vt., 

61  n.  Montpelier,  577  W. 


West  Donegal,  t.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  17  rr„ 
w.  Lancaster.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $21,200 ;  1 
furnace,  1  distillery,  5  flouring  m.,  6  grist  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $25,900.  12  sch.  616  scholars. 
Pop.  2,510. 

West  Dresden,  p-o.,  Yates  co.,  N.  Y.,  190 
w.  Albany,  327  W. 

West  Dryden,  p-v.,  Dryden  t.,  Tompkins  co., 
N.  Y.,  169  w.  by  n.  Albany,  305  W. 

West  Dummerston,  p-o.,  Dummerston  t,, 
Windham  co.,  Vt.,  119  s.  Montpelier,  429  W. 

West  Earl,  t,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  13  n.  w. 
Lancaster.  The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  red  shale 
and  gravel.  Drained  by  Conestoga  cr.  It  has 
4  stores,  cap.  $23,500 ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac, 
2  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  5  flouring  m.,  2  grist  m., 
6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $26,520.  2  sch.  82 
scholars.    Pop.  1,723. 

West  Edmeston,  p-o.,  Edmeston  t.,  Otsego 
co.,  N.  Y.,  90  w.  Albany,  360  W. 

West  Ely,  p-o.,  Marion  co.,  Mo.,  119  n.  n.  E. 
Jefferson  City,  933  W. 

West  Embden,  p-o.,  Embden  t.,  Somerset  co., 
Me.,  48  n.  N.  w.  Augusta,  643  W. 

West  Enosburg,  p-o.,  Enosburg  t.,  Franklin 
co.,  Vt.,  58  n.  N.  w.  Montpelier,  555  W. 

Westerloo,  p-t.,  Albany  co.,  N.  Y.,  22  s.  w. 
Albany,  368  W.  The  surface  is  undulating ; 
soil,  in  some  parts,  fertile.  Drained  by  Provost 
cr.,  and  other  tributaries  of  Catskill  cr.  It  has  8 
stores,  cap.  $31,300 ;  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  9  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,480.  24  sch.  1,142 
scholars.     Pop.  3,096. 

Westerly,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  R.  L,  42  s.  s. 
w.  Providence,  373  W.  The  surface  is  uneven 
and  rough  ;  soil,  gravelly  loam,  adapted  to  graz- 
ing. Bounded  s.  by  the  Atlantic,  and  w.  by  Ct. 
Pawcatuck  r.  runs  on  its  n.  and  w.  border,  and 
affords  water  power.  Pawcatuck  v.  is  situated 
on  Pawcatuck  r.,  in  its  w.  part,  6  ms.  from  the 
ocean,  and  contains  3  churches — 1  Episcopal,  1 
Baptist,  and  1  free — 2  banks,  2  academies,  8  or 
10  stores,  1  cotton  fac,  and  about  60  dwellings. 
Ship  building  is  a  considerable  business.  Ves- 
sels of  40  tons  come  to  the  place,  and  of  80  tons 
2  ms.  below.  A  bridge  crosses  to  Stonington, 
where  is  a  small  connected  v.  The  Providence 
and  Stonington  railroad  passes  through  the  place. 
There  are  in  the  t.  12  stores,  cap.  $24,500;  2 
fulling  m.,  4  woollen  fac,  2  cotton  fac.  2,536  sp., 
2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $106,450.     14  sch.  574  scholars.     Pop.  1,912. 

Westerman's  Mills,  p-o.,  Frederick  co., 
Md. 

West  Feliciana,  parish,  La.  (See  Feliciana, 
West.) 

Western,  t.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  18  n.  w.  Utica, 
110  w.  N.  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil, 
moist  loam,  and  very  productive  in  the  valleys* 
Drained  by  Mohawk  r.  and  its  tributaries.  It 
has  2  stores,  cap.  $11,000;  1  fulling  m.,  1  wool 
len  fac,  3  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  15  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac  $33,500.  20  sch.  218  scholars.  Pop. 
3,488. 

Western  Ford,  p-o.,  Randolph  co.,  Va.,  240 
N.  w.  Richmond,  266  W. 

Westernport,  p-v.,  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  24 
s.  w.  Cumberland,  187  w.  n.  w.  Annapolis,  147 
W.  Situated  on -the  n.  side  of  Potomac  r.,  at  the 
mouth  of  Savage  r: 

Western  Prong,  p-o.,  Bladen  co.,  N.  C,  115 
s.  .Raleigh,  403  W. 

Western  Star,  p-o.,  Medina  co.,  O.,  122  n. 
e.  Columbus,  337  W. 

Westernville,  p-v.,  Western  t.,  Oneida  co., 
N.  Y.,  109  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  399  W.  Situated 
on  the  s.  side  of  Mohawk  r.,  and  contains  1  Pros- 


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715 


WES 


byterian  and  1  Friends  church,  3  stores,  1  nut 
m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  tannery,  40  dwellings,  and  about 
250  inhabitants. 

Westkrnville,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  (X,  14 
Columbus,  406  W. 

West  Exeter,  p-o.,  Exeter  t.,  Otsego  co.,  N. 
Y.,  81  w.  Albany,  371  W. 

West  Fairfield,  p-v.,  Fairfield  t.,  Westmore- 
land co.,  Pa.,  160  w.  Harrisburg,  186  W.  It  con- 
tains 1  store,  and  8  or  10  dwellings. 

West  Fairlee,  p-t.,  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  36  s.  e. 
Montpelier,  505  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous 
and  rough ;  soil,  adapted  to  grazing.  Watered 
by  Ompompanoosuc  r.  Separated  From  Fairlee, 
and  chartered  in  1707.  It  contains  a  Congrega- 
tional church.  Fairlee  lake  lies  on  its  s.  E.  bor- 
der. It  has  1  store,  cap.  $3,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1 
tannery,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$5,675.    7  sch.  297  scholars.     Pop.  824. 

West  Falmouth,  p-o.,  Falmouth  t.,  Cumber- 
land co.,  Me.,  56  s.  w.  Augusta,  552  W. 

West  Falmouth,  p-o.,  Falmouth  t.,  Barnsta- 
ble co.,  Mass.,  71  s.  E.  by  e.  Boston,  469  W. 

West  Fallowfield,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  37 
w.  Philadelphia.  The  surface  is  a  gentle  de- 
clivity ;  soil,  loam  and  slate.  Buck  run,  Doe 
run,  Pusey  cr.  run,  and  Octara  creek  flow  on  its 
boundaries.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $11,500;  2 
woollen  fac,  2  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,795. 
7  sch.  375  scholars.     Pop.  1,717. 

Westfall,  t,,  Pike  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  sch.  20 
scholars.     Pop.  359. 

West  Farmington,  p-o.,  Farmington  t.,  On- 
tario co.,  N.  Y.,  201  w.  Albany,  347  W. 

West  Farmington,  p-o.,  INovi  t.,  Oakland  co., 
Mich.,  25  n.  w.  Detroit,  537  W. 

West  Farms,  p-v.,  Westchester  t.  and  co.,  N. 
Y.,  11  n.  e.  New  York,  146  s.  Albany,  237  W. 
Situated  on  Bronx  r.,  and  contains  3  churches — 
1  Presbyterian,  1  Dutch  Reformed,  and  1  Meth- 
odist—12  stores,  2  carpet  fac,  1  rug  fac,  1  ma- 
chine Bhop,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  for  sawing  ma- 
hogany, 150  dwellings,  and  about  1,200  inhabit- 
ants. 

West  Fayette,  p-o.,  Fayette  t.,  Seneca  co., 
N.  Y.,  182  w.  Albany,  336  W. 

Westfield,  p-t.,  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  51  n.  Mont- 
pelier, 567  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous  on 
the  w.,  but  more  level  on  the  e.,  where  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Hazen's  Notch,  in  the  w.  branch  of 
the  Green  mountains,  is  in  the  s.  w.  corner.  Wa- 
tered by  Missisque  r.  and  its  branches,  which  af- 
ford water  power.  It  contains  a  Congregational 
church,  and  several  other  religious  societies. 
Chartered  in  1780,  first  settled  in  1799.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $2,500 ;  1  tannery,  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac  $11,600.  4  sch.  148  scholars.  Pop. 
370. 

Westfield,  p-t.,  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  100  w. 
by  s.  Boston,  364  W.  The  surface  is  level  in  the 
centre,  though  uneven  and  hilly  in  other  part*  ; 
soil,  various,  and  in  some  parts  fertile.  Drained 
by  Westfield  r.,  and  its  tributary  Little  r.,  which 
afford  water  power.  The  v.  is  pleasantly  situa- 
ted on  a  plain,  with  a  handsome  public  ground  in 
the  centre,  and  contains  a  town  house,  an  acad- 
emy, a  bank,  a  Congregational  and  a  Baptist 
church,  several  stores,  and  about  150  dwellings. 
It  has  a  number  of  whip  fac,  which  manufacture  | 
to  a  large  amount.  The  Hampshire  and  Hampden  , 
canal  passes  through  the  t.  incorporated  in  1669. 
There  are  in  the  t.  25  stores,  cap.  $30,000  ;  1  tan- 
nerVi  4  powder  m.,  2  paper  fac,  1  printing  office,  | 
1  weekly  newspaper,  3  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $102,000.  1  acad.  219  students,  19 
sch.  667  scholars.    Pop.  3,526. 

Westfield,  t.,  Richmond  co.,  N.  Y.,  158  s. 


Albany.  Situated  on  the  s.  w.  part  of  Staten 
Island.  The  surface  is  generally  level ;  soil, 
sandy  loam,  with  some  clay.  New  York  lower 
bay  bounds  it  on  the  k.,  ami  Staten  Island  sound 
on  the  w.  It  contains  Richmond  v.,  the  capital 
of  the  co.  There  are  are  in  the  t.  6  sch.  223 
scholars.     Pop.  2,326. 

Wkstfield,  p-t.,  Chautauque  co.,  N.  Y.,  312 
w.  by  s.  Albany,  315  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ; 
soil,  a  fertile  loam.  Drained  by  Chautauque  cr., 
and  other  creeks  flowing  into  I^ake  Erie,  which 
hounds  it  on  the  n.  w.  The  v.  is  situated  on 
Chautauque  cr.,  1  i  in.  from  the  lake,  and  con- 
tains 3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal, 
and  1  Methodist — an  academy,  14  stores,  2  flour- 
ing m.,  4  saw  m.,  1  axe  fac,  2  clothiers'  works,  1 
tannery,  1  distillery,  200  dwellings,  and  about 
1,000  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  3  commis- 
sion houses,  cap.  $14,000 ;  22  stores,  cap.  $81,865; 
3  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  1  flouring 
m.,  4  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $61,833.  1  acad.  145  students,  21  sch.  1,316 
scholars.    Pop.  3,199. 

Westfield,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  N.  J.,  45  n.  e. 
Trenton,  212  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  n.,  level 
s. ;  soil,  N.  clay  loam,  s.  red  shale.  Rahway  r. 
bounds  it  on  the  e.,  Green  brook  on  the  w.  The 
v.  contains  1  Presbyterian  church,  a  store,  and 
25  or  30  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  12  stores, 
cap.  $23,300  ;  1  tannery,  1  paper  fac,  5  flouring 
m.,  4  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$1 10,530.  2  acad.  70  students,  14  sch.  444  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  3,150. 

Westfield,  p-t.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  168  n.  by  w. 
Harrisburg,  282  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil, 
gravel  and  clay.  Drained  by  Cowanesque  cr., 
which  flows  into  Tioga  r.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$1,000  ;    5  sch.  215  scholars.     Pop.  921. 

Westfield,  p-t.,  Delaware  co.,  O.,  28  n.  Co- 
lumbus, 413  W.  Watered  by  the  e.  fork  of  Olen- 
tangy  r.    It  has  6  sch.  170  scholars.    Pop.  1,019. 

Westfield,  t.,  Medina  co.,  O.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $6,000  ;  1  tannery.  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $3,250.    4  sch.  152  scholars.    Pop.  1,030. 

Westfield,  p-o.,  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich. 

Westfield,  p-o.,  Hamilton  co.,  la.,  27  N.  In- 
dianapolis, 53 1  W. 

Westfield,  p-o.,  Clarke  co.,  111.,  106  e.  by  s. 
Springfield,  678  W. 

West  Findlav,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  231 
w.  Harrisburg,  247  W.  The  surface  is  very 
hilly ;  soil,  loam.  Drained  by  branches  of 
Wheeling  cr.  It  has  1  tannery,  5  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,800.  8  sch.  250  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,187. 

West  Florence,  p-v.,  Jackson  t.,  Preble  co., 
O.,  101  w.  by  s.  Columbus,  494  W. 

Westford,  p-t.,  Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  13  n.  e. 
Burlington,  56  n.  w.  Montpelier,  531  W.  The 
surface  is  uneven  and  rough ;  soil,  adapted  to 
grazing.  Watered  by  Brown's  r.,  a  branch  of 
Lamoille  r.  Chartered  in  1763.  It  contains  1 
Congregational,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist  church. 
It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $10,300 ;  1  fulling  in.,  1  tan- 
nery, 1  grist  in..  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$7,180.     11  sch.  4 13  scholars.    Pop.  1,352. 

Westford,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  8  w.  by 
s.  Lowell,  32  n.  w.  Boston,  436  W.  The  surface 
is  elevated ;  soil,  strong  and  productive.  Watered 
by  Stony  r.,  issuing  from  a  pond  in  its  s.  w.  cor- 
ner, and  affords  water  power.  The  v.,  near  the 
centre,  contains  1  Congregational  and  1  Unita- 
rian church,  an  academy  with  a  respectable  fund, 
and  occupies  a  commanding  situation.  Granite, 
known  as  "Chelmsford  granite,"  is  extensively 
quarried  in  this  t.  and  exported.  There  are  in  the 
i.  5  stores,  cap.  $4,500 ;  1  fulling  ra.t  1  woollen 


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716 


WES 


fac,  2  forges,  2  tanneries,  4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,800 ;  1  acad.  84  students,  9 
sch.  553  scholars.    Pop.  1,436. 

Westford,  p-v.,  Ashford  t.,  Windham  co.,  Ct., 
30  e.  Hartford,  366  W.  Situated  on  a  branch  of 
Mount  Hope  r.,  and  contains  a  Congregational 
and  a  Baptist  church. 

Westford,  p-t.,  Otsego  co.,  N.  Y.,  65  w.  Al- 
bany, 379  W.  The  surface  is  hilly;  soil,  a  warm 
sandy  loam,  and  fertile.  Drained  by  Cherry  Val- 
ley and  Elk  crs.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $11,500 ;  2 
fulling  m.,  1  distillery,  3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $11,170.  9  sch.  474  scholars.  Pop.  1,478. 

West  Fork,  p-o.,  Overton  co.,  Tenn.,  108  e. 
by  n.  Nashville,  596  W. 

West  Fork,  t,  Washington  co.,  Ark.  It  has 
1  store,  cap.  $4,000  ;  1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,825.  2  sch.  31  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  418. 

West  Foxboro',  p-o.,  Foxboro'  t.,  Norfolk  co., 
Mass.,  27  s.  w.  Boston,  418  W. 

West  Franklin,  p-v.,  Posey  co.,  la.,  182  s.  w. 
Indianapolis,  737  W. 

West  Gaines,  p-o.,  Gaines  t.,  Orleans  co.,  N. 
Y.,  256  w.  by  n.  Albany,  398  W. 

West  Galway  Church,  p-o.,  Broadalbin  t., 
Fulton  co.,  N.  Y.,  39  n.  w.  Albany,  407  W. 

West  Gardiner,  p-o.,  Gardiner  t.,  Kennebec 
co.,  Me.,  7  s.  s.  w.  Augusta,  588  W. 

West  Genesee,  p-o.,  Genesee  t.,  Alleghany 
co.,  N.  Y.,  293  w.  by  s.  Albany,  304  W. 

West  Glenburn,  p-o.,  Glenburn  t.,  Penob- 
scot co.,  Me.,  77  n.  e.  Augusta,  672  W. 

West  Gloucester,  p-o.,  New  Gloucester  t., 
Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  54  s.  w.  Augusta,  568  W. 

West  Gorham,  p-o.,  Gorham  t.,  Cumberland 
co.,  Me.,  63  s.  w.  Augusta,  542  W. 

West  Goldsboro',  p-o.,  Goldsboro'  t.,  Han- 
cock co.,  Me.,  108  e.  Augusta,  690  W.  Situated 
on  Frenchman's  bay. 

West  Goshen,  t,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  21  w.  Phil- 
adelphia. The  surface  is  a  gentle  declivity; 
soil,  sandy  loam.  Watered  by  branches  of  Ches- 
ter cr.,  and  of  Brandy  wine  r.  It  has  3  grist  m.,  4 
saw.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,600.  3  sch.  74  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  814. 

West  Granbv,  p-o.,  Granby  t.,  Hartford  co., 
Ct.,  19  n.  w.  Hartford,  355  W.  Situated  on  a 
branch  of  Farmington  r. 

West  Granville,  p-v.,  Granville  t.,  Hamp- 
den co.,  Mass.,  114  w.  by  s.  Boston,  366  W.  It 
contains  a  Congregational  church. 

West  Greenfield,  p-o.,  Greenfield  t.,  Sara- 
toga co.,  N.  Y.,  36  n.  Albany,  406  W. 

West  Greenville,  p-t.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  245 
w.  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  292  W.  It  has  6  stores, 
cap.  $25,000  ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2  grist 
m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,300.  2  sch. 
120  scholars.    Pop.  626. 

West  Greenwich,  p-t.,  Kent  co.,  R.  I.,  18  s. 
w.  Providence,  390  W.  The  surface  is  mode- 
rately uneven ;  soil,  gravelly  loam,  and  mode- 
rately fertile.  Watered  by  Wood  r.  and  its 
branches,  and  by  the  s.  branch  of  Pawtuxet  r., 
which  afford  water  power.  The  v.  contains  a 
Baptist  church.  Hopkins  Hill,  in  the  e.  part, 
affords  a  fine  prospect.  Chartered  in  1741. 
There  are  in  the  t.  8  stores,  cap.  $7,700 ;  3  cotton 
fac.  2,324  sp.,  7  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $6,000.  11  sch.  291  scholars.  Pop. 
1,415. 

West  Groton,  p-o.,  Groton  t.,  Tompkins  co., 
N.  Y.,  170  w.  by  s.  Albany,  310  W. 

West  Grove,  p-o.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  74  E.  s.  e. 
Harrisburg,  98  W. 

West  Halifax,  p-o.,  Halifax  t,  Windham  co., 
Vt.,  138  s.  by  w.  Montpelier,  419  W. 


West  Hampden,  p-o.,  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  56 
n.  E.  Augusta,  650  W. 

West  Hampton,  p-t.,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass., 
99  w.  Boston,  386  W.  The  surface  is  rough 
soil,  adapted  to  grazing.  Drained  by  North  r.,  a 
branch  of  Manhan  r.,  and  by  a  branch  of  West- 
field  r.  The  v.  contains  a  Congregational  church. 
It  has  1  store,  cap.  $2,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.. 
5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,000.  9  sch.  281 
scholars.     Pop.  759. 

West  Hanover,  p-v.,  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  16  s. 
e.  Harrisburg,  126  W. 

West  Harpersfield,  p-o.,  Harpersfield  t., 
Delaware  county,  N.  Y.,  66  w.  s.  w.  Albany, 
362  W. 

West  Hartford,  p-o.,  Hartford  t.,  Windsor 
co.,  Vt.,  43  s.  by  e.  Montpelier,  336  W. 

West  Hartford,  p-v.,  Hartford  t.  and  co., 
Ct.,  4  w.  Hartford,  493  W.  It  is  a  flourishing 
agricultural  settlement  and  contains  a  Congrega- 
tional church. 

WestHartland,  p-v.,  Hartland  t.,  Hartford 
co.,  Ct.,  31  n.  w.  Hartford,  367  W.  It  contains  a 
Congregational  church. 

West  Harwick,  p-o.,  Harwick  t.,  Barnstable 
co.,  Mass.,  87  s.  e.  Boston,  488  W. 

West  Haven,  p-t,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  91  s.  w. 
Montpelier,  451  W.  The  soil  is  clay  and  calca- 
reous loam,  and  fertile.  Bounded  vv.  by  Lake 
Champlain,  and  s.  by  Poultney  r.  Drained  by 
Hubbardton  r.  and  Cogmans  cr.,  which  afford 
water  power.  It  contains  a  Congregational  and 
a  Baptist  church.  Limestone  is  abundant.  It 
has  1  store,  2  woollen  fac,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $39,600.  9  sch.  264  scholars. 
Pop.  774. 

West  Haverford,  p-o.,  Haverford  t.,  Dela- 
ware co.,  Pa.,  83  E.  s.  e.  Harrisburg,  138  W. 

West  Hebron,  p-o.,  Hebron  t.,  Washington 
co.,  N.  Y.,  52  n.  by  e.  Albany,  423  W. 

West  Hempfield,  t.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  8  w. 
Lancaster.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  calcareous 
loam.  Susquehanna  r.  bounds  it  on  the  w. 
Chiques  cr.  flows  on  its  n.  boundary.  Drained 
by  Stickler's  cr.  It  contains  Columbia  b.,  on 
the  Susquehanna  r.  It  has  2  commission  houses, 
cap.  $4,5'J0;  28  stores,  cap.  $165,385;  1  furnace, 
4  tanneries,  4  distilleries,  1  brewery,  2  printing 
offices,  2  weekly  newspapers,  5  flouring  m.,  6 
grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $79,900. 
Pop.  1,913. 

West  Hempsted,  p-o.,  Ramapo  t.,  Rockland 
co.,  N.  Y.,  120  s.  by  w.  Albany,  266  W. 

West  Henrietta,  p-o.,  Henrietta  t.,  Monroe 
co.,  N.  Y.,  232  w.  by  n.  Albany,  331  W. 

West  Hill,  p-o.,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  20  w. 
s.  w.  Harrisburg,  108  W. 

West  Hills,  p-o.,  Huntington  t.,  Suffolk  co., 
N.  Y.,  180  s.  by  e.  Albany,  260  W. 

West  Hinsdale,  p-o.,  Hinsdale  t,  Cattarau- 
gus co.,  N.  Y.,  288  w.  by  s.  Albany,  319  W. 

West  Jefferson,  p-v.,  Jefferson  t.,  Lincoln 
co.,  Me.,  16  s.  s.  e.  Augusta,  603  W. 

West  Jefferson,  p-v.,  Jefferson  t.,  Madison 
co.,  O.,  14  w.  Columbus,  407  W.  Situated  on 
the  w.  bank  of  Little  Darby  cr.,  and  on  the  na- 
tional road.  It  contains  1  church,  8  stores,  1  grist 
m.,  1  saw  m.,  1  carding  machine,  and  about  350 
inhabitants. 

West  Kill,  p-v.,  Lexington  t.,  Greene  co.,  N. 
Y.,  59  s.  w.  Albany,  369  W.  It  contains  1 
church,  1  store,  2  tanneries,  3  saw  m.,  1  clothier's 
works,  and  about  20  dwellings. 

West  Killingly,  p-v.,  Killingly  t.,  WinJ- 
ham  co.,  Ct.,  48  e.  by  n.  Hartford,  375  W. 

West  Lafayette,  p-o.,  Lafayette  t.,  Coshoe- 
ton  co.,  O.,  89  n.  e.  Columbus,  333  W. 


WES 


717 


WES 


Westland,  p-v.,  Halifax  co.,  N.  C,  86  n.  e. 
Raleigh,  218  W. 

Westland,  t.,  Guernsey  co.,  O.,  70  e.  Colum- 
bus. Watered  by  Crooked  cr.  The  v.  of  Clays- 
ville  is  in  its  s.  part.    Pop.  1,075. 

West  Lebanon,  p-o.,  Lebanon  t.,  York  co., 
Me.,  94  s.  w.  Augusta,  516  W. 

West  Lebanon,  p-o.,  Lebanon  t.,  Grafton  co., 
N.  H.,  51  Concord,  486  W. 

\\ 'est  Lebanon,  p-v.,  Warren  co.,  la.,  84  N. 
w.  Indianapolis,  651  W. 

West  Lexington,  p-o.,  Lexington  t.,  Greene 
CO.,  N.  V..  6  I  I.  w.  Albany,  350  W. 

West  Leyden,  p-o.,  Lcvden  t.,  Lewis  co.,  N. 
Y.,  139  n.  w.  Albany,  413  W. 

West  Liberty,  p-v.,  Ohio  co.,  Va.,  357  n.  w. 
Richmond,  264  W. 

West  Liberty,  p-v.,  capital  of  Morgan  co., 
Ky.,  107  e.  by  s.  Frankfort,  487  W.  Situated  on 
the  n.  e.  side  of  Licking  r.,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  and  about  30  inhabitants. 

West  Liberty,  p-v.,  Union  t.,  Logan  co.,  O., 
57  n.  w.  by  w.  Columbus,  450  W.  Situated  on 
Mad  r.  Laid  out  in  1817,  and  contains  2  churches, 
8  stores,  85  dwellings,  and  about  500  inhabitants. 
In  the  vicinity  are  1  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  1 
carding  machine. 

West  Liberty,  p-o.,  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa. 
Situated  near  the  Wapsinoenock  r.,  on  the  mar- 
gin of  a  high  rolling  prairie. 

West  Linklaen,  p-o.,  Linklaen  t,  Chenango 
co.,  N.  Y.,  128  w.  by  s.  Albany,  339  W. 

West  Lowville,  p-o.,  Lowville  t.,  Lewis  co., 
N.  Y.,  141  n.  w.  Albany,  431  W. 

West  Manchester,  t.,  York  co.,  Pa.  The 
surface  is  level ;  soil,  calcareous  loam,  and  fertile. 
Bounded  n.  w.  by  Conewago  cr.,  and  s.  e.  by 
Codorus  cr.  York  b.  lies  partly  in  this  t.  It  has 
2  stores,  cap.  $325  ;  7  distilleries,  1  flouring  in,  4 
grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $46,070.  1 
sch.  44  scholars.     Pop.  1,262. 

West  Marlborough,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  33 
s.  w.  Philadelphia.  The  surface  is  a  gentle  de- 
clivity; soil,  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Clay  cr., 
and  a  tributary  of  the  w.  branch  of  Brandy  wine 
r.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $17,500;  1  cotton  fac,  1 
paper  fac,  3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$3,250.    3  sch.  91  scholars.     Pop.  1,043. 

West  Martinsburg,  p-v.,  Martinsburg  t., 
Lewis  co..  N.  Y.,  137  n.  w.  Albany,  435  W. 

West  Medway,  p-o.,  Medway  t.,  Norfolk  co., 
Mass.,  30  s.  w.  Boston,  416  W. 

West  Meredith,  p-o.,  Meredith  t.,  Delaware 
co.,  N.  Y.,  83  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  344  W 

West  Middleborough,  p-v.,  Middleborough 
t.,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  43  s.  by  e.  Boston,  430 
W.    It  contains  a  Baptist  church. 
West  Middleborough,  p-o.,  Genesee  co., 

N  Y  t  n 

West  Middleborough,  p-v.,  Logan  co.,  U., 

56  N.  w.  by  w.  Columbus,  446  W. 

West  Middlesex,  p-o.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  2o3 
w.  N.  w.  Harrisburg,  294  W. 

West  Middletown,  p-b.,  Washington  co 
Pa.,  222  w.  Harrisburg,  249  W.     Incorporated  in 
1823,  and  contains  5  stores,  cap.  $150,000;  1  tan 
nery.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,850.     Population 
260 

West  Millbury,  p-o.,  Millbury  t.,  Worcester 
co.,  Mass.,  46  w.  s.  w.  Boston,  400  W. 

West  Milford,  p-t.,  Passaic  co.,  N.  J.,  100  *. 
n  e.  Trenton,  266  W.  It  has  3  stores,  capital 
$6  000 ;  10  forges,  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  2  grist 
m.',  5sawm.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,950.  11  sch. 
400  scholars.     Pop.  2,108. 

West  Mill  Creek,  p-o.,  Mill  Creek  t.,  Lne 
co.,  Pa.,  274  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  347  W. 


West  Mill  Grots,  p-o.,  Perry  t.,  Wood  co., 
( ).,  99  n.  n.  w.  Columbus,  444  W. 

W  est  Milton,  p-o.,  Milton  t.,  Chittenden  co., 
Vt.,  52  w.  n.  w.  Montpelier,  525  W. 

West  Mm. ton,  p -\ .,  .Milton  t.,  Saratoga  co., 
N.  Y.,  31  N.  Albany,  401  W. 

West  Milton,  p-o.,  Milton  t.,  Miami  co.,  O., 
85  w.  Columbus,  478  W. 

West  Mi  not,  p-o.,  Minot  t.,  Cumberland  co., 
Me.,  41  s.  w.  Augusta,  582  W. 

Westminstkk,  p-t.,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  103  s. 
Montpelier,  440  W,  Bounded  E.  by  Connecti- 
cut r.,  by  snv.ill  tributaries  of  which  it  is  drained. 
The  soil  is  ferule  and  well  cultivated.  The  prin- 
cipal v.  is  beautifully  situated  on  the  w.  bank  of 
Connecticut  r.,  on  a  plain,  encompassed  by  a 
semicircle  of  hills,  which  reach  the  r.  above  and 
below  the  v.  It  contains  a  Congregational  church, 
a  number  of  stores,  and  many  dwellings,  some  of 
them  neat  and  elegant.  A  bridge  connects  it' with 
Walpole,  N.  H.  In  the  w.  part  of  the  t.  is  a  v. 
containing  a  Congregational  church.  There  are 
in  the  t.  1  store,  cap.  $3,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  paper 
fac,  2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$20,900.    12  sch.  479  scholars.    Pop.  1,556. 

Westminster,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  53 
w.  n.  w.  Boston,  420  W.  The  surface  is  ele- 
vated ;  soil,  fertile,  adapted  to  grazing.  Drained 
by  branches  of  Nashua  r.  The  v.  contains  1 
Congregational,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Universalist 
church.  There  are  in  the  t.  5  stores,  capital 
$8,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  9 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $26,771.  1  acad.  100 
students,  11  sch.  563  scholars.    Pop.  1,645. 

Westminster,  p-v.,  Canterbury  t.,  Windham 
co.,  Ct.,  38  e.  by  s.  Hartford,  365  W.  It  contains 
a  Congregational  church  and  a  small  agricultural 
settlement. 

Westminster,  p-v.,  capital  of  Carroll  co., 
Md.,  58  n.  w.  by  N.  Annapolis,  68  W.  Situated 
on  the  head  waters  of  the  Patapsco  r.,  and  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  a  church,  and  about  350 
inhabitants. 

Westminster,  p-o.,  Allen  co.,  O.,  102  N.  w. 
by  w.  Columbus,  4/9  W. 

Westminster  West,  p-v.,  Westminster  t., 
Windham  co.,  Vt.,  106  s.  Montpelier,  443  W. 

West  Monroe,  p-t.,  Oswego  co.,  N.  Y.,  140 
w.  N.  w.  Albany,  368  W.  Surface  is  level ;  soil, 
sand  and  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Bog  cr.,  flow- 
ing into  Oneida  lake,  which  bounds  it  on  the  s. 
It  has  4  saw  m.,  10  sch.  280  scholars.  Pop.  918. 
Westmore,  t.,  Orleans  co.,  Vt.  The  surface 
is  uneven;  soil,  moderately  fertile.  Chartered 
in  1781,  first  settled  in  1800.  Willoughby's  lake 
in  this  t.  is  6  ms.  long  and  li  wide.  Tho  outlet 
is  Willoughby  r.,  which  flows  into  Barton  r.  The 
head  branches  of  Pasumpsic  r.  and  Clyde  r. 
rise  here.  It  has  2  sch.  36  scholars.  Popula- 
tion 122. 

Westmoreland,  county,  Pa.  Situated  to- 
ward the  s.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains 
1,050  sq.  ms.  Alleghany  r.  runs  12  ms.  on  its  n. 
w.  boundary.  Conemaugh  or  Kiskiminotas  r. 
runs  on  its  n.  e.  border.  Drained  by  Loyalhan- 
na  r.,  Big  Sewickly  cr.,  Youchiogheny  r.,  and 
Beaver  Dam  run.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
mountainous ;  soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Grecnsburg. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  30,003,  sheep 
45,632,  swine  37,969 ;  wheat  466,382  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  103,884,  Ind.  corn  422,512,  buckwheat 
56,141,  oats  757,241,  potatoes  116,052,  tobacco 
18,400  pounds,  sugar  32,536;  74  stores,  capital 
$205,800;  6  fulling  ro.,  2  woollen  fac,  36  tan- 
neries, 53  distilleries,  3  potteries,  2  paper  fac,  4 
printing  offices,  3  weekly  newspaj)crs,  70  flouring 
m.,  6  grist  m.,  86  saw  m,  3  oil  m.    Cap.  in  man- 


WES 


718 


WES 


ufac.  $329,881.  2  acad.  80  students,  135  sch. 
4,151  scholars.     Pop.  42,699. 

Westmoreland,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  316  sq.  ms. 
Potomac  r.  bounds  it  on  the  n.  e.,  and  Rappahan- 
nock r.  in  part  on  the  s.  w.  Small  streams  flow 
into  both  these  rivers.  Capital,  Westmoreland 
C.  H.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  5,474, 
sheep  4,317,  swine  6,159;  wheat  59,958  bush, 
produced,  rye  1,459,  Indian  corn  243,670,  oats 
27,751,  potatoes  6,899,  tobacco  1,040  pounds,  cot- 
ton 5,085 ;  15  stores,  cap.  $67,000 ;  3  tanneries, 
1  distillery,  13  grist  m..  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac.  $9,950.  1  acad.  36  students,  5  sch.  127 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,466,  'slaves  3,590,  free 
col'd963;  total,  8,019. 

Westmoreland,  p-t.,  Cheshire  co.,  N.  H.,  65 
s.  w.  Concord,  436  W.  Bounded  w.  by  Connec- 
ticut r.  The  surface  is  moderately  uneven  ;  soil, 
tolerably  fertile.  Drained  by  a  mill-stream  flow- 
ing from  Spofford's  lake,  in  Chesterfield,  which 
flows  n.  w.  into  Connecticut  r.  Chartered  in 
1752.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $8,000 ;  1  fulling  m., 
1  tannery,  4  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$12,118.     13  sch.  494  scholars.    Pop.  1,546. 

Westmoreland,  p-t.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  103 
w.  N.  w.  Albany,  392  W.  The  surface  is  level ; 
soil,  generally  a  rich  loam.  Watered  by  Oriska- 
ny  cr.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $38,000 ;  1  fulling 
m.,  1  woollen  fac,  4  tanneries,  1  paper  fac,  10 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $53,937.  18  sch.  1,080 
scholars.    Pop.  3,105. 

Westmoreland,  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  West- 
moreland co.,  Va.,  70  n.  E.  Richmond,  105  W. 
It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and  about  150  in- 
habitants. 

West  Mount  Vernon,  p-o.,  Mount  Vernon  t., 
Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  17  n.  w.  Augusta,  607  W. 

West  Nantmeal,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  34  n. 
w.  Philadelphia.  The  surface  is  gently  uneven ; 
soil,  loam  and  gravel.  Drained  by  the  e.  branch 
of  Brandywine  r.  and  its  tributary,  Indian  cr., 
and  by  French  cr.  It  has  8  stores,  cap.  $17,300 ; 
1  furnace,  1  forge,  1  tannery,  2  flouring  m.,  2  grist 
m.,  5  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,720. 
6  sch.  376  scholars.    Pop.  1,731. 

West  Needham,  p-v.,  Needham  t.,  Norfolk 
co.,  Mass.,  14  w.  s.  w.  Boston,  426  W. 

West  Newbury,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  39  n. 
by  e.  Boston,  470  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of 
the  Merrimac.  Soil,  fertile.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$3,500 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$45,700.    6  sch.  375  scholars.     Pop.  1,560. 

West  Newfield,  p-o.,  Newfield  t,  York  co., 
Me.,  84  s.  w.  by  w.  Augusta,  530  W. 

West  Newton,  p-v.,  Newton  t.,  Middlesex 
co.,  Mass.,  9  w.  Boston,  431  W. 

West  Newton,  p-o.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa., 
182  w.  Harrisburg,  208  W. 

West  New  Vineyard,  p-o.,  Vineyard  t., 
Franklin  co.,  Me.,  57  n.  n.  w.  Augusta,  642  W. 

West  Niles,  p-o.,  Niles  t.,  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y., 
165  w.  by  n.  Albany,  329  W. 

West  Northwood,  p-o.,  Northwood  t.,  Rock- 
ingham co.,  N.  H.,  18  E.  by  s.  Concord,  488  W. 

West  Nottingham,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  45  s. 
w.  Philadelphia.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  slate 
and  loam.  Octara  cr.  runs  on  its  w.  border.  It 
has  1  store,  cap.  $3,000 ;  1  tannery,  2  paper  fac, 
3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.    Capital  in  manufac.  $1,270. 

1  sch.  20  scholars.    Pop.  607. 

Weston,  p-t.,  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  259  n.  e. 
Augusta,  824  W.  It  is  a  half  township,  granted 
to  Hampden  Academy.  Drained  by  branches 
of  Mattawamkeag  r.  Chartered  in  1835.  The 
soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grain.    It  has  1  saw  m., 

2  sch.  95  scholars.    Pop.  249. 


Weston,  p-t.,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  91  s.  by  w 
Montpelier,  456  W.  The  surface  is  uneven? 
soil,  fertile,  adapted  to  grazing  and  to  grain* 
Drained  by  West  r.,  which  affords  water  power. 
It  has  2  villages.  The  v.  near  the  centre  con- 
tains 2  churches,  2  stores,  1  clothier's  works,  1 
carding  machine,  and  1  tannery.  The  religious 
denominations  are  Congregationalists,  Baptists, 
Methodists,  and  TJniversalists.  It  has  1  church 
common  to  several  denominations.  There  are  in 
the  t.  2  stores,  cap.  $10,000;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tan- 
nery, 2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac- 
tures $12,050.  12  schools  368  scholars.  Pop. 
1,032. 

Weston,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  14  w. 
Boston,  426  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  and  ele- 
vated ;  soil,  fertile.  Watered  by  Stony  brook. 
It  contains  a  Congregational,  a  Baptist,  and  a 
Methodist  church.  Incorporated  in  1712.  It  has 
3  stores,  cap.  $4,500 ;  1  cotton  fac.  5 12  sp.,  1  tan- 
nery, 1  pottery,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  6  sch.  287 
scholars.     Pop.  1,092. 

Weston,  p-t.,  Fairfield  co.,  Ct,  63  s.  w.  Hart- 
ford, 281 W.  The  surface  is  uneven :  soil,  gravel- 
ly loam.  Drained  by  Saugatuck  and  Mill  rivers, 
which  afford  water  power.  It  contains  5  churches 
— 2  Congregational,  1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  and  1 
Methodist.  The  v.  contains  a  Congregational 
church,  and  a  well-endowed  academy.  There  is 
a  small  manufacturing  v.  in  the  n.  W.  part,  con- 
taining a  Baptist  and  a  Methodist  church.  There 
are  in  the  t.  8  stores,  cap.  $12,000 ;  1  flouring  m., 
8  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,050. 
2  acad.  26  students,  17  sch.  459  scholars.  Pop. 
2,651. 

Weston,  p-v.,  Somerset  co.,  N.  J.,  20  n.  Tren- 
ton, 204  W.  Situated  on  Millstone  r.,  1  m.  from 
its  entrance  into  Raritan  r.,  and  on  the  Delaware 
and  Raritan  canal.  It  contains  1  store,  1  saw  m., 
1  grist  m.,  and  12  or  14  dwellings. 

Weston,  p-v.,  capital  of  Lewis  co.,  Va,,  281  n. 
w.  by  w.  Richmond,  249  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
fork  of  Monongahela  river,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  4  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  30  dwellings, 
and  about  200  inhabitants. 

Weston,  p-t.,  Wood  co.,  O.,  129  n.  n.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 467  W.  Maumee  r.  crosses  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  t.,  by  a  branch  of  which  it  is  watered. 
The  v.  called  Benton  is  on  Maumee  river,  18  ms. 
above  Perrysburg.  There  are  in  the  t.  2  saw  m. 
Capital  in  manufac.  $7,500. .  3  sch.  107  scholars. 
Pop.  415. 

Weston,  p-o.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.,  166  w. 
Detroit,  630  W. 

Weston,  p-v.,  Platte  co.,  Mo.  Situated  on  the 
n.  e.  side  of  Missouri  r. 

West  Oneonta,  p-o.,  Oneonta  t.,  Otsego  co., 
N.  Y.,  83  w.  by  s.  Albany,  353  W. 

West  Ossipee,  p-o.,  Ossipee  t.,  Carroll  co.,  N. 
H.,  63  n.  n.  e.  Concord,  544  W. 

West  Otis,  p-o.,  Otis  t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass., 
122  w.  by  s.  Boston,  367  W. 

West  Parsonsfield,  p-o.,  Parsonsfield  t., 
York  co.,  Me.,  89  s.  w.  Augusta,  535  W. 

West  Penfield,  p-o.,  Penfield  t.,  Monroe  co , 
N.  Y.,  217  w.  by  n.  Albany,  374  W. 

West  Penn,  p-t.,  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  79  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  189  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil, 
gravelly  and  sterile.  Drained  by  Little  Schuyl- 
kill r.,  and  Mahoning  and  Lizard  crs.  It  contains 
a  Lutheran  church,  and  abounds  in  anthracite 
coal.    Pop.  1,362. 

West  Pennsboro',  t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  8 
w.  Carlisle.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  calcare- 
ous loam.  Bounded  n.  by  Conedogwinit  cr.  It 
has  1  commission  house,  cap,  $1,500 ;  3  stores, 
cap.  $8,300 ;  2  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  8  flouring 


WES 


719 


WES 


9  sch. 


m.,  2  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $60,800 
270  scholars.     Pop.  1,867. 

West  Pikeland,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.  The 
surface  is  a  gentle  declivity ;  soil,  sandy  loam. 
Drained  by  branches  of  Scliaylkill  r,  which  af- 
ford water  power.  It  has  4  sch.  172  scholars. 
Pop.  733. 

West  Philadelphia,  p-v.,  Philadelphia  co., 
Pa.,  97  e.  by  s.  Harrisburg,  137  W.  Situated  on 
the  w.  side  of  Schuylkill  r.,  and  contains  several 
stores,  and  about  40  dwellings. 

West  Philadelphia,  p-o.,  Scott  co.,  Mo.,  240 
s.  K.  Jefferson  City,  873  W. 

West  Plattsburg,  p-o.,  Plattsburg  t.,  Clinton 
co.,  N.  Y.,  1C8  n.  Albany,  513  W. 

West  Plymouth,  p-o.,  Plymouth  t.,  Grafton 
co.,  N.  H.,  43  n.  Concord,  524  W. 

West  Point,  p-v.,  Cornwall  t,  Orange  co., 
N.  V.,  92  s.  by  w.  Albany,  278  W.  Pleasantly 
situated  on  the  w.  bank  of  Hudson  r.,  52  miles  n. 
New  York  city.  It  derives  its  importance  from 
the  United  States  Military  Academy,  established 
here  by  an  act  of  Congress  in  1802,  on  250  acres 
of  land  ceded  to  the  United  States  by  the  state 
of  New  York,  in  1826.  The  buildings  are  2  stone 
barracks,  one  3  and  the  other  4  stories  high,  oc- 
cupied by  250  cadets,  the  limited  number;  a 
large  3  story  stone  building,  275  by  75  feet,  for 
military  exercises  in  winter,  and  as  a  depository 
of  the  chemical  apparatus,  models  of  fortification, 
&c.,  and  as  drawing  and  recitation  rooms;  a  fine 
2  story  stone  building,  of  Gothic  architecture,  150 
by  60  feet,  with  3  towers  for  astronomical  appara- 
tus, the  middle  tower  revolving  for  an  astronomi- 
cal observatory,  a  chapel,  hospital,  mess  hall,  2 
cavalry  stables,  several  workshops  and  store- 
rooms, and  17  separate  dwellings  lor  the  officers 
of  the  institution.  There  are  also  a  magazine,  a 
laboratory,  soldiers'  barracks,  a  store,  and  about 
25  dwellings  for  families  connected  with  the  es- 
tablishment, and  a  total  population  of  900.  Here 
is  a  convenient  landing,  and  a  large  hotel,  capa- 
ble of  accommodating  100  visiters.  This  place 
was  fortified  during  the  revolutionary  war,  and 
the  remains  of  Fort  Putnam,  on  Mount  Indepen- 
dence, elevated  500  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
river,  and  of  Fort  Clinton,  are  still  seen.  The 
education  given  at  West  Point,  both  scientific 
and  military,  is  of  a  high  order,  and  34  officers 
and  professors  are  attached  to  the  institution. 
Near  West  Point  is  an  academy,  kept  by  J.  D. 
Kinsley,  formerly  an  instructor  in  the  West  Point 
Military  Academy,  which  is  flourishing. 

West  Point,  p-v.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.,  158  n. 
e.  Columbus,  280  W. 

West  Point,  p-v.,  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  75  w.  by 
s.  Frankfort,  615  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of 
the  Ohio,  immediately  below  the  entrance  of 
Salt  r.,  and  contains  several  warehouses,  and  150 
inhabitants. 

West  Point,  p-v.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C,  29  n.  w. 
Raleigh,  289  W. 

West  Point,  p-v.,  Troup  co.,  Ga.,  4H  above 
Columbus,  136  w.  Milledgeville,  754  W.  It  con- 
tains a  Methodist  church,  8  or  10  stores,  and  about 
350  inhabitants. 

West  Point,  p-v.,  Tippecanoe  co.,  la.,  77  n. 
w.  Indianapolis,  635  W.    It  contains  about  100 
inhabitants. 
West  Point,  p-o.,  Lee  co.,  Iowa. 
West  Point,  p-o.,  Lawrence  co.,  Tenn. 
West  Poland,  p-o.,  Poland  t,  Cumberland 
co.,  Me.,  55  s.  w.  Augusta,  578  W. 

West  Port,  p-t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me,  38  s.  by  e. 
Augusta,  602  W.  It  is  bounded  E.  by  Sheepscot 
r.,  separating  it  from  Edgecombe  and  Boothbay, 
and  s.  and  w.  by  Sheepscot  bay.    Incorporated 


in  1828.     It  hta   1  grist  in.,  3  saw  m.,  4  ech.  291 
scholars.     Pop.  655. 

\\  i.st  Pout,  p-v.,  Cheshire  co.,  N.  H.,  59  a. 
w.  Concord,  423  W. 

West  Port,  p-t.,  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  59  8.  Boa- 
ton,  426  W.  Hounded  s.  by  the  Atlantic,  at  the 
mouth  of  Buzzards  bay.  Drained  by  West|>ort 
or  Nochacuck  r.,  which  flows  by  a  wide  mouth 
into  Buzzards  bay.  The  v.,  situalcd  on  both 
sides  of  the  r.,  contains  2  Baptist  and  1  Friends 
church.  There  are  besides  in  the  t.  1  Congrega- 
tional, 1  Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist  church. 
The  whaling  business  furnishes  employment  to 
many  of  the  inhabitants.  It  has  6  stores,  capital 
$18,500;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $4,500;  1  fulling 
m.,  1  cotton  fac.  2,000  sp.,  1  furnace,  1  tannery, 
3  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $19,600. 
18  sch.  462  scholars.     Pop.  2,820. 

West  Port,  p-t.,  Fairfield  co.,  Ct.,  64  s.  w. 
Hartford,  273  W.  The  soil  is  generally  fertile. 
Bounded  s.  by  Long  Island  sound.  Watered  by 
Saugatuck  river,  on  which  stands  the  v.  on  both 
sides,  connected  by  a  bridge,  2i  miles  from  the 
sound.  It  contains  a  Congregational  and  an 
Episcopal  church,  12  stores,  and  several  cotton 
and  other  factories.  There  is  a  Methodist  church 
in  the  t.  There  are  in  the  t.  14  stores,  capital 
$35,100;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $6,000;  1  cotton 
fac.  1,100  sp.,  1  tannery,  4  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $97,600.  3  acad.  57  students, 
6  sch.  244  scholars.     Pop.  1,803. 

West  Port,  t.,  Essex  co.,  N.  Y.,  125  n.  Al- 
bany. Surface  level  on  the  e.,  and  hilly  on  the 
w. ;  soil,  clay  and  loam,  mostly  of  good  quality. 
Drained  by  Black  cr.,  and  several  small  streams 
flowing  into  Lake  Champlain.  It  has  9  stores, 
cap.  $47,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  2  forges, 
1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $29,000.  1  acad.  100  students,  6  sch.  307 
scholars.    Pop.  1,932. 

West  Port,  p-v.,  Oldham  co.,  Ky.,  43  n.  w. 
by  w.  Frankfort,  534  W. 

West  Port,  p-v.,  Decatur  co.,  la.,  70  s.  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 564  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
a  branch  of  the  E.  fork  of  White  r. 

West  Port,  p-v.,  Jackson  co.,  Mo.,  158  w.  N. 
w.  Jefferson  City,  1,084  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
line  of  the  state,  about  6  miles  a.  of  the  Missouri 
r.     It  contains  about  300  inhabitants. 

West  Poultney,  p-o.,  Poultney  t.,  Rutland 
co.,  Vt.,  83  s.  w.  Montpelier,  441  W. 
West  Prairie,  p-o.,  Stoddard  co.,  Mo. 
West  Prospect,  p-o.,  Prospect  t.,  Waldo  co., 
Me.,  49  e.  by  n.  Augusta,  643  W. 

West  Randolph,  p-o.,  Randolph  t,  Orange 
co.,  Vt.,  27  s.  Montpelier,  490  W.  It  contains  a 
church,  2  stores,  several  mills,  and  a  number  of 
dwellings. 

West  Richmond,  p-v.,  Richmond  t.,  Ontario 
co.,  N.  Y.,  220  w.  Albany,  357  W.  It  contains  1 
store,  1  flouring  m.f  1  saw  m.,  1  furnace,  and  12 
or  15  dwellings. 

West  Quoddy  Head,  the  w.  entrance  into 
Passamaquoddy  bay,  in  Lubec  t.,  Me.  It  con- 
tains a  lighthouse. 

West  Ripley,  p-o.,  Ripley  t.,  Somerset  co., 
Me.,  53  n.  N.  e.  Augusta,  658  W. 

West  River,  Vt.,  called  also  Wantasticook  r., 
rises  in  Weston,  and,  pursuing  a  southeasterly 
course,  falls  into  Connecticut  r.,  in  the  N.  E.  part 
of  Brattleboro'.  Its  branches  afford  much  water 
power.  It  has  some  fine  intervale  on  its  banks. 
West  River,  p-o.,  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md., 
17  Annapolis,  37  W.  Situated  on  a  branch  of 
Chesapeake  bay  on  its  w.  side. 

West  River,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  86  w» 
Detroit,  556  W. 


WES 


720 


WES 


West  River,  t.,  Randolph  co.,  la.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $2,500 ;  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.,  2  sch.  50  scholars.     Pop.  916. 

West  Rockhill,  t.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  33  n.  n. 
w.  Philadelphia,  92  e.  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  171  W. 
The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  gravelly.  Drained  by 
Perkiomen  cr.  and  a  branch  of  Tohickon  cr.  It 
has  4  stores,  cap.  $11,500 ;  4  tanneries,  3  grist  m., 
3  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.  Capital  in  manufac.  $13,611. 
Pop.  1,631. 

West  Roxbury,  p-v.,  Roxbury  t.,  Norfolk  co., 
Mass.,  10  s.  w.  Boston,  434  W.  It  contains  a 
Congregational  and  a  Unitarian  church. 

West  Rumney,  p-o.,  Rumney  t.,  Grafton  co., 
N.  H.,  51  n.  n.  w.  Concord,  521  W. 

West  Rupert,  p-o.,  Rupert  t.,  Bennington  co., 
Vt.,  97  s.  Montpelier,  421  W. 

West  Rush,  p-o.,  Rush  t.,  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y., 
221  w.  by  n.  Albany,  350  W. 

West  Rutland,  p-v.,  Rutland  t.  and  co.,  Vt., 
66  s.  s.  w.  Montpelier,  452  W.  It  contains  a 
Congregational  church. 

West  Sand  Lake,  p-v.,  Sand  Lake  t.,  Rensse- 
laer co.,  N.  Y.,  14  e.  Albany,  384  W. 

West  Sandwich,  p-v.,  Sandwich  t,  Barnsta- 
ble co.,  Mass.,  56  s.  s.  w.  Boston,  457  W. 

West  Salem,  t.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  17  n.  w. 
Mercer.  Drained  by  Shenango  creek.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $3,000  5  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  2  grist 
m.,  6  saw  m.,  16  sch.  716  scholars.     Pop.  2,528. 

West  Schuyler,  p-o.,  Schuyler  t.,  Herkimer 
co.,  N.  Y.,  88  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  392  W. 

West  Scttuate,  p-v.,  Scituate  t.,  Plymouth 
co.,  Mass.,  20  s.  e.  Boston,  447  W.  It  contains  a 
Congregational  and  a  Universalist  church. 

West  Shelburne,  p-o.,  Shelburne  t.,  Coos 
co.,  N.  H.,  107  n.  by  e.  Concord,  590  W. 

West  Sherman,  p-o.,  Sherman  t,  St.  Joseph 
co.,  Mich.,  140  s.  w.  by  w.  Detroit,  591  W. 

West  Sidney,  p-o.,  Sidney  t.,  Kennebec  co., 
Me.,  106  n.  Augusta,  601  W. 

West's  Mills,  p-o.,  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  44  N. 
w.  Augusta,  631  W. 

West  Somers,  p-v.,  Somers  t.,  Westchester 
co.,  N.  Y.,  116  s.  Albany,  278  W.  It  contains  a 
church  and  about  40  inhabitants. 

West  Springfield,  p-t.,  Hampden  co.,  Mass., 
93  w.  Boston,  363  W.  The  surface  in  some 
parts  is  rough  and  stony,  with  much  alluvial  mea- 
dow in  other  parts;  soil,  generally  very  fertile. 
Bounded  e.  by  Connecticut  r.,  over  which  is  a 
fine  bridge,  connecting  it  with  Springfield.  Wa- 
tered by  Westfield  r.,  which  affords  water  power. 
A  pond  n.  of  the  centre  has  its  outlet  s.  into 
Westfield  r.  It  contains  7  churches — 4  Congre- 
gational, 2  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist.  The  prin- 
cipal v.  opposite  to  Springfield  contains  a  Con- 
gregational church.  It  has  spacious  streets, 
bordered  by  lofty  elms,  and  has  many  fine 
dwellings.  There  is  a  v.  in  the  n.,  and  another 
in  the  s.  part  of  the  t.  The  t.  extends  n.  and  s. 
through  tne  breadth  of  the  co.  The  Boston  and 
Albany  railroad  passes  through  it.  Incorporated 
in  1774.  There  are  in  the  t.  10  stores,  cap. 
$20,700;  1  fulling  m.,  1  cotton  fac.  3,400  sp., 
27  sch.  791  scholars.    Pop.  3,626. 

West  Springfield,  p-o.,  Springfield  t.,  Sul- 
livan co.,  N.  H.,  38  n.  w.  Concord,  492  W. 

West  Springfield,  p-o.,  Springfield  t.,  Erie 
co.,  Pa.,  269  n.  w.  Harrisburg,  342  W. 

West  Stafford,  p-o.,  Stafford  t,  Tolland 
co.,  Ct.,  29  n.  n.  e.  Hartford,  365  W. 

West  Stephentown,  p-o.,  Stephentown  t., 
Rensselaer  co.,  N.  Y. 

West  Stewartstown,  p-o.,  Stewartstown 
t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H.,  141  n.  Concord,  602  W. 
West  Stockbridge,  p-t.,  Berkshire  county, 


Mass.,  13S  w.  Boston,  365  W.  The  surface  is 
generally  uneven ;  soil,  fertile.  Drained  by 
Williams  r.,  which  flows  through  the  t.  from  n. 
to  s.,  and  affords  water  power.  It  contains  an 
abundance  of  marble  variously  colored,  from  the 
the  purest  white  to  black.  The  principal  v. 
contains  1  Congregational  and  1  Methodist 
church,  several  stores,  150  dwellings,  and  about 
1,000  inhabitants.  It  is  a  great  centre  of  rail- 
roads. The  Boston  and  Albany  railroad  passes 
through  it,  and  is  here  met  by  the  Housatonic 
railroad,  and  the  Hudson  and  Berkshire  railroad. 
It  has  6  stores,  cap.  $19,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tan- 
nery, 1  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$1,000.    6  sch.  281  scholars.    Pop.  1,448. 

West  Stockbridge  Centre,  p-v.,  West 
Stockbridge  t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  141  w. 
Boston,  368  W. 

West  Stockholm,  p-o.,  Stockholm  t.,  St. 
Lawrence  co.,  N.  Y.,  218  n.  n.  w.  Albany,  502 
W. 

West  Suffield,  p-o.,  Suffield  t.,  Hartford 
co.,  Ct.,  20  n.  Hartford,  356  W. 

West  Sumner,  p-o.,  Sumner  t.,  Oxford  co., 
Me.,  43  w.  Augusta,  604  W. 

West  Sutton,  p-v.,  Sutton  t.,  Worcester  co., 
Mass.,  49  w.  s.  w.  Boston,  397  W.  It  contains  a 
Congregational  and  a  Baptist  church. 

West  Taghkanic,  p-o.,  Taghkanic  t.,  Colum- 
bia co.,  N.  Y.,  40  s.  Albany,  345  W. 

West  Thompson,  p-v.,  Thompson  t.,  Wind- 
ham co.,  Ct.,  46  e.  n.  e.  Hartford,  382  W.  It 
contains  a  Methodist  church. 

West  Thornton,  p-o.,  Thornton  t,  Grafton 
co.,  N.  H.,  53  n.  by  w.  Concord,  531  W. 

West  Tisbury,  p-v.,  Tisbury  t.,  Dukes  co., 
Mass.,  96  s.  s.  E.  Boston,  478  W.  It  contains  1 
Congregational  and  1  Methodist  church. 

West  Topsham,  p-o.,  Topsham  t.,  Orange 
co.,  Vt.,  19  s.  e.  Montpelier,  525  W. 

West  Town,  p-v.,  Minisink  t.,  Orange  co., 
N.  Y.,  116  s.  s.  w.  Albany,  267  W.  It  contains 
1  church,  an  academy,  3  stores,  30  dwellings, 
and  about  180  inhabitants. 

West  Town,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  20  n.  w. 
Philadelphia.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  sandy 
loam.  Drained  by  Chester  cr.  It  contains  2 
churches  and  2  Friends  boarding  schools,  1  for 
males,  and  1  for  females.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$9,000 ;  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$900.  1  acad.  244  students,  3  sch.  93  scholars. 
Pop.  924. 

West  Townshend,  p-o.,  Townshend  t,  Wind- 
ham co.,  Vt.,  122  s.  Montpelier,  444  W. 

West  Trenton,  p-v.,  Trenton  t.,  Hancock 
co.,  Me.,  98  E.  Augusta,  680  W. 

West  Troupsburg,  p-o.,  Troupsburg  t.,  Steu- 
ben co.,  N.  Y,  236  w.  by  s.  Albany,  295  W. 

West  Troy.    (See  Troy,  N.  Y.) 

West  Turin,  t.,  Lewis  co.,  N.  Y.,  126  n.  w. 
Albany.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  broken ; 
soil,  loam  and  fertile  clay,  adapted  to  grass. 
Drained  by  Salmon  r.  and  Fish  cr.  Bounded  e 
by  Black  r.,  where  are  the  High  falls,  63  feet 
high,  immediately  below  which  the  Black  river 
canal  enters  the  river.  It  possesses  great  water 
power.  It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $11,000  ;  1  flouring 
m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,440.  16  sch. 
472  scholars.     Pop.  2,042. 

West  Union,  p-v.,  Marshall  co.,  Va.,  347  n. 
w.  Richmond,  254  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side 
of  Wheeling  r.,  and  contains  1  Presbyterian  and 
1  Methodist  church,  an  academy,  3  stores,  1 
printing  office,  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper,  45 
dwellings,  and  about  300  inhabitants.  In  the 
vicinity  are  6  flouring  m. 

West  Union,  p-v.,  Tiffin  t.,  capital  of  Adams 


WES 


721 


WEY 


co.,  O.,  106  s.  Columbus,  443  W.  It  contain*  1 
Presbyterian  and  1  Methodist  church,  ■  market 
bouse,  ;i  Btone  court  house,  iail,  county  offices 
8  stores,  various  mechanic  Bnopa,  1  printing  of 
fice,  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper,  and  about  500 
inhabitants. 

Wkst  Union,  p-v.,  Knox  co.,  la.,  103  s.  w. 
Indianapolis,  679  W. 

Wkst  I Irbana,  p-o.,  Urbana  t.,  Steuben  co., 
N.  Y.,215  w.  by  s.  Albany,  :ill  W. 

Wkst  Vermilion,  p-o.,  Vermilion  t.,  Huron 
co.,  (_).,  11">  \.  by  B.  Columbus,  395  \V. 

West  Vienna,  p-o.,  Vienna  t.,  Oneida  co.,  N. 
Y„  185  w.  \.  w.  Albany,  383  W. 

Westville,  p-v.,  Hampden  t.,  New  Haven 
co.,  Ct..  3d  w.  b.  w.  Hartford,  303  W.  It  is  a 
manufacturing  v.,  situated  on  Wapowang  r.,  and 
contains  a  Methodist  church. 

VYkstyii.lk,  p-v.,  Westford  t.,  Otsego  co.,  N. 
Y.,  63  w.  by  B.  Albany,  333  W.  It  has  1  Bap- 
tist  church,  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  and 
about  20  dwellings. 

Westville,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  N.  Y.,  8  n.  w. 
Malone,  220  n.  by  w.  Albany.  The  surface  is 
level ;  soil,  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  Salmon  r. 
It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $18,000 ;  ]  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,645.  6  sell.  355  schol- 
ars.    Fop.  1,023. 

Westville,  p-v.,  Mad  River  t.,  Champaign 
co.,  O.,  50  w.  Columbus,  444  W. 

Westville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Simpson  county, 
Miss.,  55  Jackson,  1,024  W.  Situated  a  little  s 
of  Strong  r.,  a  branch  of  Fearl  r.  It  contains  a 
court  house  and  about  100  inhabitants. 

Westville,  v.,  Smith  t.,  Columbiana  co.,  O. 
Pop.  63. 

Westville,  v.,  Yellow  Creek  t.,  Columbiana 
co.,  O.  It  has  2  sch.,  305  scholars.  Population, 
750. 

West  Vincent,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  30  n.  w. 
Philadelphia.  The  surface  is  hilly :  soil,  sandy 
loam.  Watered  by  Stony,  French,  and  Ring 
creeks.     It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $10,500  ;  1  tannery, 

4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,377. 

5  sch.  175  scholars.     Pop.  1,232. 

West  Walworth,  p-o.,  Walworth  t.,  Wayne 
co.,  N.  Y. 

West  Wareham,  p-v.,  Wareham  t.,  Plymouth 
co.,  Mass.,  49  s.  s.  e.  Boston,  442  W.  Situated 
on  a  small  stream  which  enters  a  branch  of 
Buzzards  bay,  and  contains  several  manufac- 
turing settlements. 

Wkst  Waterville,  p-v.,  Waterville  t.,  Ken- 
nebec co.,  Me.,  19  N.  Augusta,  613  W.  Situated 
on  Emerson  stream,  which  flows  into  Kennebec 
r.,  and  has  here  a  high  cascade,  affording  good 
water  power. 

West  Whiteland,  p-t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  72 
Harrisburg,  121  W.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil, 
calcareous  loam.  Drained  by  Southern  Valley 
cr.,  which  affords  water  power.  It  has  4  stores, 
cap.  $105,000;  1  tannery,  1  fulling  m.,  2  grist  m., 
3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $15,410.  4  sch.  149 
scholars.     Pop.  1,035. 

West  Winchester,  p-v.,  Winchester  t., 
Cheshire  co.,  N.  H.,  67  s.  w.  Concord,  420  W. 
It  is  a  manufacturing  v.,  situated  on  Ashuelot  r. 

West  Windham,  p-o.,  Windham  t.,  Rocking- 
ham co.,  N.  H,  37  s.  by  e.  Concord,  457  W. 

West  Windham,  p-v.,  Windham  t.,  Bradford 
co„  Pa.,  152  n.  by  E.  Harrisburg,  263  W. 

West  Winfield,  p-o.,  Winfield  t.,  Herkimer 
co.,  N.  Y.,  73  n.  w.  Albany,  373  W. 

West  Windsor,  p-o.,  Windsor  t,  Broome  co., 
N.  Y..  132  s.  w.  Albany.  304  W.  , 

West  Windsor,  t.,  Mercer  co.,  N.  J.  It  has 
2  stores,  cap.  $1,700 ;  2  distilleries,  2  grist  ra.,  1 


saw  in.    Cap.  iii   manufac.  ch.  87 

scholars.     Pop.  1,536. 

West  Windsor,  p-o.,  Richland  co.,  O.,  67  n. 
n.  k.  Columbus,  332  w. 

Wist  Woodstock,  p-o.,  Woodstock t.,  Wind- 
ham co.,  ((.,  39  \.  K.   II  art  lord,  373  W  . 

West  Woohvh.i.k,  p-v.,  Clermont  co.,  O.,  89 

s.  w.  Columbus  168  W. 
Wkst  Woethinoton.  p-o-  Wortbington  t., 

Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  115  w.  Boston,  39J  W. 

Wkst  Wrkntham,  p-o.,  Wrcntliaiu  t.,  Nor- 
folk co.,  Mass.,  36  s.  8.  \v.  Boston,  16s  W.  Situ- 
ated on  a  branch  of  Charles  r. 

West  Yarmouth,  p-v.,  Yarmouth  t.,  Harn- 
stable  co.,  Mass.,  80s.  e.  Beaton, 481  W.  It  ion- 
tains  a  Congregational  and  a  Meiliodist  church. 

Wkst  Zanesvilkk,  t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.  It 
has  1  sch.  t'J  scholars.     Pop.  279. 

Wetiif.kskiki.d,  p-t.,  Hartford  CO.,  Ct.,  4  s.  Hart- 
ford, 336  W.  The  surface*  is  undulating;  soil, 
sandy,  gravelly,  and  argillaceous  loam,  and  very 
fertile.  Connecticut  r.  bounds  it  on  the  e.,  ou 
which  are  extensive  and  highly  productive  mea- 
dows. The  v.  is  beautifully  situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Connecticut  r.,  in  the  n.  e.  part  of  tin  t., 
and  contains  3  churches — 1  Congregational,  1 
Baptist,  and  1  Methodist — an  academy,  a  female 
seminary,  several  stores,  and  a  number  of  dwell- 
ings, many  of  them  handsome,  and  the  Connecti- 
cut state's  prison.  The  streets  are  broad,  and 
beautifully  shaded  with  elms.  The  state  prison 
contains  apartments  for  the  Warden,  200  cells 
for  convicts,  and  2  ranges  of  workshops,  the 
whole  enclosed  by  a  wall  20  feet  high.  The  v. 
of  Rocky  Hill  or  Stepney,  is  in  the  s.  part  of  the 
t.  on  Connecticut  r.,  where  is  a  convenient  land- 
ing. It  contains  a  Congregational  church,  and 
has  some  navigation.  The  v.  of  Newington,  in 
the  w.  part  of  the  t.,  contains  a  Congregational 
and  a  Methodist  church.  There  are  in  the  t.  9 
stores,  cap.  $19,575 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  3 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $157,033. 

1  acad.  56  students,  13  sch.  832  scholars.     Pop. 
3,831 

Wethersfield,  p-t.,  Wyoming  co.,  N.  Y.,  253 
w.  Albany,  361  W.  The  surface  is  rolling  :  soil, 
sandy  andi  clay  loam,  adapted  to  grass.  Drain- 
ed by  Tonewanda  and  Wiskoy  creeks.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $M,000 ;  3  lulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 

2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $24,300.    9  sch.  560  scholars.     Pop.  1,728. 

Wethersfield,  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  169  n. 
e.  Columbus,  298  W.  Drained  by  Mahoning  r. 
The  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio  canal  passes  through 
it.     It  has  9  sch.  500  scholars.     Pop.  1,447. 

Wethersfield,  p-v.,  Henry  co.,  III.  Situa- 
ted on  a  branch  of  Spoon  r. 

Wethersfield  Springs,  p-v.,  Wethersfield 
L,  Wyoming  co.,  N.  Y.,  253  w.  Albany,  363  W. 
It  contains  3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Epis- 
copal, and  1  Melhcnlist — 2  stores,  1  woollen  lac, 
I  tannery,  25  dwellings,  and  159  inhabitants.  A 
spring  here  affords  water  sufficient  to  propel  the 
factory. 

Wetumpka,  city,  Montgomery  co.,  Ala.,  110 
8.  E.  Tuscaloosa.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  the 
Coosa  r.,  and  contains  4  churches — 1  Baptist,  1 
Episcopal,  1  Methodist,  1  Presbyterian— the 
slate  prison,  1  academy,  18  stores,  275  dwellings, 
and  "J.6J0  inhabitants.  The  Harrogate  springs, 
containing  valuable  mineral  properties,  are  situ- 
ated on  the  s.  of  the  city,  and  are  a  place  of 
•rt  during  the  summer  months. 

W  l  xford,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  215  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  241  W. 

Wevbridge,  t.,  Addison  c.,  Vt.,  30  s.  by  e. 
Burlington.    Drained  by  Otter  Creek  r.,  which 


91 


WHE 


722 


WHE 


has  here  several  falls,  affording  good  water 
power,  and  by  Lemonfair  r.  The  surface  is 
uneven  ;  soil,  fertile,  adapted  to  grazing.  It  con- 
tains a  Congregational  church,  and  a  small  v.  on 
Otter  Creek,  where  are  1  store,  and  1  woollen 
fac.  Chartered  in  1761.  There  are  in  the  t.  3 
stores,  cap.  $4,200;  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
1  tannery,  1  paper  fac,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1 
oil  m.  Can.  in  manufac.  $17,100.  6  sch.  153 
scholars.     Pop.  797. 

Wkybridge  Lower  Falls,  p-o.,  Weybridge 
t.,  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  63  s.  w.  Montpelier,  486  W. 
Weymouth,  p-t.,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  12  s.  s.  e. 
Boston,  446  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  soil,  a 
fertile  gravelly  loam.  Weymouth  Eastr.  and  West 
r.  are  branches  of  Boston  harbor,  and  are  naviga- 
ble for  large  vessels.  It  contains  Whitman's 
pond  in  the  centre,  and  Great  pond  in  its  s.  part. 
It  has  3  churches — 2  Congregational,  1  Metho- 
dist, It  has  2  villages,  1  in  the  n.,  and  the  other 
in  the  s.  part  of  the  t.  The  North  v.  has  800  tons 
of  shipping.  It  has  28  stores,  cap.  $30,800;  4 
lumber  yards,  cap.  $34,000 ;  1  tannery,  4  grist 
m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $219,400.  4 
acad.  172  students,  8  sch.  1,005  scholars.  Pop. 
3,738. 

Weymouth,  t.,  Atlantic  co.,  N.  J.  It  has  8 
stores,  cap.  $16,200  ;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $2,000 ; 
1  forge,  1  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$14,000.     6  sch.  336  scholars.     Pop   1,158. 

Weymouth,  p-o.,  Medina  t.,  Medina  co.,  O., 
129  n.  N.  E.  Columbus,  351  W. 

Whaleysville,  p-v.,  Worcester  co.,  Md.,  115 
s.  E.  Annapolis,  155  W. 

Wharton,  t.,  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  11  s.  e.  Union- 
town.  The  surface  is  mountainous  ;  soil,  gravel. 
Youghiogheny  r.  runs  on  its  E.  and  n.  boundary, 
by  branches  of  which  it  is  drained.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $4,000 ;  1  furnace,  1  tannery,  2  grist 
m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $1,550.  4  sch 
106  scholars.     Pop.  1,325. 

Wharton,  p-t.,  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  179  w.  s.  w 
Harrisburg,  271  W.  Watered  by  a  branch  of 
Sandy  cr.,  which  flows  into  Cheat  r.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $3,000 ;  2  grist  m.,  4  saw.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $5,000.     Pop.  171. 

Wharton's,  p-o.,  Brookfield  t.,  Morgan  co. 
O.,  99  e.  by  s.  Columbus,  318  W. 

Whately,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  9  n 
Northampton,  94  w.  Boston,  339  W.  The  sur 
face  is  uneven ;  soil,  fertile,  especially  on  the 
streams.  Bounded  E.  by  Connecticut  r.  Drained 
by  Mill  r.  It  contains  a  Congregational  and  a 
Baptist  church.  Incorporated  in  1771.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $5,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac 
1  cotton  fac  200  sp.,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  4  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $27,870.  6  sch.  380  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  1,072. 

Wheatfield,  t.,  Niagara  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  w. 
Lockport,  289  w.  by  n.  Albany.  The  surface  is 
undulating ;  soil,  generally  a  fertile  loam.  Ni- 
agara r.  bounds  it  on  the  w.  Drained  by  Tona- 
wanda  cr.  It  has  1  saw  m.,  6  sch.  352  scholars. 
Pop.  1,057. 

Wheatfield,  t.,  Perry  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $1,500 ;  1  furnace,  1  forge,  2  grist  m.,  3  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,760 ;  4  sch.  91  scholars. 
Pop.  617. 

Wheatland,  p-t.,  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y.,  14  s.  w. 
Rochester,  273  w.  by  n.  Albany,  368  W.  The 
surface  is  undulating ;  soil,  calcareous  loam, 
adapted  to  grain.  Drained  by  Aliens  cr.,  flow- 
ing into  Genesee  r.,  which  bounds  it  on  the  E. 
The  v.  stands  on  Aliens  cr.,  1  m.  from  its  mouth. 
There  are  in  the  t.  13  stores,  cap.  $45,900  ;  1  full- 
ing m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  furnace,  3  tanneries,  2 
distilleries,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manu- 


fac $204,431.     13  sch.  806  scholars.     Population, 
2,871. 

Wheatland,  p-o.,  Loudon  co.,  Va.,  163  n. 
Richmond,  44  W. 

Wheatland,  p-t.,  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  88  s. 
w.  Detroit,  528  W.  (Post-office  called  Wheat- 
land Centre.)  It  has  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$1,200.    5  sch.  109  scholars.    Pop.  164. 

Wheat  ley,  p-o.,  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  99  n. 
Richmond,  88  W. 

Wheeler,  p-t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  216  w.  by 
s.  Albany,  308  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil, 
sandy  loam  and  clay.  Drained  by  Five  Mile  cr. 
and  other  branches  of  Conhocton  r.  It  has  1  full- 
ing m.,  1  tannery,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$4,950.    9  sch.  331  scholars.     Pop.  1,294. 

Wheelersburg,  p-v.,  Porter  t.,  Scioto  co.,  O., 
10  n.  E.  Portsmouth,  99  s.  Columbus,  415  W.  It 
was  formerly  called  Concord,  and  contains  5 
stores,  1  steam  cotton  fac,  1  machine  shop,  where 
steam  engines  are  constructed,  30  dwellings,  and 
about  200  inhabitants. 

Wheeling,  cr.,  Va.  and  Pa.,  rises  in  Washing- 
ton and  Greene  counties,  Pa.,  and  enters  the  Ohio 
r.,in  Ohio  co.,  Va.,  immediately  below  Wheeling  v. 
Wheeling,  city,  port  of  entrv,  and  capital  of 
Ohio  co.,  Va.,  351  n.  w.  Richmond,  266  W.  Pop. 
1810,  914  ;  1820,  1,567  ;  1830,  5,221 ;  1840,  7,835. 
Situated  on  the  e.  bank  of  Ohio  r.,  at  the  mouth 
of  Wheeling  cr.  It  contains  a  handsome  court 
house,  a  jail,  county  offices,  an  academy,  2  banks, 
a  theatre,  a  masonic  hall,  the  Wheeling  Institute, 
9  churches — 2  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  1  Bap- 
tist, 2  Methodist,  1  Campbellite,  1  Friends,  and  1 
Roman  Catholic — 2  academies,  97  stores,  7  com- 
mission and  forwarding  houses,  4  iron  foundries, 
4  steam  engine  fac,  8  glass  houses,  in  several  of 
which  cut  glass  is  manufactured,  4  woollen  and 
cotton  fac  with  carding  machines,  2  paper  m.,  4 
saw  m.,  3  white  and  sheet  lead  and  copperas 
fac,  and  in  the  vicinity  134  flouring  m.  The  city 
contains  about  1,000  dwellings,  and  is  handsome- 
ly situated  on  a  high  bank  of  the  r.  Over  20 
steamboats  are  owned  here,  and  many  others 
stop  at  its  wharves.  The  national  road  passes 
through  the  place.  The  city  extends  H  m.  along 
the  r.,  is  a  great  thoroughfare,  and  the  largest 
place  in  W.  Va.  It  was  laid  out  in  1793,  and  has 
received  10  additions,  and  now  contains  1,270 
lots,  856  on  the  n.  and  414  on  the  s.  side  of 
Wheeling  cr.  Zane's  island  lies  in  the  Ohio  r., 
immediately  in  front  of  the  city,  and  contains  350 
acres,  one  half  of  which  is  laid  in  923  lots,  and 
connected  by  a  bridge  with  the  city.  This  place 
is  called  Columbia  City,  and  the  national  road 
passes  through  it.  '  Bituminous  coal  is  abundant 
in  the  vicinity,  and  1,500,000  bushels  are  exported 
annually.     Tonnage  1840,  2,460. 

Wheeling,  p-v.,  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  74  s.  Nash- 
ville, 724  W. 

Wheeling,  t.,  Belmont  co.,  O.  The  soil  is 
fertile,  adapted  to  grain  and  fruit.  Drained  by 
Indian  Wheeling  cr.,  which  affords  water  power. 
It  has  2  sch.  65  scholars.     Pop.  1,389. 

Wheeling,  t.,  Guernsey  co.,  O.  Drained  by 
Wills  cr.     It  has  5  sch.  172  scholars.     Pop.  909. 

Wheeling,  p-v.,  Delaware  co.,  la.,  71  n.  n.  e. 
Indianapolis,  542  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of 
Mississinewa  r. 

Wheeling,  p-o.,  Cook  co.,  111.,  227  n.  n.  e. 
Springfield,  733  W. 

Wheeling,  p-v.,  Holmes  co.,  Miss.,  81  n.  by 
e.  Jackson,  978  W.  Situated  on  a  branch  of  Big 
Black  r. 

Wheelock,  p-t.,  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  43  n.  e. 
Montpelier,  556  W.  Granted  and  chartered  in 
1785  to  the  president  and  trustees  of  Dartmouth 


Will 


723 


Will 


College  and  .Moore's  charity  school.  Named  in 
honor  of  the  first  president  of  the  college,  Rev. 
John  Wheelock,  L).  D.  A  considerable  part  of 
the  land  is  held  on  lease.  First  settled  in  1790. 
The  w.  part  is  uneven  and  rough,  the  E.  part  is 
fertile  and  well  cultivated.  A  pond  of  100  acres 
in  its  w.  part  discharges  its  waters  into  Lamoille 
r.,  and  affords  water  power;  another  of 50  acres, 
in  the  k.  part.  Hows  in  Pasumpsic  r.  It  contains 
a  Freewill  Baptist  church.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$3,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1  grist  in.,  3  saw 
in.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,700.  12  sch.  268  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  881. 

Wiif. t.stone.  r.,  O.,  called  also  Olentangy  r., 
rises  in  Richland  co.,and  discharges  its  waters  into 
Scioto  r.,  immediately  above  Columbus. 

Witktstone,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  O.,  18  s.  e. 
Bucyrus.  It  has  7  sch.  480  scholars.  Pop. 
1,121. 

Whippy  Swamp,  p-o.,  Beaufort  dist.,  South 
Carolina. 

White,  r.,  Vt.,  rises  in  Hancock  t.,  Addison 
co.,  and  receives  3  large  branches  from  the  n., 
called  the  First,  Second,  and  Third  branches,  in 
Bethel  and  Royalton.  The  Second  branch  has 
its  source  in  Williamstown,  in  the  same  swamp 
with  Stevens'  branch  of  Onion  or  Winooski  r. 
Each  of  these  branches  affords  water  power. 
White  r.  is  about  55  ms.  long,  and  flows  into 
Connecticut  r.,  in  Hartford  t.  It  is  the  largest 
r.  in  Vt.  on  the  e.  side  of  the  Green  mts.  The 
road  along  Onion  r.  and  down  White  r.  affords  a 

{tleasant  passage  across  the  state,  with  no  high 
nils. 

White,  r..  la.,  is  composed  of  the  East  and 
West  forks.  The  first  rises  in  Johnson  co.,  re- 
ceives numerous  tributaries,  and  can  be  made 
navigable  150  ms.  above  the  confluence  of  the 
branches.  The  West  fork  rises  in  Randolph  co., 
receives  numerous  branches,  and  is  navigable  for 
steamboats  in  high  water  as  far  as  Indianapolis, 
and  for  flat-boats  much  further.  The  branches 
unite  between  Daviess  and  Knox  co's.,  and  flow- 
ing about  30  ms.  w.  s.  w.  enter  the  Wabash  r. 
The  lower  part  of  the  r.  is  200  yards  wide,  and 
is  navigable  for  ordinary  steamboats  at  the  usual 
stages  of  water,  in  the  spring  season. 

White,  r.,  Ark.,  rises  in  a  ridge  called  the 
Black  mountains,  and  running  a  considerable 
distance  in  .Mo.,  enters  Ark.,  and  receives  Big 
Black  r.  from  the  n.,  between  Independence  and 
Jackson  counties.  Thence  flowing  s.  and  8.  s.  E. 
it  receives  on  the  w.  Little  Red  r.,  and  on  the  e. 
Cache  r.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  r.  in  Desha 
co.  About  7  ms.  from  its  mouth  it  is  connected, 
through  an  inundated  forest,  by  a  bayou  as  wide 
as  the  r.  with  Arkansas  r.,  30  ms.  above  its  mouth, 
which,  in  moderate  stages  of  the  water,  is  boat- 
able.  White  r.  has  a  very  winding  course,  and 
is  said  to  be  boatable  for  1,000  ms.,  though  its 
length  in  a  direct  course,  is  not  over  500  ms. 
The  country  through  which  it  flows  is  extensive- 
ly a  fertile  agricultural  and  a  rich  mineral  re- 
gion. Near  its  entrance  into  the  Mississippi,  its 
course  is  through  a  deep  swamp. 

White  Mountains,  N.  H.  Situated  in  Coos 
co.,  toward  the  n.  e.  part  of  the  state.  In  their 
more  elevated  parts,  the  range  extends  in  a  di- 
rection of  n.  w.  and  s.  e.  for  20  ms.,  with  a 
breadth  of  8  or  10  ms.  They  lie  30  ms.  n.  of 
Winnipiseogee  lake,  and  70  n.  Concord.  Until 
recently  they  were  regarded  as  the  highest  land 
in  the  United  States  e.  of  the  Rocky  mountains, 
but  it  has  been  ascertained  that  there  are  higher 
peaks  in  North  Carolina.  The  3  highest  peaks 
of  each,  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  are  as  fol- 
lows: 


While  Mountains,  X.  II. 

Mount  Washington  .  .  6,234  feet. 

"        Adams :">.:' 

44        Jefferson 5,058     " 

Mountains  in  Yancey  co.,  N.  C. 
Black  Mountain  ....  6,476  feet. 
Roane        "         ....  6,038    '4 
Grandfather  mt 5,556    " 

Madison  peak,  of  the  White  mountains,  is  4,866 
feet,  Monroe  4,711  feet,  Franklin  4,356  feel 
fayette  4,339  feet  high.  Mount  Washington  is 
frequently  visited  by  travellers,  who  commonly 
ascend  by  the  s.  e.  side,  commencing  at  the  town 
of  Conway,  and  following  the  course  of  the 
r.,  which  rises  high  in  the  mt.  After  climbing  up 
the  side  of  the  mt.  for  a  considerable  distance, 
the  trees  begin  to  diminish  in  height,  till  at  the 
elevation  of  about  4,000  feet,  you  come  to  a  re- 
gion of  dwarfish  evergreens,  about  the  height  of 
a  man's  head,  putting  forth  numerous  horizontal 
branches,  closely  interwoven  with  each  other, 
and  surrounding  the  mountain  with  a  formidable 
hedge.  On  emerging  from  this  thicket,  you  are 
above  all  woods,  at  the  foot  of  what  is  called  the 
bald  part  of  the  mountain,  which  consists  of  a 
huge  pile  of  naked  rocks.  After  attaining  the 
summit,  the  traveller  is  recompensed  for  his  toil, 
if  the  sky  be  clear,  with  a  most  grand  and  exten- 
sive prospect,  embracing  the  Atlantic  ocean  at 
Portland,  65  ms.  in  a  direct  line  to  the  s.  E. ;  the 
Katahdin  mountains  to  the  n.  e.,  near  the  sources 
of  Penobscot  r. ;  on  the  w.  to  the  Green  moun- 
tains in  Vt. ;  and  Monadnock  mt.,  120  ms.  s.  w. 
Among  the  nearer  and  more  picturesque  objects 
are  Umbagog  and  Winnipiseogee  lakes,  Andros- 
coggin and  Connecticut  rivers,  and  numerous 
smaller  lakes  and  streams.  Beneath  and  around, 
in  every  direction,  the  mountains  extend  many 
miles  from  the  summit,  resembling  in  their  shape 
the  waves  of  the  sea  in  a  storm.  The  elevated 
summits  of  the  White  mountains  are  covered 
with  snow  for  9  or  10  months  in  the  year.  The 
writer  of  this  has  seen  Mount  Washington  from 
a  high  hill  a  little  w.  of  Hallowell,  Me.,  in  the 
month  of  May,  its  white  top  apparently  covered 
with  snow.  The  Notch  or  Gap,  on  the  w.  side 
of  the  mountain,  is  a  deep  and  narrow  defile,  in 
one  part  only  22  feet  wide.  The  road  from  Lan- 
caster, N.  H.,  to  Portland  Me.,  which  passes 
through  this  gap,  is  crossed  by  Saco  r.  Several 
brooks,  the  tributaries  of  the  Saco,  fall  down  the 
sides  of  the  mountains,  forming  a  succession  of 
beautiful  cascades,  some  of  them  within  sight  of 
the  road,  presenting  the  wildest  and  most  roman- 
tic scenery.  The  White  mountains  belong  to  a 
range  which  extends  southwardly  to  Belcher- 
town,  Mass.,  where  it  divides  into  2  branches, 
called  the  Lyme  range,  and  the  Mount  Tom 
range. 

White,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  in  the  cen- 
tral part  of  the  state,  and  contains  672  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Caney  Fork  of  Cumberland  r.  and 
its  branches.  Capital,  Sparta.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  9,709,  sheep  8,970,  swine  34,277 ; 
wheat  51,082  bush,  produced,  rye  6,691,  Ind.  corn 
405,149,  oats  85,899,  potatoes  15,563,  tobacco 
23,014  pounds,  cotton  8,193,  sugar  1,096 ;  8  stores, 
cap.  $35,600;  2  forges,  68  tanneries,  32  distiller- 
ies, 3  potteries,  10  flouring  m.,  21  grist  m.,  13  saw 
m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $20,865.  Pop.  whites  9,640,  slaves 
933,  free  col'd  174 ;  total,  10,747. 

White,  county,  la.  Situated  toward  the  n. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  530  sq.  ms. 
Nearly  one  half  the  surface  is  prairie,  and  the  goil 


WHI 


724 


WHI 


's  fertile.  Drained  by  Tippecanoe  r.  and  its  tri- 
butaries. Capital,  Monticello.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  3,617,  sheep  2,254,  swine  6,071 ; 
wheat  17,981  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  124,732, 
oats  36,528,  potatoes  7,849  ;  2  flouring  m.,  53  saw 
m.,  5  sch.  95  scholars.     Pop.  1,832. 

White,  county,  111.  Situated  toward  the  s.  k. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  480  sq.  ms.  Wa- 
bash r.  bounds  it  on  the  e.  Drained  by  Little 
Wabash  r.  and  Skillet  Fork.  Between  Great 
and  Little  Wabash  are  fine  prairies,  and  the 
margins  of  these  streams  are  heavily  timbered. 
Capital,  Carmi.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
6,912,  sheep  6,602,  swine  30,9 -f 7 :  wheat  32,953 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  382,710,  oats  42,262, 
potatoes  6,232,  tobacco  68,061  pounds,  cotton 
2,208 ;  1  commission  house,  cap.  $500 ;  20  stores, 
cap.  $72,760 ;  7  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  2  flouring 
m.,  8  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$19,230.     14  sch.  352  scholars.     Pop.  7,919. 

White,  county,  Ark.  Situated  a  little  n.  e. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,000  sq. 
ms.  White  r.  runs  on  its  E.  border.  Drained  by 
Little  Red  r.  Capital,  Searcy.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  3,155,  sheep  367,  swine  3,827; 
wheat  327  bush,  produced,  Indian  corn  37,910, 
oats  1,745,  potatoes  3,879 ;  3  stores,  cap.  $12,750  ; 
5  grist  rn.,  1  saw  m.  Pop.  whites  841,  slaves  88 ; 
total,  929. 

White,  t.,  Cambria  co.,  Pa.    It  has  2  saw  m., 

3  sch.  90  scholars.    Pop.  433. 

White,  p-o.,  Hancock  co.,  la.,  39  Indianapolis, 
550  W. 

White,  t.,  Carroll  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1  grist  m., 
1  sch.  20  scholars.     Pop.  222. 

White  Chimneys,  p-o.,  Caroline  co.,  Va.,  30 
N.  Richmond,  90  W. 

White  Clay  Creek,  ph.,  New  Castle  co., 
Del.     The  cr.  is  a  branch  of  Christiana  cr. 

White  Cottage,  p-o.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.,  60 
Columbus,  345  W. 

White  Cross,  p-o.,  Orange  co.,  N.  C. 

White,  C.  IL,  p-v.,  capital  of  White  co.,  Ark., 
50  n.  n.  e.  Little  Rock,  1,076  W.  Situated  in 
Searcy  v.,  on  the  s.  w.  bank  of  Little  Red  r.  It 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and  a  number  of 
dwellings. 

White  Creek,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  N.  Y., 
12  s.  Salem,  43  N.  e.  Albany,  413  W.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly ;  soil,  a  fertile  sandy  loam,  highly 
cultivated.  Drained  by  Owl  antl  Little  White 
creeks,  flowing  into  Hoosic  r.,  which  bounds  it 
partly  on  the  s.  The  v.  is  situated  on  White  cr., 
and  contains  1  Baptist  and  1  Friends  church,  3 
stores,  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  100  dwellings, 
and  about  700  inhabitants.  It  is  surrounded  by 
a  fertile  agricultural  region,  particularly  adapted 
to  grazing.  There  are  in  the  t.  8  stores,  cap. 
$16,001) ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  2  grist  m., 

4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,000.  8  sch.  230 
scholars.     Pop.  2,195. 

White  Creek  Springs,  p-o.,  Davidson  co., 
Tenn.,  11  n.  Nashville,  695  W. 

White  Day,  p-o.,  Monongalia  co.,  Va.,  284  n. 
w.  Richmond,  217  W. 

White  Deer,  mt.,  a  chain  of  the  Alleghany 
mountains,  running  e.  and  w.  The  w.  branch 
of  Susquehanna  r.  washes  its  eastern  base. 

White  Deer,  p-v.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  78  n. 
Harrisburg,  188  W. 

White  Deer,  t.,  Union  co.,  Pa.  The  surface 
is  mountainous ;  soil,  calcareous  loam,  gravel, 
and  alluvion.  Bounded  n.  by  White  Deer  moun- 
tain. Drained  by  White  Deer  cr.,  which  flows 
into  Susquehanna  r.  It  contains  the  v.  of  New 
Columbia.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $6,000 ;  2  fulling 
m.,  2  tanneries,  2  distilleries,  2  grist  m.,  6  saw  m., 


1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,150.  5  sch.  500 
scholars.     Pop.  1,252. 

White  Deer  Mills,  p-o.,  Union  co.,  Pa.,  75 
n.  Harrisburg,  185  W. 

White  Eyes,  t.,  Coshocton  co.,  O.  Organized 
in  1823.  Drained  by  small  branches  of  Tuscara- 
was r.  It  has  2  distilleries,  1  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Pop.  997. 

White  Eyes  Plains,  p-o.,  Coshocton  co.,  O., 
88  n.  E.  Columbus,  329  W.  The  plains  are  on 
the  s.  side  of  Tuscarawas  r.,  and  are  named  from 
a  Delaware  Indian  chief. 

Whitefield,  p-t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  14  n.  Wis- 
casset,  16  s.  e.  Augusta,  602  W.  Drained  by 
Sheepscot  r.,  which  affords  good  water  power. 
Incorporated  in  1809.  It  has  7  stores,  capital 
$7,400 ;  2  fulling  m.,  6  tanneries.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $1,700.     16  sch.  917  scholars.     Pop.  2,150. 

Whitefield,  p-t.,  Coos  co.,  N.  H.,  9  s.  Lan- 
caster, 93  n.  Concord,  554  W.  Drained  by  John's 
r.  It  has  several  ponds.  The  soil  is  light  and 
moderately  fertile.  Chartered  in  1774.  It  has 
1  store,  cap.  $3,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  1 
grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,000.  5 
sch.  235  scholars.     Pop.  751. 

Whiteford,  p-o.,  Lucas  co.,  O.,  146  n.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 477  W. 

White  Gate,  p-o.,  Giles  co.,  Va.,  241  w.  Rich- 
mond, 301  W. 

White  Hall,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  N.  Y..  21 
n.  Sandy  Hill,  73  n.  Albany,  443  W.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly ;  soil,  generally  clay,  adapted  to 
frass.  Drained  by  Wood  cr.  and  Pawlet  and 
'oultney  rivers,  which  enter  into  the  head  of 
Lake  Champlain.  The  v.  is  situated  at  the  head 
of  Lake  Champlain,  and  contains  3  churches — 1 
Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist — a 
bank,  30  stores  and  groceries,  2  forwarding  houses, 
1  woollen  fac,  1  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.,  I  planing 
machine,  1  machine  shop,  2  ship  yards,  and  2  dry 
docks,  1  tannery,  300  dwellings,  and  2,400  in- 
habitants. Two  large  steamboats  sail  from  this 
place  for  the  conveyance  of  passengers  and  mer- 
chandise, and  2  steam  tow-boats,  50  sloops  and 
schooners,  and  70  canal  boats.  Two  daily  lines 
of  canal  packets,  when  the  canal  is  open,  leave 
this  place  for  Troy.  This  is  the  N.  termination 
of  the  Champlain  canal.  There  are  in  the  t.  27 
stores,  cap.  $94,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  printing  office, 
1  weekly  newspaper,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac  $18,550.  3  acad.  164  students,  16 
sch.  859  scholars.     Pop.  3,813. 

White  Hall,  p-v.,  Madeira  t.,  Columbia  co., 
Pa.,  87  n.  Harrisburg,  197  W.  It  contains  a  store 
and  5  or  6  dwellings. 

White  Hall,  p-o.,  Tuscarawas  co.,  O.,  107  e. 
n.  e.  Columbus,  302  W. 

White  Hall,  p-v.,  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  154  n. 
n.  w.  Richmond,  82  W.  It  contains  1  Methodist 
church,  2  stores,  18  dwellings,  and  75  inhabitants. 

White  Hall,  p-o.,  Baltimore  co.,  Md. 

White  Hall,  p-v.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.  C, 
166  w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  405  W.  It  contains  about 
75  inhabitants. 

White  Hall,  p-v.,  Abbeville  dist.,  S.  C,  93 
w.  Columbia,  545  W.  It  contains  about  50  in- 
habitants. 

White  Hall,  p-v.,  Marengo  co.,  Ala ,  94  s. 
Tuscaloosa,  894  W. 

White  Hall,  p-v.,  St.  Joseph  co.,  la.,  133  n. 
Indianapolis,  630  W. 

White  Hall,  p-v.,  Greene  co.,  111.,  59  s.  w. 
Springfield,  841  VV.  It  contains  1  Baptist  and  1 
Methodist  church,  11  stores,  1  steam  saw  m.,  and 
295  inhabitants. 

White  Hall,  p-v.,  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  190  s. 
w.  Nashville,  875  W. 


win 


7 'J.") 


win 


15 j  a.  w. 
114  N. 


White  Hare,  p-o,  Barry  co.,  Mo 
Jefferson  City,  1,101  W. 

White  Haven,  p-v.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa 
e.  Harrisburg  222  W. 

White  Haven,  p-v.,  Somerset  co.,  Md.,  103 
8.  E.  Annapolis,  143  W.  Situated  on  Wicomico 
r.,  and  contains  about  75  inhabitants. 

White  House,  p-o,  Readington  t.,  Hunter- 
don co.,  N.  J.,  40  n.  N.  w.  Trenton,  205  W. 
Situated  on  Rockaway  creek,  and  contains  1 
Presbyterian  and  1  Dutch  Reformed  church,  3 
stores,  and  15  or  20  dwellings. 

White  House,  p-o.,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  21 
w.  s.  w.  Harrisburg,  110  W. 

White  House,  p-o.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va., 
129  s.  w.  Richmond,  234  W. 

White  House,  p-o.,  Henry  co.,  Ga.,  72  w.  N. 
w.  Milledgeville,  676  W. 

White  House,  p-o.,  Lewis  co.,  Ky.,  101  e.  n. 
E.  Frankfort,  4S4  W. 

White  Lake,  p-o.,  Bethel  t.,  Sullivan  co.,  N. 
Y.,  118  s.  w.  Albany,  302  W. 

White  Lake,  p-t.,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  43  n. 
w.  Detroit,  567  W.  It  has  1  sch.  15  scholars. 
Pop.  549. 

Whiteley,  p-t.,  Greene  co.,  Pa.  The  surface 
is  rolling ;  soil,  loam.  Drained  by  Whiteley  cr., 
which  flows  into  Monongahela  river,  and  by 
branches  of  Dunkard's  creek.  It  has  10  stores, 
cap.  $103,800;  1  woollen  fac,  3  tanneries,  3  dis- 
tilleries, 3  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$5,845.     7  sch.  114  scholars.     Pop.  2,043. 

Whiteleysburg,  p-v.,  Kent  co.,  Del.,  20  s. 
w.  Dover,  103  W. 

White  Marsh,  p-t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  11 
N.  w.  Philadelphia,  104  E.  Harrisburg,  150  W. 
The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  red  shale.  Drained 
by  Wissahickon  cr.  The  v.  is  situated  on  Wis- 
sahickon  cr.,  and  contains  1  Episcopal  church,  1 
store,  1  flouring  m.,  and  1  grist  m.  Lime  is  man- 
ufactured. It  has  12  stores,  can.  $27,000 ;  2  lum- 
ber yards,  cap.  $10,200;  1  fulling  m.,  2  cotton 
fac.  72  sp.,  5  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $48,090.  6  sch.  246  scholars. 
Pop.  2,079. 

White  Marsh,  p-o.,  Columbus  co 
s.  by  w.  Raleigh,  423  W. 

White  Mountains,  p-o.,  Coos  co.,  N 
N.  Concord,  562  W.  _  '      _ 

White  Oak,  p-o.,  Rutherford  co.,  N.  C,  226 
w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  463  W. 

White  Oak,  p-o.,  Columbia  co.,Ga.,  105  e.  n. 
e.  Milledgeville,  597  W. 

White  Oak,  p-o.,  Humphreys  co.,  Tenn.,  67 
w.  Nashville,  751  W. 

White  Oak,  t.,  Highland  co.,  O.  Drained  by 
branches  of  White  Oak  cr.  It  has  4  sch.  117 
scholars.     Pop.  887. 

White  Oak,  t.,  Ingham  county,  Mich.  Pop. 
270. 

White  Oak  Flats,  p-o.,  Sevier  co.,  Tenn., 
237  e.  by  s.  Nashville,  510  W. 

White  Oak  Grove,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Mo.,  164 
s.  s.  w.  Jefferson  City,  1,081  W. 

White  Oak  Springs,  p-o.,  Barbour  co.,  Ala., 
189  s.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  821  W. 

White  Oak  Springs,  p-v.,  Iowa  co.,  Wis., 
92  s.  w.  Madison,  876  W. 

White  Pigeon,  p-t.,  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich., 
148  w.  s.  w.  Detroit,  593  W.  The  v.  is  situated 
on  White  Pigeon  cr.,  and  contains  1  Presbyterian 
and  1  Methodist  church,  5  stores,  several  me- 
chanic shops,  and  a  few  dwellings.  It  is  a  place 
of  considerable  business.  There  are  in  the  t.  1 
tannery,  1  distillery,  3  flouring  m.,  3  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $23,000.  Pop.  680. 
White  Plains,  p-t.,  semi-capital  of  Westches- 


N. 


C,  135 
H.,  101 


tor  co.,  N.  V.,  129  s.  Albany,  254  W.  The  sur- 
face is  uneven  ;  soil,  loam,  adapted  to  grass,  and 
well  cultivated.  Drained  by  Bronx  river  and 
Mamaroneck  cr.  The  v.  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  county  clerk's  office,  4  churches — 1  Presby- 
terian, 1  Episcopal,  and  2  Methodist — an  acade- 
my, a  female  seminary,  4  stores,  1  woollen  fac, 
100  dwellings,  and  about  700  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.  4  acad.  100  students,  4  sch.  102 
scholars.     Pop.  1,087. 

White  Plains,  p-o.,  Brunswick  co.,  Va.,  90  s. 
s.  w.  Richmond,  206  W. 

White  Plains,  p-o.,  Anderson  dist.,  S.  C, 
135  w.  n.  w.  Columbia,  531  W. 

White  Plains,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  Ga.,  13  k. 
by  s.  Greensboro',  56  n.  Milledgeville,  616  W. 
It  contains  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  2 
stores. 

White  Plains,  p-o.,  Benton  co.,  Ala.,  146  e. 
n.  E.  Tuscaloosa,  724  W. 

White  Plains,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,Tenn.,  96  e. 
n.  e.  Nashville,  618  W. 

White  Post,  p-v.,  Clarke  co.,  Va.,  140  n.  n. 
w.  Richmond,  71  W. 

White  Post,  p-o.,  Pulaski  co.,  la.,  96  n.  n. 
w.  Indianapolis,  655  W. 

White  River,  p-o.,  Desha  co.,  Ark.,  139  s.  e. 
Little  Rock,  1,065  W. 

White  River,  t.,  Benton  co.,  Ark.  Pop. 
231. 

White  River,  t.,  Gibson  co.,  la.  It  has  2 
sch.  64  scholars.    Pop.  700. 

White  River,  t.,  Hamilton  co.,  la.  It  has  2 
sch.  95  scholars.    Pop.  1,343. 

White  River,  t.,  Izard  co.,  Ark.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $9,700 ;  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $8,350.  2  sch.  52  scholars.  Pop. 
551. 

White  River,  t.,  Independence  co.,  Ark.  It 
has  2  sch.  45  scholars.     Pop.  556. 

White  River,  t.,  Marion  co.,  Ark.  It  has  1 
grist  m.    Pop.  339. 

White  River,  t.,  Randolph  co.,  la.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $10,500;  3  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1 
flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $1,490.    4  sch.  105  scholars.    Pop.  2,227. 

White  River,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Ark.  Pop. 
492. 

Whites,  p-o.,  Elbert  co.,  Ga.,  114  n.  n.  e. 
Milledgeville,  593  W. 

Whites  Bend,  p-o.,  Davidson  co.,  Tenn.,  8 
Nashville,  692  W. 

Whitesborough,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.  (See 
Whitestown.) 

Whitesburg,  p-v.,  Madison  co.,  Ala.,  143  n. 
n.  e.  Tuscaloosa,  718  W. 

White  Stone,  p-o.,  Lancaster  co.,  Va.,  95  E. 
by  n.  Richmond,  156  W. 

Whitesides,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  n. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  770  so.,  miles. 
Formed  in  1836  from  Jo-Daviess  co.  Watered 
by  Rock  river  and  its  branches.  The  surface  is 
level  or  undulating ;  soil,  fertile.  Capital,  Lyn- 
don. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,8S2, 
sheep  765,  swine  6,751 ;  wheat  27,206  bushels 
produced,  Indian  corn  80,630,  oats  26,886,  pota- 
toes 33,918,  sugar  1,020  pounds;  12  stores,  cap. 
$32,500 ;  4  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $24,700.    8  sch.  194  scholars.     Pop.  2,514. 

White's  Store,  p-o.,  Norwich  t.,  Chenango 
co.,  N.  Y.,  102  w.  by  s.  Albany,  335  W. 
White's  Store,  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn 
White's  Store,  p-o.,  Anson  co.,  N.  C,  15a  a 
w.  Raleigh,  428  W. 

Whitestown,  p-t.,  semi-capital  of  Oneida  co^ 
N.  Y.,  96  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  392  W.  The  surface 
is  undulating  ;  soil,  calcareous  loam,  and  fertile- 


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Drained  by  Oriskany  and  Sadaquada  creeks, 
flowing  into  Mohawk  r.,  which  bounds  it  on  the 
N.  K.  YVhitesborough  v.,  situated  on  the  s.  side 
of  Mohawk  r.,  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  4 
churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Congregational,  1 
Baptist,  and  1  Methodist — 8  stores,  1  large  cot- 
ton fac.  3,000  sp.,  1  large  flouring  m.,  an  acade- 
my, 300  dwellings,  and  about  1,800  inhabitants. 
It  is  chiefly  on  one  street,  over  one  mile  long,  fine- 
ly shaded  with  trees,  with  gravelled  side  walks. 
It  contains  the  Oneida  Institute,  a  manual  labor 
institution,  which  has  a  president  and  several 
professors.  Incorporated  in  1829.  It  has  attach- 
ed to  it  a  farm  of  114  acres,  and  has  several  con- 
venient buildings.  There  are  in  the  t.  24  stores, 
cap.  $114,700;  10  fulling  m.,  5  woollen  fac,  2 
cotton  fac.  15,100  sp.,  2  tanneries,  1  paper  fac,  1 
printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper,  2  flouring 
m.,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $652,020.  2  acad.  284  students,  15  seh.  851 
scholars.     Pop.  5,156. 

Whitestown,  p-o.,  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  211  w.  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  253  W. 

Whitestown,  p-o.,  Ottawa  co.,  O.,  125  n. 
Columbus,  443  W. 

Whitestown,  p-v.,  Benton  co.,  Mo. 

White  Sulphur,  p-o.,  Scott  co.,  Ky. 

White  Sulphur  Springs,  p-v.,  Greenbrier 
co.,  Va.,  205  w.  by  n.  Richmond,  242  W.  This 
celebrated  mineral  spring  discharges  18  gallons  a 
minute,  at  a  uniform  temperature  of  60  degrees 
of  Fahrenheit.  It  contains  sulphate  of  lime,  sul- 
phate of  soda,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  chloride 
of  calcium,  sulpho-hydrate  of  sodium,  organic 
matter,  iodine,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  carbonate 
of  lime,  chloride  of  sodium,  per  oxide  of  iron, 
phosphate  of  lime,  precipitated  sulphur  ;  and  the 
gaseous  contents  are  carbonic  acid,  sulphuretted 
hydrogen,  oxygen,  and  nitrogen.  It  is  found  to 
be  highly  efficacious  in  dyspepsia,  liver  com- 
plaints, jaundice,  gout,  rheumatism,  diseases  of 
the  skin,  and  various  other  complaints.  The  ac- 
commodations are  elegant  and  extensive,  suffi- 
cient for  1,500  persons.  From  4,000  to  6,000  per- 
sons visit  it  annually,  and  the  water  is  extensively 
exported.  It  retains  its  most  valuable  properties 
when  removed  from  the  spring. 

White  Sulphur  Springs,  p-o.,  Meriwether 
co.,  Ga. 

Whitesville,  p-v.,  Independence  t.,  Alle- 
ghany co.,  N.  Y.,  265  w.  by  s.  Albany,  301  W. 
It  contains  1  Baptist  and  1  Methodist  church,  2 
stores,  1  woollen  fac,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1 
tannery,  40  dwellings,  and  about  300  inhabitants. 

Whitesville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Columbus  co., 
N.  C,  125  s.  by  w.  Raleigh,  413  W.  Situated 
on  the  e.  side  of  Beaver  Dam  cr.,  a  branch  of 
Waccamaw  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
and  about  75  dwellings. 

Whitesville,  p-v.,  Harris  co.,  Ga.,  148  w.  s. 
w.  Milledgeville,  766  W.  It  contains  a  Metho- 
dist church,  an  academy,  and  3  stores. 

Whitesville,  p-v.,  Duval  co.,  Flor.,  262  e. 
Tallahassee,  826  W.  Situated  on  s.  side  of 
Black  r.,  at  Gareys  ferry. 

Whitesville,  p-v.,  Wilkinson  co.,  Miss.,  136 
s.  w.  Jackson,  1,136  W. 

Whitesville,  p-v.,  Hardeman  co.,  Tenn.,  172 
w.  s.  w.  Nashville,  857  W.  Situated  on  a 
branch  of  Big  Hatchee  r.,  and  contains  about  75 
inhabitants. 

White  Top,  p-o.,  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn. 

Whitewater,  r.,  la.,  rises  in  Randolph  co., 
and  flows  s.  and  s.  e.  until  it  enters  the  Great 
Miami  r.,  in  the  s.  w.  part  of  Ohio,  20  ms 
below  Brookville.  Flat-boats  of  the  largest  size 
pass  down  this  r.,  in  the  time  of  spring  floods. 


Whitewater,  t.,  Hamilton  co.,  O.  Watered 
by  Whitewater  r.  It  has  8  sch.  344  scholars. 
Pop.  1,883. 

Whitewater,  p-o.,  Wayne  co.,  la.,  83  e. 
Indianapolis,  502  W. 

Whitewater,  p-o.,  Walworth  co.,  Wis.,  91  e. 
s.  e.  Madison,  824  W. 

Whitfield,  t.,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $8,200 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
1  tannery,  2  distilleries,  4  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,025.  1  sch.  119  scholars. 
Pop.  1,664. 

Whitford,  t,  Monroe  co.,  Mich.  It  has  3 
sch.  57  scholars.     Pop.  363. 

Whiting,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  169  E.  n. 
e.  Augusta,  755  W.  Machias  bay  lies  on  its  s. 
e.  border,  into  which  a  pond  near  its  centre  has 
its  outlet.  A  larger  pond  in  its  n.  part  flows 
into  Cobscook  bay.  Incorporated  in  1825.  It 
has  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  6  sch.  195  scholars. 
Pop.  463. 

Whiting,  p-t.,  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  69  s.  w.  Monf- 
pelier,  471  W.  Otter  Creek  r.  bounds  it.  on  the 
e.,  which  affords  water  power.  In  the  e.  part 
is  a  swamp  of  2  or  3,000  acres.  The  surface  is 
moderately  uneven ;  soil,  fertile,  adapted  to 
grain  and  to  grazing.  It  contains  a  Congregation- 
al and  a  Baptist  church.  Chartered  in  1763, 
first  settled  in  1773.  It  was  abandoned  during 
the  revolutionary  war,  but  resettled  at  its  close. 
It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $25,000 ;  1  saw  m.,  5  sch. 
142  scholars.     Pop.  659. 

Whitingham,  p-t.,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  141  s. 
by  w.  Montpelier,  422  W.  The  surface  is 
uneven ;  soil,  fertile.  Drained  by  Deerfield  r. 
and  its  branches.  Limestone  is  abundant.  It 
contains  a  valuable  mineral  spring.  First  set- 
tled in  1770.  It  contains  a  church,  and  has 
several  religious  denominations.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $20,200 ;  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  9  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $11,250.  13  sch.  480  scholars. 
Pop.  1,391. 

Whitinsville,  p-v.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
39  w.  Boston,  404  W. 

Whitley,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  s.  E. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  600  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Cumberland  r.,  which  flows  circuitously 
through  it,  and  by  its  branches.  Capital,  Wil- 
liamsburg. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
6,174,  sheep  5,059,  swine  15,991  ;  wheat  4,949 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  191,170,  oats  35,099, 
potatoes  9,459,  tobacco  8,297  pounds,  cotton 
14,725,  sugar  2,418;  10  stores,  cap.  $12,700;  8 
distilleries,  44  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.,  2  sch.  44  schol- 
ars. Pop.  whites  4,508,  slaves  146,  free  col'd 
19  ;  total,  4,673. 

Whitley,  county,  la.  Situated  toward  the 
n.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  324  sq.  ms. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Drained  by  Eel  r.  and  its 
branches,  which  afford  water  power.  Capital, 
Columbia.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
9,207,  sheep  407,  swine  3,067  ;  wheat  5,688  bush, 
produced,  Ind.  corn  27,135,  oats  3,074,  potatoes 
90,091,  sugar  22,595  pounds ;  2  stares,  cap. 
$1,300;  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$5,700.     1  sch.  39  scholars.    Pop.  1,237. 

Whitley,  C.  H.,  Whitley  co.,  Ky.,  125  s.  s. 
E.  Frankibrt,  543  W.  Situated  in  Williamsburg 
v.,  on  the  s.  side  of  Cumberland  r.,  and  contains 
a  court  house,  jail,  and  about  50  inhabitants. 

Whitley,  p-v.,  Whitley  co.,  la.,  120  n.  n.  e. 
Indianapolis,  535  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  w.  side 
of  Eel  r. 

Whitleysville,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Tenn.,  82 
E.  by  n.  Nashville,  640  W. 

Whitlocksville,  p-v.,  Bedford  t.,  Westches- 
ter co.,  N.  Y.,  125  s.  Albany,  268  W.    Situated 


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at  the  junction  of  Croton  and  (  ross  rivers,  and 
contains  1  church,  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  clothier's 
works,  and  about  20  dwellings. 

Whitneys  Point,  p-o.,  Triangle  t.,  Broome 
co.,  N.  Y.,  130  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  313  W. 

Whitneys  Valley,  p-v.,  Burns  t.,  Alleghany 
co.,  N.  Y.,  24S  w.  by  s.  Albany,  339  W.  It  con- 
tains 2  churches,  2  stores,  and  about  25  dwell- 
ings. 

Wkitpaine,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.  It  has 
3  stores,  cap.  $10,000  ;  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m., 

3  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,278. 

4  sch.  353  scholars.     Pop.  1,22 1. 
Whittington,  p-v.,  Hot  Springs  co.,  Ark.,  41 

w.  by  s.  Little  Rock,  1,106  W.  Situated  on  a 
branch  of  Saline  r. 

Whittle's  Mills,  p-o.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va., 
99  s.  w.  Richmond,  215  W. 

Wickford,  p-v.,  N.  Kingston  t.,  Washington 
co.,  R.  I.,  22  s.  Providence,  401  W.  Situated  on 
a  branch  of  Narraganset  bay,  on  its  w.  side, 
which  affords  a  good  harbor.  It  contains  3 
churches— 1  Baptist,  1  Episcopal,  and  1  Friends 
— an  academy,  a  bank,  a  town  house,  30  stores, 
and  about  100  dwellings.  It  has  considerable 
navigation  employed  in  the  coasting  and  West 
India  trade. 

Wicomico,  r.,  rises  in  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  and 

flows  s.  w.  into  Chesapeake  bay,  s.  of  Nanticoke  r 

Wicomico  Church, p-o.,  Northumberland  co., 

Va.,  99  e.  N.  E.  Richmond,  160  W. 

Wiconisco,  p-t.,  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  53  N.  Har- 
risburg,  163  W.  Wiconisco  cr.  enters  the  Sus 
quehanna  r.  on  the  w.  boundary  of  this  t.,  20  ms 
above  Harrisburg.     Pop.  489. 

Wideman's,  p-o.,  Abbeville  dist.,  S.  C,  87  w. 
Columbia,  54S  \V. 

Wiggins  Ferry,  p-o.,  St.  Clair  co.,  111.,  95  s. 
by  w.  Springfield,  806  W.  Situated  on  the 
Mississippi,  opposite  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  has  2 
steam  ferry-boats  crossing  to  St.  Louis,  1  store, 
and  several  dwellings. 

Wilbraham,  p-t.,  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  83 
Boston,  36-*  W.  The  surface  is  moderately 
uneven  ;  soil,  fertile,  adapted  to  grazing.  Chick- 
apee  r.  runs  on  its  n.  boundary.  The  Boston  and 
Springfield  railroad  passes  through  its  n.  part.  It 
contains  the  Wesleyan  Academy,  under  the  di- 
rection of  the  Methodists,  incorporated  in  1824. 
It  has  a  large  number  of  students,  and  is  flourish- 
ing. The  t.  has  2  villages,  in  each  of  which  is  a 
Congregational  and  a  Methodist  church.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1763.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$11,800;  3  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  8 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,190.  1  acad.  225 
students,  11  schools,  394  scholars.  Population, 
1,864. 

Wilcox,  county,  Ala.  Situated  s.  w.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,200  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Alabama  r.  and  its  branches.  Capi- 
tal, Barboursville.,  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  15,800,  sheep  3,630,  swine  38,000 ;  wheat 
2,450  bush,  produced,  rye  1,050,  Ind.  corn 
650,000,  oats  256,510,  potatoes  667,417,  rice 
28,825  pounds,  cotton  1,722,030 ;  21  stores,  cap. 
$96,950  ;  3  tanneries,  2  flouring  ra.,  16  grist  m., 
10  saw  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspa- 
per. Cap.  in  manufac.  $42,100.  5  acad.  205 
students,  14  sch.  425  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
5,960,  slaves  9,294,  free  cold  24 ;  total,  15,278. 

Wilcox.  C.  H.,  p-v.,  capital  of  Wilcox  co., 
Ala.,  97  8-  Tuscaloosa,  8^9  W.  Situated  in 
Barboursville  v.,  a  few  ms.  a.  of  Alabama  r^,  and 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and  about  275  in- 
habitants. 

Wilcoxville,  p-v.,  Schuyler  co.,  111.,  54  w. 
n.  w.  Springfield,  832  W. 


WlLDERNKM,  p-o.,  Spottsyh ;ini:i  co.,  Vu.,  77 
N.  N.  w.  Kiclunond,  71  W. 

WlLVOMQ'l  Mii.i.s,  p-v.,  Lincoln  CO.,  N.  C, 
173  w.  by  s.  Raleigh,  416  W.  It  contains  1 
store,  and  a  few  dwellings.  In  the  vicinity  much 
gold  is  found,  and  the  mines  are  wrought  to  ad- 
vantage. 

Wilkes,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  864  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Yadkin  r.  and  its  numerous  branches.  It 
is  surrounded  by  mountains,  having  the  Blue 
Ridge  on  its  n.  w.  border,  and  near  its  s.  w. 
boundary  in  Yancey  co.,  Black  int.,  in->r 
vated  than  any  other  peak  in  the  United  States 
e.  of  the  Rocky  mountains.  Its  surface  is  an 
elevated  mountain  valley.  Capital,  Wilkesboro.' 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  13,977,  sheep 
13,359,  swine  40,965;  wheat  30,263  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  16,685,  Ind.  corn  463,793,  oats  61,210, 
potatoes  30,220,  tobacco  24,567  pounds,  cotton 
12,468 ;  8  stores,  cap.  $33,600 ;  4  tanneries,  209 
distilleries,  2  potteries,  1  flouring  m.,  100  grist  m., 
36  saw  m.,  1  oil  ra.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $40,010.  1 
acad.  30  students,  1  sch.  20  scholars.  Pop.  whites 
10,976,  slaves  1,430,  free  col'd  171 ;  total,  12,577. 
Wilkes,  county,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  e.,  to- 
ward the  n.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  550  sq. 
ms.  Broad  r.  bounds  it  on  the  n.  and  Little  r.  on 
the  s.  Drained  by  Fishing  cr.  and  its  branches, 
which  flows  into  Savannah  r.  Capital,  Wash- 
ington. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,391t 
sheep  4,481,  swine  15,939 ;  wheat  33,906  bush, 
produced,  Ind.  corn  288,259,  oats  64,180,  potatoes 
6,394,  cotton  2,3 15,087  pounds ;  9  stores,  capital 
$73,500  ;  1  distillery,  2  flouring  ra.,  15  grist  m.,  4 
saw  m.,  2  printing  offices,  1  periodical,  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $24,230.  1  col- 
lege, 116  students,  2  acad.  86  students,  14  sch. 
300  scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,630,  slaves  6,50  L 
free  col'd  17  ;  total,  10,148. 

Wilkesbarre,  p-t.,  capital  of  Luzerne  co., 
Pa.,  127  n.  e.  Harrisburg,  231  W.  Wyoming  mt. 
crosses  it  in  the  centre.     Bounded  n.  w.  by  Sus- 

Siuehanna  r.,  between  which  and  the  mt.  the  sur- 
ace  is  level,  and  the  soil  a  fertile  alluvion :  s.  E. 
of  the  mt.  the  country  is  hilly,  and  mostly  sterile. 
It  is  in  the  midst  of  the  anthracite  coal  region. 
Watered  by  Mill  and  Solomon's  creeks,  and 
Laurel  run,  which  flow  into  the  Susquehanna, 
and  Bear  cr.  and  its  tributaries,  which  flow  into 
the  Lehigh.  Wilkesbarre  b.  lies  on  the  E.  side  of 
Susquehanna  r.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail, 
and  county  offices,  situated  on  a  square  inter- 
sected by  the  4  principal  streets,  which  enter  the 
square  at  its  corners,  but  in  other  respects  regu- 
larly laid  out,  an  academy,  a  seminary  for  young 
ladies,  2  churches — 1  Episcopal  and  1  Methodist 
—a  bank;  22  stores,  cap.  $1 19,100;  1  lumber 
yard,  cap.  $1,000;  2  furnaces,  2  tanneries,  1 
brewery,  1  pottery,  2  printing  offices,  1  weekly 
newspaper,  1  flouring  ra.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$53,300.  2  acad.  65  students,  7  sch.  330  scholars. 
Pop.  1,718.  It  was  laid  out  in  1773,  under  the 
Susquehanna  Land  Company  of  Connecticut,  and 
named  in  honor  of  Wilkes  and  Barre,  two  dis- 
tinguished friends  of  the  American  cause  in  the 
British  Parliament.  It  is  in  the  beautiful  valley 
of  Wyoming,  on  a  plain  elevated  18  or  20  feet 
above  the  ordinary  level  of  the  Susquehanna  r. 
It  was  burned  by  the  British  and  Indians  during 
the  revolutionary  war.  There  are  in  the  t,  ex- 
clusive of  the  borough,  1  store,  cap.  $2,000 ;  1 
tannery,  1  distillery,  3  flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $3,950.  1  acad.  15  students,  6  sch. 
280  scholars.     Pop.  1,513. 

Wilkesboro  ugh,  p-v.,  capital  of  Wdkea  co., 
N.  C,  172  w.  n.  w.  Raleigh,  379  W.    Situated 


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on  the  s.  side  of  Yadkin  r.,  and  contains  a  couri 
house,  jail,  and  150  inhabitants. 

Wilkesborough,  p-v.,  McLean  co.,  111.,  74  n. 
E.  Springfield,  754  W. 

Wilkesville,  p-t.,  Gallia  co.,  O.,  84  s.  s.  e. 
Columbus,  359  W.  Organized  in  1810.  Drained 
by  Racoon  cr.,  which  affords  water  power.  It 
has  4  stores,  cap.  $3,500  ;  1  tannery,  2  grist  ra.,  3 
saw  m.     Cap.  in  manuf'ac.  $4,505.     Pop.  738. 

Wilkins,  p-t,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  10  e.  Pitts- 
burgh, 195  w.  by  n.  Harrisburg,  221  W.  The 
surface  is  hilly  and  undulating ;  soil,  loam  and 
alluvion.  Plum  cr.  runs  on  its  N.  E.,  and  Thomp- 
son's run  on  its  s.  e.  boundary.  It  has  1  sch.  25 
scholars.     Pop.  2,163. 

Wilkins,  p-o.,  Union  co.,  O. 

Wilkinsburg,  p-v.,  Wilkins  t,  Alleghany  co., 
Pa.,  192  w.  by  n.  Harrisburg,  218  W.  Situated 
in  the  forks  of  Nine  Mile  run,  and  contains  3 
stores,  and  about  60  dwellings. 

Wilkinson,  county,  Ga.  Situated  a  little  s. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  430  sq. 
ms.  Drained  by  Commissioner's  and  Big  Sandy 
creeks,  branches  of  Oconee  r.  Capital,  Irwinton. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,881,  sheep 
1,859,  swine  16,047;  wheat  12,767  bush,  pro- 
duced, Ind.  corn  140,642,  oats  5,117,  potatoes 
10,828,  rice  1,720  pounds,  cotton  1,809,612;  12 
stores,  cap.  $38,775  ;  4  distilleries,  16  grist  m.,  10 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $27,800.  4  acad.  159 
students,  10  sch.  153  scholars.  Pop.  whites  4,957, 
slaves  1,866,  free  col'd  19  ;  total,  6,842. 

Wilkinson,  county,  Miss.  Situated  in  the  s. 
w.  corner  of  the  state,  and  contains  580  sq.  ms. 
Mississippi  r.  bounds  it  on  the  w.,  Homochitto  r. 
bounds  it  on  the  n.  and  n.  w.  Drained  by  Buf- 
falo cr.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  broken :  soil, 
very  fertile,  producing  cotton.  Capital,  Wood- 
ville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  2,219, 
sheep  9,729,  swine  26,528;  Ind.  corn  473,693 
bush,  produced,  oats  19,635,  potatoes  99,565,  rice 
4,555  pounds,  cotton  15,250,907  ;  32  stores,  cap. 
$174,250;  3  tanneries,  9  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.,  1 
printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $42,800.  6  acad.  264  students,  5  sch. 
87  scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,269,  slaves  10,894, 
free  col'd  30;  total,  14,193. 

Wilkinson's  Shop,  p-o.,  Chesterfield  co.,  Va., 
39  s.  s.  w.  Richmond,  156  W. 

Wilkinsonville,  p-v.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
39  w.  Boston,  404  W. 

Wilkinsonville,  p-v.,  Chesterfield  co.,  Va., 
32  s.  s.  w.  Richmond,  149  W. 

Wilkinsville,  p-v.,  Union  dist.,  S.  C,  98  n. 
w.  Columbia,  447  W. 

Wilkinsville,  v.,  Clarke  co.,  Ga.  It  contains 
an  academy,  4  stores,  and  25  dwellings. 

Will,  county,  111.  Situated  toward  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  504  square  miles. 
Drained  by  Kankakee  r,  and  its  branches.  Des- 
plaines  r.  bounds  it  on  the  n.  w.  Capital,  Juliet. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  9,278,  sheep 
2,534,  swine  15,690;  wheat  110,464  bush,  pro- 
duced, Ind.  corn  173,383,  buckwheat  1,561,  bar- 
ley 5,729,  oats  271,587,  potatoes  112,482,  sugar 
8,100  pounds ;  41  stores,  cap.  $142,693 ;  1  tan- 
nery, 1  distillery,  2  flouring  m.,  5  grist  m.,  14  saw 
m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $96,234.  3  acad.  68  students,  35 
sch.  1,082  scholars.    Pop.  10,167. 

Willet,  p-t.,  Cortland  co.,  N.  Y.,  18  s.  e. 
Cortland,  134  w.  Albany,  321  W.  The  surface 
is  hilly  ;  soil,  clay  loam.  Drained  by  Ostelic  r. 
It  has  1  store,  cap.  $6,000  ;  1  grist  m.,  6  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,775.  7  sch.  256  scholars. 
Pop.  872. 

Williams,  r.,  Vt.f  is  formed  by  the  union  of  3 


branches  in  Chester,  and  flows  into  Connecticut 
r.,  in  Rockingham,  3  ms.  above  Bellows  Falls. 

Williams,  county,  O.  Situated  in  the  n.  w. 
corner  of  the  state,  and  contains  600  sq.  ms.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  Watered  by  Maumee,  Tiffin, 
Auglaize,  and  Little  St.  Joseph  rivers,  some  of 
which  afford  water  power.  It  has  a  mineral 
spring,  half  a  mile  e.  of  Defiance,  the  odor  of 
which  can  be  perceived  at  the  distance  of  a  quar- 
ter of  a  mile,  possesses  valuable  properties,  and 
is  much  frequented.  The  Wabash  and  Erie  ca- 
nal passes  through  its  s.  e.  corner.  Capital,  De- 
fiance. There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  3,662, 
sheep  1,062,  swine  8,225 ;  wheat  29,263  bush, 
produced,  rye  899,  Ind.  corn  82,403,  buckwheat 
1,454,  oats  24,805,  potatoes  35,156,  sugar  27,567  , 
17  stores,  cap.  $37,350 ;  1  tannery,  3  printing  of- 
fices, 3  weekly  newspapers,  10  grist  m.,  13  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $43,850.  24  sch.  570  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  4,465. 

Williams,  t.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa.  It  has  4 
stores,  cap.  $5,200  ;  8  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  rn.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $4,700.     1  sch.  65  scholars.    Pop.  1,937. 

Williams,  p-o.,  Christian  co.,  Ky.,  215  w.  s. 
w.  Frankfort,  749  W. 

Williams,  t.,  Benton  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  329. 

Williamsboroijgh,  p-v.,  Granville  co.,  N.  C, 
48  n.  Raleigh,  241  W.  It  contains  100  inhabit- 
ants. 

Williamsburg,  dist.,  S.  C.  Situated  toward 
the  e.  part  of  the  slate,  and  contains  1,200  sq.  ms. 
Lynches  cr.  runs  on  its  n.  e.  border,  and  Santee 
r.  on  the  s.  e.  Drained  by  Black  r.  and  Cedar 
cr.  and  their  branches.  Capital,  Kingstree. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  17,632,  sheep 
3.183,  swine  29,035  ;  wheat  4,460  bush,  produced, 
Ind.  corn  200,312,  oats  5,224,  popatoes  60,849,  rice 
95,500  pounds,  cotton  515,033 ;  7  stores,  cap. 
$38,500 ;  9  flouring  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $19,983.  4  acad.  70  students,  12  sch.  161 
scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,327,  slaves  6,968,  free 
col'd  32  ;  total,  10,327. 

Williamsburg,  p-t.,  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.,  40 
n.  Bangor,  102  n.  n.  e.  Augusta,  699  W.  Drained 
by  Pleasant  r.  and  its  branches,  which  flow  into 
Penobscot  r.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  soil, 
fertile.  It  contains  on  its  w.  border  an  inex- 
haustible quarry  of  slate  for  roofing.  It  has  2 
sch.  60  scholars.     Pop.  131. 

Williamsburg,  p-t.,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  8 
N.  w.  Northampton,  100  w.  Boston,  388  W.  The 
surface  is  uneven  and  elevated;  soil,  fertile. 
Drained  by  Mill  r.,  which  affords  water  power. 
The  v.  is  situated  on  both  sides  of  Mill  r.,  and 
contains  3  churches — 2  Congregational  and  1 
Methodist — and  several  manufactories.  There 
are  in  the  t.  4  stores,  cap.  $9,600;  2  fulling  m.,  2 
woollen  fac,  1  furnace,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  7 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $19,170.  1  acad.  9 
sch.  442  scholars.     Pop.  1,309. 

Williamsburg,  p-t.,  Kings  co.,  N.  Y.,  147  s. 
Albany,  227  W.  Situated  n.  e.  of  Brooklyn  ; 
bounded  by  East  r.  on  the  w.  The  surface  is 
level ;  soil,  moderately  fertile.  The  v.  is  situa- 
ted opposite  the  n.  e.  part  of  the  city  of  New 
York,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  3  steam  fer- 
ries. Incorporated  in  1827,  and  contains  a  village 
hall,  including  a  jail,  7  churches — 1  Presbyterian, 

1  Dutch  Reformed,  1  Episcopal,  2  Methodist,  and 

2  Roman  Catholic — 1  fire  insurance  co.,  20  stores 
and  groceries,  5  distilleries,  ]  brewery,  1  tannery, 
1  spice  fac,  3  ship  yards,  4  lumber  yards,  5  rope 
walks,  1  glue  fac,  1  iron  foundry,  and  5,094  in- 
habitants. It  is  closely  allied  to  New  York, 
where  many  of  its  inhabitants  do  business.  It 
has  many  handsome  dwellings.    There  are  in 


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the  t.  33  stores,  cap.  $95,000;  4  distilleries.  -J 
printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $343,000. 

Williamsburg,  p-b.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  110 
w.  Harrisburg,  158  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side 
of  Juniata  r.,  and  contains  5  churches,  8  stores, 
cap.  §30,500  i  1  woollen  fac,  2  tanneries,  1  dis- 
tillery, 1  pottery,  1  Booting  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $22,375.  2  neb.  HO  scholars.  Pop. 
637.  Incorporated  in  1828.  The  Pennsylvania 
canal  runs  by  the  v. 

Williamsburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  James  City  co., 
Va.,  5S  k.  s.  k.  Richmond,  175  W.  Situated  on 
elevated  ground  between  James  and  York  rivers. 
First  settled  in  1(>32,  and  was  formerly  the  seat 
of  the  colonial  government.  It  is  regularly  laid 
out  with  streets  intersecting  each  other  at  right 
angles,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and 
county  offices  on  a  public  square,  3  churches — 1 
Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist — a  lunatic 
asylum,  200  dwellings,  and  about  1,600  inhabit- 
ants. It  bears  some  marks  of  decay.  It  is  the 
seat  of  William  and  Mary  college,  founded  in 
1693,  and  contains  a  president  and  4  professors 
or  other  instructors,  110  students,  and  5,000  vols, 
in  its  libraries.  The  commencement  is  on  the 
4th  of  July. 

Williamsburg,  p-v.,  Iredell  co.,  N.  C,  157 
w.  Raleigh,  368  W.    It  contains  40  inhabitants. 

Williamsburg,  p-v.,  capital  of  Covington  co., 
Miss.,  82  s.  E.  Jackson,  1,032  W.  Situated  be- 
tween head  branches  of  Leaf  r.,  and  contains 
about  75  inhabitants. 

Williamsburg,  p-v.,  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  89  E.  N. 
E.  Frankfort,  463  W.  Situated  a  little  s.  of  the 
Ohio  r.,  and  contains  about  75  inhabitants. 

Williamsburg,  p-t.,  Clermont  co.,  O.,  28  e. 
Cincinnati,  105  s.  w.  Columbus,  472  W.  It  con- 
tains Williamsburg  v.,  formerly  the  capital  of  the 
co.,  situated  on  the  e.  branch  of  Little  Miami  r.,  14 
ms.  from  Ohio  r.,  and  has  several  stores,  65  dwell- 
ings, and  about  400  inhabitants.  The  t.  has  6  stores, 
cap.  $5,600 ;  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $3,500.    3  sch.  85  scholars.    Pop.  1,450. 

Williamsburg,  p-v.,  Wayne  co.,  la.,  73  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 512  W.  Situated  on  a  branch  of 
Whitewater  r.,and  contains  about  100  inhabitants. 

Williamsburg,  p-v.,  Callaway  co.,  Mo.,  37  n. 
n.  e.  Jefferson  City,  902  W.  It  contains  about 
75  inhabitants. 

Williams  Centre,  p-v.,  Williams  co.,  O.,  171 
N.  w.  Columbus,  523  W. 

Williams  College  Grant,  t.,  Aroostook  co., 
Me.    Pop.  85. 

Williams  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Sumter  co.,  Ala., 
99  s.  w.  Tuscaloosa,  917  W. 

Williamsfikld,  p-t.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.,  20  s. 
E.  Jefferson,  200  n.  e.  Columbus,  316  W.  Or- 
ganized in  1826  from  Wayne  t.  It  has  6  sch.  268 
scholars.     Pop.  892. 

Williams  Ferry,  p-o.,  White  co.,  111.,  189  s. 
E.  Springfield,  749  W. 

Williams  Mill,  p-o.,  Smith  co.,  Tenn.,  65 
e.  Nashville,  664  W. 

Williamson,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  a  little 
E.  of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  476  sq. 
ms.  Drained  by  Harpeth  r.  and  its  branches,  a 
tributary  of  Tennessee  r.  Capital,  Franklin. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  23,417,  sheep 
32,123,  swine  96,910;  wheat  145,062  bush,  pro- 
duced, rye  22,071,  Ind.  corn  912,035,  barley  1.825, 
oats  184,896,  potatoes  30,320,  tobacco  1,126,932 
lbs.,  cotton  1,218,176;  25  stores,  cap.  $122,500;  1 
furnace,  2  forges,  1  cotton  fac.  1,052  sp.,  9  tanner- 
ies, 9  distilleries,  23  grbt  m.,  11  saw  m.,  1  printing 
office,  1  weekiy  newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$148  156.  4  acad.  143  students,  35  sch.  870  scho- 
92 


lars.  Pop.  whites  15,6 11,  ihtt  •■  1 1,251,  free  col'd 
114;  total,  27,0,)6. 

Williamson,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  b. 
part  of  the  stale,  and  contains  498  M.  DM.  Drain- 
ed by  Muddy  cr.,  which  flows  into  Mississippi  r., 
and  by  Saline  cr.,  flowing  into  Ohio  r.  Capital, 
Bainbridge.  There  were  m  1840,  neat  cattle 
4,736,  sheep  3,198,  swine  13,902;  wheat  11,032 
hush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  172,«90.  oats  29,370, 
potatoes  3,881,  tobacco  115,419  pounds,  cotton 
45,423;  7  stores,  cap.  $17,575;  2  tanneries,  2  dis- 
tilleries, 7  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  2  printing  offices, 
2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,075. 
10  sch.  365  scholars.     Pop.  4,457. 

Williamson,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  N.  Y.,  200  w. 
by  n.  Albany,  364  W.  The  surface  is  generally 
level ;  soil,  fertile.  Drained  by  small  streams 
flowing  into  Like  Ontario,  which  bounds  it  on 
the  n.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  Ridge  road,  and 
contains  1  church,  2  stores,  25  dwellings,  and 
about  150  inhabitants.  In  the  vicinity  are  1  flour- 
ing m.  and  1  saw  m.,  on  Fish  cr.  There  are  in 
the  t.  4  stores,  cap.  $27,500 ;  2  tanneries,  1  grist 
m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,170.  11  sch. 
375  scholars.    Pop.  2,147. 

Williamsport,  p-b.,  capital  of  Lycoming  co., 
Pa.,  160  n.  w.  Philadelphia,  93  n.  Harrisburg,  203 
W.  Situated  on  the  n.  bank  of  w.  branch  of  Sus- 
quehanna r.,  and  contains  a  court  house  and 
county  offices  of  brick,  a  jail,  1  German  Lutheran, 

1  Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist  church ;  15  stores, 
cap.  $54,000;  3  tanneries,  2  printing  offices,  2 
weekly  newspapers.     Cap.  in  manufac.  $38,800. 

2  acad.  34  students,  3  sen.  150  scholars.  Pop. 
1,353.  The  Pennsylvania  canal  passes  through 
the  place.  The  Williamsport  and  Elmira  rail- 
road connects  the  2  places. 

Williamsport,  p-v.,  Washington  co.,  Md., 
107  n.  w.  Annapolis,  80  W.  Situated  on  the  E. 
side  of  Potomac  r.,  at  the  mouth  of  Conecocheague 
cr.  The  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  canal  passes 
through  it.  The  Franklin  railroad  from  Cham- 
|  bersburg  terminates  here.  It  contains  about  500 
j  inhabitants. 

Williamsport,  p-v.,  Hardy  co.,  Va.,  180  if. 
w.  Richmond,  142  W. 

Williamsport,  p-v.,  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  45  8. 
s.  w.  Nashville,  722  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side 
of  Duck  r.,  and  contains  about  110  inhabitants. 

Williamsport,  p-v.,  Duck  Creek  t.,  Picka- 
|  way  co.,  O.,  35  s.  Columbus,  405  W. 

Williamsport,  v.,  Madison  t.,  Columbiana 
co.,  O.    Pop.  84. 

Williamsport,  p-v.,  capital  of  Warren  co., 
;  la.,  78  w.  N.  w.  Indianapolis,  645  W.  Situated 
Ion  the  w.  bank  of  Wabash  r.  It  has  a  good 
!  landing  for  boats,  and  contains  several  stores  and 
about  350  inhabitants.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  fer- 
tile country. 

Williams  Store,  p-o.,  Hardeman  co.,  Tenn., 
177  w.  s.  w.  Nashville,  862  W. 

Williamston,  p-v.,  Barbour  co.,  Ala.,  186  s. 
E.  Tuscaloosa,  834  W.  Situated  12  ms.  w.  of  the 
Chattahoochee  r.,  and  contains  about  75  inhabit- 
ants. 

Williamstown,  p-t.,  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  11  s.  K. 
Montpelier,  510  W.  It  occupies  the  height  of 
land  between  Winooski  or  Onion  and  White 
rivers,  a  brook  here  dividing,  and  a  part  of  its 
waters  flowing  to  each.  The  surface  is  uneven  ; 
soil,  well  adapted  to  erasing.  The  Gulf  road  is 
a  deep  ravine,  through  which  the  turnpike  from 
I  Royalton  to  Montpelier  passes,  has  lofty  hills 
!  which  rise  on  each  side  ot  the  road,  and  con«ti- 
tui.s  a  remarkable  passage  through  this  rnoun- 
jtainous  region,  ('bartered  in  1781,  first  settled 
in  1784.    It  contains  5  churches— 1  Congrega- 


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tional,  1  Baptist,  1  Freewill  Baptist,  1  Methodist, 
and  1  Universalist.     It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $18,400 ; 

1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  6  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $16,385.  17  sch.  562  scholars. 
Pop.  1,620. 

Williamstown,  p-t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  20 
N.  Pittsfield,  131  w.  by  n.  Boston,  393  W.  The 
surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  clay,  loam,  and  gravel, 
well  adapted  to  grazing.  Watered  by  Hoosic  and 
Green  rivers,  which  afford  water  power.  The  v. 
is  situated  on  uneven  ground,  the  main  street 
passing  over  several  ridges.  It  contains  a  Con- 
gregational church,  several  stores,  an  academy, 
and  about  50  dwellings,  some  of  them  neat  and 
handsome.  It  is  the  seat  of  Williams  College, 
founded  in  1793,  which  has  a  president  and  7  pro- 
fessors or  other  instructors,  933  alumni,  of  whom 
331  have  been  ministers  of  the  gospel,  155  stu- 
dents, and  7,500  vols,  in  its  libraries.  The  com- 
mencement is  on  the  3d  Wednesday  in  August. 
The  t.  contains  a  Baptist  church,  and  in  the  s. 
part  a  church  common  to  Baptists  and  Congrega- 
tionalists.  There  are  in  the  t.  7  stores,  capital 
$24,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  cotton  fac.  1,788  sp.,  2 
tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$49,700.  1  college  1,300  students,  1  acad.  25  stu- 
dents, 13  sch.  340  scholars.    Pop.  2,153. 

Williamstown,  p-t.,  Oswego  CO.,  N.  Y.,  28  E. 
Oswego,  139  w.  n.  w.  Albany,  388  W.  The 
surface  is  level ;  soil,  moist  sandy  loam,  well 
adapted  to  grass.  Drained  by  a  branch  of  Fish 
cr.  and  by  Salmon  cr.     The  v.  contains  1  church, 

2  stores,  and  in  the  vicinity,  1  flouring  m.  and  1 
saw  m.,  on  Fish  cr.  There  are  in  the  t.  5  stores, 
cap.  $16,925 ;  1  fulling  m.,  8  sch.  233  scholars. 
Pop.  842. 

Williamstown,  p-v.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  49 
E.  s.  E.  Harrisburg,  119  W. 

Williamstown,  p-v.,  capital  of  Martin  co.,  N. 
C,  140  e.  Raleigh,  264  W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Roanoke  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  and  about  250  inhabitants. 

Williamstown,  p-v.,  capital  of  Grant  co.,  Ky ., 
49  n.  n.  E.  Frankfort,  529  W.  Situated  on  the  e. 
side  of  Eagle  cr.,  a  branch  of  Kentucky  r.,  and 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and  a  number  of 
dwellings. 

Williamstown,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  O.    Pop.  28. 

Wtilliamstown,  p-v.,  Decatur  co.,  la.,  55  s. 
E.  Indianapolis,  558  W. 

Williamsville,  p-v.,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  119 
s.  Montpelier,  438  W. 

Williamsville,  p-v.,  Amherst  t.,  Erie  co., 
N.  Y.,  278  w.  Albany,  391  W.  Situated  on  El- 
licott's  cr.,  and  contains  2  churches,  8  stores,  2 
flouring  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  tannery,  1  clotliier's 
works,  1  furnace,  1  water-lime  m. :  40  or  50,000 
bushels  of  water  lime  are  produced  in  the  vicinity. 

Willliamsville,  p-o.,  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  181 
N.  w.  Harrisburg,  273  W. 

Williamsville,  p-v.,  Kent  co.,  Del.,  22  s.  s. 
W.Dover,  126  W. 

Williamsville,  p-o.,  Bath  co.,  Va. 

Williamsville,  p-o.,  Delaware  co.,  O.,  15  n. 
Columbus,  408  W. 

Williamsville,  p-v.,  Person  co.,  N.C.,  61  n. 
n.  w.  Raleigh,  257  W. 

Willimanset,  p-v.,  Springfield  t.,  Hampden 
co.,  Mass.,  94  w.  Boston,  371  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  Connecticut  r. 

Willimantic,  r.,  Tolland  co.,  Ct.,  rises  in 
Stafford,  and  flowing  s.  unites  with  Natchaug  r. 
to  form  Shetucket  r. 

Willimantic,  p-v.,  Windham  t.,  Windham 
CO.,  Ct.,  28  e.  Hartford,  364  W.  Situated  on  the 
N.  side  of  Willimantic  r.  It  is  built  on  1  street, 
1  mile  long,  and  contains  3  churches'—  1  Congre- 


gational, 1  Baptist,  and  1  Methodist — 6  cotton 
fac,  a  satinet  fac,  and  a  paper  m. 

Willinborough,  t.,  Burlington  co.,  N.  J.,  7 
N.  w.  Mount  Holly.  The  surfiace  is  generally 
level ;  soil,  sandy  loam,  and  well  cultivated. 
Delaware  r.  bounds  it  on  the  n.  w.,  over  which 
is  Dunks'  ferry,  4  miles  below  Burlington.  It 
j  contains  Cooperstown  v.  It  has  4  stores,  cap. 
$11,400;  1  lumber  yard,  cap.  $3,000.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $3,100.  2  sch.  73  scholars.  Pop. 
900. 

Willington,  t.,  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.  It  has  2 
grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  9  sch.  353  scholars.  Pop. 
722. 

Willington,  p-t.,  Tolland  co.,  Ct.,  28  w. 
Hartford,  264  W.  Willimantic  r.  bounds  it  on 
the  w.,  by  branches  of  which  it  is  drained,  and 
which  afford  water  power.  The  surface  is  un- 
even and  rough.  Iron  ore  is  found.  The  v. 
contains  1  Congregational  and  1  Baptist  church. 
There  are  in  the  t.  3  stores,  cap.  $9,500 ;  1  tan- 
nery, 2  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$18,067.  10  schools,  437  scholars.  Population 
1,268. 

Willington,  p-v.,  Abbeville  dist.,  S.  C,  100 
w.  Columbia,  448  W.  It  contains  about  50  in- 
habitants. 

Willink,  p-o.,  Aurora  t.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y.,  278 
w.  Albany,  363  W. 

Williston,  p-t.,  Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  32  n.  n. 
w.  Montpelier,  518  W.  The  surface  is  moderate- 
ly uneven  ;  soil,  a  fertile  loam.  Onion  or  Wi- 
nooski  river  runs  on  its  n.  boundary.  Drained 
by  small  streams.  Chartered  in  1763.  First 
settled  in  1774.  Thomas  Chittenden,  one  of  the 
fathers,  and  for  many  years  the  governor  of  Vt., 
died  here  in  1797.  The  v.  contains  a  handsome 
Congregational  church,  of  brick,  a  town  house, 
an  academy,  and  a  number  of  dwellings.  It  is 
a  fine  agricultural  t.  There  are  in  the  t.  4 
stores,  cap.  $17,000 ;  2  tanneries,  6  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $10,550.  10  sch.  359  scholars.  Pop. 
1,554. 

Williston,  p-v.,  Barnwell  dist.,  S.  C,  98  s. 
s.  w.  Columbia,  603  W. 

Williston,  p-v.,  Callaway  co.,  Ky.,  265  w.  s 
w.  Frankfort,  792  W. 

Willistown,  t.,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  20  n.  w. 
Philadelphia.  The  surface  is  a  gentle  declivity ; 
soil,  gravelly.  Drained  by  Ridley  and  Crum 
creeks.  It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $15,000 ;  2  lumber 
yards,  cap.  $3,000 ;  1  tannery,  1  flouring  m.,  1 
grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,500.  5 
sch.  206  scholars.     Pop.  1,460. 

Willoughby,  p-t.,  Lake  co.,  O.,  164  N.  n.  e. 
Columbus,  358  W.  It  was  formerly  called 
Chagrin.  The  soil  is  fertile  and  well  cultivated. 
The  v.  contains  2  churches,  9  stores,  1  flouring 
m.,  2  tanneries,  various  mechanics,  and  the  Wil- 
loughby University.  The  medical  department 
only  has  been  put  in  operation,  and  is  flourish- 
ing. It  was  founded  in  1834,  and  has  five  profes- 
sors and  27  students.  The  lectures  commence 
on  the  last  Monday  of  October,  annually.  Ithaa 
1  college,  40  students,  13  sch.  800  scholars. 
Pop.  1,943. 

Willow  Fork,  t.,  Morgan  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1 
acad.  30  students,  1  sch.  22  scholars.     Pop.  1,146. 

Willow  Grove,  p-o.,  Sussex  co.,  N.  J.,  21  n. 
Trenton,  260  W. 

Willow  Grove,  p-o.,  Kent  co.,  Del. 

Willow  Grove,  p-v.,  Moreland  t.,  Montgo- 
mery co.,  Pa.,  13  n.  Philadelphia,  111  E.  Harris- 
burg, 151  W.  Situated  in  a  pleasant  valley,  and 
contains  3  stores,  15  dwellings,  chiefly  of  stone, 
and  is  much  resorted  to  from  Philadelphia  as  a 
summer  residence. 


WIL 


731 


WTL 


Willow  GrovB,  p-o.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.  ('..  17i> 
W.  by  8.  Raleigh,  409  W. 

Willow  Grove,  p-o.,  Sumpter  disk,  S.  C,  85 
K.  Columbia,  477  W. 

Willow  Grove,  p-o.,  Coweta  co.,  Ga. 

Willow  Grove,  p-o.,  Livingston  co.,  Ky., 
217  w.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  774  W. 

Willow  Grove,  p-o.,  Sumner  co.,  Tenn.,  39 
n.  e.  Nashville,  678  W. 

Willow  Springs,  p-o.,  Claiborne  co..  Miss., 
10  k.  Grand  Gulf,  53  s.  w.  Jackson,  1,063  W. 

Willow  Springs,  p-o.,  Iowa  co.,  Wis.,  62  w. 
s.  w.  Madison,  874  W.  Situated  a  little  E.  of 
the  w.  branch  of  Peckatonokee  r. 

Willow  Street,  p-o.,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  42 
E.  s.  E.  Harrisburg,  107  W. 

Willsborough,  p-t.,  Essex  CO.,  N.  Y.,  15  N. 
e.  Elizabeth,  145  n.  Albany,  516  W.  The  sur- 
face is  chiefly  level  on  the  E.,  hilly  on  the  w ; 
soil,  fertile  clay  loam.  Drained  by  Boquet  r., 
and  other  streams  flowing  into  Lake  Champlain, ! 
which  bounds  it  on  the  E.  The  v.  is  situated  on 
Boquet  r.,  and  contains  1  Presbyterian  church, 
3  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  forge,  1  cupola  furnace,  1 
saw  m.,  1  plaster  m.,  1  tannery,  60  dwellings,  and 
about  450  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  4 
stores,  cap.  $7,200;  1  fulling  m.,  1  furnace,  4 
forges,  1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manuf.  $18,650.  11  sch.  424  scholars.    Pop.  1,658. 

Wills,  t.,  Guernsey  co.,  O.  It.  contains  the  v. 
of  Elizabethtown.  It  has  1  college,  3  sch.  125 
scholars.     Pop.  1,916. 

Wills'  Creek,  p-o.,  Coshocton  co.,  O.,  74  n. 
e  Columbus,  347  W.  The  creek  from  which  it 
is  named  enters  Tuscarawas  r.,  40  miles  above 
Marietta. 

Willseyville,  p-o.,  Candor  t.,  Tioga  co.,  N. 
Y.,  176  w.  s.  w.  Albany,  290  W. 

Willshire,  p-t.,  Van  Wert  co.,  O.,  133  w.  n. 
w.  Columbus,  513  W.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wa- 
tered by  St.  Mary's  r.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$2,400 ;  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$12,100.     Pop.  434. 

Wilmurt,  t.,  Herkimer  co.,  N.  Y.,  35  n.  Her- 
kimer, 100  n.  n.  w.  Albany.  It  is  the  largest  t.  in 
the  state,  being  40  miles  long  and  15  wide.  It 
abounds  with  lakes  and  streams,  and  is  mostly  a 
wilderness.     Pop.  60. 

Wilmington,  p-t.,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  17  e. 
Bennington,  124  s.  by  w.  Montpelier,  429  W. 
The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to  grazing  and  to  grain. 
The  E.  and  w.  branches  of  Deerfleld  r.  unite 
here,  and  afford  water  power.  The  outlet  of 
Ray's  pond  affords  a  mill  seat.  Chartered  in 
1763.  It  contains  a  Congregational  and  a  Bap- 
tist church,  and  some  Methodists  and  Universal- 
ists.     It  has  4  stores,  cap.  $14,500;  1  fulling  m., 

1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$7,400.     13  sch  426  scholars.     Pop.  1,296. 

Wilmington,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  16  N. 
N.  w.  Boston,  454  W.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil, 
light  and  sandy.  Drained  by  branches  of  Pea- 
body's  r.,  which  flows  into  Ipswich  river.  The 
Boston  and  Lowell  railroad  and  the  Middlesex 
canal  pass  through  it.  Hops  are  largely  pro- 
duced and  exported.    Chartered  in  1730.     It  has 

2  stores,  cap.  $3,300 :  2  forges,  1  grist  ra.,  5  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $20,425.  4  sch.  40  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  859. 

Wilmington,  p-t.,  Essex  co.,  N.  Y.,  153  n.  Al- 
bany 528  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous ; 
soil  fertile  in  the  valleys.  Drained  by  the  w. 
branch  of  Ausable  r.,  and  Saranac  river  passes 
through  its  n.  w.  corner.  It  contains  inexhausti- 
ble beds  of  excellent  iron  ore.  The  v.  contains  1 
church,  2  stores,  1  forge,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and 
about  20  dwellings.    There  are  in  the  t.  1  store, 


ciip.  $3,000;  9  forget,  I  grial  m.,  5  la*  m    (  up.  in 

manufac.  $7,800.    5  ach. 815  scholars.     Pop 

Wn.Mi\<.T<>\.  lily,  and  purl  of  entry,  and 
semi-capital  of  New  (  tattle  en..  I  (elawarc.  Situ- 
ated between  Brandywine  and  Christiana 
creeks,  one  mile  above  their  pinction  S  w.  Dela- 
ware r.,  47  n.  Dover,  88  s.  w.  Philadelphia,  70  s. 
k.  Baltimore,  110  W.— 39°  41'  n.  lat.,  and  75° 
28'  w.  Ion.  Pop.  1830,  (L0S8;  18 1(),  8^67.  It  tt 
regularly  laid  out,  with  wide  streets  croeeing  each 
other  at  right  angles,  and  built  on  ground  gradu- 
ally rising  to  the  height  of  112  feel  above  tide- 
water, and  the  situation  is  healthy  and  pleasant. 
The  houses  are  well  built,  generally  of  hrick, 
and  some  of  them  are  elegant  The  city  con- 
tains a  city  hall.  2  market  houses,  3  banks.  an 
almshouse,  an  arsenal,  a  Friends  boarding  school 
for  young  ladies,  a  public  library,  and  m  places 
of  worship— 3  Episcopal,  3  Presbyterian,  3  Me- 
thodist, 2  Friends,  1  Baptist,  1  Roman  Catholic, 
and  some  others.  Christiana  cr.  is  navigable  for 
vessels  requiring  14  feet  of  water  to  the  city. 
On  Brandy  wine  creek  are  some  of  the  finest 
flouring  mills  in  the  United  States,  to  which 
vessels  drawing  8  feet  of  water  can  come.  Wil- 
mington has  considerable  commerce.  It  is  ex- 
tensively engaged  in  the  whale  fishery.  The 
tonnage  in  1840,  was  16,110.  It  has  a  daily 
communication  with  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore, 
by  railroad.  There  were  in  1840, 95  stores,  cap. 
$344,850 ;  3  lumber  yards,  can.  $60,000 ;  fish- 
eries, cap.  !*170,000;  value  of  machinery  pro- 
duced, $258,500 ;  1  cotton  fac.  1,140  sp.,  2  tan- 
neries, 3  breweries,  2  potteries,  1  ropewalk,  6 
flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  3  printing  offices,  2  binde- 
ries, 3  weekly,  3  semi-weekly  newspapers,  1 
periodical.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $459,900.  9  acad. 
437  students,  14  sch.  991  scholars. 

Wilmington,  p-o.,  Fluvanna  co.,  Va.,  58  w. 
N.  w.  Richmond,  132  W.  Situated  on  Rivanna 
r.,  14  miles  above  its  mouth,  and  contains  2 
stores  and  a  few  dwellings. 

Wilmington,  p-v.,  port  of  entry,  and  capital 
of  New  Hanover  co.,  N.  C,  90  s.  e.  Fayetteville, 
148  s.  s.  e.  Raleigh,  365  W.  Situated  on  the  k. 
side  of  Cape  Fear  r,  just  below  the  confluence 
of  the  N.  e.  and  N.  w.  branches,  about  35  miles 
from  the  sea.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  an 
academy,  2  banks,  1  Presbyterian  and  one  Epis- 
copal church,  and  4,744  inhabitants,  being  the 
most  populous  town  in  the  state.  It  is  well  situ- 
ated lor  trade,  but  the  situation  is  accounted  un- 
healthy. The  harbor  admits  vessels  of  300  tons, 
but  the  entrance  has  a  dangerous  shoal.  Oppo- 
site the  town  are  2  islands,  dividing  the  river 
into  3  channels.  They  afford  the  finest  rice 
fields  in  the  state.  In  1819,  200  buildings  were 
destroyed  by  fire,  at  a  loss  of  $1,000,000.  Ton- 
nage 1840,  18,232. 

Wilmington,  p-v.,  capital  of  Clinton  co.,  O., 
72  s.  w.  Columbus,  445  W.  Situated  on  Todd's 
fork,  a  branch  of  Little  Miami  r.  It  contains  a 
brick  court  house,  a  jail,  4  churches — 1  Presby- 
terian, 1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Friends— 125 
dwellings,  and  about  750  inhabitants.  It  was  laid 
out  in  1810. 

Wilmington,  p-v.,  McCracken  co.,  Ky. 

Wilmington,  p-v.,  Dearborn  co.,  la.,  84  s.  «. 
Indianapolis,  520  W.  It  contains  about  200  in- 
habitants.    _,     tam 

Wilmington,  p-v.,  Wdl  co.,  111.,  152  tt.  t. 
Springfield,  726  W.  _         ,  .     L    „ 

Wilmington,  island,  Ga.  Situated  in  the  Sa- 
vannah r.,  between  the  n.  and  s.  channels,  8  ms. 
s.  e.  Savannah.  It  is  6  miles  long  and  4  broad, 
and  contains  1  church,  and  630  inhabitants. 

Wilmore,p-v   Cambria  co.,  Pa. 


WIL 


732 


WIN 


Wilmot,  p-t.,  Merrimae  co.,  N.  H.,  27  n.  w. 
Concord,  302  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  and 
rough ;  soil,  adapted  to  grazing.  Its  streams  are 
small,  and  flow  into  Blackwater  river,  but  afford 
some  water  power.  It  has  1  store,  cap.  $2,000  ; 
1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac.  $9,580.    9  sch.  350  scholars.     Pop.  1,212. 

Wilna,  p-t.,  Jefferson  co.,  N.  Y.,  157  n.  w. 
Albany,  446  W.  The  surface  is  generally  level ; 
soil,  sandy  and  clay  loam,  and  moderately  fertile. 
Drained  by  Indian  and  Black  rs.  It  contains  the 
v.  of  Carthage,  at  the  head  of  the  long  falls  on 
Black  r.,  above  which  the  r.  is  navigable  for  40 
miles,  to  the  high  falls,  for  steamboats.  It  has  6 
stores,  cap.  $25,600 ;  2  commission  houses,  cap. 
$5,000  ;  2  fulling  m.,  1  furnace,  1  forge,  1  tannery, 
1  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,000. 
20  sch.  810  scholars.     Pop.  2,591. 

Wilna,  p-v.,  Houston  co.,  Ga.,  60  s.  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  708  W.  Situated  about  6  ms.  e.  by 
N.  of  Perry  the  capital,  and  10  ms.  from  Ocmul- 
gee  river. 

Wilson,  county,  Tenn.  Situated  a  little  n. 
of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  430  square 
ms.  Cumberland  r.  bounds  it  on  the  n.,  by  small 
tributaries  of  which,  and  of  Stone  r.,  it  is  drained. 
Capital,  Lebanon.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 20,109,  sheep  19,309,  swine  48,115;  wheat 
106,413  bush,  produced,  rye  13,554,  Indian  corn 
2,601,652,  oats  164,334,  potatoes  153,990,  tobacco 
2,313,000  pounds,  cotton  295,373;  19  stores,  cap. 
$78,600 ;  6  woollen  fac,  2  cotton  fac.  1,556  sp., 
81  tanneries,  23  distilleries,  94  grist  m.,  47  saw 
m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $179,950.  36  sch.  887  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  18,203,  slaves  5,938,  free  col'd  269 ;  total, 
24,460. 

Wilson,  p-t.,  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.  Drained 
by  a  branch  of  Piscataquis  r.,  which  flows  through 
Sebec  pond  in  its  course.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  1 
saw  m.  Capital  in  manufac.  $1,500.  2  sch.  29 
scholars.    Pop.  70. 

Wilson,  p-t.,  Niagara  co.,  N.  Y.,  10  n.  w. 
Lockport,  290  w.  by  n.  Albany,  420  W.  The 
surface  is  generally  level ;  soil,  sandy  and  grav- 
elly loam,  with  some  clay.  Drained  by  How- 
ell's and  Tusearora  creeks,  flowing  into  Lake 
Ontario,  which  bounds  it  on  the  n.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $5,000 ;  1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $6,200.  12  sch.  476  scholars.  Pop. 
1,753.  F 

Wilson,  t.,  Audrain  co.,  Mo.  It  has  1  sch.  15 
scholars.    Pop.  334. 

Wilson's,  p-o.,  Anderson  co.,  Tenn.,  181  e. 
Nashville,  508  W. 

Wilson's,  p-o.,  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  156  w.  s.  w. 
Frankfort,  698  W. 

Wilson's  Creek,  p-o.,  Abbeville  dist.,  S.  C, 
112  w.  Columbia,  544  W. 

Wilson's  Creek,  p-o.,  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  287 
w.  s.  w.  Frankfort,  814  W. 
Wilson's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa. 
Wilsonville,  p-o.,  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  45  s  w 
Harrisburg,  85  W. 

Wilsonville,  p-v.,  Bath  co.,  Va.,  198  w.  n  w 
Richmond,  178  W. 

Wilsonville,  p-v.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.  C,  185  w. 
s.  w.  Raleigh,  422  W. 

Wilsonville,  p-v.,  Shelby  co.,  Ala.,  82  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  772  W.  Situated  8  ms.  n.  e.  of  Co- 
lumbiana, the  capital  of  the  county. 

Wilsonville,  p-v.,  Spencer  co.,  Ky.,  35  w. 
s.  w.  Frankfort,  577  W.  It  contains  about  50  in- 
habitants. 

Wilton,  p-t.,  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  38  w.  n.  w. 
Augusta,  275  W.  The  surface  is  pleasantly  di- 
versified ;  soil,  fertile,  adapted  to  grain.   Drained 


by  branches  of  Sandy  r.  issuing  from  2  ponds. 
Incorporated  in  1837.  It  has  7  stores,  capital 
$16,200;  3  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  furnace, 
3  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $39,725.     14  sch.  725  scholars.     Pop.  2,198. 

Wilton,  p-t.,  Hillsboro'  co.,  N.  IL,  40  s.  by  w. 
Concord,  454  W.  The  surface  is  rocky  and 
rough  ;  soil,  fertile.  Drained  by  Souhegan  river 
and  its  branches.  Clay  and  fine  building  stone 
are  found.  Incorporated  in  1762.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $2,100  ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  5  grist  m., 
5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,750.  9  sch.  269 
scholars.     Pop.  1,033. 

Wilton,  p-t.,  Fairfield  co.,  Ct.,  74  s.  w.  Hart- 
ford, 275  W.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  a  pro- 
ductive gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  Norwalk  r., 
which  affords  water  power.  Incorporated  in 
1802.  The  v.  contains  1  Congregational  and  1 
Episcopal  church,  and  an  academy.  There  are 
in  the  t.  7  stores,  cap.  $10,000:  2  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,600.  2  acad.  63  students, 
11  sch.  631  scholars.     Pop.  2,053. 

Wilton,  p-t.,  Saratoga  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  n.  Ball- 
ston  Spa,  43  n.  Albany,  413  W.  The  surface  is 
hilly  on  the  w.,  more  level  on  the  e.  ;  soil,  sand, 
and  sandy  loam.  Drained  by  a  tributary  of  Hud- 
son r.     It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $7,000 ;  I  fulling  m., 

2  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $4,900.     7  sch.  289  scholars.     Pop.  1,433. 

Wilton,  p-v.,  Granville  co.,  N.  C,  34  n.  Ra- 
leigh, 270  W. 

Winchendon,  p-t.,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  30  n. 
by  w.  Worcester,  60  w.  n.  w.  Boston,  419  W. 
The  surface  is  moderately  uneven  and  rocky; 
soil,  fertile.  Drained  by  branches  of  Miller's  r., 
which  afford  water  power.  There  is  a  mineral 
spring  in  its  n.  part,  containing  iron  and  sulphur, 
where  is  a  small  v.  containing  a  Methodist  church. 
The  v.  at  the  centre  contains  a  Congregational 
church,  and  there  is  a  Baptist  church  in  the  w. 
part.     Incorporated  in  1764.     There  are  in  the  t 

3  stores,  cap.  $15,000 ;  1  cotton  fac.  3,500  sp.,  1 
tannery,  1  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$110,550.     13  sch.  345  scholars.     Pop.  1,754. 

Winchester,  p-t,  Cheshire  co.,  N.  H.,  64  s. 
w.  Concord,  118  W.  The  surface  is  level  in  the 
s.  e.,  elsewhere  uneven  ;  soil,  fertile.  Drained 
by  Ashuelot  river  and  its  branches,  which  afford 
water  power.  The  v.  at  the  centre,  on  Ashuelot 
river,  contains  3  churches,  and  some  mills  and 
manufactories.  There  is  a  manufacturing  v.  in 
the  w.  part.  Incorporated  in  1753.  It  has  6 
stores,  cap.  $19,000;  3  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac, 
1  cotton  fac.  400  sp.,  1  furnace,  2  tanneries,  4  grist 
m.,  15  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $94,383. 
14  sch.  570  scholars.     Pop.  2,065. 

Winchester,  p-t,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct,  26  n.  w. 
Hartford,  350  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  moun- 
tainous ;  soil,  gravelly  loam,  adapted  to  grazing. 
Watered  by  Mad  r.,  a  branch  of  Farmington  r. 
It  contains  4  churches — 2  Congregational,  1  Meth- 
odist, and  1  Universalist.  The  2  latter  are  in  the 
v.  of  Clifton,  which  contains  4  stores,  and  about 
70  dwellings.  A  pond  near  the  v.,  3i  ms.  long, 
and  three  fourths  of  a  m.  wide,  by  its  outlet  into 
Mad  r.,  affords  excellent  water  power.  The  v. 
contains  extensive  iron  works,  supplied  by  ore 
from  Salisbury.  Whitingville  v.,  e.  of  this,  con- 
tains a  Congregational  church,  and  several  manu- 
facturing establishments.  There  are  in  the  t.  8 
stores,  cap.  $20,900 ;  3  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac, 
1  furnace,  9  forges,  3  tanneries,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $138,700.  1  acad.  100  stu- 
dents, 13  sch.  420  scholars.     Pop.  1,667. 

Winchester,  p-v.,  capital  of  Frederick  co., 
Va.,  146  n.  n.  w.  Richmond,  74  W.  Situated  on 
Abraham's  branch  of  Opequan  cr.,  a  branch  of 


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733 


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the  Potomac  r.  Founded  in  175*2.  The  street* 
cross  each  other  at  right  angles,  and  are  generally- 
paved,  and  the  houses  are  mostly  of  brick  or 
stone.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  market 
house,  masonic  hall,  a  lycoum,  13  churches — 2 
Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  3  Baptist,  2  Methodist, 
2  Lutheran,  1  German  Reformed,  1  Friends,  ;m<l 
1  Roman  Catholic — an  academy,  2  banks,  besides 
1  for  savings,  numerous  stores,  2  furnace*,  2 
breweries,  3  carriage  fac,  7  flouring  m.,  ]  carpet 
fac,  1  cotton  fac,  and  3,454  inhabitants.  The  v. 
is  supplied  by  water  from  a  spring,  half  a  m.  dis- 
tant, through  cast  iron  pipes.  A  railroad  extends 
to  Harper's  Ferry,  where  it  unites  with  the  Balti- 
more railroad,  its  trade  is  extensive,  and  its  ad- 
vantages are  great.  It  is  memorable  lor  important 
events  in  the  French  war,  and  for  the  succors 
which  it  afforded  to  "that  heroic  youth,  Colonel 
Washington." 

Winchester,  t.,  Adams  co.,  O.  Drained  by 
a  branch  of  Brush  cr.  Until  recently,  it  was  a 
part  of  Scott  t.  It  is  situated  in  the  n.  w.  corner 
of  the  co.  It  has  18  stores,  cap.  $39,720 ;  2  tan- 
neries, 1  printing  office,  1  grist  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $4,623.    Pop.  1,121. 

Winchester,  p-v.,  Madison  t.,  Guernsey  co., 
O.,  87  e.  Columbus,  311  W.  It  contains  about 
50  inhabitants. 

Winchester,  p-v.,  capital  of  Clarke  co.,  Ky., 
44  E.  s.  e.  Frankfort,  545  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  2  churches,  and  1,047  inhabitants. 

Winchester,  p-v.,  capital  of  Franklin  co., 
Tenn.,  94  s.  s.  e.  Nashville,  664  W.  Situated  on 
a  small  branch  of  Elk  r.,  and  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  a  church,  and  about  700  inhabitants. 

Winchester,  p-v.,  capital  of  Randolph  co., 
la.,  81  E.  N.  E.  Indianapolis,  506  W.  It  contains 
a  court  house,  jail,  4  stores,  and  about  250  in- 
habitants. 

Winchester,  p-v.,  capital  of  Scott  co.,  111.,  15 
s.  w.  Jacksonville,  50  w.  s.  w.  Springfield,  830 
W.  It  has  11  stores,  cap.  $15,800;  2  tanneries, 
1  pottery,  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $16,600.  1  acad.  60  students,  2  sch. 
69  scholars.    Pop.  720. 

Winchester,  p-v.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa. 

Winchester,  p-v.,  capital  of  Wayne  co., 
Miss  ,  151  e.  s.  e.  Jackson,  982  W.  Situated  on 
the  e.  side  of  Chickasawha  r.,  and  contains  about 
50  inhabitants. 

Winchester,  p-v.,  Clarke  co.,  Mo.,  165  n.  by 
E.  Jefferson  City,  916  W.  It  contains  about  75 
inhabitants. 

Winchestfr  Centre,  p-v.,  Winchester  t., 
Litchfield  co.,  Ct.,  31  N.  w.  Hartford,  355  W.  It 
contains  a  Congregational  church,  and  a  number 
of  dwellings. 

Winchester  Springs,  p-o.,  Franklin  co., 
Tenn.,  90  s.  s.  e.  Nashville,  670  W. 

Windfall,  p-o.,  Onondaga  co.,  N.  Y.,  144  w. 
Albany,  346  W. 

Wind  Gap,  p-o.,  Northumberland  co.,  Pa.,  110 
N.  Harrisburg,  203  W.  The  Wind  Gap  is  an 
opening  in  the  Blue  mt.,  extending  nearly  from 
the  bottom  to  the  top,  the  sides  of  which  are 
very  abrupt.  No  stream  passes  through  it.  It 
is  15  ms.  from  the  celebrated  Water  Gap,  through 
which  Delaware  r.  flows.  Some  have  supposed 
that  it  once  passed  through  this  passage.  The 
road  from  Easton  to  Wilkesbarre  passes  through  it. 

Windham,  county,  Vt.  Situated  in  the  s.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  780  sq.  ms. 
Connecticut  r.  bounds  it  on  the  e.  The  surface 
is  hilly,  and  in  the  w.  part  mountainous ;  soil, 
various;  on  Connecticut  r.  are  fertile  alluvial 
meadows,  in  its  more  uneven  parts,  well  adapted 
to  grazing.    Drained  by  Williams,  West,   and 


Saxton  rivers  jiikI  their  branches,  which  afford 
extensive  water  power.  Capital,  Payetteville  v. 
in  Newfane  t.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
42,661,  sheep  114,330,  swine  29,435;  wheat 
23,7%  bush,  produced,  rye  33,502,  hid.  corn 
139,923,  buckwheat  13,337,  barley  8,129,  oats 
178,761,  potatoes  743,366,  silk  cocoons  513 
pounds,  sugar  423,400 ;  80  stores,  cap.  $350,585  ; 
2  furnaces,  19  fulling  m.,  8  woollen  fac,  1  cotton 
fac.  60  sp.,  29  tanneries,  49  grist  m.,  134  saw  m., 
1  oil  m.,  7  paper  fac,  4  printing  offices,  1  periodi- 
cal, 3  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$5fi7,8lK).  4  acad.  501  students,  248  sch.  9,138 
scholars.     Pop.  27,412. 

Windham,  county,  Ct.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  620  sq.  ms.  The 
surface  is  uneven,  and  some  of  it  stony  and 
rough  ;  soil,  generally  adapted  to  grazing,  with 
fertile  alluvial  meadows  on  the  streams.  Drain- 
ed by  Quinnebaug  and  Shetucket  rivers  and 
their  branches,  wliich  afford  extensive  water 
power.  The  Norwich  and  Worcester  railroad 
passes  through  it  from  s.  to  n.  It  has  extensive 
manufactories,  particularly  in  its  n.  e.  part.  Or- 
ganized in  1726.  Capital,  Brooklyn.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  23,597,  sheep  39,504, 
swine  12,562;  wheat  8,999  bush,  produced, 
rye  48,278,  Ind.  corn  173,003,  buckwheat  30,653, 
barley  5,904,  oats  179,027,  potatoes  497,991,  silk 
cocoons  3,001  pounds,  sugar  2,549;  115  stores, 
cap.  $309,750 ;  1  furnace,  8  fulling  m.,  15  woollen 
fac,  54  cotton  fac  105,016  sp.,  19  tanneries,  1 
distillery,  57  grist  m.,  109  saw  m.,  50  oil  m.,  3 
paper  fac.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,223,337.  8  acad. 
317  students,  166  sch.  7,749  scholars. 
28,080. 


Pop. 


Windham,  p-t.,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  14  n.  n 
w.  Portland,  56  s.  s.  e.  Augusta,  553  W.  Pre- 
sumpscot  r.  bounds  it  on  the  s.  w.,  by  branches 
of  which  it  is  watered,  and  which  afford  water 
power.  Incorporated  in  1762.  A  pond  in  its  n. 
w.  part  flows  into  Presumpscot  r.,  and  Sebago 
pond  lies  on  its  n.  w.  border.  It  has  5  stores, 
cap.  $2,250 ;  1  tannery,  18  sch.  620  scholars.  Pop. 
2,303. 

Windham,  p-t.,  Rockingham  co.,  N.  H.,  40  s. 
E.  Concord,  457  W.  Beaver  r.  bounds  it  on  the 
w.  Policy  pond  lies  on  its  e.  border,  and  Cabot 
pond  near  the  centre.  Incorporated  in  1739. 
It  contains  a  Presbyterian  church.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $5,500  ;  3  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac, 
1  tannery,  2  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac $32,800.    7  sch.  298  scholars.     Pop.  926. 

Windham,  p-t.,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  104  s.  Mont- 
pelier,  452  W.  The  surface  is  elevated,  and  on 
the  w.  mountainous  ;  soil,  strong  and  well  adapt- 
ed to  grazing.  Drained  by  branches  of  Wil- 
liams, West,  and  Saxtons  rivers,  which  afford 
water  power.  It  contains  2  Congregational  and 
1  Baptist  church,  and  some  Methodists  and  Uni- 
versalists.  Crystals  of  actinolite  are  lbund 
imbedded  in  talc.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $8,000 ; 
1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $4,100.    9  sch.  275  scholars.     Pop.  757. 

Windham,  p-t.,  Windham  co.,  Ct.,  31  e.  Hart- 
ford, 358  W.  It  was  formerly  the  capital  of  the 
co.  Chartered  in  1692,  first  settled  in  1686.  Wa- 
tered by  Shetucket  r.  and  its  branches,  which 
afford  good  water  power.  It  contains  the  flour- 
ishing manufacturing  v.  of  Willimantic  in  its  N. 
w.  part,  and  the  parish  of  Scotland  in  its  e.  part, 
where  is  a  v.  containing  a  Congregational  church. 
The  principal  v.,  near  the  centre,  contains  1 
Congregational  and  1  Episcopal  church,  a  bank, 
an  academy,  6  stores,  and  about  60  dwellings. 
It  has  not  increased  since  the  American  revolu- 
tion.   The  county  seat  was  removed  to  Brook- 


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734 


WIN 


lyn  in  1820.  There  are  in  the  t.  11  stores,  cap. 
$48,000 ;  2  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac.,  5  cotton 
fac.  11,950  sp.,  1  tannery,  2  paper  fac,  3  grist  m., 
7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $361,350.  18  sch. 
928  scholars.     Pop.  3,332. 

Windham,  p-t.,  Greene  co.,  N.  Y.,  18  w.  Cats- 
kill,  45  s.  w.  Albany,  363  W.  The  surface  is 
hilly  and  mountainous ;  soil,  fertile  in  the  valleys. 
Watered  by  Bataviakill  cr.  It  has  16  stores, 
cap.  $16,600;  5  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  17  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $50,100.  10  sch.  203  scholars. 
Pop.  2,417. 

Windham,  p-t.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  162  n.  by  e. 
Harrisburg,  272  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil, 
gravel.  Drained  by  Wepassening  cr.,  which 
flows  into  Susquehanna  r.  It  has  3  grist  m.,  9 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $8,110.  4  sch.  150 
scholars.     Pop.  879. 

Windham,  t.  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  25  n.  w. 
Wilkesbarre.  The  surface  is  mountainous ;  soil, 
generally  fertile.  Drained  by  Big  and  Little 
Mahoopeny  creeks.  It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $7,200  ; 
1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  2  flouring  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $13,100.  9  sch.  304  scholars. 
Pop.  1,647. 

Windham,  p-t,  Portage  co.,  O.,  159  n.  e.  Co- 
lumbus, 315  W.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  soil, 
fertile.  Its  name  was  changed  from  Sharon  in 
1820.  It  is  a  flourishing  agricultural  t.  It  has  1 
acad.  76  students,  8  sch.  217  scholars.  Pop. 
907. 

Windham  Centre,  p-v.,  Windham  t.,  Greene 
co.,  N.  Y.,  49  s.  w.  Albany,  360  W.  It  contains 
1  church,  3  stores,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  2  tan- 
neries, and  about  40  dwellings.  The  v.  at  the 
centre  contains  a  Congregational  church,  a 
flourishing  academy,  and  a  small  agricultural  set- 
tlement. The  t.  is  inhabitedby  substantial  farm- 
ers. 

Windham  Mill,  p-o.,  Montgomery  co.,  N.  C, 
134  w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  395  W. 

Windsor,  county,  Vt.  Situated  toward  the 
s.  e.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  900  sq.  ms. 
Watered  by  Queechee  and  Black  rivers,  and 
branches  of  West  and  Williams'  rivers.  Bound- 
ed on  the  e.  by  Connecticut  r.,  into  which  all  of 
its  streams  flow.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil, 
generally  fertile.  Steatite  or  soapstone  is  found 
in  Plymouth,  Broadwater  and  Bethel,  and  ex- 
tensively wrought.  Limestone  is  found.  Capi- 
tal, Woodstock.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 51,863,  sheep  234,826,  swine  22,834 ;  wheat 
56,659  bush,  produced,  rye  46,126,  Ind.  corn 
168,897,  buckwheat  49,380,  barley  5,164,  oats 
301,026,  potatoes  1,072,753,  silk  cocoons  1,146 
pounds,  hops  2, 100,  sugar  462,444 ;  100  stores, 
cap.  $472,400;  4  furnaces,  57  fulling  m.,  27 
woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac  650  sp.,  45  tanneries, 
1  rope  fac,  46  grist  m.,  154  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  2 
paper  fac,  4  printing  offices,  2  binderies,  2  peri- 
odicals, 5  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $382,620.  1  college,  70  students,  7  acad. 
558  students,  357  sch.  13,054  scholars.  Pop. 
40,356. 

Windsor,  p-t.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  10  e.  Au- 
gusta, 605  W.  Drained  by  Sheepscot  r.,  and  by 
several  ponds  which  flow  into  it.  The  surface 
is  diversified ;  soil,  generally  fertile,  adapted  to 
grain.  Chartered  in  1809,  by  the  name  of  Malta. 
It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $2,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tan- 
nery, 1  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$9,350.     15  sch.  758  scholars.    Pop.  1,789. 

Windsor,  t.,  Hillsboro'  co.,  N.  H.  Formerly 
called  Campbell's  Gore.  Incorporated  in  1798. 
Drained  by  branches  of  Contoocook  r.,  one  of 
which  issues  from  a  considerable  pond  near  the 
centre  of  the  t.    The  soil  is  fertile,  adapted  to 


|  grazing,  and  some  of  it  to  grain.  It  has  1  grist 
j  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,000.  4  sch. 
63  scholars.     Pop.  177. 

Windsor,  p-t.,  capital  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  65 
Montpelier,  471  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ; 
soil,  fertile.  Connecticut  r.  bounds  it  on  the  e. 
Drained  by  Mill  r.,  which  affords  water  power. 
The  v.  is  situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Connecticut 
r.  Between  the  v.  and  the  r.  is  a  beautiful  mea- 
dow, one  fourth  of  a  m.  wide.  It  has  Mill  r.  on 
the  s.,  and  Pulk-hole  brook  on  the  n.  and-N.  w., 
both  of  which  enter  Connecticut  r.  These 
streams  form  a  narrow  isthmus  on  the  w.  side  of 
the  v.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  the  main 
street  is  serpentine  in  its  course.  It  contains  3 
churches,  a  court  house  for  U.  States  courts,  a 
seminary  for  young  gentlemen  and  ladies,  a  bank, 
a  state's  prison,  9  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  a 
printing  office,  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper,  and 
many  elegant  houses,  beautifully  ornamented 
with  trees  and  shrubbery.  Mill  r.  has  a  fall  of 
60  feet  in  one  third  of  a  m.,  and  affords  good  wa- 
ter power.  Brownsville  v.,  in  the  w.  part  of  the 
t.,  contains  a  Methodist  church  and  2  stores  ;  and 
Sheddsville,  in  the  same  part,  has  a  church  com- 
mon to  the  Freewill  Baptists  and  Universal ists. 
The  t.  contains  2,428  sheep.  On  the  s.  border 
of  the  t.  is  Ascutney  mountain,  3,320  feet  above 
tidewater.  There  are  in  the  t.  9  stores,  cap. 
$40,500 ;  3  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac.  1  furnace, 
3  tanneries,  1  printing  office,  2  periodicals,  2 
weekly  newspapers,  5  grist  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac  $35,490.     18  sch.     Pop.  2,744. 

Windsor,  p-t.,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  123  w. 
Boston,  388  W.  The  surface  is  elevated  and 
broken  ;  soil,  well  adapted  to  grazing.  Drained 
by  a  branch  of  Westfield  r.,  issuing  from  a  pond 
in  its  n.  Et  part,  and  by  a  branch  of  Housatonic 
r.  in  the  s.  w.  part.  It  occupies  the  height  of 
land  between  Connecticut  and  Housatonic  rivers. 
The  v.  contains  1  Congregational  and  1  Baptist 
church.  It  has  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac 
$4,450.     10  sch.  207  scholars.     Pop.  897. 

Windsor,  p-t.,  Hartford  co.,  Ct.,  7  n.  Hartford, 
313  W.  This  venerable  t.,  one  of  the  oldest  in 
Ct.,  was  first  settled  in  1636.  The  surface  is 
generally  level ;  soil,  sandy  or  gravelly  loam, 
with  fine  meadows.  Connecticut  r.  bounds  it  on 
the  E.  Farmington  r.  passes  through  it,  and  here 
enters  Connecticut  r.,  affording  good  water  pow- 
er. The  principal  v.  is  on  a  single  street,  2  or  3 
ms.  long,  containing  a  Congregational  church, 
several  stores,  and  a  number  of  handsome  dwell- 
ings, beautifully  shaded  with  trees.  A  bridge 
here  crosses  Farmington  or  Tuxis  r.  Poquonock 
v.  is  pleasantly  situated  at  the  head  of  navigation 
on  Farmington  r.  Pine  Meadow  is  a  manufac- 
turing v.  in  the  n.  e.  part  of  the  t.,  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  canal  around  Enfield  falls,  in 
Connecticut  r.  There  are  in  the  t.  6  stores,  cap. 
$18,600  ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  3  cotton  fac 
570  sp.,  1  tannery,  3  paper  fac,  5  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $155,300.  1  acad.  39  stu- 
dents, 9  sch.  287  scholars.     Pop.  2,283. 

Windsor,  p-t,  Broome  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  s.  E. 
Binghamton,  126  s.  w.  Albany,  300  W.  The 
surface  is  hilly  and  mountainous ;  soil,  productive 
in  the  valleys.  Drained  by  Susquehanna  r.  and 
its  tributaries.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  w.  side 
of  Susquehanna  r.,  and  contains  1  Presbyterian 
and  1  Methodist  church,  4  stores,  1  oil  m.,  1  card- 
ing machine,  60  dwellings,  and  about  400  in- 
habitants. There  are  in  the  t.  3  stores,  capital 
$11,000;  1  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  11 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,500.  20  sch.  685 
scholars.    Pop.  2,368. 

Windsor,  p-t.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  42  s.  Harrisburg, 


WIN 


735 


WIN 


102  W.  The  surface  is  hilly;  soil,  gravelly 
loam.  Watered  by  Grist  and  Fish  creeks,  and 
Cabin  Branch  and  Beaver  runs. 

Windsor,  t.,  Berks  en.  Pa,  Schuylkill  r.  and 
canal  pass  along  its  w.  boundary,  anil  Maiden  cr. 
on  the  E.  Blue  mountain  occupies  the  n.  w. 
part.  The  surface  is  hilly;  soil,  gravelly  and 
sterile.  It  contains  a  church,  common  to  LutheaM  sc 
ans  and  Presbyterians,  near  the  centre,  andTl 
another  near  Hamburg  v.,  in  the  n.  \v.  part.  It 
has  1  store,  cap.  $9,000 ;  2  tanneries,  6  distilleries, 
1  grist  m.,  1  oil  m.     Pop.  2,832. 

Windsor,  p-v.,  Bertie  co.,  N.  C,  157  Raleigh, 
260  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Casino  r.,  a 
branch  of  Roanoke  r.  The  r.  is  navigable  to  this 
place  for  vessels  of  from  80  to  100  tons.  It  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  county  ofiice3,  and  an 
Episcopal  church.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  fertile 
country,  and  is  well  situated  for  trade,  but  is  un- 
healthy, owing  to  swamps  on  the  margin  of  the  r. 
Windsor,  p-v.,  Walton  co.,  Ga.,  71  N.  n.  w. 
Milledgeville,  645  W.  Situated  on  a  head 
branch  of  Ocmulgee  r. 

Windsor,  p-t.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.,  126  n.  e. 
Columbus,  327  W.  Grand  r.  runs  along  its  e. 
boundary,  alternately  crossing  it,  by  branches  of 
which  it  is  drained.  Organized  in  1810.  It  con- 
tains a  quarry  of  grindstones.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $1,100;  1  furnace,  2  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $5,954.    Pop.  876. 

Windsor,  p-t.,  Lawrence  co.,  O.,  110  s.  s.  E. 
Columbus,  410  W.  (Post-office  called  Windsor 
Cross  Roads.)  Drained  by  Symmes  and  Indian 
Guyandot  creeks,  flowing  into  Ohio  r.  It  has  6 
sch.  125  scholars.     Pop.  815. 

Windsor,  p-v.,  Randolph  co.,  la.,  71  E.  N.  e. 
Indianapolis,  516  W.     Situated  on  Stony  cr. 

Windsor,  p-v.,  Bureau  co.,  111.,  119  n.  Spring- 
field, 814  W.  It  contains  1  church,  4  stores,  and 
about  150  inhabitants. 

Windsor  Locks,  p-v.,  Windsor  t.,  Hartford 
co.,  Ct.,  12  n.  Hartford,  348  W.  Situated  in  Pine 
Meadow  v.     (See  Windsor  t.) 

Winesburg,  p-v.,  Paint  t.,  Holmes  co.,  O.,  105 
N.  E.  Columbus,  331  W.  It  contains  1  store,  and 
12  or  15  dwellings. 

Winfield,  pt.,  Herkimer  co.,  N.  Y.,  76  w. 
Albany,  375  W.  The  surface  is  rolling ;  soil,  a 
fertile  calcareous  and  sandy  loam.  Drained  by 
head  branches  of  Unadilla  r.  It  has  5  stores,  cap. 
$17,400 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac.,.  1  furnace, 
1  tannery,  1  distillerv,  3  grist  m.,  11  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $27,750.  11  sch.  490  scholars. 
Pop.  1,652. 

Wing,  t.,  Lucas  co.,  O.  It  has  2  sch.  48  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  145. 

Wingville,  p-v.,  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  67  w.  Madi- 
son, 899  W. 

Winhali>,  p-t.,  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  97  s.  by 
w.  Montpelier,  434  W.  The  surface  is  rougli,  be- 
ing situated  in  part  on  the  Green  mountain  range. 
Drained  by  Winhall  r.,  a  branch  of  West  r., 
which  affords  water  power.  Chartered  in  1761. 
It  has  1  store,  cap.  $200  ;  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $900.  6  sch.  200  scholars.   Pop.  576. 


swine  147;  [nd.com  1,090  bush  produced,  pota- 
toes 1,980,  mgar  4,400  pounds ;  1  grist  m.,  1  saw 
in.    Cap.  in  manufac.  s.\oo:>.    Pop.  135. 
Winnebago,  county,  111.    Situated  in  the  n. 

part  of  the  state,  and  Contains  504  sq.  BBS.  Drain- 
ed by  Rock  r.,  and  its  branch  lvishwawkie  r.,  and 
by  Peckatonokee  r.  The  surface  ii  undulating  ; 
soil,  fertile.  Formed  in  1836.  Capital,  Rockfbrd. 
.^here  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  1,71 1,  sheep  894, 
swine  12,374;  wheat  68,315  bush,  produced,  lnd. 
com  127,377,  buckwheat  1,399,  oats  50,117,  pota- 
toes 79,136,  tobacco  115,419  pounds,  sugar  13,S23; 
18  stores,  cap.  $80,000;  1  fulling  m.,  2  distilleries, 
23  potteries,  1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  10  saw  m., 
2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $69,225.  26  sch.  606  scholars.  Pop. 4,609. 

Winnemac,  n-v.,  capital  of  Pulaski  co.,  la., 
100  n.  by  w.  Indianapolis,  638  W.  It  contains  a 
United  States  land  office. 

Winnicut,  r.,  N.  H.,  a  tributary  of  Fiscataqua 
r.,  which  enters  through  Great  bay. 

Winnipiseogee,  lake  and  r.,  N.  H.  Situated 
between  Belknap  and  Carroll  counties.  It  is 
irregular  in  its  form,  22  ms.  long,  and  from  1  to 
10  broad,  and  forms  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and 
picturesque  sheets  of  water  in  the  United  States. 
The  water  is  remarkably  pure  and  very  deep, 
fed  extensively  by  springs  at  its  bottom.  Steam- 
boats and  small  vessels  navigate  it  in  the  sum- 
mer season.  Its  winding  shores,  projecting  points, 
its  multiplied  islands,  and  its  fine  surrounding 
mountain  scenery,  combine  to  form  an  assem- 
blage of  beauty  and  grandeur  unsurpassed  by 
the  far-famed  lakes  of  Scotland,  or  any  other 
part  of  the  world,  Its  outlet,  proceeding  from 
Great  bay  on  the  s.  w.,  through  2  small  lakes, 
forms  Winnipiseogee  r.,  which  flows  into  Pemige- 
wasset  r.  to  form  jYlerrimac  r.,  having  a  fall  of 
232  feet  in  its  short  course,  affording  extensive 
water  power.  The  lake  is  472  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea. 

Winns,  p-o.,  Hall  co.,  Ga.,  122  n.  Milledge- 
ville, 631  W. 

WiNNSBOROUGii,  p-v.,  capital  of  Fairfield  disc, 
S.  C,  29  n.  n.  w.  Columbia,  480  W.  It  is  situ- 
ated between  Wateree  and  Little  rivers,  and  con- 
tains a  court  house,  jail,  market  house,  1  male 
and  1  female  academy,  4  churches — 2  Presbyte- 
rian, 1  Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist — 12  stores,  100 
dwellings,  and  about  700  inhabitants.  In  the 
vicinity  is  a  literary  and  theological  seminary, 
under  the  direction  of  the  Baptists,  denominated 
"  The  Furnace  Institution,"  for  educating  young 
men  for  the  ministry.  It  lias  several  fine  build- 
ings of  brick. 

Winnsville,  p-o.,  Fluvanna  Co.,  Va.,  60  w.  N. 
w.  Richmond,  134  W. 

Winslow,  p-t.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  20  n.  by 
E.  Augusta,  615  W.  The  surface  is  undulating; 
soil,  generally  fertile,  and  well  cultivated.  Ken- 
nebec r.  bounds  it  on  the  w.  Watered  by  Se- 
basticook  r.  and  its  tributaries,  one  of  which  flows 
from  a  pond  near  its  centre.  It  has  2  stores,  cap. 
$7,000  ;  1  fulling  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $2,250.     14  sch.  733  scholars.    Pop.  1,722. 

Winslow,  p-v.,  Gloucester  co.,  N.  J.,  54  s. 


Winnebago,  lake,  situated  between  Fond  du  Trenton,  164 


r* 


Lac  and  Calumet  counties,  Wisconsin  ter.,  and 
is  24  ms.  long  and  10  broad.  The  water  is  clear. 
Its  outlet,  in  the  N.  w.  part,  is  Fox  r.,  which  also 
enters  it  on  the  w.  part,  and  is  a  large  stream, 
flowing  into  Green  bay. 

Winnebago,  county,  Wis.  Situated  in  the  n. 
part  of  the  settled  portion  of  the  ter.,  and  con- 
tains 500  sq.  ms.  Drained  by  Neenah  or  Fox  and 
Panwaygun  rivers,  and  their  branches.  Capital, 
Oshkosh.    There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  184, 


146 


s.  w.  In- 


Winslow,  p-v.,  Pike  co.,  la., 
dianapolis,  635  W. 

Winston,  county,  Miss.  Situated  a  little  n. 
e.  of  the  centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  720  sq. 
ms.  Drained  by  branches  of  Pearl  and  Tombig- 
bee  rivers.  Capital,  Louisville.  There  were  m 
1840,  neat  cattle  8,729,  sheep  1,224,  swine  12,893 ; 
wheat  8,843  bush,  produced,  lnd.  corn  209,165, 
oats  8,495,  potatoes  22,971,  rice  4,005  pounds,  to- 
bacco 2,475,    cotton   1,108,607;    3  stores,    cap. 


WIS 


736 


WIS 


$25,000  ;  2  tanneries,  9  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $25,800.  1  acad.  18  students,  1  sch. 
29  scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,061,  slaves  1,589 ; 
total,  4,650. 

Winston,  p-o.,  Weakley  co.,  Tenn.,  127  w. 
Nashville,  813  W. 

Winter  Seat,  p-o.,  Edgefield  dist.,  S.  C,  79 
w.  Columbia,  547  W. 

Wintersville,  p-v.,  Cross  Creek  t.,  Jefferson 
co.,  O.,  134  Columbus,  269  W. 

Winthrop,  p-t.,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  10  w.  Au- 
gusta, 598  W.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  soil, 
fertile  and  well  cultivated.  It  has  a  large  pond 
or  small  lake,  10  ms.  long,  and  from  1  to  3  broad, 
in  its  e.  part,  and  2  others,  one  of  which  extends 
n.  into  Readfield.  Drained  by  Cobbeseconte  r., 
which  flows  through  these  ponds  and  enters 
Kennebec  r.  The  v.  is  situated  at  the  s.  end  of 
the  n.  lake,  the  outlet  of  which  affords  water 
power.  It  has  5  stores,  cap.  $12,600;  1  fulling 
m.,  2  tanneries,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly  news- 
paper, 1  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$24,101.    5  sch.  691  scholars.    Pop.  1,915. 

Winthrop,  p-o.,  Middlesex  co.,  Ct. 

Winton,  p-v.,  capital  of  Hertford  co.,  N.  C, 
35  n.  w.  Edenton,  155  n.  e.  by  e.  Raleigh,  227 
W.  Situated  on  the  s.  w.  side  of  Chowan  r.,  2 
ms.  below  the  junction  of  Nottaway  and  Meher- 
rin  rivers,  which  form  it.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  and  100  inhabitants. 

Winyaw,  bay,  S.  C,  sets  up  14  ms.  from  the 
Atlantic  at  Georgetown  entrance,  and  is  2  ms. 
broad.  It  receives  Great  Pedee,  Black,  and  Wac- 
camaw  rivers,  of  which  it  is  the  estuary.  Ves- 
sels of  a  large  class  navigate  to  Georgetown. 


Wiota,  p-v.,  Iowa  co.,  Wis.,  75  n.  Madison, 
861  W. 

Wire  Town,  p-v.,  Monmouth  co.,  N.  J.,  51  e. 
Trenton,  210  W. 

Wirt,  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y.  Surface  high 
and  undulating ;  soil,  sandy  loam.  Drained  by 
Little  Genesee  creek.  It  has  1  tannery,  1  grist 
m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $9,200.  1  sch. 
36  scholars.     Pop.  1,207. 

Wirt's  Seminary,  p-o.,  Sumner  co.,  Tenn., 
38  n.  e.  Nashville,  655  W.  The  v.  contains  50 
inhabitants. 

Wiscasset,  p-t.,  port  of  entry  and  one  of  the 
capitals  of  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  27  s.  s.  e.  Augusta, 
588  W.  It  has  a  fine  harbor  at  the  mouth  of 
Sheepscot  r.,  sufficient  for  vessels  of  the  largest 
class,  and  is  not  often  obstructed  by  ice.  Its  nav- 
igation is  extensive,  engaged  in  the  foreign  and 
coasting  trade,  and  the  fisheries.  Ship  building 
is  a  considerable  business.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  several  churches,  a  number  of  stores,  a 
printing  office  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper,  and 
many  large  and  handsome  dwellings.  During 
the  prosperous  days  of  commerce  it  advanced 
greatly  in  wealth,  but  has  not  increased  so  rapid- 
ly since,  though  it  is  still  flourishing.  It  is  one 
of  the  most  important  seaports  of  the  state.  There 
are  in  the  t.  5  commercial  houses,  cap.  $103,600 ; 
21  stores,  cap.  $27,800 ;  1  furnace,  2  tanneries,  1 
pottery,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$71,150.    8  sch.  983  scholars.    Pop.  2,314. 

Wisconisco,  t.,  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.  It  has  1 
store,  cap.  $3,000 ;  1  forge,  1  tannery,  1  flouring 
m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,500.  4  sch. 
170  scholars.    Pop.  489. 


WISCONSIN. 

Wisconsin  is  bounded  n.  by  the  British  possessions ;  n.  e.  by  Montreal  and  Menomonee  rivers, 
and  a  line  connecting  their  sources,  separating  it  from  northern  Michigan  ;  e.  by  Lake  Michigan, 
separating  it  from  Michigan  proper  ;  s.  by  Illinois  ;  and  w.  by  the  Mississippi,  separating  it  from 
Iowa  ter.  It  is  between  42°  30'  and  49°  30'  k.  lat.,  and  between  86°  50'  and  96°  w.  long. ;  being 
600  miles  long  and  150  broad.  It  contains  about  90,000  square  miles,  or  57,600,000  acres.  It  con- 
tained in  1840,  30,945  inhabitants:  of  these  18,757  were  white  males;  11,992  do.  females;  101 
were  colored  males ;  84  do.  females.  Employed  in  agriculture,  7,047 ;  in  commerce,  479 ;  in 
manufactures  and  trades,  1,814;  in  mining,  794;  navigating  the  ocean,  rivers,  lakes,  &c,  223; 
learned  professions,  &c,  259. 

It  is  divided  into  22  counties,  which,  with  their  population  in  1840,  and  their  capitals,  were  as 
follows :  Brown,  2,107,  Green  Bay ;  Calumet,  275,  Calumet ;  Crawford,  1,502,  Prairie  du 
Chien ;  Dane,  314,  Madison ;  Dodge,  67,  Dodge  C.  H. ;  Fond  du  Lac,  139,  Fond  du  Lac  ;  Grant, 
3,926,  Lancaster;  Green,  933,  Monroe;  Iowa,  3,978,  Mineral  Point;  Jefferson,  914,  Jefferson  ; 
Manitouwoc,  235,  Manitouwoc;  Marquette,  18,  Marquette;  Milwaukee,  5,605,  Milwaukie; 
Portage,  1,623,  Fort  Winnebago ;  Racine,  3,475,  Racine ;  Rock,  1,701,  Rockport ;  St.  Croix, 
809,  St.  Croix  C.  H. ;  Sauk,  102,  Prairie  du  Sac ;  Sheboygan,  133,  Sheboygan ;  Walworth, 
2,611,  Elkhorn  ;  Washington,  343,  Washington;  Winnebago,  135,  Oshkosh. 

Madison,  between  the  third  and  fourth  of  the  4  lakes  which  discharge  their  waters  info  Rock 
river,  in  Dane  county,  is  the  seat  of  government. 

The  surveyed  part,  south  of  Green  Bay,  Fox,  and  Wisconsin  rivers,  is  composed  of  timbered  and 
prairie  lands,  with  some  swamps  or  wet  prairies,  having  a  vegetable  soil  of  from  1  to  10  feet  deep. 
North  of  the  Wisconsin  commences  a  hilly  region,  swelling  as  it  proceeds  north  into  a  mountainous 
country,  with  a  rugged  and  broken  surface,  creating  many  rapids  and  falls  in  the  streams,  and 
affording  many  wild  and  picturesque  views.  Near  the  sources  of  the  Mississippi  is  an  elevated 
table  land,  abounding  with  lakes  and  swamps,  in  which  fish  are  abundant  and  wild  rice  grows. 
Bordering  on  the  Mississippi  and  Wisconsin  rivers  the  soil  is  rich,  and  the  surface  is  generally 
covered  with  a  heavy  growth  of  timber.  The  white  pine  is  found  on  the  Upper  Mississippi.  All 
the  productions  common  in  this  latitude  can  be  cultivated  with  success,  and  the  great  range  of  pas- 
turage on  the  prairies,  renders  the  country  peculiarly  favorable  for  raising  cattle. 

In  1840  there  were  in  this  territory  5,735  horses  and  mules ;  30,269  neat  cattle  ;  3,462  sheep ;  51,383 
swine;  value  of  poultry  produced  $16,167.    There  were  produced  212,116  bushels  of  wheat; 


WOB 


737 


WOL 


11,062  of  barley;  406,514  of  oats;  1,965  of  rye  ;  10,654  of  buckwheat ;  379,369  of  Indian  com; 
419,608  of  potatoes ;  6,777  pounds  of  wool ;  1,474  do.  of  wax;  135,288  do.  of  Migar.  The  pro- 
ducts of  the  dairy  were  valued  at  $35,677. 

The  southwestern  part,  of  Wisconsin  is  exceedingly  rich  as  a  mineral  region,  which  extends  into 
Illinois  and  Iowa.  Lead  ore,  yielding  75  per  cent,  of  metal,  is  abundant ;  and  copper  ore  is  also 
extensively  found.  The  former  has  long  been,  and  the  latter  is  beginning  to  be  wrought.  Iron 
ore  also  exists. 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  Mississippi,  washing  its  western  border;  the  Wisconsin,  500  miles 
long,  a  large  tributary  of  the  Mississippi ;  Chippeway  river,  which  enters  the  Mississippi  further  n. 
w.,  and  is  a  large  river  ;  Rock  river,  which  rises  and  runs  partly  in  this  state ;  Neenah  or  Fox  tint, 
which  passes  so  near  the  Wisconsin  that  in  time  of  high  water  the  country  between  them  is  often 
overflowed,  and  can  be  passed  in  boats,  passes  through  Lake  Winnebago,  and  enters  Green  bay  : 
though  obstructed  by  rapids,  boats  pass  up  it  180  miles. 

There  are  many  lakes  and  ponds  in  this  state,  particularly  in  its  northern  parts.  The  4  lakes 
near  Madison,  are  pleasant  sheets  of  water.  Winnebago  lake  is  24  miles  long  and  10  broad,  and 
lias  an  outlet  to  Green  bay.  Green  bay  is  a  branch  of  Lake  Michigan,  and  is  partly  in  this  terri- 
tory ;  and  Lake  Michigan  bounds  it  on  the  K. 

The  most  important  place  in  this  state  is  Milwaukie,  on  Lake  Michigan.  It  is  extensively  visited 
by  steamboats,  and  is  an  important  commercial  centre.  It  is  the  only  good  harbor  between  Chi- 
cago and  Green  bay.  Green  Bay  is  near  the  mouth  of  Neenah  or  Fox  river,  at  the  head  of  Green 
bay,  and  has  a  good  harbor  and  an  extensive  trade.  Racine  and  Sheboygan  on  Lake  Michigan, 
and  Prairie  du  Chien  on  the  Mississippi,  just  above  the  mouth  of  the  Wisconsin,  are  considerable 
places. 

There  were  in  this  territory  in  1840,  1  commercial  and  7  commission  houses  engaged  in  foreign 
trade,  with  a  capital  of  $63,000 ;  178  retail  drygoods  and  other  stores,  with  a  cap.  of  $661,550;  133 
persons  employed  in  the  lumber  trade,  with  a  cap.  of  $21,180 ;  62  persons  engaged  in  internal 
transportation,  who,  with  3  butchers,  packers,  &c,  employed  a  capital  of  $14,100. 

The  amount  of  home-made  or  family  manufactures  was  $12,567.  There  were  1  furnace,  cap. 
$4,000 ;  49  smelting  houses  produced  15,129,350  pounds  of  lead,  employing  220  persons,  with  a  cap. 
of  $664,600 ;  3  distilleries  and  3  breweries  employed  a  cap.  of  $14,400  ;  4  flouring  m.,  29  grist  m., 
124  saw  m.,  cap.  $561,650 ;  7  brick,  509  wooden  houses  were  built,  and  cost  $212,085 ;  6  printing 
offices  and  6  weekly  newspapers  employed  a  capital  of  $10,300.  Total  capital  in  manufactures 
$635,926. 

No  college  has  been  established  in  this  territory.  There  were  in  1840,  2  academies,  with  65 
students ;  and  77  common  and  primary  schools,  with  1,937  scholars. 

In  Jan.,  1840,  this  territory  had  1  bank,  with  a  capital  of  $100,000,  and  a  circulation  of  $109,185. 

The  government  was  organized  in  1836.  The  governor  is  appointed  by  the  president  of  the 
United  States,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  senate,  and  is  ex-officio  superintendent  of  In- 
dian affairs.  The  legislative  assembly  consists  of  a  council  of  13  members,  elected  for  4  years  ; 
and  a  house  of  representatives  of  26  members,  elected  for  2  years.  Their  pay  is  3  dollars  a  day, 
and  3  dollars  for  every  20  miles  travel.  The  Congress  of  the  United  States  have  appropriated 
$20,000  for  the  erection  of  public  buildings,  and  $5,000  for  a  library. 

This  territory  has  a  few  works  of  internal  improvement.  The  United  States  commenced,  in 
1838,  the  Portage  canal,  H  miles  long,  to  connect  the  Wisconsin  and  Fox  rivers,  which  completes 
a  steamboat  navigation  from  Lake  Michigan  to  the  Mississippi.  The  Milwaukie  and  Rock  River 
canal,  60  miles  in  length,  to  connect  Rock  river  with  Lake  Michigan,  is  in  progress. 


Wiseman's,  p-o.,  Boone  co.,  Mo. 

Wisenburg,  p-v.,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa. 

Witchers  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Smith  co., 
Tenn.,  64  E.  Nashville,  650  W. 

Withamsville,  p-v.,  Union  t,  Clermont  co., 
O.,  128  s.  w.  Columbus,  499  W.  Situated  3  ms. 
n  of  Ohio  r.,  and  contains  2  stores,  1  steam  flour- 
ing ra.,  and  about  250  inhabitants. 

Wittenberg's,  p-o.,  Caldwell  co.,  N.  C,  179 
w.  Raleigh,  416  W. 

Witten's,  p-o.,  Jackson  t.,  Monroe  co.,  O., 
136  e.  Columbus,  269  W. 

Woburn,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  10  n.  w. 
by  w.  Boston,  450  W.  Drained  by  Mystic  r., 
into  which  Horn  pond,  a  considerable  body  of 
water  in  its  centre,  flows.  There  are  2  other 
ponds,  all  well  stored  with  fish.  Incorporated  in 
1642.  The  Middlesex  canal  and  the  Boston  and 
Lowell  railroad  pass  through  it.  The  v.,  situ- 
ated near  the  canal,  contains  4  churches — 1  Con- 
93 


gregational,  2  Baptist,  and  1  Uniyersalist— an 
academy,  several  stores  and  mechanic  shops,  and 
about  75  dwellings.  Horn  pond,  in  the  vicinity, 
is  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water,  containing  a  small 
but  picturesque  island.  There  are  in  the  t.  12 
stores,  cap.  $29,300 ;  14  forges,  7  tanneries,  1 
bindery,  2  grist  m.,  26  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$197,418.  1  acad.  110  students,  9  sch.  120  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  2,993. 

Wolcott,  p-t,  Lamoille  co.,  Vt.,  23  n.  Mont- 
pelier,  539  W.  Watered  by  Lamoille  r.  and  its 
brunches,  which  afford  water  power.  Chartered 
in  1780.  The  soil  is  adapted  to  grazing  and  to 
grain,  and  is  moderately  fertile.  It  has  1  store, 
cap.  $6,000 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  tannery-,  1  grist  ra.,  5 
8a w  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $7,400.  11  sch.  299 
scholars.     Pop.  910. 

Wolcott,  p-t.,  New  Haven  co.,  Ct.,  54  s. 
Hartford,  320  W.  Drained  by  Mad  r.,  a  branch 
of  Naugatuck  r.    The  surface  is  hilly,  mountain- 


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cus,  and  rough ;  soil,  gravelly  loam.  A  hill  in 
the  n.  e.  part  presents  an  extensive  prospect, 
reaching  to  Long  Island  sound.  It  contains  a 
Congregational  and  an  Episcopal  church.  It  has 
2  stores,  cap.  $1,100;  I  lulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  1 
distillery,  1  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$11,390.     6  sen.  127  scholars.     Pop.  633. 

Wolcott,  p-t.,  Wayne  co.,  N.  Y.,  180  \v.  by 
N.  Albany,  360  W.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil, 
sandy  and  gravelly  loam.  Drained  by  small 
streams  flowing  into  Lake  Ontario,  which  bounds 
it  on  the  n.  The  v.  is  situated  on  Ridge  road, 
and  contains  3  churches — 1  Presbyterian,  1  Me- 
thodist, and  1  Universalis!: — 8  stores,  1  grist  m.,  2 
saw  m.,  100  dwellings,  and  about  600  inhabitants. 
There  are  in  the  t.  8  stores,  cap.  $46,000  ;  1  full- 
ing m.,  1  furnace,  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  12  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $6,300.  2  acad.  97  stu- 
dents, 13  sch.  750  scholars.     Pop.  2,481. 

Wolcottsville,  p-v.,  Torrington  t.,  Litch- 
field co.,  Ct.,  26  w.  Hartford,  333  W.  Situated 
at  the  junction  of  2  branches  of  Naugatuck  or  Wa- 
terbury  r.  It  contains  a  Congregational  church, 
an  academy,  in  which  religious  worship  is  held, 
4  stores,  1  woollen  fac,  and  about  40  dwellings. 

Wolfsborough,  p-t.,  Carroll  co.,  N.  H.,  39 
N.  N.  w.  Concord,  520  W.  The  surface  is  level ; 
soil,  rocky,  but  fertile.  Drained  by  Smith's 
river  flowing  into  Winnipiseogee  lake,  which 
bounds  it  on  the  s.  w.  Smith  s  pond  lies  in  its 
s.  part.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $18,800;  2  full- 
ing m.,  1  woollen  fac,  5  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  16 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $31,975.  1  acad.  95 
students,  15  sch.  736  scholars.     Pop.  1,918. 

Wolf  Creek,  t.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  10  s.  E. 
Mercer  b.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  clay  and 
loam.  Drained  by  Wolf  cr.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $5,300  ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  tanneries,  4  grist  m., 
4  saw  m.,  11  sch.  442  scholars.     Pop.  1,732. 

Wolf  Creek,  p-o.,  Pickens  dist.,  S.  C,  159 
w.  N.  w.  Columbia,  524  W. 

Wolf  Creek,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  O.,  66  E.  Co- 
lumbus, 337  W. 

Wolf  Creek,  p-o.,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  67  s. 
w.  Detroit,  513  W. 

Wolf  Grove,  p-o.,  McDonough  co.,  111.,  93  n. 
w.  Springfield,  848  W. 

Wolf  Island,  t.,  Scott  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  534. 

Wolf  Lake,  p-o.,  Noble  co.,  la.,  160  n.  In- 
dianapolis, 673  W. 

Wolf  River,  p-o.,  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  186  w. 
s.  w.  Nashville,  871  W. 

Wolf  Run,  p-o.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa. 

Wolfsville,  p-o.,  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  93  n. 
w.  Annapolis,  61  W. 

Wolfsville,  p-v.,  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.  C, 
178  w.  s.  w.  Raleigh,  417  W. 

Wolverton,  p-v.,  McMinn  co.,  Tenn.,  185  e. 
s.  E.  Nashville,  562  W. 

Womack's,  p-o.,  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  116  s.  s.  E. 
Tuscaloosa,  891  W. 

Womelsdorf,  p-b.,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  14  w. 
Reading,  33  e.  Harrisburg,  151  W.  It  contains 
a  church,  common  to  Presbyterians  and  Luther- 
ans ;  5  stores,  cap.  $28,500 ;  1  tannery,  1  distil- 
lery, 1  flouring  m.,  4  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $4,443.  Pop.  849.  It  is  inhabited 
cniefly  by  Germans,  and  the  country  around  is 
fertile  and  well  cultivated. 

Wonasquatocket,  r.,  Providence  co.,  R.  I., 
is  a  valuable  mill  stream,  which  flows  into  Pro- 
vidence cove,  and  affords  water  power  for  many 
manufacturing  establishments. 

Wood,  cr.,  Oneida  co.,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Rome, 
and  flows  into  the  e.  end  of  Oneida  lake.  It  is  a 
deep  and  sluggish  stream,  formerly  used,  by  a 
short  portage,  to  connect  the  Mohawk  river  with 


Lake  Ontario.  It  is  now  used  as  a  part  of  Oneida 
Lake  canal,  and,  in  connection  with  Oneida  lake 
and  river,  connects  the  Erie  canal,  in  Oneida  co.* 
with  the  Oswego  canal. 

Wood,  cr.,  Washington  co.,  N.  Y.,  flows  N. 
into  the  s.  end  of  Lake  Champlain,  and  affords 
water  power.  Through  a  considerable  portion 
of  its  length  it  is  used  as  a  part  of  the  Champlain 
canal. 

Wood,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  K.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,223  square  miles. 
Ohio  r.  bounds  it  on  the  n.  w.  Drained  by  Lit- 
tle Kanawha  river  and  its  numerous  branches. 
The  surface  is  very  much  broken ;  soil,  fertile. 
Capital,  Parkersburg.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  7,601,  sheep  13,885,  swine  12,462 ;  wheat 
71,339  bushels  produced,  Ind.  corn  203,637,  buck- 
wheat 1,178,  oats  85,199,  potatoes  21,491,  tobacco 
87,091  pounds,  sugar  5,844;  25  stores,  cap. 
$99,290 ;  4  tanneries,  4  flouring  m.,  10  grist  m., 
21  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $17,250.  4  acad. 
319  students,  13  sch.  307  scholars.  Pop.  whites, 
7,243,  slaves  624,  free  colored  56  ;  total,  7,923. 

Wood,  county,  O.    Situated  toward  the  n.  w. 

Sart  of  the  state,  and  contains  590  square  miles, 
lounded  on  the  n.  w.  by  Maumee  r.,  up  which 
vessels  requiring  6  feet  of  water  pass  to  Perrys- 
burg,  12  miles  from  its  entrance  into  Maumee 
bay,  and  18  miles  from  Lake  Erie.  Drained  by 
Portage  r.  and  its  branches.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level,  having  a  gentle  descent  toward  the 
lake ;  soil,  alluvial  and  very  fertile.  It  contains 
a  large  portion  of  the  "  Black  Swamp,"  now  un- 
healthy, but  capable  of  being  drained  and  made 
very  productive.  Capital,  Perrysburg.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  6,497,  sheep  2,790, 
swine  10,624;  wheat  29,004  bushels  produced, 
rye  1,522,  Indian  corn  112,508,  buckwheat  4,150, 
oats  39,469,  potatoes  54,250,  tobacco  2,049  lbs., 
sugar  42,175;  12  stores,  cap.  $25,920  ;  1  tannery, 
4  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $31,478.  27  sch.  717  scholars.  Pop. 
5,357. 

Woodwardville,  p-v.,  Marengo  co,  Ala.,  104 
s.  by  w.  Tuscaloosa,  916  W. 

Woodbine,  p-o.,  Carroll  co.,  Md-.,  60  n.  n.  w. 
Annapolis,  65  W. 

Woodbourne,  p-v.,  Fallsburg  t.,  Sullivan  co., 
N.  Y.,  103  s.  w.  Albany,  308  W.  It  contains  1 
Dutch  Reformed  church,  1  store,  1  tannery,  and 
about  10  dwellings. 

Woodbourne,  p-v.,  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  202  e. 
Nashville,  480  W. 

Woodbridge,  t,  New  Haven  co.,  Ct.,  6  n.  w. 
New  Haven.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  gravel- 
ly loam,  adapted  to  grazing.  On  the  e.  side  is  a 
range  of  mountains,  which  may  be  regarded  as 
the  commencement  of  the  Green  Mountain  range, 
terminating  at  West  Rock,  a  bold  precipice,  near 
N.  Haven.  Drained  by  West  r.  Two  of  the  regi- 
cide judges  of  Charles  I.,  Goffe  and  Whalley, 
resided  here  in  concealment,  in  the  year  1661, 
at  a  place  which  they  named  Hatchet  Harbor, 
so  called  to  the  present  time.  It  has  2  stores, 
cap.  $2,200 ;  2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $9,200.    5  sch.  266  scholars.     Pop.  958. 

Woodbridge,  p-t.,  Middlesex  co.,  N.  J.,  43  n. 
e.  Trenton,  209  W.  The  surface  is  level ;  soil, 
red  shale,  and  well  cultivated.  Drained  by 
Rahway  r.  Chartered  about  1630.  It  contains 
a  part  of  Rahway  v.  The  v.  of  Woodbury,  3 
ms.  s.  Rahway,  contains  1  church,  3  stores,  and 
about  30  dwellings.  The  t.  contained  120  fami- 
lies in  1682.  It  has  22  stores,  cap.  $49,900 ;  2 
lumber  yards,  cap.  $9,000  ;  1  cotton  m.,  1  acad  43 
students,  16  sch.  491  scholars.    Pop.  4,821. 


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Woodbridge,  t.,  Hillsilale  co.,  Mich.     It  has 

1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manuf'ac.  $1,000.  1  sell.  21 
scholars.     Pop.  226. 

Woodburn,  p-v.,  Macoupin  co.,  111.,  12  N.  by 
E.  Alton,  63  s.  by  w.  Springfield,  803  W. 

Wooi)iiuRv,p-t.,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct.,.")!)\v.  Hart- 
ford, 398  W.  '1'ho  surface  is  mostly  uneven  : 
soil,  warm  and  fertile.  Drained  by  Pomperaue 
r.  and  its  branches.  It  contains  1  churches— 2 
Congregational,  1  Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist. 
The  v.  is  pleasantly  situated  in  a  valley,  chiefly 
on  one  extended  street,  near  the  junction  of  iNon- 
newog,  Wecopema,  and  Sprane  tranche's,  which 
form  Pomperaug  r.,  and  afford  water  power.  It 
contains  3  churches,  several  stores,  and  about  80 
dwellings,  some  of  them  neat  and  tasteful.  There 
are  in  the  t.  8  stores,  cap.  $76,000 ;  3  fulling  m., 

2  woollen  fac,  3  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $23,650.  12  sell.  327  scholars. 
Pop.  1,948. 

Woodbury,  v.,  Oyster  Pay  t.,  Queens  co.,  N. 
V.  It  is  a  scattered  settlement  on  the  Jerico 
turnpike,  surrounded  by  a  well  cultivated  country. 

W  oodbhry,  p-v.,  capital  of  Gloucester  co.,  N. 
J.,  37  s.  s.  w.  Trenton,  148  W.  Situated  at  the 
head  of  navigation,  on  Woodbury  cr.,  a  branch 
of  Delaware  r.  It  contains  a  spacious  court 
house,  and  fire-proof  county  offices,  all  of  hrick, 
a  jail  of  stone,  3  churches— 1  Presbyterian,  1 
Methodist,  and  1  Friends — an  academy,  2  public 
libraries,  10  stores,  over  100  dwellings,  and  about 
800  inhabitants.  The  corporate  limits  are  1  m. 
long  and  half  a  m.  wide,  within  which  a  fire  en- 
gine is  maintained,  and  8  public  wells  have  been 
sunk  for  its  use. 

Woodbury,  t.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.  It  has  3 
stores,  cap.  $9,000;  1  fulling  m.,  3  furnaces,  2 
forges,  2  tanneries,  3  distilleries,  1  pottery,  1  flour- 
ing m.,  5  grist  m.,  13  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$-i?..">60.     5  sch.  146  scholars.     Pop.  2,102. 

Woodburv,  p-t.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  113  w.  Har- 
rishurg,  139  W.  The  surface  consists  of  moun- 
tains and  valleys ;  soil,  calcareous  loam,  slate, 
and  gravel.  Drained  by  Yellow  cr.  and  its 
branches,  and  the  Frankstown  branch  of  Juniata 
r.  Iron  ore  is  found.  It  has  11  stores,  capital 
$36,000;  4  furnaces,  1  tannery,  4  potteries,  8 
flouring  m.,  1 1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $41,840. 
1  acad.  33  students,  8  sch.  247  scholars.  Pop. 
3.914. 
'  Woodbury,  p-v.,  Wood  co.,  O.,  105  n.  n.  w. 
Columbus,  461  W. 

Woodbury,  p-v.,  Madison  co.,  la.,  22  n.  e.  In- 
dianapolis, 567  W. 

Woodbury,  p-v.,  Coles  co.,  III.,  104  e.  s.  e. 
Springfield,  696  W.  Situated  on  the  national 
road,  and  contains  8  or  10  dwellings. 

Woodbury,  p-v.,  capital  of  Cannon  co.,  Tenn., 
54  Nashville,  645  W.  Situated  on  a  branch  of 
Stone's  cr.,  which  flows  into  Cumberland  jr.  It 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and  about  150  in- 
habitants. 

Woodbury,  p-o.,  Pulaski  co.,  Mo.,  125  s.  Jef- 
ferson City,  1,040. 

Woodcock,  p-t.,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  213  n.  w. 
Harrisburg,  315  W.1  Drained  by  Woodcock  cr. 
It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $9,000 ;  2  fulling  m.,  3  tan- 
neries, 2  distilleries,  1  brewery,  1  paper  fac,  1 
flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  10  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $35,990.    Pop.  1,921. 

Woodcock  Valley,  p-o.,  Hopewell  t.,  Hun- 
tingdon co.,  Pa.,  98  w.  Harrisburg,  157  W.  The 
valley  is  between  Allegripus  mt.  e.  and  Tussey's 
mt.  w. 

Woodford,  county,  Ky.  Situated  n.  e.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  154  sq.  ras. 
Bounded  w.  by  Kentucky  r.,  by  brunches  of 


which   it   is   drained.     The   Boil    is   very   fertile. 
Capital,    Vorsadlrs.     There    WON    in    1840,  neat 

cattle  9,633,  ibttp  16,222,  swine  81,852;  wheat 

93,591    hush,    produced,  rye  35,681,   Indian  OOTTJ 

643,735,  oats    109,502,  potatoes    I5J845,  tobacco 
13360  pounds,  sugar  1.1 1" ;  ii  commission  h 

-<-.\7<>(>;  2?  stores,  cap.  8100,700;  1  cotton 
fee,  850  sp.,  3  tanneries,  12  distilleries,  2')  lloiir- 
ing  in.,  29  grist  in.,  19  .-aw  in.  <  'ap.  in  iiianul'ac. 
$179,187.  4  acad.  10-1  students,  I  sch.  94  scho- 
lars. Pop.  whites  5,816,  slaves  5,752,  free  col'd 
172;  total,  11,710. 

Woodford,  county,  111.  Situated  n.  of  the 
centre  of  the  state,  and  contains  470  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  Mackinaw  r.,  a  branch  of  Illinois  r. 
Capital,  Woodford. 

Woodford,  p-t.,  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  121  >•. 
Montpelier,  411  W.  Situated  on  the  Green 
mountain  range,  with  an  elevated  and  broken 
surface  ;  much  of  the  soil  is  incapable  of  cultiva- 
tion. Watered  by  head  branches  of  Wal  loom- 
sack  and  Deerfield  rivers,  issuing  from  ponds  in 
the  t.,  one  of  wliich  contains  100  acres.  Tho 
turnpike  across  the  Green  mountain,  from  Ben- 
nington to  Brattlcboro,  passes  through  the  s.  part 
of  the  t.  It  has  1  congregation  of  Congiegatioj*- 
alists  and  1  of  Methodists.  It  has  4  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufactures  $1,000.  2  sch.  46  scholars. 
Pop.  487. 

Woodford,  p-v.,  Woodford  co.,  III.,  81  Spring- 
field, 774  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of  Macki- 
naw r.,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and  a  few 
dwellings. 

Wood  Grove,  p-o.,  Rowan  co.,  N.  C,  128  w. 
Raleigh,  365  W. 

Wood  Grove,  p-o.,  Morgan  co.,  O.,  84  E.  Co- 
lumbus, 319  W. 

Wood  House,  p-o.,  Meriwether  co.,  Ga.,  94 
w.  Milledgeville,  714  W. 

Woodhull,  p-t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.,  239  w. 
by  s.  Albany,  295  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  ; 
soil,  clay  and  sandy  loam,  not  very  fertile. 
Drained  by  Tuscarora  cr.  It  has  19  stores,  cap 
$47,150 ;  1  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $1,650.  9 
sch.  305  scholars.     Pop.  827. 

Woodhull,  t.,  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.  It  has  1 
saw  ra.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,100.  1  sch.  17 
scholars.    Pop.  147. 

Woodland,  p-v.,  Hamilton  co.,  Flor. 

Woodland,  p-v.,  East  Feliciana  par.,  La.,  122 
N.  w.  New  Orleans,  1,140  W. 

Woodlands,  p-o.,  Marshall  co.,  Va.,  340  n.  W. 
Richmond,  278  W. 

Woodlawn,  p-o.,  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  198  e. 
Richmond,  192  W. 

Woodlawn,  p-v.,  Lincoln  co.,  N.  C,  173  w. 
by  s.  Raleigh,  412  W. 

.Woodlawn,  p-v.,  Edgefield  dist.,  S.  C,  93  w. 
Columbia,  580  W. 

Woodlawn,  p-o.,  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  84  s.  Tus- 
caloosa, 831  W. 

Woodruff's,  p-o.,  Spartanburg  dist.,  S.  C,  96 
N.  w.  Columbia,  491  W. 

Woodsborough,  p-v.,  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  85 
N.  w.  Annapolis,  54  W.  It  contains  about  100 
inhabitants. 

Woodsboro',  p-o.,  Shelby  co.,  Ala.,  64  e.  lus- 
caloosa,  783  W.  '     „    _ 

Woods  Dale,  p-o.,  Person  co.,  N.  C,  62  n. 
Raleigh,  242  W. 

Wood's  Ferry,  p-o.,  Greene  co.,  lenn.,  247 
e.  Nashville,  450  W. 

Woodsfield,  p-v.,  Centre  t.,  capital  of  Mon- 
roe co.,  O.,  117  e.  Columbus,  283  W.  Situated 
on  elevated  ground,  18  ms.  from  Ohio  r.  It  con- 
tains an  eleganl  court  house,  jail,  1  church.  3 
store*,  a  printing  office,  50  dwellings,  and  about 


woo 


740 


WOO 


300  inhabitants.     A  circular  hill  in  its  n.  part  60 
feet  high,  affords  an  extensive  prospect. 

Wood's  Hill,  p-o.,  Roane  co.,  Tenn.,  162  e. 
by  s.  Nashville,  519  W. 

Wood's  Hole,  p-v.,  Falmouth  t,  Barnstable 
co.,  Mass.,  79  s.  Boston,  461  W.  Situated  in  the 
extreme  s.  w.  part  of  the  t.  It  has  a  good  harbor, 
and  ships  of  the  largest  class  come  to  its  wharves. 
It  is  protected  by  islands  on  the  s.  and  w.  It 
contains  an  Episcopal  church. 

Woodsonville,  p-v.,  Hart  co.,  Ky.  Situated 
on  the  s.  side  of  Green  r.,  opposite  to  Mumfbrds- 
ville,  the  capital  of  the  co. 

Wood's  Station,  p-o.,  Walker  co.,  Ga.,  214 
N.  w.  Milledgeville,  623  W. 

Woodstock,  p-t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  49  w.  Au- 
gusta, 603  W.  The  surface  is  partly  mountain- 
ous, and  partly  undulating,  with  considerable 
fertile  soil,  adapted  to  grain.  Drained  by  a 
branch  of  Little  Androscoggin  r.,  issuing  from  a 
pond  a  little  E.  of  the  centre,  which  affords  wa- 
ter power.  Incorporated  in  1829.  It  has  3  stores, 
cap.  $900 ;  10  sch.  346  scholars.     Pop.  819. 

Woodstock,  p-t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.,  57  n. 
Concord,  532  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous, 
containing  Blue  mt.,  Cushman's  mt.,  and  Black 
mt.,  the  latter  on  its  n.  boundary.  Drained  by 
a  tributary  of  Pemigewasset  r.  First  settled 
about  1773.  It  was  formerly  called  Peeling.  It 
has  2  grist  m.,  4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,230. 
6  sch.  170  scholars.    Pop.  472. 

Woodstock,  p-t.,  capital  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt., 
51  s.  Montpelier,  485  W.  The  surface  is  pleas- 
antly diversified ;  soil,  fertile.  Drained  by  Otta 
Queechee  r.  and  its  branches,  and  by  Beaver 
brook,  all  of  which  afford  water  power.  It  con- 
tains 2  villages.  The  n.  or  main  v.  is  one  of  the 
largest  in  the  co.,  built  around  a  beautiful  public 
green.  It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  5  churches 
— 1  Congregational,  1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist,  1 
Christian,  and  1  Universalist— the  Vermont  med- 
ical college,  20  stores,  2  printing  offices,  325 
dwellings,  and  1,400  inhabitants.  The  s.  village 
is  5  ms.  s.  of  the  court  house,  and  contains  1 
church,  2  stores,  and  a  number  of  mechanic 
shops.  There  are  in  the  t.  12  stores,  cap. 
$58,500  ;  1  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  3  tanneries, 
2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  newspapers,  3  grist 
m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $127,505.  1  acad. 
25  students,  16  sch.  1,042  scholars.     Pop.  3,315. 

Woodstock,  p-t.,  Windham  co.,  Ct.,  43  e.  n. 
e.  Hartford,  379  W.  The  surface  is  hilly,  but 
generally  arable  ;  soil,  a  fertile  gravelly  loam. 
Drained  by  Muddy  brook  and  its  branches,  a 
branch  of  "Quinnebaug  r.,  and  by  a  branch  of 
Natchaug  r.  The  first  affords  good  water  power. 
It  contains  6  churches — 3  Congregational,  2  Bap- 
tist, and  1  Methodist.  It  contains  Old  Wood- 
stock, and  2  other  villages.  Old  Woodstock  con- 
tains a  Congregational  church,  an  academy,  and 
a  number  of  dwellings  on  a  fine  public  green. 
The  ground  is  elevated  and  the  prospect  exten- 
sive. West  Woodstock  contains  a  Congregation- 
al church.  North  Woodstock,  or  Muddy  Brook, 
in  the  n.  w.  part,  on  a  stream  of  that  name,  is 
the  most  compact  part  of  the  t.,  and  contains  2 
Congregational  churches,  and  1  Methodist  in  the 
vicinity,  and  presents  a  handsome  appearance. 
There  are  in  the  t.  16  stores,  cap.  $33,000;  2 
fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  3  cotton  fac.  3,292  sp., 
3  acad.  95  students,  20  sch.  909  scholars.  Pop. 
3,053. 

Woodstock,  p-t.,  Ulster  co.,  N.  Y.,  69-s.  Al- 
bany. 328  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous, 
lying  on  Catskill  mountains  ;  soil,  gravel,  clay, 
and  loam.  Drained  by  Saghkill  and  other  creeks, 
tributaries  of  Esopus  cr.    The   v.  contains   2 


churches,  2  stores,  1  tannery,  and  20  dwellings. 
Bristol  Glass  Works  is  a  manufacturing  v.  There 
are  in  the  t.  2  stores,  cap.  $20,000  ;  1  tannery,  1 
glass  house,  1  glass  cutting  establishment,  2 
grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $35,295. 
7  sch.  372  scholars.    Pop.  1,691. 

Woodstock,  p-v.,  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  50 
N.  w.  Annapolis,  55  W. 

Woodstock,  p-v.,  capital  of  Shenandoah  co., 
Va.,  150  n.n.  w.  Richmond,  104  W.  Situated  on 
the  w.  side  of  the  N.  fork  of  Shenandoah  r.,  about 
1  m.  from  its  bank.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  county  offices,  a  masonic  hall,  an  academy, 
3  churches — 1  Lutheran,  1  German  Reformed,  1 
Methodist — a  number  of  stores,  125  dwellings, 
and  about  1,000  inhabitants. 

Woodstock,  p-v.,  Cherokee  co.,  Ga.,  125  n. 
n.  w.  Milledgeville,  683  W.  Situated  on  the  s. 
side  of  Little  r.,  a  branch  of  Etowah  r. 

Woodstock,  p-v.,  Rush  t.,  Champaign  co., 
O.,  13  n.  e.  Urbanna,  37  n.  w.  Columbus,  430 
W.     It  contains  1  store,  and  8  or  10  dwellings. 

Woodstock,  p-t.,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  73  w. 
s.  w.  Detroit,  533  W.  Drained  by  head  branch- 
es of  Raisin  r.  It  has  a  number  of  ponds,  and  a 
considerable  lake  on  its  s.  border.  It  has  4  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,750.  3  sch.  80  schol- 
ars.   Pop.  674. 

Woodstown,  p-v.,  Pilesgrove  t.,  Salem  co., 
N.  J.,  53  s.  Trenton,  164  W.  Situated  on  the  n. 
fork  of  Salem  cr.,  and  contains  3  churches — 1 
Baptist,  1  Friends,  and  1  African  Methodist — 6 
stores,  150  dwellings,  and  about  700  inhabitants. 
In  the  neighborhood  are  valuable  marl  beds. 

Woodsville,  p-v.,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass. 

Woodsville,  p-v.,  Hopewell  t.,  Mercer  co.,  N. 
J.,  10  s.Flemington,  13  n.  Trenton,  179  W.  It 
has  an  elevated  situation,  commanding  a  fine 
prospect,  and  contains  1  store,  and  8  or  10  dwell- 
ings. The  surrounding  country  is  well  cultivated. 

Woodville,  p-v.,  Litchfield  co.,  Ct.,  39  w. 
Hartford,  320  W. 

Woodville,  p-v.,  Ellisburg  t.,  Jefferson  co., 
N.  Y.,  171  n.  w.  Albany,  399  W.  It  contains  1 
Presbyterian  church,  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.,  25  dwellings,  and  about  150  inhabitants. 

Woodville,  p-v.,  Rappahannock  co.,  Va.,  118 
n.  w.  Richmond,  85  W. 

Woodville,  p-v.,  Perquiman's  co.,  N.  C,  205 
e.  n.  e.  Raleigh,  293  W.  It  contains  about  75 
inhabitants. 

Woodville,  p-v.,  Abbeville  dist.,  S.  C,  93 
w.  Columbia,  525  W. 

Woodville,  p-v.,  Greene  co.,  Ga.,  55  n.  Mil- 
ledgeville, 604  W. 

Woodville,  p-v.,  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  163  n.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  688  W. 

Woodville,  p-t.,  Sandusky  co.,  O.,  120  n.  n. 
w.  Columbus,  438  W.  Situated  on  the  s.  side  of 
Portage  r.     It  has  7  sch.  260  scholars.     Pop.  486. 

Woodville,  p-v.,  Jackson  co.,  la.,  74  s.  In- 
dianapolis, 601  W. 

Woodville,  p-v.,  Hancock  co.,  111.,  106  w.  n. 
w.  Springfield,  884  W. 

Woodville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Wilkinson  co., 
Miss.,  135  s.  w.  Jackson,  1,145  W.  It  contains 
a  court  house,  jail,  market  house,  a  bank,  2 
academies,  3  churches — 1  Episcopal,  1  Baptist, 
and  1  Methodist — and  about  800  inhabitants.  A 
railroad  29  ms.  long  connects  it  with  St.  Fran- 
cisville,  on  the  Mississippi  r. 

Woodville,  p-v.,  Macon  co.,  Mo.,  96  n.  by 
w.  Jefferson  City,  979  W. 

Woodward'sville,  p-o.,  Schroon  t.,  Essex  co., 
N.  Y.,  101  n.  Albany,  476  W. 

Woodwardsville,  p-o.,  Marengo  co.,  Ala., 
104  s.  by  w.  Tuscaloosa,  916  W. 


WOR 


711 


WOR 


Woodworths,  p-o.,  Granville  co.,  N.C.,  61  n. 
Raleigh,  230  W. 

Woolwich,  p-t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  3")  s.  Au- 
gusta, 580  W.  Bounded  w.  by  Kennebec  r., 
which  affords  great  facilities  for  navigation.  It 
lias  2  small  streams,  and  ii  pond  near  its  centra, 
which  has  its  outlet,  into  Kennebec  r.  It  has  2 
stores,  cap.  $850;  1  fulling  in.,  2  tanneries,  4  saw 
BL      Top.  1.116. 

Woolwich,  t.,  Gloucester  co.,  N.  J.,  11  s.  w. 
Woodbury.  Hounded  n\  w.  by  Delaware  r. 
The  surface  is  level ;  soil,  sandy,  with  pine  forest 
on  the  s.  e.  Drained  by  Pcpaups,  Little  Timber, 
Itacoon,  and  Oldman's  creeks.  It  contains  the 
villages  of  Swedesboro'  and  Battentown.  It  has 
9  stores,  cap.  $28,400 ;  1  lumber  yard,  cap. 
$3,000 ;  2  fulling  m.,  2  woollen  fac,  5  grist  m., 
4  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $25,500.  12  sch. 
943  scholars.    Top.  3,676. 

Woonsocket  Falls,  p-v.,  Smithfield  t.,  Pro- 
vidence co.,  R.  I.,  15  n.  n.  w.  Providence,  414 
W.  Situated  on  the  falls  of  Blackstone  r., 
where  it  descends  20  feet,  within  a  short  distance, 
over  a  precipice  of  rocks,  affording  a  great  water 
power.  The  v.  lies  partly  in  Cumberland  t., 
which  is  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  r.,  where  is 
a  Baptist  church.  There  is  an  Episcopal  church 
on  the  s.  side  of  the  r.  The  v.  contains  16  cot- 
ton and  2  satinet  fac.  with  1,268  looms,  50,826 
sp.,  employing  1,162  hands,  producing  9,739,717 
yds.  of  cloth  annually ;  of  which  5,645,000  were 
cotton  prints,  3,117,000  cotton  sheeting,  156,000 
satinet,  36 1,000  jean,  62,400  negro  cloth,  584,000 
flannel.  It  contains  a  bank,  and  about  2,500  in- 
habitants. The  Blackstone  canal  passes  through 
the  v. 

Wooster,  p-t,  capital  of  Wayne  co.,  O.,  51  s. 
by  w.  Cleveland,  93  n.  e.  by  N.  Columbus,  344 
W.  The  v.  is  situated  in  the  forks  of  Killbuck 
and  Apple  creeks,  a  little  above  their  junction,  and 
contains  a  court  house,  jail,  county  offices,  a 
bank,  a  U.  States  land  office,  5  churches— 1 
Presbyterian,  1  Covenanters,  1  Baptist,  1  Dutch 
Reformed,  and  1  Methodist— 25  stores,  3  printing 
offices,  1  acad.  25  students,  2  sch.  64  scholars, 
150  dwellings,  and  1,913  inhabitants.  There 
are  in  the  t.  29  stores,  cap.  $6S,200 ;  7  tanneries, 
1  distillery,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly  news- 
papers, 8  flouring  m.,  1  grist  ra.,  1 1  saw  m.,  1  oil 
m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $21,705.    Pop.  1,207. 

Worcester,  county,  Mass.  Situated  in  the 
central  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,500  sq 
ms.,  being  the  largest  co.  in  the  state.  The  " 
face  is  uudulating;  soil,  generally  strong 
productive  Watered  by  Blackstone,  Quinne- 
baug,  Nashua,  Ware,  Miller's,  and  Mill  rivers, 
which  afford  extensive  water  power.  The  Black- 
stone canal  extends  through  its  s.  part  from  Wor- 
cester to  Providence ;  and  the  railroad  from 
Boston,  through  Springfield  to  Albany,  runs 
through  it  from  e.  to  w.,  and  at  Worcester  is 
met  by  the  Norwich  and  Worcester  railroad. 
Capital,  Worcester.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  67,666,  sheep  26,128,  swine  26,272  ;  wheat 
45,759  bush,  produced,  rye  84,914,  Ind.  corn 
372,591,  buckwheat  13,871,  barley  54,254,  oats 
375,471,  potatoes  1,146,092,  tobacco  15,000 
pounds ;  299  stores,  cap.  $1,049,045  ;  4  furnaces, 
1  forge,  74  fulling  m.,  42  woollen  fac,  71  cotton 
fac.  137,358  sp.,  53  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1 
brewery,  2  powder  m.,  6  flouring  m.,  144  grist  m., 
320  saw  m.,  15  paper  fac,  10  printing  offices,  1 
periodical,  6  weekly  newspapers.  Cap.  in  manu- 
fac. $4,061,344.  23  acad.  1,242  students,  549 
sch.  24,496  scholars.    Pop.  95,313. 

Worcester,  county,  Md.    Situated  in  the  s. 
E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  700  sq.  ms. 


The  surface  ii  level;  soil,  sandy.     Bounded  a. 

K.  by  the  Atliuilic,  mid  on  the  \v.  by  Chess] 
bay.      Drained  by  l'orouioke   r.  and  its  brai 

Several  islands  extend  along  "I  en- 

close  Sinepuxeni     bay.      Capital,     Snow     Hill. 

There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  14,765,  sheep 
14,924,  Bwine  19,900;  wheat  20,679  bush,  pro- 
duced, Ind.  corn  487,442,  oati  161,758,  potatoee 
35,441 ;  45  stores,  .  0 ;  5  tanm  i 

Liri.st  in.,  15  saw  m.     Cap.  in  manufn 

4  acad.  212  students,  21  sch.  600  scholart.     rat. 

whites   3 1 . 7  <  3,539,  free  col'd  3,173; 

total.  l,s,377. 

Worcf.stkh,  p-t.,  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  31  E. 
Burlington,  H  n.  Montpelier,  584  W.  The  sur- 
fare  is  uneven,  and  in  the  w.  mountainous  ;  soil, 
adapted  to  grazing,  and  tortile  along  the  streams. 
Watered  by  the  n.  branch  of  Onion  or  Win 
r.,  which  affords  water  power.  It  contains  a 
Congregational  church,  and  Freewill  Baptists 
and  Methodists.  Chartered  in  1763,  first  settled 
in  1797.  It  has  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $1,600.    7  sch.  175  scholars.    Pop.  587. 

Worcester,  p-t. 


.,  capital  of  Worcester  co„_ 
Mass.,  39  n.  n.  w.  Providence,  42  w.  by  8.  Bos- 
ton, 524  W.  Pop.  1830,4,172;  1810,7,497.  The 
surface  of  the  town  is  agreeably  diversified,  and 
the  soil  is  generally  fertile  ana  well  cultivated. 
The  village  is  one  of  the  largest  and  finest  of  tho 
inland  towns  of  New  England.  The  houses, 
many  of  which  are  elegant,  and  of  brick,  are 
chiefly  on  1  broad  street,  a  mile  in  length.  It  con- 
tains a  fine  court  house,  which  cost  $20,000,  4 
banks,  7  churches — 3  Congregational,  1  Unita- 
rian, 1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  1  Roman  Ca- 
tholic— and  the  hall  of  the  American  Anti- 
quarian Society,  containing  its  library  of  6,000 
volumes  of  rare  and  valuable  books,  and  ir*  re- 
spectable cabinet,  and  the  Massachusetts  Lunatic 
Asylum,  with  its  spacious  and  commodious  edi- 
fice. Worcester  enjoys  great  facilities  for  com- 
munication and  for  trade.  The  Blackstone  canal 
connects  it  with  Providence,  and  cost  $500,000. 
The  railroad  from  Boston  to  Springfield  and  Al- 
bany passes  through  the  place  ;  and  a  railroad  to 
Norwich,  Connecticut,  is  connected  with  steam- 
boats, forming  a  daily  communication  with  New 
York  city,  which  renders  Worcester  one  of  tho 
greatest  thoroughfares  in  the  country,  and  can- 
not but  add  to  its  growth  and  prosperity.  It  is 
surrounded  by  a  fertile  and  well  cultivated  coun- 
try. It  had  in  1840,  90  stores,  capital  $4 13,1)00 ; 
The  sur-  machinery  produced  to  the  value  of  $90,000;  1 
ong  and  furnace,  1  woollen  fac.  capital  $40,000  ;  1  cotton 
fac.  1,672  sp.,  2  grist  m.,  2  taw  m.,  2  paper  fac,  4 
printing  offices,  4  weekly  newspapers.  1  periodi- 
cal. Capital  in  manufac.  $400,000.  3  acad.  120 
students,  30  sch.  1,488  scholars. 

Worcester,  p-t.,  Otsego  co.,  N.  Y.,  57  8.  w. 
Albany,  371  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  sandy 
loam.  Drained  by  Charlotte  r.  and  its  tributa- 
ries. The  v.  contains  2  churches,  3  stores,  2  grist 
m.,  1  tannery,  30  dwellings,  and  about  200  in- 
habitants. There  are  in  the  t.  6  stores,  capital 
$16,700;  2  fulling  m.,  1  tannery,  4  grist  m.,  16 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $25,2J0.  10  sch.  590 
scholars.    Pop.  2,390. 

Worcester,  p-t.,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa., ,89  e. 

Harrisburg,  162  vV.    It  has  2  stores,  cap.  $6,o00 ; 

1  tannery.   Cap.  in  manufac  $1,300.   Pop.  1,200. 

Worcester,  p-v.,  McDonough  co.,  Ill-,  98  n. 

w.  Springfield,  871  W. 

Wormley,  p-o.,  Eaton  t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y., 
223  vv.  by  s.  Albany,  297  W. 

Worthington,  p-t,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  17 
w.  N.  w.  Northampton,  112  w.  Boston,  395  W. 
The  surface  is  elevated  and  uneven,  being  on  tho 


WUR 


742 


WYS 


Green  mountain  range  ;  soil,  strong  and  produc- 
tive. Drained  by  Westfield  r.  and  its  branches. 
It  has  a  Congregational  church  near  the  centre, 
and  a  Methodist  in  the  s.  E.  part.  Incorporated 
in  1763.  It  has  7  stores,  cap.  $9,900 ;  1  fulling 
m.,  2  tanneries,  3  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Capital  in 
manufac.  $19,950.  1  acad.  155  students,  11  sch. 
429  scholars.     Pop.  1,197. 

Worth  ington,  p-v.,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  189 
w.  Harrisburg,  243  W. 

Worthington,  p-v.,  Sharon  t.,  Franklin  co., 
O.,  9  n.  Columbus,  402  W.  Situated  on  the  E. 
bank  of  Olentangy  or  Whetstone  r.,  a  branch  of 
Scioto  r.  The  v.  plat  contains  210  acres.  It  has 
10  streets  running  n.  and  s.  parallel  to  each  other, 
and  to  the  r.,  crossed  by  7  streets  at  right  angles 
with  them.  It  contains  3  churches — 1  Presbyte- 
rian, 1  Episcopal,  and  1  Methodist — a  Universal- 
is! congregation,  an  academy,  and  a  college,  the 
medical  department  of  which  only  is  in  opera- 
tion, with  4  professors.  It  is  conducted  on  "the 
reformed  system."  It  has  5  stores,  1  college  25 
students,  1  acad.  50  students,  2  sch.  40  scholars. 
Pop.  440. 

Worthington,  t.,  Richland  co.,  O.  It  has  577 
scholars  in  schools.     Pop.  1,842. 

Worthington,  p-v.,  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ky.,  172 
s.  w.  by  w.  Frankfort,  714  W. 

Wrentham,  p-t.,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  32  s.  s.  w. 
Boston,  418  W.  The  surface  is  diversified  ;  soil, 
moderately  good.  Drained  by  branches  of  Charles, 
Tn  union,  and  Neponset  rs.,  which  afford  water 
power.  Two  ponds,  near  the  centre,  have  their 
outlet  n.  into  Charles  river.  The  v.  in  the  n.  w. 
part  contains  2  Congregational  churches.  In  South 
Wrentham  is  a  Congregational  church,  an  acade- 
my, a  bank,  and  about  45  dwellings.  Incorpora- 
ted in  1763.  There  are  in  the  t.  6  stores,  capital 
$10,500 ;  4  cotton  fac.  3,500  sp.,  3  grist  m.,  10  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $46,825.  1  acad.  150  stu- 
dents, 18  sch.  767  scholars.     Pop.  2,915. 

Wright,  county,  Mo.  Situated  toward  the 
s.  w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  1,730  sq.  ms. 
Drained  by  head  branches  of  Gasconade  river,  a 
tributary  of  Missouri  r.    Capital,  Hartville. 

Wrightsborough,  p-v.,  Columbia  co.,  Ga.,  95 
E.  N.  e.  Milledgeville,  613  W.  Situated  on  a 
branch  of  Little  r.,  which  flows  into  Savannah  r., 
and  contains  a  church,  an  academy,  and  30  dwell- 
ings. 

Wrightsborough,  p-o.,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N. 
Y.,  233  n.  w.  Albany,  500  W. 

Wright's  Corners,  p-o.,  Newfane  t.,  Niagara 
co.,  N.  Y.,  279  w.  Albany,  406  W. 

Wright's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Fentress  co., 
Tenn. 

Wrightstown,  p-t.,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  7  s.  e. 
Doylestown,  24  n.  Philadelphia.  The  surface  is 
level ;  soil,  clay.  Bounded  s.  by  JNeshaminy  cr., 
by  tributaries  of  which  it  is  drained.  Near  the 
s.  E.  boundary  is  a  v.,  which  contains  a  church, 
with  5  or  6  dwellings.  It  contains  also  Penn's  v. 
It  has  3  stores,  cap.  $13,000 ;  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Capital  in  manufac.  $3,350.  4  sch.  118  scholars. 
Pop.  708. 

Wrightstown,  p-v.,  Hanover  t.,  Burlington 
co.,  N.  J.,  23  s.  Trenton,  171  W.  It  contains 
about  50  inhabitants. 

Wrightsville,  p-b.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  11  n.  w. 
York,  31  Harrisburg,  101 W.  Situated  on  the  w. 
side  of  Susquehanna  river,  opposite  Columbia  b., 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge  5,690  feet 
long.    It  contains  about  80  dwellings.    Pop.  672. 

Wrightsville,  p-v.,  Roane  co.,  Tenn.,  154  e. 
by  s.  Nashville,  539  W. 

Wurtsborough,  p-v.,  Mamakatingt.,  Sullivan 
co.,  N.  Y.,  97  s.  w.  Albany,  287  W.   Situated  on 


the  Delaware  and  Hudson  canal.  It  contains  1 
Dutch  Reformed  and  1  Methodist  church,  6  stores, 
3  storehouses,  1  tannery,  1  plaster  m.,  1  boat-yard, 
30  dwellings,  and  about  200  inhabitants.  1  mile 
N.  is  a  valuable  lead  mine,  supposed  to  be  inex- 
haustible. 

Wyalusing,  creek,  Pa.,  rises  in  Susquehanna 
co.,  and  flows  into  Susquehanna  r.,  in  Bradford 
county. 

Wyalusing,  p-t.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  149  n.  Har- 
risburg, 259  W.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  soil,  grav- 
elly loam.  Drained  by  Wyalusing  creek  and  its 
tributaries,  flowing  into  Susquehanna  r.  It  has 
7  stores,  capital  $23,200 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen 
fac,  4  grist  m.,  12  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$19,550.     6  sch.  318  scholars.     Pop.  1,400. 

Wyandot,  county,  Mich.  Situated  in  the  N. 
part  of  the  peninsula,  and  contains  476  sq.  miles. 
It  has  3  considerable  lakes,  which  receive  Che- 
boygan and  Skooawargurmish  rs.,  and  other  con- 
siderable streams,  and  discharge  their  waters  into 
the  straits  of  Mackinaw,  opposite  to  Bois  Blanc 
island. 

Wyandot,  p-o.,  Marion  co.,  O.,  61  n.  Colum- 
bus, 416  W. 

Wyatt,  p-v.,  Lafayette  co.,  Miss.,  174  n.  n.  e. 
Jackson,  912  W.  Situated  on  the  n.  side  of  Tal- 
lahatchee  r.,  and  contains  about  200  inhabitants. 

Wye  Mills,  p-o.,  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  31  e.  by  s 
Annapolis,  71  W.     Situated  on  Wye  r. 

Wykertown,  p-v.,  Sussex  co.,  N.  J.,  80  n. 
Trenton,  249  W. 

Wye,  river,  Md.,  separates  Talbot  and  Queen 
Anne  counties,  and  flows  into  the  e.  side  of  Ches- 
apeake bay. 

Wylliesburg,  p-o.,  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  106  s. 
W.  Richmond,  204  W. 

Wynant's  Kill,  p-v.,  Greenbush  t.,  Rensse- 
laer co.,  N.  Y.,  10  e.  Albany,  380  W.  It  con- 
tains 1  Dutch  Reformed  church,  2  stores,  1  tan- 
nery, and  about  15  dwellings. 

Wynant's  Kill,  or  creek,  N.  Y.,  rises  in  Sand 
Lake  t..,  forming  the  outlet  of  several  small  lakes, 
and  affords  good  water  power. 

Wyoming,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  toward  the 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  500  square  ms. 
Taken  from  Genesee  co.  in  1841.  The  surface 
is  undulating;  soil,  moist,  sandy,  or  gravelly 
loam,  and  very  fertile.  Drained  by  Allen's  and 
Tonawanda  crs.,  and  crossed  in  its  s.  w.  part  by 
Cattaraugus  cr.,  and  in  its  s.  E.  angle  by  Genesee 
river.    Capital,  Warsaw. 

Wyoming,  county,  Pa.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  480  sq.  ms.  Taken 
from  Luzerne  co.  in  1841.  Drained  by  Susque- 
hanna river  and  its  branches.  Capital,  Tunk- 
hannock. 

Wyoming,  p-v.,  Middlebury  t.,  Wyoming  co., 
N.  Y.,  248  w.  Albany,  366  W.  Situated  on  Al- 
len's cr.,  and  contains  1  Presbyterian,  1  Baptist, 
and  1  Methodist  church,  an  academy,  4  st«*es,  90 
dwellings,  and  about  600  inhabitants. 

Wyoming,  p-v.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  131  n.  e. 
Harrisburg,  236  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
the  Susquehanna  r.,  and  contains  about  iOO  in- 
habitants. 

Wyoming,  p-o.,  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  85  w.  De- 
troit, 555  W. 

Wyoming,  p-v.,  Dinwiddie  co.,  Va.,  59  s.  Rich- 
mond, 178  W. 

Wyoming,  p-v.,  Starke  co.,  111.,  101  n.  Spring- 
field, 815  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Spoon 
r.,  and  contains  about  75  inhabitants. 

Wyoming,  p-v.,  Wayne  co.,  Iowa. 

Wysox.  p-t.,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  136  n.  Harris- 
burg, 246  W.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  soil,  gravel- 
ly loam.    Drained  by  Rumfield  and  Wysox  crs. 


YAN 


743 


YAT 


It  lias  7  stores,  cap.  $27,500 ;  1  lulling  m.,  1  wool- 
leu  fac..  1  tannery,  3  grist  m.,  11  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manilfac.  $21,385      Pop.  1,871. 

Wythe,  county,  Va.  Situated  toward  the  s. 
w.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  700  square  ms. 
Drained  by  New  river  and  its  branches,  and  by 
branches  of  1  Colston  r.  The  surface  is  an  eleva- 
ted table  land,  from  1,000  to  2,000  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea.  Capital,  Wytheville.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  13,530,  sheep  10,782, 
swine  22,730  ;  wheat  85,602  bush,  produced,  rye 
47,020,  Ind.  corn  233,793,  buckwheat  12,680,  oats 


152,446,  potatoes  38,307,  sugar  13,713  pound 
More...  cap.  §173,000;  1  fulling  in.,  13  tanni 
38  distill. -ries,  8  powder  m.,  2  nounnj  m.,  3H  grist 
m.,  25  saw  in.,  1  oil  in.,  1  printing  office.  1  week- 
ly newspaper.  Capital  in  inanufitc.  $72,051.  1 
acad.  40  students,  12  schools  260  scholars.  Pop. 
whites  7,632,  slaves  1,618,  free  col'd  125;  total, 
9,375. 

Wvthkth.i.k,  p-v..  Wythe  eo,  Va.,  218  w. 
Richmond,  816  W.  Situated  on  a  small  branch 
of  New  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  and 
about  450  inhabitant*. 


Xknia,  p-t.,  capital  of  Greene  co.,  O.,  61  w.  s. 
w.  Columbus,  454  W.  The  t.  is  large  and  popu- 
lous. Drained  by  Little  Miami  r.  and  its  branches, 
and  by  Cesar's  cr.  The  v.  is  situated  on  Shaw- 
nee cr.,  3  ms.  from  its  entrance  into  Little  Miami 
r.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  with  streets  crossing 
each  other  at  right  angles,  and  contains  a  court 
house  and  county  offices  of  brick,  a  jail  of  stone, 


4  churches  in  the  v.  and  immediate  'vicinity,  10 
stores,  and  about  1,200  inhabitants.  It  has  many 
handsome  dwellings,  and  is  surrounded  by  a 
highly  cultivated  country.  The  t.  lias  18  stores, 
cap.  $70,500 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  distil- 
lery, 3  printing  offices,  3  weekly  newspapers,  5 
flouring  m.,  8  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufae.  $17,380. 
11  sch.  297  scholars.    Top.  4,913. 


Yadkin,  r.,  N.  C,  rises  in  the  Alleghany  moun- 
tains on  the  k.  side,  and  flows  E.  and  s.  e.  into  S. 
C,  and  in  its  lower  part  it  takes  the  name  of 
Great  Pedee,  until  it  falls  into  Winyaw  bay,  near 
Georgetown.  In  Montgomery  co.,  N.  C,  it  pass- 
es through  the  Narrows,  occasioned  by  mountains 
on  each  side,  where  it  is  contracted  from  200  yds. 
wide  to  about  30 ;  and  a  few  miles  below  it  re- 
ceives Rocky  r.,  below  which  it  becomes  the 
Great  Pedee.  By  a  canal  around  the  narrows, 
and  clearing  obstructions  from  the  r.,  it  might  be 
made  navigable  for  boats  of  10  tons  from  Wilkes- 
boro',  in  the  mountains,  to  Cheraw,  S.  C,  a  dis- 
tance of  247  miles. 

Yalabusha,  county,  Miss.  Situated  centrally 
toward  the  N.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  720 
sq  ms.  Drained  by  Yalabusha  r.  and  its  branch- 
es. Capital,  Coffeeville.  There  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  14,976,  sheep  4,298,  swine  33,^12: 
wheat  14,953  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  543,635, 
oats  32,660,  potatoes  27,739,  tobacco  4, 110  pounds, 
cotton  4,030,644;  1  commission  house,  capital 
$3,000 ;  23  stores,  cap.  $109,600 ;  5  tanneries,  2 
distilleries,  1  flouring  m.,  44  grist  m.,  13  saw  ra., 

1  printing  office,  1  weekly  newspaper.  Cap.  in 
manufae.  $71,930.  2  acad.  65  students,  21  sch. 
558  scholars.  Pop.  whites  6,440,  slaves  5,601, 
free  col'd  7 ;  total,  12,243. 

Yancey,  county,  N.  C.  Situated  in  the  w. 
part  of  the  slate,  and  contains  1,760  sq.  ms.  It 
contains  the  highest  land  in  the  United  States,  E 
of  the  Rocky  mts.  Black  mt.  is  elevated  6,476 
feet  above  the  ocean.  It  has  a  copperas  mine. 
Drained  by  Nolachucky  r.  and  its  branches 
Capital.  Burnsville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  5,535,  sheep  5,041,  swine  18,718 ;  wheat 
6  320  bush,  produced,  rye  2,848,  Ind.  corn  405,390, 
oats  33,670,  potatoes  89,731,  tobacco  4,830  pounds, 

2  forges,  42  grist  m.,  3  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufae. 
$1  500.  Pop.  whites  5,681,  slaves  254,  free  col'd 
27';  total,  5,962. 

Yancey's  Mills,  p-o.,  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  101 
w.  n.  w.  Richmond,  136  W. 

Yanceyville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Caswell  co.,  N. 
C.,  87  N.  w.  Raleigh,  263  W.  It  contains  a  court 
house,  jail,  and  250  inhabitants. 

Y\nkee  Springs,  p-t.,  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  150 
w.  Detroit,  615  W.  Pop.  130 

Yantic,  r.,  Ct„  rises  in  Lebanon,  and  falls  into 
Thames  r.,  at  Norwich  city,  through  a  cove 
which  sets  up  1  m.  from  the  r.    At  its  mouth  it 


falls  over  a  ledge  of  granite  rocks,  where  circular 
holes  5  or  6  feet  deep  are  worn  in  the  rocks  by 
stones  whirled  round  in  them  by  the  force  of  the 
water.  At  the  foot  of  the  falls  on  the  w.  side  is 
a  rocky  bank  60  or  80  feet  high,  projecting  over 
the  stream,  from  which  the  Mohegan  Indians 
formerly  plunged  to  destruction,  when  pursued 
by  their  enemies,  the  Narragansets.  The  falls 
here  afford  excellent  water  power,  where  are 
many  mills  and  manufactories. 

Yardleyville,  p-v.,  Makefield  t.,  Bucks  co.T 
Pa.,  18  s.  e.  Doylestown,  128  B.  Harrisburg,  168 
W.  Situated  on  the  w.  bank  of  Delaware  r.,  and 
contains  2  stores,  1  grist  m.,  1  saw  m.,  and  about 
25  dwellings.  A  ferry  here  crosses  Delaware 
river. 

Yardleyville,  p-o.,  Mercer  co.,  N.  J.,  6  E. 
Trenton,  172  W. 

Yarmouth,  p-t.,  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  /8  s. 
E.  Boston,  479  W.  It  extends  across  Cape  Cod. 
The  soil  is  sandy  and  sterile.  Incorporated  in 
1639.  It  has  2  villages.  South  Yarmouth  v.  is 
situated  on  Bass  r.,  and  contains  3  churches — 1 
Congregational,  1  Baptist,  and  1  Friends— and  ex- 
tensive salt  works.  It  has  a  number  of  vessels 
employed  in  the  cod  and  mackerel  fisheries,  and 
the  coasting  trade.  There  are  in  the  1. 13  stores, 
cap.  $40,700 ;  1  tannery,  1  printing  office,  1  week- 
ly newspaper,  6  grist  m.  Cap.  in  manufactures 
$24,700.  1  acad.  45  students,  13  sch.  627  schol- 
ars.    Pop.  2,554. 

Yarmouth  Port,  p-v.,  Yarmouth  t.,  Barnsta- 
ble co.,  Mass.,  77  s.  e.  Boston,  478  W.  Situated 
on  a  branch  of  Cape  Cod  bay,  and  contains  1 
Congregational  and  1  Methodist  church,  a  bank, 
and  a  printing  office,  issuing  a  weekly  news- 
paper. 

Yates,  county,  N.  Y.  Situated  w.  of  the  cen- 
tre of  the  state,  and  contains  320  sq.  ms.  Seneca 
lake  bounds  it  on  the  e.,  and  Canandaigua  lake 
on  the  n.  w.  Crooked  lake  enters  its  a.  part,  and 
lias  its  outlet  through  it  into  Seneca  lake,  afford- 
ing eood  water  power.  The  surface  is  pleasantly 
div  ersified  ;  soil,  clay,  and  a  warm,  ferule  mold, 
producing  grain  and  fruits  abundantly.  Organ- 
ized in  1823.  Crooked  Lake  canal  connects  that 
lake  with  Seneca  lake,  and  thus  with  the  Erie 
canal.  Capital,  Penn 1  Yan.  T here  were  in  1840, 
neat  cattle  16,989,  sheep  86,876,  swine  18,475 ; 
wheat  352,814  bush,  P"^^  rye2'*02'  'ndiari 
corn  104,066,  buckwheat  20,891,  barley  30,994, 


YEL 


744 


YOR 


oats  162,433,  potatoes  170,318,  hops  2,000  pounds, 
sugar  39,384;  51  stores,  cap.  $162,635;  3  fur- 
naces, 14  fulling  m.,  3  woollen  fac,  8  tanneries, 
2  distilleries,  7  flouring  m.,  13  grist  m.,  62  saw  m., 
1  oil  m.,  2  printing  offices,  1  periodical,  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $313,872.  112 
sch.  6,207  scholars.     Pop.  20,444. 

Yates,  p-t.,  Orleans  co.,  N.  Y.,  12  n.  Albion, 
266  w.  by  n.  Albany,  409  W.  The  surface 
is  level;  soil,  sandy  and  clay  loam.  Drained 
by  Johnson's  cr.,  and  other  small  streams  flowing 
into  Lake  Ontario,  which  bounds  it  on  the  n.  It 
has  5  stores,  cap.  $17,550 ;  1  fulling  m.,  1  furnace, 

1  tannery,  1  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$15,950.     14  sch.  663  scholars.    Pop.  2,230. 

Yatesville,  p-o.,  Potter  t.,  Yates  co.,  N.  Y., 
197  w.  Albany,  330  W. 

Yatesville,  p-o.,  Lunenburg  co.,  Va.,  89  s. 
w.  Ricbmond,  208  W. 

Yazoo,  r.,  Miss.,  formed  by  the  junction  of 
Tallahatchee  and  Yalabusha  rivers,  in  Carroll 
co.,  and  flows  s.  s.  w.  into  the  Mississippi  r.,  12 
ras.  above  the  Walnut  Hills.  It  receives  Sun 
Flower  r.,  a  considerable  brancb  from  the  n.  It 
is  navigable  for  50  ms.  for  large  boats,  in  high 
stages  of  the  water,  and  is  100  yards  wide  at  its 
mouth. 

Yazoo,  county,  Miss.  Situated  w.  of  the  cen- 
tre of  the  state,  and  contains  650  sq.  ms.  Bound- 
ed by  Yazoo  r.  on  the  n.  w.,  and  by  Big  Black  r. 
on  the  s.  e.,  and  drained  by  branches  of  both. 
Capital,  Benton.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cat- 
tle 19,032,  sheep  2,636,  swine  30,179  ;  wheat  834 
bush,  produced,  rye  1,746,  Indian  corn  536,340, 
oats  81,035,  potatoes  139,964,  rice  7,350  pounds, 
tobacco  2,705,  cotton  12,085,802 ;  9  commission 
houses,  cap.  $12,000;   24  stores,  cap.  $183,616; 

2  grist  m.,  3  saw  m  ,  2  printing  offices,  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $14,305.  11  sch. 
255  scholars.  Pop.  whites  3,116,  slaves  7,339, 
free  col'd  25 ;  total,  10,480. 

Yazoo  City,  p-v.,  Yazoo  co.,  Miss.,  60  n.  w. 
Jackson,  1,029  W.  Situated  on  the  e.  side  of 
Yazoo  r.,  and  contains  several  stores,  and  about 
700  inhabitants. 

Yell,  county,  Ark.  Situated  toward  the  n.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  936  square  miles. 
Drained  by  Petite  Jean,  and  other  tributaries  of 
Arkansas  r.,  which  last  runs  on  its  N.  E.  border. 
Capital,  Danville. 

Yellow  Branch,  p-o.,  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  130 
w.  Richmond,  208  W. 

Yellow  Creek,  p-o  ,  Northampton  t.,  Sum- 
mit co.,  O.,  135  n.  E.  Columbus,  343  W.  Situated 
in  Niles  v.,  on  the  w.  side  of  Cuyahoga  r.,  on  the 
Ohio  canal. 

Yellow  Creek,  t,  Columbiana  co.,  O.  It 
contains  Wellsville  v.    Pop.  805. 

Yellow  Creek,  p-o.,  Knox  co.,  Ky.,  146  s.  e. 
Frankfort,  492  W. 

Yellow  Creek,  p-t,  Chariton  co.,  Mo.,  Ill  N. 
w.  Jefferson  City,  1,005  W.     Pop.  338. 

Yellow  Creek  Furnace,  p-o.,  Montgomery 
co.,  Tenn.,  36  w.  n.  w.  Nashville,  747  Washing- 
ton. 

Yellow  Springs,  p-o.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa., 
106  w.  Harrisburg,  162  W. 

Yellow  Springs,  p-v.,  Miami  t.,  Greene  co., 
O.,  52  s.  w.  Columbus,  445  W.  Here  is  a  sul- 
phur spring,  much  resorted  to  as  a  watering 
place,  having  a  commodious  hotel  and  numerous 
cottages,  spread  over  green  lawns  and  delightful 
groves. 

Yellow  Springs,  p-o.,  Claiborne  co.,  Tenn., 
233  e.  Nashville,  472  W. 

Yellow  Springs,  p-o.,  Johnson  co.,  la.,  16  s. 
Indianapolis,  580  W. 


Yellow  Springs,  p-o.,  Hampshire  co.,  Va., 
169  n.  n.  w.  Richmond,  97  W. 

Yellow  Spring,  p-o.,  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa. 

Yellow  Stone,  p-o.,  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn., 
254  e.  Nashville,  428  W. 

Yellow  Water,  r.,  Ala.  and  Flor.,  rises  in 
Covington  co.,  Ala.,  and  flows  s.  s.  w.  into 
Flor.,  through  which  it  passes,  and  enters  an  arm 
of  Pensacola  bay. 

Yellville,  p-v.,  capital  of  Marion  co.,  Ark., 
180  n.  Little  Rock,  1,106  W.  Situated  on  the  n. 
e.  side  of  a  branch  of  White  r.,  and  contains  a 
court  house,  jail,  and  about  75  inhabitants. 

Yelvington,  p-v.,  Daviess  co.,  Ky.,  156  w. 
by  s.  Frankfort,  683  W. 

Yocumtown,  p-v.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  21  s.  Har- 
risburg, 113  W. 

Youngesville,  p-v.,  Fairfield  dist.,  S.  C,  41 
n.  Columbia,  468  W.  Situated  on  Little  r.,  and 
contains  about  75  inhabitants. 

Yonkers,  p-t.,  Westchester  co.,  N.  Y.,  132  s. 
Albany,  242  W.  The  surface  is  uneven  and 
broken;  soil,  clay  and  sandy  loam,  generally 
well  cultivated.  Watered  by  Bronx  and  Saw 
Mill  rivers,  flowing  into  Hudson  r.,  which  bounds 
it  on  the  w.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  E.  side  of 
Hudson  r.,  at  the  mouth  of  Saw  Mill  r.,  and  con- 
tains 1  Episcopal  and  1  Methodist  church,  a 
female  seminary,  beautifully  situated,  5  stores,  1 
grist  m.,  several  saw  m.,  60  dwellings,  and  about 
400  inhabitants.  Steamboats  land  and  receive 
passengers  here  daily.  It  is  surrounded  by  fine 
scenery.  There  are  in  the  t.  3  acad.  75  students, 
5  sch.  210  scholars.     Pop.  2,968. 

York,  r.,  Me.  A  short  stream  in  York  county, 
which  enters  the  Atlantic  by  a  broad  mouth 
which  affords  a  good  harbor,  for  7  or  8  ms.,  with 
a  depth  of  water  sufficient  for  vessels  of  200  tons 
burden. 

York,  r.,  Va.  Formed  by  the  junction  of  Pa- 
munkey  and  Mattapony  rivers.  Its  lower  part 
forms  a  bay,  generally  2  or  3  ms.  wide,  until  it 
enters  Chesapeake  bay,  between  York  and 
Gloucester  counties.  At  Yorktown,  where  it  is 
contracted  to  1  m.  wide,  it  forms  the  best  harbor 
in  Va.,  and  it  is  navigable  for  large  vessels  20 
miles  above  this.  It  is  about  120  miles  long  to 
its  remote  sources. 

York,  county,  Me.  Situated  in  the  s.  w. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  818  square  miles. 
The  surface  is  uneven  and  rough ;  soil,  hard  and 
rocky  on  the  coast,  but  more  fertile  in  the  interior. 
The  Atlantic  bounds  it  on  the  s.  e.,  along  which 
are  fine  harbors,  and  several  lighthouses.  Capi- 
tal, Alfred.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
50,010,  sheep  69,477,  swine  14,391 ;  wheat  55,a86 
bushels  produced,  rye  23,140,  Ind.  corn  230,650, 
buckwheat  6,046,  barley  40,670,  oats  102,413, 
potatoes  1,123,441,  sugar  26,084;  245  stores,  cap. 
$313,150;  2  lumber  yards,  cap.  $2,500;  22  full- 
ing m.,  7  woollen  fac,  5  cotton  fac.  25,736  spin- 
dles, 101  tanneries,  6  potteries,  4  printing  offices, 
4  weekly  newspapers,  90  grist  m.,  157  saw  m.,  2 
oil  m.    Cap.  in  manufac.  $  1 ,604,425.  Pop.  54,034. 

York,  county,  Pa.  Situated  in  the  s.,  toward 
the  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  864  sq.  ms. 
Susquehanna  r.  runs  on  its  n.  e.  border.  Drain- 
ed by  Cadorus,  Conewago,  and  Yellow  Breeches 
creeks.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  generally 
very  fertile.  Capital,  York.  There  were  in 
1840,  neat  cattle  34,425,  sheep  36,347,  swine 
56,297;  wheat  357,515  bushels  produced,  rye 
363,886,  Indian  corn  600,822,  barley  1,714,  oats 
597,044,  buckwheat  12,999,  potatoes  172,246,  to- 
bacco 162,748  lbs.;  159  stores,  cap.  $528,575  ;  17 
lumber  yards,  cap.  $90,000;  7  fulling  m.,  10 
woollen  fac,  53  tanneries,  216  distilleries,  4 


YOR 


745 


YOR 


breweries,  9  potteries,  4  paper  fac,  6  printing  of- 
fices, 7  weekly  newspapers,  7  (louring  m.,  138 
grist  m.,  104  saw  m.,  9  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac. 
$990,010.  2  acad.  50  students,  130  sch.  3,749 
scholars.     Pop.  47,010. 

York,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  s.  e.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  150  sq.  ms.  Chesa- 
peake bay  bounds  it  on  the  s.  E.,  and  York  r.  on 
the  n.  E.  The  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Capital, 
Yorktown.  It  has  6  sch.  170  scholars.  Pop. 
4,720. 

York,  dist.,  S.  C.  Situated  in  the  n.  part  of 
the  state,  and  contains  800  sq.  ms.  Watered  by 
Catawba  r.,  which  bounds  it  on  the  s.  e.,  and 
Broad  r.,  which  bounds  it  on  the  w.  Drained 
by  branches  of  these  rivers,  the  chief  of  which 
are  Turkey.  Bullocks,  King's,  and  Buffalo  creeks. 
The  surface  consists  of  plains,  inclining  to  Ca- 
tawba and  Broad  rivers.  Capital,  Yorkville. 
There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  13,695,  sheep 
7,949,  swine  24,021 ;  wheat  64,021  bushels  pro- 
duced, rye  44,738,  Ind.  corn  478.833,  oats  44,148, 
potatoes  12,175,  rice  5,200  lbs.,  tobacco  3,942,  cot- 
ton 866,594  ;  14  stores,  cap.  $96,500 ;  3  tanneries, 
24  distilleries,  1  pottery,  1  printing  office,  1  weekly 
newspaper,  6  flouring  m.,  21  grist  m.,  15  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $37,428.  1  acad.  33  students, 
29  sch.  679  scholars.     Pop.  18,383. 

York,  p-t.,  port  of  entry,  York  co.,  Me.,  45  s. 
w.  by  s.  Portland,  92  s.  w.  Augusta,  502  VV.  On 
the  8eacoast  the  surface  is  rocky  and  rough ; 
soil,  barren,  but  fertile  near  the  v.  Watered  by 
York  r.,  which  enters  the  Atlantic  by  a  wide 
mouth,  and  Cape  Neddock  r.  Agamenticus  mt. 
lies  in  its  n.  w.  part,  a  noted  landmark  for  sea- 
men, the  summit  of  which  presents  an  extensive 
prospect.  Incorporated  in  1653.  The  v.  is  situ- 
ated on  the  n»  side  of  York  r.,  one  mile  from  the 
sea,  formerly  the  capital  of  the  co.,  has  a  good 
harbor,  which  admits  vessels  of  250  tons,  and  is 
regularly  laid  out,  with  streets  crossing  each 
other  at  right  angles.  It  has  some  shipping,  em- 
ployed chiefly  in  the  fisheries.  It  was  originally 
designed  for  a  large  city,  but  has  not  equalled  the 
expectations  of  its  early  founders.  On  Cape  Ned- 
dock,  a  rocky  promontory,  on  the  s.  side  of  a 
river  of  the  same  name,  in  the  town,  is  a  light- 
house. It  has  11  stores,  cap.  $7,750;  2  fulling 
m.,  1  tannery,  5  grist  m.,  5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  man- 
ufac. $2,975.  866  scholars  in  schools.  Pop. 
3,111. 

York,  p-t.,  Livingston  co.,  N.  Y.,  238  w.  Al- 
bany, 354  W.  The  surface  rises  1  or  2  ms.  from 
Genesee  r.,  when  it  becomes  level;  soil,  clay 
loam,  fertile  in  wheat,  and  other  kinds  of  grain. 
Drained  by  branches  of  Genesee  r.,  which  bounds 
it  on  the  E.  It  has  12  stores,  cap.  $37,150;  1 
woollen  fac,  2  furnaces,  2  distilleries,  3  grist  m., 
5  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $34,175.  17  sch. 
1,039  scholars.     Pop.  3,049. 

York,  t.,  York  co.,  Pa.,  5  s.  w.  York  b.  The 
surface  is  undulating  ;  soil,  gravel,  and  not  very 
fertile.  It  has  2  tanneries,  2  grist  m.,  1  saw  m. 
Cap.  in  manufac.  $4,045.     Pop.  1,294. 

York,  p-b.,  and  capital  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  24  s. 
Harrisburg,  90  W.  It  is  situated  in  Spring  Gar- 
den and  Manchester  ts.,  and  on  Codorus  cr.,  on  a 
plain,  with  streets  crossing  each  other  at  right 
angles.  It  contains  a  court  house  and  county 
offices  of  brick,  a  jail  of  stone,  an  academy  of 
brick,  12  churches,  belonging  to  Lutherans',  Ger- 
man Reformed,  Presbyterians,  Moravians,  Epis- 
copalians, Methodists,  Friends,  Roman  Catholics, 
and  African  Methodists ;  33  stores,  cap.  $201,100 ; 
11  lumber  yards,  cap.  $70,900;  1  woollen  fac, 
5  tanneries,  3  breweries,  4  printing  offices,  5 
weekly  newspapers.   Cap.  in  manufac.  $129,310. 


2  acad.  50  students,  10  sch.  647  scholars.  Pop. 
4,779.  The  poorhouse  is  in  the  vicinity  of  the  v. 
The  U.  Stales  Congees,  removed  t«>  this  place 
when  driven  from  Philadelphia,  in  the  revolu- 
tionary war.  The  cr.  is  made  navigable  1 1  ms 
to  the  Susquehanna  r.,  by  8  ms.  of  pools  and  3 
of  canals,  with  9  loeks.  The  v.  is  supplied  by 
water  in  pipes  from  a  spring  in  the  vicinity.  This 
place  is  connected  with  Philadelphia  and  Haiti- 
more  by  railroads. 

York,  p-v.,  Fayette  co.,  Ga.,  87  w.  n.  w.  Mil- 
ledgeville,  691  W. 

York,  t.,  Athens  co.,  O.  Drained  by  Hock- 
hocking  r.,  on  which  is  Nelsonville  v.  It  re- 
ceives several  small  tributaries,  the  largest  of 
which  is  Monday  cr.  It  has  10  sch.  191  scholars. 
Pop.  1,601. 

York,  t.,  Belmont  co.,  O.  Bounded  e.  by 
Ohio  r.  Drained  by  Captina  cr.,  which  affords 
water  power.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  soil,  very 
fertile.    It  has  1  sch.  35  scholars.     Pop.  1,294. 

York,  t.,  Darke  co.,  O.  It  has  1  sen.  20  scho- 
lars.   Pop.  369. 

York,  t.,  Medina  co.,  O.  It  has  1  tannery,  2 
saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac  $2,300.  5  sch.  152 
scholars.     Pop.  781. 

York,  t.,  Morgan  co.,  O.  It  has  3  stores,  cap. 
$6,500 ;  2  tanneries,  1  distillery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw 
m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $5,950.  6  sch.  494  scho- 
lars.    Pop.  1,032. 

York,  t.,  Sandusky  co.,  O. 
scholars.    Pop.  1,301. 

York,  t.,  Tuscarawas  co.,  O 
6  saw  m.,  5  sch.  305  scholars, 


York,  t.,  Union  co.,  O 
lars.    Pop.  439. 
York,  t.,  Van  Wert  co.,  O 


It  has  5  sch.  183 

It  Ins  1  grist  m., 
Pop.  865. 
It  has  2  sch.  70  scho- 


York,  p-t.,  Washtenaw  co., 
troit,  511  W.     It  has  1  store,  cap.  $2,500; 


Pop.  181. 
Mich.,  46  w.  De- 
1  tan- 
nery, 1  flouring  m.,  1  grist  m.,  4~saw  m.    Cap.  in 
manufac.  $13,600.    Pop.  1,146. 

York,  t.,  Switzerland  co.,  la.    Pop.  1,331. 

York,  t.,  Steuben  co.,  la.  It  has  1  sch.  14 
scholars.     Pop.  191. 

York,  t.,  Noble  co.,  la.  It  has  1  store,  cap. 
$300 ;  1  pottery,  1  grist  m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  sch.  18 
scholars.     Pop.  289. 

Y^ork,  p-v.,  Clarke  co.,  HI.,  142  e.  s.  e.  Spring- 
field, 676  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of  Wa- 
bash r,  and  contains  4  stores,  1  steam  saw  and 
flouring  m.,  and  about  350  inhabitants. 

York  Centre,  p-o.,  Lucas  co.,  O.,  151  N.  w. 
Columbus,  482  W. 

York  Haven,  p-v.,  Newberry  t.,  York  co.,  Pa., 
14  s.  Harrisburg,  100  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side 
of  Susquehanna  r.,  below  Conewago  falls,  oppo- 
site to  Portsmouth.  Much  of  the  descending 
trade  of  the  r.  proceeds  from  this  place  to  Balti- 
more. 

York  North  Ridge,  p-o.,  Sandusky  co.,  O., 
99  n.  Columbus,  414  W. 

York  Ridge,  p-o.,  Dearborn  co.,  la.,  84  s.  X. 
Indianapolis,  540  W. 

Yorkshire,  p-t.,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.  Y.,  278 
Albany,  341  W.  The  surface  is  generally  level ; 
soil,  a  fertile  clay  and  gravelly  loam.  Drained 
by  Cattaraugus  cr.  and  its  tributaries.  The  v.  is 
situated  on  Cattaraugus  cr.,  and  contains  1  church, 
4  stores,  1  flouring  m.,  40  dwellings,  and  about 
300  inhabitants.  There  are  in  the  t.  2  stores, 
cap.  $5,500  ;  1  fulling  m.,  3  tanneries,  2  grist  m., 
J  6  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $10,180.  Pop. 
1 1,292. 

York  Sulphur  Springs,  p-v.,  Latimore  t, 
I  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  15  s.  Carlisle,  21  s.  Harrisburg, 
j  89  W.  The  springs  here  are  a  fashionable  resort 
J  from  Baltimore,  and  contain  good  accommodations 


ZAN 


746 


ZAN 


for  visiters.  The  country  around  is  healthy,  and 
the  springs  possess  valuable  mineral  properties. 

Yorktown,  p-t.,  Westchester  co.,  N.  Y.,  16  n. 
White  Plains,  112  s.  Albany,  275  W.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly,  and  on  the  N.  mountainous ;  soil, 
generally  fertile.  It  has  several  ponds,  and  is 
drained  by  Croton  r.  It  has  10  sch.  201  scholars. 
Pop.  2,819. 

Yorktown,  p-v.,  port  of  entry  and  capital  of 
York  co.,  Va.,  70  e.  s.  e.  Richmond,  185  W.  Sit- 
uated on  the  s.  side  of  York  cr.,  opposite  to  Glou- 
cester. It  contains  a  court  house,  jail,  county 
offices,  40  dwellings,  some  of  them  in  a  dilapi- 
dated condition,  and  about  300  inhabitants.  It  is 
memorable  as  the  place  where  Lord  Cornwallis 
surrendered  the  British  army  to  Gen.  Washing- 
ton, Oct.  19th,  1781,  which  event  terminated  the 
revolutionary  war. 

Yorktown,  p-v.,  Delaware  co.,  la.,  50  n.  e. 
Indianapolis,  537  W. 

Yorkville,  v.,  New  York  co.,  N.  Y.  Situated 
on  the  Harlem  railroad,  5  ms.  n.  of  the  City  Hall. 
It  lies  chiefly  on  two  streets.  It  contains  2 
churches — 1  Episcopal  and  1  Methodist — a  fine 
public  school  house  of  brick,  2  stories  high,  with 
a  large  public  library,  4  stores,  1  rope  walk,  2 
extensive  carriage  fac,  70  dwellings,  and  about 
500  inhabitants.  The  railroad  passes  through  the 
place  in  a  deep  cut,  and  in  the  immediate  vicini- 
ty it  passes  through  a  tunnel  cut  through  solid 
rock,  844  feet  long,  24  feet  wide,  and  21  high. 
Prospect  Hill,  in  the  vicinity,  has  a  fine  public 
house  commanding  an  extensive  prospect.  In 
the  vicinity  of  the  v.  is  the  great  receiving  reser- 
voir of  the  Croton  water-works.  Stages  pass 
through  the  place  many  times  daily,  from  the 
city  to  Harlem. 

Yorkville,  p-v.,  capital  of  York  dist.,  S.  C, 
79  n.  by  w.  Columbia,  480  W.  Situated  on  a 
branch  of  Broad  r.,  and  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  about  700  in- 
habitants. * 

Yorkville,  p-v.,  Pickens  co.,  Ala.,  68  w.  n. 
w.  Tuscaloosa,  876  W. 

Yorkville,  p-v.,  Gibson  co.,  Tenn.,  143  w. 
Nashville,  826  W.  Situated  on  a  branch  of  Obion 
r.,  and  contains  about  100  inhabitants. 

Yorkville,  p-v.,  Racine  co.,  Wis.,  96  e.  s.  e. 
Madison,  796  W 

Yough  Glades,  p-o.,  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  219 
w.  n.  w.  Annapolis,  180  W. 

Youghiogheny,  r.,  Va.,  Md.,  and  Pa.,  rises  in 
Preston  co.,  Va.,  and  passes  through  Alleghany 
co.,  Md.,  and  enters  Pa.  between  Somerset  and 
Fayette  counties,  and  pursuing  a  n.  n.  w.  course, 
it  enters  the  Alleghany  r.,  18  ms.  s.  E.  of  Pitts- 
burg. Its  course  is  through  an  elevated,  hilly, 
and  mountainous  country,  passing  through  Lau- 
rel Hills  and  Chesnut  ridge.  At  the  Ohiopyle 
falls,  about  30  ms.  from  its  entrance  into  the  Al- 
leghany, it  has  a  perpendicular  descent  of  20  feet, 
presenting  at  high  water  a  grand  and  interesting 
appearance.    It  is  navigable  to  these  falls. 

Young,  p-o.,  McDonough  co.,  111.,  95  N.  w. 
Springfield,  868  W. 

Young's,  p-o.,  Yancey  co.,  N.  C,  238  w.  Ra- 


leigh, 468 


Youngers,  p-o.,  Boone  co.,  Mo.,  45  n.  Jeffer- 
son City,  930  W. 

Young's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Granville  co.,  N. 
C,  68  n.  Raleigh,  263  W. 

Young's  Cross  Roads,  p-o.,  Lauderdale  co., 
Ala.,  149  n.  Tuscaloosa,  794  W. 

Young's  Mills,  p-o.,  Wayne  t.,  Knox  co..  O., 
57  n.  e.  Columbus,  335  W. 

Young's  Point,  p-o.,  Madison  par.,  La. 

Young's  Store,  p-o.,  Laurens  dist.,  S.  C,  86 
w.  n.  w.  Columbia,  504  W. 

Young's  Tan  Yard,  p-o.,  Washington  co., 
Tenn. 

Youngston,  t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.  It  has  10 
sch.  520  scholars.    Pop.  999. 

Youngstown,  p-t.,  port  of  delivery,  Porter  t., 
Niagara  co.,  N.  Y.,  298  w.  by  n.  Albany,  416  W. 
Situated  on  the  e.  side  of  Niagara  r.,  1  m.  from 
its  entrance  into  Lake  Ontario,  and  contains  1 
church,  1  steam  flouring  m.,  5  stores,  50  dwell- 
ings, and  about  400  inhabitants.  A  ferry  crosses 
the  r.  to  Newark  v.,  Canada.  Near  it  is  Fort 
Niagara,  celebrated  in  the  French  war.  It  was 
taken  by  the  British  in  the  late  war.  It  has, 
since  the  war,  been  suffered  to  go  to  decay. 
Opposite  to  Youngstown  is  Fort  George,  in  Cana- 
da. Steamboats  land  and  receive  passengers  at 
this  place,  during  the  season  of  navigation. 

Youngstown,  p-b.,  Unity  t.,  Westmoreland 
co.,  Pa.,  158  w.  Harrisburg,  184  W.  It  contains 
1  German  church,  4  stores,  2  tanneries,  1  flouring 
m.,  1  saw  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $3,600.  1  sch. 
50  scholars.    Pop.  415. 

Youngstown,  p-t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.,  177  n.  e. 
Columbus,  290  W.  Watered  by  Mahoning  r.,  Mill 
cr.,  and  other  small  tributaries  of  the  Mahoning. 
The  v.  is  situated  on  the  n.  side  of  the  r.,  on  the 
Pa.  and  O.  canal,  and  contains  5  stores  and  a 
number  of  dwellings.  There  are  in  the  t.  9  sch. 
526  scholars.    Pop.  654. 

Youngsville,  p-v.,  Warren  co.,  Pa.,  218  n. 
w.  Harrisburg,  310  W.  Situated  on  both  sides 
of  Big  Broken  Straw  cr.,  3  ms.  from  its  mouth, 
and  contains  a  Methodist  church,  3  stores,  various 
mechanic  shops,  30  dwellings,  and  about  200  in- 
habitants. The  country  around  is  fertile  and 
well  cultivated. 

Youngsville,  p-v.,  Tallapoosa  co.,  Ala.,  139 
e.  s.  E.  Tuscaloosa,  806  W.  It  contains  about  75 
inhabitants. 

Young  Womanstown,  p-v.,  Chapman  t.,  Clin- 
ton co.,  Pa.,  134  n.  Harrisburg,  226  W.  Situated 
on  the  n.  side  of  the  Susquehanna  r.,  and  con- 
tains about  40  inhabitants. 

Ypsilanti,  p-t.,  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  30  w. 
by  s.  Detroit,  517  W.  Watered  by  Huron  r.  and 
Stony  cr.  The  v.  is  situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Huron  r.,  and  contains  3  churches — 1  Episcopal, 
1  Presbyterian,  and  1  Methodist — an  academy,  10 
stores,  3  flouring  m.,  3  saw  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  2 
carding  machines,  1  iron  foundry,  1  tannery,  300 
dwellings,  and  about  1,500  inhabitants.  It  is  con- 
nected with  Detroit  by  the  Central  railroad.  The 
r.  here  affords  good  water  power.  There  are  in 
the  t.  16  stores,  cap.  $16,850;  1  furnace,  1  distil- 
lery, 4  flouring  m.,  3  grist  m.,  9  saw  m.  Cap.  in 
manufac.  $169,335.    Pop.  2,419. 


z. 


Zachery's  Store,  p-o.,  Newton  co.,  Ga.,  68 
N.  w.  Milledgeville,  655  W. 

Zanesfield,  p-v.,  Logan  co.,  O.,  64  n.  w.  Co- 
lumbus, 451  W.  Situated  on  a  head  branch  of 
Mad  r.,  and  contains  about  150  inhabitants. 

Zanesville,  p-t.,  capital  of  Muskingum  co., 
O.,  54  e.  Columbus,  339  W.    The  v.  is  situated 


on  the  E.  side  of  Muskingum  r.,  opposite  to  the 
mouth  of  Licking  r.,  on  the  national  road.  It  con- 
tains an  elegant  court  house,  a  jail,  county  offices, 
a  market  house,  2  banking  houses,  2  academies, 
an  athenaeum,  with  a  reading-room,  and  a  library 
of  2,300  vols.,  9  churches,  40  wholesale  and  retail 
stores,  2  steam  engine  and  machine  shops,  3 


ZKB 


747 


ZOA 


woollen  fac,  1  cotton  fac,  1  .steam  paper  m  ,  3  oil  I 
m.  2  breweries,  3  air  foundries,  2  brass  foundries, 
2  rope  fac,  2  soap  and  candle  fac,  1  starch  and 
glue  fac,  3  coach  fac,  2  steam  and  2  water  saw 
m.,  2  glass  fac,  1  steam  hat  fac,  and  5  printing 
offices.  In  the  immediate  vicinity  are  5  flouring 
m.  propelled  by  water  power,  with  30  run  of 
stones,  and  3  steam  flouring  m.,  with  9  run  of 
stones,  manufacturing  annually  100,000  barrels 
of  flour.  The  population  of  the  v.  is  4,766,  and 
including  several  connected  adjacent  villages, 
about  7,000.  A  benevolent  and;  wealthy  indi- 
vidual bequeathed  a  fund  of  $35,000,  which  is 
constantly  increasing,  to  found  a  free  school.  2 
bridges  connect  this  place  with  Putnam  and  West 
Zanesville,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Muskingum 
river.  By  means  of  a  side-cut  which  enters  the 
Muskingum  at  Dresden,  it  has  a  connection  with 
the  Ohio  canal.  A  canal  and  locks  at  this  place 
around  the  falls  of  the  Muskingum,  not  only  make 
the  r.  navigable,  but  create  a  great  water  power. 
Fop.  of  the  t.,  exclusive  of  the  v.,  355. 

Zanesville,  p-o.,  Buckingham  co.,  Va.,  83  n. 

.  Richmond,  162  W. 

Zanesville,  p-v.,  Montgomery  co.,  111.,  33  s. 
Springfield,  784  W. 

Zebulon,  p-v.,  capital  of  Pike  co.,  Ga.,  77  w. 
Milledgeville,  696  W.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
jail,  an  academy,  1  Baptist  and  1  Methodist 
church,  6  stores,  and  about  40  dwellings. 

Zebulon,  p-v.,  Pike  co.,  Ark.,  136  s.  w.  Little 


Rock,  1,201  W.  Situated  on  a  branch  of  Washita 
r.,  ami  contains  ahout  75  inhabitants. 

Zkiskrsv  ii  i.k.  p-o.,  Luzerne  co,  Pa.,  105  N.  x. 
Harrisburg,  211  W. 

Zkuenoi'lk,  p-v.,  Conequenessing  t.,  Butler 
co.,  Pa.,  221  w.  by  n.  Harrisbarg,  :  >-'  w  situ- 
at  cd  on  the  s.  side  of  Conequenessing  cr.,  and  con- 
tains 2  stores,  several  mills,  and  about  250  inhab- 
itants. 

Zknas,  p-v.,  Jennings  co.,  la.,  62  s.  Indianapo- 
lis, 565  W. 

Zion,  p-v.,  Iredell  co.,  N.  C,  155  w.  Raleigh, 
366  W. 

Zoar,  p-o.,  Eden  t.,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y.,  296  w.  Al- 
bany, 353  W. 

Zoar,  p-v.,  Lawrence  t.,  Tuscarawas  co.,  O., 
120  n.  e.  Columbus,  319  W.  Situated  on  the  e. 
side  of  Tuscarawas  river.  Settled  by  a  German 
colony  called  Separatists,  from  their  secession 
from  the  Lutheran  and  other  churches.  It  is 
under  the  government  of  a  patriarch,  and  chooses 
its  own  officers.  The  v.  contains  1  store,  1  grist 
m.,  2  saw  m.,  1  oil  m.,  1  woollen  fac,  1  linen  fac, 
60  dwellings,  and  about  300  inhabitants.  On  the 
canal  they  have  several  warehouses,  and  2  blast 
furnaces.  They  have  an  extensive  pleasure-gar- 
den, with  a  hothouse,  well  stored  with  rare  plants 
and  exotic  fruits.  The  v.  is  peculiarly  neat  and 
thrifty,  and  is  visited  as  a  curiosity. 

Zoar  Bridge,  p-v.,  New  Haven  co.,  Ct.,  51  s 
s.  e.  Hartford  293  W. 


**'• 


APPENDIX, 


CONTAINING 

SEVERAL  OMISSIONS,  NEW  COUNTIES,  POST-OFFICES,  &c. 


Addison,  t.,  Shelby  co.,  la.    Pop.  1,284. 
Albany,  t.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  803. 
Alexander,  t.,  Licking  co.,  O.    Pop.  200. 
Allen,  t.,  Union  co.,  O.    Pop.  713. 
Anderson,  t.,  Warrick  co.,  la.    Pop.  348. 
Andover,   (north  surplus,)  Oxford   co.,  Me. 
Pop.  45. 
Arkansas,  t.,  Arkansas  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  640. 
Armstrong,  t,  Vanderburg  co.,  la.    Pop.  869. 
Auburn,  t.,  Richland  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,016. 
Auvase,  t.,  Callaway  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1,164. 

B. 

Barlow,  t.,  Washington  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,011. 

Bayou  Mason,  t.,  Chicot  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  455. 

Benedicta,  t.,  Aroostook  co.,  Me.    Pop.  222. 

Berlin,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  O.    Pop.  827. 

Bethlehem,  t.,  Northampton  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
2,989. 

Black  Lick,  t.,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  2,088. 

Blair,  t.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1,370. 

Blooming  Grove,  t.,  Richland  co.,  O.  Pop. 
1,495. 

Blue  Creek,  t.,  Adams  co.,  la.    Pop.  197. 

Boggs,  t.,  Centre  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1,714. 

Boone,  t.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  445. 

Boston,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  la.    Pop.  656. 

Bowerbank,  t,  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.    Pop.  165. 

Bridgewater,  t.,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
2,082. 

Brookfield,  b.,  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  276. 

Brookfield,  t.,  Stark  co.,  O.    Pop.  315. 

Brown,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  la.    Pop.  1,452. 

Buffalo,  t.,  Union  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1,348. 

Bull  Skin,  t.,  Fayette  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1,275. 

Butler,  t.,  Knox  co.,  O.    Pop.  647. 

Buston,  t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  733. 

Byrd,  t,  Brown  co.,  O.    Pop.  2,421. 


Cave  Hill,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Ark.   Pop.  923. 

Centre,  t.,  Butler  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1,834. 

Centre,  t.,  Rush  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,385. 

Chambersburg,  v.,  West  t.,  Columbiana  co., 
O.    Pop.  82. 

Cherry,  t.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  875. 

Chest,  t.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  133. 

Clifford,  t,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
1,068. 

Clinton  Gore,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.    Pop.  110. 

Coleville,  t,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.    Pop.  530. 

Columbia,  t.,  Fayette  co.,  la.    Pop.  982. 

Conemaugh,  t.,  Somerset  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  882. 

Connewago,  t.,  Adams  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  889. 

Covington,  t.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  438. 


D. 


Decatur,  t.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  385. 
Damascus,  v.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.    Pop.  99. 
Danbury,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Vt.    Pop.  820. 
Darby,  t ,  Union  co.,  O.    Pop.  736. 


Davies,  county,  Ky.  Situated  in  the  w.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  600  sq.  ms.  It  has  the 
Ohio  r.  on  the  n.,  and  Green  r.  on  the  s.  Drained 
by  small  streams  falling  into  them.  Capital, 
Owenboro'.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
8,939,  sheep  7,929,  swine  11,614;  wheat  33,808 
bush,  produced,  rye  2,538,  Ind.  corn  361,805,  oats 
52,325,  potatoes  10,617,  tobacco  8,598,900  pounds ; 
4  distilleries.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $2,900.  7  sch. 
166  scholars.    Pop.  8,331. 

De  Kalb,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  n.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  648  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Kishwaukee  cr.  and  a  small  branch  of  Fox  r. 
Capital,  Sycamore.  There  were  in  1840,  neat 
cattle  2,283,  sheep  682,  swine  7,800  ;  wheat 
38,095  bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  49,531,  oats 
36,305,  potatoes  21,975,  sugar  9,014  pounds;  4 
stores,  cap.  $7,000  ;  1  distillery,  7  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $25,250.  11  sch.  216  scholars. 
Pop.  1,697. 

Delavan,  t.,  Walworth  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  154. 

Delaware,  t.,  Juniata  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  946. 

Derry,  t.,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  3,732. 

Du  Page,  county,  111.  Situated  in  the  n.  e. 
part  of  the  state,  and  contains  396  sq.  ms.  Drain- 
ed by  Des  Planes  r.  and  Du  Page  cr.  Capital, 
Napierville.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle 
5,617,  sheep  831,  swine  8,213;  wheat  53,641 
bush,  produced,  Ind.  corn  65,261,  barley  1,912, 
oats  136,413,  potatoes  85,370,  sugar  14,555  lbs. ; 
3  stores,  cap.  $13,000 ;  2  grist  m.,  7  saw  m.  Cap. 
in  manufac.  $18,500.  18  sch.  337  scholars.  Pop. 
3,535. 


East  Brunswick,  t.,  Schuylkill  co.,  Po.  Pop. 
1,230. 

East  Lyme,  t.,  New  London  co.,  Ct.  Pop 
1,439. 

East  Pike  Run,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.  Pop 
1,240. 

East  Providence,  t.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.  Pop 
1,019. 

Ecore  a  Fabre,  t.,  Union  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  232. 

Eufaula,  p-v.,  Barbour  co.,  Ala.,  201  n.  e. 
Tuscaloosa,  809  W.  Situated  on  the  w.  side  of 
Chattahoochee  r.,  and  contains  about  200  inhab- 
itants.   This  place  was  formerly  called  lrwinton. 

F. 

Fayette,  t.,  Juniata  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1,291. 

Fell,  t.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  911. 

Ferguson,  t.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  168. 

Fermaugh,  t.,  Juniata  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  831. 

Flat  Rock,  t.,  Bartholomew  co.,  la.    Pop.  922. 

Fourche  la  Fave,  t.,  Pope  co.,  Ark.  Pop.  167. 

Fourche  la  Fave,  t.,  Conway  co.,  Ark.  Pop. 
343. 

Franklin,  county,  Va.  Situated  in  the  s.  part 
of  the  state,  and  contains  771  sq.  ms.  Drained 
by  Roanoke  r.  and  its  branches.  Capital,  Rocky 
Mount.  There  were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  11,590, 
sheep  11,967,  swine  31,986;  wheat  97,048  bush, 
produced,  rye  7,166,  Indian  corn  130,251,  oata 


IND 


184,101,  potatoes  17,745,  tobacco  2,508, 115  pounds, 
cotton  2,749;  19  stores,  cap.  $118,900;  24  tan- 
neries, 21  distilleries,  4  flouring  m.,  33  grist  m., 
36  saw  m.,  2  oil  m.  Cap.  in  manufac.  $73,520. 
16  sen.  367  scholars.     Pop.  15,832. 

Franklin,  t.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  529. 

Franklin,  t,  Portage  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,497. 

Franklin,  t.,  Summit  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,436. 

Franklin,  t.,  Warren  co.,  O.    Pop.  2,457. 

Franklinton,  Franklin  co.,  O.    Pop.  404. 

Fulton,  t.,  Sevier  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  3,052. 


German,  t.,  Mercer  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,499. 

German,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  O.    Pop.  2,728. 

Gibson,  t.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  170. 

Gibson,  t.,  Darke  co.,  O.    Pop.  276. 

Girard,  t.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  349. 

Glass  Lake,  t.,  Jackson  co.,  Mich.   Pop.  1,127. 

Golden,  l,  Erie  co.,  N.  Y.    Pop.  1,088. 

Goshen  Gore,  t.,  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.   Pop.  144. 

Granville,  t.,  Mercer  co.,  O.    Pop.  339. 

Granville,  t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.    Pop.  156. 

Gratiot,  t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.    Pop.  108. 

Grayson,  t.,  Owen  co.,  la.    Pop.  475. 

Greenbrier,  t.,  Independence  co.,  Ark.  Pop. 
550. 

Greene,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  2,518. 

Greene,  t.,  Pike  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  178. 

Greene,  t.,  Hamilton  co.,  O.    Pop.  2,939. 

Greene,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  O.    Pop.  937. 

Greene,  t.,  Richland  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,998. 

Greene,  t.,  Ross  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,889. 

Greene,  t,  Scioto  co.,  O.    Pop.  974. 

Greene,  t.,  Summit  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,536. 

Greene,  t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.    Pop.  646. 

Greene,  t,  Wayne  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,751. 

Greene,  t.,  Randolph  co.,  la.    Pop.  596. 

Greenfield,  b.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
264. 

Greenfield,  t.,  Orange  co.,  la.    Pop.  635. 

Greenfield,  t.,  Poinsett  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  288. 

Greensborough,  t.,  Henry  co.,  la.    Pop.  945. 

Greensburg,  t.,  Greene  co.,  Ky.    Pop.  585. 

Greenville,  t.,  Erie  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  862. 

Griggs,  l,  Van  Buren  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  579. 

Gum  Log,  t.,  Pope  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  205. 

H. 

Hanover,  b.,  York  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1,070. 
Hanover,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  la.    Pop.  840. 
Hamilton,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,119. 
Hamilton,  t.,  Jackson  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,711. 
Hardin,  t.,  Conway  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  423. 
Harios,  t.,  Centre  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  2,002. 
Harmony,  t.,  Perry  co.,  la.    Pop.  1,764. 
Harmony,  t.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  569. 
Harrison,  t.,  Ross  co.,  O.    Pop.  631. 
Harrison,  t.,  Fayette  co.,  la.     Pop.  1,690. 
Harrison,  t.,  Owen  co.,  la.    Pop.  401. 
Harrison,  t.,  Cole  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  547. 
Hat  Creek,  t.,  Taney  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  181. 
Haw  Creek,  t.,  Bartholomew  co.,  la.    Pop. 
1,268. 
Henry,  t.,  Wood  co.,  O.    Pop.  213. 
Henry,  t,  Henry  co.,  la.    Pop.  1,318. 
Highland,  t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.    Pop.  844. 
Hilbourne,  t.,  Madison  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  367. 
Horace,  t.  Tioga  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  82. 
Howland,  t.,  Trumbull  co.  O.    Pop.  1,035. 
Hurricane,  t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1,795. 

I. 

Independence,  t,  Washington  co.,  O.  Pop.  335. 


749 LIT 

Illinois,  t.,  Pope  co.,  Ark.     Pop.  17;*. 
Illinoy,  t.,  Pope  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  208. 


Jackson,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  O.    Pop.  805. 
Jackson,  t.,  Preble  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,260. 
Jackson,  t.,  Sandusky  co.,  O.    Pop.  929. 
Jackson,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  O.     Pop.  1,645. 
Jackson,  t.,  Hamilton  co.,  la.     Pop.  1,209. 
Jacksonburg,  v.,  Butler  co.,  O.    Pop.  136. 
Jailes,  t.,  Van  Buron  co ,  Ark.    Pop.  338. 
James,  t.,  Steuben  co.,  la.    Pop.  314. 
Jeffkkson,  t.,  Cambria  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  141. 
Jefferson,  t.,  Allen  co.,  la.    Pop.  108. 
Jefferson,  I.,  Grant  co.,  la.    Pop.  636. 
Jefferson,  t.,  Hamilton  co.,  la.    Pop.  167. 
Jefferson,  t.,  Switzerland  co.,  la.   Pop.  2,068. 
Jefferson,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  la.    Pop.  1,289. 
Jefferson,  t.,  Buchanan  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  448. 
Jefferson,  t.,  Sevier  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  280. 
Jena,  t.,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  141. 
Jenks,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  20. 
Jennings,  t.,  Fayette  co.,  la.    Pop.  786. 
Jerome,  t.,  Union  co.,  O.    Pop.  865. 
Johnson,  t.,  Brown  co.,  la.    Pop.  342. 
Johnson,  t.,  Gibson  co.,  la.    Pop.  1,205. 
Johnson,  (extended,)  Cambria  co.,  Pa.    Pop. 
328. 
Jordon,  t.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  329. 

K. 

King's  River,  t,  Madison  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  345. 
L. 

La  Fayette,  t.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
327. 

La  Fayette,  t.,  Floyd  co.,  la.    Pop.  928. 

La  Fayette,  t,  Owen  co.,  la.    Pop.  511. 

La  Fayette,  t.,  Union  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  337. 

La  Grange,  t.,  La  Fayette  co.,  Ark.  Pop. 
362. 

Lake,  t.,  Allen  co.,  la.    Pop.  254. 

Lake,  t.,  Milwaukee  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  418. 

Lanciuille,  t.,  Poinsett  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  494. 

Larner,  t.,  Preble  co.,  O.     Pop.  1,618. 

Laurel,  t.,  Hocking  co.,  O.    Pop.  836. 

Lawrence,  t,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1,032. 

Lebanon,  t.,  Lawrence  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  412. 

Lees  Creek,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  555. 

Leesburg,  t.,  Union  co.,  O.    Pop.  726. 

Lehman,  t.,  Pike  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  560. 

Le  Roy,  t.,  Ingham  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  110. 

Lesear,  t,  New  Madrid  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  968 

Letter  A.,  t.,  Aroostook  co.,  Me.    Pop.  177 

Letter  A.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.    Pop.  54. 

Lewistown,  v.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.    Pop.  79 

Lewisville,  t.,  Coshocton  co.,  O.    Pop.  64. 

Liberty,  t.,  Pope  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  300. 

Liberty,  t.,  Putnam  co.,  O.    Pop.  125. 

Liberty,  t.,  Ross  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,256. 

Liberty,  L,  Trumbull  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,225. 

Liberty,  t.,  Union  co.,  O.    Pop.  927. 

Liberty,  t.,  Washington  co.,  O.    Pop.  515. 

Liberty,  t.,  Wood  co.,  O.    Pop.  215. 

Liberty,  t.,  Pope  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  300. 

Licking,  t.,  Blackford  co.,  la.    Pop.  542. 

Lick  Mountain,  t.,  Conway  co.,  Ark.  Pop. 
174. 

Limington,  t.,  York  co.,  Me.    Pop.  2,210. 

Lisbon,  t.,  Milwaukee  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  116. 

Little  Black,  t.,  Randolph  co.,  Ark.  Pop. 
176. 

Little  Red  River,  t,  Van  Buren  co.,  Ark. 
Pop.  317. 


NOR 


750 


PIT 


Little  North  Fork,  t.,  Marion  co.,  Ark. 
Pop.  190. 
Logan,  t.,  Fountain  co.,  la.    Pop.  949. 
London,  t.,  Seneca  co.,  O.    Pop.  763. 
Long  Island,  Hancock  co.,  Me.    Pop.  114. 
Lorain,  t.,  Tippecanoe  co.,  la.    Pop.  1,482. 
Lordstown,  t.,  Trumbull  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,167. 
Louisiana,  t.,  Chicot  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  951. 
Ludlow,  t,  Washington  co.,  O.    Pop.  539. 
Lynn,  t.,  Posey  co.,  fa.    Pop.  845. 

M. 

McVeytown,  b.,  Mifflin  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  348. 

Madison,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,594. 

Madison,  t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,070. 

Madison,  t.,  Richland  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,878. 

Madison,  t.,  Sandusky  co.,  O.    Pop.  316. 

Madison,  t.,  Scioto  co.,  O.    Pop.  830. 

Madison,  t.,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1,067. 

Madison,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  la.    Pop.  2,757. 

Marion,  t.,  Mercer  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,010. 

Marion,  t.,  Shelby  co.,  O.    Pop.  965. 

Marion,  t.,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  345. 

Marion,  t,  Union  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  278. 

Maumee,  t.,  Allen  co.,  la.    Pop.  272. 

Meigs,  t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,333. 

Meigsville,  t.,  Morgan  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,159. 

Miatt,  t.,  Lawrence  co.,  O.    Pop.  366. 

Middleburg,  t,  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
32. 

Milan,  t,  Allen  co.,  la.    Pop.  249. 

Mill  Grove,  t.,  Steuben  co.,  la.    Pop.  206. 

Millsford,  t.,  Williams  co.,  O.    Pop.  175. 

Milton,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  la.    Pop.  1,280. 

Monroe,  t.,  Grant  CO.,  la.    Pop.  273. 

Montgomery,  t.,  Richland  county,  O.  Pop. 
2,445. 

Montgomery,  t.,  Owen  co.,  la.    Pop.  1,429. 

Montgomery,  t.,  Monroe  county,  Ark.  Pop. 
292. 

Morgan,  t.,  Harrison  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,157. 

Morgan,  t.,  Owen  co.,  la.    Pop.  580. 

Morris,  t.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  214. 

Mount  Sterling,  t,  Madison  co.,  O.  Pop. 
152. 

Mount  Sterling  t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.  Pop. 
177. 

N. 

Newark,  t,  Licking  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,433. 

Narrows,  t.,  Macon  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  211. 

New  Georgetown,  v.,  Columbiana  co.,  O. 
Pop.  218. 

New  Hanover,  t,  Burlington  co.,  N.  J.  Pop. 
3,045. 

New  Lima,  t.,  Columbiana  co.,  O.    Pop.  129. 

New  Reading,  t.  and  v.,  Perry  co.,  O.  Pop. 
of  the  v.  193,  of  the  t.  2,799. 

Newton,  t,  Trumbull  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,456. 

Niangua,  t,  Benton  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  372. 

Nine  Mile  Prairie,  t.,  Callaway  co.,  Mo. 
Pop.  2,059. 

Nineveh,  t.,  Bartholomew  co.,  la.    Pop.  854. 

Noble,  t.,  Rush  co.,  la.    Pop.  1,491. 

Noble,  t.,  Wabash  co.,  la.    Pop.  454. 

Northampton,  t.,  Summit  co.,  O.    Pop.  963. 

North  and  South  Akron,  t.,  Summit  co., 
O.    Pop.  1,665. 

Northern  Liberties,  (incorporated  and  un- 
incorporated,) Philadelphia  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  37,806. 
(See  Philadelphia.) 

Northeast,  t.,  Orange  co.,  la.    Pop.  1,027. 

North  Fork,  t.,  Newton  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  177. 

North  Fork,  t.,  Taney  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  357. 

North  Shenango.  t,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
1,210.  * 


Northwest,  t.,  Orange  co.,  la.    Pop.  901. 
North  Woodbury,  t.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.    Pop. 
1,994. 
North,  t.,  Harrison  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,086. 


Ohio,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  O.    Pop.  908. 
Old  River,  t.,  Arkansas  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  281. 
Old  River,  t.,  Chicot  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  454. 
Olympus,  t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.    Pop.  96. 
Orange,  t.,  Columbia  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  833. 
Orange,  t,  Carroll  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,528. 
Orange,  t.,  Delaware  co.,  O.     Pop.  789. 
Orange,  t.,  Richland  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,840. 
Orange,  t.,  Rush  co.,  la.    Pop.  1,499. 
Oregon,  t.,  Lucas  co.,  O.    Pop.  264. 
Osage,  t.,  Miller  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  297. 
Osage,  t.,  Morgan  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  654. 
Osage,  t.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  307. 
Oshtomo,  t.,  Kalamazoo  county,  Mich.    Pop. 
310. 
Ottowa,  t.,  Oceana  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  190. 
Ottowa,  t.,  Putnam  co.,  O.    Pop.  690. 
Otter  Creek,  t.,  Ripley  co.,  la.    Pop.  941. 
Otter  Creek,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  425. 
Owen,  t.,  Saline  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  481. 


Palmyra,  t.,  Pike  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  300. 

Parker,  t.,  Butler  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,364. 

Peebles,  t.,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1,820. 

Pemisco,  t.,  New  Madrid  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  278. 

Pendleton,  t.,  St.  Francis  co.,  Mo.  Pop. 
387 

Penn,  t.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  336. 

Penn,  t.,  Union  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  2,280. 

Perry,  t.,  Logan  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,014. 

Perry,  t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,061. 

Perry,  t,  Noble  co.,  la.     Pop.  464. 

Perry,  t.,  Stark  co.,  O.    Pop.  2,209. 

Perry,  t.,  St.  Francis  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  977. 

Peru,  t.,  Pike  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1,178. 

Pettis,  t.,  Macon  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  384. 

Philadelphia,  county,  Pa.  Situated  in  the 
s.  E.  part  of  the  state,  and  contains  120  square 
miles.  The  surface  is  gently  undulating ;  soil, 
productive.  Delaware  r.  runs  on  its  e.  border. 
Drained  by  Schuylkill  river,  and  Poquessing, 
Pennypack,  Frankford,  Darby,  and  other  creeks. 
These  streams,  especially  the  Schuylkill,  afford 
good  water  power.  Capital,  Philadelphia.  There 
were  in  1840,  neat  cattle  11,988,  sheep  2,781, 
swine  13,132;  wheat  66,987  bushels  produced, 
rye  28,500,  Ind.  corn  165,834,  buckwheat  14,340, 
barley  2,178,  oats  140,053,  potatoes  249,817,  silk 
cocoons  2,294  pounds;  186  commercial  and  63 
commission  houses,  cap.  $2,119,501 ;  2,078  stores, 
capital  $17,385,993:  60  lumber  yards,  capital 
$1,232,000 ;  16  fulling  m.,  29  woollen  fac,  45 
cotton  fac.  40,862  sp.,  32  dyeing  and  printing 
establishments,  10  tanneries,  20  rope  fac,  11  dis- 
tilleries, 19  breweries,  1  glass  fac,  7  potteries,  12 
sugar  refineries,  17  flouring  m.,  13  grist  m.,  13 
sawm.,  1  oil  m.,  10  paper  fac,  47  printing  offices, 
8  daily,  17  weekly,  7  semi-weekly  newspapers, 
and  26  periodicals.  Capital  in  manufactures, 
$11,587,668.  5  colleges,  737  students,  130  acad. 
8,897  students,  248  sch.  16,212  scholars.  Pop. 
258,037. 

Pike,  t.,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  676. 

Pike,  t,  Potter  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  139, 

Pike,  t.,  Union  co.,  la.    Pop.  1,587. 

Pine  Grove,  t.,  Warren  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1,385. 

Pink,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1,610. 

Pittstown,  t.,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1,110. 


SAL 


751 


VAN 


Plain,  t.,  Wood  co.,  O.     Pop.  273. 
Platte,  t.,  Buchanan  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  4fi2. 
Pleasant,  t.,  Marion  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1,414. 
Pleasant,  t.,  Steuben  co.,  la.    Pop.  356. 
Plymouth  Grant,  t.,    Aroostook    co.,    Me. 
Pop.  200. 
Point,  t.,  Perry  co.,  la.    Pop.  578. 
Porter,  t.,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  879. 
Poultney,  t.,  Steuben  co.,  N.  Y.    Pop.  1,784. 
Prairie,  t.,  Henry  co.,  la.     Pop.  1,724. 
Preble,  t,  Adams  co.,  la.    Pop.  164. 
Prescott,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Me.    Pop.  793. 
Pushuta,  t.,  Allen  co.,  O.    Pop.  768. 
Pymatuning,  t.,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1,793. 

R. 

Racoon,  t.,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  871. 
Randolph,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  O.   Pop.  1,774. 
Randolph,  t.,  Tippecanoe  co.,  la.    Pop.  991. 
Raysville,  Henry  co.,  la.    Pop.  246. 
Recovery,  t.,  Mercer  co.,  O.    Pop.  298. 
Rensselaer,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  464. 
Republican,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  la.    Pop.  1,548. 
Rice,  t.,  Sandusky  co.,  O.    Pop.  385. 
Richfield,  t.,  Lucas  co.,  O.    Pop.  204. 
Rich  Hill,  t.,  Greene  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1,384. 
Rich  Hill,  t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.   Pop.  1,424. 
Richland,  t.,  Marion  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,147. 
Richland,  t.,  Putnam  co.,  O.    Pop.  388. 
Richland,  t.,  Fountain  co.,  la.    Pop.  2,048. 
Richland,  t.,  Steuben  co.,  la.    Pop.  141. 
Richland,  t.,  Morgan  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1,021. 
Richland,  t.,  Scott  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  523. 
Richmond,  t.,  Ashtabula  co.,  O.    Pop.  384. 
Richmond,  t.,  Howard  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  2,642. 
Rich  Woods,  t.,  Miller  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  370. 
Rich  Woods,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Mo.    Pop. 
857. 

Ridgeville,  t.,  Lorain  co.,  O.    Pop.  818. 
Riley,  t.,  Oxford  co.,  Me.    Pop  51. 
Riley,  t.,  Sandusky  co.,  O.    Pop.  426. 
Riley,  t.,  Putnam  co.,  O.    Pop.  658. 
Ripley,  t.,  Montgomery  co.,  la.    Pop.  950. 
Ripley,  t.,  Rush  co.,  la.    Pop.  1,922. 
Risdon,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  O.    Pop.  27. 
Rivers,  t.,  Jackson  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  400. 
Roanoke,  t.,  Randolph  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  308. 
Roark,  t.,  Gasconade  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  /27. 
Robinson,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  860. 
Rochester,  t.,  Lorain  co.,  O     Pop.  487. 
Rock,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  755. 
Rock  Creek,  t.,  Bartholomew  co.,  la.    Pop. 
685. 

Rockford,  t.,  Caldwell  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  746. 
Rocky  Fork,  t.,  Boone  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1,697. 
Ross,  t.,  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  386. 
Rossville,  t.,  Muskingum  co.,  O.    Pop.  160. 
Round  Grove,  t.,  Marion  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  911. 
Round  Prairie,  t.,  Callaway  co.,  Mo.    Pop. 
1,019. 
Roxbury,  t,  Washington  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,086. 
Rundle,  t.,  Cape  Girardeau  co.,  Mo.    Pop. 
580. 
Rush,  t.,  Centre  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  317. 
Rush  Creek,  t.,  Logan  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,077. 
Rush,  t.,  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  370. 


Sabine,  t.,  Saline  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  907. 
Salem,  t.,  Mercer  co.,  O.    Pop.  579. 
Salem,  t.,  Warren  co.,  O.    Pop.  2,958. 
Saline,  t.,  Cooper  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1,227. 
Saline,  t.,  Miller  co.,  Mo.    Pep.  489. 
Saline,  t.,  St.  Genevieve  co.,  Mo:    Pop.  olO. 
Saling,  t.,  Audrain  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  209. 


Salt  Potm,  t.,  BoImm  <•<>.,  M<>.    Pop 

Salt  River,  t.,  l'ike  co.,  Mo.     flop,  M6. 

Salt  River,  t.,  Balls  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  HS. 

Sand  Creek,  t.,  Bartholomew  co.,  la.  Pop. 
1,003. 

Sandstone,  t.,  Jackson  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  654. 

St.  Ferdinand,  t.t  St.  Lotus  co.,  Mo.  Pop. 
3,079. 

St.  Francis,  t.,  St.  Francis  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  983. 

St.  Francis,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  601. 

St.  James,  t.,  Scott  co.,  Mo.    Pop. 

St.  Johns,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  Mo.     Top.  1. 9 

St.  Johns,  t.,  New  Madrid  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  580. 

St.  Josei'ii,  t.,  Allen  co.,  la.     Pop.  227. 

St.  Louis,  t.,  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  8,116. 

St.  Michael,  t.,  Madison  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1,518. 

Scott,  t.,  Brown  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,101. 

Scrubgrass,  t.,  Venango  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1,076. 

Sharon,  t.,  Richland  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,675. 

Shawnee,  t.,  Allen  co.,  O.    Pop.  439. 

Sheffield,  t,  Tippecanoe  co.,  la.    Pop.  1,524. 

Shelby,  t.,  Polk  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  451. 

Shippen,  t.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  192. 

Smith,  t.,  Barry  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1,799. 

South  Fort,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  731. 

South  River,  t.,  Marion  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  744. 

South  Strabane,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1,075. 

South  Woodbury,  t.,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
1,950. 

Spencer,  t,  Pike  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  837. 

Spencer,  t.,  Ralls  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1,087. 

Springfield,  t.,  Allen  co.,  la.    Pop.  110. 

Springfield,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,077. 

Springfield,  t.,  Lucas  co.,  O.    Pop.  443. 

Springfield,  t.,  Ross  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,063. 

Springfield,  t.,  Rives  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  453. 

Spring  Prairie,  t.,  Walworth  co.,  Wis.  Pop. 
531. 

Spring  Yard,  t.,  Barry  co.,  Mo.  Pop.    1,032. 

Sugar  Creek,  t.,  Shelby  co.,  la.    Pop.  1,048. 

Sugar  Creek,  t.,  Barry  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  810. 

Sugar  Creek,  t.,  Newton  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  280. 

Sugar  Creek,  t.,  Benton  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  460. 

Sugar  Loaf,  t.,  Crawford  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  213. 

Sugar  Loaf,  t.,  Van  Buren  co.,  Ark.   Pop.  77. 

Sugar  Tree  Bottom,  t.,  Carroll  co.,  Mo. 

Sully,  t.,  Marion  co.,  O.    Pop.  870. 
Surrounded    Hill,    t.,   Monroe    co.,    Ark. 
Pop.  105. 
Sweet  Home,  t.,  Clark  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  249. 


Turbut,  t.,  Juniata  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1,319. 
U. 

Union,  t.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  288. 

Union,  t.,  Washington  co.,  O.    Pop.  888. 

Union  and  Perry,  Vanderburgh  co.,  la.   Pop. 
1,241. 
'  Union,  L,  Cape  Girardeau  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  769. 

Union,  t.,  Lincoln  co.,  Mo.    Pop.    M88. 

Union,  t.t  Marion  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1,002. 

Union,  t.,  Monroe  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  737. 

Union,  t.,  St.  Genevieve  co.,  Mo.    1  op.  Jtob. 

Union,  t,  Saline  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  152. 

Union,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  M17. 

Upper    Loutre,  t.,    Montgomery    co.,    Mo. 
Pop.  545. 


Vallee,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  584. 
Van  Buren.  t.,  Grant  co.,  la.    Pop.  174. 


WAY 752 

Van  Buren,  t.,  Polk  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  511. 
Velmont,  t.,  Arkansas  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  283. 
.  Vernon,  t.,  Richland  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,084. 
Vernon,  t.,  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  373. 
Vineyard,  t.,  Barry  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  567. 

W. 

Walker,  t,  Juniata  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1,423. 
Walker,  t.,  Rush  co.,  la.    Pop.  1,032. 
Waltham,  t.,  Hancock  co.,  Me.    Pop.  321. 
Washington,  t.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1,829. 
Washington,  t.,  Union  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1,135. 
Washington,  t.,  Logan  co.,  O.    Pop.  517. 
Washington,  t.,  Warren  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,306. 
Washington,  t,  Independence  co.,  Ark.   Pop. 
348. 
Waterville,  t.,  Grafton  co.,  N.  H.    Pop.  63. 
Wawatosa,  t.,  Milwaukie  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  342. 
Wayne,  t.,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1,875. 
Wayne,  t.,  Scioto  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,844. 
Wayne,  t.,  Wayne  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,843. 


ZAN ^ 

Wayne,  t.,  Tippecanoe  co.,  la.    Pop.  1,541. 

West  Pike  Run,  t.,  Washington  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
947. 

West  Providence,  t,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
1,643. 

White,  t,  Benton  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  228. 

White,  t.,  Sevier  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  166. 

Whitefield,  t.,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1,664. 

White  Oak,  t.,  Franklin  co.,  Ark.    Pop.  795. 

Willsborough,  t.,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  369. 

Wolf,  t.,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  786. 


Yellow  Creek,  t.,  Linn  co.,  Mo.    Pop. 
York,  t.,  Lucas  co.,  O.    Pop.  435. 
Young,  t,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1,116. 
Young,  t.,  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1,321. 


Zane,  t.,  Logan  co.,  O.    Pop.  1,021. 


just  published 
BY   SHERMAN   &   SMITH, 

A  NEW  AND  ELEGANT  MAP  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 

OF  AMERICA, 

ENGRAVED  ON  STEEL; 

Projected  on  a  scale  of 24  miles  to  the  inch — size  about  six  feet  by  seven; 

Showing  accurately  and  minutely  the  boundaries  of  States,  Counties,  and  Town- 
ships ;  the  courses  of  Rivers  and  Streams,  Canals,  Railways,  Stage  and  Post  Roads ; 
the  position  of  Cities,  Towns,  and  Villages,  Lakes,  Mountains,  &c.  The  Meridian 
and  Township  lines  of  the  United  States'  Surveys.  The  various  internal  improve- 
ments, with  such  other  information  as  is  usually  delineated  on  Maps  of  the  most 
finished  description.  The  whole  compiled  from  the  United  States'  Surveys,  the  Sur- 
veys of  the  several  States,  and  other  most  authentic  sources, 

By  J.  Calvin  Smith,  Geographer. 

PRICE  TEN  DOLLARS. 

For  sale  wholesale  and  retail  by  Sherman  &  Smith,  122  Broadway,  cor.  Cedar-st, 

New  York. 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW 

AN  INITIAL  FINE  OF  25  CENTS 

WILL   BE  ASSESSED    FOR    FAILURE  TO    RETURN 
THIS    BOOK    ON    THE    DATE    DUE.    THE   PENALTY 
WILL  INCREASE  TO  50  CENTS  ON  THE  FOURTH 
DAY    AND    TO    $1.00    ON    THE    SEVENTH     DAY 
OVERDUE. 

StflAR    A     1347 

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